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<DATE>2013-02-20</DATE>
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<NAME>John Pas</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<P>A GUIDE TO THE PRACTICAL PHYSICIAN: SHEWING, From the mo&s;t Approved Authors, both Ancient and Modern, The true&s;t and &s;afe&s;t way of Curing all DISEASES, INTERNAL and EXTERNAL, Whether by <HI>Medicine, Surgery,</HI> or <HI>Diet.</HI></P>
<P>Publi&s;hed in Latin by the Learn'd Dr. <HI>Theoph. Bonet,</HI> Phy&s;ician at <HI>Geneva.</HI></P>
<P>And now Rendred into Engli&s;h, With an Addition of many con&s;iderable Ca&s;es, and Excellent Medicines for every DISEASE.</P>
<P>Collected from Dr. <HI>Waltherus</HI> his <HI>Sylva Medica.</HI></P>
<P>By one of the Colledge of Phy&s;icians, <HI>London.</HI></P>
<P>To which is added.</P>
<P>The Office of a Phy&s;ician, And perfect Tables of every Di&s;temper, and of any thing el&s;e con&s;iderable.</P>
<LICENSE LANG="eng">
<P>LICENSED,</P>
<CLOSER><DATELINE><DATE><HI>November</HI> 13h. 1685.</DATE></DATELINE> <SIGNED>Robert Midgley.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LICENSE>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed for <HI>Thomas Fle&s;her,</HI> at his Hou&s;e over again&s;t <HI>Di&s;taff</HI> Lane in the <HI>Old Change,</HI> MDCLXXXVI.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS and NOBLE LORD, EDWARD Lord HIDE, VICOUNT <HI>CORNB&V;RY,</HI> &amp;c.</HEAD>
<P><HI>I</HI> Pre&s;ent to Your Lord&s;hip a <HI>Mercury,</HI> not Him indeed who &s;ends Souls to the Infernal Shades, or is a Guide of the way that leads thither; but one who, as the Poet &s;peaks, <HI>Animas Orco Evocat,</HI> conducts them back again from thence: Or, more truly, a Guardian of humane Health, and a &s;tout and tru&s;ty Vanqui&s;her of the Di&s;ea&s;es which commonly oppre&s;s Man|kind. Nor is this a thing that is new to Your Lord&s;hip, as being not onely ini|tiated, but very well in&s;tructed in the Wi&s;edom of the Ancients: You are not ignorant that the <HI>Egyptians,</HI> that is, the Guides of the <HI>Greeks,</HI> and the fir&s;t My&s;tagogues of all the Learning and Religion of the Ancients, have de|liver'd to us all their Inventions, and the bright Lights of all Arts and Sci|ences wherewith that Nation &s;hone heretofore, under the Name of <HI>Mercury:</HI> But why do I recount tho&s;e ancient and (I had almo&s;t &s;aid) anile things? Permit me (with the favour of my good <HI>Genius</HI>) under the Statue of this <HI>Mercury</HI> to offer unto Your Lord&s;hip, not my Eloquence, &s;uch as became ei|ther the Egyptian or the Grecian <HI>Hermes,</HI> but a Devout Mind, and a Re|&s;pect that is owing on &s;o many Accounts. My hope is incouraged both by Your &s;ingular Humanity which I have been an Eye-witne&s;s of in &s;everal In&s;tances, and al&s;o your free and generous Di&s;po&s;ition, and (which ought not to be pa&s;t by in &s;ilence) the plea&s;ant propen&s;ion of Your Mind towards our City, which you have declared abundantly, by taking up Your Aboad for &s;ome Years with us. All the Citizens, (from the highe&s;t to the lowe&s;t) think them&s;elves hap|py in having injoyed Your Pre&s;ence, and they admire Your large, acute and ingenious Wit, Your piercing Judgment, (ripe before Your years) the Brisk|ne&s;s
<PB REF="3"> of Your Memory, the quick and ready Motions of Your Mind, Your &s;wift Knowledge of things, Your Eloquent Invention, yea, and Natures prodigality in be&s;towing her gifts upon You, who hath given You a comely Body, and &s;uch who&s;e Strength exceeds Your Age, as being not yet Twenty years old: By virtue of which Strength You far excee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> all others in &s;uch Hor&s;e and Foot Exerci&s;es as become a Nobleman. The mo&s;t Illu&s;trious Earl of <HI>Clarendon,</HI> Your Father, having ob&s;erved in You a Genius growing up to all Sublime things, and even from Your Childhood a great Soul in a little Body, well knowing, that In&s;tructi|on promotes inbred Virtue, cho&s;e for Your Tutour the mo&s;t Noble and Excellent Mr. <HI>Hamilton,</HI> of an Ancient and Honourable Family, who, by his own Virtue and Learning, increa&s;ing the Glory derived from his Ance&s;tours, hath not onely obliged all the Mu&s;es in the &s;tricte&s;t familiarity, but hath al&s;o taken a full view of <HI>Machaon</HI>'s Tents, and entred into the Sacri&s;tie of Medicin: Through his Tutorage there &s;hine forth in You all Virtues, and a remarkable Piety, where|of the Holy Temples are Witne&s;&s;es, which You are u&s;ed to frequent: Your Li|berality, and a Mind prone to pity are Witne&s;&s;es: By Your Goodne&s;s You love to plea&s;e all; You are affable to all with a Countenance compo&s;ed betwixt Gra|vity and Courte&s;ie. I omit now all the other Ornaments which &s;urround You on every hand, Your Family adorn'd with the Affinity of Kings; Your Grandfather heretofore not onely the <HI>Mercury,</HI> but the <HI>Pallas</HI> of <HI>Britain,</HI> the Pre&s;ident of both Wi&s;edom and Eloquence, and a Faithfull Amba&s;&s;adour to his Prince: Nor do I here &s;peak of Your Father, who&s;e Integrity of heart, incredible Humanity, &s;ingular Learning, in almo&s;t all kinds of Sciences, unwearied Study in cultiva|ting the elegancy of Learned Antiquity, and in Collecting an excellent Libra|ry of Books, are much extolled by all &s;uch as come hither now and then from Your Fortunate I&s;lands: The &s;ame per&s;ons greatly magnifie Your &V;ncle, who has been heretofore honoured with the mo&s;t &s;plendid Emba&s;&s;ies, and whom <HI>Britain</HI> being joyfull, and pre&s;aging well of her Affairs, does re&s;pect and honour among&s;t the Chiefe&s;t Mini&s;ters of State: But the office of my <HI>Mercury</HI> is not to enter into the&s;e large Fields; 'Twill be Your part, my Noble Lord, henceforward to re|ceive him, though rude of Speech, or de&s;tin'd for the promi&s;cuous u&s;e of all, into Your Patronage and Favour. Farewell.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Honour's Mo&s;t humble and obedient Servant, Theoph. Bonet.</SIGNED>
<DATELINE><HI>Genev.</HI>
<DATE><HI>4.</HI> Id. Jan. Ann. <HI>1682.</HI></DATE></DATELINE></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="author to the reader">
<PB REF="3">
<HEAD>THE Authours Preface TO THE READER.</HEAD>
<P>_IT is told us by the Ancients, That formerly <HI>Mercury</HI>'s Statue was placed in the Cro&s;s-ways, to guide Men in the right way, and to reduce them that were out: The &s;ame Fate does &s;ometime attend both the Traveller and the Phy&s;ician; for both of them
<Q><L>&mdash;between two parting Ways oft &s;tand,</L>
<L>To which to turn, uncertain which the Hand.</L></Q></P>
<P>Ofttimes there is occa&s;ion for a Guide in ones Journey, who may &s;hew a Man which way he mu&s;t follow: This is often right-forward, and yet it leads out of the Way: for there is &s;uch a weakne&s;s in Humane Under&s;tanding, that it is blind in things as plain as the No&s;e on a Man's Face, much more may it &s;tumble in the dark. <Q>In practi&s;ing of Phy&s;ick, <HI>&s;ays Galen,</HI> Men mu&s;t take care that they doe nothing ra&s;hly; for, be&s;ides that negligence herein creates no &s;mall danger, it brings a Man into great di&s;|grace. For, as he &s;ays, <HI>Comment.</HI> 1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 1. Bricks, Loam, Wood, Stones, Tiles and Hides, are not the &s;ubject matter of the Art of Phy&s;ick, as they are of Trades, in which Men may try any thing without offence to any Man, and may make Experiments for Inventi|on, and Confirmation of Theorems, as Carpenters do in Wood, and Curriars in Leather: For if a piece of Wood or Leather be &s;poiled in Working, no Man is endangered by it. But to try Experiments in Humane Bodies, which have not been approved by Experi|ence, wants not danger, &s;ince the I&s;&s;ue of ra&s;h Experimenting is the de&s;truction of the Man. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2 <HI>Prorrh.</HI> bids the Phy&s;ician ob&s;erve a Man's Mind, his cu|&s;tome, and the &s;trength of his Body.</Q> Be&s;ides, <HI>Similitudes in Di&s;ea&s;es do often impo&s;e on good Phy&s;icians, and create Errours and Difficulties,</HI> according to <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 8. that is, Artificial Conjectures, whereon we rely much in the Cure of Di&s;ea&s;es, and in the knowledge of the whole Art, do often fail: And, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, <Q>Oftentimes Rea&s;on ima|gines many things with it &s;elf, which Experience afterwards refutes.</Q> <HI>Therefore a &s;mall Errour, &s;ays</HI> Averroes, <HI>occa&s;ions infinite mi&s;takes.</HI> The <HI>Methodus Medendi,</HI> or Method of Curing, derives its Name from a Way, which, by Indications, &s;hews which way we mu&s;t take, and gives us the advantage of avoiding all Errour. <HI>Hieronymus Capivaccius</HI> for|merly &s;et &s;o much by this, that in his opinion, a Phy&s;ician needed nothing el&s;e in practi&s;ing of Phy&s;ick: They &s;ay, that a <HI>Polander,</HI> who had taken his Degree at <HI>Padua,</HI> being to re|turn to his own Country, reque&s;ted him to reveal &s;ome of his &s;ecret Medicines to him; and that he gave him this An&s;wer, <HI>Reade my Method, and you will have my Secrets:</HI> But how &s;trict an Ob&s;erver <HI>Capivaccius</HI> was of his own Method, his <HI>Praxis Medica,</HI> and other of his Works do &s;hew; where he takes notice of many Errours, made manife&s;t to him by prac|tice and experience, not revealed by Rea&s;on. <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, who fir&s;t &s;hewed the Way, and was the fir&s;t contriver of the <HI>Methodus Medendi,</HI> forbids a Man to re&s;t in Univer&s;als,
<PB REF="4"> but to de&s;cend to Particulars. <Q>For who can hope to &s;earch out the manifold variety of Precepts, without con&s;tant Practice?</Q> &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates, l. de Praeception.</HI> Who there|fore thinks the Art is long, becau&s;e the Indications mu&s;t be taken onely from the Spe|cifick Di&s;ea&s;e. <Q>To think, &s;ays <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>meth. med. c.</HI> 3. that there is any one general Cure for all Men, as &s;ome &s;tupid Methodi&s;ts do think, is a piece of the greate&s;t mad|ne&s;s in the World. A Phy&s;ician's bu&s;ine&s;s lies in Particulars, and by particular Expe|riences a &s;olid knowledge of the Art is acquired. <HI>Seneca</HI> &s;ays, "The way to a Science or Art by Precepts is long, by Examples, &s;hort and effectual.</Q></P>
<P>It is ea&s;ie indeed to know, what <HI>Rheubarb</HI> is, what <HI>Burning,</HI> what <HI>Cutting;</HI> but in Practice, how they may be accommodated to U&s;e, when <HI>Purging,</HI> when <HI>Burning,</HI> when <HI>Cutting</HI> is convenient, is not &s;o obvious; nor can it &s;o ea&s;ily be under&s;tood, For What, When and How they mu&s;t be u&s;ed, becau&s;e of the variety of Circum&s;tances, and the divers changes which Mens Bodies incur. <Q>To know what mu&s;t be done is no great matter, but by what means you may doe it, to know this is all the Skill, &s;ays <HI>Galen, lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Method. med. cap.</HI> 2.</Q></P>
<P>Yea, and &s;everal Mens Idiocra&s;ie is various; it has &s;omething hidden, which is mani|fe&s;t to no Sen&s;es, can be found out by no tokens. This Difficulty &s;o tormented <HI>Galen,</HI> that it extorted this Expre&s;&s;ion from him; <HI>If I were but able to di&s;cern every Man's Idio|&s;yncra&s;ie, I &s;hould think my &s;elf as good a Phy&s;ician, as I imagine</HI> Ae&s;culapius, <HI>or</HI> Apollo <HI>to have been.</HI> Truly he that intends to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick, &s;upported onely by Method, is like him, that would try to travel the whole World over, by the guidance of one Geographi|cal Map; or him, that would &s;ail to the <HI>Indies</HI> onely by the Compa&s;s, without any other Sea-Chart. Many impa&s;&s;able places occur, Woods, Mountains, <HI>Scylla</HI> and <HI>Charybdis,</HI> which &s;top the cour&s;e, and indanger Men. Nor will a Man, de&s;titute of a Guide, make any farther progre&s;s on his way, than if he went on one Leg: A Man has occa&s;ion of both, who will proceed as he &s;hould; of Rea&s;on, which in Method, as in a Map, &s;hews the Indications, and what ends we mu&s;t aim at. There mu&s;t be a previous knowledge of this, by the direction whereof, they that run through the broad field of Phy&s;ick, admi|ni&s;ter all things, di&s;po&s;e them, reduce the wandring mind into the Path, out of an inextricable and confu&s;ed multitude of things, and lay open the hidden way of doing things: If this be wanting, all Phy&s;ick is incertain, wavering and doubtfull: Without this, Medicines are like a Sword in a Mad-Man's hand, which would otherwi&s;e prove to be the hand of GOD, if they were dextrou&s;ly u&s;ed, as <HI>Hierophilus</HI> &s;aid of old: This &s;hews whether a Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould be oppo&s;ed, or no; If any thing mu&s;t be done, What, How much, When, Where, and in What manner: This teaches to vary the Cure, according to the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e, variety of Cau&s;es, urgency of invading Sym|ptoms, and the diver&s;ity of the afflicted parts; yea, it teaches how to cure one and the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e in divers Individuals, and grieved parts, &s;everal ways. But however it is, that Rea&s;on dictates the&s;e and the like things; yet Experience mu&s;t be called in to its a&s;|&s;i&s;tance, being in order of Nature fir&s;t, for Rea&s;on was found after Phy&s;ick, not Phy|&s;ick after Rea&s;on, which owes its Being to Experience. The dignity of Rea&s;on is great, yet it is lame, unle&s;s there be the other Leg, Experience, &s;upported by the Sen&s;es, under which what things do fall, are not &s;ubject to Mi&s;take, but they put all things out of doubt. Yet Rea&s;on is nece&s;&s;ary in the&s;e things, which the Sen&s;es cannot reach. <Q>For of &s;uch things, as are contrary in Quality, there is Method; but of &s;uch things as are con|trary in their whole Sub&s;tance there is no Method, but they were all found out by Ex|perience, &s;ays <HI>Galen, lib. ad Thra&s;ib.</HI></Q> But if Rea&s;on confirm things, that are found by Experience, they are of undoubted truth. And if the&s;e two contradict one the other, we mu&s;t rather adhere to Experience; but not to every Experience neither: For there is a dif|ference between <GAP DESC="foreign"> and <GAP DESC="foreign">, between <HI>Experience</HI> and <HI>Empirici&s;m.</HI> For what is more common with &s;ome Phy&s;icians, than, before they &s;carce under&s;tand any thing, to ap|peal to their own Experience, and to cite it for good Authority? This often holds good in two or three things, and fails in others; for Experience does not depend upon this one or the other ca&s;e, but upon the repeated act of many Examples. He that relies upon any one or the other Example, may be called an Empirick, or an Experimentator, if he practi&s;e Phy&s;ick upon Experiments, not true Experience. <Q>Experience is not to be tru&s;ted, &s;ays <HI>Galen,</HI> 3 <HI>Aph.</HI> 10. Becau&s;e, though we &s;ee the &s;ame thing often, we cannot &s;ay it will be al|ways &s;o. Nor ought a Man to make Phy&s;ical Aphori&s;ms of things that he has &s;een but once or twice.</Q> Certain Experience mu&s;t not be expected, unle&s;s from a Learned, Skil|full, exactly Judicious Phy&s;ician, and one who has often travelled the Way of Phy&s;ick.</P>
<Q><PB REF="4">Years Men expert make.</Q>
<P><Q>Experience, according to <HI>Galen, libro de optima Secta,</HI> is the comprehen&s;ion and me|mory of that, which is &s;een frequently, and in the &s;ame manner. Nor can Phy&s;icians, &s;ays <HI>Cicero,</HI> 1. <HI>de Offic.</HI> though they do under&s;tand the rules of Art, atchieve any thing prai&s;e-worthy, without Practice and Experience. And to this, Prudence is highly requi|&s;ite (the Companion u&s;ually of Old Age, &s;ays the &s;ame <HI>de Senect.</HI> as Ra&s;hne&s;s is of Youth) which, according to <HI>Ari&s;totle,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Nicomachum</HI> 8. not onely con&s;iders that which is ab&s;olutely and univer&s;ally Good, but al&s;o that which is good for this or that particular per&s;on.</Q> For a Phy&s;ician's Con&s;ideration is not onely of <GAP DESC="foreign">, but <GAP DESC="foreign">, not onely of Generals, but of Particulars.</P>
<P>For we &s;hould always remember this of <HI>Seneca;</HI> <Q>What u&s;es to be done, What ought to be done, may in general be given in charge and written: Such Advice may be gi|ven not onely to people ab&s;ent, but to Po&s;terity. This other, When a thing &s;hould be done, or in What manner, no Man can advi&s;e at a di&s;tance, deliberation mu&s;t be ta|ken with the things them&s;elves.</Q></P>
<P>But how can that Art well proceed by the conduct of Rea&s;on alone, which by the An|cients was reckoned among Conjectural ones, that is, among &s;uch as do not always, and every where obtain their end, how expert &s;oever the Arti&s;ts are, and practice never &s;o exactly according to Rule? <Q>It has not, &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Arte.</HI> as other Arts have, things that are tractable, for its Matter: A Phy&s;icians &s;ubject is Man's Body, not al|together &s;o obedient, but rebellious and intractable.</Q> Many things happen, which ren|der the event of the Art uncertain and dubious, and therefore make the Art it &s;elf Con|jectural. So according to <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 2. <HI>de re Medica.</HI> <Q>In Phy&s;ick, what ought to be done is not perpetual, yet &s;omething, which it is convenient to follow, is perpetual. When a Phy&s;ician is thus in the Mire, <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Praecept.</HI> that Phy&s;ician will not behave him&s;elf unbecomingly, who, when his Patient's ca&s;e &s;eems dangerous, and he is blinded chiefly by unskilfulne&s;s, calls other Phy&s;icians, that by friendly conference the Patient's ca&s;e may be &s;tated aright, and they may together give their a&s;&s;i&s;tance to the cure: For in the Violence and Con&s;tancy of affliction, when the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;es, through want of Advice, the Opportunity of many things, fit for the pre&s;ent occa&s;ion, is &s;lipt. In truth, the Con&s;ultations of Phy&s;icians are not u&s;ele&s;s and &s;upervacaneous, &s;eeing in all Plenty there is Want, &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates:</HI> For how erudite and experienced &s;oever the Phy|&s;ician is, be&s;ides, though he have a Wood of Medicines; yet he is but a Man, he may be deceived, err, &s;lip and &s;tumble &s;ometimes on the plaine&s;t ground, becau&s;e of the incom|prehen&s;ible variety of Particulars, about which he is conver&s;ant. And we &s;ay common|ly, <HI>In a Phy&s;ician's Work two Eyes &s;ee better than one,</HI> as <HI>Zwingerus</HI> expre&s;&s;es him&s;elf, <HI>comment. in lib. cit.</HI> Becau&s;e, even the Variety of things requires &s;ome Animadver&s;ions, it is good for every one to know, what he mu&s;t mo&s;t avoid and when, as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays ve|ry well.</Q></P>
<P>Now either a Man's Fellows are taken into Con&s;ultation, or &s;uch as have committed to Writing what in their Practice of Phy&s;ick they have ob&s;erved to be &s;ingular about their particular Patients, and do offer to us the Knowledge of tho&s;e Means, whereby this or the other Man has obtained his health; and this not in a &s;ingle Di&s;ea&s;e always, but in com|plicate, contrary or oppo&s;ite Di&s;ea&s;es, by which very thing General Rules are put in U&s;e in a particular Subject. Among them who have been eminently laborious in this Service <HI>Lu|dovicus Septalius</HI> of <HI>Millain</HI> is chief, he publi&s;hed his <HI>Cautiones &amp; Animadver&s;iones Medicae,</HI> wherein, as he him&s;elf &s;ays, the Manners, as it were, and the daily Di&s;cipline of the Art are contained: A Piece of that Excellency, that <HI>Johannes Rhodius, in Ci&s;ta Medica Thomae Bartholini,</HI> advi&s;es every one, when he begins to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick, not onely to reade it over and over, but by degrees to enlarge it with other Mens and his own Ob&s;ervations. I, being moved with this Advice, did ten years ago publi&s;h &s;ome Medical Cautions and Ani|madver&s;ions, taken out of <HI>Gulielmus Ballonius</HI> his Works, dige&s;ted in the &s;ame order as tho&s;e of <HI>Septalius,</HI> by the Title of <HI>Pharus Medicorum,</HI> quite omitted in this pre&s;ent Work, becau&s;e another Edition, larger by a third part, and of a better Print, is ready every mo|ment for the Pre&s;s. I left out <HI>Septalius</HI> al&s;o him&s;elf, and the worthy <HI>Rhodius,</HI> who, to fill up the Vacuities in <HI>Septalius,</HI> publi&s;hed his Collections and Notes, taken out of the Trea|&s;ury of &s;everal Phy&s;icians. He is &s;paring of his Words, rich in Sen&s;e and Matter, com|prehending Ca&s;es in &s;hort Periods, and onely touching the Heads of them; which Ca&s;es, I thought it the be&s;t way, to de&s;cribe at large, as they occurr in Authours, leaving him in
<PB REF="5"> a manner untouched; that, I might not &s;eem willing to rob them of a Book of immen&s;e u&s;e, who love &s;hort Treati&s;es. What things I had gathered in my reading of abundance of Authours, I gave them the form of an <HI>Index,</HI> and dige&s;ted them in an alphabetical order, after the example of tho&s;e famous Men, <HI>Joh. Andr. Schmitzius in &s;uo Medicinae Prac|ticae compendio,</HI> and <HI>Dr. Thomas Burnet</HI> in his <HI>The&s;aurus Medicus Practicus,</HI> not according to the u&s;ual placing of Di&s;ea&s;es according to the parts of Man's Body, to the end the Phy|&s;ician may the &s;ooner find what he looks for. The Work recommends it &s;elf for its u&s;eful|ne&s;s and novity: For the Inventions of modern Anatomi&s;ts have given a great deal of Light to the <HI>Methodus Medendi,</HI> and have made it far plainer, out of who&s;e Trea&s;ury I have brought a great many things hither. Certainly no &s;mall Light has been given to it, &s;ince the Circulation of the Bloud has been di&s;covered, &s;ince the Thoracick Ducts, Lympha|tick Ve&s;&s;els, Salival Glands, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> have been found. Add to the&s;e the Indu&s;try of Chy|mi&s;ts, which has furni&s;hed us with far more &s;afe, whole&s;ome and gratefull Medicines. <Q>Chymi&s;try, the mo&s;t liberal Di&s;pen&s;er of practical Felicity, does adorn, ble&s;s and en|noble Mankind with many Benefits, &s;ays <HI>Rolfinccius, Di&s;&s;ertat. Chymicorum prima.</HI></Q> I have compiled this Work out of many, a&s;cribing to every one his own. The Ob&s;ervati|ons, that have no Authour's Name affixt to them, crept hither out of my own Diary. Some perhaps may blame me, that I have made this up onely in a manner of borrowed things. But if many Authours be peru&s;ed, it will appear, that they plowed with ano|ther Man's Heifer. Some blame <HI>Mercatus</HI> his voluminous Works, as made up of &s;everal; For he, as <HI>Julius Gua&s;tavinius, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>locor. in Med. &s;elect.</HI> ob&s;erves, tran&s;cribed many things out of <HI>Jacotius, Fernelius, Salius,</HI> with very few Alterations, and all out of <HI>Brudus Lu&s;ita|nus. Lazarus Riverius</HI> compiled his Practice out of <HI>Sennertus, Thomas &agrave; Veiga, Salius, Va|randaeus, Zecchius, Joh. Hartmannus, Enchiridion Medicum Practicum,</HI> and others.</P>
<P>Some have given their helping hand to the like Work, by &s;hewing the Mi&s;takes of Phy|&s;icians, as <HI>Cardan, Sanctorius, Lazarus &agrave; Soto, Mercatus,</HI> out of whom <HI>Augerius Ferreri|us</HI> took a Volume of <HI>Ca&s;tigationes Medicae,</HI> a&s;&s;uming them to him&s;elf, I reckoned it a piece of Ju&s;tice to render to every Man his own, nor indeed could the De&s;ign well otherwi&s;e be fini&s;hed. <HI>Maximus</HI> in <HI>Cedrenus</HI> gives his judgment concerning Writers of Books. <HI>Books,</HI> &s;ays he, are commonly written to the&s;e ends, either for a Man's own Memory, or for others Good, or for both: Sometimes al&s;o to hurt others, either to &s;hew ones Wit, or becau&s;e Nece&s;&s;ity &s;o requires. Certainly they de&s;erve Commendation, who &s;tudy their own and other Mens Benefit, and the publick Good; as they often pay for their Ra&s;hne&s;s, who, gaping after Glory, expo&s;e them&s;elves to the uncertain Lottery of other Mens judge|ments. But they de&s;erve be&s;t from Learning, who keep nothing from others which they have learned by Experience, but make it publick; and who being informed by long Prac|tice, both what ought to be done, and what avoided, do either here and there in&s;ert it in their Works, or put it out in particular Tracts. None of us is good at all things, this Man is good at Explication, that Man at Correction, another at Con&s;ultation. Let every Man contribute what he is able, and give his A&s;&s;i&s;tence by his Pur&s;e, Pains or Advice. I have ca&s;t in my Mite, in which I have be&s;towed nothing on Pomp, all on U&s;e; for which if you &s;hall e&s;teem this fit, it &s;hall never repent me of my Pains. Farewell.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="translator to the reader">
<PB REF="5">
<HEAD>THE Tran&s;latours Preface TO THE READER.</HEAD>
<P>THO&V;GH the Authour him&s;elf has already addre&s;t you; yet his Mode&s;ty not al|lowing him to give this Book of his the due Character of &s;o learned and u&s;efull a Work, becau&s;e his own; Ju&s;tice bids me &s;ay &s;omething farther on that behalf. I have &s;een a little in the Practice of Phy&s;ick, and I highly value <HI>Bonetus</HI> his Judg|ment both in making Choice of &s;uch a De&s;ign, and in the Pro&s;ecution of it, for the Advancement of Practical Knowledge. His De&s;ign is, to take out of all Cla&s;&s;ick Authours in the Art of Phy&s;ick, from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the Father of the Faculty, (who lived &s;ome hundreds of years before the Phy&s;ician of Souls was incarnate,) down to his Contemporaries and Him&s;elf, in the year of the Incarnation <HI>1682.</HI> all that does directly tend to the &s;aving of &s;ick Mens lives. So that in this one Volume you have the Sub&s;tance (I may &s;afely &s;ay it) of the Medical Libra|ry, which has been about two Thou&s;and years in collecting: For there is not one Authour of Note, who hath left ought to Po&s;terity in all that time; but here <HI>Bonetus</HI> pre&s;ents you with what is ma|terial for Practice out of him. So that, be&s;ides the va&s;t Charge which a Man would be put to in furni&s;hing him&s;elf with &s;o huge a Library as he mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity have to compile &s;o great a Work; and with the Charge, be&s;ides the great difficulty to procure &s;ome Books for any Money, (for &s;everal, that he quotes, I know to be both dear and &s;carce; and he often cites Pa&s;&s;ages out of a Manu&s;cript of Sir <HI>Theodore de Mayerne</HI>'s, our Engli&s;h <HI>Ae&s;culapius</HI> of his time, which never yet has been printed;) I &s;ay, be&s;ides the Charge and Difficulty in getting Books, he &s;aves that Phy&s;ician, who has them, a great deal of time in peru&s;ing them, to find what is pertinent to the Ca&s;e he would be re&s;olved in. For if you under&s;tand Latine, you may find the Name of your Di&s;ea&s;e Alphabetically in that Tongue, and there is your Ca&s;e, without any farther trouble: Whereas, &s;hould you have recour&s;e to the Authours them&s;elves, it might take you up &s;ome Hours time, to meet with what you may here find, in fewer parts of a Minute. So much for his De&s;ign.</P>
<P>But in all this Variety, (he &s;o pro&s;ecutes his De&s;ign) there is no Confu&s;ion. At fir&s;t view, indeed, one might look upon it as a Medley: But any one who under&s;tands what Method is, may &s;ee, that if each particular Ca&s;e, or at lea&s;t every one of a great number of them, were but con|verted into an &V;niver&s;al Axiome, all the general Rules of the Method of Phy&s;ick might be had in their order: For &s;o, if you con&s;ult the Contents of each Title, you will find them. And when each Ca&s;e will afford an Aphori&s;m, and all tho&s;e Aphori&s;ms make a completer Body of Phy|&s;ick than has ever yet been written, I think I cannot &s;ufficiently admire the Management of his De&s;ign.</P>
<P>And after the Authour has done them well, what can I &s;ay for my &s;elf in the name of tho&s;e that a&s;&s;i&s;ted in the Tran&s;lation, but that we hope we have given you the Authour's Meaning in plain Engli&s;h? But farther, we mu&s;t adverti&s;e you, that we have omitted &s;everal of <HI>Zacutus Lu&s;itanus</HI> his Ca&s;es, becau&s;e, being miraculous, our Faith could not reach them, unle&s;s the
<PB REF="6"> Authour's Credit had been le&s;s &s;u&s;pected: We have omitted &s;ome others, which we apprehen|ded to be but of &s;mall moment; e&s;pecially &s;uch as had the Rea&s;on of them founded on ob&s;olete <HI>Hypothe&s;es.</HI> And, becau&s;e the Authour had been long in collecting this Trea&s;ury, he tran&s;cri|bed the Pa&s;&s;ages from Authours (as he met with them in the peru&s;al, or in his own Practice) under their proper Titles, without any Method in them, and &s;o they were printed, onely the Contents were methodical: But in the Tran&s;lation we have put the Ca&s;es into Method, accor|ding to the Contents. And, in lieu of tho&s;e Pa&s;&s;ages that were omitted, we have put many new ones in, as, particularly, much out of <HI>Septalius,</HI> whom <HI>Bonetus</HI> &s;o highly commends, but left him and &s;ome others of the &s;ame nature out of his Work, becau&s;e (as he tells you in his own Preface) he would not &s;poil the Sale of &s;o good Books. And &s;ince this Learned Age is daily pro|ductive of Excellent Books, we have added much out of &s;ome that came out between the Publica|tion of the Latin and this Tran&s;lation, as, We have given you an <HI>Epitome</HI> of <HI>Ten Rhine</HI> of the <HI>Moxa,</HI> which &s;hews the Cure of the Gout, and of mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es in the Ea&s;t <HI>Indies</HI> by Burning with <HI>Moxa,</HI> and the way how we in <HI>England</HI> may make it; therein al&s;o we give you Sir <HI>Willi|am Temple</HI>'s Experience of it in the Low Countries, when he re&s;ided there in a Publick Capa|city from His MAJESTY of <HI>Great Britain.</HI> We give you al&s;o much of Dr. <HI>Sydenham</HI>'s Tracts, that came out &s;ince the publi&s;hing of <HI>Bonetus.</HI> Be&s;ides, we have added much out of <HI>Willis</HI> of the Scurvy, much out of <HI>Gli&s;&s;on</HI> and his Partners, and <HI>Whi&s;tler</HI> of the Rickets, none of which, except <HI>Willis,</HI> were ever in Engli&s;h; and many Pa&s;&s;ages out of other Authours, mo&s;t Latine, &s;ome Engli&s;h.</P>
<P>But, be&s;ides all the&s;e things, We have given you all the be&s;t Receipts and Medicines, which were mo&s;t relied on in Practice by the mo&s;t Phy&s;icians in all Ages to this time, for particular Di&s;|ea&s;es. The&s;e we tran&s;lated out of <HI>Waltherus</HI> his <HI>Sylva Medica,</HI> which came out two or three years before <HI>Bonetus,</HI> a Work of va&s;t Pains and Charge, collected out of &s;ome Hundreds of Au|thours, wherein he gives us an account of mo&s;t Authours that have written on any Di&s;ea&s;e, and withall he &s;ets down what Medicines tho&s;e Authours in their Practice principally relied on. So that generally, with the Cau&s;es, you have means wherewithall to an&s;wer them, and perform the Cures: Be&s;ides that, in the nineteenth Book, you have the Rea&s;ons of the Operations of Medicines.</P>
<P>Now if both <HI>Bonetus</HI> and <HI>Waltherus</HI> be &s;o highly valued among the Learned (who under|&s;tand the Languages of tho&s;e Authours, out of who&s;e Works the&s;e two Excellent Per&s;ons compiled theirs) that, though &s;o lately publi&s;hed, they are already become &s;carce; What E&s;teem <HI>Bo|netus</HI> and <HI>Waltherus</HI> in Engli&s;h &s;hould bear, among Engli&s;h Readers, that would under&s;tand Phy&s;ick, I leave to any Man to judge. For not one hundredth part of the Authours, which <HI>Bo|netus</HI> and <HI>Waltherus</HI> quoted, ever were, or are ever like to be, in the Engli&s;h Tongue: So that for this very Rea&s;on, the Tran&s;lation may de&s;erve a higher E&s;teem among mere Engli&s;h, than the Original among the Learned; &s;ince the&s;e can under&s;tand the Principal Authours, without an Interpreter; the other cannot, and &s;o for want of one, were it not for this Book, might live in Ignorance of many Excellent things.</P>
<P>The Authour, <HI>Bonetus,</HI> is an ancient Dr. of Phy&s;ick in <HI>Geneva,</HI> a Man of great and &s;ucce&s;|full Practice, and of infinite Learning, as other of his Works, but this e&s;pecially, do &s;hew. He dedicated this to a Noble Per&s;onage of this Land, as you may &s;ee before; And how can we more gratefully acknowledge his kindne&s;s, than by letting our Countrey-men under&s;tand, how generous it is to all Men in his publi&s;hing &s;o u&s;efull a Work in Latine, and in particular to our Countrey|men in his dedicating it to a Noble Earl of our Nation?</P>
<P>Now becau&s;e the Alphabetical Di&s;po&s;ition of the Di&s;ea&s;es, according to the Latin Tongue, will not be &s;erviceable to the Engli&s;h Reader, we have made an Engli&s;h <HI>Index,</HI> whereby you may find the Di&s;ea&s;e which you want in the Book; and then, run but over the Contents, and you will meet with your Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>And, after all, I appeal to the Learned, Whether the&s;e two Books (both of which are va|lued by &s;uch) when they are made One, be not a Book of the greate&s;t u&s;e in Phy&s;ick, that has ever been publi&s;hed in any Tongue, and much more in Engli&s;h. Farewell.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="book">
<PB N="1" REF="6">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK I. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> A.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Abortus,</HI> or Mi&s;carriage.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It ought not to be procured for the remedying of any di&s;ea&s;es the woman with child is troubled withall. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a &s;imple voiding of bloud may be di&s;tingui&s;h'd from it. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;tinction of its cau&s;es according to the times that the wo|man is gone with child. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ymptoms that u&s;e to accompany it, require the providence of the Phy&s;ician. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the concomitant Symptoms may be cured. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A prevention of it by frequent <HI>bloud-letting. VI, VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pla&s;ters ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly'd are not to be kept on long. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is occa&s;ion for <HI>Ad&s;tringents,</HI> and when for <HI>Loo&s;eners. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An in&s;tant Abortion is not always to be ha&s;ten'd, from the ex|ample of one that was prevented. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is imminent, medicines that are hot mu&s;t be mixed with Ad&s;tringents, <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Ad&s;tringents are onely to be applied to the Loins. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies applied below are &s;afer than tho&s;e taken in at the mouth. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine to be ab&s;tain'd from. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. DAILY Ob&s;ervation &s;hews, that Women with child are &s;ubject to many and great di&s;tempers, both Chronical and Acute, which are made more dangerous, and are harder to cure, from their being in that condition, e&s;pecially Acute di&s;ea&s;es, as Fe|vers,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 30. <HI>lib.</HI> 5.</NOTE> Pleuri&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c. Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, that it is dead|ly for a woman with child to be &s;eiz'd upon by a|ny acute di&s;ea&s;e. And according to <HI>Galen</HI> there is a double danger; one from the Fever's killing the Child; another from the thin diet that is requi&s;ite for acute Di&s;ea&s;es, but is injurious to Women with Child; as al&s;o from the nece&s;&s;ity of the greater re|medies, &s;uch as bleeding and purging. But &s;ome ra&s;h men, if they &s;ee their Patient in great danger, advi&s;e the procuring of Abortion. Now <HI>Abortion</HI> is more painfull and dangerous than a natural birth, from the violent divul&s;ion of the unripe <HI>Foetus,</HI> whence very many die, &s;ome e&s;cape, but not without grie|vous &s;ymptoms: And the danger is the greater, if the <HI>Foetus</HI> be pretty big, (as if the Woman be gone &s;even or eight months) or if the Woman her &s;elf be feeble and weak, or if &s;he labour under dan|gerous acute Di&s;tempers. Even healthfull Women never mi&s;carry without danger: &s;ome retain the <HI>Foetus</HI> &s;o pertinaciou&s;ly, that no medicines will make them mi&s;carry. Wherefore <HI>their</HI> advice is per|nicious that coun&s;el the procuring of Abortion in acute Di&s;ea&s;es, 1. Becau&s;e in many it is not ea&s;ily done; 2. It cannot be done but by dangerous Re|medies, and tho&s;e often repeated, which aggravate and heighten acute Di&s;ea&s;es; 3. Nor is it &s;afe, &s;eeing Abortion it &s;elf is a dangerous and deadly affection, as experience &s;hews: for by the apho|ri&s;m above cited, it is deadly to a Woman with Child to be taken with an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, from the Fever, the thin diet, and the danger of Abortion: now 'tis bad to add affliction to the afflicted: the Mo|ther often peri&s;hes by de&s;troying the <HI>Foetus</HI> with &s;uch Remedies. 4. Even a natural Birth &s;eldom gives any relief to &s;everal Di&s;ea&s;es; much le&s;s will Abor|tion cure any Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially &s;uch as is acute, no, it will rather make it wor&s;e, unle&s;s the <HI>Foetus</HI> be already dead, for then indeed 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to exclude it. Yet we mu&s;t not ab&s;tain from nece&s;|&s;ary helps, as bleeding and purging, which often prevent Mi&s;carriage; and if it &s;ometimes follow upon the u&s;e of them, 'tis not to be imputed to the Remedies being duly admini&s;tred, but to the &s;harp|ne&s;s of the Di&s;temper that is too hard for all Reme|dies, or to the weakne&s;s of the Mother, or la&s;tly to the death or debility of the <HI>Foetus. Hippocrates</HI> in his oath promi&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Prim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o&s;</HI> de vulg. err. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>53.</HI></NOTE> that he will give no Woman any Medicine to procure Abortion: 'Tis the part of a Phy&s;ician not to de&s;troy, but to pre&s;erve as much as he can.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="2" REF="7">II. Midwives ought to be very heedfull; for it &s;ometimes happens, that a Woman with Child voids by her Womb much bloud, and imprudent Midwives think that &s;he has mi&s;carried, which yet is not &s;o, but onely a Mi&s;carriage is imminent: which whil&s;t it is, it ought to be prevented by Ad&s;tringents; but if it be actually made, then we mu&s;t help by Loo&s;eners. Wherefore Midwives ought to examine diligently the matter that comes forth, whether it be bloud, or fle&s;h, or geniture, or the <HI>Foetus:</HI> for by wa&s;hing what comes forth in water one may ea&s;ily di&s;cern whether there have been truly an Abortion or not.<NOTE PLACE="marg">C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ivace. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ract. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Serapio</HI>'s opinion is to be noted: He thinks if a Mi&s;carriage happen in the fir&s;t or &s;econd month, that it is cau&s;ed by wind, or a prepo&s;terous agi|tation of the Mother, breaking the &s;lender fibres; if it happen in the middle months, that &s;limy hu|mours which loo&s;en the <HI>acetabula</HI> (or &s;aucers) of the Womb, are the cau&s;e of it; and la&s;tly if it happen in the la&s;t months, that it is commonly cau|&s;ed either from want of nouri&s;hment, or &s;traitne&s;s of the Womb.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> mi&s;carrying, &s;he fir&s;t voided the Secondines with much bloud, which brought her very low and weak: the flux of bloud abating, the next day &s;he excluded the <HI>Foetus</HI> that was four months old: after this &s;he &s;eem'd to grow better and cleans'd indifferently well: onely what came away was very &s;tinking and cadaverous. On the &s;eventh day &s;he was taken with a high Fever, and voided the <HI>placenta</HI> (or womb liver) which &s;tunk ex|tremely, and was full of black-bloud; whence &s;he recovered by degrees. The Lady <HI>N.</HI> being four months gone with Child, mi&s;carried, excluding the <HI>Foetus</HI> with the membranes; whence &s;he was thought to be clear of all. But afterwards &s;he fell into a high Fever, with frequent horrours and &s;woonings: then &s;he voided mo&s;t fetid matter with clods of bloud and pieces of fle&s;h. On the &s;eventh day &s;he excluded the <HI>placenta</HI> which &s;tunk very much; whereupon &s;he grew to be better and re|covered.</P>
