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<NAME>John Pas</NAME>
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<P>THE New POPE: Or, a true ACCOUNT Of the CEREMONIES and PROCEEDINGS In the Conclave at <HI>ROME,</HI> Upon the <HI>POPE</HI>'s Death, for the Election of a New <HI>Pope,</HI> ac|cording to the Con&s;titutions and Ceremonials.</P>
<P>As al&s;o. The CORONATION and CAVALCADE.</P>
<P>Tran&s;lated out of the <HI>French</HI> by <HI>J. D.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON:</HI> Printed, and are to be &s;old at the <HI>George</HI> in <HI>Fleet &s;treet,</HI> near <HI>Cliffords</HI>-Iune, 1677.</P>
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<HEAD>An Hi&s;torical Account of the Ceremonies at the Election of a Pope.</HEAD>
<P><HI>ROME,</HI> having heretofore rais'd it &s;elf to that Great|ne&s;s as to become the Seat of the World's Empire, continu'd its po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion thereof for many after-Ages. During that va&s;t Interval of time its Coun|cils had an Influence over the Affairs and Concerns of mo&s;t Nations: the Changes and Revolutions of States were regulated by its Policies; and its Judgments were Legi&s;lative to all places over which the Roman-Eagles had &s;pread their victorious wings: in a word, the general Emergencies of the Univer&s;e are the ordinary di&s;cour&s;e of the Inhabitants of this great City: and on the contrary, what is done in
<PB N="2" REF="3">it employs the reflections of all tho&s;e who have heard of its name.</P>
<P>But as it hapned heretofore at the death of any of its Emperours, all eyes were upon it, to ob&s;erve the ma|nagement of an Election, which they thought contributory to their happi|ne&s;s or unhappine&s;s, though as yet the Jurisdiction related only to temporal Concerns: &s;o is it &s;ince it became the Seat of a &s;piritual Monarchy and Hie|rarchy. For upon every vacancy in <HI>This,</HI> the whole Chri&s;tian World is inqui&s;itive to know what pa&s;&s;es in a conjuncture of &s;o great importance, to the tranquillity and advantage of <HI>Chri|&s;tendom,</HI> and wholly taken up with a con&s;ideration how worthy or how hap|py that &s;ubject ought to be, who is to fill a Chair exalted above all the Thrones upon earth.</P>
<P>As therefore every one thinks him|&s;elf concern'd in this exaltation to the Papal Dignity, &s;o does every one ima|gine he hath a right and freedom to &s;peak, and give his judgment of it. Accordingly hath it hapned, that all the
<PB N="3" REF="3">circum&s;tances of &s;o celebrious and &s;a|cred an action have been &s;o well ob|&s;erv'd, and thought of &s;uch con&s;e|quence, that the Memorials thereof have been tran&s;mitted to after-Ages; to the end it &s;hould be known, with what extraordinary precautions they were to proceed upon the like occa&s;i|ons, in order to the prevention of tho&s;e misfortunes and di&s;turbances, which the long continuance of a vacancy hath many times occa&s;ion'd in the Church. But what occa&s;ions long vacancies, and how far they are to be imputed to the interfering Intere&s;ts of tho&s;e temporal Princes, who think them&s;elves more nearly concern'd in the Election, is not our bu&s;ine&s;s here to determine: Only this &s;eems rationally deducible from their proceedings therein, that they would demean them&s;elves with a grea|ter indifference, as to the Election, were they le&s;s per&s;waded, that the Per&s;on once elected mu&s;t be acknowledg'd Supreme Pa&s;tor of the Catholick Church.</P>
<P>But in proce&s;s of time, through the
<PB N="4" REF="4">prudent provi&s;ions, which the Popes have made by their Con&s;titutions: things are reduc'd to a certain order, &s;o as that there is the le&s;s ground of fearing tho&s;e fatal Accidents, where|with the Church hath been but too much afflicted by &s;o many &s;chi&s;mes, mo&s;t of which have deriv'd their birth or growth from the long continuance of <HI>Conclaves.</HI> And the City of <HI>Rome</HI> &s;eems from that time to have attain'd a better con&s;titution, &s;o as not to be &s;ubject to any di&s;turbance during that <HI>Interregnum;</HI> of which it is the de&s;ign of this Di&s;cour&s;e to give a particular Account, by di&s;covering what is done, not only within the walls of <HI>Rome,</HI> but al&s;o tho&s;e of the <HI>Conclave</HI> it &s;elf, upon the occa&s;ion of a Vacancy in the See Apo&s;tolick, and repre&s;enting the Cere|monies ob&s;erved at the Exaltation of a Per&s;on to a &s;piritual Jurisdiction and Supremacy.</P>
<P>As &s;oon as the Pope hath &s;ubmitted to the Laws of Mortality by re&s;igning up his la&s;t breath, or &s;eems pa&s;t all hopes of recovery, the Cardinal <HI>Pa|trone,</HI>
<PB N="5" REF="4">who is ordinarily the <HI>Nephew,</HI> and entru&s;ted with the management of State-affairs, &s;ends an account of his condition to the &s;everal Cardinals and Emba&s;&s;adors: by the Prelates he di&s;|patches to them, and orders all the con|&s;iderable pri&s;oners to be remov'd out of the ordinary Pri&s;ons to the Ca&s;tle St. <HI>Angelo,</HI> in regard that immediately up|on the Pope's death the Senate and People of <HI>Rome</HI> &s;et open the pri&s;on-doors, and give liberty to all tho&s;e whom they there find in re&s;traint.</P>
<P>Soon after the Cardinals and Em|ba&s;&s;adors make their Vi&s;its to the <HI>Car|dinal Patrone,</HI> condoling the lo&s;s he hath received by the Pope's death; and if it happen that any of them be in the Pope's Antichamber, when he is rea|dy to expire, they are admitted into his chamber to &s;ee his departure, and to addre&s;s their prayers to God for him.</P>
<P>A&s;&s;oon as he is given over for dead the Cardinal's, and all the Officers, who had lodgings a&s;&s;ign'd them in the Palace, di&s;lodge them&s;elves and go to
<PB N="6" REF="5">their hou&s;es in the City, &s;ave only the Cardinal, who has the title of <HI>Cham|berlain,</HI> who&s;e priviledge it is to con|tinue &s;till in the Pope's appartment.</P>
<P>There are in the Sacred Colledge of Cardinals, (who&s;e number is by the Con&s;titution of <HI>Sixtus Quintus</HI> limited to &s;eventy) three principal Charges, which admit not of any vacancy upon the Pope's death, but only upon theirs who were po&s;&s;e&s;t thereof. Tho&s;e are that of <HI>Chancellour,</HI> (who yet a&s;&s;umes only the title and quality of <HI>Vice-Chan|cellour,</HI> though there be not any other Per&s;on above him) that of the Grand <HI>Penitentiary,</HI> and that of <HI>Chamber|lain.</HI></P>
<P>The Functions of the two former Charges are &s;ufficiently known by their Names; but the third is in its greate&s;t lu&s;tre during the vacancy of the See, though the per&s;on who is po&s;|&s;e&s;t of it be at all other times chief of the Chamber of Accompts and the Finances of the Holy See. But when, and as long as there is no Pope, he commands the <HI>Swi&s;&s;es</HI> of the Guard,
<PB N="7" REF="5">who had belong'd to the deceas'd, and they keep Guard about his Palace, and follow him up and down the City. He orders the coynage of money, on which there are engraven his own Armes under tho&s;e of the vacant See, which are two Keys cro&s;&s;ing one the o|ther under a Canopy. He has this further priviledge, to be pre&s;ent with the three Chiefs of the Order of the Cardinals, (that is to &s;ay, the <HI>Dean</HI> of the Sacred Colledge, the fir&s;t <HI>Cardinal-Prie&s;t,</HI> and the fir&s;t <HI>Cardinal-Deacon</HI>) in all the A&s;&s;emblies they &s;hall hold during the vacancy of the See, to ad|vi&s;e with them about the Affairs of the Church. It belongs al&s;o to the <HI>Cardinal-Chamberlain</HI> to &s;ee all things ordered relating to the <HI>Conclave,</HI> which he di&s;po&s;es to whom he thinks fit after the Election of a Pope.</P>
<P>The chief Officer of the <HI>Datary,</HI> the <HI>Secretaries,</HI> and all others who are in|tru&s;ted with Seals of any kind, which they had had from the deceas'd Pope, bring them immediately upon the fir&s;t news of his death to the Cardinal-<HI>Chamberlain,</HI>
<PB N="5" REF="6">who, in the pre&s;ence of the Auditor, and the Clerks of the Chamber (who are the Ma&s;ters of Ac|compts) and of the Grand Trea&s;urer (who is Surintendant of the Finances or Revenues) orders them to be broken, that no foul play or forgerie be done with them; And the <HI>Ring of the Fi&s;her,</HI> which is of Gold, and va|lu'd at about a hundred Crowns, after it is broken, belongs to the Ma&s;ters of the Ceremonies.</P>
<P>It is al&s;o incumbent on the &s;aid Car|dinal to &s;end notice at the &s;ame time to all the Cardinals, the Senate, and people of <HI>Rome,</HI> of the Pope's death, and the three Chiefs in point of Deno|mination (there being three different <HI>Cla&s;&s;es</HI> of Cardinals, according to the difference of their titles; to wit, &s;ix titles of <HI>Epi&s;copal</HI> Cardinals, fifty of <HI>Prie&s;thood,</HI> and fourteen <HI>Deaton</HI>-Cardi|nals) &s;end the like notice to all the o|ther Cardinals, to make their appear|ance in the Hall of the Con&s;i&s;tory that very Evening; or if that cannot be done with convenience the next mor|ning
<PB N="6" REF="6">to take order for all the Charges which &s;hall be vacant upon the Pope's death, and to appoint a Governour of the <HI>Conclave,</HI> and of St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s, which is the mo&s;t fortify'd Quarter of <HI>Rome,</HI> and wherein lie the Ca&s;tle of St. <HI>Angelo,</HI> the Church of St. <HI>Peter,</HI> and the <HI>Vatican</HI> Palace, and where the <HI>Conclave</HI> is or|dinarily kept; and they all go with the Roquet uncover'd, as a mark that the Sovereign Spiritual Authority is devolv'd into their hands, as having then no Superiours over them. Tho&s;e who are Creatures of the deceas'd Pope are clad in Violet, as are al&s;o the other Cardinals, but with this di|&s;tinction, that the borders and orna|ments of their garments are red.</P>
<P>In the mean time the Pope's Almo|ners, after they have wa&s;ht the Corps, cloath it with his Ca&s;&s;ock, his Ro|quet, his Camad, and his Caloth, and by a &s;ecret pair of &s;tairs convey it to the Chapel of <HI>Sixtus,</HI> which is in the Palace. There it is received by the Penitentiaries of St. <HI>Peter,</HI> who ve&s;t him &s;o as if he were going to cele|brate
<PB N="10" REF="7">Ma&s;s, &s;etting on his head a Mitre of cloth of Gold, with all the other Ornaments peculiar to this Ceremony; and among others the <HI>Pallium</HI> and <HI>Pan|nona,</HI> which none is to wear but on|ly the Pope in his Pontifical Habili|ments.</P>