<P>The&s;e two Hi&s;tories teach that the purgations of the Womb, when they have a cadaverous &s;mell, for the mo&s;t part &s;ignifie that &s;ome portion of the Secondines is &s;taid behind in the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>ob&s;. cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 61.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. When after Mi&s;carriage part of the <HI>Placenta</HI> hath remain'd in the Womb, and a continual flux of Bloud for &s;ome months hath accompanied it; I have ob&s;er|ved it &s;ucce&s;sfully expelled, and the Patient re&s;tored by three ounces of the following D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">coction taken twice or thrice a day. <HI>Take of the Root of B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tort two Drachms;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. de le Boe Sylv. <HI>Prax. Med. l.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>c.</HI> 6. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 119.</NOTE> <HI>of the leaves of Marjoram, Penniroyal each one Hand|full; Boyl them in Water and White Wine of each alike as much as is &s;ufficient. In twenty ounces of the Decoction clarified di&s;|&s;olve of Syrup of Mugwort two ounces, of Cinamon Water half an ounce.</HI> For by virtue of this a piece of the <HI>Placenta</HI> as big as ones Fi&s;t was voided, and all further Flux of Bloud was &s;topt and cured.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Woman having &s;uffered three Mi&s;carria|ges one after another at different times of her ge&s;tation (or going with Child) being now gone but two months, had great pains about her Navel and Loins, which threatned an Abortion. Two pla&s;ters being applied, one to her Loins, and another to her Navel (made of the Pla&s;ter for fractures and di&s;locations) &s;he was &s;omewhat hel|ped for a while, but afterwards her pains returned. I being called, ob&s;erving the Woman to be young and &s;anguine, order her to be let bloud; where|upon in a few hours &s;he was freed from her pains and fear of Mi&s;carriage. Her bloud was very &s;e|rous. For prevention I give her a drachm of Rhu|barb in powder with Broth, to be repeated once a week for a month. The&s;e &s;ymptoms had happened ju&s;t at the time when &s;he us'd to have her Men&s;trues when &s;he was not with Child. Again in her third month the &s;ame &s;ymptoms return'd, and were pre|&s;ently removed by bleeding. In like manner in the fourth, fifth, &s;ixth, &s;eventh and eighth months the &s;ame &s;ymptoms returning, we opened a vein each time, whereby &s;he was forthwith freed of them. The la&s;t time &s;he was let bloud, was eight days before the beginning of the ninth month, with the &s;ame effect;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem centur. <HI>1.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>53.</HI></NOTE> and at the end of the ninth month &s;he brought forth a live Son in good plight but a little pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</P>
<P N="7">VII. That which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> writes is not every way true, <HI>That a Woman with Child mi&s;carries if &s;he be let bloud;</HI> unle&s;s perhaps he under&s;tand it of &s;uch as have but little bloud, or are weakly. Many plethorick Women that u&s;ed often to mi&s;carry, have come to retain the <HI>Foetus</HI> even to the ninth month by breathing a Vein. If the &s;uperfluous bloud be not taken from &s;uch Women, they either mi&s;carry, the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els being unlocked by the too great abundance of bloud; or el&s;e the Child grows &s;o big that the Mother cannot be &s;afely deliver'd of it. To &s;uch, repeated bloud-letting is very profitable after the &s;econd month, or rather from the fourth to the &s;eventh.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; It is very nece&s;&s;ary to examine tho&s;e things that have happen'd former|ly. For when one Medicine &s;ometime yields no relief, it will be the be&s;t way to try others. When I once &s;aw a Woman very like to mi&s;carry that was five months gone with Child, and had five times mi&s;carried before; con&s;idering, fir&s;t, that ad&s;trin|gent Remedies, both internal and topical (that had been admini&s;tred at other times by other Phy|&s;icians) had done her no good, and &s;econdly, that &s;he was very full of bloud, I order'd her to be let bloud in the Arm, and not in the Foot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Panarol, <HI>Pentec.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> le&s;t Abor|tion &s;hould have been cau&s;ed; and in the ninth month &s;he was &s;afely brought to bed of a living and lively Son.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Concerning the Pla&s;ters that u&s;e to be ap|ply'd, this is to be noted, that they mu&s;t not lie long on at a time, but mu&s;t now and then be remo|ved: for otherwi&s;e by lying too long on the Loins they heat the Kidneys &s;o that a Dy&s;ury or heat of Urine is cau&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>pract. l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 17.</NOTE> or Stones and Gravel are bred therein, or &s;ometimes piffing of bloud follows.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In a Mi&s;carriage it is chiefly to be ob&s;erved, whether the <HI>Foetus</HI> be actually expell'd, or there is onely fear that it will be. For when it is actu|ally excluded we mu&s;t, with <HI>Avicen,</HI> ab&s;tain from Ad&s;tringents and u&s;e Loo&s;eners, le&s;t, which often happens, the Membranes or naughty excrements be left and &s;taid in the Womb, whence the Wo|man will certainly peri&s;h. For this rea&s;on <HI>Avicen</HI> di&s;likes Ad&s;tringents, and propounds a fuffumigation of <HI>bdellium,</HI> hy&s;&s;op, <HI>origanum</HI> and mu&s;tard, whereby both the exclu&s;ion of the <HI>foetus</HI> is help'd, and the ex|crements are happily purged. If the child be not dead nor as yet expell'd, but an abortion is immi|nent, and the <HI>foetus</HI> retreats,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Capivacc.</HI> l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>8. Heurn.</HI> dem. m. c. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> then it is very conveni|ent to u&s;e ad&s;tringents, by the help whereof it comes to pa&s;s that abortion is prevented and the child pre|&s;erved.</P>
<P N="10">X. A woman in the thirteenth week after concep|tion, helping to brew, and unwarily taking up a full pail, had almo&s;t mi&s;carried, the membranes being broken and the embryo making its way forth. A Mountebank being by chance pre&s;ent, and ca&s;ting a|bout how to help this di&s;a&s;ter, advi&s;ed to put the <HI>foetus</HI> up again forthwith into its place by the hand: Laying the woman therefore with her thighs high and her head low, the midwife very nimbly with her hand thru&s;t in the <HI>Embryo</HI> that was coming forth, and pre&s;ently after the operation laid the mother in her bed, that the <HI>foetus</HI> being put up again might fix in its former &s;eat; yet her <HI>lochia</HI> flow'd for three days. The &s;ame Mountebank per&s;waded the woman to have her husband lie with her, that the broken mem|brane might be generated anew.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thom. Bar|thol. <HI>cer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> 4. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 57.</NOTE> Hence the <HI>foetus</HI> being retain'd, was born at its full time, and is &s;till alive.</P>
<P N="11"><PB N="3" REF="7">XI. When there is not &s;o very imminent danger of mi&s;carriage, binding pla&s;ters ought not to be ap|ply'd to the belly, le&s;t they intercept the pa&s;&s;ion of the womb;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> but let them be laid on the loins and <HI>Os &s;a|crum.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. Have a care to mix &s;ome hot things with ad|&s;tringents and &s;trengtheners,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> le&s;t the womb be ener|vated; add ma&s;tick, mint, wormwood.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. It is ob&s;ervable, that tho&s;e remedies are &s;a|fer which are admini&s;tred to the lower parts, than tho&s;e that are taken in by the mouth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if a putrid fever be pre&s;ent, for this will be increa&s;ed by the u&s;e of ad&s;tringents.</P>
<P N="14"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman.</HI> Pr. Chymiat.</NOTE>XIV. Wine mu&s;t not be drunk, for it expells the <HI>foetus.</HI></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;. Bari|cellus <HI>Hortu|lus genialis p.</HI> 303.</NOTE>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A piece of wood of the Medlar Tree hung about the neck of Women with child, pre&s;erves them from Mi&s;carriage.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Jul. Cae&s;. Clau|dinus</HI> Empyr. rational. de Abortu &amp; cura gravi|carum.</NOTE>2. I u&s;e this with good &s;ucce&s;s, and as a &s;ecret; Take of Perl 1 drachm, of the Fragments of preti|ous Stones half a &s;cruple, of red Coral 1 &s;cruple, of <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> black Pepper, each 7 grains. Mix them with Sugar di&s;&s;olved in Mint Water, make them into Trochi&s;cs, whereof take two drachms at a time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Fore&s;t. <HI>l.</HI> 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>ob&s;. med.</HI> 66.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Let the Stone that is found in the womb, or heart, or guts of Hinds be worn for an Amulet: for it is very efficacious to retain the Child.</P>
<P N="4"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman</HI> prax. chymi|at.</NOTE>4. The juice of a Craw-fi&s;h brui&s;ed, given in good Wine once or twice a Month, will not &s;uffer the child to come before its time; unle&s;s it be forced by exter|nal Violence.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Jo. Hearnius</HI> de morb. mu|lier. c. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE>5. This Medicine was among the Secrets of a cer|tain Italian Phy&s;ician; Take of Bloud&s;tone, white Frankincen&s;e, each half an ounce, of Ma&s;tick, <HI>Lada|num,</HI> each 1 ounce, of Sumack 2 drachms, of <HI>Galba|num</HI> half an ounce, of Pine Re&s;in what is &s;ufficient. Make a Cerecloth, which &s;he mu&s;t wear on her belly and the <HI>Os &s;acrum.</HI></P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Domin. Leo <HI>art. med l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 6.</NOTE>6. The Skin of a Hedgehog burnt and drunk in Wine doth by a natural property help tho&s;e that mi&s;|carry through weakne&s;s of the retentive Faculty.</P>
<P N="7">7. In Abortion by rea&s;on of the laxity of the Liga|ments cau&s;ed by moi&s;ture,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Lud. Merc.</HI> de puer. &amp; Nutr. affect. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI> de Abortu.</NOTE> I know that &s;weating with a Decoction of <HI>China</HI> Root, or Sulphurous Bathes is excellent good.</P>
<P N="8">8. This Cerecloth will be very proper, which I have often known doe good. Take of Bloud&s;tone, Eagle|&s;tone, each half an ounce, white Frankincen&s;e, Ma|&s;tick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hier. Mercu|rial. <HI>concil.</HI> 101. <HI>de A|bortu.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Ladanum,</HI> each 1 ounce, Sumach 3 drachms, <HI>Gal|banum</HI> half an ounce, Re&s;in of Pine what is &s;ufficient. Make a Cerecloth, which may be kept on till the &s;e|venth Month after conception do come, then it mu&s;t be left off. It mu&s;t be laid on the Loins on each &s;ide, leaving the back-bone bare, nor mu&s;t it be changed, till it have &s;tuck on 15 days.</P>
<P N="9">9. The two following Remedies are accounted a Secret, and are thought mo&s;t certainly to keep the Child, if they be u&s;ed before the Child be &s;evered from the <HI>Cotyledones;</HI> Take of Gold Leaves N^o xii, of burnt Ivory 1 drachm, 3 Tradles of Eggs not addle. Mix them well, till the Gold be divided into ve|ry &s;mall pieces, afterwards di&s;&s;olve them in half a gla&s;s of White Wine, take it for three days in the morning. And at the &s;ame time apply this Pla&s;ter; Take of <HI>Olibanum</HI> powdered 2 ounces, Whites of Eggs N^o v. Stir them together over the fire,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>River.</HI> prax. med. c. de Abortu.</NOTE> always keep|ing &s;tirring, that they run not on a lump, add a little Turpentine, that they may not &s;tick too much. Then take it up with Tow, and apply it to the Navel as hot as &s;he can endure it, twice a day morning and evening for three days.</P>
<P N="10">10. <HI>Sennertus</HI> advi&s;es the wearing of an Eagle&s;tone, or a &s;tone found in the Womb of an Hind, under the Armpits.</P>
<P N="11">11. In Abortion and Flux of Bloud from the Womb; Take of Ma&s;tick, white Frankincen&s;e, each half a drachm, of Dragons bloud in gum,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Reinerus S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lenander <HI>concil. mea.</HI> 14.</NOTE> Myrtle|berries, Bole Armenick, each 1 &s;cruple. Make it into Powder; take of it 1 drachm, &s;tuff it into a Date, when you have taken out the &s;tone; wrap it in paper, dip it in Claret Wine, ro&s;t it in A&s;hes; and then eat it. This I have learned by Expe|rience, is an efficacious Remedy in keeping the Child.</P>
<P N="12">12.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. Wal. eu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> A Pla&s;ter of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle 4 ounces applied to the Belly is good to pre&s;erve the Child.</P>
<P N="13">13. This Catapla&s;m &s;trengthens exceedingly when the Child begins to &s;tir. Take of the crum of a hou&s;hold loaf 2 pounds, flowers of Roman Chamae|mil 1 handfull, Ma&s;tick 2 drachms, Nutmeggs N^o iij. Cloves half an ounce, cut them into a &s;ufficient quantity of Malm&s;ey Wine, add a little Ro&s;e Vine|gar. Boyl them over a gentle fire to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Pulte&s;s, which may be applied actually hot, folded in a cloth, to the bottom of the Belly.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ab&s;ce&s;&s;us,</HI> or an Impo&s;thume.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cure of an internal Ab&s;ce&s;s, if it turn into an ulcer. <HI>I.</HI> d.</ITEM>
<ITEM>When the opening of an Ab&s;ce&s;s is to be committed to Nature, and when procured by art. <HI>I.</HI> b.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a perfect &s;uppuration be to be expected before the opening of it. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Nervous parts whether to be opened with a knife or a cau&s;tick. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Attraction of the matter when it does not i&s;&s;ue freely. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The matter is not all to be drawn out at once. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When an ab&s;ce&s;s is to be opened with a penknife, and when with a potential cau&s;tick. <HI>VI. X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bare cutting of it is not enough &s;ometimes. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A demon&s;tration of the nece&s;&s;ity of opening them. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ection mu&s;t &s;ometimes be made large. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it is to be opened with Cau&s;ticks. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening is not to be deferr'd &s;o long as till the tumour become copped. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One lying hid in the Loins cured by deep inci&s;ion. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mi&s;chiefs of expecting Spontaneous Bur&s;ting. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometime the Matter is wa&s;ted by Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Situation of the Fibres is to be ob&s;erved in the opening. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Care is to be taken that the Nerves that are laid bare be not chilled. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Impo&s;thume is not to be pre&s;&s;ed to make the matter run out the ea&s;ilier, if it be near running out. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When one of the Belly is to be opened with an In&s;trument. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> re&s;embling a Drop&s;ie. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to know one that lies hid. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of Antimonial Medicines in promoting of Mat|ter. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es after Childbed are to be cured. <HI>XXII, XXIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>a.</HI> AN Ulcer left from an inward Ab&s;ce&s;s is clearly and fully cured by taking for &s;ome continu|ance <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum, Bezoardicum minerale,</HI> or any other more effectual and fixed medicine made of Antimony; who&s;e Elixir, Magi&s;tery, or quinte&s;|&s;ence (if any &s;uch be) will perform things wonder|full, although they &s;eem incredible to mo&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Sylvi|us <HI>prax. med<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> c.</HI> 53. <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> not one|ly in curing this malady which is dangerous and hard to be cur'd, but al&s;o other like that are &s;ometimes found in any bowel.</P>
<P N="1">I. <HI>b. Avicen.</HI> &s;ays, 3. 4. tract. 1. cap. 29. <HI>Defer not to open an ab&s;ce&s;s that is &s;uppurated, for many mi&s;chiefs f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ow from matter kept too long in the part.</HI> But <HI>Guido</HI> in his Trea|ti&s;e of Impo&s;thumes, bids us <HI>tarry till Nature attempt to bur&s;t them;</HI> for he &s;ays, <HI>that opening which is made by Nature, is better than that made by Art: for this latter u&s;es to breed an immoderate quantity of matter, and creates foulne&s;s in ulcers:</HI>
<PB N="4" REF="8"> But unle&s;s you under&s;tand <HI>Guido</HI> of Impo&s;thumes &s;ei|&s;ing upon the inward parts, his doctrine will hardly agree with that of the be&s;t Phy&s;icians. Indeed that opening of Impo&s;thumes which Nature makes, is without pain, and &s;he chu&s;es a better place for it than the Surgeon: Yet the propo&s;ition is not to be taken univer&s;ally; for if the aperture be deferr'd &s;o long in all ca&s;es, many and irreparable mi&s;chiefs fol|low, namely corruption of the bone, infecting the skin with a green colour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> and a &s;lower return to health.</P>
<P N="2">II. It is the opinion of the mo&s;t skilfull, that Tu|mours ought not to be opened till they are thorough|ly &s;uppurated, becau&s;e otherwi&s;e the part is in dan|ger of mortification, that humour being crude which Nature endeavours to turn into the form of <HI>Pus:</HI> And al&s;o &s;uch ha&s;ty opening will encrea&s;e the pain e&s;peci|ally, which will cau&s;e a new conflux of humours. But this Rule admits of Exceptions: 1. where the native heat is weak, and there is fear le&s;t the violence of the pain, or want of &s;leep bring a mortification on the part, before all the humour put on the form of mat|ter. Therefore <HI>Cel&s;us lib.</HI> 7. <HI>cap.</HI> 2. &s;ays, <HI>If the matter be ripe, in the arm-pits and groins we mu&s;t &s;eldom cut:</HI> as nei|ther <HI>where&s;oever there is but a &s;mall boyl;</HI> nor la&s;tly, <HI>when the malady is but ju&s;t under the skin or in the top of the fle&s;h, un|le&s;s the weakne&s;s of the Patient compell us to make ha&s;te. Rha|&s;es</HI> confirms this 3 <HI>continent. cap.</HI> 2. 2. Section is to be made if there be that plenty of matter in the ab&s;ce&s;s that Nature cannot conquer. <HI>Avicen.</HI> 3. 4. <HI>tract.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 27. 3. When the matter is thick, &s;eated deep, and is wide at the bottom but narrow toward the &s;urface. (See <HI>Avicen.</HI> in the forecited place.) 4. If the member begin to be mortified, <HI>Avicen. ibid. cap.</HI> 25. 5. When the Impo&s;thume is malignant: for an evil quality oppre&s;&s;es Nature, unle&s;s you make timely inci&s;ion. 6. When it is in the neighbourhood of a principal member: for the matter being pent in annoys it with a foul vapour, with fear of recurring. 7. If it be about the Joints; becau&s;e the matter be|ing detained eats into the ligaments. 8. When it is upon the bones, nerves, tendons. So <HI>Hippocrates lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morbis, Tho&s;e which happen near the fingers, are to be open'd before they are perfectly ripe; le&s;t they proceed to cor|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ode and perforate the bone.</HI> For the fingers, that are bloudle&s;s, &s;mall, remote from the fountain of heat, are ea&s;ily tainted with corruption, becau&s;e they make but &s;mall re&s;i&s;tance. Therefore <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> is not to be heard, who &s;ays, <HI>lib.</HI> 7. <HI>cap.</HI> 2. <HI>When an ab&s;ce&s;s happens among the nerves, the utmo&s;t ripene&s;s is to be tarried for, which may extenuate the skin and joyn the</HI> pus <HI>to it, to find it the nearer.</HI> So <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays of ab&s;ce&s;&s;es &s;eated on the <HI>perinaeum</HI> (or between the genitals or funda|ment) <HI>in lib. de fi&s;tulis, When any &s;uch tubercle &s;hall begin to ri&s;e, cut it forthwith while it is yet crude, before the &s;uppu|ration reach to the &s;treight gut.</HI> 9. If it be in glandulous parts, for the&s;e are &s;ubject to malignant putrefacti|ons, and it makes little matter if &s;uch ignoble parts be a little mangled.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Cel&s;us cap.</HI> 2. <HI>lib.</HI> 7. bids open them with a knife: <HI>If the malady be deep, it is to be con&s;idered whether that place be nervous or no: for if it be without nerves, it ought to be opened with a red hot iron; but if nerves be near, fire is not proper: In the&s;e there is danger le&s;t either the nerves be di&s;ten|ded, or the member be weakened; but it is nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e a penknife.</HI> But <HI>Albuca&s;is lib. de cauteriis,</HI> orders the aper|ture to be made with a cautery; becau&s;e by this means an imminent hemorrhagie is prevented, and al&s;o the part is &s;ecured from bad &s;ymptomes, which u&s;e to follow the puncture of a Nerve, if a pen|knife be u&s;ed. Fire certainly (according to <HI>Hippo|crates</HI>) is an enemy to the nerves, namely if the im|pre&s;&s;ion of it be deep; otherwi&s;e it &s;trengthens the parts that it reaches to.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A Souldier being wounded in the brea&s;t bled nothing for &s;even days: by the advice of a Surgeon a Pla&s;ter being applied to the wound, brought forth a great quantity of matter. Another was very ill of a Tumour that was &s;uppurated, which not being opened in time as it ought, the Patient was in dan|ger of his life, the <HI>pus</HI> being pent in and hid; but we drew it out by the help of the following Pla&s;ter. <HI>Take of new Ro&s;in of the Pine, clear and fragrant, one pound, of the oil of Bay, and Turpentine, of each two ounces, gum</HI> Ele|mi <HI>four ounces.</HI> The ro&s;in and gum mu&s;t fir&s;t be &s;o long in the ve&s;&s;el you melt them in, as till they are mixed, and afterwards add the turpentine and oil: let them all boil again; and at length &s;train them through a thick linen cloth; &s;pread a little of this upon leather, and make a pla&s;ter to be applied to the part;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>P. Pacheq.</HI> in ob&s;erv. <HI>River.</HI> com|municat. ob&s;. <HI>54.</HI></NOTE> change it once a day in winter and twice in &s;ummer, and you will admire the effect. Cut two or three long holes in the middle of it, that the matter which it draws may the better flow out.</P>
<P N="5">V. They are in an errour, who cut an Impo&s;t|hume that is full of matter and hard, and let it all run out at once; they ought, for the a&s;&s;waging of the pain, onely to let &s;ome part of it to go forth. For concocted <HI>pus</HI> when it is left in, deterges and cuts the ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ter which makes the hardne&s;s, and di&s;|&s;olves it. No topical Medicine is of that efficacy in taking away the hardne&s;s of an inflammation as <HI>pus</HI> is. Moreover when all the <HI>pus</HI> is evacuated, the humours often grow &s;o hard and &s;cirrhous, that they become incurable, and can be ma&s;tered neither by Ro&s;olvents nor Emollients: not by the former, becau&s;e they con&s;ume what's thin, whence the re|mainder waxes hard like a &s;tone; nor by the latter, becau&s;e an hard humour ought to be cut and atte|nuated to the &s;malle&s;t particles, which cannot be done by external Emollients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. <HI>meth. l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> but by the <HI>pus</HI> it &s;elf that touches the &s;tubborn humour: for <HI>pus</HI> is the near|e&s;t efficient and of the &s;ame <HI>&s;pecies,</HI> and alone can cut and attenuate it.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Becau&s;e for the mo&s;t part in the opening of Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es I find one Surgeon to chu&s;e and extoll the Lancet, another a potential Cautery, I will explain the matter in a few words. A potential Cautery has this convenience, that it does not affright faint|hearted Patients, nor is very painfull to tho&s;e that are afraid of pain, e&s;pecially if you make u&s;e of the famed remedies of this day: for Lime mixed with <HI>Holland</HI> Soap eats deep enough into the fle&s;h, and much more gently than the holo&s;erick Corro&s;ive of <HI>Parae|us;</HI> but it has the&s;e inconveniences, 1. That as the skin and body is more or le&s;s firm, it corrodes &s;ometimes far deeper than is needfull: for I have found by experience that in one it corroded the skin and mu&s;cles even to the cavity of the belly; and in another it hurt in an incurable manner the proce&s;s of the <HI>peritonaeum,</HI> and the &s;eminal ve&s;&s;els contained in it. 2. This corro&s;ive extends it &s;elf al&s;o length|ways and breadthways farther than you de&s;ire, e&s;pecially if it be to be laid on under the arm-pits, in the groins or joints; for a&s;&s;oon as it grows warm it begins to &s;pread about, and will matter but lit|tle your defen&s;ive Pla&s;ter. 3. It needs &s;ome hours before it can perfectly fini&s;h its operation; yet more time is requi&s;ite in one body than in another: But the humour will not always permit of this lei|&s;ure, e&s;pecially if it be malignant. 4. The E&s;char that it cau&s;es, does not pre&s;ently fall off; &s;o that if you would have the humours to i&s;&s;ue forth out of hand you mu&s;t u&s;e the Lancet for all it: Be as circum|&s;pect as you will, you cannot avoid the&s;e inconve|niences. On the contrary the Lancet has the&s;e in|conveniences, That many Patients are afraid of it, as if it cau&s;ed pain; but the fear is to be prevented by not &s;peaking of it, and indeed the pain is of no great moment. In the mean time you have the&s;e benefits by the Lancet: 1. By it you may make the apertion as long and deep as the malady and your curio&s;ity require. 2. You have the mat|ter quickly, and the Patient is relieved. 3. The matter that remains and which is not yet concocted, will be &s;peedilier promoted towards concoction, by a&s;&s;i&s;ting Nature with fit Medicines as well internal as external. 4. And thus it will come to pa&s;s that
<PB N="5" REF="8"> you &s;hall not have a long continued gleeting: for if a gleeting once begin, you may be &s;ure that the fault is yours. If you de&s;ire a rea&s;on take this: Al|mo&s;t all Tumours that &s;hew them&s;elves behind the ears, in the neck, arm-pits and groins, ari&s;e from hardened glands, and from preternatural and very penetrating humours; All the&s;e kernels are clad with a proper coat, which being hurt by a Lancet or Catheretick Medicines, a gleeting nece&s;&s;arily fol|lows: for no gland, when its coat is opened can pre&s;erve either it &s;elf or its humours: and this gleet|ing or dripping continues &s;o long as till the hole in the coat be cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Barber. <HI>chirurg. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 12.</NOTE> or the whole gland be vani&s;hed and con&s;umed.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Tho&s;e are in an errour that though the Ab|&s;ce&s;&s;es be large, rais'd up copped under the skin, and &s;ituated in places that are lea&s;t &s;ubject to an af|flux of humours, do always content them&s;elves with one &s;imple &s;ection, forbearing from many and com|pound, as if every one &s;hould not be treated in a pe|culiar manner, and as if great ones &s;hould be treated like &s;mall ones, and mortified or unconcocted ones like tho&s;e which have rai&s;ed up the skin and are be|come copped. Let them con&s;ult <HI>Cel&s;us, Paulus</HI> and <HI>Avicen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severin.</HI> me|dic. effic. p. <HI>93.</HI></NOTE> who have appointed different manners of di&s;|&s;ection, and &s;hewn which are nece&s;&s;ary in &s;uch or &s;uch ca&s;es.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The ignorance therefore of &s;ome is to be noted here, who pretend that Nature rejoyces in the proper covering of the parts, which if it be taken off, the heat will not &s;o well pre&s;erve its &s;trength. The vanity of this &s;uper&s;titious providence is thus &s;hewn: 'Tis true that Nature takes care for pre&s;er|ving the parts with a covering, but that is when they are &s;ound and entire; for &s;he intends to pre|&s;erve &s;uch, and not corrupt parts. For the rind of a rotten Pomegranate covers and pre&s;erves all the rotten pulp and &s;eeds: Now &s;hall the rind be kept whole, to the end that the faultine&s;s may be en|crea&s;ed, and nothing be pared or opened? In like manner if we will not touch the skin with our knives for fear of uncovering the evil, we nouri&s;h and in|crea&s;e it. Thus while I have taken care of ulce|rous per&s;ons in the Ho&s;pitals, when I have laid open fre&s;h ulcers that had bur&s;t of their own accord, I have often found the tendons rotting and corrupt|ing under them, though the ulcers &s;eem'd not worth &s;peaking of. Which ought to per&s;wade us, a&s;&s;oon as the skin waxes &s;oft with the malady,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. <HI>ibid.</HI></NOTE> to cut it open, and apply &s;uch remedies as are fit for the purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Aquapendent</HI> advi&s;es, that in cutting an Im|po&s;thume we make not the &s;ection &s;o large, as that afterwards the skin can hardly be agglutinated to the mu&s;cles that lie under it, from whence a difficult motion of the Mu&s;cles may happen. But this cau|tion is either to no purpo&s;e, or it has this &s;en&s;e, That the inci&s;ion &s;hould not reach the Mu&s;cles al&s;o: For though it might happen that as they heal, the skin and they might grow together, yet however the motion of the Mu&s;cles might by that means be prejudic'd and not be &s;o certain: for the skin always yields; and therefore he &s;eems &s;omewhat fearfull in cutting. Ju&s;t as he was al&s;o &s;uper&s;titious in curing of a venereal <HI>Bubo,</HI> when he admoni&s;hes not to thru&s;t in the knife too deep, becau&s;e if the glands were wounded, death would pre&s;ently follow, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I &s;peak not this that I would have a man butcher'd, but neither on the other hand would I be content with pricking him; for that does not plea&s;e me at all. It has happened to many (when a &s;light inci&s;ion has been made of large &s;inuous ab&s;ce&s;&s;es) what <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1 <HI>Epid.</HI> 6. writes of one that died lan|gui&s;hing of a &s;inuous Ulcer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> <HI>If there had been a large inci&s;ion made into it &s;ea&s;onably, he might have been &s;aved.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. Nor do I commend their advice, that with a cold moderation of mind doe the bu&s;ine&s;s by Cau&s;ticks: For in the&s;e there are many things that may be con|demned. The fir&s;t is an inconvenience that the vir|tue of the Cau&s;tick is not onely extended length|ways of the member, according to the de&s;ired form, but &s;preads it &s;elf al&s;o broadways; whence it is that it cau&s;es cruel pains and a great inflammation (which ought carefully to be avoided) in the parts, not onely in tho&s;e to which the Cau&s;tick is applied, but in tho&s;e next to them. Secondly, by rea&s;on the E&s;char is long a falling off, and the parts that are laid bare are &s;lowly re&s;tor'd, they doe not &s;o much good as is expected from them. But cutting if it be skillfully performed, afflicts both le&s;s and a &s;horter while, and pre&s;ently brings the de&s;ired help:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid. p. <HI>94.</HI></NOTE> and by cutting the skin in a line, it does no prejudice on ei|ther &s;ide.</P>
<P N="11">XI. It is to be ob&s;erved, that Tumours which &s;up|purate &s;lowly grow not copped,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus</HI> eff. ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. p. <HI>94.</HI></NOTE> nor ri&s;e much out|ward: Therefore you mu&s;t not wait for a head be|fore you lance them.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A young man going down <HI>Mont Cenis</HI> and &s;lipping on a &s;udden, fell upon his back, the hilt of his &s;word lighting under his &s;hort ribs and left kid|ney, and brui&s;ing his Loins very much. In which place a little after there began a great pain, with various &s;ymptomes, but without any &s;en&s;ible fever. The part affected was not black and blue, nor &s;wel|led, but very &s;mooth and plain. A great quantity of humours from the whole body had flowed to the left mu&s;cle called <HI>P&s;oas,</HI> and being there pent in made an Ab&s;ce&s;s. A certain Phy&s;ician thinking him Nephritical, gave him many things again&s;t the Stone. But being brought to a Surgeon who not long be|fore had cured one in the &s;ame condition, he was told by him that there was matter &s;hut up in the part which mu&s;t have vent given to it; otherwi&s;e he would be in great danger if the Ab&s;ce&s;s &s;hould break inwards and the <HI>pus</HI> &s;hould be poured forth in|to the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> The young man committed him&s;elf to this Surgeon, who&s;e fir&s;t care was, that the mat|ter, which was all over the Loins, &s;hould be drawn to &s;uch a place (by applying powerfull drawers) as where there were few large ve&s;&s;els, and the in|&s;truments of motion might be lea&s;t hurt in the ope|ration. Which after he thought he had obtained, from the Patient's &s;en&s;e of pain upon pre&s;&s;ing a fit place, he forthwith made a wound on the left &s;ide of the fourth <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Loins with a red hot knife, as deep as the length of ones forefinger (from the palm) as one might gue&s;s by the tent that was afterward put in. Then notwith&s;tanding its depth he put his two fingers into the &s;ame wound to make it the wider, that the matter might flow the more plentifully out of it. But a little moderating the evacuation, the Surgeon put in it a &s;ilver pipe, which being be&s;meared with purging and deterging oint|ments, he u&s;ed for &s;ome months; and at length the wound was skinn'd over, without any <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> or <HI>&s;inus</HI> in it. <HI>Fab. Hildan. cent.</HI> 1 <HI>ob&s;erv.</HI> 63. The &s;ame per&s;on advi&s;es, in &s;uch deep wounds and ulcers as are near &s;ome internal cavity, as the Che&s;t, or lower belly, to ab&s;tain wholly from injections that are made with a Syringe, le&s;t &s;ome part of the injection go into the cavity, where it might be the cau&s;e of grievous &s;ymp|tomes with the danger of the Patient.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. I &s;aw an unmarried Woman forty years old, labouring under an Impo&s;thume behind her left ear. About the fourteenth day of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when it was grown to the bigne&s;s of ones Fi&s;t, and the Mat|ter was fully ripe, but retain'd too long through the toughne&s;s of the skin, it made its way downwards. When I was called, I found the Impo&s;thume broke of it &s;elf &s;ome hours before, which run little or no|thing; but a few days after the Woman died, when &s;he had a Fever, Fainting and other Symptomes: Hence it appears that in Impo&s;thumes of this kind, whether they be in the Emunctories or near them, we mu&s;t not &s;tay till they break of them&s;elves, which this Hi&s;tory confirms; &para; There was a Boy three years old, who had an Impo&s;thume about his right &s;houlder, the matter whereof when it was more than