<P>Being thus habited, they lay him on a Couch in the mid&s;t of the Chappel, with a &s;ilver Cro&s;s upon his brea&s;t, and two Cardinals Hats at his feet, repre|&s;enting his &s;piritual and temporal au|thority. Ordinarily, there are but a dozen Torches &s;et about the Corps, and no Canopy.</P>
<P>The Congregation of Cardinals be|ing ri&s;en, the Creatures of the de|ceas'd and his particular &s;ervants come into the Chapel; where, after they have &s;aid certain prayers for his &s;oul, the Canons of St. <HI>Peter</HI> make their entrance with their Cro&s;&s;es, with eve|ry one a wax candle in his hand, and taking the Corps they carry it into one of the Chapels of their Church, where it lies expos'd for the &s;pace of three days to the &s;ight of all the peo|ple,
<PB N="11" REF="7">who are admitted to ki&s;s his feet and hands.</P>
<P>After the expiration of tho&s;e three days, the &s;ame Canons, accompany'd by the Relations of the deceas'd (the Church-doors being &s;hut) di&s;po&s;e the Body into his Sepulchre, in ca&s;e he had ordered any to be made in his life|time; but if not, they cover it with plai&s;ter in &s;ome part of their &s;aid Church, till his Sepulchre be made ready, which the &s;ucceeding Pope, if he be a Creature of the deceas'd, does ordinarily cau&s;e to be made at his own charge, together with one for him&s;elf, in &s;uch Church as he &s;hall think fit to make choice of: Yet is it to be ob|&s;erved, that the Body is to continue a whole year depo&s;ited in the &s;aid Church of St. <HI>Peter;</HI> after which it may be buried any where el&s;e, and the Tran|&s;lation of it is celebrated with great pomp and magnificence; and they u&s;e in that Ceremony a particular Her&s;e|cloth embroidered, which the Clergy of St. <HI>Peter</HI> are oblig'd to get made for every Pope immediately after his E|lection,
<PB N="12" REF="8">Election, which Cloth is carefully laid up, during the life of the &s;aid Pope.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t day after the departure of any Pope being over, the Cardinals employ the mornings of the nine &s;ub|&s;equent days in having Dirges &s;ung for the repo&s;e of the &s;oul of the de|ceas'd; and on the ninth the Funeral-Oration is made; after which all the Cardinals come about the Quire be&s;et all with lights, under which there is a Bed of State, and five among them (of which number the Cardinal, who &s;ays Ma&s;s is one) with black <GAP DESC="blank"> on, having given holy-water and incen&s;e, &s;ay the Suffrages and accu|&s;tomed Prayers.</P>
<P>All the days next following the &s;aid Dirges of the &s;aid Cardinals meet in the Sacri&s;ty of St. <HI>Peter,</HI> to name the Officers of the <HI>Conclave,</HI> and to &s;ettle other affairs of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical State. The Emba&s;&s;adors make them proffers of the A&s;&s;i&s;tance of their Ma|&s;ters, in order to the &s;ecurity and free|dom of the <HI>Conclave.</HI> At their com|ing
<PB N="13" REF="8">in, they make a genuflexion, and &s;peak &s;tanding and cover'd; and at their departure thence they make the like genuflexion. The Hou&s;e of the <HI>Ur&s;ini,</HI> and that of the <HI>Colonni,</HI> as being the chiefe&s;t Hou&s;es of <HI>Rome,</HI> are al&s;o receiv'd into it, but kneeling and bare-headed. They pretend that they have a priviledge to offer with their own &s;ervice, that, of all the other <HI>Ro|man</HI> Princes and Lords. The&s;e latter on the contrary, (who&s;e Body is cal|led the <HI>Baronage</HI>) are not willing to acknowledge any dependence on the former two Hou&s;es, and ordinarily make choice of the mo&s;t ancient Per&s;on of their Body to make their <HI>Harangue.</HI> This Conte&s;t upon the death of <HI>Urban</HI> the Eighth, occa|&s;ion'd the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI> and the <HI>Colonni</HI> to forbear going at all, and yet the <HI>Baron|age</HI> was admitted to make proffers of their &s;ervice.</P>
<P>The ten days above-mentioned being expired, on the eleventh the Cardinals have a Dirge &s;ung at
<PB N="14" REF="9">St. <HI>Peters,</HI> one of them celebrating Ma&s;s in Honour of the Holy Gho&s;t, after which there is a Sermon preach'd, wherein they are exhorted to dive&s;t them&s;elves of all pa&s;&s;ion and &s;elf-intere&s;t in the Election they are to make of a good common Father of the Church. After which they make their entrance by way of Proce&s;&s;ion in|to the <HI>Conclave,</HI> the Mu&s;ick &s;inging the <HI>Veni Creator,</HI> and lay their Cro&s;&s;es in the Chapel <HI>Paulina.</HI> The Dean be|ing come up to the Altar &s;ays the Prayer, <HI>Deus qui corda fidelium:</HI> which ended, the Cardinals take the Oath ap|pointed for the ob&s;ervance of the Con|&s;titutions of former Popes concerning the Election of the new one. That done, every one goes to dinner in his own Apartment, which had been a&s;|&s;ign'd them in the Palace, for the preparing of their &s;u&s;tenance during their abode in the <HI>Conclave,</HI> they be|ing not permitted to come out of the Palace till they have cho&s;en a Pope.</P>
<P>All that day the Conclave lies open, to &s;atisfie the curio&s;ity of the people,
<PB N="15" REF="9">who are permitted during that time to vi&s;it it; and towards the Evening e|very one withdraws into his Cell, and about three or four hours after, the <HI>Cur&s;ors</HI> or <HI>Heralds</HI> put out the multi|tude, crying aloud <HI>Extra omnes.</HI> But the Emba&s;&s;adors, who had &s;pent the eleven days afore&s;aid in vi&s;iting all the Cardinals at their &s;everal Lodgings, come to &s;ee them once more in the <HI>Conclave;</HI> and as &s;oon as they are come out thence, (which they commonly do la&s;t of any) the chief Per&s;on of the Hou&s;e of the <HI>Savelli,</HI> as Hereditary Mar&s;hal of the Holy Church, locks the door of the Conclave, &s;ets a Guard at it, and hath an apartment adjoyning thereto, out of which he is not to &s;tir either night or day till there be a Pope cho&s;en. At the la&s;t Conclave, there aro&s;e a Conte&s;t between him and the Governour of the &s;aid <HI>Conclave</HI> a|bout the Keys of it; but they were ad|judg'd to the Prince <HI>Savelli,</HI> as having been in former times in the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of his Predece&s;&s;ors. The keeping of the Keys within the Conclave belongs
<PB N="16" REF="10">to the Cardinal-Chamberlain and the Ma&s;ter of the Ceremonies.</P>
<P>In the door of the <HI>Conclave</HI> there is a little &s;quare window, which may be &s;hut on both &s;ides within and without, and is not open'd, but only when Em|ba&s;&s;adors or &s;ome other Per&s;on of Quality brings &s;ome very important adverti&s;ement or intelligence to the &s;a|cred Colledge, and then they direct their Speech through the &s;aid Win|dow.</P>
<P>According to the Con&s;titution of <HI>Pius</HI> the Fourth every Cardinal may have two men with him to wait upon him in the <HI>Conclave;</HI> but Princes and the more ancient Cardinals may have three and no more: and the&s;e per&s;ons are called <HI>Conclavi&s;ts,</HI> who all joyning together oblige all the Cardinals to take an Oath for the Ob&s;ervance of their priviledges. Nor can any of the Cardinals balk the taking of the &s;aid Oath, out of a fear of the re|proach which might be made him of his de&s;ire to be Pope. Their Privi|ledges con&s;i&s;t in having ten thou&s;and
<PB N="17" REF="10">Crowns out of the Chamber, to be di|vided among them, and all the vacant Benefices, not exceeding two thou&s;and Crowns Revenue.</P>
<P>Moreover, it is further requi&s;ite, ac|cording to the fore&s;aid Con&s;titution of <HI>Pius</HI> the Fourth, that the <HI>Conclavi&s;ts</HI> be actually menial &s;ervants to the &s;aid Car|dinals at the vacancy of the Holy See, and that they had been in their &s;ervice for the &s;pace of a year before. With this further <HI>provi&s;o,</HI> that the Mini&s;ters of Princes, Per&s;ons po&s;&s;e&s;&s;'d of <GAP DESC="blank"> temporal Seigneu|ries, having the rights of the Admini|&s;tration of Ju&s;tice annex'd thereto, as al&s;o per&s;ons employ'd in Traffick and Commerce; and la&s;tly, the Brothers or Nephews of Cardinals, cannot be cho|&s;en by them for their <HI>Conclavi&s;ts,</HI> though they were their Dome&s;ticks, and re|ceiv'd wages or &s;alaries from them.</P>
<P>To this kind of per&s;ons there are added al&s;o two others, one for the &s;er|vice of the two Ma&s;ters of Ceremonies, and the other, for the Secretary of the Sacred Colledge. With this re&s;erva|tion
<PB N="18" REF="11">neverthele&s;s, that the &s;ervant of of the Ma&s;ters of the Ceremonies ought to be actually a Dome&s;tick of one of them, and have been &s;uch for the &s;pace of &s;ix months before: which condition is in like manner requi&s;ite in the &s;ervant to the Secretary of the Colledge of Cardi|nals.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the Cardinals and their <HI>Con|clavi&s;ts,</HI> the two <HI>Ma&s;ters</HI> of <HI>Ceremonies,</HI> the <HI>Secretary</HI> of the Colledge, and their &s;ervants there are al&s;o &s;hut up in the <HI>Conclave</HI> a <HI>Penitentiary,</HI> to receive Con|fe&s;&s;ions, and re&s;olve &s;uch Ca&s;es of Con&s;cience as may be propos'd to him; as al&s;o a <HI>Sacri&s;tan,</HI> with a Chaplain to a&s;&s;i&s;t him in the &s;ervice of the Sacri&s;ty, a <HI>Phy&s;ician,</HI> an <HI>Apothecary,</HI> and a <HI>Chy|rurgeon,</HI> with one or two &s;ervants, and the Drugs and Medicines requi&s;ite for the relief and accommodation of the indi&s;pos'd; a Carpenter, a Ma&s;on, and about twenty Porters or &s;ervants of the meane&s;t &s;ort, to be employed in the carrying of wood, &s;weeping the Cham|bers and the &s;treets of the Conclave,
<PB N="19" REF="11">and to what other &s;ervices may be ne|ce&s;&s;ary within. All the&s;e Officers and Servants are cho&s;en by the Cardinals by plurality of voices, and are not to be taken out of the hou&s;es of any of the &s;aid Cardinals, and their Salaries are paid out of the Chamber.</P>
<P>A&s;&s;oon as they have clear'd the Con|clave of all tho&s;e per&s;ons, whom ei|ther their curio&s;ity or &s;ome other occa|&s;ion had brought thither, the Emba&s;&s;a|dors al&s;o being retir'd, and the door lockt on the out-&s;ide by the Mar&s;hal of the Conclave, who has the Keys of it, and is to &s;ee it guarded, the three Cardinals, Chiefs of the three dif|ferent Cla&s;&s;es, accompany'd by the Cardinal-Chamberlain, and one of the Ma&s;ters of Ceremonies, who have the cu&s;tody of the Keyes within, (as hath been ob&s;erv'd already) to with Torches all about the Conclave, vi&s;iting all parts of it, to &s;ee if there be any there who ought not to be, and whether the &s;hutting up of the Conclave be per|formed according to the Con&s;titutions.