<PB N="6" REF="9"> enough dige&s;ted, and the lancing of it denied, the &s;welling &s;unk by little and little,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hild. <HI>cent. hi&s;t.</HI> 39. <HI>&amp;</HI> 81.</NOTE> and fell by degrees into the lower belly and Genitals, where having ex|tingui&s;hed the innate heat it produced a Gangrene. &para; I &s;aw almo&s;t the like ca&s;e <HI>Anno</HI> 1660 in the Village <HI>Cou&s;&s;i&s;e</HI> in the Canton of <HI>Bern</HI> near <HI>Grandi&s;on.</HI> The Re|verend Mr. <HI>Bourgeois</HI> Pa&s;tor of the Church, a full bo|died man, who fared well, and omitted one Autumn his accu&s;tomed bloud-letting, whereby he u&s;ed to abate his Plethory: In the Winter following a huge Boyl ari&s;eth in the upper part of his back, for which he was not &s;o much as let bloud. I and a Surgeon were called, and found the Ab&s;ce&s;s exceeding ripe, and pre&s;&s;ing it with my fingers found it hollow: I bid the Surgeon u&s;e his Lancet, which he did; but the Patient felt it not. And he took great pieces of Fle&s;h away. It ca&s;t out good and plentifull Matter; yet without Fever, Fainting, or any other grievous Symptome, his &s;trength was perfect, and his &s;to|mach good: For I found him on his leggs, not dreaming in the lea&s;t of his death, which I &s;ignified to his Wife, who took me for mad. I took leave of my Patient, intending to return to <HI>Newenburg</HI> in <HI>Swit|zerland,</HI> where I then practi&s;ed Phy&s;ick: But within three hours I was recalled to the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of the dying man, who a few hours after departed this life.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A Girl eight years old had a &s;mall Swelling &s;anguine and phlegmatick on the out &s;ide of the right under jaw. I fearing le&s;t the &s;car &s;hould &s;poil her face, did before the Ab&s;ce&s;s came to break, re&s;olve to try to di&s;per&s;e it; according to <HI>Guido,</HI> who &s;aith that &s;ome|times &s;uppurated Impo&s;thumes are cured by di&s;cu&s;&s;i|on. After who&s;e example <HI>Paraeus</HI> cured &s;uch another Ab&s;ce&s;s with crude Mercury mixt with <HI>Diapalma.</HI> I in imitation of him mixed one drachm of the &s;aid Mercury with an ounce of <HI>Diapalma,</HI> and applied it to the &s;uppurated Tumour,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Diony&s;ius Io|meret</HI> apud <HI>Riverium</HI> ob&s;. <HI>1.</HI> Vid. <HI>Holleri|um</HI> de mat. ch. rurg. lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> which within four days was wholly di&s;per&s;ed. The following qualifications are requi&s;ite to the di&s;per&s;ing of &s;uppurated Matter. 1. That the quantity be but &s;mall. 2. That it be thin and &s;erous. 3. That it be near the skin and &s;ur|face of the Body. 4. That it be in a &s;trong and young Body, and &s;oft fle&s;hed. 5. That it be Summer time.</P>
<P N="15">XV. The Site of the Fibres is to be taken &s;pecial heed of: for I ob&s;erved, an ignorant Barber once opened an Impo&s;thum<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> on the forehead cro&s;s-ways: The Impo&s;thume indeed was &s;ucce&s;sfully cured, but the Patient was ever after deprived the benefit of his Eyes, except when he pa&s;ted up his eye-brows with Pla&s;ters. It were more advi&s;able to leave &s;uch Impo&s;thumes to Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rol&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ceius</HI> di&s;&s;er<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Ana<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> than to commit the Inci&s;ion of them to unskilfull hands. See <HI>Galen.</HI> 4. <HI>de admini&s;tr. Anatom. c.</HI> 1.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. There lies a Nerve under the Buttocks, which if it be cut in Suppuration, or when it is laid bare, be hurt by cold, it leaves the Thigh under it benummed. A certain man had an Impo&s;thume in the bending of his Buttock where it ends in the Thigh;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hollerius</HI> in&s;t. ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. l <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI> &amp; l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> when the Matter was clean&s;ed the Nerve was made bare, which being hurt by the cold, left the whole Thigh benummed.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. If there be but little Matter, there is no harm if all run out, which is fit and ready for run|ning, without any violent or long pre&s;&s;ing of it (a thing u&s;ual with many Surgeons) from which I could never yet ob&s;erve any benefit to accrue to the Pa|tient; but oft times much hurt. Indeed when the Matter re&s;ides in &s;ome place remote from the Orifice or is conveyed onely by a &s;inuous pa&s;|&s;age to the Orifice, then it is lawfull and re|qui&s;ite to &s;queeze it out by a gentle pre&s;&s;ure of the Part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I &s;aw a Woman who&s;e belly was harder than any &s;tone. I ordered <HI>Empla&s;t. de Mucilag.</HI> to be applied, when the place was grown redder and &s;eem'd to give way a little, I ordered it to be lan|ced, and a good deep inci&s;ion to be made, great &s;tore of Matter gu&s;hed out, and &s;he recovered. The Mu&s;cles of the Belly have a very thick Membrane, which except it be pierced, the Matter can &s;carce ever get out: Moreover I have ob&s;erved the&s;e &s;wellings, when they have not been cut,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius.</HI> om. ad aph. <HI>7.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> have turned into Stones, and the whole Me&s;entery for the &s;ame rea&s;on hath almo&s;t been as hard as a Stone.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. A Boy having a &s;welling in his Belly was reckoned Hydropick, and when his navel &s;tuck very much out, at la&s;t they opened the &s;welling, and there run out eight or ten pints of laudable Matter, and &s;o he was well cured. Young Practitioners mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that &s;uch Impo&s;thumes are often bred in Childrens Bellies, which re&s;emble the Drop&s;ie;<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. E&s;tinov. <HI>ob&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rvat.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and if they be opened by the Arti&s;t in Time, the Patient e&s;capes for the mo&s;t part certain death.</P>
<P N="20">XX. If Pain &s;eize any part of the Body, and you have any &s;u&s;picion that matter is gathered there; if the party &s;weat, e&s;pecially about his Face, and the Pain continue, you may certainly conclude that Matter is gathered in that part: Therefore though the colour of the Part be not changed yet it mu&s;t be opened to let out the Matter. For it is backed with Experience.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Among all things which move or promote the excretion of Matter, I prefer and commend An|timonial Medicines. For I have often ob&s;erved they have moreover a Virtue to correct all harms brought on the body by Matter, and to hinder the producti|on of Matter anew. Becau&s;e Antimony is not le&s;s &s;erviceable to the Purification of man's body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius <HI>pract. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 15. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 43.</NOTE> than to that of Gold, if it be aright prepared and admi|ni&s;tred. <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> &s;tops the continual generation of Matter from corrupt bloud, and any other alterative Medicine made of Antimony; and e&s;pecially the Bal&s;am artificially prepared out of its Flowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &s;ect. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> and <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris ani&s;atus</HI> is good for the &s;ame, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. In the Cure of Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es after Child-bed you are to inform your &s;elf how the Womb is di&s;turb|ed, and appea&s;e that: and if any part of the After-birth be left behind, to endeavour the bringing that away, and by good Sudorificks, Cordials, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to expell the venome, and fortify the &s;pirits again&s;t the malignity that is thereby contracted, and to con|temperate the heat and acrimony by Juleps and Emul|&s;ions. The &s;wellings ari&s;ing from the&s;e require to be treated in their beginning with moderate Re|pellents and Di&s;cutients. Afterward, according|ly as the matter predominates,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wi&s;eman</HI> obi|rurgical trea|ti&s;e, l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> make way for its di&s;charge; and cure them as in the treati&s;e of Ulcers is &s;hewed.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. A young Woman after Child-bed was &s;ei&s;ed with a great Pain and Swelling in her left Groin and T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">igh with Fever. Sr. <HI>Charles Scarburgh</HI> and Dr. <HI>Weatherly</HI> were con&s;ulted. They pre&s;cribed Bleeding and lenient Purgatives, to evacuate the Humours: al&s;o cordial Juleps, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to contemperate the heat and fortify her &s;pirits again&s;t malignity. I was al&s;o call'd in, and by moderate Repellents mixt with Di&s;cutients in Fomentations and Empla&s;ters with Bandage di&s;per&s;t the humour in the Thigh, and re&s;tored the part to its former temper: but in the mean time the Tumour increa&s;ed in that Groin. I &s;up|purated it after the manner of a <HI>Bubo,</HI> opened it, and endeavoured deter&s;ion: but the Sinus reaching down the Twi&s;t, the Matter could not be di&s;charged with|out laying it more open as in Sinuous Ulcers;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> by which Method I cured it.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Kornthaue|rus</HI> comment. in <HI>Paracel&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e pe&s;te p. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> To break inward Impo&s;thumes in the body no|thing is better than the Juice of Water Cre&s;&s;es: al&s;o the Juice of Garden Cre&s;&s;es, &s;trained and drunk, quickly breaks an Impo&s;thume.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Kunrad.</HI> Mae|dul. de&s;ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> De&s;tilled Oil of Ma&s;terwort is one of the be&s;t di&s;cutient Medicines for hard Tumours, and unripe Im|po&s;thumes.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="7" REF="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. David Ru|landus</HI> phar|macop. novae thecae <HI>29.</HI> de &s;tercore an&s;e|rino. p. <HI>162.</HI></NOTE>3. For all Impo&s;thumes; Starve an old Gander for 3 days, then give him pieces of an Eel newly kil|led, and gather his Excrements: You will have a pre&s;ent remedy for all Impo&s;thumes, it is <HI>Rulandus</HI> his Experiment.</P>
<P N="4"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. Stokerus</HI> pract. morb. partic. c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE>4. To break any Impo&s;thume; Take of Water|cre&s;&s;es as much as you plea&s;e, pound it with Hogs lard, lay it upon the place.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Varig|nana <HI>&s;ecret. &s;u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lim. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;erm.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 5. Arnoldus Wi|kardus <HI>tract. pract. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1 <HI>p.</HI> 534.</NOTE>5. This we have tried; Take of Pigeons dung and Darnel each alike, boyl them in Wine and then make Application.</P>
<P N="6">6. Goo&s;e-dung applied fre&s;h and hot, pre&s;ently makes way for ripening a Sore.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Aegylops, Anchylops.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Cure without In&s;trument or Fire. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one ri&s;en from a coated Tumour. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by the help of a Seton. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How cancrous &V;lcers ri&s;en about the greater corner of the Eye may be cured. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Metall may be u&s;ed in Cauterizing. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When in an <HI>Anchylops</HI> there is occa&s;ion for Repellers, when for Suppuraters. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Young Maid had a &s;welling at the inner corner of the left Eye, ari&s;en from a Defluxion from her Head, which when it was pre&s;t, water ran out of her Eye (this was an <HI>Aegylops;</HI> but if it run not, it is an <HI>Anchylops</HI>) afterwards the Bone was eaten through to the No&s;trils, and the Purulent Matter ran through them: We fir&s;t purged the Head with Cephalick Pills; afterwards we laid on a Collyry to dryup the weeping moi&s;ture, re&s;olving to try all things without the In&s;trument, le&s;t the Face &s;hould be &s;poil'd: Then we applied a potential Cautery to that part of the No&s;e, where there is no danger of the Orbicular Mu&s;cle of the Eye: After the fall of the E&s;char, the Fle&s;h grew &s;o proud in the bottom, that we were forced to keep it back &s;ometime with Precipitate, and often as the fle&s;h increa&s;ed, the Cure was retarded with repeated Cau&s;ticks: At length when no Matter or Water came by the No|&s;trills, and we perceived the hole of the carious bone was filled with &s;ound fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bartho|linus <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>hi&s;tor.</HI> 85.</NOTE> we made u&s;e of driers and clean&s;ers of the bone; but without In&s;trument or fire pre&s;cribed by <HI>Aegineta.</HI> Whereupon the wound was clo&s;ed up with a &s;mall &s;car. &para; If you find the bone carious, lay it as bare as you can, after &s;trew plentifully upon it <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> finely powder|ed, than which nothing is better in carious bones. You need not fear the acrimony; for our <HI>Euphorbium</HI> does not inflame the adjacent fle&s;h. But I would have a Seton fir&s;t u&s;ed, which is of &s;uch moment, that I have ob&s;erved in &s;everal per&s;ons an inveterate la|chrymal <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> could &s;carce be cured without the help of this.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabricius Hil|danus <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;ervat.</HI> 3.</NOTE> Nor would I have any thing attempted, before the Seton have run for &s;ome time, and have drawn to it the Matter, which fell upon the <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. There is another <HI>Aegylops</HI> often bred of a tough humour like gelly inclo&s;ed in a bladder which cannot be cured without opening the Tumour with a knife or a potential Cautery, and taking away of the skin;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchiridii med. pract. p. <HI>88.</HI></NOTE> and then, le&s;t the Ail return, a burning hot Cautery mu&s;t be applied to cau&s;e an E&s;char, which when it is fallen off, &s;ome beaten Allum mixt with Turpentine may be applied, till it be perfectly heal|ed. &para; Becau&s;e this Swelling cannot be cured with Medicines alone, it mu&s;t be taken hold on with a pair of Nippers, and cut round the bottom with a knife;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus <HI>tab.</HI> 31. <HI>arma|ment.</HI></NOTE> yet &s;o that the whole &s;pungy Caruncle be not cut off, which is not unfitly called <HI>The Bridle of Tears:</HI> for upon taking it away a perpetual efflux of them or an incurable <HI>Rhyas</HI> doth follow.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Matron about thirty years of age after fre|quent inflammation of the Eyes and Head-ach had a Lachrymal <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> aro&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 19.</NOTE> and was cured by the help of a Seton.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Sometimes there are cancrous Ulcers in this part, which cannot be cured, except the part be burnt, and the Veins and Arteries e&s;pecially be burnt thoroughly and to the quick:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchiridion med. pract: p. <HI>89.</HI></NOTE> For &s;o the cure will be mo&s;t &s;afe without fear of relap&s;e, becau&s;e when the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are burnt, there can be no more new Defluxion.</P>
<P N="5">V. In the burning an <HI>Aegylops</HI> I &s;hould with the more approved Phy&s;icians, prefer an actual Cautery before that they call Potential: But why do they order it to be of Gold rather than of any other mat|ter? For one would think it might commodiou&s;ly be made of Iron, nay perhaps more commodiou&s;ly; &s;eeing there is an a&s;tringent Virtue confe&s;t to be in Iron, a quality very requi&s;ite in this ca&s;e: Again, Gold if it be violently heated, melts; if indiffere<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t|ly, it is to no purpo&s;e: Yet <HI>Johannes Montanus</HI> a great Phy&s;ician, chu&s;eth Gold or Bra&s;s in his Coun&s;els,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Plempius</HI> Ophi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> mogr. l. <HI>5.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> by rea&s;on the burning is greater, and the Scar deep|r, than the tender particles here expo&s;ed can endure.</P>
<P N="6">VI. All the difficulty in the Cure is about Re|pre&s;&s;ers and Suppuraters, for either of them &s;eem to incurr the hazard of a <HI>Fi&s;tula:</HI> that in|deed by repelling the humour to the Parts within; and this by putrifying: Neverthele&s;s both mu&s;t be done &s;ometime of Nece&s;&s;ity. When the Defluxi|on fir&s;t begins, and the corner of the Eye ailed no|thing before, repre&s;&s;ers are convenient, for if this place never ailed any thing before, the Parts under|neath are &s;trong, therefore Repul&s;ion &s;hould be made to the &s;ides rather than directly under: But if in the proce&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e an Inflammation ari&s;e, in this ca&s;e Repul&s;ion is no way convenient. Some|time we mu&s;t u&s;e Suppuraters, when Nature hath al|ready begun the Suppuration, and the Humour is San|guine and in great plenty, &amp; when Suppuration can|not be avoided,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia</HI> prael. pract. part. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>20.</HI></NOTE> which when made though but imper|fectly, the Ab&s;ce&s;s mu&s;t be opened.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of Fine Honey, <HI>Aloe Hepatica</HI> each 2 ounces, Myrrhe 1 ounce, Saffron half a drachm, Water 2 pounds. Boyl them over a gentle fire to half,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Petrus Bayru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> de med. hum. corp. malis, l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>26.</HI></NOTE> let a new little Sponge be put in the hot decoction, wring it out, wrap it in a fine rag, bind it to the place, and you will &s;ee a wonderfull effect as I have often experienced.</P>
<P N="2">2. I never found any thing better, than what fol|lows; Take of <HI>Aqua vitae, mel Ro&s;atum,</HI> each 1 drachm, Myrrhe 2 drachms. Mix them,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Chalme<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us</HI> enchri. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hi|rurg. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>20.</HI></NOTE> make a Liniment wherewith the part mu&s;t be anointed morning and night.</P>
<P N="3">3. Take Garden Rue, which Fullers u&s;e, beat it very fine and apply it, it cures this Ail excellently well. It is very biting at the fir&s;t; but it will pre|&s;ently grow ea&s;y,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Trall. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 23.</NOTE> and (which mu&s;t be admired) it leaves either no Scar at all, or no disfiguring or re|markable one behind it.</P>
<P N="4">4. Services brui&s;ed and applied are reckoned a &s;in|gular Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. We<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|kard <HI>the&s;aut. pharmacop. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Agonia,</HI> or Pangs of Death. How per&s;ons at the point of Death are to be Revived.</HEAD>
<P>WHen Phy&s;icians perceive the Hippocratical Signs of Death, they bid adieu to their Pa|tients, le&s;t they &s;hould expo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e them&s;elves, their Art and their Medicines: But they &s;hould not be given
<PB N="8" REF="10"> up, but all means rather &s;hould be u&s;ed, which have any po&s;&s;ibility to prolong life. For I have known &s;everal at the point of death, who have been given over by the Phy&s;icians and yet have recovered by incon&s;iderable means, I will give you my opinion freely; In the Heart, which is the la&s;t that dies, the vital Spirits are extingui&s;hed divers ways. I. By the exce&s;&s;ive heat of the Bloud: Cooling Potions and Epithemes to the Brea&s;t relieve &s;uch per&s;ons. II. O|thers die, when there is not a &s;ufficient Affluence to the heart to continue the Circulation. 1. If new Chyle pa&s;s not to the Heart, either by rea&s;on of Ex|pul&s;ion of the Food by Dy&s;entery, Vomiting, or &s;ome fault in the ve&s;&s;els of the Me&s;entery, or if it pa&s;s not by the proper ways: Transfu&s;ion of man's or Calf's bloud would do good in this Ca&s;e. 2. If the Bloud, which &s;hould be carried back by the Veins, do clot and congeal, and this it does variou&s;ly in various Di&s;ea&s;es, in the Phthi&s;ick, deep Con&s;ump|tion and Fevers, the <HI>Lympha</HI> or u&s;efull <HI>Serum</HI> is want|ing in the bloud; A warm bath, which di&s;&s;olves the Coagulation, relieves &s;uch for a time: In Tartarous Di&s;ea&s;es, as the Scurvy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Bloud wanting Spi|rituous Parts is made tough and thick; &s;uch Patients begin to die at the extreme parts; warm baths al&s;o and &s;pirituous Potions, which hinder Coagulation, do help &s;uch: In &s;uch, when they are dead the Arte|ries are flaccid, and the Veins do &s;trut. III. The motion of the bloud is choaked by &s;uffocating Ca|tarrhs, ina&s;much as the Lungs (through which the Circulation of the Bloud is made out of one Ventri|cle of the Heart into the other) and the Ve&s;&s;els of Re&s;piration are choaked by a cold Vi&s;cidity: Let the &s;ick Per&s;ons be laid on their &s;ide, that the Phlegm may run out at the mouth, apply a hot Pulte&s;s to the Throat and hot &s;and to the Head and Neck. Becau&s;e Apoplectick per&s;ons die of &s;uch Phlegm &s;topping up the Ventricles of the Brain, Cupping the head and bli&s;tering the neck &s;ignify little if Apophlegmati&s;ms will not do: The vi&s;cia Matter mu&s;t be drawn out of the no&s;trils, the Patient's Head mu&s;t be rai&s;ed, and &s;haked a little, to make the matter de&s;cend. In an Agony, when there was ratling, and &s;carce any Breathing, hot Pulte&s;&s;es, and Sand applied to the throat and brea&s;t, and a &s;mall draught of warm &s;pirit of Wine with Oil of Almonds,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ex Mi&s;cel. cu|rio&s;. an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <HI>1671.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>159.</HI></NOTE> recovered a man of Seventy. If the root of the Tongue and the Wind-pipe, have any glutinous &s;tuff baked to them, Ni|trous liquours and cleaning with a Surgeon's hand are good.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Alopecia,</HI> or Falling of the Hair. We mu&s;t proceed gradually in the application of Remedies.</HEAD>
<P>THree kinds of Remedies ought to be provided, Weak ones which are of u&s;e in beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es, and in &s;light Ails, in hot Countries, and tender bodies, as of Children, Women and Per&s;ons of Quali|ty; Moderate ones in midling bodies; and Strong ones in &s;trong and old Di&s;affections. We have laid down this di&s;tinction, that it may be carefully ob&s;erved in the pre&s;ent ca&s;e, that two errours, that are frequently committed, may be avoided, that is, Ulceration of the skin by &s;harp Medicines, and Con&s;umption of the innate moi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ure of the Part by driers, which u&s;ually cau&s;e an incurable Baldne&s;s. For that rea&s;on the place affected &s;hould be often look'd on, that we may know whether the Medicine applied be too weak or too &s;harp: For a weak Medicine either hath no ef|fect at all, or a very &s;low one upon the body; and a &s;trong one acts too violently and ha&s;tily upon it. <HI>Ron|deletius Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 1. See <HI>Sennert. cap.</HI> 4. <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>Pract. part.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. For falling of the Hair of long continuance, the juice of &s;corching Fennel,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius <HI>tetrab. l.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 25.</NOTE> made into a Pla&s;ter is a pre&s;ent remedy. You need take no further care; for the outer skin will fall off, and when the Matter is clean&s;ed, the Hair will grow of it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="2">2. Rub the place well; then cut an Onion very &s;mall, and beat it up with juice of Rhadi&s;h and a little Honey, rub the skin gently, then apply this;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. ibid.</NOTE> Take of the &s;eed of Garden Cre&s;&s;es, Mou&s;e-dung, Pepper, white Hellebore each a like quantity. Beat them up with Vinegar.</P>
<P N="3">3. In falling of the Hair, cau&s;ed by rarity of the skin or defect of the Nutritive faculty, it is found by experience, that nothing can be devi&s;ed better for &s;hedding the Hair, than <HI>Ladanum</HI> mixt with <HI>Oleum Lenti&s;cinum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. ibid.</NOTE> or in&s;tead of <HI>Ol. Lenti&s;c.</HI> with <HI>Oleum Ompha|cinum</HI> drawn out of &s;owre Olives, applied to the Head when &s;haven.</P>
<P N="4">4. Mallow root is good to make the Hair grow thicker if the Head be wa&s;hed with Lie made of Mal|low root,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Baricellus</HI> hort. genial. p. <HI>139.</HI></NOTE> and then the Hair be &s;meared with Juice of Mallows. The Hair will grow plentifully and &s;peedily.</P>
<P N="5">5.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Bayrus</HI> de med. corp. h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. malis, l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> There is an admirable property in Willow root and Oil, to pre&s;erve the Hair from falling. The Bark of the Root burnt and powdered mixt with Styptick Wine, and Oil of Myrtle is very good for Children.</P>
<P N="6">6. I have often found by experience, when the hair of the Beard and Eyebrows have &s;hed, that after Purging they have by the ble&s;&s;ing of God been cured, who u&s;ed the following remedy. I made a Decocti|on of Southernwood, and with the A&s;hes of it dried and burnt, I then made a <HI>Lixivium,</HI> by putting the &s;aid A&s;hes in the Decoction: I rubbed the bare places very well, I bathed them with the &s;ame warm Lie and wa&s;hed them often. In a &s;hort time the Hair grew again.</P>
<P N="7">7.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;t. <HI>l.</HI> 8. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 2.</NOTE> One u&s;ed a Pla&s;ter of Flies brui&s;ed made up with Turpentine and yelks of Eggs, and the Hair grew in great abundance.</P>
<P N="8">8. In falling of the Hair after Sickne&s;s this is a &s;in|gular remedy; Take of black Maiden hair, true Maiden hair, each half an handfull, Ro&s;e leaves, Myrtle, Wormwood, each one handfull: Boil them in &s;weet oil and red &s;owre Wine of each 9 ounces, till the Wine be con&s;umed. Strain them and pre&s;s them out. Then take of this Oil 3 ounces, of <HI>Ladanum</HI> 2 ounces and an half, Ma&s;tick half an ounce.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ob&s;. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> Let the Gums be beaten in a Mortar with a hot pe&s;til pouring in the Oil by little and little, then &s;trow on and mix well of the Maiden hair 4 &s;cruples.</P>
<P N="9">9. Burn <HI>Nigella,</HI> mix it with a little Water and ap|ply it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE> This is found wonderfull good to bring Hair when you apply it to the Head or Chin, but e&s;pecially to the Eyebrows.</P>
<P N="10">10. For Baldne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hatenriffer <HI>no&s;odoch. p.</HI> 75.</NOTE> The Fat of Moles boiled in water is found to be a mo&s;t excellent means to pro|duce Hair.</P>
<P N="11">11. To make the Hair grow again; Take the Leaves of Water Lily, boil them well in fre&s;h butter, &s;train them and then beat them well together again.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Stokori</HI> pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. aureae l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> Make an Ointment, wherewith anoint the place, and it will grow wonderfully.</P>
<P N="12">12. I have tried in falling of the Hair,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Arn.</HI> villa nov. l. <HI>1.</HI> bre|viar. c. <HI>22.</HI></NOTE> if the bare places be anointed with the juice of Yarrow and Oil of Bays mixt together, the Hair will come thick.</P>
<P N="13">13. To make Hair come again on any place where the Hair is &s;hed. Take the inner bark of Elm root, brui&s;e it, boil it well in water, gather what &s;wims at the top. Shave off what hair there is on the bald place, rub it violently with a cloth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>47.</HI></NOTE> till it grow red, then anoint with the fore&s;aid liquour, If you do this often, you will make Hair grow quickly.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="9" REF="10">
<HEAD><HI>Alvus Ad&s;tricta,</HI> or Co&s;tivene&s;s. (See Leni|tives, Book <HI>XIX.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The way of Loo&s;ening various, according to the diver&s;ity of Cau&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Loo&s;eners hurtfull. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to be given. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters preferred before Purging. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of drinking Oil of &s;weet Almonds. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Stool is cau&s;ed by putting the feet in an emollient De|coction. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Tartarum Emeticum. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Crude Mercury taken. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Straining to be avoided. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom Cly&s;ters are proper. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not purge Phlegm too much. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pickled Meats good. <HI>XII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF the Belly be to be loo&s;ened, re&s;pect mu&s;t be had to the Cau&s;es; if it be dried up, the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t neither give <HI>Aloes</HI> nor Scammony, nor any Pur|gatives, according to <HI>Hippocrates de m. m. If you would cau&s;e a &s;tool,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>drink no Purge, but u&s;e other things; for, be&s;ides that it will do no good in this ca&s;e, it will draw more to the Inte&s;tines.</HI> If heat be the cau&s;e of Co&s;tivene&s;s, Mucilages of Lin&s;eed, Quince and Fleawort-&s;eed may be put in the Cly&s;ters: by this means the thick and corrugated parts are made laxe, the hard are &s;oft|ned, and the heat of the Inte&s;tines pa&s;&s;eth away in Steam: If the Faculty of the Guts be &s;low, languid and dull, they mu&s;t be involuntarily excited to mo|tion by &s;harp Cly&s;ters, in which you mu&s;t leave out the oily things which are u&s;ually added, le&s;t their Virtue be made dull: If one go not to &s;tool becau&s;e the Liver breeds no Choler, have a care of Rheu|barb: If from abundance of Wind, the effect of a weak Stomach, <HI>Hiera</HI> &s;hould rather be given than <HI>Ca&s;|&s;ia:</HI> If from want of &s;u&s;tenance, more plenty of it mu&s;t be allowed: for Weight and Pinching are cau&s;es that move the Expul&s;ive Faculty. &para; <HI>Sennertus, in Epitome In&s;tit.</HI> blames the Weakne&s;s of the Mu&s;cles of the Bel|ly (which al&s;o concur to the exclu&s;ion of the Ex|crements) Therefore Childbed Women go to &s;tool with difficulty, not onely becau&s;e of their long ly|ing in Bed, but becau&s;e their Mu&s;cles are weakned by their labour: Laxatives and meats of the like na|ture are here u&s;ed to no purpo&s;e; &s;ome Turpentine rolled in Tiphany is more convenient, or <HI>Aloes,</HI> or Rheubarb, wherein there is &s;ome &s;mall A&s;triction be&s;ide the &s;timulating Virtue; or a motion is to be procured by &s;harp Cly&s;ters. A certain Melancho|lick per&s;on had a very co&s;tive Body, &s;o that &s;ome|time he went not to &s;tool once in &s;ix or &s;even days. He was cured by taking about two hours before Sup|per &s;ome &s;tewed Prunes with their liquor,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius <HI>centur.</HI> 3. <HI>ob|&s;ervat.</HI> 5.</NOTE> to which he added a &s;mall gla&s;s of Wine mixt with a great deal of water: half whereof he took before his Prunes, and the other half after: &s;o he went well to &s;tool, and this wrought better than Prunes alone are u&s;ed to doe. A Matron about fifty complained that the &s;tronge&s;t Purge would &s;carce work with her; I &s;u&s;pecting the heat and drine&s;s of her inwards (for &s;he was Black, Hairy and Ma&s;culine) by giving her &s;ix drachms of Lenitive Electuary, and half a pint of Whey to be drunk upon it half an hour before Meal, obtain'd that which &s;tronger means were not able to effect: For within a few hours &s;he was very laxa|tive. So I perform'd that by gentle means which the former Phy&s;ician could not doe by &s;tronger.</P>
<P>In Co&s;tivene&s;s accompanied with Wind and tor|menting Gripes, &s;eeing then Acidity is joyned with the Vi&s;cidity of the Humours that turn to Wind, we mu&s;t chiefly make u&s;e of &s;ome oily volatile Salt, mixt with Opiates, and all other Aromaticks, which are likewi&s;e good to break the Wind: But if mere Drine&s;s of the Excrements create this trouble in going to &s;tool, the Excrements mu&s;t be moi&s;tened and &s;oftened before they be voided, and this may be done over &s;ome Steam, or by application of a Flan|nel or Sponge impregnated with the emollient De|coction: for &s;o the excrements will be &s;oftened and more ea&s;ily voided. Be&s;ides, the Belly mu&s;t be anointed with &s;ome emollient Unguent, that the Ex|crements may pa&s;s with more ea&s;e. A few days ago I was called by a per&s;on of Quality, I found a Child four years old very unhealthy, who went to &s;tool but about once in three weeks, and in the mean time the Excrements were baked into Lumps, which you might di&s;tinctly touch through the Mu&s;cles of the Belly, and feel how big they were; nor were they voided without great pain, and &s;ometimes lo&s;s of Bloud, and Sweat all over the Bo|dy. After the u&s;e of an emollient Ointment, with|in eight days he went to &s;tool &s;everal times with much Ea&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml; <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ppen. Tract.</HI> 5. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 141, 142, 143.</NOTE> I have frequently ob&s;erved a Cly&s;ter of Milk with a litle Honey of Ro&s;es hath done much good in &s;uch a ca&s;e: for the Acidity, the u&s;ual companion of Wind, was tempered by rea&s;on of the Milk, and the Excrements were in &s;ome mea&s;ure al&s;o loo&s;ened and &s;oftened.</P>
<P N="2">II. It is not good to u&s;e loo&s;eners, as Apples, Prunes, or other fruit, frequently, and to cau&s;e plentifull evacuation; for they relax the Stomach, which when done, there can be no right concoction:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crato</HI> con&s;i|lio tertio a|pud <HI>Schol|tzium.</HI></NOTE> Seeing we are inform'd, that the Stomach concocts food aright, when it is corrugated and contracted in|to it &s;elf, and that it embraces and contains the whole Ma&s;s till it be concocted.</P>
<P N="3">III. Prunes loo&s;en, e&s;pecially if they be eaten not immediately but &s;ome time before Dinner, and a|lone: for we mu&s;t remember the&s;e common directi|ons for all Laxatives, out of <HI>Galen.</HI> 2. <HI>de Aliment. fac.</HI> The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e they pa&s;s into the &s;ub&s;tance of the Body, for that they are not pure Medicines, but have &s;omething of Nouri&s;hment: Therefore they that give <HI>Manna</HI> and &s;uch things four or five hours di&s;tance from Meals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> are ever di&s;appointed of their End.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In great ob&s;tru&s;tions of the Belly we have ob|&s;erved the Opening of it to be very difficult in &s;eve|ral Patients. We mu&s;t not pa&s;s in &s;ilence, what we have &s;everal times met with in our Practice, that when the Belly &s;eem'd to be &s;ufficiently emptied by purging Potions, and liquid Excrements were voi|ded; neverthele&s;s a great deal of other dry Excre|ments &s;tayed behind in the Gutts, and created a new Ob&s;truction and repeated Pains. I was called to one &s;ick of the Colick; when I had given him a pur|ging Potion, and he had purged much liquid Excre|ments, and yet neither the load in his Belly nor his pains did cea&s;e; I therefore ordered a Cly&s;ter, which brought away great &s;tore of dry and hard Excre|ments. From whence I conjecture, the Potion brought away &s;ome liquid Excrements; but that it was not able to di&s;charge the Load of hardened Ex|crements. But it is u&s;efull in &s;uch an Affection of the Inte&s;tines to loo&s;en the Body with a Cly&s;ter or two, and after to give a purging Potion, which if either it work too &s;low, or Purge but a little,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethius <HI>apud</HI> Schenckium.</NOTE> you may la&s;t of all give a Cly&s;ter to remove the Ob&s;tructi|on with more expedition. In curing a co&s;tive Body, it is better to admit of &s;everal Cly&s;ters &s;ea&s;onably repeated, than to take any one lenient Potion what|ever. One good Purge, admini&s;tred with judg|ment in the Colick pain, does that at once which Cly&s;ters cannot well reach: e&s;pecially in Colick pain from Ob&s;truction of the Excrements above the Valve.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Sometime Colick Pains and many Symptomes ari&s;e from the hardned Excrements. I knew a Pa|tient who was much troubled with a kind of hard &s;welling in his left &s;ide under the Spleen for two
<PB N="10" REF="11"> years. His Phy&s;icians continually ordered him Ointments and Fomentations, without any benefit; at length more Symptomes coming upon him, he died. We opened his Body and found the exceeding hard Excrement was the cau&s;e of that old Swelling: And then we found the cau&s;e why the poor wretch &s;ometime voided by &s;tool certain green and exceed|ing hard round lumps; for the Excrement, by rea&s;on of its weight tending downwards, &s;ome portion of it turn'd globular, which was daily brought away by Cly&s;ters; and afterwards, by rea&s;on of the parching Heat of the great Artery, which was near the place, new Excrement was again joyned to that Ma&s;s, and &s;o hardened: From the foreknowledge of this ca&s;e I cured &s;everal &s;uch with two ounces of Oil of &s;weet Almonds,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius</HI> art. par. c. <HI>94.</HI></NOTE> taken every day for a month together four hours before Meal.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The Feet &s;hould be held in &s;ome mollifying Decoction: for as A&s;tringents are applied to the Soles of the Feet, and the Legs are bathed in &s;ome A&s;trin|gent Bath,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Enchir.</HI> med. pract.</NOTE> when we would bind a loo&s;e Body; So the &s;ame Parts may be bathed in &s;ome emollient Bath to make a Co&s;tive Body loo&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A Co&s;tive Body had brought a man almo&s;t to Death's door; Solutives, whether taken in at the Mouth or by Cly&s;ter, were u&s;ed to no purpo&s;e. The Ob&s;truction continued immoveable for above a fort|night. The Belly ro&s;e in a hard &s;welling with pre|ternatural Heat and wor&s;e Symptomes. I therefore, judging that a de&s;perate Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t have a de&s;pe|rate cure, gave &s;ix grains of <HI>Tartarum Emeticum,</HI> to be taken in fat Broth without &s;alt, and ordered a &s;up|po&s;itory to be given at the &s;ame time:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">renfored. Ia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">endornius <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;. curi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. anni</HI> 73. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 16.</NOTE> Upon this the long de&s;ired Di&s;charge both upwards and down|wards did &s;ucceed. The Patient was for a while very weak; but a little after he recovered per|fectly.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Maid laboured of irre&s;oluble Ob&s;tructi|ons. A de&s;perate Apothecary, when he had tried &s;everal things, gave this de&s;perate Maid two ounces of crude Mercury.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sam. Ledeli|us <HI>mi&s;. curio&s;. anni</HI> 72. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 225.</NOTE> After which plentifull Evacuation &s;ucceeded, and after a few days &s;he recovered her former Health.</P>
<P N="9">IX. I knew a Man, who went to &s;tool but once in a fortnight or three weeks, and ever with &s;o hard &s;training, that bloud &s;tarted out of his No&s;e. Many laugh at <HI>Ficinus,</HI> who, <HI>lib. de &s;an. Studio&s;.</HI> cautions men not to &s;train too hard in going to &s;tool for fear of an Apoplexy or Epilep&s;y. What &s;uch hard &s;training can doe, this pre&s;ent In&s;tance doth &s;hew: Nor is it any wonder to me that the Veins and Ar|teries in the <HI>Plexus Choroides</HI> (part whereof reaches to the Ventricles of the Brain) &s;hould either be bur&s;t or &s;o &s;trained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph Salmuth. <HI>cen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> as to &s;traiten the Brain; and &s;o cau&s;e tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Excrements are often gathered in the up|per and larger part of the <HI>Colon</HI> near the Liver and Stomach: And becau&s;e the Body is per&s;pirable, if at any time one be &s;low in going to &s;tool, the Sto|mach grows &s;queami&s;h by rea&s;on of the filthy &s;tink of the Excrements, the appetite is de&s;troyed, the Heart faints,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riolan.</HI> an|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ropograph.</NOTE> and the Brain is &s;tuffed and oppre&s;s'd; then nothing is better than to wa&s;h the Guts with Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Phlegm bred in the Stomach conduces to the better expul&s;ion of the Excrements; for unle&s;s the Inte&s;tines be moi&s;t and &s;lippery, Excretion will be difficult. We under&s;tand the nece&s;&s;ity of this thing from &s;ome per&s;ons troubled with the Colick, who&s;e Guts were &s;o &s;odden with Cly&s;ters, Fomen|tations,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riolanus</HI> in Enchirid.</NOTE> and all &s;orts of Medicines, that they were like Leather; &s;uch never go to &s;tool except forced.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The Ancients u&s;ed pickled Meats, and they are left off by us, to the great detriment of the Sick; For it is certain, that the&s;e Pickled things did not onely cut Phlegm and provoke to Stool; but they exceedingly &s;trengthened the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">to.</NOTE> helped Concoction, and &s;tirred up an Appetite. But if the Body itch, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A Medicine for Co&s;tivene&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartho|lin. <HI>ob&s;. med.</HI> 5.</NOTE> One cured a Co&s;tivene&s;s, that had la&s;ted three weeks, by drink|ing onely a good quantity of Whey made of Goat's Milk.<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. Agricola <HI>in</HI> Poppium <HI>tract. de tar|taro, p.</HI> 688.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Tincture of Tartar is very good for Co&s;tive|ne&s;s.</P>
<P N="3">3. It is wonderfull, but u&s;ual, for Lettuce eaten in a &s;mall quantity, to bind; but eaten plentifully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Bened. <HI>l.</HI> 13. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE> to loo&s;en.</P>
<P N="4">4. To loo&s;en a Co&s;tive Body.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Borel</HI> hi&s;t. &amp; ob&s;. med. cent. <HI>2.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>18.</HI></NOTE> To&s;t a &s;lice of Bread, be&s;prinkle it with Oil Olive, eat it in the Morning; you will &s;ee the effect, e&s;pecially if you do it twice or thrice.</P>
<P N="5">5. An ea&s;y Purge; Take of the Oil of Indian Pine nut, or of <HI>Ricinus Americanus</HI> drawn by Expre&s;&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. cent. <HI>3.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>29.</HI></NOTE> 2 drops, in drink or broth, it will make you purge gently.</P>
<P N="6">6. The Pulp of Corinths without any mixture is highly commended as a Specifick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fred. Hof. <HI>meth. med. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. The following Broth doth mo&s;t certainly loo&s;en the Body, and leave it loo&s;e for &s;ome days fol|lowing; Take of Bete Leaves, Mercury,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>River.</HI> prax. med. l. <HI>11.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> each 1 hand|full, Boil them in ordinary Broth; Take a Me&s;s of it an hour before dinner.</P>
<P N="8">8. Aloes is very good to loo&s;en a co&s;tive Body, and <HI>Species Hierae</HI> made with 8 parts of Aloes, which may be given from half a drachm to a whole one,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>pract. part.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE> an hour before Supper. But it mu&s;t not be often u&s;ed, e&s;pecially in dry Bodies.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aneuri&s;ma,</HI> or an Aneuri&s;m.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Nature and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Purging. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by hard Binding. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening &s;eldom &s;afe. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution when an Artery is opened in&s;tead of a Vein. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured with a Cap of beaten Lead. <HI>VI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Could never conceive how the inner coat of an Artery can be broke which is thick, and the outer Coat, which is as thin as a Cobweb, &s;hould en|dure whole (which is <HI>Sennertus</HI> his opinion) and &s;o breed an Aneuri&s;m, when indeed there is no &s;uch di&s;tinction of Coats at all. But I acknowledge it may be bred two ways; One way from an External; Another from an Internal cau&s;e: The External is a Wound made in the Artery by an unskilfull Surgeon. For the Artery may be skinned over, and yet not &s;o &s;oundly healed, but that the Bloud, forcing vio|lently on the weak part of the Coat, may rai&s;e a Tumour upon it: The internal cau&s;e is the Opening or <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is</HI> of a little Artery, by which the Bloud pa&s;&s;ing into the empty &s;pace or Inter&s;tice of the Mu&s;cles, is congealed into a Clod, which increa&s;ing by degrees, and by continuance being more con|cocted, turns into a fle&s;hy Ma&s;s, not unlike the Mu&s;cles, which is found hollow, and contains in its middle plenty of black clotted Bloud. And in what I &s;ay, I am back'd with experience, acquired by Di&s;&s;ection of an Aneuri&s;m in <HI>Venice, Anno</HI> 1643. and with the Te&s;timony of famous <HI>Bogdanus, Ob&s;ervat. Med.</HI> 8. But as the fir&s;t ca&s;e may be cured by binding and pre&s;&s;ing the Tumour; &s;o the &s;econd ca&s;e &s;carce ad|mits of any cure at all, unle&s;s one will cut the Arte|ry, by dividing the skin take away the fle&s;hy lump,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. Van H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> <HI>microtech. &s;ect.</HI> 26.</NOTE> and fill up the broken Artery with new fle&s;h by Sar|coticks. I and a Surgeon were called to cure an A|neuri&s;m, occa&s;ioned by letting of Bloud, I pre&s;ently
<PB N="11" REF="11"> threw away the things which were improperly ap|plyed to &s;often the T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">our;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Tom.</HI> 2. <HI>Lib.</HI> 9. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 1.</NOTE> becau&s;e Gangrene, Mortification and Corruption of the Part do follow &s;uch Softning and Suppuration. The Part affected is very often the Neck, becau&s;e of the Carotid Ar|teries. Yet I have ob&s;erved it in the Arms and Legs. The Cau&s;e is a &s;harp, &s;erous and bilious Hu|mour, eating either one or both the Coats of the Artery, and &s;ometime the neighbouring Bones. Sur|geons, ignorant in their own Art, take it for an Ab|&s;ce&s;s, and having opened it with an In&s;trument, the Patient dies immediately in their very pre&s;ence. The Tumour mu&s;t in the Beginning be compre&s;t pre&s;ently, and the &s;harp Humour repelled: Both the&s;e things may commodiou&s;ly be done by a thin Plate of Lead. I cured a poor man palliatively by this means, &s;o that he lived fifteen years after it: The Swelling was above his right Knee, as big as a Hen's Egg. Some advi&s;e to intercept the flux of Bloud, by tying the Artery above and below the Aneuri&s;m, and when you have cut it to heal it: But this is a painfull kind of Remedy; nor is it &s;afe. I had rather, to &s;ave ones Life, cut off an Arm or a Leg. We di&s;&s;ected the Body of a poor Man, who died of an Aneuri&s;m, we found plenty of Bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Barbette, <HI>Practic. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> both Serous and Gru|mous, and both Coats of the Arteries and the great|e&s;t part of the Collar Bone on the Left &s;ide ero|ded.</P>
<P N="2">II. One was let Bloud in the Ba&s;ilick Vein for an Itch cau&s;ed by a Melancholick Humour, and the Ar|tery was al&s;o prickt, whereupon, by little and little, an Aneuri&s;m aro&s;e, to which, when for above a Months time they had applyed &s;everal things to no purpo&s;e, and they were pa&s;t hopes of &s;aving his Arm, he came to me. I found the Swelling as big as a Goo&s;e Egg, pale and al&s;o hard, in which you might not onely feel a Pul&s;ation with your Finger, but you might perceive it by your Eye. I with much en|treaty undertook the Cure thus. When I had in the fir&s;t place ordered his Diet, and applied my Pla&s;ter of Hemlock to the hard Swelling, he took a Cly&s;ter, and a Julep to dige&s;t Melancholick Humours. I then gave him a Purge, which when it had di&s;charged the Noxious Humours both upwards and downwards with great Violence, it &s;o recalled the Spirits and Bloud, which were in the Aneuri&s;m, to the inner parts, that the next day we could perceive no Pul&s;a|tion: The Swelling al&s;o was much fallen; then I applied the following Pla&s;ter. <HI>Take of Empla&s;trum Diachalciteos, Two Ounces; Powder of Ma&s;tick, Red Ro&s;es, Myr|tle, Comfrey Roots, each One Ounce, Oil of Ro&s;es what is &s;ufficient.</HI> Afterwards I made a Bol&s;ter, or rather a Knot of Linen, often doubled, and laid it on the Tumour, and bound it fa&s;t with a Roller,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabricius Hildanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 44.</NOTE> to repre&s;s the Tu|mour, and hinder the influx of the Bloud out of the Artery into the outer Membrane dilated. And by the&s;e Remedies the Arm was perfectly re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="3">III. One prickt with the point of a very &s;harp knife an Artery in his Left Hand, between the Thumb and Fore-finger, the Bloud run out by leaps; with an A&s;tringent Pla&s;ter applied in time, the out|er Coat of the Artery clo&s;ed pre&s;ently, but the in|ner remained open, and they were parted one from the other: Therefore the outer Membrane was &s;o elevated by the vital Bloud, that it degenerated into a true Aneuri&s;m, with a continual Pul&s;ation and Pain in the adjacent Nerves. You could no &s;ooner pre&s;s this Pul&s;atile Tumour with your Fin|gers, but the Bloud pre&s;ently gu&s;hed back to the Veins, and the Aneuri&s;m &s;eemed to be gone: But it immediately came in View again, if you removed your fingers never &s;o little. Surgeons were not wanting who would gladly have &s;eared the Artery acro&s;s with a hot Iron; but the Remedy would have been more cruel than the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e re|quired, and therefore we made tryal rather of an A&s;tringent Pla&s;ter, and bound it &s;o &s;trait with a Plate of Lead, that when the Bloud was forced out of the Tumour, and the gaping of the wound con|veniently &s;hut, the inner Coat of the torn Artery might clo&s;e, and grow together: And it did clo&s;e within five Months,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>c.</HI> 16. <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r.</HI></NOTE> there remained onely a little Knot about the Scar, which at length al&s;o vani&s;hed, before the Aneuri&s;m was perfectly cured.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A Woman beat her Son, about Seven years old, on the left &s;ide of the Head with a Stick, upon the place where the Carotid Arteries pa&s;s, where|upon a Pul&s;atile Tumour, like a Walnut at fir&s;t, black, and yielding to the fingers, pre&s;ently aro&s;e, and within eight days grew &s;o big, that it &s;pread over half the head, from the S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ttal Suture over the Temples and Forehead, to the very Eyes: The Phy|&s;icians, upon Con&s;ultation, judging a doubtfull Remedy &s;hould be preferred before mo&s;t certain ha|zard of Life, open the Swelling with an In&s;tru|ment, and taking away &s;ome part of the Bloud, which gu&s;ht violently out, and &s;topping what re|main'd with &s;trait Ligature and A&s;tringents; and do|ing thus frequently, they perfectly cured the Boy in a few days; Either becau&s;e in young Per&s;ons all things are tender, and ea&s;ily grow together; or becau&s;e the hurt Artery had a bone under it, and &s;o might be bound the harder to make it clo&s;e. Hence <HI>Riolanus</HI> affirms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. <HI>fil. E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">chir. p.</HI> 3<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. Jo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Mi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ha|el Feti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> Th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t the Arteries of the Tem|ples and Forehead may be &s;afely opened. &para; Few find an Aneuri&s;m doe well, becau&s;e the Arteries will not endure opening: Yet &s;ometimes the &s;trength of Na|ture conquers the Di&s;ea&s;e, a &s;trait Ligature do<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h now and then miraculou&s;ly clo&s;e a gaping Artery. But we experience the Effect of this Operation one|ly in the le&s;&s;er Arteries: for in the greater, the Coats, becau&s;e they are thick, are not ea&s;ily bro|ken, unle&s;s of a violent Cau&s;e, and the Ruptures are healed up with more difficulty, and the Aneuri&s;m, becau&s;e of the continual afflux of Spirituous Bloud, daily increa&s;es. The hoped Cure &s;ucceeds bet|ter where the Coat of the Artery is dilated, than where it is quite broken. And upon the Bloud's being hot, and &s;o inclined to Violent Motion, or its being cold and thick, and &s;o &s;low in Motion, the Cure or Death of the Patient doth in a great Mea|&s;ure depend. We &s;aw a Mortal Aneuri&s;m in a young Man, who had hurt his Thigh, nor did we wonder at it, for in opening it, we found the great Crural Artery broken, whereupon the Thigh &s;welled &s;o much, that it &s;eem'd quite Scirrhous; and after he was dead, and his Thigh opened, there run out not onely as much Bloud as would fill three of our Mea&s;ures, but we took out of the <HI>Sinus's,</HI> which were made between the&s;e va&s;t Mu&s;cles, Grumous Bloud, re&s;embling, in &s;hape and bigne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 54.</NOTE> the <HI>Paren|chyma</HI> of the greate&s;t Liver: While he was alive neither Section was &s;afe or po&s;&s;ible, becau&s;e of the huge breach of the great Artery, and of its Lying among the Mu&s;cles; nor was Ligature &s;ufficient. I advi&s;e the young Surgeon not to open Ancuri&s;ms unadvi&s;edly, unle&s;s they be &s;mall, and in an Ignoble Part, and have no Ve&s;&s;els remarkable. Let him rather take this Cour&s;e of Cure: Lay the Skin over it open till you find the Artery, &s;eparate it on eve|ry &s;ide from the Parts about it; run under it a blunt crooked Needle with a Thread in it, bind it, and cut it off; you mu&s;t tarry till t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Threads tied about it fall off them&s;elves, and till Nature have filled the Ends of the cut Artery with Fle&s;h, and then the re&s;t mu&s;t be healed up as in the Cure of &s;imple Wounds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. A Surgeon, when he was Letting a Man Bloud that was &s;ick of a continual Fever, opened an Artery in&s;tead of a Vein. The famous <HI>Garcias &agrave; Lop&egrave;s,</HI> a Jewi&s;h Phy&s;ician of <HI>Burdeaux,</HI> &s;tanding by, &s;uffered him to Bleed above Two Pounds, till he was ready to faint, on purpo&s;e, that the Ve&s;&s;els about the Part being drained, the Pul&s;ation of the Artery, which would have hindred the healing of it, might be le&s;s: Then applying a piece of Silver with a Bol&s;ter, it was hard bound; it was loo&s;ed after Eight days, and the Patient e&s;caped the danger of an Aneuri&s;m.
<PB N="12" REF="12"> He was rid of his Fever by the large Evacuation of Bloud; but he was faint a long time after.</P>
<P N="6">VI. I have had many brought to me with &s;welled Necks, upon &s;u&s;picion that they were troubled with a Species of King's Evil, called <HI>Bronchocele:</HI> but the Pullation of tho&s;e Tumours &s;hewed them to be Aneu|ri&s;ms, and the mo&s;t difficult to treat; they, by rea|&s;on of their Situation, not being capable of Ban|dage.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wi&s;eman's</HI> Chirurgical Treat. Book <HI>1.</HI> Chap. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE> In which ca&s;es I commonly propo&s;ed the wearing of a Cap of beaten Lead, made of many Sheets laid upon one another, and covered with Silk or Sar&s;enet, which with Ribbons were made to fa&s;ten about the Neck with much ea&s;e: or, if they would have Empla&s;ters, I applied &s;ome of a mixture of <HI>&V;n|guent. &s;umach.</HI> with <HI>Empla&s;t. Cae&s;aris,</HI> or &s;uch like.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Clau|dinus, <HI>Con|&s;ult. Med.</HI> 67. Joh. Poppius</NOTE>1. A Pla&s;ter of Elm-Bark boiled, and made up with Wine half boiled away, applyed and kept on till it be dry, is of wonderfull u&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">2. Plantain boiled in Wine, and applyed hot, is good.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sen. <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>Pract. Part.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 43.</NOTE>3. The following Medicine is very good; Take of Frankincen&s;e 2 parts, Aloes 1 part, Mix them, Beat them together with the White of an Egg and Hare's Down. Apply it to the wounded Artery.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Angina,</HI> or Quin&s;ey.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein &s;hould be opened in every one. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be done plentifully, but by turns. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Months are ob&s;tructed, or are pre&s;ent, what Vein mu&s;t be opened. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Di&s;ea&s;e is urgent, whether we mu&s;t begin with letting Bloud under the Tongue. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A very acute one cured by opening the Jugular Veins. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One Suppurated, Cured by cutting in the Neck. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ab&s;ce&s;s opened by a Cheat. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Dog Quin&s;ey Cured by Cupping and Scarifying the Neck. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether cutting of the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria</HI> may be u&s;ed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be forborn, if the Lungs be al&s;o inflamed. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Ba&s;tard Quin&s;ey Cured by an I&s;&s;ue. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Impo&s;thume is broke, care mu&s;t be had that it fall not downwards. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by a <HI>Vertebra</HI> out of joynt, not curable by cup|ping. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be Purged in the beginning. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Gargari&s;ms be proper. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they &s;hould be hot or cold. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Spirit of Wine. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Swallows Ne&s;t be u&s;efull. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There may be Nutrition by Cly&s;ters, when &s;wallowing is lo&s;t. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Malignant one we mu&s;t u&s;e Specificks. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Ba&s;tard Quin&s;ey the Product of Hypochondriack Melancho|ly. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be opened. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding mu&s;t be repeated. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Potions mu&s;t rather be given, than Medicines in a &s;olid Form. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Di&s;cutient Bags are bad. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether a Vein &s;hould be opened in eve|ry Quin&s;ey? The Negative &s;eems pro|bable according to the Opinion of <HI>Me&s;ue,</HI> who &s;ome|times orders a Purge before Bloud-letting, e&s;peci|ally when the matter peccant is al&s;o Cholerick or Phlegmatick; becau&s;e the Cholerick matter boils and ferments higher, when the Bloud is taken away, and the Phlegmatick matter u&s;ually cau&s;eth greater crudity. Nay, if what <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;aith be true, <HI>That it is better the &s;trength &s;hould remain in the Body, and that the peccant Matter &s;hould be taken away by Evacuation;</HI> it of nece&s;|&s;ity follows, that in a Quin&s;ey, cau&s;ed by a Cho|lerick or a Phlegmatick Inflammation, Bloud mu&s;t not be let in the beginning, &s;eeing by this means faintne&s;s follows, and Choler or Phlegm are not fir&s;t purged, which certainly indicate Purging of the Mat|ter rather than Bloud-letting. But we defend the contrary with the greater number, <HI>&s;cil.</HI> That in eve|ry Quin&s;ey, whether the Bloud offend with Choler or Phlegm, or alone, we mu&s;t begin with Bloud-let|ting, if nothing hinder; becau&s;e in the beginning a Man mu&s;t pre&s;ently take care to &s;top the afflux of Humours to the part affected, which may conveni|ently be done by letting of Bloud, which draws back the affluent Matter from the part affected: For as in other Inflammations Bloud is let,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;tius, <HI>Problem. Dec.</HI> 4. <HI>Quae&s;t.</HI> 4.</NOTE> not in re&s;pect of that Matter, which hath already actually cau&s;ed an Impo&s;thume in any part, but for Pre&s;ervation's &s;ake, in re&s;pect of the Matter yet affluent and in|crea&s;ing the Inflammation; &s;o here we pre&s;cribe Bloud-letting in the beginning, le&s;t the Inflammati|on &s;hould be increa&s;ed by the affluent Humours, and there &s;hould be imminent danger of pre&s;ent Suffocation.</P>
<P N="2">II. Seeing a Quin&s;ey is a mo&s;t acute Di&s;ea&s;e, and that &s;ometime it takes a Man away in one day; the Great Remedies are to be u&s;ed with huge Care and Diligence. Therefore, at what hour of the day &s;oever a Phy&s;ician is called, let him take away Bloud pre&s;ently, from the &s;ame &s;ide the part grieved is on, to one pound, a pound and an half, or two pounds, as the Patient can bear it: For the principal hope of &s;afety mu&s;t rely on this Remedy. Yet &s;o great a Quantity of Bloud mu&s;t not be taken at once,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius <HI>Praxeos, lib.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> le&s;t the Patient fall in a &s;woon, whereby his life would greatly be indangered; but at &s;everal times, that is, once in three or four hours.</P>
<P N="3">III. If you meet with a Woman in a Quin&s;ey, who has her Months &s;topt, or is in daily expectati|on of them, or actually has them, what mu&s;t then be done? I would not have you follow them that breathe the upper Veins; for at this time you mu&s;t breathe the lower. <HI>Trallianus</HI> teacheth this, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1. And Rea&s;on teacheth it: For in this kind of Bloud-letting there is not onely Revul&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia</HI> Prae|lect. pract. c. de Angina.</NOTE> but al&s;o an Evacuation of the accu&s;tomed natural Purgation, which hugely helps the Inflammation. But if Strang|ling perplex you, when you have opened the lower Veins, you may with &s;afety open a Vein under the Tongue: For this Bloud-letting draws not from the Womb, nor from the whole Body; but onely evacuates the Part affected.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A Man of Fifty newly fallen &s;ick, was taken about Midnight with &s;o violent a Quin&s;ey, that he was not able to &s;peak one word.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfincci|us,</HI> Con&s;il. v. lib. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> A Surgeon was called, who let him Bloud under the Tongue, and in a &s;hort time he recovered. <HI>Saxonia</HI> Writes, that the opening of the Sublingual Veins &s;hould not be onely once, but repeated twice or thrice, as nece&s;|&s;ity requires, and Suffocation is urgent.</P>
<P N="5">V. The Ancients in a de&s;perate Quin&s;ey opened the Jugular Veins, which Remedy, although it be ap|proved by mo&s;t of the Moderns, is grown quite out of u&s;e in our times, becau&s;e it is accounted dangerous, but erroneou&s;ly. <HI>Trallianus, l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &s;aith, He Cured &s;everal of the Quin&s;ey by opening the&s;e Veins. &para; I had under my Cure, <HI>Anno</HI> 1675. in the Month of <HI>May,</HI> Mr. <HI>Dennis Bordier</HI> of <HI>Geneva,</HI> a lu&s;ty Man, taken with a Quin&s;ey and an acute Fever, although his Breathing and Swallowing were ea&s;ie enough; I bled him in the Arm, the Bloud run very pure, but without any ea&s;e; I bled him under the Tongue al&s;o without any Benefit: But when I opened the Jugular on that &s;ide, where was mo&s;t Pain, very Putrid Bloud ran out like a Rivulet, to his &s;udden and manife&s;t Ea&s;e. Although this Ail ended in a
<PB N="13" REF="12"> Peripneumony, from which he &s;hortly recovered by repeated Bloud-letting and Expectoration.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Matron of Fifty had a Phlegmatick Quin|&s;ey all over her Throat, within and without; the Swelling appeared great outwardly, her Swallow|ing and Speech were hindered: When I touched the place, I found Matter lye deep; wherefore I knew that &s;he would be choaked before the Impo&s;t|hume would break, either inwards or outwards; and feeling of it with my fingers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lanfrancus <HI>Chirurgiae doct.</HI> 2. <HI>tr.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE> I found ripe Mat|ter gathered more between her Chin and the <HI>Epiglot|tis,</HI> than any where el&s;e, and avoiding the Nerves and Ve&s;&s;els, I made a deep Wound in that place, out of which I took a good &s;hare of the Matter, leaving much behind. Then &s;he took her Breath better, and the Fear of Death abated, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> being Plethorick, underwent mo&s;t exqui&s;ite pains in her Jaws, her Ton&s;ills were &s;o &s;welled, that &s;he could not &s;wallow one drop, but threw whatever &s;he took out at her No&s;trils. I ordered Bloud-letting, I u&s;ed Catapla&s;ms and Gar|gari&s;ms, and the fourth day of the Di&s;ea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e, as I was &s;earching the Sore with a Probe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Barbette, <HI>Prax. Med. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> I &s;aw the Ab&s;ce&s;s &s;uppurated: I was re&s;olved to treat her &s;omewhat Inhumanely, I broke the Ab&s;ce&s;s with the very &s;ame Probe; upon which, when &s;he pre&s;ently grew bet|ter, &s;he Laught, and commended my hone&s;t Cheat.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Benivenius,</HI> when a Man was almo&s;t &s;trangled by a latent Quin&s;ey, and given up for Dead, cut the place with deep Ga&s;hes under the Jaws, and on the Throat al&s;o, out of which there run much Corrup|tion, and &s;o rais'd the Man from Death to Life.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Cutting the Windpipe is &s;eldom put in pra|ctice, for fear of Di&s;grace, if when the Operation is perform'd, the Patient &s;hould Dy: Be&s;ides, in a ve|ry dangerous Quin&s;ey, the Lungs are often afflicted and &s;tuffed with Humours, which choak Men; in which Ca&s;e this Operation is practi&s;ed to no pur|po&s;e. Yet Examples are not wanting of tho&s;e that have had good &s;ucce&s;s in it. Famous <HI>Renatus Moreau</HI> u&s;ed it in a Gardiner and a Souldier, both which re|covered of their Di&s;ea&s;e and Wound, onely in the latter there remained a little hoar&s;ene&s;s in his voice. The celebrated <HI>Tulpius, ob&s;.</HI> 50. <HI>l.</HI> 1. &s;hews, that Wounds of this nature heal quickly. Things that were never tried &s;eem terrible, which, after they have been once practi&s;ed, are u&s;ed as confident|ly as they are perform'd ea&s;ily. This is confirm'd by the Opening of the Jugular Veins, now very u&s;ual, and by Cutting for the Stone. The way of performing the Operation is thus; Let the Pa|tient be &s;et in a Chair, with his Head leaning ba<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">k as much as he well can: let the Servant &s;tanding be|hind him, take up the skin on each &s;ide of the fore|part of the Neck, and the Surgeon mu&s;t cut the Skin length-ways with the Mu&s;cles under it, ju&s;t again&s;t the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> not far from the pit of the Throat, and with a broad Lancet he mu&s;t divide the Space between the Cartilages, and having made a hole, he mu&s;t put in a Silver Pipe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van. Horne <HI>Michrotechn. Sect.</HI> 17.</NOTE> a little crooked with Legs: By this way the Breath goes and comes to the Lungs, till the Inflammation be either di&s;per&s;|ed, or brought to Suppuration, and a pa&s;&s;age for breathing by the Mouth be re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="10">X. In that &s;ort of Quin&s;ey, where the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Larynx</HI> are inflamed, called, <HI>The Dog Quin&s;ey,</HI> Breath may be re&s;tored to the Choaking Patient, by the help of Laryngotomy, an Operation le&s;s ha|zardous than the Di&s;ea&s;e. Neverthele&s;s here great Circum&s;pection mu&s;t be u&s;ed, le&s;t, if other parts al|&s;o, as the <HI>Pleura,</HI> Lungs, Gullet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be inflamed, or full of Matter, the labour be in vain, and &s;o give oc|ca&s;ion for Reproach. All things therefore well con|&s;idered, the Operation may be gone about in this manner; Let the Head be bent back a little, that the <HI>Trachaea</HI> may come more in &s;ight, and the Cartila|ginous Rings may part the wider one from another: Let the Skin of the Wind-pipe be cut length-ways to the Pit: Let it be drawn a&s;under by the Servant's fingers on each &s;ide, that the Surgeon may &s;ee the <HI>Sternothyreoides</HI> Mu&s;cles, which are to be parted one from another with a Wooden or Ivory Knife: After the Windpipe &s;hews it &s;elf, Section mu&s;t be made with a Lancet, in the middle &s;pace, between the third and fourth Cartilaginous Ring, taking diligent care that the Cartilages them&s;elves be not hurt. When the Wind comes out, take away your In&s;tru|ment, and fa&s;ten a Silver Pipe in the Wound: Care mu&s;t be taken that it be not over long, nor touch the back-part of the Windpipe,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette,</HI> Pract. p. m. <HI>130.</HI></NOTE> for then it would cau&s;e continual Coughing. When the danger of Choaking is over, which u&s;ually comes to pa&s;s in three or four days, the Pipe mu&s;t be taken away, and the Wound cured the ordinary way according to Art: for it differs not from other Wounds.</P>
<P N="11">XI. When the Impo&s;thume is opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmet<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us <HI>E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. p.</HI> 113.</NOTE> care mu&s;t be taken that the Corruption fall not on the Lungs, nor into the Stomach, for fear of another Di&s;ea&s;e; but it mu&s;t carefully be ca&s;t up at the Mouth, and then a Gargari&s;m of <HI>Hydromel</HI> u&s;ed often is good for Deter&s;ion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. One had been &s;ick of a Ba&s;tard Quin&s;ey, and he often Relap&s;ed: Becau&s;e &s;ome thin Matter al|way flow'd to the fore&s;aid par<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis <HI>Con&s;ul. Med.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> I therefore order|ed him an I&s;&s;ue in one of his Arms, which we tri|ed as the la&s;t Remedy; and by God's A&s;&s;i&s;tence we re&s;tored the Patient to perfect Health.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. There are &s;ome, who in that &s;ort of Quin|&s;ey, which is cau&s;ed by a <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Neck &s;lipt in|wards, u&s;e Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, thinking by that means they may draw the di&s;located <HI>Vertebra</HI> outwards again, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> expre&s;ly forbids, <HI>lib. de Articulis. But it is great weakne&s;s to think to draw out the Verticles &s;lipt in|ward, by applying Cupping Gla&s;&s;es: for they rather drive for|ward than backward, nor do tho&s;e that &s;et them on, take no|tice of this: for by how much fa&s;ter they &s;et them on, &s;o much the more crooked are they made to whom they are applied; be|cau&s;e they &s;hrink the outer skin together.</HI></P>
<P N="14">XIV. When the Patient has bled enough, he may be purged the day following,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> never waiting for the Coction of the Humours, becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e gives no Truce: Nay, if that it be very violent, you may Bleed and Purge the &s;ame day, which <HI>Trallianus</HI> &s;aith he did, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1. But it mu&s;t be done with gentle Medicines, becau&s;e of the Inflammation. &para; After the Patient has been let Bloud, the next morn|ing, if the Fever and Pain be any thing abated, I pre&s;ently give him a gentle Purge, which, after Bloud-letting, is the be&s;t thing can be done, and by often experience I have found it highly nece&s;|&s;ary. If afterwards, which &s;eldom happens,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham, <HI>Ob&s;erv. Sect.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> the Fe|ver and other Symptoms invade him, they mu&s;t be en|counter'd with repeated Bloud-letting as before. Through the whole cour&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e, I order every morning a Cooling emollient Cly&s;ter, except the day allotted for Purging.</P>
<P N="15">XV. There are &s;ome that pre&s;cribe Gargari&s;ms of &s;ome &s;ower and bitter things, that are not very ingratefull to the Ta&s;te, for repelling the Humour: Yet I &s;u&s;pect the u&s;e of the&s;e things in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e the Parts Inflamed &s;hould be quiet; but the Throat and Jaws are moved by Gargling: Therefore I would either have them not u&s;ed at all, or held in the Mouth without &s;tirring,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pr.</NOTE> lying on ones back, that they may come to the Part af|fected. Then I pre&s;cribe the following Gargari&s;m, not to be u&s;ed the common way, but to be kept in the Mouth without Gargling, till it be hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> loc. &s;upra cit.</NOTE> then to be &s;pit out, and more taken. <HI>Take of Water of Plantain, Red Ro&s;es, and Frog Spawn, each four ounces, three Whites of Eggs beaten to water, of White Sugar-Candy three Drachms, make a Gargari&s;m.</HI></P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Galen</HI> and his followers, in all &s;orts of Quin|&s;eys, from the Beginning, u&s;e cold and a&s;tringent Gargari&s;ms, contrary to the Precept of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>de rat. vict. in acut. ver&s;.</HI> 72. who pre&s;cribes Gargari&s;ms actually hot. They mi&s;take, not con&s;idering how &s;uch Medicines cau&s;e certain and &s;peedy Suffocation