<PB N="20" REF="12">And the next day, immediately after dinner, there is a review taken of all the <HI>Conclavi&s;ts</HI> and <HI>Servants</HI> in the Chapel, out of which they are order|ed to go one after another, to be exa|min'd, whether they have the quali|fications requi&s;ite for their admi&s;&s;ion, as al&s;o whether they exceed not the number appointed by the &s;aid Con&s;ti|tutions.</P>
<P>But, before we come to a particular Account of what pa&s;&s;es among the Cardinals in the Conclave, it will not be ami&s;s to &s;ay &s;omewhat of what is done in the mean time, in reference to the Government of the City.</P>
<P>Upon the News &s;pread abroad of the Pope's death, the Senate and People of <HI>Rome,</HI> (that is to &s;ay, the Con&s;uls of the City) being a&s;&s;embled in the Capi|tal, cau&s;e it to be publi&s;h'd through all the &s;treets by beat of drum, order the pri&s;on-doors to be open'd, and &s;et at liberty all they find in re&s;traint, thereby &s;ignifying that the Jurisdiction of <HI>Rome</HI> during the Vacancy of the Holy See, is devoted to them. They order
<PB N="21" REF="12">all the Inhabitants to keep a candle lighted at their Window during all that night, and enjoyn the Captains of the &s;everal Wards or Quarters, (who&s;e Companies con&s;i&s;t of men, whom the Inhabitants of all Ranks and Orders, (excepting only both the <HI>Roman</HI> and <HI>Foreign</HI> Nobility) are oblig'd to fur|ni&s;h them withal, to the number of one for every Hou&s;e with their Armes) to keep &s;trict Guards day and night, eve|ry one in their Lodgings, and to take their &s;everal rounds and <HI>paetronilles,</HI> to prevent the di&s;orders which are many times very great, proceeding hence, that &s;uch as have been hardly or inju|riou&s;ly dealt with, during the prece|dent Papacies, do for the mo&s;t part de|fer their re&s;entments thereof to the next vacant See; &s;o that it happens many Murthers and A&s;&s;a&s;&s;inations may be committed. Not but that Ju&s;tice is very &s;everely admini&s;tred at that time, and with greater expediti|on, then at any other; but if the Mur|therers and other mi&s;chievous per&s;ons be not &s;urpriz'd in the very Facts, and
<PB N="22" REF="13">can make a &s;hift to ab&s;cond them&s;elves and keep out of the way till the Cre|ation of a new Pope, they return to their habitations as if they had com|mitted tho&s;e crimes in &s;ome other Countrey.</P>
<P>All the Cardinals, Emba&s;&s;adors, Princes and Lords about <HI>Rome</HI> rai&s;e Souldiers for the guarding of their Pa|laces and their Hou&s;es, and they among the Cardinals who have any preten&s;i|ons to the Papacy are more careful in this particular then the others, by rea|&s;on of the priviledge the people a&s;&s;ume to them&s;elves of pillaging them a&s;&s;oon as they are cho&s;en.</P>
<P>There pa&s;&s;es not a day without &s;ome Proce&s;&s;ions, which from all Churches and Mona&s;teries take their way to St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s, and about the <HI>Conclave,</HI> &s;inging as they go the Hymn <HI>Veni Creator,</HI> to implore the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of the Holy Gho&s;t and its In&s;pirations upon the Cardinals.</P>
<P>The <HI>Conclave</HI> con&s;i&s;ts ordinarily of three Galleries, and twenty five or thirty withdrawing-rooms or Cham|bers,
<PB N="23" REF="13">all of a floor, from the <HI>Vatican</HI>-Palace of equal height with the Gal|lerie which is over the Portal of St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s, which is the ordinary place of the Benediction given by the Pope to the people after his Coronation, and upon the great Fe&s;tivals of the year: Which Gallery makes al&s;o part of the Conclave. In all which Galleries, rooms and chambers, they make parti|tions of boards for &s;o many Cells as there are Cardinals. Every Cardinal hath a Cell a&s;&s;ign'd him about five pa|ces in length, and about four in bredth, with a little wardrobe proportionable thereto. The Cells are taken by lot, and every Cardinal is to take that the number whereof he finds in his lot: and whereas it happens that the Cardinals are not all of them, during the whole time, confin'd within the Conclave, ei|ther upon the account of &s;ickne&s;s or ab|&s;ence, the Cells which are not taken up are divided among the next neighbors, who make this advantage only of the ab&s;ence or indi&s;po&s;ition of others, that their rooms are &s;omwhat enlarg'd therby;
<PB N="24" REF="14">but the ab&s;ent or &s;ick Cardinals, re|turning into the Conclave, rea&s;&s;ume their Cells, and &s;o oblige tho&s;e who had made u&s;e of them to content them&s;elves with their own divi&s;i|ons.</P>
<P>They among the Cardinals, who were Creatures of the deceas'd Pope, hang their Cells within and without with Cloth or Serge of a violet co|lour, and the others with green Serge, all &s;etting up their Armes over their doors, which they make fa&s;t only with two &s;taves cro&s;&s;ing one the other after the form of a St. <HI>Andrews</HI> Cro&s;s. The Officers and Servants of the Conclave have their quarters a&s;&s;ign'd them in &s;ome remote part.</P>
<P>At three or four avenues of the &s;aid Conclave, there are Turning-Boxes, like tho&s;e in the Mona&s;teries of Nuns, through which the meat &s;ent in to the Cardinals and their <HI>Conclavi&s;ts</HI> is re|ceived. Their Partizans and Servants at|tend their meat as they were wont to do their per&s;ons when they were at li|berty.</P>
<PB N="25" REF="14">
<P>Before the entrance of the Cardi|nals into the <HI>Conclave,</HI> there is a Li&s;t taken of all the Prelates then about the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> and the Governour of it appoints every day, two in the morning, and as many in the afternoon, every one in his rank, to be pre&s;ent at the &s;aid Turning-Boxes, to vi&s;it and ob&s;erve whatever is &s;ent in to the Car|dinals, to prevent the &s;ending in of Letters or Notes with the meat. They are al&s;o to hinder all per&s;ons from &s;peaking to them or their <HI>Conclavi&s;ts</HI> at the &s;aid Boxes, unle&s;s they &s;peak a|loud, and in the <HI>Italian</HI> or <HI>Latin</HI> Tongue, that every one may under|&s;tand what is &s;aid; ina&s;much as by the <HI>Con&s;titutions,</HI> it is matter of Ex|communication to talk of, or to en|quire what is done within the <HI>Con|clave.</HI></P>
<P>But notwith&s;tanding all the caution and vigilance us'd as to this particular, yet cannot &s;ome abu&s;es be prevented; and people come to know what pa&s;&s;es there. This happens &s;ometimes by the way of Notes or Adverti&s;ements in
<PB N="26" REF="15">writing, which they find means to get in, either by the connivance of &s;ome Prelates, who are unwilling to di&s;ob|lige the Crowns and Princes, who&s;e Partizans they are, as they think they &s;hould do, by ob&s;tructing their having intelligence of what pa&s;&s;es. Some|times al&s;o this is attributed to the Cardinals them&s;elves, who do it to promote their different engagements and affections, or to prevent prejudi|cing their hopes, or that their precau|tions are really eluded. Another way yet, where there may be a di&s;covery made of proceedings in the <HI>Conclave,</HI> is, a &s;ecret kind of language before|hand, &s;tudied and agreed upon be|tween the <HI>Conclavi&s;ts,</HI> and their Cor|re&s;pondents, whereof they make their advantages when occa&s;ion &s;erves, comprehending under the &s;uppo&s;iti|ons termes of hou&s;hold-&s;tuffe, Relati|ons, or dome&s;tick Affairs, concerning which they enquire News, the Names of &s;uch Cardinals as are propos'd, or excluded, or that &s;tand fair for the Papal dignity; and &s;o by di&s;guiz'd
<PB N="27" REF="15">di&s;cour&s;es, and an affected Jargon appli|cable to divers &s;en&s;es, di&s;clo&s;ing what is mo&s;t &s;ecretly carried on in the <HI>Conclave.</HI></P>
<P>Yet is there not any thing to be ob|jected again&s;t the &s;hutting up of the Conclave, &s;ince it is done with all the exactne&s;s imaginable. For the Chim|neys are clo&s;e done up at the tops, and the windows of all the rooms and Gal|leries are in like manner &s;top'd to with|in a foot of the upper part, which &s;mall di&s;tance is clos'd with cour&s;e linen cloth, whereby a little light comes in; but &s;o that if the Cardinals have any occa&s;ion to write or read, they mu&s;t al|ways have a wax-candle &s;tanding by them. And thence it proceeds, that not receiving any &s;upplies of fre&s;h air from without, and that within being many times infected and corrupted, they are apt to fall &s;ick, e&s;pecially when the <HI>Conclaves</HI> are of long continuance.</P>
<P>The twelfth day after the Pope's death (the fir&s;t, as hath bin already ob&s;erv'd be|ing &s;pent in conveying the Body into one of the Chapels of St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s Church, and the nine &s;ub&s;equent days in celebrating
<PB N="28" REF="16">Ob&s;equies and &s;inging Dirges for the &s;oul of the deceas'd, and holding the ordinary Congregations at the end of the &s;aid Dirges; and the eleventh, in the Cardinals taking po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Conclave,</HI> which for all that day lies open to &s;atisfie the curio&s;ity of the people, who come not out of it till three or four houres after night) all the Cardinals re&s;ident about the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> having &s;hut them&s;elves up in the <HI>Conclave,</HI> ina&s;much as by the Con&s;titu|tion of <HI>Gregory</HI> XV. there can be no warrantable proceeding to the Electi|on, till the &s;hutting up of the Con|clave be compleated, and acknow|ledg'd &s;uch by a publick Act, which is made thereof at the reque&s;t of the Ma&s;ter of the Ceremonies: All the&s;e things being thus order'd in the mor|ning of the &s;aid twelfth day, before they apply them&s;elves to any thing concerning the Election, the three Car|dinals, Chiefs of the &s;everal Orders, and the Cardinal <HI>Chamberlain</HI> give a Commi&s;&s;ion to &s;ome within, to take an exact Survey of all parts of the Con|clave,
<PB N="29" REF="16">to &s;ee that it is clo&s;e and well &s;hut up of all &s;ides. Which if they find accordingly, after they have made their report thereof to the Com|pany, it is form'd into an Authentick Act, the &s;ub&s;tance whereof amounts to this, That the Conclave is clo&s;e and &s;hut up, as it is requir'd it &s;hould be by the Con&s;titutions, and account|ed and reputed &s;uch by the Sacred Col|ledge of Cardinals. And this Cere|mony is &s;o e&s;&s;ential, and of &s;o ab&s;o|lute nece&s;&s;ity, that there would be a nullity in the Election, which &s;hould be made without this precedent Act. And as long as there is no Declaration contrary to that of the &s;hutting up of the Conclave, that is, till &s;uch time as it &s;hall have been declared by the Suf|frages of two Thirds of the Cardinals, that there is an overture of the &s;aid Conclave, it is always accounted and reputed duly &s;hut up; And the Ele|ction which might be made after the publication of the Clo&s;ure, cannot be di&s;puted as to nullity, under pretence of any overture hapning afterwards, if
<PB N="31" REF="17">the Declaration of the Overture had not been made with the advice of two thirds of the Colledge of Cardinals.</P>
<P>The Cardinals are permitted to hold their capitulary A&s;&s;emblies or Congre|gations, to agree among them&s;elves upon certain Articles, before they en|gage upon the bu&s;ine&s;s of the Election. The&s;e Articles are to be &s;ign'd by all, even tho&s;e which concern the privileges of the <HI>Conclavi&s;ts</HI> heretofore mention|ed, before or after their entrance into the Conclave, provided always that the Election be not retarded thereby.</P>
<P>There is al&s;o a further examination made, before they fall upon any thing touching the Election, whether among the Cardinals there be any one that hath not receiv'd the order of Deacon, to the end he might not be admitted to give his voice, ina&s;much as he is ex|cluded by the Con&s;titution of <HI>Pius</HI> IV. unle&s;s he had obtain'd permi&s;&s;ion in writing from the deceas'd Pope to do it. Nay, it hath &s;ometimes heretofore come into debate, whether a Cardinal, on whom &s;ilence had been impo&s;'d be|fore
<PB N="30" REF="17">the Pope's death, could give his Suffrage for the Election of another Pope? But this que&s;tion was decided by <HI>Pius</HI> V. who, by the Decretal of <HI>January</HI> 26. 1571. declar'd, that that impo&s;ition of &s;ilence was only a Ce|remony introduc'd only to keep the Cardinals in a certain advertency (be|fore they were admitted to give their voices and Suffrages, as the Con&s;i&s;to|ries and Congregations wherein they were to a&s;&s;i&s;t) of that mode&s;ty and re&s;ervedne&s;s, which they were oblig'd to expre&s;s in tho&s;e and all other Acts, but not to deprive them of their power and principal function, which con&s;i&s;ts in the Election of a Pope. And this Con&s;titution hath ever-&s;ince been in|violably ob&s;erv'd.</P>
<P>The &s;hutting up of the Conclave intro|duc'd at the Council of <HI>Lyons,</HI> by the con|&s;titution of <HI>Greg.</HI> X. 1274. having ther|fore bin duly acknowledg'd and verifi'd, the Cardinals (being adverti&s;'d by the ringing of a Bell to re&s;ort to the Chapel <HI>Paulina,</HI> which is within the compa&s;s of the Conclave, if not diverted by &s;ickne&s;s)
<PB N="32" REF="18">on the very morning of the twelfth day, go to hear Ma&s;s, and communi|cate, as they are oblig'd to do, and im|mediately after ought to proceed to the Election. Which Election, at the pre&s;ent, by the Con&s;titution of <HI>Gregory</HI> XV. confirmed by another &s;ince of <HI>Ur|ban</HI> VIII. cannot be made, otherwi&s;e then by one of the&s;e three formes and manners following; to wit, either by way of <HI>In&s;piration,</HI> or by <HI>Compromi&s;e;</HI> or la&s;tly, by <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s;</HI> all which it is but requi&s;ite that we expli|cate, and make as intelligible as may be, that it may be the more ea&s;ily com|prehen&s;ible, with what extraordinary circum&s;pection and wi&s;e precautions they are guided, in an affair of &s;o high con&s;equence.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t means or method of choo|&s;ing the Pope, which they call the way of <HI>In&s;piration;</HI> or as it is expre&s;t by the Sacred Canons <HI>As-it-were-by-In&s;pi|ration,</HI> is, when all the Cardinals in ge|neral, and every one in particular, with a common voice, as being in|&s;pir'd by the Holy Gho&s;t, are unani|mou&s;ly
<PB N="33" REF="18">agreed, without any one con|tradicting it, and without any prece|dent particular treaty, and do freely concur to the acknowledging and pro|claiming of &s;uch a per&s;on Pope. Con|cerning which manner of Election we are to ob&s;erve the following Circum|&s;tances, which are nece&s;&s;arily requi|&s;ite by the <HI>Gregorian</HI> Con&s;titution, which is a perfect Directory, as to the ways of proceeding at Elections, and ob|&s;erv'd at pre&s;ent without any contradi|ction.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The fir&s;t circum&s;tance is, that this kind of Election cannot be allowably made any where but in the Conclave, and that after the publication of its be|ing duly &s;hut up.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;econd is, that this Election is to be made by all in general, by eve|ry one of the Cardinals in particular, who are pre&s;ent in the Conclave, by a common Suffrage, and without contra|diction from any one.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The third circum&s;tance is, that there mu&s;t not have been any precedent Pro|po&s;al, or particular Treaty, in reference
<PB N="34" REF="19">to a choice to be made by this kind of way, which ought to be clearly ex|pre&s;t by this word <HI>Eligo,</HI> I chu&s;e, pro|nounc'd with a loud and intelligible voice, or, for want of pronunciation, to be expre&s;ly &s;et down in writing.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The Roman Ceremonial gives an in&s;tance of an Election, which might be allowably made by this kind of way, which brought in hither will render the bu&s;ine&s;s more clear.</P>
<P>It is &s;aid in the forementioned Cere|monial, that if any one of the Car|dinals, after publication of the &s;hutting of the Conclave, (there having not been any precedent particular treaty about the per&s;on whom he would pro|po&s;e) &s;hould &s;ay, for example, in a full Chapel, addre&s;&s;ing his &s;peech to the whole Sacred Colledge, <HI>My Lords, ha|ving always ob&s;erv'd the rare and excel|lent Qualifications and Vertues of my Lord the Cardinal</HI> N. <HI>and having an e|&s;teem for his remarkable Integrity, it is my judgement that we cannot make choice of a worthier &s;ubject to be Pope, and thereupon I from this pre&s;ent give him
<PB N="35" REF="19">my Suffrage, and chu&s;e him for Pope.</HI> And that afterwards all the Cardinals, with one voice, without excepting any one, being of the &s;ame opinion, and all of them intelligibly pronouncing one after another the &s;ame word, <HI>I chu&s;e him;</HI> or not being able to pronounce it, &s;etting it down in writing, that per|&s;on would be canonically. cho&s;en, and acknowledg'd for a true and legitimate Pope, by that way which they call of <HI>In&s;piration,</HI> or <HI>As-it-were-by-In&s;piration;</HI> which in regard it is immediately at|tended by Adoration, is thence com|monly called the way of Adora|tion.</P>
<P>The &s;econd manner of proceeding in the Election of the Pope, is the way of <HI>Compromi&s;e,</HI> which is, when the Car|dinals, either immediately after their entrance into the Conclave, or wea|ried out with its long continuance, refer them&s;elves to one or more among them, whom they empower to make provi&s;ion, in the name of all, of a com|mon Father to the Catholick Church.
<PB N="36" REF="20">And this kind of Election is practis'd conformably to the <HI>Gregorian</HI> Bull, and the conditions and provi&s;ions contain'd therein, which may al&s;o be reduced to three.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The fir&s;t is, that all the Cardinals in general, and every one in particular, who are pre&s;ent in the Conclave, not one contradicting or oppo&s;ing it, ought to make a <HI>Compromi&s;e</HI> in writing, whereby they inve&s;t tho&s;e per&s;ons whom they take for <HI>Compromi&s;&s;aries</HI> with an ab&s;olute power and faculty to make provi&s;ion of a Pa&s;tor for the Holy <HI>Roman</HI> Church, yet with an ob|&s;ervance of the forme, as al&s;o the Clau|&s;es and conditions in&s;erted and expre&s;s'd in the <HI>Compromi&s;e,</HI> and to do it with|in the time pre&s;crib'd thereby: the &s;aid Cardinals, promi&s;ing to acknowledge and account the per&s;on, whom the <HI>Compromi&s;&s;aries</HI> &s;hall have thus cho&s;en, according to the extent of that power which had been granted them by the <HI>Compromi&s;e,</HI> the true and lawful Pope.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;econd circum&s;tance is, that it is not permitted any one of the <HI>Com|promi&s;&s;aries</HI>
<PB N="37" REF="20">&s;hould give him&s;elf his own voice, otherwi&s;e his Election &s;hould be null.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The third condition is, that the <HI>Com|promi&s;&s;aries</HI> are oblig'd twice every day to a&s;&s;emble, in order to their conferring together, and promoting the execution of the <HI>Compromi&s;e;</HI> in the morning im|mediately after the hearing of Ma&s;s, and in the Evening after the recitation of the Hymn <HI>Veni Creator Spiritus,</HI> and the Prayer of the <HI>Holy Gho&s;t,</HI> to implore its illuminations upon them. But be|fore they fall upon any thing of bu&s;i|ne&s;s, they are wont to make this Pro|te&s;tation precedent thereto, <HI>That they would not be under&s;tood to give their con|&s;ent by all &s;orts of words or expre&s;sions which might fall from them in the heat of the Debate, if they do not expre&s;ly &s;et it down in writing.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>When they have ab&s;olutely agreed upon the choice of any per&s;on, and have propos'd him as &s;uch to the Sacred College, he is to be immediately ac|knowledg'd as true Pope, and Canoni|cally elected.</P>
<PB N="38" REF="21">
<P>The&s;e two ways of <HI>In&s;piration</HI> and <HI>Compromi&s;e</HI> are not now much in u&s;e; but the way of <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> or of <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> joyned together, is the mo&s;t ordinarily practis'd, wherein there are many Ceremonies to be ob&s;er|ved.</P>
<P>For the Election of a Pope by this la&s;t way, it is requi&s;ite, according to the Con&s;titution of <HI>Alexander</HI> the Third, in the Year of our Lord M C LXXX. made at the Council of <HI>Lateran,</HI> that there &s;hould be two thirds of the voices of the Cardinals; which hath been confirm'd by &s;ub&s;equent Bulls, and in our Age by tho&s;e of <HI>Gregory</HI> XV. and <HI>Urban</HI> VIII. And it is further requi&s;ite, that in the two thirds of the Voices, that of the Cardinal cho&s;en be not included, ina&s;much as there is a prohibition upon pain of nullity of Election for any one to chu&s;e him&s;elf, or give him|&s;elf his own voice.</P>
<P>They are oblig'd twice every day to take the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and the <HI>Acce&s;s;</HI> in the morning, after Ma&s;s; and in the E|vening,
<PB N="39" REF="21">after the Hymn <HI>Veni Creator Spiritus,</HI> and the Prayer of the <HI>Holy Gho&s;t,</HI> which are &s;aid in the Chapel <HI>Paulina,</HI> at which the Cardinals are oblig'd to be pre&s;ent, if not detain'd by indi&s;po&s;ition, immediately after the third ringing of the Bell.</P>
<P>There is a great &s;ecrecy to be ob|&s;erv'd in the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> and the manner of proceeding therein may be reduc'd to three principal actions. The fir&s;t is the previous or <HI>Fore-Scru|tiny;</HI> the &s;econd, that of <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s;</HI> and the third, that of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny,</HI> or what follows the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> a&s;&s;oon as they are compleated.</P>
<P>The particular explication of the&s;e three different actions will give us a fuller comprehen&s;ion of this way of <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> and give us to under&s;tand what it is, by di&s;tingui&s;h|ing them as they are found explicated in the <HI>Roman</HI> Ceremonial.</P>
<P>The <HI>Fore-Scrutiny</HI> may be di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd into five principal Acts: the preparation of the <HI>Billets</HI> for the
<PB N="40" REF="22"><HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s;</HI> the taking out by <HI>lots,</HI> the names of the <HI>Scrutators</HI> and <HI>Deputies,</HI> who are to collect the Suf|frages of &s;uch as are indi&s;pos'd; that of <HI>writing</HI> them in the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> that of <HI>folding</HI> them, and that of <HI>&s;eal|ing</HI> them.</P>
<P>The Ma&s;ters of the Ceremonies are the per&s;ons who take care for the pre|paration of the <HI>Billets,</HI> which they cau&s;e to be printed according to the forme hereafter &s;et down, as well for the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> as <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI> They put them into two Ba&s;ins upon a Table before the Altar; tho&s;e of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> by them&s;elves in one of the Ba&s;ins, and tho&s;e of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> in the other; in num|ber &s;o many as there are Cardinals.</P>
<P>The Figure of the <HI>Billet</HI> of the <HI>Scru|tiny</HI> is &s;uch, that the length exceeds the bredth. It is about a hands bredth in length, and about half as broad. The out|&s;ide of the <HI>Billet</HI> comprehends three things; in the upper part of it are writ|ten the&s;e words, <HI>Ego Cardinalis,</HI> with as much di&s;tance between the one and the other, as may be requi&s;ite for the &s;et|ting
<PB N="41" REF="22">down of the Cardinal's name who gives his voice, and a little lower there are two little Circles denoting the pla|ces where the Seal is to be &s;et.</P>
<P>In the mid&s;t of the <HI>Billet</HI> are imprint|ed the&s;e words, <HI>Eligo in &s;ummum Pontifi|cem Reverendi&s;&s;imum D. meum, D. Cardina|lem-</HI> I chu&s;e for Supream Bi&s;hop the mo&s;t Reverend Lord, my Lord Cardinal.&mdash;</P>
<P>In the third and lowe&s;t part of the Billet are in like manner imprinted two little Circles, denoting al&s;o the pla|ces of the Seal, and all the re&s;t is blank.</P>
<P>The form and figure of the <HI>Billets</HI> for the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> is in all re&s;pects like that of the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> &s;ave only that in the mid&s;t of them, in &s;tead of the&s;e words <HI>[Eligo in &s;ummum Pontifi|cem Reverendi&s;&s;imum D. meum, D. Cardi|nalem]</HI> the&s;e are in&s;erted, <HI>Accedo Reve|rendi&s;&s;imo D. meo, D. Cardinali,</HI> that is to &s;ay, I give again my voice to my mo&s;t Reverend Lord my Lord Cardinal. But the&s;e things will be more ea&s;ily com|prehended by exhibiting here the fi|gures of the <HI>Billets.</HI></P>
<PB N="42" REF="23">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>The Figure of the Out-&s;ide of the Billet of the Scrutiny.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Ego Card.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Eligo in &s;ummum Pontificem Rm. D. meum D. Cardin.</HI></P>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="43" REF="23">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>The Figure of the Out-&s;ide of the Billet of Acce&s;s.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Ego Card.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Accedo Rev. rendi&s;&s;. D. m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">o Card.</HI></P>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="44" REF="24">
<P>Upon the other &s;ide of the <HI>Billets,</HI> as well tho&s;e of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> as tho&s;e of the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> there are imprinted certain Bordures, or Flouri&s;hes, one about the mid&s;t of the upper part of the Billet, upon which is written the word <HI>Nomen;</HI> and the other in like manner in the mid&s;t of the lower part, upon which is al&s;o written the word <HI>Signa.</HI> The Flouri&s;hes were invented purpo&s;ely to render the Paper the more ob&s;cure, and that the names and &s;ignes of the Car|dinals Electors might not be perceiv'd through it: which will al&s;o be more ea&s;ily under&s;tood by an in&s;pection of the Figure here annexed.</P>
<PB N="45" REF="24">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>The Figure of the other &s;ide of the Billets of the Scrutiny and Acce&s;s.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Nomen.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Signa.</HI></P>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="46" REF="25">
<P>The &s;econd Act of the <HI>Fore-Scruti|ny</HI> is, that of drawing by lot, the names of the Scrutators and the Infirmaries, who are the Cardinals appointed to go to the Cells of &s;uch as are indi&s;pos'd, and there to take their Suffrages, which is done in this manner. There are put into a pur&s;e as many little Bullets or Balls, hol'd through the middle, about the bigne&s;s of Beads, as there are Car|dinals in the Conclave, with their Names written in little &s;nips of Parch|ment roll'd up, and thru&s;t through the holes in the little Bullets, which the Ma&s;ters of the Ceremonies take care to provide, as they do the <HI>Bil|lets.</HI> As they are put into the pur&s;e they are counted all one after another, in the pre&s;ence of the Cardinals, and then after they have been well &s;haken together, the la&s;t of the Deacon-Car|dinals draws three out of the pur&s;e, and they who&s;e names are found in them are cho&s;en for <HI>Scrutators,</HI> accord|ing to the order wherein they are drawn out of the pur&s;e. Then they draw out three others for the <HI>Infir|maries</HI>
<PB N="47" REF="25">or <HI>Deputies,</HI> who are to go to &s;uch as are &s;ick. And that done, the little Bullets are return'd into the pur&s;e. Twice a day, that is, in the morning and afternoon before the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> there is an Election made of the &s;aid Offi|cers. But if it happen that they draw the names of any of the Cardinals that are &s;ick, or cannot by rea&s;on of &s;ome other impediment acquit them&s;elves of the function of the &s;aid charges of <HI>Scrutators</HI> and <HI>Infirmaries,</HI> there are o|thers drawn in their &s;tead.</P>
<P>The third Act of the <HI>Fore-Scru|tiny</HI> con&s;i&s;ts in &s;etting down what is to be written in the <HI>Billets,</HI> and in the filling of them by the Cardinals with their own names, and the name of the Cardinal to whom they give their Suffrages, and their Signets. To do this, every Cardinal, accord|ing to his rank, beginning with the Dean or mo&s;t ancient, goes and takes out of the Ba&s;in where|in the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> are &s;tanding upon the Altar one Billet,
<PB N="48" REF="26" MS="y">and thereupon retiring into one of the two or three little Desks or Seats prepa|red for that purpo&s;e, and furni&s;hed with Pen and Ink in the midde&s;t of it, or to &s;ome other part of the Chapel, &s;o ex|pos'd to the &s;ight of all, that they may ea&s;ily &s;ee him writing, but not di&s;cern what is written; and taking his &s;eat prepar'd al&s;o near the Desk, he fills up his Billet thus; in the upper part he writes between the&s;e words <HI>[Ego <GAP DESC="blank"> Cardinalis]</HI> his own name; in the mid&s;t of it he in&s;erts the name of him to whom he gives his voice, with &s;ome difference and di&s;gui&s;e of chara|cter as much as he can, according to the Bull of <HI>Gregory</HI> XV. that it may not be known by the writing: and in the lower part of the Billet is written &s;ome cer|tain number in figures, according to his own phan&s;ie, with &s;ome &s;entence out of the holy Scripture, or &s;omewhat of that nature. The figure of a Billet fill'd up will render what we have &s;aid more manife&s;t to the eye.</P>
<PB N="49" REF="26">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>The Figure of the Out-&s;ide of the Billet of the Scrutiny.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Ego Fra.</HI> Card. <HI>Barb.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Eligo in &s;ummum Pontificem Rm D. meun D. Card Ca pineum.</HI></P>
<P>10 <HI>In manibus tuis &s;ortes meae.</HI></P>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="50" REF="27">
<P>The <HI>folding</HI> of the <HI>Billets</HI> is the fourth Act of the <HI>Fore-Scrutiny:</HI> It is no hard matter to comprehend how it is done. By the fold which is made of the Bill<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">t, in the upper part of it, the corners whereof are to be turn'd down upon the marks of the Seal, the name of the Cardinal Elector is co|ver'd. In like manner, by the folding which is made of the lower part of the Billet, the corners whereof are al&s;o to be laid over the marks of the Seal, the Signes are likewi&s;e cover'd. After the&s;e two foldings, they fold it &s;o often as is requi&s;ite to reduce it to the bredth of an Inch or thereabouts.</P>