<PB N="14" REF="13"> in the Quin&s;ey, which depen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> on Phlegmatick Mat|ter, &s;eeing it gives not place to Repellents, but be|ing thickned and more-&s;etled in the Part, it is ren|dred more unfit for Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, and readier for Suf|focation: and in that which comes of &s;harp and thin Matter, although they be not &s;o pernicious, yet they may doe more hurt than good; for &s;ince they cannot repell upwards the Matter de&s;cending from the Head, when it is forced either to the i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ner parts of the Mu&s;cles of the Throat, or upon the Lungs; they may make the Di&s;ea&s;e more dangerous <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Advice is better, whom all the Ancients follow'd (as you may &s;ee, 6. <HI>de comp. Med.</HI>) while he thinks good in all &s;orts of Quin&s;eys, and at all times, to ab&s;tain from Repellents, and always to u&s;e Rarefiers and Di&s;|cutients, that the Matter may more ea&s;ily be rai&s;ed by Spittle, and be driven outward and di&s;cu&s;s'd. Nor is there any fear the Flux &s;hould increa&s;e, &s;eeing it may be prevented by Bleeding and Purging, and other Remedies re&s;pecting the Matter fluent.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mart<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">anus,</HI> C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. in pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ctum l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cuni p. <HI>308.</HI></NOTE> And if at any time he would have &s;ome A&s;tringents mixt with the fore&s;aid Medicines, when the Matter is thin, he does it not becau&s;e he would repell, but that by their drying virtue, he might avoid too great laxity of the Part, and that he might le&s;&s;en the Swelling: Therefore he approves the u&s;e of them rather in the Beginning, than at another Time, as appears from <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. &s;ect.</HI> 1. <HI>ver&s;.</HI> 24.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Humours &s;ticking in the Fle&s;h, which are wholly extrava&s;ated, cannot run becau&s;e of the thick|ne&s;s: Therefore the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t make them flux+ile with hot Medicines: If one taken with a Quin|&s;ey, do, in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Gargle him&s;elf with Spirit of Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus</HI> m. p. <HI>11<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> all Inflammation of the Throat will cea&s;e in three hours time.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Whether a Swallow's Ne&s;t be of u&s;e? Some di&s;approve it, as <HI>Mercurialis,</HI> becau&s;e the Vir|tue lies not in the Ne&s;t, but in the Bird: But grant the Bird be endowed with &s;uch a peculiar Virtue, yet it ought not be denied the Ne&s;t, becau&s;e the Ne&s;t may have it from the Excrements of the young ones, which are full of Salt. Neither ought it to be rejected for the repellent virtue of the Earth, as <HI>Pereda</HI> doth, becau&s;e all Earth hath not a Repul&s;ive Virtue; nor is it de&s;ired alone, but for the &s;ake of the Dung mixt with it, which is &s;harp and Di&s;cuti|ent, who&s;e &s;harpne&s;s the Earth qualifies. There|fore it is a Remedy mo&s;t proper to di&s;cu&s;s Tumours, chiefly of the Jaws and Throat; e&s;pecially if the Bird have a peculiar virtue again&s;t the Quin&s;ey. If the Quin&s;ey be Phlegmatick, Swallow's Dung u&s;ed inwardly and outwardly is good: But a bilious one is exa&s;perated by the u&s;e of &s;harp Medicines: It concocts and di&s;cu&s;&s;es Phlegmatick Humours, and dries up the &s;uperfluous Moi&s;ture.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>J. Tiengius</HI> had a Nun under Cure, that had an Impo&s;thume in her Throat, which was Twenty days before it broke, or &s;he could &s;wallow any Food: He ordered now and then a Cly&s;ter of &s;weet Milk boild with Yelks of Eggs.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fore&s;tus,</HI> Ob&s;. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">0.</HI> in &s;cho|lio lib. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Amatus</HI> teaches the &s;ame, when the Quin&s;ey is upon the Windpipe and Gullet, that Broths given by way of Cly&s;ter are able to nouri&s;h: <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and others affirm the &s;ame. We kept a Reli|gious Woman alive in a Quin&s;ey for nine days one|ly with Cly&s;ters, and &s;he recovered of her Sickne&s;s. <HI>Bra&s;&s;avolus comm. ad aphor.</HI> 15. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2.</P>
<P N="20">XX. In a Quin&s;ey Symptomatick of a Malignant Fever, we mu&s;t doe nothing before the great Heat be laid, the Body evacuated and altered, and the Parts be pre&s;erved again&s;t the Poy&s;on.</P>
<P N="21"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hen. Petrae|us</HI> in N<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ol. He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mon.</NOTE>XXI. Then Sleep, as in all inward Inflammations, &s;o in this likewi&s;e, mu&s;t be avoided, to our utmo&s;t power; for, according to the Prince of Phy&s;icians, in &s;leep the Bloud retires inwards; therefore the De|fluxion of the Humours to the part affected may be increa&s;ed.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. A Learned Man of a Sanguine Temper, in|clining to adu&s;t, was taken with a Ba&s;tard Quin&s;ey without a Fever, he &s;wallowed difficultly, and found &s;ome &s;traitne&s;s about his Jaws: He tried many things to quiet his trouble&s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uppo&s;ing it came of a Defluxion from the Brain, although there were more &s;igns that that was dry: He Purged his Head often with Pills, he pre&s;cribed to him&s;elf (for he was a Phy&s;ician) a Drying and Sweating Diet, he endeavoured to dry his Head with Bags, Pla&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> he u&s;ed Apophlegmati&s;ms, Sneezing, yea, and made an I&s;&s;ue behind in his Head; all in vain. At that time I was following my Studies at <HI>Paris,</HI> he &s;ent me a De&s;cription of his Di&s;ea&s;e, to &s;hew it to &s;ome famous Phy&s;icians. I con&s;ulted &s;everally with Mon&s;ieur <HI>Carolus Buvardus,</HI> Chief Phy&s;ician to <HI>Lewis</HI> XIII. with Mon&s;ieur <HI>Curaeus de la Chambre,</HI> Phy&s;ician to the High Chancellour, and with Mon&s;ieur <HI>Hurduy|nus de S. Jaques, Phy&s;ician to the Ho&s;pital of Charity:</HI> They well con&s;idering the Con&s;titution of the Patient, declared, The Di&s;ea&s;e was Sympathick, ari&s;ing from Fumes a&s;cending from the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> affecting the Top of the Chimney, <HI>i. e.</HI> the Gullet, and that the tempering and exclu&s;ion of Melancholick Humours mu&s;t be lookt after; they pre&s;cribed him Spaw Waters, the u&s;e of Chalybeates, an I&s;&s;ue in each Leg, and &s;topt up that in his head; they order'd Leeches to the Haemorrhoids, and other things to conquer the Melancholick Humours. The Patient con&s;ented, who a little after was rid both of his Melancholy and his Quin&s;ey.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In this Controver&s;ie I think we mu&s;t take great notice, whether the Body abound with Bloud, either naturally, or becau&s;e of the manner of living, or of &s;ome accu&s;tomed Evacuation &s;topt; for then I think we &s;hould bleed in the Ham or the Ancle; and the &s;ame day, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be urgent, or the next, to Breathe the Jecorary, or Cephalick Vein; and if the Di&s;ea&s;e abate not, we mu&s;t proceed to Bleed under the Tongue. But if there be no &s;uch great plenty of Bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Septalius</HI> Animad. ver&s;. lib. <HI>6.</HI> Sect. <HI>113.</HI></NOTE> I think it better not to meddle with the Veins of the lower parts; but pre&s;ently to open a Vein in the Arm, and afterwards to bleed in the upper Veins.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. But Bloud-letting in the Arm mu&s;t be re|peated, not onely becau&s;e it makes better Revul&s;i|on, and cau&s;eth le&s;s weakne&s;s; but becau&s;e it is of|ten ob&s;erved, that there is new afflux to the Part affected, either from &s;ome other Part transfu&s;ing Matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem.</HI> Ibid. <HI>Sect.</HI> 114.</NOTE> that it may ea&s;e it &s;elf of the burthen where|with it is oppre&s;&s;ed; or by the Part affected draw|ing, by rea&s;on of its pain and heat.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. And &s;eeing &s;ome either in the Working of their Phy&s;ick, or that they naturally abhor it, are apt to vomit it up again; it is better always to give Potions than Pills or Bolus's: for if they &s;hould happen to Vomit either a Bolus or Pills, when they are &s;uddenly and with great Violence forced to the Pa&s;&s;age &s;traitned with the Inflammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> Ibid. <HI>Sect.</HI> 115.</NOTE> there is no &s;mall danger of Strangling.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Bags that are made up with drying Pow|ders, to di&s;cu&s;s in Inflammations of other parts, mu&s;t never be made u&s;e of in the Quin&s;ey, becau&s;e by thickning the outer Skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> Ibid. <HI>Sect.</HI> 116.</NOTE> they rather hinder the Cure; Therefore we mu&s;t rather work with Moi&s;t|ners.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius, <HI>Te|trab.</HI> 2. <HI>Sect.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 47.</NOTE> I have u&s;ed in an Inward Quin&s;ey a Gargari&s;m of Mu&s;tard, and have often delivered my Patients from danger.</P>
<P N="2">2. If the Swelling in the Neck will not &s;often;<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Agric. <HI>Chirur. parv. p.</HI> 802.</NOTE> burn an Owl in an open Pot to Powder, a little of which you may blow into the Throat. The Swel|ling will &s;often to admiration, and break. This is a Singular Secret.</P>
<P N="3">3.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartoletus, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>part.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE> Duke <HI>Ferdinand</HI>'s Powder is a great Secret in the Quin&s;ey. It is made of Mineral Cry&s;tal, Cream of Tartar and Sugar. For every half ounce of Cry|&s;tal, 1 ounce of Cream of Tartar, and 2 ounces of Sugar are taken.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="15" REF="13"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bar|tholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 73. Blockwitius, <HI>anat. Samb. Sect.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE>4. A Purple Thread, wherewith a Viper hath been &s;trangled, is highly commended for the Quin|&s;ey.</P>
<P N="5">5. Let the Water, or Decoction of Elder Flowers, wherein is mixt a little Elder Honey, and a few Leaves, with one or two Jews Ears, be Gargled. This is recommended by experience.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Claud. De|odatus.</NOTE>6. Spirit of Nitre, with Water of the Anodyne Salt, Gargled hot, is mo&s;t excellent to allay the In|flammation.</P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman,</HI> prax. chim.</NOTE>7. Take of Hou&s;eleek a &s;ufficient quantity, brui&s;e it and &s;train it; Take of this Juice 1 pint, Sal Am|moniack half an ounce, leave it in a moi&s;t place, till the Salt be di&s;&s;olved. Di&s;till it by an Alembick. Wa&s;h your Tongue often with this Water.</P>
<P N="8">8. <HI>Galen, Aetius, Oroba&s;ius,</HI> and all the Ancients com|mend Dogs-Turd White, poudered and dried, mix|ed with Honey, and laid to the Throat.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE>9. The Juice of Tree-Ivy &s;wallowed gently, from 3 drachms to half an ounce, doth much good by repelling and dige&s;ting.</P>
<P N="10"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;t. Rud. <HI>Art. Med. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 42.</NOTE>10. This is an Excellent Remedy. Take of Swal|low's Ne&s;t 3 ounces, <HI>Sapa</HI> 1 ounce, Pulp of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> new|ly drawn 1 ounce and an half; Mix them, and apply it outwardly: For it dige&s;ts and a&s;&s;wages.</P>
<P N="11">11. This al&s;o is admirable, which is made of the crum of a Loaf, Milk, Flowers of Ro&s;es and Cha|maemil mixt together, and applied after Bloud-let|ting,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> ibid.</NOTE> by virtue of which Medicine they u&s;e to &s;pit plentifully, and be much relieved.</P>
<P N="12"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, Armamen. <HI>Chir. Ob&s;.</HI> 32.</NOTE>12. This Gargari&s;m is highly commended in all dangerous Quin&s;eys, e&s;pecially in the beginning, if the enflamed Jaws be often wa&s;hed therewith; Take of Saffron powdered 1 &s;cruple and an half, of the &s;harpe&s;t Vinegar 1 ounce, Plantain Water 3 ounces, white Sugar 2 drachms. Mix them, and make a Gar|gari&s;m.</P>
<P N="13"><NOTE PLACE="marg">M. Joh. Wittichi|us, <HI>Con&s;. Med.</HI> 23.</NOTE>13. <HI>Sennertus</HI> commends the Decoction of Berber|ry wood, or of the inner Rind of the Hazle.</P>
<P N="14">14. Oil of &s;weet Almonds new drawn, given with Sugar, and a little of the Powder of a Boar's Tusk, is the mo&s;t pre&s;ent Remedy for the Quin&s;ey and Pleuri&s;ie.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Anorexia,</HI> or Want of Appetite.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Cure mu&s;t be various, according to the variety of Cau&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Food mu&s;t be actually cold. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fa&s;ting mu&s;t &s;ometime be injoyned. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure in Women with Child. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure, when cau&s;ed by Choler. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When by Phlegm. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Con&s;umptive Per&s;ons. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Cured of its own accord. <HI>VIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WOmen about &s;ick per&s;ons de&s;ire nothing more than to remove this fault; but they reckon that which is onely a &s;ign of Health, to be the Cau&s;e; For this rea&s;on oftentimes the Phy&s;i|cian is forced to provoke an Appetite: It is lo&s;t, 1. Becau&s;e the Powers are weakned, and the Bloud is not well concocted. 2. Becau&s;e for the former rea&s;on the acid Humour cannot be &s;eparated, be|cau&s;e of the thin Humours that are admitted. (We &s;ee this in them, through who&s;e Arteries noxious Humours, together with the acid Humour, are pour|ed into the Stomach, which often deceives Phy&s;ici|ans, while they a&s;cribe the cau&s;e to the Intempera|ture of the Stomach) or becau&s;e it is corrupted and too thin. That the lo&s;s of Appetite is to be a&s;cribed to the fault of the acid Humour, appears from this; If the Ail be alleviated by taking Acids. Melan|cholick per&s;ons, who have a good &s;tomach after the u&s;e of Acids, &s;eldom recover. We amend the lo&s;s of Appetite, that depends upon &s;ome fault in the acid Humour, with Acids, and we &s;ee that Acids are good almo&s;t for all Di&s;ea&s;es, but tho&s;e of the Brea&s;t: Spi|rit of Vitriol is qualified by a mixture of Sulphur; Vineger is good, and Oranges and Lemons; but people often take too much, and then they fall in|to gnawing of the Stomach, and much &s;pitting; a little Sugar qualifies them. The &s;ea&s;on for giving them is in the &s;tate of Declination, before Dinner, not before Supper, le&s;t when their Appetite is rai&s;ed, they eat over-much, and &s;o be not able to bear the A&s;&s;ault of the Di&s;ea&s;e, which is always more violent toward night, nor to dige&s;t your Food; the Seeds of Citrons and Oranges may both be eaten, becau&s;e of their Cordial Virtue. The lo&s;s of Appetite, which ari&s;es from decay of &s;trength, is &s;eldom cured, unle&s;s that Decay come of a cold Cau&s;e; then hot and Aro|matick things are proper. In old Men, that through weakne&s;s have lo&s;t their Appetite,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valaeus,</HI> m. m. p. <HI>145.</HI></NOTE> hot things are not &s;o good inwardly, as outwardly: For taken inward|ly, in dry Bodies they create greater dryne&s;s: Out|wardly Oil of Mace is good, and a To&s;t of Bread dipt in Malm&s;ey Wine.</P>
<P N="2">II.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius <HI>Pract. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 14.</NOTE> In all Lo&s;s of Appetite let the Food be given actually cold; and if po&s;&s;ible, let it be &s;et before the Patient when he is not aware of it. Let &s;uch u&s;e bread well baked, or a good while dried in the Air, or dry Cakes well fermented, and not too clo&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. When any one complains he never comes to his Meat with an Appetite, it is advi&s;able to make him fa&s;t till he have a &s;tomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, 6. <HI>Epid. &s;.</HI> 4.</NOTE> for &s;tarving breeds Appetite. So when a Man cannot get &s;leep, if he be forced to wake and nod &s;tanding, before he be &s;uf|fered to ly down, he u&s;ually falls into a long and profound &s;leep.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Want of Appetite in Women, not with Child, is cured better by Purging than Letting of Bloud, for it ari&s;es of bad humours abounding in the Stomach and the whole Body. In Women with Child bloud-letting is the better Cure;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> for it is cau&s;ed by re|tention of bloud, while they are fir&s;t breeding.</P>
<P N="5">V. Becau&s;e Choler dejects the Appetite by its heat, to clean&s;e the &s;tomach a Decoction of Tama|rinds, &s;oure Prunes, and <HI>Sebe&s;ten,</HI> with &s;yrup of Ro|&s;es and Rheubarb, &s;hould be given: The morrow following this Medicine, two hours before Meal let them drink a draught of cold water,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rondeletius</HI> l. c.</NOTE> unle&s;s weakne&s;s of the &s;tomach, or &s;omething el&s;e do hinder: Let them u&s;e &s;oure Sauces, and they may take a Ta&s;t of Salt things.</P>
<P N="6">VI. But if Phlegm be the Cau&s;e, after Evacuation it is be&s;t to give Acids, but with deter&s;ive and &s;alt things; for what &s;weet things are deter&s;ive, they &s;atiate and are flatulent; wherefore they are not good in this ca&s;e, unle&s;s a great deal of Vineger be added,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;o as they may &s;carce be perceived to be &s;weet.</P>
<P N="7">VII. For rai&s;ing the Appetite,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe, <HI>Prax. Med. Ap|pend. Tract.</HI> 3. <HI>Sect.</HI> 210.</NOTE> which is often de|jected in Con&s;umptive Per&s;ons, I think there is no better Remedy known as yet, than <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> if 4 or 5 drops of it be taken in Wine, or &s;ome other convenient Liquor, about half an hour before Meal.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Sometimes I have known the Appetite recover of its own accord: But that falls out for the mo&s;t part, either becau&s;e of an exact Diet, which &s;ometime is rightly ob&s;erved even by chance, or of &s;ome notable Evacuations, or Alterations that are &s;pontaneous: For when the noxious humours are conquered and amended, or evacuated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Prax Med. Ap|pen. Tract. <HI>10.</HI> Sect. <HI>739.</HI></NOTE> the u&s;efull and nece&s;&s;ary ones, by degrees, recover their lo&s;t &s;trength, and then exert it.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="16" REF="14">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Fo|te&s;t. <HI>l.</HI> 18. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 8.</NOTE>1. I &s;teeped for a night &s;ome Leaves of Roman Wormwood, and a Root or two of Dandelion, a lit|tle brui&s;ed, in Rheni&s;h-Wine. In the morning I &s;trained out the Wine, and gave it my Patient, and (which is wonderfull) he voided a dead Worm and a living one, and his &s;tomach increa&s;ed to a won|der.</P>
<P N="2">2. Peaches eaten before Meals get a &s;tomach, if it be lo&s;t through a hot cau&s;e. Syrup of Peaches may be thus made: Take of the Juice of Peaches &s;carce ripe, 4 Pounds, boil half away, let the dregs &s;ettle, then add of Pomegranate juice 6 ounces, Su|gar, and a little red Sanders, as much as &s;ufficeth; make a Syrup.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ob&s;. <HI>9.</HI></NOTE> The Do&s;e, 2 ounces morning and evening, two hours before Meal. If you want Peaches, you may u&s;e Juice of foure Apples.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fred. Hof|man, <HI>Meth. Med. p.</HI> 319.</NOTE>3. In the lo&s;s of Appetite, through weakne&s;s of &s;tomach in the declination of a Di&s;ea&s;e, Amber, from 1 grain to 5, mixt with <HI>Faecula Ari,</HI> is a &s;pecifick. Al|&s;o Ivory calcined without fire is very good.</P>
<P N="4">4. The be&s;t thing, and which rai&s;es an Appetite above all others, is <HI>Antidotus The&s;pe&s;iana,</HI> thus de&s;cribed by <HI>Galen.</HI> Take of Smallage-&s;eed 1 ounce and an half, Myrrh, Anni&s;eed, <HI>Opium,</HI> each 6 drachms; white Pep|per 5 drachms; Par&s;ly, Spikenard, long Pepper, each half an ounce;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;ta. Rud. <HI>Art. Med. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> Ca&s;tor, Flowers of <HI>Juncus Odoratus,</HI> Saf|fron, each 3 drachms; Cinnamon 2 drachms, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia lignea</HI> half an ounce; Mix them with boiled Honey, make an Electuary. Take about the quantity of an Hazle nut when you go to bed, with 4 ounces of Water.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>River.</HI> prax. Med. l. <HI>9.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE>5. Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> is an excellent Remedy for this, if &s;ome drops of it be given in <HI>Hippocras</HI>-Wine, or &s;ome other, an hour or two before Meal.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Anus.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Way of putting it up when fallen. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from too much A&s;tringents. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;pare the <HI>Sphincter</HI> in Curing the Fi&s;tula. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the <HI>Condylomata</HI> by pricking. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the cre&s;ted Haemorrhoids by Exci&s;ion. <HI>V.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Will propo&s;e a Way of Cure, which, at fir&s;t &s;ight, will look ridiculous, but what is of great u&s;e in the falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut. Slap the Buttocks of your Patient with your flat hand five or &s;ix times, or oftner, that the Mu&s;cles <HI>Ani Le|vatores</HI> may immediately draw up the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum</HI> into its place:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette, <HI>Chirurgiae, cap.</HI> 9.</NOTE> But before you thus beat your Patient, it is requi&s;ite you anoint the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum</HI> with oil of Ro&s;es and Myrtle.</P>
<P N="2">II. In curing the falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut, you mu&s;t ab&s;tain from too much A&s;tringents, le&s;t by ma|king the Body Co&s;tive, and therefore cau&s;ing greater &s;training,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> you rather promote than hinder the fal|ling of it out.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Riolanus, Anthropogr. lib.</HI> 2. reprehends almo&s;t all modern Surgeons in curing <HI>Fi&s;tula's,</HI> which are ve|ry often bred <HI>in Ano,</HI> and pa&s;s the <HI>Sphincter</HI>-Mu&s;cle, and &s;ometime go above it; for he affirms, the whole <HI>Sphincter</HI> Mu&s;cle may be cut, becau&s;e, &s;aith he, this Inte&s;tine cut is ea&s;ily healed: for, &s;eeing it is Fle&s;h, it mu&s;t be united. We al&s;o acknowledge it may be healed: We deny that the con&s;trictive Faculty can be pre&s;erved; Whence it is, that the Excrements cannot be retained, as I have often ob&s;erved, and e&s;pecially in a Shoomaker, all who&s;e <HI>Sphincter</HI>-Mu&s;cle was cut acro&s;s, and then united: Yet the thin Ex|crements came away without his knowledge; it's true, he perceived the thick, but could not &s;top them; nor was there any other rea&s;on for this, but that the whole Mu&s;cle was cut. And, <HI>Aquapendent, l.</HI> 3. <HI>de ulc. c.</HI> 12. &s;aith, We ought to cut the <HI>Sphincter</HI>-Mu&s;cle; yet, with caution, that we cut it not all, but that &s;ome portion of it at lea&s;t always remain whole, le&s;t the Excrements pa&s;s involuntarily:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Domin.</HI> de Marchettis Anat. lib. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> There|fore all the Mu&s;cle is not to be cut, as <HI>Riolanus</HI> would have it, but &s;ome &s;mall portion (though never &s;o lit|tle) is to be &s;aved whole, le&s;t the con&s;trictive Facul|ty be utterly lo&s;t.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Condylomata</HI> (Swellings of the <HI>Anus,</HI> &s;o called from their likene&s;s to the knuckles of a Man's fin|gers) are irritated and grow painfull from the Af|flux of the Salt and Serous parts of the bloud com|ing from above: To take away the&s;e troubles I have experienced nothing better than to endeavour the vacuation of the Humour, by pricking them.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. Eff. p. <HI>82.</HI></NOTE> A Vig|neron Melancholick, of a thin body, but tall, was frequently troubled in this nature, and found pre|&s;ent Remedy in pricking the&s;e Tubercles with a Pen|knife.</P>
<P N="5">V. Many fle&s;hy Excre&s;cences grow about the <HI>Anus</HI> in Women and Boyes that live at <HI>Rome,</HI> which &s;ome call <HI>the Cre&s;ted Haemorrhoids,</HI> and are accompanied with Chaps. For curing of which Fle&s;hy Excre&s;cences, whereas &s;everal have devi&s;ed &s;everal things, we, after trial of various means, have hitherto found no &s;afer Remedy, than to clip them off: for, when they are cut off, the Sores they leave are quick|ly cured. But the Chaps are healed with Oynt|ment of Lead, and other very drying things. Some cure the&s;e Cre&s;ted Haemorrhoids with Waters made of Styptick things, as Allum, Tartar and Sublimate:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amatus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>cu|rat.</HI> 87.</NOTE> Some u&s;e Gold&s;mith's <HI>Aqua fortis:</HI> But the fir&s;t way of Cure is &s;afe&s;t, &s;eeing it brings but little pain, and almo&s;t no &s;ymptomes with it, as we have tried by long Experience.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius, <HI>te|trab.</HI> 1. <HI>Serm.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 24. Wolf. Ga|belchoverus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>cu|rat.</HI> 71.</NOTE> In the falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut I always u&s;e warm Brine, and it does very well.</P>
<P N="2">2. It is reckoned a powerfull and &s;ingular reme|dy, which is made of 12 red Snails, put in a Pot, with Salt and Allum, of each half an ounce &s;trowed on them, &s;haked a pretty while: for when they are dead, there will be a liquor at the bottom, which, &s;oaked up with Cotton, and applied to the Gut, keeps it up.</P>
<P N="3">3.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartmannus</HI> prax. Chymi|atr.</NOTE> If the Gut formerly put up will &s;tay by no means or art, this is a pre&s;ent Remedy. Take the A&s;hes of <HI>Scarabei pilulares,</HI> &s;trow them on the Gut that is down, put it up as well as you can, it will never come out more, e&s;pecially if for &s;ome time you u&s;e a decoction of Self-Heal Root.</P>
<P N="4">4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tach. Ru|dius.</NOTE> Soot of Chimneys mixt with the White of an Egg, and applied, is good.</P>
<P N="5">5. For the <HI>Fi&s;tula in ano.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Horatius Augenius, <HI>Tom.</HI> 1. <HI>l.</HI> 12. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 6.</NOTE> Take 3 drachms of the following Powder, boil it in Barley-water, or if you will have it more deter&s;ive, in Water and Honey, then inject it into the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> with a Syringe. The Powder is made thus; Lead is beaten into very thin Plates, the&s;e cut into very &s;mall pieces, are &s;teeped in very &s;harp Vineger for three days, changing the Vineger every day, when they are taken out and dried, without burning, they mu&s;t be laboriou&s;ly beaten in a Mortar, to make them in|to a fine Powder, which &s;trowed on Malignant Ul|cers, doth gently correct, purge, clean&s;e and heal them without Pain, and with admirable Succe&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Crato, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 12.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. To dry the Excre&s;cencies, &s;o as they may not increa&s;e, nothing is better or &s;afer than the u&s;e of <HI>Crocus Martis.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Joh. Faber. <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>de morbis ani.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. The <HI>Rhagades</HI> and <HI>Condylomata</HI> are cured with the Oil of Chamaemil, and of Eggs, wherewith, if you mix Bal&s;am of Sulphur, you will have a more effica|cious Remedy.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="17" REF="14"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. Stokerus</HI> pract. morb. partic. c. <HI>88.</HI></NOTE>8. If they be rebellious, this is a good remedy; Take quick Lime, mix it with Honey, dry it in an Oven, &s;o as it may be powdered: Anoint the part, and &s;trow on the Powder, they will &s;all off and be removed.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aphonia,</HI> or Lo&s;s of Speech.</HEAD>
<P>I Cured a Woman, that had been Speechle&s;s Se|ven years, with a Cautery made in the <HI>Coronal Su|ture.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lanfrancus, <HI>tr.</HI> 3. <HI>doct.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 18.</NOTE> Neither were Evacuations, nor Unctions, nor any other Remedies able to doe any thing towards perfecting the Cure, till the fore&s;aid Cautery did the work. And before I clo&s;ed the Cautery, the Woman had a clear Voice: for &s;he had lo&s;t her Voice by an old Catarrhe coming from her Head.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Tennet Pa|ralie, <HI>de A|phonia.</HI></NOTE>The be&s;t way is pre&s;ently to give a Vomit of White Vitriol, and Salt of Vitriol in a draught of warm Beer, and a little Butter.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aphthae,</HI> or a Thru&s;h.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Cau&s;es and Care. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure differs from the Cure of other &V;lcers. <HI>II.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. EVery Thru&s;h hath its Ri&s;e from an offending Acid, and indeed u&s;ually ri&s;ing from the lower Parts by the Stomach and Gullet; &s;eldom brought into the Mouth with the Spittle. Therefore a Thru&s;h always indicates &s;ome &s;harp Acid doth of|fend in the body, to which we mu&s;t have a &s;pecial regard, not onely becau&s;e of the Thru&s;h in the Mouth, but becau&s;e of the Acid in the body, which doth or may produce other mi&s;chief in the body, from which there is greater danger of Life, than from the Thru&s;h, which may indanger a Man's life by &s;traitning the Jaws, and hindring breathing and &s;wallowing. Its Cure therefore con&s;i&s;ts in the fol|lowing Particulars. 1. In correcting and amending the Acid Humours and Vapours that are brought to the Mouth, which not onely corrode its <HI>Superficies,</HI> but the inner Coat of the Gullet al&s;o, and produce infinite Ulcu&s;cles. 2. In the Diminution, or Expul|&s;ion of the fore&s;aid Humours, when corrected. 3. In hindring a new production of them. 4. In clearing the Parts affected, in ripening and promoting the fall of the Thru&s;h. 5. In clean&s;ing and healing the Parts cleared. And although many have no regard to the Correction of the peccant Acid, becau&s;e the know|ledge and doctrine of &s;harp things among Phy&s;icians hath hitherto been confu&s;ed, one onely name of A|crimony being known to them; Yet now a two|fold, and indeed contrary &s;harp, being by me di&s;co|vered, and now for &s;ome years confirmed by the Ex|perience of &s;everal, regard mu&s;t be had to the force and Mi&s;chief of each Acid, and to the be&s;t correcti|on of it. And among&s;t many things which u&s;e to correct, or allay, either or both the Sharps, eve|ry thing de&s;erves commendation in curing the Thru&s;h, that concentrates the Spirits, and that does it gently; Among&s;t which are Crabs-Eyes, Pearl, Coral, White Earth, Bloud-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which may be made choice of according to the Diver&s;ity of the Thru&s;h, and the peccant Acids: For exam|ple; When the Mouth is not onely ulcerated, but the Tongue al&s;o chapt with extreme heat, and other parts in like manner affected, &s;o that the very bloud runs out; Bloud-&s;tone and Dragons-Bloud are pro|per. When a Thru&s;h comes without &s;uch drine&s;s of Tongue, Crabs-Eyes and Pearl will be the be&s;t to temper and correct the Acidity, for they gently concentrate; and what I have mentioned hitherto doe good in a&s;&s;waging and de&s;troying the noxious Acidity. <HI>Bezoarticum minerale</HI> is al&s;o good. Medicines that purge Phlegm dimini&s;h, and carry off the&s;e hu|mours, when they are corrected as much as can be; for all pure Acid humours are found to be like <HI>Se|rum,</HI> and no wonder if they be joyned and confound|ed with other humours, as Phlegm and Choler; and &s;o it is not ab&s;urd to carry them off by Spe|cificks. This is the rea&s;on why in curing the Thru&s;h in Children we &s;o frequently u&s;e Syrup of Cichory with Rhubarb; becau&s;e Choler is al&s;o corrupted, and, by the very &s;harp Acid is made eruginous. To &s;ay nothing now, that all humours are purged by any Purgative, although I think that this or that hu|mour is more ea&s;ily and plentifully purged by &s;ome certain Medicines, than by others. The producti|on of Acid humours, as it depends e&s;pecially upon the u&s;e of Meats, Sawces and Medicines, that are Acid, as al&s;o of a cold Air, Grief, or Terrour of Mind; &s;o this &s;ame production may be hindred, both by ab&s;taining from &s;uch things, and by u&s;ing tho&s;e that are more oily, or more fat and &s;pirituous, by the enjoyment of a more &s;erene and warm Air, and by recreating the mind with gratefull and de|lightfull things. And, as the Original of Acid Vapours is owing to the efferve&s;cency, cau&s;ed by a very &s;harp and powerfull Acid, &s;o the vapours will be hindred, when the &s;aid vitious efferve&s;cency is corrected or hindred, both by things which con|centrate the potent and exceeding &s;harp Acid, and by things which otherwi&s;e take off its edge. Chalk, Dragons Bloud, and the like, do powerfully con|centrate a &s;harp Acid: Fat and oily things take off its edge, e&s;pecially <HI>Opium,</HI> and all Narcoticks; but I prefer a Metallick, or Mineral Sulphur fixt, above all, in compari&s;on of which, nothing I have hitherto tri|ed does &s;o kindly, certainly, &s;peedily and &s;afely re|&s;train the&s;e vitious efferve&s;cencies. The parts af|fected may be cleared of the Thru&s;h by maturation of it, and by its &s;pontaneous Fall, promoted by Me|dicines, that kindly temper the Acid Acrimony, which accompanies it, and that draw the Acrimony to them&s;elves, among&s;t which the juice of baked or boiled Turneps is de&s;ervedly commended with a little Sugar: Though le&s;s be needfull, when they are baked, for the juice that comes out of them then is in con&s;i&s;tency and ta&s;te like a thin Syrup. The Patient mu&s;t wa&s;h and gargle his Mouth and Throat often with this juice; or hold it a little in your Mouth and &s;wallow it by degrees, which I prefer, becau&s;e not onely the Mouth and the Parts therein contained have the benefit of it, but al&s;o the whole Gullet and the Stomach, which are not le&s;s troubled with the Thru&s;h than the Mouth. And this &s;hould be done in Children e&s;pecially, in whom we cannot expect Wa&s;hing and Gargling. Be&s;ides, &s;eeing this peccant Acid is kindly and effectually tempered by this juice, it is al&s;o corrected in the &s;mall Guts, and its a&s;cent is hindred, and the Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;ooner cured. Divers Syrups are al&s;o u&s;ed, as &s;olutive Syrup of Violets, Jujubes, Syrup of Li|quorice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which I think doe good, in that they take off the edge from the noxious Accidity by the mucilaginous juice of the Plants of which they are made: I mu&s;t needs commend the yelk of an Egg mixt with a little Ro&s;ewater and Sugar, for it draws to it the Acid humour that hurts the Stomach, and &s;o by degrees clears the part affected, and promotes the fall of the Thru&s;h: You may u&s;e it as the Tur|nep juice. Some commend Beer with &s;lit Figs boil'd in it: Yet I have ob&s;erved it ingratefull to &s;ome, becau&s;e of its great Glutinou&s;ne&s;s. While the Thru&s;h is ripening, that is, gradually falling
<PB N="18" REF="15"> from the Parts di&s;affected, a new Cuticle grows un|der them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;, <HI>Appen. Tract.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 5. <HI>Sect.</HI> 50. <HI>&amp;</HI> 59.</NOTE> and covers the Parts: And although this follow of its own accord, and by the benefit of the Medicines now commended; yet it will be promo|ted by the Syrup of red Ro&s;es, Honey of Ro&s;es, and the like. Al&s;o Bole Armenick, <HI>Terra Lemnia,</HI> &amp;c. ground fine with a little Plaintain Water and Sugar, may be held in ones Mouth, and the la&s;t part of the Cure, <HI>i. e.</HI> healing it, be ha&s;tened.</P>
<P N="2">II. This is remarkable, that the cure of other Ulcers is promoted, when they are dried by de|grees, and little Humour comes from them: On the contrary, there is hopes in a Thru&s;h, when it is moi&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ap|pen. Tract. <HI>10.</HI> Sect. <HI>2. 85.</HI> &amp; <HI>286.</HI></NOTE> and when one &s;pits as if he were in a Flux: For then the Thru&s;h is cured with more &s;peed and ea&s;e. Wherefore, as in curing other Ulcers, Medicines are commended, that temper the Acid Acrimony, and then dry; &s;o Medicines on the con|trary, are good to cure the Thru&s;h, which are gentle, and temper the Acid Acrimony; but they mu&s;t al&s;o be moi&s;t.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE>1. This helps Children wonderfully; Take Galls and beat them, boil them in Water, to the Decocti|on &s;trained add an equal quantity of Honey: Make it &s;o thick, that you may be able to rub it long enough on the place with your fingers.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>2. Fennil Root burnt, applied by it &s;elf, or mixt with Honey, is very good.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Baricellus. <HI>Hort. genial, p.</HI> 145.</NOTE>3. <HI>Thomas Thoma&s;ius,</HI> in his <HI>Idea,</HI> mentions a tried Remedy, how with wonderfull &s;ucce&s;s and skill he hath cured the Thru&s;h, with no other thing than the Decoction of Cinquefoil Root.</P>