<P>There remains yet the la&s;t Act of the <HI>Fore-Scrutiny,</HI> which con&s;i&s;ts in <HI>&s;ealing</HI> the <HI>Billets,</HI> the form whereof is as ea&s;ily conceivable, as that of the precedent folding. Every Cardinal before his entrance into the Conclave, mu&s;t have furni&s;ht him&s;elf with a Seal, unknown to the others, purpo&s;ely grav'd for this occa&s;ion, containing &s;ome fancy or character, or &s;imple-fi|gure, the impre&s;&s;ion whereof may be
<PB N="51" REF="27">ea&s;ily perceiv'd. With this Seal the Cardinal makes an Impre&s;&s;ion on the back of the Billet, at the places de&s;ign'd by the little Circles, on which the Ma&s;ters of the Cere|monies, before the putting of the <HI>Bil|lets</HI> into the Ba&s;ins, had claqt little bits of red wax.</P>
<P>The&s;e things thus perform'd, the Cardinals proceed to the &s;econd princi|pal Action called the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> which the Ceremonial hath di&s;tingui&s;h'd in|to eight particular Acts. The&s;e are, the <HI>carrying</HI> of the <HI>Billets</HI> to the Altar; The taking of the <HI>Oath,</HI> The putting of the <HI>Billets</HI> into the <HI>Chalice</HI> prepar'd for the reception of them; The mixture which is there|upon made thereof; The <HI>numbring</HI> of the <HI>Billets;</HI> The <HI>Publication</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny;</HI> The <HI>Filing</HI> of the <HI>Billets;</HI> And the <HI>laying</HI> of them a|&s;ide, either upon &s;ome part of the Altar, or upon the Desks of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> or in an empty Cha|lice.</P>
<PB N="52" REF="28">
<P>The carrying of the Billets to the Altar, the taking of the Oath, and the putting of the <HI>Billets</HI> into the Chalice, are three acts, &s;o con&s;equent one to the other, that it is no hard matter to make a joynt imagination of them. And to that end, pre&s;uppo&s;ing that every Cardinal hath at the Desk (as afore&s;aid) fill'd up the <HI>Billet</HI> of the Scrutiny with his own name, the name of him, to whom he gives his voice, and the or|dinary &s;ignes, that he hath folded it, and &s;eal'd it, according to the prece|dent explication, he takes the &s;aid Bil|let with the two fore-fingers of the right hand, he carries it openly up to the Altar, where the <HI>Scrutators</HI> are &s;tanding at the Desk, which had been there prepar'd for them; and being come thither, he falls down on his knees, and makes a &s;hort prayer; af|ter which, ri&s;ing up, with a loud and intelligible voice, he takes the Oath according to the forme, wherein it is tran&s;crib'd in a Table upon the Altar, in the&s;e termes, <HI>Te&s;tor Chri&s;tum Domi|num, qui me judicaturus e&s;t, me eligere,
<PB N="53" REF="28">quem, &s;ecundum Deum, judico eligi de|bere, et quod idem in Acce&s;&s;u prae&s;tabo,</HI> That is to &s;ay, <HI>I Atte&s;t Je&s;us Chri&s;t my Lord, who is to be my Judge, that I chu&s;e him, whom according to God</HI>'s <HI>Will I think fitte&s;t to be cho&s;en; and that I will do the like in the Acce&s;s.</HI> Having thus taken the Oath, he lays his Billet up|on the Cover of the Chalice, and with the Cover he puts it into the Chalice, and thereupon making an obei&s;ance to the Altar, he retires to his place.</P>
<P>This Ceremony is ob&s;erv'd by all the Cardinals, who are able to come up to the Altar. For if it happen, that any one of the Cardinals then pre&s;ent in the Chapel is not able, by rea&s;on of in|firmity, to come up to the Altar, the <HI>Junior</HI> of the Scrutators takes the Ba|&s;in, wherein the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> are, and carries it to him, out of which the indi&s;pos'd Cardinal having taken a <HI>Billet,</HI> he &s;ecretly fills it up, at his own Desk, folds it, and &s;eals it, as is before-mentioned; and after he hath taken the fore&s;aid Oath in the place where he is, he delivers his &s;aid <HI>Billet</HI> to the
<PB N="54" REF="29" MS="y"><HI>Scrutator,</HI> who openly carries it up to the Altar, and without any Prayer or Oath lays it on the Cover, and with the Co|ver conveys it into the Chalice. The &s;ame thing is done towards all the in|di&s;pos'd Cardinals who are in the Chapel.</P>
<P>But as to tho&s;e Cardinals, who, by rea&s;on of &s;ickne&s;s are not able to &s;tir out of their Cells, the <HI>Infirmary</HI>-Car|dinals cho&s;en by lot to go and receive their voices, go to the Desk of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> and take from their hands a Box with a hole in the upper &s;ide of it, having a Lock and Key to it about a hands bredth high. This Box is publickly opened by the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> before the delivery of it to the <HI>Infirma|ries,</HI> to the end that every one of the Cardinals may &s;ee it is empty, and that done they lock it up with the Key, which they lay upon the Altar, and then give the Box to the <HI>Infirma|ries,</HI> who, having taken a little Ba&s;in, with as many <HI>Billets</HI> therein as there are Cardinals &s;ick in their Cells, go to them.</P>
<P>The indi&s;pos'd Cardinals having taken their <HI>Billets</HI> out of the Ba&s;in, &s;e|cretly
<PB N="55" REF="29">fill them up, fold them, and &s;eal them, and after they have made the ordinary Oath, put them into the hole of the Box.</P>
<P>If the Cardinal's &s;ickne&s;s be &s;uch as that he is not able to write, he makes choice of &s;uch per&s;on as he thinks fit to fill up his Billet. But the &s;aid per&s;on &s;o appointed to fill it up, is oblig'd to make Oath be|fore the <HI>Infirmary</HI>-Cardinals, that he will not reveal the &s;ecret then entru&s;ted to him: And this he is bound to do, not only upon the Obligation of the &s;aid Oath, but al&s;o upon pain of incur|ring excommunication <HI>ip&s;o facto.</HI></P>
<P>The Suffrages of the indi&s;pos'd Cardinals being thus collected by the <HI>Infirmaries,</HI> they return to the Chapel, deliver the Box to the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> who opening it, take out the <HI>Billets,</HI> which after they have been numbred, they lay, one after another upon the Cover of the Chalices, and with the Co|ver convey them into the Chalice.</P>
<P>But to the end the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> may not hold too long, and that it may be
<PB N="56" REF="30">carry'd on without any interruption, (as it is requir'd by the Balls) the <HI>Infir|mary</HI> Cardinals, before they go to the indi&s;pos'd, may fill the <HI>Billets</HI> with their voices immediately after the Dean-Cardinal; and then, while the others make the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> addre&s;s them|&s;elves to the &s;ick to collect their Suf|frages.</P>
<P>The mixture of the <HI>Billets</HI> makes the fourth Act of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and con&s;i&s;ts in the &s;haking of them well in the Chalice with its cover on; which is performed by the chiefe&s;t of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> who, to that end, takes the Chalice from the Altar, and holding with one hand by the foot, and having the other upon the Cover, &s;hakes the Billets &s;o as that it may not be di&s;co|ver'd which were put in fir&s;t, which la&s;t.</P>
<P>The numbring of the <HI>Billets</HI> is the fifth Act, immediately following the mixture thereof, and is performed by the <HI>Junior</HI> of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> who takes them one after another out of the Cha|lice, and counts them, and puts them
<PB N="57" REF="30">into another empty Chalice prepar'd for that purpo&s;e. If the number of the Billets be not equal to that of the Cardinals, they are all burnt, and with|out removing out of the place they renew the <HI>Scrutiny.</HI> But if the num|ber be equal they proceed to the other &s;ub&s;equent Acts of the <HI>Scrutiny.</HI></P>
<P>The Publication, which is the &s;ixth Act, and ought to be done by the <HI>Scrutators</HI> &s;itting at their Desk placed before the Altar, is thus performed. The chief <HI>Scrutator</HI> takes a Billet out of the Chalice, which he unfolds, without breaking the Seals of it, and having di&s;cover'd and &s;een the name of him to whom the Suffrage is given by the <HI>Billet,</HI> he delivers it to the &s;econd <HI>Scrutator,</HI> who having al&s;o &s;een the &s;ame name puts the <HI>Billet</HI> into the hands of the third <HI>Scrutator,</HI> who reads it with a loud and intelligible voice, &s;o as that all the Cardinals pre&s;ent in the Chapel may hear it, who having before them their names &s;et down in a printed &s;heet of paper, wherein op|po&s;ite to every name there are lines
<PB N="58" REF="31">drawn to the right hand and to the left, upon which they make as many da&s;hes as a Cardinal hath voices. Upon the line on the right hand they are to mark the votes of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and on that to the left tho&s;e of the <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI> And this Ceremony is ob&s;erv'd in the pub|lication of all the Billets from the fir&s;t to the la&s;t.</P>
<P><HI>Here place the Catalogue.</HI></P>
<PB REF="31">
<P><TABLE>
<HEAD>A Figure of the Printed &s;heet which every Cardinal hath lying before him, whereupon to mark the Suffrages of the Scrutiny and Acce&s;s.</HEAD>
<ROW>
<CELL ROLE="label">Acce&s;&s;e Day</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Suffrages month</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Fran Barberin</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ginetti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R Ant. Barberin</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Palotta</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Branciacco</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Carpegna</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Harach</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Durazzo</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Gabrielli</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ur&s;ino</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Fachinetti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Grimaldi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ro&s;etti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ludovi&s;io</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Cybo</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Stortia</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Odo&s;calchi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Raggi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. e Retz</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Homod<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">i</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Otthobono</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Imperiale</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Borthoma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">o</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Santa-Groce</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Spada</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Albici</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Aquauiua</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Chi&s;i</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ilcio</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Farneze</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Re&s;piglio&s;i</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Bonvi&s;i</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Bichi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Palavicini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Eandinelli</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL ROLE="label">Acce&s;&s;e Day</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Suffrages, 1667</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>dono</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Barbarigo</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Arragon</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Boncompagno</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Litta</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Cor&s;mo</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Bonelli</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Picolomini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Caraffa</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Palutio</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Ra&s;poni</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. De Comitibus</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Nini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Roberti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Spinola</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Vi&s;conti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Caraccioli</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Delphini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. de Thun.</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. d'E&s;t</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Donghi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Rondanini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Maldachini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. de A&s;&s;ia</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Carl. Barbarino</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Pio</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Gualtieri</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Azzolini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Vecchiarelli</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Franconi</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Manchini</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Cel&s;i</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Perretti</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Vendo&s;me</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