<P N="4"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Wolf. Ga|belchoverus, <HI>cur.</HI></NOTE>4. <HI>Petrus Angillata</HI> Writes, how he hath cured a hundred Thru&s;hes, with Savory boiled in Wine, to wa&s;h the Mouth. It cures the Patient in two or three days.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rud. Gocle|rius, <HI>Experi|mentor. c.</HI> 15.</NOTE>5. For the Thru&s;h in Children; Take of Allum, Sugar, each half an ounce, boil them in Plantain Wa|ter, add of Mulberry juice what is &s;ufficient, wa&s;h the Mouth often, it will doe much good.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joel,</HI> Oper. Med. Tom. <HI>2.</HI> Sect. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE>6. The mo&s;t pre&s;ent Remedy for the Thru&s;h, both in young and old, is this; Fir&s;t wa&s;h the part well, then lay on the following Liniment. Take of Ho|ney of Ro&s;es half an ounce, oil of Vitriol 1 drachm; mix them, make an Ointment.</P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Herc. Saxo|nia. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>p. c.</HI> 25.</NOTE>7. If the Ulcers be Malignant, I u&s;e either Wa|ter of Tartar, or Vitriol, wherewith all malignant Ulcers are conquered.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>River.</HI> prax. Med. l. <HI>6.</HI> c. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE>8. If there be no Inflammation, the onely and be&s;t Remedy is Spirit of Vitriol, or Sulphur, which in tho&s;e that are grown may be u&s;ed alone. Dip a lit|tle Cotton, bound to the end of a &s;tick, in it, and give the Sore a light touch: for &s;o a &s;imple Thru&s;h is cured in a moment.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 18.</NOTE>9. In Childrens Thru&s;h this is an approved Reme|dy, e&s;pecially when it is malignant and Epidemick; They hold a living Frog to the Child's Mouth, that it may draw out the Malignity, which when it is weary and dead, they hold another, and &s;o on; but this is a filthy Medicine.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Apoplexia,</HI> or the Apoplexy.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud mu&s;t be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Jugular Veins may be opened. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Fomentations mu&s;t be u&s;ed before Bloud-letting. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud-letting not good for all. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Sanguine Apoplexy cured by bleeding in both Arms at once. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es &s;hould be applied. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Cupping applied to the fore-part of the Head. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Bli&s;ters. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Shaking the Body, and &s;tirring them up to walk, when proper. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Plucking the Hair, bending the Fingers, rubbing the extreme Parts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whether of any u&s;e. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Man &s;hould be Purged. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Violent Purging is convenient. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit may be given. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Vomit mu&s;t be &s;trong. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be very &s;harp. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Suppo&s;itories &s;hould be given frequently. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Apophlegmati&s;ms of <HI>Hiera</HI> to be rejected. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vinegar &s;hould not be mixt with them. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Sneezing be proper. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Fumes be proper. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Stillatitious Oils, and Volatile Salts. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The great Antidotes are not allways proper. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether for the Cure a Fever &s;hould be rai&s;ed, and when it &s;uc|ceeds the Apoplexy, whether it &s;hould be extingui&s;hed. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Apoplexy negligently cured, of a &s;mall one became Mortal. <HI>XXIV</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Po&s;ture is be&s;t. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that are pa&s;t Hopes, are not to be quite given over. <HI>XXVI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Judge a Man may, nay mu&s;t, according to Pru|dence and Art, let bloud in every Apoplexy, according to the Con&s;titution of the Patient, and quantity of bloud in the Ve&s;&s;els, and that plentiful|ly. For &s;o the Patient will endure the longer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Pran. l.</HI> 2 <HI>c.</HI> 21.</NOTE> and the Apoplexy will be ea&s;ilier cured, as experience te|&s;tifies; without which I know not, whether upon con&s;ultation, one would not be afraid to let bloud in ancient people. When therefore the Phy&s;ician dare not let bloud, experienced per&s;ons advi&s;e well, that Scarification &s;hould be u&s;ed, or at lea&s;t Cupping with Scarification, in &s;tead of bloud-letting. And becau&s;e &s;o great a Man as <HI>Sylvius</HI> relies here altoge|ther on Experience, but remains di&s;&s;atisfied in his Theory (as who plea&s;es to con&s;ult the place cited, may &s;ee) I think it very pertinent to con&s;ider how exactly the excellent <HI>Wepfer</HI> hath laid down the The|ory: For, to di&s;cover &s;o ab&s;tru&s;e and latent Cau&s;es, he produces Anatomical Hi&s;tories, or Ob&s;ervations, wherein the <HI>Phaenomena</HI> in Bodies of &s;everal, who di|ed of this Di&s;ea&s;e, are declared. In three that died Apoplectick, the extrava&s;ated bloud was either ga|thered here and there into great Clods, or had di&s;|coloured the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain all over; in ano|ther a Floud of <HI>Serum</HI> had overflowed the Brain within and without. From the&s;e marks of this mo&s;t occult di&s;ea&s;e thus di&s;covered, the Authour con|cludes, the places principally affected are not the large Ventricles, but the medullous &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Cerebrum,</HI> and the <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> which is every way porous, and furni&s;hed with narrow pa&s;&s;ages, as well that Vital Spirits may flow thither from the bloud, as that the Animal may flow thence. And indeed he concludes, that the Cau&s;e of every Apoplexy wholly con&s;i&s;ts in the&s;e Two, <HI>i. e.</HI> in one alone, or both together, namely, either becau&s;e the Afflux of bloud, through the Arteries to the Brain is denied, or the Efflux of Animal Spirits from the <HI>Cerebrum</HI> and <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> through the Nerves and Spinal Marrow, is &s;topt; or for both the&s;e cau&s;es. As to the Fir&s;t, he propo&s;es how the bloud may be &s;topt three ways, <HI>i. e. Fir&s;t,</HI> Either by rea&s;on of the Ob&s;truction of the in|ner Carotid and Vertebral Arteries, which happens in the bigger Ve&s;&s;els, and e&s;pecially about the A&s;|cent of the <HI>Cranium,</HI> from bloud concrete into gru|mous Lumps; or in the le&s;&s;er Ve&s;&s;els, which cro&s;s the Brain, from their being &s;topt with vi&s;cous Mat|ter. Or <HI>Secondly,</HI> The influx of bloud is kept from the Brain, by rea&s;on of the Compre&s;&s;ion of tho&s;e Ve&s;&s;els; which &s;ometimes happens, when the <HI>Pa|ri&s;thmia,</HI> or Glands of the Neck are &s;o &s;welled with Serous humours, that by pre&s;&s;ing the Arteries that pa&s;s under them, they &s;top the pa&s;&s;age of the bloud to the Head. Or <HI>Thirdly,</HI> The Afflux of Bloud may be hindred, when a Ve&s;&s;el being opened within the <HI>Cranium,</HI> the bloud is plentifully poured out, which &s;hould otherwi&s;e go to the benefit of the Brain. As
<PB N="19" REF="15"> to the other Cau&s;e of the Apoplexy, <HI>i. e.</HI> the hindring the &s;pirits in the efflux, he reckons it is cau&s;ed two ways, either by ob&s;truction of the Origination of all the Nerves, cau&s;ed by &s;erous Matter; or by &s;udden Compre&s;&s;ion of the &s;ame, which either too great ga|thering of bloud in the <HI>Meninges,</HI> or in &s;ome certain parts of the Brain, or in its Ventricles, or &s;ome phleg|monous Di&s;po&s;ition do produce. Seeing the Apo|plexy, according to the opinion of the Moderns, con|&s;onant to the doctrine of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> ari&s;es from the &s;toppage of the Circulation of the bloud, or, as he &s;peaks, from the &s;tanding of the bloud; and not, as <HI>Galen</HI> would have it, from the oppletion of the Ven|tricles of the Brain. All hope of &s;afety con&s;i&s;ts in a &s;peedy revul&s;ion and retraction of the Matter from the Head; nor can there be found a Remedy, which can &s;o &s;peedily avert, derive, nay and evacuate the humours from the Brain, as Letting of bloud; there|fore we prefer it before all other means in curing the Apoplexy, and we think it proper for all Individuals, whether they be plethorick or no. The thing it &s;elf &s;peaks, for &s;everal Apoplectick per&s;ons have been re&s;tored, and perfectly cured, onely by letting of bloud. When the bloud is taken from the Arm, that al&s;o in the Jugular Veins is drawn downwards, and then comes &s;ome portion of the Matter that is in the <HI>Sinus's,</HI> which although often it be phlegma|tick; yet it is found not without bloud, but may be removed and drawn back with it: And for that cau&s;e, unle&s;s &s;ome weighty rea&s;on hinder, we or|der large bloud-letting in Apoplectick per&s;ons, which may reach the humours above, and remove them, and &s;ometimes we repeat it twice or thrice in each Arm, that the Veins being emptied on each &s;ide, may draw down the humours more powerfully from the Jugular Veins. Nor need want of &s;trength be much feared, which is here oppre&s;&s;ed, not wa&s;ted. As for cooling the body,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Gr. Nyman|nus,</HI> Tract. de Apopl. p. <HI>217.</HI></NOTE> and thickning the humours, for which &s;ome reject bloud-letting, it is of no moment, for in the Apoplexy, nothing is more nece&s;&s;ary than Revul&s;ion and Turning the Matter away from the Head, and we mu&s;t e&s;pecially labour to doe it pre|&s;ently, which Indication bloud-letting quickly an|&s;wers; Wherefore, we may hope for more benefit from tran&s;lation of the Morbifick Cau&s;e, than we need fear damage from cooling of the Body.</P>
<P N="2">II. After the univer&s;al Plenitude is abated, by letting bloud in the Arm, the Parts e&s;pecially affect|ed are to be relieved, for which purpo&s;e the be&s;t means is opening the Jugular Veins, out of which, by rea&s;on of their bigne&s;s, the bloud runs freely, which by &s;tagnation oppre&s;&s;ed the Brain; and by this di&s;charge the Lungs are le&s;s oppre&s;&s;ed, and when le&s;s bloud comes to them, they ea&s;ilier deli|ver what they contain, to the Arteries and left Ven|tricle of the Heart, and the Current of the bloud being render'd more free, Coagulation is hindred, Ob&s;tructions are opened, and the Animal Functions are by degrees re&s;tored. Concerning opening of them, Experience &s;econds Rea&s;on; and the&s;e Veins may with more ea&s;e be opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fr. Bayle,</HI> Tract. de A|poplexia, c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> becau&s;e in this Di|&s;ea&s;e, they being &s;welled, there is no need of Li|gature, which in this ca&s;e might doe harm, and therefore, after opening of them, mu&s;t not be too &s;trait, but <HI>Empla&s;trum Galeni</HI> mu&s;t be applied to the Orifice.</P>
<P N="3">III. When there is no <HI>Plethora,</HI> but great &s;tore of &s;harp humours, <HI>i. e.</HI> much &s;owre Melancholy, or its Exaltation hath cau&s;ed the Apoplexy, which fore|going pains do &s;hew, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> bids us u&s;e Fomen|tations before bloud-letting, nor without rea&s;on; for when the Veins are inflamed, dried and &s;trait|ned, and the bloud by degrees coagulates, if we with&s;tand the&s;e things by emollient, heating and attenuating fomentations, the bloud will run more freely, and with its rapid motion will wa&s;h what was beginning to coagulate from the Capillary Ve&s;|&s;els dilated and &s;oftened, if pre&s;ently after the Fo|mentation, or in the very u&s;e of it a Vein be open|ed: Otherwi&s;e, it is to be feared, the thinner part of the bloud may come away by bloud-letting, while the thicker, and what begins to coagulate, &s;tays behind, which will hinder the effect of the Purge which &s;hould then be given. The Head e&s;pe|cially &s;hould be bathed, &s;eeing in it there is the great|e&s;t danger from Coagulation; and next the <HI>Hypochon|dria.</HI> But both Fomentations and bloud-letting &s;hould be u&s;ed in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, while the &s;pirits are yet elevated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ide<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. There is &s;carce a Practical Phy&s;ician, but ad|vi&s;es bloud-letting in an Apoplexy cau&s;ed by bloud. But I que&s;tion whether it be proper in every Apo|plexy, as the excellent <HI>Nymannus</HI> thinks: For he, in favour of his <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> which takes every Apoplexy to be cau&s;ed by Ob&s;truction of the <HI>Sinus's,</HI> is very large in commendation of bloud-letting; which <HI>Hy|pothe&s;is,</HI> &s;ince it does not hold true in every Apoplexy, as I have proved, the like and perpetual u&s;e of bloud-letting may be que&s;tioned. It's evident, when the Vertebral and Carotid Arteries are filled with fi|brous bodies, that bloud-letting avails little: And tho&s;e Apoplectick per&s;ons are in the &s;ame Ca&s;e, who have the <HI>Torcular</HI> &s;topt, &s;eeing it cannot wholly be ob&s;tructed, except by &s;ome &s;uch like body. Nor likewi&s;e will bloud-letting be convenient, when <HI>Se|rum</HI> is gathered in the Ventricles, and Cavity of the Skull, &s;ince by it the immediate cau&s;e is not remo|ved; but the &s;trength otherwi&s;e &s;pent, is more weak|ned. In an Apoplexy, where a Ve&s;&s;el is broke, there is no hope; both becau&s;e a quantity of bloud pour|ed into the Ventricles and <HI>Ba&s;is</HI> of the Brain, cannot be got back by Art, and becau&s;e while it &s;tays there it is coagulated. In that which is cau&s;ed by <HI>Se|rum,</HI> gathered in the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain, what good bloud-letting does, it is by accident, namely, as it abates the Turge&s;cency of the bloud and <HI>Se|rum.</HI> Therefore this alone will not remove the A|poplexy, but we mu&s;t al&s;o u&s;e things that &s;pend and evacuate, the <HI>Serum,</HI> which moi&s;tens the medullous &s;ub&s;tance. But bloud-letting in an Apoplexy, cau|&s;ed by a &s;udden Ob&s;truction of the little Arteries, is good in many re&s;pects; for fir&s;t the preternatu|ral violent motion of the bloud is &s;topt, which of|ten is the occa&s;ion of this Ob&s;truction; and it runs in le&s;s quantity to the Brain; for in&s;tance, when the bloud is taken out of the Arm, no &s;mall porti|on makes to the Arm by the Axillary Veins, that &s;o what was taken away may be &s;upplied: Then the bloud ha&s;tens from the whole body, and from the brain, towards the Heart, to a&s;&s;i&s;t it, thus depau|perated and &s;poiled by bloud-letting:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepferus,</HI> Exercitat. de Ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">plexia. p. <HI>218.</HI></NOTE> And the heart ea&s;ed of the burthen wherewith it was loaded, both before and in the Paroxy&s;m, di&s;per&s;es the bloud as it returns, more chearfully, in better order, and in quantity more u&s;efull to the brain, which forceth and wa&s;heth out what cau&s;ed the Ob&s;truction and Trou|ble in the medullous &s;ub&s;tance, and drives it into the Capillary Veins adjoyning to the extremities of the Arteries.</P>
<P N="5">V. Bloud abounding in the head ca&s;t a full-bodi|ed young man into an Apoplexy, with Trembling, lo&s;s of Speech and Ratling, three mo&s;t dangerous concomitants of this Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. <HI>c.</HI> 7. <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;erv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</HI></NOTE> Wherefore &s;peedily to abate the&s;e violent Symptoms, he was immediate|ly bled in the right Arm, but not bleeding &s;o freely as his extremity required, the &s;ame Lancet was u&s;ed to his left Arm, and when both had continued bleed|ing for &s;ome time, his Ratling evidently abated, he took his breath better, and quickly was cured.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Cupping with Scarification &s;hould be appli|ed, not to the &s;houlders and back, as the <HI>Arabians</HI> ad|vi&s;e; becau&s;e there is no remarkable Vein that reaches the Brain: But they &s;hould be &s;tuck near the Jugulars, and under the chin, if po&s;&s;ible.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rond<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">|us.</NOTE> For the&s;e Topick Remedies &s;hould be applied, not one|ly upon the Veins that reach the part di&s;ea&s;ed, but upon the next and large&s;t, if the con&s;titution of the Part will permit it.</P>
<P N="7"><PB N="20" REF="16">VII. A large Cupping-gla&s;s may well be applied to the top of the Head, &s;eeing it draws the bloud out of the <HI>Sinus</HI> of the <HI>Dura Meninx,</HI> opens Ob&s;tructions, and rai&s;es the &s;ub&s;iding Brain. With which oppor|tune Remedy <HI>Fraca&s;torius</HI> remembred how he had once cured a Nun, at that very time when he him&s;elf be|ing &s;ei&s;ed with a &s;mall Apoplexy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hor&s;tius,</HI> in Probl.</NOTE> made &s;igns by put|ting his hand to his Crown, that he would have the like remedy applied; but they that were by not un|der&s;tanding him, and his Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;ing, about night he died.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Man of Three&s;core fell down drunk, and contu&s;ed the hind part of his head, but his Skull was whole, and he was taken with a true and violent A|poplexy. While all de&s;paired, I tried to cure him; I &s;hake him violently, I give him a &s;harp Cly&s;ter, and make it work with a &s;harp Suppo&s;itory, there was plentifull Evacuation. When his head was &s;haved all over, I applied a Catapla&s;m of Pigeon's Dung, <HI>Euphorbium Pyrethrum,</HI> and Mu&s;tard; hereupon many and great Bli&s;ters ari&s;e, out of which yellow matter ran. The next day I gave him of <HI>Species Hierae Dia|colocynthidos</HI> 2 drachms, of Ca&s;tor half a drachm, of Rue one &s;cruple,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer; <HI>Ob&s;er|vat.</HI> 21.</NOTE> with Antapoplectick Water: I ap|plied Cupping with Scarification to his Shoulders; when the Bli&s;ters in his head ran no more, I rai&s;ed new ones in his Neck, and thereabout, but onely with Cupping Gla&s;&s;es: And with &s;ome few more Remedies he recovered his health.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Fore&s;tus lib.</HI> 10. <HI>Ob&s;ervat.</HI> 74. Condemns &s;haking of the body in Phlegmatick and Sanguine Apoplexies, and becau&s;e the humours are thereby more &s;tirred, he advi&s;es to u&s;e it with caution. Which not being ob&s;erved in old <HI>Bokellus, l. c.</HI> the Imprudence of the Phy&s;ician co&s;t the Patient his life. <HI>Nymannus,</HI> in <HI>Chap.</HI> 39. <HI>of the Apoplexy,</HI> mentions a Patient, that had his end ha&s;tened by &s;uch un&s;ea&s;onable &s;haking. The &s;haking of the Womans body, mentioned by <HI>Fore&s;tus,</HI> as the Ail appeared, without u&s;ing any thing before it, quickly cured her; which, in others, if it had not cau&s;ed Death, it would at lea&s;t have done hurt, and exa&s;perated the Di&s;ea&s;e. But this &s;haking, and cau&s;ing her to walk, &s;eems therefore to have done good, becau&s;e by &s;haking her body her bloud was &s;tirred, which being provoked to more violent moti|on, forced that little, which cau&s;ed the Ob&s;truction already, and would have cau&s;ed more, out of the le&s;&s;er Arteries, and drove it farther into the &s;mall Veins; whereupon &s;ome portion of it, <HI>i. e.</HI> the more &s;ubtile, and the matter of the Animal &s;pirits, was able to &s;weat through the Pores into the Sub&s;tance of the Brain, and &s;he at the fir&s;t was able to walk again. Upon her walking more plenty of Vital Spirits &s;uc|ceeded, while Nature u&s;ed her utmo&s;t endeavour, being excited by &s;tirring, to &s;upply the Medullous Sub&s;tances; and her bloud being not a little heated and made more &s;ubtile by walking, it could more rea|dily pa&s;s the Capillaries, and the Pores. But if the Paroxy&s;m had had its original from the Serous Moi|&s;ture poured into the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain, it had not cea&s;ed &s;o &s;oon, and there had been other &s;ym|ptomes, as Sleepine&s;s, <HI>Vertigo, &amp;c.</HI> Nay, by walking, being farther driven into the <HI>Medulla,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepferus</HI> Exercitat. de Apoplexia.</NOTE> it would have bred a Pal&s;ie. In any Apoplexy likewi&s;e, bred of any other cau&s;e, it would hardly have done &s;o much good. For either if it be cau&s;ed by the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries being &s;topt, or by the <HI>Torcu|lar</HI> being &s;topt by pituitous Bodies, or by extrava&s;a|ted bloud, in any of the&s;e ca&s;es more powerfull Remedies are nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P N="10">X. I cannot chu&s;e but examine, as I have occa&s;ion, &s;ome &s;ort of Remedies, commended by &s;ome, name|ly, whether they avail any thing in the Cure of the Apoplexy, or no. And in the fir&s;t place pluck|ing the Hair, e&s;pecially in the Legs, is commended, which, when the Patient wants &s;en&s;e, &s;eems to me plainly ridiculous, for it conduces nothing to the re|moving any one cau&s;e of the Apoplexy; Bending the Fingers, and Twitching the No&s;e is of the &s;ame nature, nor do I &s;ee what good they can doe. And &s;haking the body, unle&s;s the head hang downwards, that &s;o the humours offending may run out,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sylvius</HI> de le <HI>Boe~.</HI> l. c.</NOTE> will con|tribute nothing but evident Damage to the Patient. So rubbing the extreme Parts with Vinegar and Salt, and Ligatures, will doe no good in any Apo|plexy. It is better therefore to ab&s;tain from &s;uch things, as have no u&s;e, nor doe the Patient any good.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some que&s;tion Purging for two rea&s;ons. 1. Becau&s;e Purges may not be given &s;o long as there is crudity, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI>'s Max|ims. But without doubt, Crudity, properly &s;o cal|led, which might hinder Purging, is wanting here; yet if there be any &s;u&s;picion of a thick Humour, At|tenuatives may be mixt with Purgers, for the great|ne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and the Imminence of the pre|&s;ent Danger will not allow a Man wholly to intend the Preparation of Humours. 2. The way where|by Purgers &s;hould get into the Belly hinders Purg|ing, when one has not power to &s;wallow without fear of choaking; Therefore a &s;trong Medicine in a lit|tle Do&s;e may be given, as <HI>Trochi&s;ci Alhandal, Diagri|dium,</HI> or Scammony with Ca&s;tor, according to <HI>Trallia|nus; Rondeletius</HI> gives a drachm of <HI>Pilulae Cochiae</HI> di&s;&s;olv|ed, according to <HI>Sennertus.</HI> Seeing the chief cau&s;e of the Apoplexy is Melancholy offending in quality, <HI>i. e.</HI> in exce&s;s of Acidity, or Acerbity, it is evident that the Humour, &s;eeing it is preternatural, doth in|dicate its own Evacuation, and the rather, becau&s;e of the pre&s;ent danger; nor can there be, even in a long time an alteration from Acidity to a more be|nign and &s;pirituous, or Bal&s;amick nature. And much more yet is Purgation indicated, if a Phlegmatick be joyn'd with the Melancholick Cacochymie. Nor doth Purgation allow any longer delay after bloud-letting, when the Plethory is taken from the whole, or from the head, than bloud-letting allows after the inva&s;ion of the Apoplexy, unle&s;s extreme faintne&s;s require time to recruit. Wherefore Purging is to be pre&s;cribed quickly without any re&s;pect to time: for unle&s;s while the bloud is made more fluid by Venae&s;ection, and the ob&s;tructions of the Brain and Lungs are in &s;ome mea&s;ure removed, or the Increa&s;e of them &s;topt, and while the &s;pirits are yet eleva|ted, a Purge be given, when the Coagulation of the bloud is &s;en&s;ibly increa&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Franc. Bay|le,</HI> Tract. de Apoplexia, c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> the Cohe&s;ion of the Parts of the bloud, and of the humours mixt with it, among them&s;elves may be &s;o pertinacious, as to bid defiance to all the virtue of Purgatives; Nay, the di&s;tribution of the Purgative, e&s;pecially to the Parts affected, may be prohibited, if not wholly, at lea&s;t in part, while the Pa&s;&s;ages are &s;traitned by Coagulation of the Bloud.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Nor may every Medicine be given, but a vio|lent one, &s;uch as the nature of the peccant humour, the di&s;po&s;ition of the bloud, and the place it &s;elf do indicate. To the fir&s;t <HI>Aphor.</HI> 9. <HI>Sect.</HI> 4. hath re&s;pect, <HI>You mu&s;t purge Melancholick per&s;ons violently by Siege;</HI> for Melancholy will not &s;tir, except it be forced from the other humours by a &s;trong Drench. But the Co|agulated bloud, or next door to Coagulation, parts not ea&s;ily with what it contains; but &s;tands in need of a &s;trong Ferment to make it boil, and endure a &s;e|paration of parts. And &s;eeing the humour to be re|moved is not in the Stomach, and fir&s;t ways; but in the whole Ma&s;s of bloud, and in the Brain e&s;pecial|ly, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the virtue of the Purgative be diffu&s;ed all the Body over, and reach the Head in its full force,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> to which a weak Purgative can never attain.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. It often happens that the Faculties are &s;o oppre&s;&s;ed, that Purgatives cannot be brought in|to Act, and &s;o operate nothing at all, which is an ill &s;ign, and &s;uch per&s;ons u&s;ually die. But becau&s;e, ac|cording to <HI>Cel&s;us, Many things may well be done in a dan|gerous ca&s;e, which &s;hould otherwi&s;e be omitted;</HI> therefore, when the fore&s;aid Remedies avail not, we may come up to Antimonial Medicines, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that
<PB N="21" REF="16"> are le&s;s violent, &s;uch as <HI>Aqua Benedicta,</HI> made of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> which Purging both upwards and down|wards, brings away &s;o great a quantity of Phlegm, not onely from the Stomach and lower parts, but from the Brain, that &s;ometime the Patient is cured by this Evacuation: For I can truely te&s;tifie, that I &s;aw a Nobleman cured of an Apoplexy thrice in two years by this onely Remedy. And although &s;ome condemn the u&s;e of Vomits in the&s;e ca&s;es; yet we mu&s;t rather tru&s;t experience, which teaches us by daily experiments, how comatous Children are with more &s;peed and &s;afety cured by Vomitive Salt of Vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> than by any other Remedy.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Here I mu&s;t take notice of a frequent Errour in giving the Emetick Wine: For timorous Phy&s;i|cians pre&s;cribe it in too &s;mall a Do&s;e, <HI>i. e.</HI> an ounce, or an ounce and half at mo&s;t: and when they are fru|&s;trated of the effect expected,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Franci&s;c. Bayle,</HI> Tract. de Apo|plexia, c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> they blame and di&s;pa|rage the Medicine; whereas, to per&s;ons grown, and of any &s;trength, it &s;hould be given to about three ounces in an Infu&s;ion of <HI>Senna.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. <HI>Walaeus</HI> &s;aith, that in the Apoplexy Cly&s;ters may be &s;o &s;trong of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> that they fetch the very bloud. Nothing hinders it, for Life mu&s;t be &s;aved, and this Damage may ea&s;ily be repaired: And it may the better be done, if the Apoplexy were cau&s;ed by too much bloud.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The Belly, for Revul&s;ion &s;ake, and to ex|cite the dull Faculties, may be provoked by admini|&s;tring &s;harp Cly&s;ters and Suppo&s;itories, whereas otherwi&s;e they would &s;carce go to &s;tool. Suppo|&s;itories, becau&s;e they provoke exceedingly, and are quickly made, and by rea&s;on Cly&s;ters cannot be kept for Sen&s;ele&s;sne&s;s, are very convenient, and &s;hould of|ten be repeated;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> in which &s;ome burning hot things, &s;ince the Patient is without Sen&s;e, will doe no harm.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Some rub <HI>Hiera</HI> and Purging Electuaries on the Palate, to no purpo&s;e, in &s;tead whereof it were better to u&s;e <HI>Confectio Anacardina,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which inflames a little.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We rub the Palate with things that bring away Phlegm; yet in that Quantity and Form, that if they &s;hould fall on the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> they may not choak. <HI>Take of Mu&s;tard-&s;eed, long-Pepper, Pellitory of Spain powdered a like quantity, mix them with as much Honey, juice of Rue, and Hor&s;eradi&s;h, as is &s;ufficient to make them into the form of an Ointment.</HI> We leave out the Vinegar, which &s;ome put in, becau&s;e it abates the &s;trength of &s;harp things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as we &s;ee in Onions and Hor&s;eradi&s;h, if they be eaten with Vinegar.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Although the humour cau&s;ing the Apoplexy cannot be ca&s;t out by Sneezing, becau&s;e it is not con|tained in the Ventricles, yet in this mo&s;t grievous and dangerous ca&s;e, we mu&s;t try every thing, that may remove the Matter. However, before Purg|ing, it is &s;u&s;picious, becau&s;e by the motion of the Head and Brea&s;t there is a greater afflux of humours. We may anoint the No&s;trils with the &s;ame we a|noint the Palate withall.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Some provide Fumigations, but they are not at all to be commended, for they are dangerous to tho&s;e that have difficulty of Breathing: It is better to hold a little Rue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> or Ca&s;tor, or <HI>Galbanum</HI> to the No&s;trils. Some highly approve a Fume of Amber made immediately; how de&s;titute &s;uch are of Rea&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> learned Phy&s;icians can abundantly &s;hew.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Things taken inwardly are not to be neg|lected in the very beginning, which encrea&s;e the Efferve&s;cency of the Bloud, refre&s;h the Spirits, and rai&s;e the deficient Heat, in Plethorick per&s;ons e&s;pe|cially after bloud-letting, in others both before and after: The mo&s;t &s;pirituous, and which abound with volatile Salt, are be&s;t; Such as are &s;everal &s;orts of A|poplectick Waters, Spirit of Wine Tartari&s;ate, di+&s;tilled Oils of Anni&s;eed, Ro&s;emary, Sage, Cloves, and the like, with &s;ome Cephalick Water. Volatile Salts e&s;pecially bring great and pre&s;ent benefit, that are &s;eparated and clean&s;ed from all concretion of their Body, &s;uch as are the volatile Salts of <HI>Sal</HI> Am|moniack, Soot, Bloud, Hartshorn, and (which ex|ceeds them all) the volatile Salt of Vipers. The&s;e Salts quickly pa&s;s through the whole Ma&s;s of Bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Bay.</HI> Tract. de Apoplex.</NOTE> and render it more fluid, they infringe the force of Acids, and di&s;&s;olve grumous bloud.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. There are &s;ome who give Treacle or Mi|thridate to drink, but under a great mi&s;take, be|cau&s;e all the virtue of the <HI>Opium</HI> will not be lo&s;t, though they be never &s;o old. To &s;ay nothing of the many A&s;tringents are in them, the &s;trength where|of, although it be qualified, may be &s;u&s;pected; be|cau&s;e the humour, that is the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and moi&s;tens the body of the brain, is more deeply impacted by the&s;e Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nde<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">etius,</NOTE> It is better to give a Scruple or two of Ca&s;tor, which, becau&s;e of its un|plea&s;antne&s;s, le&s;s hurts the brain.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. When a continual Fever (for one Inter|mitting pre&s;ages Death) accompanies the Apoplexy, as it &s;hould do, it needs no other help. If it be too low, it increa&s;es the Di&s;ea&s;e; if too high, it &s;pends a Man. For a Fever cures no other Apoplexy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crato</HI> in Con&s;il.</NOTE> than that which comes of cooling the bloud, of crude humours, and a flatulent &s;pirit. But here the Pru|dence of the Phy&s;ician pre&s;ent is required.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Holleriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> lib. cura<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Sect. <HI>29.</HI></NOTE> One taken with an Apoplexy was rai&s;ed by rubbing and Motion; a Fever followed, gentle enough, but with a <HI>Delirium.</HI> Being negligently cu|red, and not rai&s;ing what fell upon his Lungs, he died the ninth day after his Fever, and the tenth after his Apoplexy.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. The que&s;tion is, about the Po&s;ture of the Patient, namely, Whether he mu&s;t pre&s;ently be put to bed, or be kept up a-while: Some very carefully ob&s;erve the latter, nor without rea|&s;on, becau&s;e certainly there will be a greater propen&s;ity to &s;leep in bed, and the bloud by the heat of the Clothes will be in a greater ferment, and the more it blazes, the more recementitious matter it di&s;charges into the di&s;affected Brain: On the contrary, while the Patient is thin clad, and &s;et in a Chair, the bloud runs &s;lower, and while the Ve&s;&s;els &s;ub&s;ide, they &s;eem fitter to receive the humours from the Head, than to &s;end more thither. Wherefore, if the Patient have &s;trength &s;ufficient, perhaps it were better to &s;it up &s;ix or eight hours, till the flux of the morbifick matter be pa&s;t, and the cour&s;e of the bloud be made more &s;edate, by letting of bloud, and by other remedies carefully admini&s;tred. But &s;uch as are weak, and of a tender Con&s;titution, mu&s;t, as &s;oon as they are &s;eized, be laid on a bed, either in it, or upon it. His po&s;ture mu&s;t be not on his back, but with his head a little rai&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> c. de Apoplex<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> and turned &s;ometime on one &s;ide, &s;ometime on the other.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. They that are &s;tricken immediately with a deprivation of Pul&s;e, and Re&s;piration, and a lit|tle after, when they are cold, &s;eem to have breath|ed their la&s;t, mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be laid out, and left de&s;titute of the help of Phy&s;ick. Moreover, were there no hope of life at all, they &s;hould not be buried for three or four days: Becau&s;e &s;uch, &s;ometime, either of them&s;elves, or by the u&s;e of Remedies, come to life again: Which certainly comes to pa&s;s, not becau&s;e the Vital Heat is kind|led afre&s;h in the Heart (for it was never quite out) but ina&s;much as the morbifick matter being di&s;cu&s;|&s;ed, or evaporated from the <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> the motion of the Heart, as that of a Clock,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> when the Weights are hung on, is &s;et on foot again.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. <HI>The Salt of Elder is highly commended for pre&s;ervation from the Apoplexy, if it be mixt with a third part of the Vo|latile Salt of Amber, and every new and full Moon be given,
<PB N="22" REF="17"> from one &s;cruple to half a drachm in &s;ome convenient Liquor.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martinus Blockwitius</HI> anat. Sam|buci. Sect. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>5.</HI> de Apoplexia. <HI>Joh. Theo|dorus</HI> de Bry introduct. in vital. Philo|&s;oph. tract. <HI>2.</HI> de cau&s;is &amp; curatione morborum, c. <HI>8.</HI> de gutta.</NOTE> <HI>Al&s;o the di&s;tilled Spirit of Elder Berries will doe much good, if a &s;poonfull of it be taken once a week, at each quarter of the Moon, with a little white bread and Sugar.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>The Solution or Oil of Pearl is a Secret in the Apoplexy; if one have lo&s;t his Speech, drop five or &s;ix drops on his tongue, and he will recover his Speech.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. Decoction of <HI>Sar&s;aparilla</HI> is a divine Remedy in pre&s;ervation from the Apoplexy: for its deter&s;ive, cutting and opening, and &s;trengthens the inner parts of the head e&s;pecially. It may be thus prepared: take of <HI>Sar&s;aparilla</HI> cut, two ounces, of Primro&s;e and Lilly Conval Flowers, of each an handfull, Fen|nil Seeds &s;ix drachms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Epi&s;t. Med.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Steep them four and twen|ty hours in two quarts of Water, and boil half away, when it is almo&s;t boiled, put in of <HI>Agallochum</HI> three &s;cruples and an half: Strain it and keep it for u&s;e. The do&s;e is five or &s;ix ounces in a morning with a drachm and an half of Cinnamon Water; let the Patient &s;weat, but not &s;o as to weaken him much.</P>
<P N="4">4. Having had &s;ingular Experience of the&s;e Pills, in pre&s;erving from the Apoplexy, I advi&s;e the u&s;e of them, whereof I give a &s;cruple at night every time the Moon is at change and full, even in Summer. Take of Cubebs, Calamint, Ma&s;tich, Nutmeg, Cloves, each a drachm, Amber-gri&s;e half a drachm, Musk &s;ix grains;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ibid. p. m. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> with juice of Marjoram, let them be made into Pills.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem. &s;ingular. con|&s;il. Medic.</HI> 34, 35, 3<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, 37.</NOTE>5. Let him that is &s;ubject to the Apoplexy hold a piece of ro&s;ted Nutmeg frequently in his Mouth. For this corrects the cold temperament of the Brain.</P>
<P N="6">6. The u&s;e of Caroway-&s;eeds not onely eaten, but &s;melled to, is highly commended. Al&s;o the follow|ing Powder is very good for Pre&s;ervation. Take of the Roots of <HI>Si&s;eli Creticum,</HI> one drachm, of the Seeds of Rocket, Cardamome, White Pepper, each two &s;cruples, mix them and make a Powder. Let him take to the quantity of a Bean, or mix it with &s;yrrup of Betony. It is good to &s;nuff into the No|&s;trils.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ibid.</NOTE> Marjoram Water, which hath had beaten, Rocket-&s;eed, and a little Ginger &s;teeped in it.</P>
<P N="7">7. You may pre&s;erve your &s;elf from the Apo|plexy, if once a Month you take of <HI>Hiera Hermetis</HI> three drachms and an half, and thrice a week a drachm of Mithridate, except in Dog-days. The <HI>Hiera</HI> mu&s;t be taken in the morning fa&s;ting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Con&s;. <HI>109.</HI></NOTE> and the Mithridate at Bed-time.</P>
<P N="8">8. This Powder is good to pre&s;erve from the A|poplexy. Take of White Amber prepared three drachms, of Peony Root, <HI>Species Diarrhodon Abbatis,</HI> each half a drachm; Mix them and make a Powder. The Do&s;e is a drachm every month, next day after the change of the Moon, in a little <HI>Aqua Vitae.</HI> The u&s;e of it mu&s;t be continued,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Con&s;. <HI>113.</HI></NOTE> and &s;o at length the Bo|dy will be freed from the Apoplexy, and from &s;eve|ral other Symptomes.</P>