<CELL>R. Moncada.</CELL>
<CELL>&mdash;</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P>Pre&s;ent in the Conclaue&mdash;</P>
<P>Ab&s;ent upon &s;ickne&s;&s;e, from the Scrutiny-Palavicini.</P>
<P>Ab&s;ent from Court-Arragon. The number is 70.</P>
<PB REF="32" MS="y">
<PB N="59" REF="32" MS="y">
<P>If it &s;hould happen in the Publi|cation, that the <HI>Scrutators</HI> found two <HI>Billets</HI> &s;o folded together, to any ones thinking, as if they were brought in by one and the &s;ame per&s;on; if in both the&s;e <HI>Billets</HI> there &s;hould be found one and the &s;ame thing, and one and the &s;ame Cardinal named, they &s;hall be counted but for one; but if there be a diver&s;ity of Suffrages, neither is worth any thing, yet &s;hall not there be any defect in the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> upon that &s;core.</P>
<P>Moreover, the publication being compleated, they &s;et down in two or three &s;heets of paper the names of all the Cardinals who have had voices, with the number of the voices; to the end, that when there is any oc|ca&s;ion, they &s;hould not be oblig'd to make any new enumeration of the Suffrages, which the Cardi|nals might have mark'd and cro&s;s'd on the &s;ide of their names upon the lines of the printed &s;heet, of which we &s;poke before.</P>
<PB N="60" REF="33">
<P>The two la&s;t Acts of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> which are the filing and laying a&s;ide of the <HI>Billets,</HI> are performed by the <HI>Junior</HI> of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> who, after he hath with a loud voice publi&s;h'd the name of the Cardinal who hath the Suffrage by a <HI>Billet,</HI> files the &s;aid <HI>Bil|let</HI> with a needle provided for that pur|po&s;e, at the place where the word <HI>Eligo</HI> is written. And after he hath &s;o filed all the Billets immediately after his publi&s;hing them, he tyes a knot on the thing, and then lays them a&s;ide, either on &s;ome part of the Altar, or on the Desk of the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> or in an empty Chalice.</P>
<P>The third and la&s;t principal Action perform'd at the Election of a Pope, by way of <HI>Scrutiny</HI> is, in the Ceremo|nial called the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny;</HI> which, if the Election be compleated by the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> (which very &s;eldom happens by rea&s;on of the different Factions in the Conclave) comprehends three Acts or Circum&s;tances only, to wit, the numbring of the Billets, taking a re|view of the Suffrages, and burning
<PB N="61" REF="33">the &s;aid Billets. But if the Pope be not cho&s;en by the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> there are &s;e|ven remarkable Circum&s;tances in the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny;</HI> to wit, the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> the opening of the Seals and Signs, the re|marks made thereof upon the printed &s;heet, the examination or confrontati|on of Suffrages, the review of the <HI>Bil|lets,</HI> and the de&s;troying of them by fire.</P>
<P>The <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> therefore, which is the fir&s;t Act or Circum&s;tance of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny,</HI> immediately follows the de|po&s;ition or laying a&s;ide of the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> in &s;ome part of the Altar or el&s;ewhere, when the Election is not compleated by the <HI>Scrutiny;</HI> otherwi&s;e, if the Pope were once cho&s;en, there would be no place for the way of <HI>Ac|ce&s;s,</HI> ina&s;much as it were of no ad|vantage, as being introduc'd to &s;upply the defect of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> whereby, as hath been ob&s;erv'd, we &s;eldom find the Election compleated, by rea&s;on of the diver&s;ity of the Factions.</P>
<P>There are ob&s;erved in the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> the &s;ame things as in the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> as
<PB N="62" REF="34">well in reference to the manner of filling the <HI>Billets,</HI> folding them, &s;eal|ing them, carrying them to the Al|tar, and putting of them into the Chalice, as to that of numbring them, and making publication of them, noting the Suffrages, filing and depo&s;iting the &s;aid Billets a&s;ide, &s;ave only that there is an ob&s;er|vance of the&s;e circum&s;tances follow|ing.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The fir&s;t is, that the Cardinals go and take their <HI>Billets</HI> in the Ba&s;in of the <HI>Billets</HI> prepar'd for the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> which &s;tands upon the Altar, as does that of the <HI>Billets</HI> for the Scrutiny.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;econd is, that if a Cardinal be unwilling to give his voice to any one, (which he is at liberty to do) he mu&s;t remember, in the mid&s;t of the Billet, in &s;tead of the Cardinal's name, to whom he &s;hould have given his Suf|frage, to write down the word <HI>(Nemini)</HI> To no body. Now it is to be ob&s;erv'd, that the <HI>Billet</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> is to be fill'd with the &s;ame &s;ignes; and &s;eal'd with the &s;ame Seals, and as the <HI>Billet</HI> of the
<PB N="63" REF="34"><HI>Scrutiny,</HI> upon pain of nullity of the Suf|frage of <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The third is, that one cannot make <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> (that is, give his voice a &s;econd time) to the per&s;on of a Cardinal, who had not had at the lea&s;t one voice by the <HI>Scrutiny;</HI> nor yet to the &s;ame per&s;on to whom he had given his voice by the <HI>Scrutiny.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The fourth is, that though a Car|dinal is not permitted to nominate &s;e|veral per&s;ons in the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> as he is not permitted to choo&s;e divers by the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> upon pain of nullity of the Suffrage as well of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> as the <HI>Scrutiny;</HI> yet is it lawful for him, to give his voice by <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> to one of many who had been nam'd in the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> though with nullity of Suf|frage, provided he had el&s;ewhere pro|cured of &s;ome other a Suffrage, which was not null.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The fifth is, That there is no ta|king of the Oath anew in the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> in regard it had been done before, for the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="64" REF="35">
<ITEM>The &s;ixth and la&s;t circum&s;tance is, that the <HI>Infirmaries</HI> are oblig'd to carry to the &s;ick Cardinals, with the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> one of the &s;heets upon which they had marked the number of the voices which every Cardinal had in the Scrutiny, publickly and duly verify'd.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The &s;econd, third, and fourth Acts of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny</HI> are, the opening of the <HI>Seals</HI> and <HI>Signs</HI> of the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Ac|ce&s;s,</HI> the marking of it upon the &s;heet, and the examination or confrontation of the Suffrages, which are practi&s;ed only when the Election is compleated by the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> and thus put in execution.</P>
<P>The chief <HI>Scrutator</HI> takes the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> filed, as they were upon the publication of them, and opens only tho&s;e which contain voices in favour of the Elect, in the lower part of them which comprehends the &s;ignes; then after he hath exactly con&s;ider'd the Seals and the &s;aid Signes, he pre&s;ents the &s;aid Billets as they are filed to the &s;e|cond <HI>Scrutator,</HI> who al&s;o takes a view of them, and then delivers them to the
<PB N="65" REF="35">third, who having made the &s;ame ob|&s;ervation thereof, does, with a loud and intelligible voice, make publica|tion of the <HI>Seals</HI> and <HI>Signes</HI> of the &s;aid <HI>Billets.</HI> That done, he marks down the Seals and Signes on the left &s;ide of a &s;heet of paper; where the&s;e words are imprinted, and under the &s;aid words (<HI>Sigilla et Signa Acce&s;&s;uum,</HI> that is to &s;ay, the Seals and Signes of the Acce&s;|&s;es) which remark may al&s;o be made by all the Cardinals, if they think fit &s;o to do, upon the like &s;heets which they have lying before them, upon their Desks.</P>
<P>This done, the &s;aid chief <HI>Scrutator</HI> takes the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> from the place where they had been depo&s;it|ed, in order to the making of an exa|mination or confrontation of the Suf|frages which they contain, with tho&s;e which are brought in by the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI> And beginning the examina|tion at one of the ends of the &s;tring, on which the <HI>Billets</HI> are filed, he with the two other <HI>Scrutators,</HI> views the Seal of the fir&s;t <HI>Billet</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and then
<PB N="66" REF="36">&s;eeks it out in the &s;heet, upon which the Seals and Signes of the <HI>Billets</HI> of <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> were marked. If he find it not there, leaving that fir&s;t <HI>Billet</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> he proceeds to the examinati|on of the &s;econd, taking a view again with the other <HI>Scrutators</HI> of the Seal, and then &s;eeks it upon the &s;ame &s;heet, where not finding any thing like it, he quits the &s;aid <HI>Billet,</HI> to pa&s;s on to the examination of the third, and &s;o of all the other <HI>Billets,</HI> till he meet with the Seal of &s;ome one of the <HI>Billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> mark'd on the &s;aid &s;heet. But having found it, he opens the &s;aid <HI>Bil|let</HI> at the lower part where the &s;ignes are written, to &s;ee whether the Signes of the &s;aid <HI>billet</HI> are an&s;werable to the &s;ignes marked upon the &s;aid &s;heet: which if they are not, he there quits the billet, and proceeds to the exami|nation of the next, and if he find the &s;ignes to be an&s;werable and corre&s;pon|dent to tho&s;e of the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> marked up|on the &s;aid &s;heet, he &s;hews them to the &s;econd and third <HI>Scrutators,</HI> who all to|gether, after they have maturely con|&s;idered
<PB N="67" REF="36">the corre&s;pondence there is be|tween the &s;eals and &s;igns of the billets of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> ob&s;erve whe|ther in both the <HI>billets</HI> there be a no|mination of one and the &s;ame Cardi|nal, or of divers Cardinals; For if the &s;ame Cardinal be named in both the <HI>billets,</HI> the Suffrage of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> is null, in regard that (as hath been al|ready ob&s;erv'd) it is not lawful for any one to give his voice in both the <HI>Scru|tiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> to one and the &s;ame per|&s;on. But if there be a nomination of different per&s;ons, the Suffrage of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> being good, then the third <HI>Scru|tator</HI> does with a loud and intelligible voice publi&s;h the Seal, the Signes, and the name of the per&s;on elected by the billet of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and makes a mark thereof upon his &s;heet under tho&s;e imprinted words (<HI>Sigilla et &s;igna Scru|tinii re&s;pondentia Acce&s;&s;ibus,</HI> that is to &s;ay, the &s;eals and &s;ignes of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> an&s;werable to tho&s;e of the <HI>Acce&s;&s;es</HI>) op|po&s;ite, and on the &s;ide of the &s;eals and &s;ignes of the billet of <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> whereto they are an&s;werable, which note and
<PB N="68" REF="37">mark all the Cardinals may al&s;o make upon their &s;heets. But the&s;e Acts, which are more hard to be explicated, then to be put in execution, are always be&s;t under&s;tood by Figures thereof.</P>
<P><TABLE>
<HEAD>A Figure of the Printed &s;heet upon which they note and mark the Seals and Signes of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> and <HI>Scru|tiny,</HI> which are an&s;werable one to the other.</HEAD>
<ROW>
<CELL ROLE="label">Seals and Signs of the Acce&s;&s;es.</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Seals and Signes of the Scrutiny an|&s;werable to tho&s;e of the Acce&s;s.</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Cardinals named in the Scru|tiny.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL><HI>ACD</HI> 50 <HI>Deus.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL><HI>Card. Car|pegna.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL><HI>BRF</HI> 35 <HI>Bonitas</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>BRF</HI> 35 <HI>Bonitas.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL><HI>RGI</HI> 44 <HI>Beatitude.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>RGI</HI> 44 <HI>Beatitudo</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>Card S. Clement.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL><HI>NSP</HI> 26 <HI>Gl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">ria.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P><HI>Note that the Letters of the Alphabet re|pre&s;ent the Seal of the Billets.</HI></P>