<P N="9">9. A Powder made of a like quantity of White Amber, and <HI>Species Diarrhodon Abbatis,</HI> given to a Scru|ple in Betony, or Black-Cherry water, is de&s;erved|ly e&s;teemed as a peculiar Remedy in the Apoplexy and Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Con&s;. <HI>149.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. This Bal&s;ame bears the bell from all the re&s;t; Take of Oil of Nutmeg by expre&s;&s;ion one ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">David. Cru&s;. <HI>Theatr. morb.</HI> He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">metico H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ppocrat. <HI>lib.</HI> 20. 13. <HI>p. m.</HI> 19<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> <HI>Spe|cies Diambrae</HI> one drachm, of Hare's Pa&s;terns half a drachm, infu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Oil of Ca&s;tor for two days; when you have &s;trained it, add Oil of Cloves, Cinnamon, Lavender, Marjoram, Cummin, Amber, each one Scruple, of Musk and Am|ber-gri&s;e, each half a &s;cruple, mix them, and make a Bal&s;ame, &s;have the head, and apply it.</P>
<P N="11">11. This Ointment of <HI>Villanovanus</HI> is of admirable u&s;e; Take of <HI>Galbanum</HI> half a pound, of Gum Ivy half an ounce, mix them, and di&s;till them by an Alem|bick, take the Oil and Water and mix them with an ounce of Oil of Brick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ibid.</NOTE> and a pound of Turpen|tine; di&s;till them again, &s;eparate the Oil from the Water, and keep the Oil for an Ointment.</P>
<P N="12">12. <HI>Claudius Deodate, panthei hygia&s;t. lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 21. <HI>de &s;pecifica particul. morb. c&ugrave;ratione, p. m.</HI> 127. <HI>Apoplexia &s;ive gutta;</HI> highly commends the Semilunar Stone, found above the eyes of a Carp. And, <HI>Johannes Vincentius Finckius, enchirid. Dogmatico Hermet. cap.</HI> 6. <HI>de Apoplexia,</HI> tells us, This Stone was a Noble Womans Serret, whereby &s;he cured &s;everal of the Apoplexy, of that e&s;pecially which &s;ei&s;ed the Patient with the motion and contraction of the Mu&s;cles above the Eyes, by giving &s;ome of them in <HI>Aqua florum Tiliae.</HI></P>
<P N="13">13. A mo&s;t &s;ecret and certain remedy again&s;t the Apoplexy. Take of Lion's Dung powdered two pounds, pour Spirit of Wine, till it be covered three fingers breadth, let them &s;tand in a Viol &s;topt three days. Strain it, and keep it for u&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;cus Hildi&s;heim, <HI>Spic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">legio,</HI> 6. <HI>p.</HI> 536.</NOTE> Then take a Crow not quite penfeathered, and a young Turtle, burn them apart in an Oven, powder them, pour on the above-&s;aid Spirit of Wine, let them &s;tand in In|fu&s;ion three days. Then take of the Berries of the Linden-tree an ounce and an half, of Peony &s;eeds powdered one ounce and half. Let them be &s;teep|ed in the fore&s;aid Spirit, then add as much of the be&s;t Wine, and &s;ix ounces of Sugar-Candy, boil them in a Pot till the Sugar be melted. Put it up. Let the Patient take a &s;poonfull of it in Wine of|ten in a day for a whole Month. In the Paroxy&s;m give a &s;poonfull, with <HI>Aqua Tiliae,</HI> and with the &s;ame Water rub the Forehead, Neck, Temples and No|&s;trils. The Arch-Dutche&s;s of <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> had frequent experience of the Virtue of this Medicine.</P>
<P N="14">14. Take Oil of Cinnamon, Cloves and Lavender;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. Bap. Van, Helm. <HI>Tract. de Febribus, c.</HI> 15. <HI>p. m.</HI> 778.</NOTE> if you know how to change them into Volatile Salt, you have got as effectual a Remedy, as can be ex|pected from the&s;e Simples in an inveterate <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Palpitation, Apoplexy, and &s;uch ca&s;es.</P>
<P N="15">15. The following <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> or Quinte&s;&s;ence pre|&s;erves a Man from, yea cures him of the <HI>Apoplexy,</HI> if a &s;poonfull of it be taken every morning. Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary Flowers, Lavender, each two ounces, of Balm, Sage, each one ounce, of <HI>Spe|cies Diamo&s;chi dulcis, Diambrae,</HI> each two drachms, of the Root of Peony, the Seed of the &s;ame, of Cinna|mon, each half an ounce, of Saffron a drachm, of Ca&s;tor, Rocket Seed, each two drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Franc. Joel.</HI> Oper. Med. Tom. <HI>1.</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> Sect. <HI>3.</HI> p. m. <HI>91.</HI> Apo|plexiae cura|tio.</NOTE> of Sugar Candy half an ounce, of Juniper Water di&s;tilled four pounds, brui&s;e them and mix them, let them &s;tand Infu&s;ed in the Sun, or &s;ome warm place for a Month, di&s;till it in A&s;hes, let the dry Matter be taken out of the Gla&s;s, and pounded, and let the di&s;til|led Water be poured on it again, let them &s;tand in a warm Infu&s;ion fourteen days, and then di&s;till them in <HI>Balneo Mariae.</HI></P>
<P N="16">16. I gave a Noble Apoplectick Woman, who could not &s;peak for three days, Spirit of Black Cher|ries, and &s;he pre&s;ently recovered her Voice. <HI>Mr. Tho|mas Ke&s;ler tractatu German.</HI> 200 <HI>proce&s;&s;. chim. proce&s;|&s;u</HI> 53.</P>
<P N="17">17. E&s;&s;ence of Amber, with Apoplectick Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Conrad. Kunrad.</HI> Me|dull. di&s;till. part. <HI>1.</HI> p.m. <HI>202.</HI> &amp; <HI>248.</HI></NOTE> is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy for an Apoplexy.</P>
<P N="18">18. Tincture, or E&s;&s;ence of the Amaethi&s;t, is both an excellent Pre&s;ervative and Cure. The Do&s;e is to fifteen drops.</P>
<P N="19">19. Take of Flowers of the Linden-tree, and Lil|ly of the Valley as much as you plea&s;e, Bay-berries two ounces, beat them all well together, till they be in a kind of Ma&s;s: Then take &s;ome juice of Vio|lets mixt with Sugar, pour it on the Ma&s;s, mix them well, and &s;train the juice hard out. Take this, and half as much Salt of Wormwood di&s;&s;olved into Li|quor. Di&s;till it by a Retort, rectifie the liquor that comes over, drive it through a Retort again, and then bring it over an Alembick, that there may be no Phlegm, and you will have a mo&s;t excellent Spirit, of which you may give half a &s;poonfull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>2.</HI> p. m. <HI>137.</HI> ad Apoplex.</NOTE> with a little Cinnamon, or Linden-Flower Water, to an Apoplectick per&s;on. It gives pre&s;ent help, and pre&s;erves a Man his whole Life from the Apo|plexy.</P>
<P N="20">20. For the Apoplexy.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Phil. Muller.</HI> mirac. chim. lib. <HI>5.</HI> p. m. <HI>83.</HI></NOTE> Take of the be&s;t <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> one Pint, of Juniper Berries two handfulls
<PB N="23" REF="17"> brui&s;e them, and Infu&s;e them in the <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> for three days; &s;train it out, and put into it of Sage, Pennyrial, Cre&s;&s;es, Saffron, each one drachm; give a little to the Patient, and he will pre&s;ently recover his Speech.</P>
<P N="20">20. <HI>Felix Platerus tract. de function. lae&s;. cap.</HI> 2. &s;aith, That Chymi&s;ts give the Extract of Sage in Apo|plexies as a great Secret.</P>
<P N="21"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. Popp.</HI> Tract. de Fe|bribus malig|nis, c. <HI>3.</HI> de Apoplex.</NOTE>21. A &s;ure &s;ecret for the Apoplexy, and lo&s;s of Speech. Take of Oil of White Amber &s;even grains, of Ambergri&s;e and Musk each eight grains, of the Water of Lavender, Betony, each half an ounce, of the Water of Marjoram one ounce, mix them and make a Liquor, which, when taken, the Speech will be re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="22">22. The following Water is of admirable Virtue, in comforting the Brain and Nerves. It powerfully helps the Memory, &s;harpens the Wit, &s;trengthens the Judgment. Wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ther it be taken inwardly, or the Part affected be chafed with it, it doeth much good.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Guernerus Rolfinkins,</HI> Ord. &amp; Meth. Med. &s;pecial. con&s;ultatoriae l. <HI>2.</HI> Con&s;. <HI>25.</HI> &amp; <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> Every Do&s;e may be exalted with &s;ome grains of Magi&s;tery of Pearl, or Specifick of Anti|mony. Take of the Leaves of Sage, with the Tops and Flowers of Marjoram, Lily Conval, Balm, Hy|&s;op, Lavender, each two handfulls, of Ro&s;emary, Vervain, each half an handfull, of the Root of Leopards-bane one ounce, of Nutmeg, Galangale, Cinnamon, each one ounce, of Bayberries, Juniper|berries, each three ounces, of Herb Paris one ounce, of Caroway-Seeds, Cubebs, Cardamome, each half an ounce, of Whitewine as much as is &s;ufficient. Let them be well brui&s;ed and Infu&s;ed for &s;ome days, or let them &s;tand fourteen days in Hor&s;edung. Then di&s;till it in <HI>Balneo Mariae.</HI></P>
<P N="23"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Dan. Sen|nert.</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> par. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>33.</HI> p. m. <HI>665.</HI> de Apoplexia.</NOTE>23. <HI>Confectio Anacardina,</HI> as it is proper in all cold di&s;ea&s;es of the Brain, &s;o in this e&s;pecially, given either alone (if the Patient come to him&s;elf, and can take &s;olid Medicines) or di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Aqua Vitae.</HI> Al&s;o di&s;tilled Oil of Nutmegs, if dropt into the No|&s;trils and Ears, and the Palate be rubbed with it, is highly commended.</P>
<P N="24">24. A Mineral Antapoplectical Water. Take of Creme of Tartar one pound, of the Mineral of Anti|mony a pound and an half. Let the Acid Spirit be di&s;tilled, by a Retort, with a moderate fire, which let be rectified. Take of this &s;ix ounces, add there|to of Spirit of <HI>Venus</HI> made of Verdigriece, three ounces, of the burning &s;pirit of Saturn, di&s;tilled from his Sugar, an ounce and half, of the volatile &s;ul|phureous Vitriol, rectified by the acid &s;pirit, four ounces. Mix them for u&s;e. It is an excellent tart Water, much to be de&s;ired in all Apoplectick, Epi|leptick, and Soporous ca&s;es. It may &s;afely be gi|ven to Children in Fits, from one drachm to two in &s;ome gratefull Vehicle.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Appetentia nimia, depravata.</HI> Or, The Appetite too great and depraved.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not u&s;e too much fat things in allaying it. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mu&s;t be u&s;ed cautiou&s;ly. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A depraved Appetite cured by Sweat. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Volatile Salts. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By running of the Haemorrhoids. <HI>V.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. FAt and clammy things &s;tay too great hun|ger: yet they are more proper in the be|ginning, when we would provoke Vomit: but when the Vomit becomes violent, they mu&s;t be omitted. We mu&s;t al&s;o have a care le&s;t we u&s;e them over much, and the Patient be brought into a contrary conditi|on; therefore, when the Patient begins to mend,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Fat things, and which hinder concoction, mu&s;t be omitted.</P>
<P N="2">II. But Narcoticks are to be u&s;ed with caution, and &s;trong ones avoided, as the Infu&s;ion of Mad Night&s;hade made in Wine, which immediately de|&s;troys all appetite of Food in the mo&s;t voracious per|&s;on. Yet &s;trong Wine and Brandy may be u&s;ed, which, according to <HI>Platerus,</HI> take away hunger, not &s;o much by heating, as &s;tupifying: As Treacle and Mithridate by the &s;ame narcotick quality, he thinks, do take away the dog-like Appetite.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. It is good in the depraved Appetite, &s;ome|times to cau&s;e a gentle Sweat. But we mu&s;t have a care that the Patient be not &s;tifled with Clothes; for it were better not to &s;weat at all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Syl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> de le Boe~, <HI>Tract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> than too vio|lently; &s;eeing that Sudorificks mend and correct the bad humours, though they expell them not. And I &s;till prefer liquid and &s;pirituous things before gro&s;s ones, though Antimonial, how dry &s;oever, are ex|cellent in this ca&s;e, to wit, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Bezoarticum minerale,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Seeing a depraved Appetite differs, according to the diver&s;ity of the thing craved, I will here pro|pound its Cure onely in general, which con&s;i&s;ts in clean&s;ing the Bloud, and other humours, by amend|ment whereof, the <HI>Pica</HI> cea&s;es of it &s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Prix. lib. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> I have by experience found, that Volatile Salts doe more good than all other Medicines I have yet tried, be|cau&s;e they provoke the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> gently and kindly. The &s;uppre&s;&s;ion whereof is often the cau&s;e of the <HI>Pica.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. A Man troubled with the Itch, had al&s;o the longing Di&s;ea&s;e for three Months. He had the Haemorrhoids, and within two days the Di&s;ea&s;e left him:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius. <HI>Centur.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 57.</NOTE> For the matter re&s;iding in the Veins affected the Nerves of the Stomach, which once removed, the party was ea&s;ed of that trouble. Whence it is clear, that in this Di&s;ea&s;e the matter doth not al|ways &s;tick in the Nerves.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians for Exce&s;s of Appetite.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of <HI>Hiera &s;implex Galeni</HI> one Scruple,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Fore&s;t, <HI>lib.</HI> 18. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 8.</NOTE> of Rhu|barb well powdered a Scruple and half, with Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, make it into Pills, N^o xv. I have cured &s;everal of this Di&s;ea&s;e, with the&s;e Pills onely taken for &s;ome time.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nnus</HI> prax. Chymi. a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. p. <HI>100.</HI></NOTE> The Philo&s;ophick Spirit of Vitriol divers times given in Pomegranate-Wine, Syrup of Lemons, or Tincture of Ro&s;es, cures mo&s;t perfectly.</P>
<P N="3">3.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Senn.</HI> de Boul. m.</NOTE> If in a Boulimy one be troubled with Faint|ing, it is good pre&s;ently to give him Bread &s;opped in Wine.</P>
<P N="4">4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus <HI>The&s;aur. Ph<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rm. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 11.</NOTE> Antiquity found not a more pre&s;ent Remedy for this eating Evil, than Bread and the &s;mell thereof.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>For the Appetite depraved.</HEAD>
<P N="5">5. I know,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hor.</HI> Aug. <HI>3.</HI> Epi&s;t. Con&s; p. <HI>425.</HI></NOTE> that to give a Drachm and half of the Powder of the Seed of Ammi, four days one after a|nother, doth admirably help a depraved Appetite, for the Women are either cured, or much bet|ter by it.</P>
<P N="6">6.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul Cae&s;. Claud. <HI>in Empiri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> Rational, p.</HI> 238.</NOTE> The&s;e two things have great Efficacy in the longing Di&s;ea&s;e. (1.) Take of Walnut Buds four Ounces, <HI>Aloe Socotrina</HI> one Ounce, Juice of Agrimo|ny half an Ounce, Frankincen&s;e one Drachm, Scoinanth two Drachms. Ma&s;h them together, boil them in water till the water be almo&s;t boiled away. Then &s;train it, and to what is &s;trained out, put as much Honey, give one Drachm of this every other day. (2.) Take of Mu&s;tard-Seed half a Scruple, of Pigeons Bones burnt to a&s;hes one Drachm and a half, Seed of Pur&s;lane one Drachm, Cinnamon two
<PB N="24" REF="18"> Scruples, Juice of Quinces two Ounces, White Su|gar three Ounces. Mix them in a double Ve&s;&s;el over the fire.</P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>David Her|lic.</HI> de cur. gravid. c. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE>7. This is very good. Take in the Month of <HI>May</HI> the fir&s;t white Buds of the Vine, brui&s;e them and di&s;till them by an Alembick. Let a Woman with Child drink a little of this for three or four days; and it will neither hurt the Child, nor give it any Mark, though &s;he &s;hould not get what &s;he longed for.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacob. Hol|ler. <HI>In&s;t. Chir. p.</HI> 49.</NOTE>8. A Decoction of the greater Chamaemil, that is very like Southernwood, will be of great u&s;e in this ca&s;e: for it &s;urpa&s;&s;es all other &s;orts of Reme|dies.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercurial,</HI> de morb. Mul. p. <HI>3<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE>9. If Women labour under a depraved Appetite, <HI>Aegineta</HI> commends the u&s;e of old and odoriferous Wine, the Water of Shepherd's Rod, e&s;pecially drunk after Meals: al&s;o Dill infu&s;ed in Wine.</P>
<P N="10"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderus.</NOTE>10. Sowre Pomegranates are good for the <HI>Pica</HI> in Women with Child. The Leaves of the Vine are al&s;o good.</P>
<P N="11"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Tro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ula</HI> de Regimin. Praegnant. p. <HI>101.</HI></NOTE>11. If a Woman with Child long, give her Beans with Sugar.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Arthritis, Podagra.</HI> or, The running Gout, and Gout.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The running Gout and Gout differ in their Cau&s;es and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;hould e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved in the Cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Generous and extraordinary Remedies are required to cure the Gout. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Gouty per&s;on cured by nailing his feet to a Block of Wood. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By violent knocking of one foot again&s;t the other. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The good of Bloud-letting. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Hurt of it in an inveterate Gout. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding in the Foot be proper. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why a Vomit is proper. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be proper. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When you mu&s;t Purge in the beginning of the Gout. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Violent Purgers often taken doe hurt. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom <HI>Caryoco&s;tinum</HI> is proper. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Hermodactyls &s;hould be u&s;ed. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is hurtfull. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks good in the Scorbutick running Gout. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Cure may be performed by Salivation. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether drinking &V;rine be proper. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After what manner Alteratives given in the Paroxy&s;m do work. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Sudorificks be proper. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Milk be good again&s;t the Gout. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Preparatives &s;hould be u&s;ed for prevention. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks taken inwardly doe good. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what the Virtue of Antipodagricks con&s;i&s;ts. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Medicines outwardly applied doe good. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit by Application of Narcoticks. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of cooling things be &s;afe. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Strengtheners &s;hould be applied. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nature of Di&s;cutients. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be po&s;&s;ible to di&s;&s;olve the Knots in the Gout. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A thin Diet is proper. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diet doeth more good than Medicines. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Exerci&s;e, when convenient. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding will doe little good in old Men. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging will doe none. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;&s;ed by Empiricks. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweating mu&s;t not be procured by Art. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that help concoction are proper. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies mu&s;t be u&s;ed con&s;tantly. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Milk Diet good, if it can be continued in. <HI>XL.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;um of <HI>William ten Rhyne's M. D.</HI> Treati&s;e of the Gout.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>HIppocrates l. de Affect. Sect.</HI> 3. lays down the peculiar &s;igns of the running Gout. 1. Pains of the Joints, with remarkable heat, not in them onely, but the whole Body over, in&s;omuch, that men &s;eem plainly to be in a Fever. 2. The nature of the Pains, which at the very fir&s;t inva&s;ion are pre&s;ently acute, although &s;ometimes they are more moderate. 3. The running of the Pains from one Joint to ano|ther. The e&s;&s;ence of the running Gout con&s;i&s;ts in the&s;e Three things, which di&s;tingui&s;h it from the Gout: for in this the heat is not &s;o evidently per|ceived at the fir&s;t, as in the running Gout, nor till the corrupt Humour in the Veins be tran&s;mitted to the out-parts. And the rea&s;on of this difference ari|&s;es hence; becau&s;e in the Gout the Di&s;ea&s;e is in the little Veins, and the inner parts; in the running Gout it lies outwardly, and nearer the skin. 2. In the Gout, the Pains at lea&s;t in the beginning are not &s;o &s;harp, and that by rea&s;on of the Matter, which, in the running Gout is thinner and &s;harper; which diver&s;ity of Matter indeed may be one cau&s;e, why the pain in the running Gout is accompanied with greater heat, than in the Gout it &s;elf. And there|fore the running Gout is reckoned among acute Di|&s;ea&s;es: but the Gout among the Chronical, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>de morbis,</HI> where there is no mention made of the Running Gout, it being an acute, not a chronical Di&s;ea&s;e. And then the running of the Pain from one Joint to another di&s;tingui&s;hes them: For although the Gout pains pa&s;s from one Joint to another, they doe it gradually, and not &s;o &s;uddenly as in the Running Gout, in which, when the pain is at the height, it pre&s;ently cea&s;es, and takes another joint. <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> &s;aith, that Choler and Phlegm when they are mo|ved and &s;ettle upon the joints, are cau&s;es of the run|ning Gout. Where ob&s;erve, that the&s;e Humours come not from any particular part of the Body, but from the whole: And in this lies the difference, the morbifick matter of the Gout comes not from the whole, but is ca&s;t off by &s;ome Principal Part to the Joints. And this is the chief rea&s;on why the Gout is a far more grievous Di&s;ea&s;e than the running Gout, and harder to Cure; and why the running Gout is &s;ometime perfectly cured, and never comes again, which the Gout generally does.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hipp.</HI> l. de nat. hum.</NOTE> <HI>For whatever Di&s;ea&s;es pa&s;s from a &s;tronger part to a weaker are difficultly cured.</HI> Since therefore the Gout is of this nature, no wonder if its Cure be difficult; and the rather, becau&s;e it is not ea&s;ie to find what is the original of it, the Brain, or Liver, or what other noble Part; which being unknown, it is utterly impo&s;&s;ible to cure the Gout, &s;eeing the Part which &s;ends the Humour &s;hould fir&s;t be cured. Therefore, to the breeding of the Gout there concurs, 1. The fault of &s;ome Prin|cipal Part, which breeds, gathers and di&s;po&s;es of the morbifick matter. 2. The di&s;po&s;ition of the joints to receive the Flux, <HI>i. e.</HI> a certain weakne&s;s, which when there is none, there is no Gout; but Di&s;ea&s;es much of the &s;ame nature, and returning at certain times, as the Colick, Epilep&s;ie, <HI>A&s;thma, Vertigo,</HI> Head-ach, e&s;pecially the Stone in the Kidneys. Another difference of the&s;e two di&s;ea&s;es, in re&s;pect of their material cau&s;e, is, that onely Choler and Phlegm con|cur to the breeding of the running Gout; but <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> &s;aith of the Gout, <HI>And indeed this is a di&s;ea&s;e of the Bloud in the &s;mall veins, corrupted by Phlegm and Choler.</HI> Whence we may gather, that Bile and Choler are carried from &s;ome part principally affected, by the Veins to the Joints; where, if they find the Bloud in the little Veins di&s;po&s;ed to corruption, they cor|rupt it, and cau&s;e pain: If not, they u&s;e not to cau&s;e pain, becau&s;e the Ve&s;&s;els do contain them; and unle&s;s there be di&s;ten&s;ion, or the Humours be ex|trava&s;ated,
<PB N="25" REF="18"> there can be no &s;olution of Continuity, which is the proximate cau&s;e of pain. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> treating of the Cure of them both, &s;aith, <HI>And the &s;ame things are good for this, which are good for the running Gout.</HI> And the rea&s;on of their Convenience is, be|cau&s;e all of them have re&s;pect to the material Cau&s;e, <HI>i. e.</HI> Choler and Phlegm, which fall upon the Joints. But treating of the Gout he &s;ubjoyns; <HI>But if the Pain abide in the fingers, burn the Veins a little above the Knuckles, and you mu&s;t burn them with raw fiax.</HI> He propounds not this Remedy in the running Gout, both becau&s;e the remainder of its pains are not of any continuance,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>P. Martianus</HI> comm. in. cit. loc. p. <HI>170.</HI></NOTE> and becau&s;e it lies not &s;o deep as the Gout; as al&s;o becau&s;e the continuance of the Pain argues great weakne&s;s of the Joint, which cannot be better help|ed than by burning, and it may alter the bad di&s;po|&s;ition of the part, whereby the bloud therein con|tained is di&s;po&s;ed to corruption, in which the E&s;|&s;ence of the Gout &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>Epi&s;t,</HI> 1. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE>II. We mu&s;t rather take care of the Part that &s;ends the Humour, le&s;t it breed more, than think of outward Applications. All the &s;tre&s;s of Precau|tion lies in this, in hindring the breeding of <HI>Serum,</HI> and the Ebullition of Humours. <HI>Crato in Epi&s;t.</HI> 52. hath the&s;e words; <HI>I think the whole of Precaution con&s;i&s;ts in a right cour&s;e of Diet and Ab&s;tinence; al&s;o in wa&s;hing the Head and Sweating.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. That efficacious Remedies are required to cure the Gout, the&s;e following examples of per&s;ons cured do &s;hew. A Turk at <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> (as an ocu|lar and credible witne&s;s, Mr. <HI>Arlaud</HI> a Watchmaker of <HI>Geneva</HI> told me) who had a confirmed Gout, re|ceived, according to the Cu&s;tome of that People, five and twenty blows with a Cane upon the Soles of his Feet, as a Puni&s;hment for &s;ome Fault; he was deprived of the u&s;e of his Feet for &s;ome days, but he lived afterwards free from the Gout. Alterati|on of Diet is of great efficacy in this ca&s;e. Mr. <HI>Franchet</HI> of <HI>Pontarlier</HI> in <HI>Burgundy,</HI> a Man well known to mo&s;t, and to me formerly, who was bani&s;hed his Countrey by an inrode of the <HI>Swedes, An.</HI> 1636. into <HI>Burgundy;</HI> having lo&s;t all, was forced to get his li|ving by carrying a Panier at his back to Markets and Fairs; and by this cour&s;e of life he lived afterwards free from the Gout.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Patient was an Inn-keeper, the Phy&s;ician was a certain Noble Knight, who bargained with his Ho&s;t to Cure him of the Gout for 300 Florens, and having received a Bill under his hand, he un|dertook the Cure. The Patient was commanded to &s;et his Feet upon a Block of Wood. The Knight had his Servants, who were &s;tout Fellows, by, to hold him down, as he &s;ate; The Knight him&s;elf with a Hammer, and &s;ix Nails, nailed his Feet to the Block; he left his Patient crying out mo&s;t mi&s;era|bly, and took Hor&s;e. In the mean time he made In|quiry, whether the Gout came again, and after three years, when he under&s;tood it was not come, he re|turned to the Inn, and joking with his Landlord, Asked him, If he was Cured of the Gout? then he produced the Bill under his Hand, and demanded his Fee:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Doringius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>E|pi&s;t.</HI> 46.</NOTE> His Landlord, though cruelly handled, a|greed to it. The Knight indeed tarried &s;o long with him, till he and his Servants had &s;pent the 300 Florens.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Lewis Noel</HI> a Surgeon of <HI>Geneva,</HI> Sworn Searcher of the Dead, who died almo&s;t Ninety years old, <HI>Anno</HI> 1678. had been long afflicted with the Gout. When he was laid up of a Fit, a Woman that was a Natural, called <HI>le Mai&s;tre,</HI> &s;teals into the Hou&s;e, and catching him by his Feet, &s;he hit one again&s;t the other violently, and would not leave off, till &s;ome came to his a&s;&s;i&s;tance, and turn'd his Tormentor out of doors. From that time he lived free from the Gout Twenty years and upwards, and made u&s;e of no Remedy.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Bloud-letting, for prevention &s;ake, mu&s;t ne|ver be omitted in Plethorick Bodies, nor in tho&s;e that fare well, and drink high. Spring and Fall breathe a Vein in the Arm; in Melancholick per&s;ons bleed the Haemorrhoids, in Women provoke the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> if they be &s;topt. <HI>Galen</HI> confidently affirms, it is a pre&s;ent Remedy in &s;harp Pains, violent Defluxi|ons, and high Inflammations.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de May|erne <HI>de Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hr. p.</HI> 94.</NOTE> And if the&s;e three meet in the beginning of the Gout, Who will de|ny it in &s;o urgent nece&s;&s;ity? Since the Excellency of this Remedy is &s;uch, Can any other more certain, or of le&s;s dubious event be tried? Should not this, when pains are urgent, be preferred before Purg|ing?</P>
<P N="7">VII. In a fre&s;h Gout, or in one not very inveterate,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap. de Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hrit.</NOTE> in a hot con&s;titution e&s;pecially, to let Bloud in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, often gives relief. But in an habitual Di&s;ea&s;e, a cold Con&s;titution, and old Age, it u&s;ually does more hurt than good; ina&s;|much as it depre&s;&s;es the Vigour of the Bloud and Spirits that are not rai&s;ed too high, without any diminution of the Morbifick Matter.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Magi&s;trate of <HI>Copenhagen, An.</HI> 1665. was ta|ken with a Second Fit of the Gout; his pain lay mo&s;t in the Great Toe of his right Foot, and the Veins of that Toe &s;trutting out very much; I order|ed him to be bled where his Pain lay mo&s;t, the Bloud &s;prung out as violently, as if it had been out of the Median Vein.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Paul Qua|drip. <HI>Botan. Cla&s;s.</HI> 3. Bonus Hen|ricus.</NOTE> Afterwards I applied the following Catapla&s;m, and he was ea&s;ed of his pain to the ad|miration of all men, &s;o that within three days he was able to go abroad without any inconvenience. Take of fre&s;h Allgood without the Flowers 4 hand|fulls, dry Flowers of Elder, Chamaemil, each 2 hand|fulls. Boil them to ma&s;h in a &s;ufficient quantity of Elder-Water; add of Gum <HI>Caranna</HI> half an ounce, Camphire half a drachm. Mix them, make a Cata|pla&s;m.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A Vomit is an excellent Pre&s;ervative again&s;t the Gout, which may be provoked by the help of Emeticks, where there is abundance of Humours; where the Joints are lax, and the Di&s;ea&s;e draws nigh, and when the Patient lives at large, and hearkens not to the Advice of Phy&s;icians, but indul|ges him&s;elf to the lo&s;s of his health. But there is another &s;ort of Vomit, very u&s;efull and le&s;s trouble|&s;ome. If you would under&s;tand the Rea&s;on of it, you mu&s;t know, the Original of the Gout mu&s;t not be derived from the Liver or Brain, but from the Stomach, the fir&s;t &s;ource of the material cau&s;e, which is afterward diffu&s;ed through the w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ole venous kind. According to the advice of the <HI>Arabians,</HI> it is conve|nient to be drunk once a month, which is not un|becoming, &s;o that a Man turns not Swine, but re|tains his Rea&s;on. This Advice &s;uits well wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> tho&s;e Swill-guts, that &s;wallow all things without &s;cruple. Let &s;uch &s;tuff their Guts once or twice a Month more than u&s;ual, with any &s;ort of Food, but e&s;peci|ally Fat things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de May|erne, <HI>Tra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. de Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hritide, p.</HI> 16 <HI>&amp;</HI> 26.</NOTE> and then drink what Liquour they plea&s;e in greater quantity than ordinary. Let them thus charged &s;tand quiet for an hour, then walk gent|ly for half an hour, and then let them put their fin|gers in their Throats, to make them&s;elves vomit, that, together with what they have gorged them&s;elves, they may throw up that Ropy &s;tuff which did &s;tick to the &s;ides of the Stomach; but is now wa&s;hed off with drink, and mixt with the food.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Purge &s;hould be given at the fir&s;t, and in the very beginning of the Fit: for &s;o the Humour that is flowing, and about to flow, will be diverted from the pa&s;&s;ages of the Joints to the Guts. And in this Pur|gation two very remarkable things &s;hould be ob&s;er|ved; fir&s;t, not to Purge with a gentle lenient Medicine, that may rather &s;tir than evacuate the Humours, and &s;o throw them upon the Joints; upon which the Pain and Swelling u&s;e to increa&s;e; but with &s;ome &s;mart Purge, that may evacuate the Humour, and avert it from the Joints. Secondly, to wrap &s;ome Defen&s;ative above the Knees and Elbows, that the flowing Humour, if any be on Motion, by taking of Phy&s;ick may be intercepted, make an Ointment of Bole, Pomegranate Rind and Flowers, Root of
<PB N="26" REF="19"> Bi&s;tort,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riverius,</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI> de Ar|thritide.</NOTE> Tormentil, Ro&s;es, with Whites of Eggs and Vinegar, which you may apply, and bind on with Swathing Bands and Roilers.</P>
<P N="11">XI. As to Purging in the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e, it is a thing much controverted: while &s;ome Phy&s;i|cians do religiou&s;ly ab&s;tain from all Purging before the Declen&s;ion or end of the Fit; Others, on the contrary, give a &s;trong Purge in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and frequently with good &s;ucce&s;s. The Rea&s;on of this Difference &s;eems principally to con|&s;i&s;t in this, namely, that &s;ome Gouty per&s;ons have as yet a firm con&s;titution and tone of Humours, and of the Ve&s;&s;els that contain them, and have Joints not yet weakned. Wherefore, as &s;oon as the bloud or nervous juice are &s;tirred by Phy&s;ick, their Super|fluities and Recrements are not pre&s;ently precipitated to the di&s;ea&s;ed Place; but by yielding to the irri|tation and motion of the Phy&s;ick, they are di&s;charg|ed into the Guts by the mouths of the Arteries, and the mean while the empty Ve&s;&s;els do draw and &s;uck back &s;ome part of the morbifick matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap. de Arthriti|de.</NOTE> But otherwi&s;e, in tender and weak Con&s;titutions, upon the lea&s;t commotion of Phy&s;ick, the Excrements of both the&s;e Humours fall upon the Gouty part. There|fore they, for whom a Purge is convenient, mu&s;t be Purged with a &s;trong and good working Medi|cine.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Violent Purgers, although they &s;eem to doe good, yet they &s;trangely influence the Body, while they wa&s;te the Radical Moi&s;ture and Natural Heat, and much weaken the members of Concoction, &s;o that within a little time there is as much Excremen|titious Humour bred, as was purged out; Where|fore men mu&s;t have a care of frequent u&s;ing &s;uch Me|dicines and unlearned Phy&s;icians.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Bayrus</HI> an Italian Phy&s;ician extolls his <HI>Caryo|co&s;tinum</HI> to the Skies, the Simples whereof, &s;ince they are very hot, and that its operation is pret|ty violent, I &s;carce think it proper for dry bodies, but onely for tho&s;e that are very moi&s;t and cold. And although he affirm, that when he was extremely af|flicted with the Gout, and the pain was very vio|lent, he hath taken this, and always recovered his Feet, &s;o as to be able to walk to the Clo&s;e-&s;tool without leading; I do verily believe him, as be|ing a learned Phy&s;ician, and a well-experienced old Man: Yet it is clear, that Gouty per&s;ons &s;hould not be purged with their Pains upon them,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Th. de May|erne,</HI> in Tract. de Arthritide. p. <HI>36</HI> &amp; <HI>49.</HI></NOTE> or if they be, it mu&s;t be done to purpo&s;e; otherwi&s;e, you certainly exa&s;perate the Di&s;ea&s;e. This danger will be prevented, if the &s;ame day you take your Purge, you take at night a do&s;e of <HI>Laudanum:</HI> by which means the fury of the Humours will be laid, the Spirits fixt, and when the Cau&s;e is dimini&s;hed, the Ail will abate, and Nature will be re&s;tored to her former Liberty.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. But it is to be ob&s;erved, that I never u&s;e any Purge, wherein there are Hermodactyls, when the Patient &s;hould be pre&s;erved from the Gout. For there is no need to fetch the Humours out of tho&s;e parts into which nothing is fallen (except it be an old and knotty Gout, which, by frequent fits hath a return of its pains) and therefore let us be content with things that clean&s;e the Veins and Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Spigelius</HI> de Arthritide, p. m. <HI>80.</HI></NOTE> if it be in fault, after gentle Purging.</P>