<P>If it happen, in this examination and confrontation of the Suffrages, that two, three, or &s;ome greater number of
<PB N="69" REF="37">the <HI>billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> be found to have the &s;ame Seals and Signes with &s;ome billet of the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> as it may come to pa&s;s, if the per&s;on who is cho&s;en be named in one of the &s;aid <HI>bil|lets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and another Car|dinal be named in another of the &s;aid <HI>billets,</HI> then the <HI>Scrutator</HI> (his Col|leagues ob&s;erving what he does) is to open the billet of the &s;aid <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> wher|in the &s;aid elected per&s;on is named, to|gether with that of the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> at the very place where the name of the E|lector is &s;et down, to the end a judge|ment may be made, according to the <HI>Gregorian</HI> Con&s;titution, of the validity or invalidity of the <HI>Acce&s;s.</HI> For if it be di&s;cover'd, that one and the &s;ame Cardinal hath given his voice to the elected in the <HI>billet</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> and by that of the <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> there will be an invalidity in the Suffrage of <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> as hath been ob&s;erved before. But as to the <HI>billet</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> wherein he who is elected is not named, it &s;hall not be opened, and the <HI>Scrutators</HI> &s;hall pro|ceed to the examination and con|frontation
<PB N="70" REF="38">of the other Suffrages.</P>
<P>The fifth Act of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny</HI> is, the enumeration of the Suffrages either of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> alone, or of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> together, which is made by the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> whether the E|lection en&s;ue thereupon or not; if it do not en&s;ue, it is done, to the end it may be known in that very <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> or in the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> together, whether the Pope be not cho&s;en; and if the Election do en&s;ue, that it may appear, whether the Pope be canoni|cally cho&s;en or not.</P>
<P>Now the enumeration of the Suffra|ges is perform'd in this manner. The <HI>Scrutators</HI> reduce into one &s;umme all the Suffrages which they have obtain'd, who were named either in the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> alone, or in the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s</HI> jointly; and if they find, that not any one of the per&s;ons named, hath got two thirds of the Suffrages of the Car|dinals, there is no Election at that time. But if, on the contrary, they di&s;|cover that any one of the &s;aid nomi|nated per&s;ons hath got ju&s;t the two
<PB N="71" REF="38">thirds and no more of the Suffrages, they, in that ca&s;e, open the billet of him who is cho&s;en, at the part where his name &s;tands; which is the upper part of the billet, to &s;ee whether he hath given him&s;elf his own Suffrage, which if he hath, the Election is null'd, according to the <HI>Gregorian</HI> Con&s;tituti|on, by rea&s;on of the want of one Suf|frage, it being not in his power to give him&s;elf his own upon pain of invalidity; but if he hath given it to another, and that he have two thirds of the Suffrages the Election is com|pleated.</P>
<P>Moreover, if it &s;hould happen, that &s;everal per&s;ons had obtain'd the two thirds of the Suffrages, or po&s;&s;ibly &s;ome number exceeding the two thirds; in &s;uch ca&s;e, through the parity and concurrence of the Suffrages, the E|lection would be null; but, if there be an inequality, he who &s;urpa&s;&s;es the o|ther in number, though it were but by one voice, is accounted and acknow|ledg'd for a true and canonically e|lected Pope.</P>
<PB N="72" REF="39">
<P>The fixth Act of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny</HI> is the review which is made, whether there be any Election or not, by the <HI>Commi&s;&s;aries,</HI> drawn out by lot, to the number of three Cardinals, whom the Bulls call <HI>Recognitors,</HI> who take cog|nizance of, and look over, as well the <HI>billets</HI> of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> as the notes and marks of the Suffrages made by the <HI>Scrutators,</HI> to verifie and confirm what they have done, if they have acquitted them&s;elves of their Functions, with all the &s;incerity and fidelity whereto they were oblig'd. The &s;aid <HI>Commi&s;&s;aries</HI> are drawn by lot after the &s;ame manner, as the <HI>Scruta|tors</HI> and <HI>Infirmaries</HI> had been; but &s;till, after the compleating of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> if the Election be made thereby; if not, after the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> and <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> as &s;oon as the <HI>Scrutators</HI> have fini&s;hed the numbring of the Suffrages.</P>
<P>The &s;eventh and la&s;t Act of the <HI>Po&s;t-Scrutiny</HI> con&s;i&s;ts in the burning of all the Billets, which belongs to the Fun|ction of the <HI>Scrutatoys,</HI> who ca&s;t them into the fire in the pre&s;ence of the
<PB N="73" REF="39">whole Colledge, immediately after the review made by the &s;aid Commi&s;&s;io|nated <HI>Recognitors,</HI> whether there have been any Election, or not. All the things before-mentioned ought to be ob&s;erv'd twice every day; in the mor|ning, after Ma&s;s; and in the Evening after the Hymn of the <HI>Holy Gho&s;t;</HI> and this, till &s;uch time as the Church is provided of a Head and lawful Pa|&s;tor, which cu&s;tom hath been intro|duc'd, to prevent the long continuance of Conclaves.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e per&s;ons who pretend to make a&s;&s;ured judgments of Elections, are ma|ny times mi&s;taken in their Conjectures, not only upon account of the diver&s;ity and cla&s;hing of intere&s;ts, but al&s;o by rea&s;on of the ordinary alterations hap|ning in the Colledge of Cardinals, by frequent promotions, which &s;trangely invert the cour&s;e of all proceedings in the Conclave, and de&s;troys all the former mea&s;ure which might have been taken of an Election.</P>
<P>Let not therefore any be over-po&s;i|tive as to what they a&s;&s;ert, in a matter
<PB N="74" REF="40">&s;o uncertain, and which finds &s;o much exerci&s;e for the wits of the Citizens of <HI>Rome,</HI> whom the Air of the Countrey ordinarily entertains in a certain lan|gui&s;hment, whence it comes that they &s;pend the be&s;t part of their time in &s;pe|culative di&s;cour&s;es, and political divi|nations. They for the mo&s;t part ground their rea&s;onings on certain con&s;iderations of the time, when the Vacancy of the See happens, and then from the quiet or di&s;turb'd po&s;ture of affairs, draw their con&s;equences in fa|vour of a per&s;on to be exalted into the Pontifical Chair in one &s;ea&s;on rather then another, according to the diffe|rence of the humours, and the vigour and force of the per&s;on. Some again reflecting on the length of the prece|dent Papacies, do commonly make their Conclu&s;ions in favour of tho&s;e Cardinals who are well advanc'd in years. For the Sacred Colledge be|ing wearied out with a long-continu'd &s;ubjection to the Government of the &s;ame per&s;on, takes re&s;olutions many times to exerci&s;e a right which makes
<PB N="75" REF="40">them con&s;iderable every where, and cau&s;es them to be courted by Crowns and Scepters, and the Princes, in that ca&s;e pitching their choice upon anci|ent Cardinals. On the other &s;ide a|gain, when it happens that, by rea&s;on of the great Age of Popes, the See comes to be too frequently vacant, they endeavour to exalt into the Pontifical Chair a per&s;on, who likely to reign &s;ome years, may re-e&s;tabli&s;h and &s;ettle the Affairs of the Church, which might have receiv'd &s;ome prejudice by the frequency of mutations, and &s;o prevent the troubles it would be to the Cardi|nals to remove them&s;elves from the remote parts of <HI>Europe,</HI> once every year or two, to be &s;hut up in the Conclave.</P>
<P>Moreover, as to the per&s;ons who&s;e preten&s;ions are con&s;iderable to the Pon|tifical Chair, there is a con&s;ideration had of their engagement to the Kingdoms and Provinces, where they had their birth or extraction. Whence it is affirm|ed by &s;ome, that the chiefe&s;t per&s;ons a|mong the <HI>Italians,</HI> nor the <HI>Tramontanes,</HI> ought not to be advanc'd to the Papacy,
<PB N="76" REF="41">not only in order to the avoiding of partialities, but al&s;o by rea&s;on of the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion, or rather u&s;urpation, which the <HI>Italians,</HI> from the time of <HI>Hadrian VI.</HI> are chargeable with, in having not rais'd to the Papal Dignity, but &s;uch as have been of their own Countrey, there having been from his time eigh|teen or nineteen Popes of the &s;everal Provinces of <HI>Italy,</HI> who have &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ively fill'd the Chair of St. <HI>Peter.</HI></P>
<P>It is by &s;ome in&s;i&s;ted on further, that, to be a &s;ubject fit for this eleva|tion, he have not many Relations and Friends, that he may make the greater communications of his Grandeur, and that his benefits being not wholly ex|hau&s;ted upon his own Relations, he may exerci&s;e greater liberalities to|wards many others.</P>
<P>There are yet &s;ome among the <HI>Ro|mans</HI> guilty of a &s;uper&s;tition, which argues them not fully clear'd from the Augural humour of their Ance&s;tors. The&s;e di&s;cover &s;uch an exce&s;s of weak|ne&s;s, as, by a kind of <HI>Onomancy,</HI> to &s;earch out of the names of the Car|dinals
<PB N="77" REF="41">&s;ome conjectures of their ele|vation; and this out of a per&s;ua&s;ion, that a &s;ubject, who &s;hall not have in the name of his hou&s;e the letter <HI>R.</HI> when the deceas'd Pope had not the &s;aid Letter in the name of his Hou&s;e, will hardly be cho&s;en Pope; and on the other &s;ide, that if the &s;aid deceas'd Pope had the &s;aid letter in the name of his Hou&s;e, the Cardinal who &s;hall in like manner have it in his, can hardly be advanc'd to the Papacy; by rea&s;on of an alternate &s;ucce&s;&s;ion of the names of Families, having, and not having the &s;aid letter <HI>R.</HI> which hath been ob|&s;erv'd to have happen'd without inter|ruption during about fourteen Exal|tations to the Papal Chair.</P>
<P>There are yet others &s;o weak, as not to content them&s;elves with this kind of &s;uper&s;tition, but they mu&s;t go and pick matter of divination, out of the brazen gates of St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s Church, which they con&s;ult as Oracles, by the over-curious Re-&s;earches they make, among&s;t the diver&s;ity of Figures, whereof they are full, for the Arm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1+ letters">
<PB N="78" REF="42">of tho&s;e Cardinals who a&s;pire to the Papacy. And &s;o their pre&s;a|ges are in his favour, who&s;e chance it is to have his Armes graven in &s;ome part thereof, and this upon no other account then that tho&s;e of the la&s;t deceas'd Popes have been found there, which the People im|mediately after their Election have made the more remarkable by their poli&s;hing and clen&s;ing. True it is, that there are many of the Col|ledge of Cardinals, who&s;e Armes may partly be found among&s;t the numerous multitude of Figures in the &s;aid Gates, but without any de|&s;ign of the Arti&s;t by whom they were ca&s;t.</P>
<P>But quitting the&s;e vain &s;uper&s;titions, we affirm further, that how &s;trong and con&s;iderable &s;oever their rea&s;ons may be for the judgment they make of an Election, it happens that they are for the mo&s;t part mi&s;taken. This di&s;appointment proceeds from the chan|ges hapning in the Conclaves, where
<PB N="79" REF="42">parties and Factions are made, for the exclu&s;ion or inclu&s;ion of &s;ubjects, according to the variety of humours, affections and engagements. And as it is the de&s;ign of every Faction to oppo&s;e the Elevation of a &s;ub|ject contrary thereto, &s;o is it the bu|&s;ine&s;s of it to be a&s;&s;ur'd of a third part of the voices in order to the framing of Exclu&s;ions, wherein it is no hard matter to have their de&s;ire, by rea&s;on there is not any Cardinal that a&s;pires to the Papacy, and hath the Qualifications before requir'd, but will readily joyn with all tho&s;e who would exclude a &s;ub|ject, who might conte&s;t with him for the Dignity. And thence it for the mo&s;t part comes to pa&s;s, that they who are thought to &s;tand faire&s;t for the Chair, are always mo&s;t ea&s;ily excluded.</P>
<P>The Factions mo&s;t ordinarily fram'd in the Conclaves, are commonly re|ducible to two or three principal ones, all the re&s;t joyning with the former,
<PB N="80" REF="43">according to the different intere&s;ts which they may have in the inclu&s;ion or exclu&s;ion of the &s;ubjects propo&s;ed. The Nephews of the deceas'd Popes are the ordinary heads of Factions, up|on whom the Creatures of their Uncles have a certain dependence, and concur with them for the exaltation of tho&s;e whom they are inclin'd to, and the ex|clu&s;ion of all others, not creatures of their deceas'd Uncles, e&s;pecially when by rea&s;on of their long &s;itting in the Chair, they had the opportunity to make a great number of promotions. And this is done, to avoid the reproach of not having made choice of Crea|tures worthy to be advanc'd to &s;o high a dignity, and of being expos'd to the inqui&s;itions and in&s;pections which a Pope, not being of their Creatures, might make into their admini&s;tration of affairs. The Cardinals Protectors of Crowns are al&s;o Heads of Factions, to prevent the elevation of a &s;ubject, whom they &s;u&s;pect, or to promote to the Papacy &s;ome Cardinal well-affected to their intere&s;ts. Tho&s;e Sovereigns
<PB N="81" REF="43" MS="y">who&s;e intentions incline mo&s;t to ju|&s;tice and moderation, wi&s;h only a Common Father; and yet all many times under that pretence pro&s;ecute their own particular advantages.</P>
<P>There are al&s;o Brigues and Factions upon a National Account, as that of the <HI>Roman</HI> for in&s;tance, &s;o as not to con&s;ent to the election of any one to be Pope, unle&s;s he be a <HI>Roman.</HI> Thus it happen'd at the Conclave upon the death of Pope <HI>Urban</HI> VIII. at which the lately deceas'd <HI>Innocent</HI> X. a <HI>Roman</HI> born was cho&s;en. Nay, there are &s;ome Factions which carry on their de|&s;ignes with that &s;ubtilty and indepen|dency on the other Factions, that they make no publick profe&s;&s;ion of their de|claring them&s;elves for any in particu|lar; and to follow their own in&s;pira|tions for the advancement of &s;uch as are propos'd to the Papacy; and &s;o vote for tho&s;e whom they in their con&s;cien|ces think worthy of that Dignity. The&s;e are ea&s;ily induc'd to joyn with any of the others, either for the ex|clu&s;ion of tho&s;e whom they think un|worthy
<PB N="82" REF="44">worthy of that Elevation, or to give their Suffrages with tho&s;e whom they think ably qualify'd to maintain with reputation the dignity of Head of the Catholick Church.</P>
<P>This diver&s;ity of Factions when they are of equal &s;trength, &s;o as the voices are equally parted, is ordina|rily the cau&s;e of the long continuance of Conclaves. For being equally in a capacity of excluding the &s;ubjects propos'd of either &s;ide, and each of them promoting the elevation of tho&s;e whom they are inclin'd to, the Heads of the &s;aid Factions make it their on|ly bu&s;ine&s;s to hinder the Cardinals of their party, of who&s;e voices they think them&s;elves a&s;&s;ur'd from ever gi|ving their &s;aid voices in the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> to any of the &s;ubjects propos'd whom they would exclude. And the de|&s;ign in this is, that the &s;aid pro|pos'd &s;ubjects wanting &s;till above a third part of the Suffrages cannot be cho&s;en Popes again&s;t their con|&s;ent, as it might happen by the <HI>Acce&s;s,</HI> if any of the &s;aid Cardinals
<PB N="83" REF="44">of the contrary party had given them their voices in the <HI>Scrutiny.</HI> And hence it comes, that there are very few in&s;tances of any Pope cho&s;en by the way of the <HI>Scrutiny</HI> alone.</P>
<P>But whereas none of the &s;aid Head-Factions can be fully a&s;&s;ur'd of the voice of a Cardinal, by rea&s;on of the &s;ecret of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> which hin|ders the di&s;covery of tho&s;e who may change parties, and that whatever en|gagement any Cardinal may have made to the &s;aid Head Factions, ei|ther by word, oath, promi&s;e, or upon the &s;core of gratitude, affection, or o|therwi&s;e: he is di&s;penc'd from it by the late Bulls of <HI>Gregory</HI> XV. and <HI>Ur|ban</HI> VIII. be&s;ides the precautions there are, that he be not &s;u&s;pected of having been wanting to his en|gagement, whereof he may avoid the blame and reproach by means of the &s;ecret of the <HI>Scrutiny,</HI> it happens many times, that the &s;aid leading Factions are mi&s;taken in the computation of their Suffrages, and they want voices, yet can|not di&s;cover whence that want proceeds
<PB N="84" REF="45">and when they think them&s;elves the mo&s;t a&s;&s;ur'd of an exclu&s;ion, one or two of their own Partizans having chang'd their humour or inclination, oither upon &s;ome di&s;gu&s;t receiv'd, or greater hopes of e&s;tabli&s;hment el&s;e|where, or other private con&s;iderati|ons, and transferring their Suffrages to another party, &s;ome other is cho&s;en Pope, who 'twas imagin'd would ne|ver have attain'd that dignity.</P>
<P>And whereas many among them, to prevent the elevation of &s;uch as they &s;u&s;pect, be&s;tow their Suffrages, as it were, at random on &s;ome other Car|dinals, whom they pre&s;ume not fit to be advanc'd to the Pontifical Chair, it happens &s;ometimes that &s;ome one is cho&s;en Pope, who had not been thought of before; &s;o that what may be mo&s;t &s;ecurely affirm'd of the&s;e matters is, that we cannot make any certain judg|ment of Elections; and that, through ways wholly oppo&s;ite to tho&s;e which humane policy had contriv'd, a more tran&s;cendent wi&s;dom pre&s;iding over the&s;e great di&s;pen&s;ations, di&s;po&s;es of
<PB N="85" REF="45">them quite otherwi&s;e, and turns and winds the &s;pirits of tho&s;e concern'd therein corre&s;pondently to tho&s;e de|&s;ignes which it hath from all eternity over the conduct of the Church.</P>
<P>A&s;&s;oon as any one is cho&s;en Pope, the two principal Deacon-Cardinals conduct him from the place where they find him behind the Altar, where they ve&s;t him with the black Ca&s;&s;ock, the Roquet, the Camail, and the red or white Calotte or Cap, according to the &s;ea&s;on, and put on his Slippers or Pantofles with the gilt Cro&s;s on them; they then bring him before the Al|tar, and &s;et him in a Chair, where all the Cardinals come to adore him, that is to &s;ay, ki&s;s his feet, hands and cheek. Thence he is carried to St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s Church, where he is &s;eated on the high Altar, and the Cardinals render him again the &s;ame Homage: then the Ca|nons of the &s;aid Church come up to ki&s;s his feet: and then he is carried to the ordinary apartment of the Popes, and the Cardinals retire to their Pa|laces.</P>
<PB N="86" REF="46">
<P>The fir&s;t thing that is broken about the Conclave is that part of the walls which &s;huts up the Lodg of the Bene|diction over the Portal of the Church; There the principal Deacon-Cardinal goes and places the Cro&s;s, and cries out to the people <HI>Vivat N.</HI> who is made Pope, and hath a&s;&s;um'd the name of <HI>N.</HI></P>
<P>Some days after the Pope is crown'd in St. <HI>Peter</HI>'s Church. To that end, the Cardinals, the Emba&s;&s;adors of Princes, and the principal Lords about the Court wait on him at his Apart|ment, whence they accompany him to the Church, and even into the Sacri|&s;ty, whether he is carried in a Chair, There he is clad in his Pontifical ha|bit, and at his coming out thence, he a&s;cends a portable Theatre, upon which &s;tands his Pontifical Chair, and is &s;o carried up to the Altar, cro&s;s the Church, then ordinarily full of peo|ple a&s;&s;embled to &s;ee that Ceremony. Nay, in &s;ome parts of the Church, there are Scaffolds &s;et up for the prin|cipal Lords and Ladies of eminent
<PB N="87" REF="46">quality, who are de&s;irous to be Spectators of that celebrious Action. He is preceded by the Cardinals and Emba&s;&s;adors, while all the people kneeling echo out their acclamations of <HI>Long live Pope N.</HI> Ju&s;t at his com|ing out of the Sacri&s;ty, and his going up the &s;aid Theatre, is performed the Ceremony of &s;etting fire to Flax fa&s;t|ned at the end of a &s;tick, and held up as high as his per&s;on, with the&s;e words, <HI>Sancte Pater, &s;ic tran&s;it gloria mundi; Holy Father, thus does the glo|ry of the world pa&s;s away,</HI> as an adver|ti&s;ement to him, that he &s;uffer not his heart to be &s;urpriz'd with vanity, at that Elevation, while he &s;ees all the people under his feet. In the mid&s;t of the Church the &s;ame Ceremony is reiterated, and is again performed a third time, when he is come up to the Altar.</P>
<P>Being come down from the The|atre, he &s;ays a Pontifical Ma&s;s, where|at the mo&s;t eminent among&s;t the Emba&s;&s;adors or Princes, who had
<PB N="88" REF="47">accompany'd him, mini&s;ter to him at the wa&s;hing and pre&s;enting the Towel. At which Ma&s;s there are &s;ome extraor|dinary prayers &s;aid, as we find them in the Ceremonial. The Ma&s;s ended, he is carried to the Lodge of Benedicti|on, where in the Pre&s;ence of all the people then a&s;&s;embled, in the &s;pacious place of S. <HI>Peters,</HI> the Chief Deacon-Cardinal takes off his Mitre, and &s;ets on his head the three Crowns, or Tri|ple-Crown, telling him, that he is to con&s;ider him&s;elf from thenceforward as the Common Father of Kings and Princes, for the maintenance of Peace among&s;t them. That done, he gives the Benediction, and is afterwards car|ried back to his Apartment.</P>
<P>There is yet another thing he is to do after his Coronation, which is to go and take po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of his Bi&s;hoprick, which is St. <HI>John</HI>'s of <HI>Lateran.</HI> To do that, he appoints what day he thinks fit. The &s;treets through which he is to pa&s;s are hung with Tapi&s;try, and there are &s;ome Triumphal Arches e|rected, repre&s;enting the mo&s;t remark|able
<PB N="89" REF="47">Actions of his <HI>Holine&s;s</HI>'s life. And this is the order of the Cavalcade and Proce&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>Four light Hor&s;emen of the Guard go fir&s;t to clear the way, then come the Carriers of the Vali&s;es and Mails belonging to the Cardinals, then the Judges and Fi&s;calls of the Covernour of <HI>Rome,</HI> the Gentlemen of the Retinue of the Cardinals; Then all the Prin|ces and <HI>Roman</HI> Lords, who ordinarily go confu&s;edly, to avoid conte&s;ting about precedence, and have belonging to them a great number of Pages and Hal|berdiers &s;umptuou&s;ly cloath'd. Then follow the ordinary Gentlemen of the Pope's Hou&s;e in Scarlet Robes. Then the white Gennets pre&s;ented every year by the King of <HI>Spain,</HI> by way of Ho|mage for the Kingdoms of <HI>Naples</HI> and <HI>Sicily,</HI> are led one after another, ha|ving their Harne&s;s of Crim&s;on-Vel|vet, with fringes of gold, and bo&s;&s;es of filver; then come the white Mules, and three Litters, one of Scarlet, and the others of Crim&s;on-Velvet both within and without, and gold fringes. Then
<PB N="90" REF="48">the Pope's Trumpeters; his Taylor carrying his Vali&s;e; and the ten Of|ficers of the Palace; the <HI>Con&s;i&s;torial Advocates</HI> in Garments of a violet-co|lour, furr'd with Ermine about the neck: all the honorary <HI>Camerarii</HI> in violet Ca&s;&s;ocks and &s;carlet Cloaks, four of whom carry at the end of a &s;taffe, every one of them, a Hat of the Pope of Crim&s;on Velvet, with frin|ges of gold. Then follow &s;everal <HI>Ro|man</HI> Gentlemen, who have been <HI>Con|&s;ervators</HI> (that is to &s;ay, <HI>Con&s;uls</HI>) in their Garments and Caps of black Velvet, and after them the Apo&s;toli|cal Prelates in black Garments. The Auditors of the <HI>Rota</HI> in their ordinary habit, the Ma&s;ter of the <HI>Sacred</HI> Pa|lace, who is always a <HI>Jacobin</HI>-Frier, the Emba&s;&s;ador of <HI>Bologna</HI> and <HI>Fer|rara,</HI> the Captains of the &s;everal Quar|ters of <HI>Rome,</HI> richly clad, and the prin|cipal of them, whom they call their <HI>Prior,</HI> is in a Garment of Cloth of Gold, marching between the two Chancellors of the <HI>Roman</HI> people; Then the three Con&s;ervators of <HI>Rome</HI>
<PB N="91" REF="48">in Ve&s;ts of Cloth of Gold, and Caps of black Velvet, and their Hor&s;e|cloathes with fringes of Gold; On their left hand do ordinarily march the Chiefs of the hou&s;es of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s and the <HI>Co|l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="3+ letters"></HI>'s, or one of them, when they cannot agree about precedence; Then come the Emba&s;&s;adors, and after them the Cro&s;s-Bearer, and with the Cro&s;s of his Holine&s;s, the four Ma&s;ters of the Ceremonies, with red Ca&s;&s;ocks and violet Cloaks; four&s;core <HI>E&s;taffiers</HI> of the Pope's, for he is oblig'd at his com|ing to the Papacy to take all the mo&s;t ancient Standers among the E|&s;taffiers of the Cardinals and Emba&s;|&s;adors of Crowns, whom they call <HI>Pal|freniers,</HI> to di&s;tingui&s;h them from the <HI>E&s;taffiers</HI> of per&s;ons of a lower rank, (as in <HI>France,</HI> they who are called <HI>Lacqueys,</HI> when related to per&s;ons of of ordinary Quality, are named <HI>Valets de pied,</HI> when they belong to Royal per&s;ons and Princes:) Then follows the Governour of <HI>Rome,</HI> and after him the Pope's Pa|ges, when he has any, follow afoot,
<PB N="92" REF="49">and bare-headed. Next them imme|diately is conducted the Pope him&s;elf in a clo&s;e Litter, having on each &s;ide of him the two grand Over&s;eers of the High-ways, clad in black, on Hor&s;e|back, and bare-headed, and all tho&s;e who march between the Pope's Cro&s;s and his Holine&s;s, what condition or qua|lity &s;oever they be of, are oblig'd to be uncover'd.</P>
<P>After his Holine&s;s follow all the Cardinals mounted on their Mules, the Patriarchs, Arch-Bi&s;hops, Bi&s;hops and other Prelates, two and two, every one according to their Quality: and the whole Pomp is brought up and clos'd by the two Companies of the light Hor&s;emen of his Holine&s;s's Guard, armed cap-a-pied.</P>
<P>Being come to St. <HI>John</HI> of <HI>Lateran</HI>'s, the Pope puts off his ordinary Habit, and puts on the Mitre and Hood, and takes up his Seat in a Throne which is prepar'd for him in the entrance of the Church, where the Canons of it come and ki&s;s his feet. Then he goes to the Church-door, which he finds
<PB N="93" REF="49">&s;hut; They give him the Key to open it; <HI>Te Deum</HI> is &s;ung, after which the Pope a&s;cends into the place of Bene|diction, whence he gives it to all the people a&s;&s;embled below.</P>
<P>As all the Pope's Tribunals cea&s;e during the vacancy of the See; &s;o they begin not their Functions again till af|ter the Pope's Coronation, upon which all Affairs rea&s;&s;ume their ordinary cour&s;e.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