<P N="15"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> meth. med. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE>XV. In the Gout we mu&s;t not lightly give <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia;</HI> for part of it turns into nouri&s;hment, and &s;o renders the parts lax and liable to defluxions.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Diureticks are good in the Scorbutick run|ning Gout: for nothing more plentifully expells by Urine the Serous Humours, contaminated with a Scorbutick Ferment, which &s;tirs up the <HI>Archaeus</HI> to that Affection: e&s;pecially when the&s;e Specificks are An|ti&s;corbutick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> which their effect doth clearly &s;hew; for after the u&s;e of them, the Urine which before was clear, is made thick.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Whether Salivation (which is an univer|&s;al Evacuation) be proper in the beginning of a Fit of the Gout? I An&s;wer, I have never made trial of the thing, nor have I any rea&s;on, which might per|&s;wade me to u&s;e it, but many not to u&s;e it. For Sa|livation cannot be rai&s;ed pre&s;ently, but after &s;ome days, which here would be to no purpo&s;e. And Sa|livation proceeds &s;lowly, here is need of &s;peedy Eva|cuation; And if one endeavour to promote over|much, you endanger your Patients life.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Tract.</HI> 8. <HI>Sect.</HI> 171. <HI>&amp; &s;e|quel.</HI></NOTE> Yet I do not deny but it would be good &s;ometime for Gouty per&s;ons, that are clogged with much vi&s;cid Phlegm: but then it mu&s;t not be in the fit, but when they are free of it, and while they are &s;trong, &s;o that they neglect not other things, but have re&s;pect to other peccant Humours.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Dr. <HI>Willis, cap. de Arthritide,</HI> relates a Ca&s;e of a Gentleman, who, upon his being cured of the Stone in the Kidneys, was &s;eized with the Gout. To cure which, he was advi&s;ed to drink his own Urine. In a Month or two his Gout left him: but the Stone in his Kidneys returned again, and in a &s;hort time he died of a total Suppre&s;&s;ion of Urine. When he was opened, they found his right Kidney quite wa&s;ted, and in his left, between the Cavity and the Pa&s;&s;age, a great heap of Gravel and &s;mall Stones. The Dr. imputes his la&s;t misfortune to his drinking his own Water.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Powders of Bones, Stones and Shells, as al|&s;o of &s;harp Vegetables, which are called the <HI>Alexite|ria</HI> of this Di&s;ea&s;e, are good in a fit of the Gout: for they conquer the Morbifick Particles, and by fer|menting with them, as it were mortifie, and then they ca&s;t them out &s;o conquered by Sweat and U|rine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Sweats after Vomiting and Purging are com|mended by &s;ome in the method of Cure. Indeed, when the Heat is cooled, and mo&s;t part of the &s;ym|ptomes gone, it were very proper to draw off the relicks of the matter in the Habit of the Body, by Sweat, or in&s;en&s;ibly, that the Cure may be accom|pli&s;hed, the Swelling di&s;per&s;t, the part a&s;&s;waged, and made more nimble and fit for motion. But here you mu&s;t take &s;pecial care: for there is great hazard in Sweats given un&s;ea&s;onably, le&s;t the Parts grow more inflamed, the Salt re&s;iding in them be made more fixt, and its pa&s;&s;age thence more difficult, or its concretion into in&s;uperable knots more ea&s;ie. If therefore the Humour cau&s;ing the Fit be thin enough and moveable,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Th. de May|erne,</HI> Tract. de Arthriti|de. MS.</NOTE> &s;o as it may be drawn off at one e&s;&s;ay, and leave no dregs or tartarous matter behind, but that mo&s;t part of it pa&s;s by &s;weat, you may give &s;udorificks; but they mu&s;t be very gentle, of the Decoction of Groundpine or Burdock, and you mu&s;t u&s;e &s;uch a Regiment as the Remedy may prove of u&s;e, which otherwi&s;e will be very ha|zardous.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. A Milk Diet challenges not the lowe&s;t place among Alteratives, namely, that the Patient u&s;e no other food for three or four Months. Let him drink new milk Morning and Evening, about Noon, and at other times he may eat it boyl'd with White-bread, Barly, or Oat-meal. I have known &s;ome receive remarkable benefit from this &s;ort of Diet; but others, who upon the u&s;e of Milk have grown wor&s;e, and their Gout not at all cu|red; but have contracted great Ob&s;tructions of their Bowels, and a Cacochymy.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap. de Arthriti|de.</NOTE> Therefore this Cour&s;e &s;hould not be entered into without the Advice of a prudent Phy&s;ician and diligent ob&s;ervation whether it agree or no.</P>
<P N="22">XXII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>Cor&s;.</HI> 66. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Preparatives &s;hould re&s;pect the Humours wholly, and not the Joints (the pre&s;ervation where|of mu&s;t be endeavoured, &s;eeing they contain no matter at pre&s;ent) otherwi&s;e the preparatives would rather carry matter to them.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. When the Defluxion is violent, and the Pains inten&s;e, nothing is more gratefull and proper to cau&s;e &s;leep (which &s;tops all Evacuation, except Sweat) nor is there any thing comparable to <HI>Lauda|num,</HI> 2, 3 or four grains of which may be given at the hour of &s;leep, for &s;everal nights &s;ucce&s;&s;ively. In
<PB N="27" REF="19"> time of Pe&s;t the Humours concoct,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The. de Mayerne, <HI>Tract. de Ar|thritide, p.</HI> 41.</NOTE> and Nature re|covers &s;trength, and makes head again&s;t the Adver|&s;ary. There are other Narcoticks &s;uccedaneous to <HI>Laudanum,</HI> but it has the preheminence above all the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Alterative Medicines, by the Ancients called Gout Antidotes, are of excellent u&s;e, and taken for a long time, together with an exact ob|&s;ervation of the &s;ix nonnatural things, often give great Relief. Tho&s;e Medicines are reckoned the chief of this nature, which are endued with a Vo|latile Salt, or Bal&s;amick Sulphur, ina&s;much as the&s;e do exalt the fixt Salt, and they reduce the Sowre: Moreover, bitter things, &s;uch as the leaves of Ger|mander, Groundpine, Centaury, the roots of Gentian, <HI>Ari&s;tolochia,</HI> &amp;c. (for the&s;e things are approved by ex|perience in this Di&s;ea&s;e) &s;eem to be proper for this rea&s;on;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> c. de Arthritide.</NOTE> becau&s;e they help concoction, and Chy|lification, and re&s;train the Salino-fixt feculencies, that they be not carried to the Bloud.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Although there be danger in all &s;orts of outward Applications; in Repellers, for fear of a recour&s;e of the Humours to the noble parts; of in|crea&s;e of pain, when they are return'd inwards, and of the concretion of them in the Joints; in Diapho|reticks, le&s;t when the thinner parts are di&s;per&s;ed, the re&s;t of the Humour &s;ettle deeper in the part; of Anodynes, for fear of Relaxation; and of Narco|ticks, for fear of weakning the Parts: Yet Anodynes &s;eem mo&s;t nece&s;&s;ary; becau&s;e Pain, that mo&s;t grie|vous Symptome, weakens, draws the Humours to the Parts affected, cau&s;eth want of &s;leep, re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, a hot intemperature in the Bowels, and a Fever in the Bloud; it dejects the Appetite, &s;poils Concoc|tion, and breeds bad Bloud. Hence ari&s;es an in|crea&s;e of bad Humours, and of the Morbifick Cau&s;e, hence vapours ari&s;e to the Head, and ob&s;tructi|ons in the Bowels, which are &s;ucceeded by various Symptomes, e&s;pecially by a decay of the innate Heat. Now by Anodynes the parts are mollified, and the Humour which lay deep in the Joints, is drawn outwards, whereupon the pains of the Gout, which before were mo&s;t violent, abate, as the part &s;wells. But the greate&s;t caution imaginable, and the advice of a skilfull Phy&s;ician is requi&s;ite, who mu&s;t con&s;ider the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and its Matter: for what things are good in the beginning of the pain and defluxion, are not good in the &s;tate, nor are the &s;ame things proper in the declen&s;ion, or con|clu&s;ion of the Gout; and &s;o, either through un&s;ea|&s;onable u&s;e of Remedies, or variety of Matter, fre|quently that which hath done one Man good, does another Man hurt.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Mo&s;t Phy&s;icians condemn Narcoticks and Stupefiers; becau&s;e &s;afer means are not wanting, whereby the violence of the pain may be a&s;&s;waged: And in their opinion it were better not to &s;top mens roaring, rather than to weaken them with Medicines of that nature. A pretty plau&s;ible pre|tence! As if the patient and his parts were &s;o weak|ned thereby. Narcoticks indeed taken inwardly, if they be not dextrou&s;ly admini&s;tred, are not void of hurt; for, given un&s;ea&s;onably, they cau&s;e a Conge|lation, if I may &s;o &s;ay, and immobility of the &s;pirits, not by cooling, but by fixing, which is the product of a luxuriant Sulphur in remedies of that nature, and upon the immobility of the Animal &s;pirits their influx is &s;topt, and Death with &s;uffocation doth fol|low. But if &s;harp pain do rage, you need fear no &s;uch thing from the outward Application of &s;uch Re|medies; &s;ince it is certain, that one dayes pain wea|kens and hurts the Nerves more, than &s;ix days &s;uch outward Application. But &s;uppo&s;e a little deadne&s;s &s;hould remain, there are a thou&s;and Remedies to take that off; as Baths, Fomentations, Pla&s;ters, Stoves, and other things, which quickly doe it. Be&s;ides a Narcotick mixt with its Antidote becomes harmle&s;s. All Authours almo&s;t in violent Pains of the Gout, make u&s;e of Henbane: Some go as high as <HI>Opium:</HI> If the Spleen be very hard, we apply Hem|lock without any danger; nay, it is applied to the eyes, &s;o near the Brain, with great &s;ucce&s;s. And I, being backt with good &s;ucce&s;s, make no &s;cruple to apply both the &s;aid plants, with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Camphire, Saf|fron, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and Man's Grea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De <HI>Mayerne</HI> de Art<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">iti|de, p. <HI>41.</HI></NOTE> which is a mo&s;t excellent Anodyne in this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> bids men, before Univer&s;als, al|lay the pain by outward Application, which our Age &s;o much dreads before general Evacuation: but this is no new thing with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who knew how dangerous a purge was, if given in the extremity of pain, as appears from 4. <HI>acutor. ver&s;.</HI> 396. He orders the pain in the running Gout and Gout to be mitiga|ted with things actually cold. 1. Becau&s;e they quench the actual heat of the running Gout, and a&s;&s;wage the Acrimony and Fluxibility of the Hu|mour in both Di&s;ea&s;es, and they dull its activity and violence in acting, from which all &s;en&s;e of pain ari&s;es. 2. Coolers, by &s;trengthning the innate heat of the part affected, do better qualifie it for Coction and Expul&s;ion of the Humour. 3. They hinder the generation of a <HI>Callus</HI> in the Joints, which hot things often promote, by evaporating the thin part of the Humour, and baking the thick. I know the Vulgar believe the contrary, who are afraid to u&s;e actual coolers in the Gout, or any pain of the Limbs: But they are deceived;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pro&s;p. Mar|tianus,</HI> Com. in v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r&s;. <HI>37.</HI> Sect. <HI>2.</HI> lib; de Affecti|bus.</NOTE> for although Cold do harden as well as heat, yet the hardne&s;s cau&s;ed by Cold does not in our ca&s;e harden into tophous knots, becau&s;e it &s;till retains its proper moi&s;ture, although congealed by Cold, which at length, by application of heat, di&s;&s;olves, and recovers its for|mer &s;oftne&s;s. But whatever is hardened by heat, it is deprived of its proper moi&s;ture, the heat con&s;u|ming and exhaling it, &s;o that a hardne&s;s is introdu|ced, which is not ea&s;ily removed, &s;uch as the hard|ne&s;s of tho&s;e <HI>Tophi,</HI> which the Joints of Gouty per|&s;ons contract.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. When the Fit is over, it is u&s;ual to ap|ply <HI>Diapalma</HI> Pla&s;ter, which indeed is an innocent thing, but of &s;mall comfort. There are many better things extant, &s;uch as <HI>Empla&s;trum de Hermodactylis, de Mi|nio magi&s;trale,</HI> they call it <HI>Empla&s;trum Sandicis:</HI> Gum <HI>Cu|ranna,</HI> and <HI>Tacamahaca</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Spirit of Wine, are of &s;ingular efficacy, <HI>Empla&s;trum Betonicae,</HI> &amp;c. For they that have undergone an A&s;&s;ault of the Gout, have occa&s;ion for the u&s;e of &s;ome remedy, that by its drying virtue may &s;trengthen the nervous parts, who&s;e tone and native temperament may be pre&s;er|ved by &s;uch things. <HI>Aegineta,</HI> a learned Phy&s;ician, rubs the Joints of Gouty per&s;ons with an Oint|ment of Oil and Salt. It is good when the pains are over, but be&s;t of all to prevent them. There is an Oil made of Winter-Gilliflowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De <HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">yerne</HI> Tract. de Arthr. p. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> which is much bet|tered by addition of the Flowers of Mullein. By the u&s;e of it, a Phy&s;ician belonging to the Duke of <HI>Bul|loin</HI> got &s;uch &s;trength in his Joints, that after he had been 30 years troubled with the Gout, and he had lived as many more, 10 years before his death (he lived above an hundred) he walked as &s;toutly, as if he had never had a Fit of it.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Such Di&s;cutients are requi&s;ite, as may not onely open the Pores, that the <HI>Serum</HI> may evaporate, and the Bloud be made to circulate, as in a <HI>Phlegmon</HI> and <HI>Oedema:</HI> But &s;uch, who&s;e Saline parts de&s;igned to oppo&s;e tho&s;e Saline ones of the Arthritick Mat|ter, may either, by mixing with them, bring them out, or by precipitating them, keep them from tho&s;e painfull Efferve&s;cencies. Wherefore, in this Di|&s;ea&s;e, when Fomentations, or Catapla&s;ms of Cha|maemil, Mallows, Lin&s;eed and Faenugreek, doe little or no good, nay often a great deal of hurt, by re|laxing the Nervous parts; &s;ome Di&s;&s;olutions, or &s;til|latitious Liquors of <HI>Sal</HI> Ammoniack, Sea Salt, Ni|tre, Vitriol, Quick-Lime, and the like, which, in other Swellings, or Pains, always doe hurt, are u&s;u|ally of great benefit. Several &s;uch Liquors to be applied to the part grieved in a Fit of the Gout,
<PB N="28" REF="20"> and which have been tried by experience,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap. de Arthriti|de.</NOTE> are pre|&s;cribed by <HI>Quercetan, Hartman, Crollius</HI> and others.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. He does but expo&s;e him&s;elf, that engages to di&s;&s;olve the Knots in the Gout; for if they are grown hard, it is onely labour lo&s;t, to try any &s;uch thing. But while the Matter is but in Gelly, I &s;hould not think it utterly impo&s;&s;ible, if we could get a Remedy that would reach it, and that bore any proportion to it; Such is <HI>Sal</HI> Ammoniack both natural and artificial, yea, that which is made of Smoak and Urine. But volatile Salt of Urine depu|rated by many Sublimations, exceeds in virtue all other remedies. The Pores of the Part being &s;ufficiently opened by a Bath or Stove, or over the &s;team of a <HI>Lixivium</HI> made of the yellow dro&s;s of <HI>Re|gulus</HI> of Antimony (who&s;e Sulphur draws mo&s;t pow|erfully, nor is it le&s;s potent in its di&s;&s;olving virtue.) Take Salt of Urine, mix it with the be&s;t Spirit of Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de May|erne, <HI>Tract. de Arthriti|de, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 47.</NOTE> of this mixture make a Fomentation. Oil of Ar&s;enick dige&s;ts and draws outward, nor is there for this purpo&s;e a Remedy to be compared with it, if a little of it be mixt with May Butter, or &s;ome other Fat, anoint the Part gently. Sometime &s;uch &s;wel|lings are di&s;per&s;ed by the &s;weating out of a cer|tain vi&s;cid matter, like Fat; and Bli&s;ters often ari&s;e weeping watry drops, not unlike Eggs when they are ro&s;ting. The main point in the u&s;e of this Re|medy, is not to make too much ha&s;te; for often the effect &s;hows not it &s;elf, till the twelfth, or fifteenth day, or longer.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. There are great Phy&s;icians, who &s;ingularly commend Cabbage, and advi&s;e tho&s;e that are &s;ick of the Gout, while their Pain is upon them, onely to eat Cab|bage. This indeed is certain, that Food, the le&s;s nou|ri&s;hment it affords, the whol&s;omer it is: Therefore they that are troubled with the Gout, mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Hens and Capons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> which breed much nouri&s;h|ment and bloud.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A Man &s;hould, without doubt, ab&s;tain from Wine, and all things that &s;upply &s;uch a Tartar and &s;harp humours; For when I was once troubled with the Gout, and had read &s;everal Authours upon that &s;ubject,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 1. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> I ob&s;erved they all agreed in this, that all hope depends more on a good Diet, than on Medicines.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Let the Gouty per&s;on take a turn at lea&s;t in his Chamber, although &s;tirring want not pain: for heat of the Part, and attenuation and re&s;olution of the matter follows Motion. So exer|ci&s;e will be good for prevention, but it mu&s;t be mo|derate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Forti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>Con|&s;ul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 73. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> For, <HI>Paul, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 75. &s;aith, that abating of ones Diet, and as much exerci&s;e as is &s;ufficient, pre|vents the Gout.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Fir&s;t of all Bloud-letting, what great things &s;oever it promi&s;e, either in evacuating the humours, that &s;tand ready and upon the point to de&s;cend; or tho&s;e that are already got into the Joints; yet it is manife&s;tly repugnant to that Indi|cation, that the antecedent cau&s;e, which is Indige|&s;tion, ari&s;ing from depravation or defect of &s;pirits (whom taking away of bloud farther dimini&s;hes and oppre&s;&s;es) doth challenge. Bloud-letting there|fore may not be u&s;ed, either to prevent the Fit, that is feared, or to mitigate it, when come upon a man, that is, in the elderly &s;ort. For though the bloud that is taken away, be like theirs that are &s;ick of a Pleuri&s;ie, or Rheumati&s;m, for the mo&s;t part; yet it is ob&s;erved, that Bloud-letting does harm as re|markably in this ca&s;e, as it does good in tho&s;e other two. For if bloud be taken away in the Intermi&s;|&s;ion, though never &s;o long after the Fit, there is danger, le&s;t a new one &s;hould come on by the agi|tation of the Bloud and Humours, that may prove longer than the former, and be attended with more enormous &s;ymptomes, the &s;trength and vigour of the bloud, by help whereof it might &s;toutly ca&s;t off the matter of the Di&s;ea&s;e, being thereby abated: And this Inconvenience befalls a Man, if he let Bloud in the beginning of a Fit. If a Vein be opened pre&s;ent|ly after the Fit, there is great danger, le&s;t nature, while the bloud is yet languid, and has not recover|ed its &s;trength wa&s;ted by the Di&s;ea&s;e, be &s;o weakened and &s;ink by this wound un&s;ea&s;onably inflicted,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> de P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">gra, p. <HI>33.</HI></NOTE> that way be made for a Drop&s;ie. Neverthele&s;s, if the Patient be young, and heated with hard drinking, Bloud may be taken away in the beginning of the Fit: but if he u&s;e con&s;tant Bloud-letting in the following Fit, the Gout will grow inveterate, even in a young Man, and will increa&s;e its Empire, or rather its Tyranny farther in a few years, than otherwi&s;e it could have done in a great many.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Then as to Purging, whether upwards or downwards, we mu&s;t take notice, that &s;ince it is the inviolable law of Nature, interwoven and joyned with the very e&s;&s;ence of this Di&s;ea&s;e, that the mat|ter of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould always be ca&s;t upon the Joints; all that Emetick or Cathartick Remedies can doe, will be onely to recall the Peccant Matter, Nature had thru&s;t out to the extremities of the body, into the Ma&s;s of Bloud, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that what ought to have been thrown upon the Joints, falls perhaps on &s;ome of the Inwards, and &s;o he who was in no danger, is like to lo&s;e his life. Which is frequently ob&s;erved fatal to them, that accu&s;tom them&s;elves to Purging Medicines, either to prevent the Gout, or (which is wor&s;e) to ea&s;e the Paroxy&s;m. For when Nature is put out of her own way, where|by as the be&s;t and mo&s;t &s;ecure, &s;he &s;ends the Morbi|fick Matter to the Limbs, while the Humours are invited inwards to the Inte&s;tines, Patients, in&s;tead of pains in the Joints, of which they have either none, or but a very little, are almo&s;t killed with &s;ickne&s;s at the Stomach, Griping in the Guts, Fainting, and a long train of anomalous Symptomes. Indeed, I am fully per&s;waded, being &s;o convinced by con&s;tant and often repeated experience, that all Purging, as well by Lenitives, as by &s;tronger Medicines, &s;uch as are u&s;ually de&s;igned to purge the Joints, is exceed|ing hurtfull; whether we Purge in the Paroxy&s;m, to dimini&s;h the peccant matter, or in the end to di&s;|&s;ipate the relicks of the Di&s;ea&s;e; or in a perfect in|termi&s;&s;ion and good health to prevent the coming of a Fit. For I have experienced it both in my &s;elf and others, that a Purge given at any of the&s;e times, is &s;o far from an&s;wering our ends, that it brings the very mi&s;chief upon us, which it &s;hould keep off. For fir&s;t, a Purge given while the Fit rages, inter|rupting Nature as &s;he is bu&s;ie in &s;eparating the mor|bifick matter, and di&s;charging it upon the Joints, hath &s;ometimes rai&s;ed a great di&s;order in the &s;pirits, whereupon the Fit not onely grew &s;tronger, but the Patient was brought into manife&s;t hazard of his life. Again, Catharticks u&s;ed in the end of a Paroxy&s;m, when they &s;hould have carried off the relicks of the Di&s;ea&s;e, onely did this, they brought a new Fit, as &s;evere as the former; and &s;o the Patient flattering him&s;elf with vain hopes, brings upon him&s;elf tho&s;e evils, which he had never &s;uffered, had he not again put the humours on a fret. Which Inconvenience I my &s;elf have found, prepo&s;terou&s;ly imploring Phy&s;ick Art's aid, to throw off; as I thought, the relicks of my Di&s;ea&s;e. La&s;t of all, as to Purging repeated at certain Intervals, and in perfect health, that we may obviate the Paroxy&s;m, and &s;top its en|trance; although, it mu&s;t be confe&s;&s;ed, there is not &s;o pre&s;ent danger of inviting a new Fit, as was in the former ca&s;e, when the Patient was not quite out of Gun&s;hot; yet at this time al&s;o it breeds a Paroxy&s;m, and that for the cau&s;es above-mentioned; with which mi&s;chief, if it do not pre&s;ently puni&s;h the Patient, yet it does not at all free him from his Di&s;ea&s;e, how con&s;tantly &s;oever, and at due Intervals, he take this or that Cathartick. Nay, I have known &s;ome &s;ub|ject to this Di&s;ea&s;e, who paid their devotions to <HI>Health</HI> by a Purge, not onely Spring and Fall, but once a Month, yea, and &s;ometimes every week, yet not one of them e&s;caped the Gout: which after|wards, for the mo&s;t part, handled them more cruel|ly, than if they had ab&s;tained from all Phy&s;ick. For
<PB N="29" REF="20"> though the &s;aid Purging may carry off &s;ome part of the Continent Cau&s;e; yet &s;ince it conduces not one jot to &s;trengthen concoction (from which it is &s;o far, that it weakens it, de&s;troying nature by a fre&s;h wound) it is onely oppo&s;ed to one Cau&s;e, and has not virtue &s;ufficient for the Cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e. Be|&s;ides, we mu&s;t note, that through the &s;ame defect of &s;pirits, whereby coctions are vitiated in people &s;ub|ject to the Gout, the con&s;i&s;tence of their Animal &s;pi|rits is rendred le&s;s firm and lively, whereupon it is pre&s;ently &s;cattered and di&s;turbed by any cau&s;e which does a little more violently &s;hake and di&s;turb either mind or body, and therefore is very fleeting and di&s;|&s;ipable, as it often happens to them that are either hypochondriack, or hy&s;terick. From which propen|&s;ity of &s;pirits to di&s;order it is, that the Gout com|monly follows any the lea&s;t evacuation. For when the tone of the body is de&s;troyed, which the firmne&s;s of &s;pirits, while they remain in their vigour, pre|&s;erves well compact and lively, the peccant matter, as having broken all bounds, is at its liberty, and upon this wound's being inflicted on the body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>35.</HI></NOTE> a Paroxy&s;m pre&s;ently ari&s;es.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. But this method, as pernicious and hurt|full as it is, has got &s;ome Empiricks no &s;mall credit, who all of them craftily conceal the Purging Me|dicine which they make u&s;e of. For it mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, that the Patient, while he is in his Purging cour&s;e, has little or no pain; and if the Cour&s;e can be carried on for &s;ome days, and no fre&s;h Paroxy&s;m &s;upervene, the Patient will be quickly well of that wherewith he is at pre&s;ent held: But then he mu&s;t pay &s;everely for it afterwards, by rea&s;on of the di&s;|order, into which the &s;aid di&s;turbance of the Hu|mours hath precipitated nature.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Then, evacuation of the peccant matter by &s;weats, though it doe le&s;s hurt than the fore&s;aid evacuations, yet it is clear that it does harm. For though it do not retract the matter of the Di&s;ea&s;e into the bowels, but on the contrary, force it into the habit of the body, yet however it does harm upon the&s;e accounts: Fir&s;t indeed, becau&s;e out of the Fit it forcibly thru&s;ts out the Humours that are yet crude, and not &s;o ripe as that they ought by right to be &s;eparated into the limbs, and &s;o &s;oli|cite a Fit before the time, and even again&s;t Nature's mind. Then becau&s;e in the Fit provoking of &s;weat doth force too violently the morbifick matter upon the part affected, and be&s;ides cau&s;es intolerable pain; and if the quantity of peccant matter be lar|ger than that the part affected can admit it, it pre|&s;ently throws it on other Joints, whereupon there is a commotion and a great ebullition, or exe&s;tua|tion of Bloud and other Humours; But if the bo|dy abound with a &s;erous floud that is apt to breed the Gout, there is fear of falling into an Apoplexy. Wherefore, in this Di&s;ea&s;e, like as in all other in which &s;weats are rai&s;ed by Art to ca&s;t out the mor|bifick matter, and do not flow by the duct of Nature, it is exceeding dangerous to rai&s;e them &s;o violent|ly, or beyond that degree of Coction, to which Hu|mours to be evacuated of them&s;elves are arrived. And that mo&s;t famous Aphori&s;m of <HI>Hippocrates, Con|cocted, not crude things, mu&s;t be Purged;</HI> has place as well in provoking Sweats, as in giving a Purge. Which is clearly evident from the Sweat that concludes the Fit of an Ague; which, if it be moderate, and an|&s;wering exactly to the quantity of febrile matter, concocted by the preceding Fit, does remarkably relieve the Patient; But if Sweat be promoted be|yond Nature's mea&s;ure, by keeping the Patient con|tinually in bed, then a continual Fever ari&s;es, and a fre&s;h fire is kindled, whereas what was burning be|fore, ought to have been put out. By the &s;ame rea&s;on al&s;o in the Gout, that gentle dew, which, for the mo&s;t part ari&s;es in the morning of its own accord, after every le&s;&s;er Paroxy&s;m (&s;everal of which make one great one) mitigates both the pain and re&s;tle&s;|ne&s;s, wherewith the Patient contended all night; but on the contrary, if this gentle dew, that is fleet|ing of its own nature, be provoked longer, and more violently, than the proportion of peccant matter al|ready concocted by the la&s;t paroxy&s;m, will bear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p <HI>4<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> the Di&s;ea&s;e is thereby enraged. Therefore in this, as well as in all other Di&s;ea&s;es, which I have had the hap ever yet to &s;ee, the Plague onely excepted, it is not &s;o much the Phy&s;ician's, as Nature's Province, to rai&s;e Sweats: becau&s;e it is no way po&s;&s;ible for us to know, how great a &s;hare of this &s;ame matter is already prepared to undergoe &s;eparation, nor by con&s;equence, what mea&s;ure we ought to ob&s;erve in provoking Sweat.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Whatever things therefore help Na|ture, in performing her Offices aright, where by &s;trengthening the Stomach, that it may concoct food aright; or the Bloud, that it may duely a&s;&s;imilate the Chyle carried into it, or by corroborating the &s;olid parts, that they may better convert the Juices de&s;igned for their nutrition and augmentation, into their proper &s;ub&s;tance; Finally, whatever things pre&s;erve the divers organs of Excretion and Emunc|tories of the body in that &s;tate, as they may be able to void the Recrements of each part in their due time and order; the&s;e, and all &s;uch things, are good to fulfill this intention, and are properly called Di|ge&s;tives, whether they be Medicines, or Diet, or Ex|erci&s;e, or any of the <HI>&s;ex res non naturales.</HI> Such Me|dicines are all in general as heat moderately, and are either bitter, or gently pierce the tongue, as being things that are gratefull to the Stomach, cure the Bloud, and cheri&s;h and comfort ot<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">er parts; &s;uch are for example Angelico and Elecampane Roots, Leaves of Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centaury, Germander, Groundpine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Al&s;o common Anti&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">orbuticks may be added, as Hor&s;e-rhadi&s;h root, leaves of garden Scur|vigra&s;s, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But &s;ince the&s;e &s;harp and pungent herbs, how gratefull &s;oever to the Stomach, and conducing to it, in helping Dige&s;tion; do notwith|&s;tanding enrage the matter that hath been a long time bred, and encrea&s;e it, they mu&s;t be u&s;ed very &s;paringly, in compari&s;on of tho&s;e, that by their gen|tle heat and bitterne&s;s &s;trengthen the Stomach, and render the ma&s;s of bloud more brisk and lively. Several &s;orts of the&s;e curiou&s;ly mixt, do better concoct the Humours, than any &s;imple taken out of any one Tribe of them. For although, when we have occa&s;ion for the virtue of any Specifick Medi|cine, the rule hold good, The more &s;imple the bet|ter; yet when we propo&s;e to our &s;elves, to cure our Patient by an&s;wering this or that Indication, every &s;everal Ingredient contributes its &s;hare to the cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e: And in this ca&s;e, the greater the number of Simples is, &s;o much the more powerfully the Medicine will operate. Therefore, out of the Medicines mentioned, and tho&s;e of the &s;ame nature, &s;everal <HI>Recipe's</HI> tending to this end may be made. I prefer the form of an Electuary in the manner of <HI>Theriaca Andromachi,</HI> before all others, as excelling in virtue; becau&s;e the mutual confermentation of all the Simples increa&s;es their virtue, producing as it were &s;ome third thing, which, in equal quantity, is of more virtue in them conjoyned, than in any one of them. And for the &s;ake of young Phy&s;icians, I di&s;|cover the Remedy I my &s;elf make u&s;e of, which is compounded after this manner. <HI>Take of the roots of Angelico,</HI> Calamus Aromaticus, <HI>Ma&s;terwort, Elecampane, Leaves of common Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centaury, white Horehound, Germander, Groundpine,</HI> Scordium, <HI>common Calamint, Feaver|few, Meadow Saxifrage,</HI> St. John's <HI>Wort, Golden Rod, Mother of Time, Mint, Sage, Rue,</HI> Carduus Benedictus, <HI>Southern|wood, Flowers of Chamaemil, Tan&s;ie, Lily Conval, Engli&s;h Saffron, Seeds of Treacle-Mu&s;tard, Garden Scurvigra&s;s, Caroway, Ber|ries of Juniper, of each a &s;ufficient quantity. Let all the Herbs, Flowers and Roots be gathered at tho&s;e &s;ea&s;ons, when they have the mo&s;t virtue. Let them be dried and kept in Paper Bags, till they be fit to Powder. Let</HI> 4 <HI>ounces of each be well mixt, and made up with a Syrup of Canary Wine and Sugar, into the form of an Electuary of a due con&s;i&s;tence.</HI> Let him take 2
<PB N="30" REF="21"> drachms morning and evening. Or in defect of this, let him u&s;e this following, <HI>Take of Con&s;erve of Garden Scurvigra&s;s</HI> 1 <HI>ounce and an half, of Roman Wormwood and y<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llow rind of Oranges each</HI> 1 <HI>ounce; of Candied Angelico, pre|&s;erved Nutmeg, each half an ounce;</HI> Theriaca Androma|chi 3 <HI>drachms;</HI> Pulv. Ari. Comp. 2 <HI>drachms, with a &s;uf|ficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges; make an Electuary.</HI> Let him take 2 drachms twice a day, drinking 5 or 6 &s;poonfulls of the following Scurvigra&s;s Water up|on it. <HI>Take of Root of Hor&s;e-Rhadi&s;h &s;liced</HI> 3 <HI>ounces, Gar|den Scurvigra&s;s</HI> 12 <HI>handfulls, Water Cre&s;&s;es, Brooklime, Sage, Mint, each</HI> 3 <HI>handfulls; Orange Pills,</HI> No. vj. <HI>Nutmegs brui&s;|ed</HI> No ij. Brun&s;wick <HI>Mum</HI> 12 <HI>pounds, di&s;till them in the com|mon Organs, till onely</HI> 8 <HI>pounds of Water be drawn off for u&s;e.</HI> Of all Medicines commonly known, which help con|coction, <HI>Theriaca Andromachi</HI> is the be&s;t; but becau&s;e it is made up of very hot Simples, and be&s;ides abounds with <HI>Opium,</HI> the above&s;aid Electuary may more con|veniently be made of the chief heaters and &s;trength|ners, with Sugar di&s;&s;olved in Wine, which will be more gratefull to the Stomach than Honey is. We mu&s;t take care in the mean time, that tho&s;e Sim|ples be made u&s;e of, that are more gratefull to the Patient's palate; for, &s;eeing they mu&s;t u&s;e it a long time, <HI>i. e.</HI> almo&s;t as long as they live, it is very con|venient,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>49.</HI></NOTE> that it be not ingratefull to the Palate.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. This mu&s;t be ob&s;erved above all, namely, that all Dige&s;tive Remedies whatever, whether they con&s;i&s;t in Medicine, or Diet, or Exerci&s;e, mu&s;t not be u&s;ed by the bye, but con&s;tantly and daily with all di|ligence. For &s;ince in this Di&s;ea&s;e, as al&s;o in mo&s;t Chronical ones, its cau&s;e is pa&s;&s;ed into an habit, and as it were a new nature; no wi&s;e Man can think that any light and momentany alteration, brought upon the Bloud and Humours, by any kind of either Medicine or Diet, can attain the &s;cope of Cure; but the whole habit of the body mu&s;t be turned another way, and the whole Man mu&s;t as it were be new forged again upon the Anvil. For neither is the ca&s;e here, as in &s;ome acute di&s;temper, when he that was as well as heart can wi&s;h but even now, is on a &s;udden taken with a Fever, and &s;inks down, as if a Bridge broke under him, from a very good &s;tate of health, into a mo&s;t dangerous di&s;ea&s;e. The &s;tate of the Gout is far otherwi&s;e: When a Man, by leading an intemperate life for many years one af|ter another, omitting his accu&s;tomed exerci&s;e, con|&s;uming in &s;loth and idlene&s;s, or by too much &s;tudy and unremitted intention of mind, and other errors of life, hath endeavoured, as it were on purpo&s;e, that the various ferments of the Body &s;hould be pervert|ed, and the Animal &s;pirits (which are the primary In&s;truments of Concoction) are oppre&s;&s;ed, where|upon the preternatural Humours that are gathered, do at length break out, and give an overthrow, when they are exalted to the highe&s;t degree, and when the fle&s;h is made &s;oft, and the joints effeminate, they more readily receive the Humours falling up|on them: And &s;o at length another Nature, as it were; is by degrees &s;uperinduced, the pri&s;tine and natural oeconomy of the body being utterly over|turned and de&s;troyed: For the&s;e Paroxy&s;ms, which, in a manner, wholly take up the thoughts of the in|con&s;iderate and le&s;s knowing &s;ort, are nothing el&s;e but a <HI>&s;eries</HI> and order of Symptomes dependent on that method which Nature commonly u&s;es in expel|ling the matter, which is the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, outwards. Wherefore, he lo&s;es his labour, whoe|ver goes about to &s;tave off this di&s;ea&s;e, by u&s;ing this or that Medicine, or Regiment likewi&s;e, onely now and then. But &s;ince this Habit is founded, and con&s;i&s;ts chiefly in the &s;poiling of all the Dige&s;tions, and in the lo&s;s of natural firmne&s;s in particular parts, we mu&s;t obviate both evils, and as well the &s;trength of Concoction, as the firmne&s;s of parts, mu&s;t be re|duced and re&s;tored by degrees, that is, according to the Model of the pri&s;tine and accu&s;tomed oecono|my of the body. And however impo&s;&s;ible this may &s;eem to be done fully and perfectly, not onely be|cau&s;e every Habit is with great difficulty changed into its contrary, but becau&s;e old Age, which com|monly is companion and partner to this di&s;ea&s;e, doth violently oppo&s;e, yet, as far as &s;trength and years will allow, the Cure mu&s;t be attempted, and as the Patient is younger or elder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>67.</HI></NOTE> &s;o he will more or le&s;s e&s;cape the Tyranny of the Gout.</P>
<P N="40">XL. A Milk diet, either of raw Milk, or boiled, taking nothing el&s;e, unle&s;s a little Bread in it once a day, has been in vogue for 20 years la&s;t pa&s;t. This did &s;everal good, beyond all other Medicines for this di&s;ea&s;e, &s;o long as they exactly ob&s;erved it; but as &s;oon as ever he returned to the diet of the Healthy, were it never &s;o mild and gentle, who had u&s;ed him|&s;elf to this, the Gout pre&s;ently returning, handled the Patient far wor&s;e than before: for the Principles of Nature being by this cour&s;e weakned, the Patient is rendred more unable to keep off the di&s;ea&s;e, and therefore afflicts him more dangerou&s;ly and tediou&s;|ly. He therefore that thinks of taking this cour&s;e, mu&s;t fir&s;t of all &s;eriou&s;ly con&s;ider with him&s;elf, whe|ther he be able to per&s;i&s;t in it all his life; which yet perchance he will not be able to doe, be he ne|ver &s;o re&s;olved: For I know a Nobleman, who, after he had lived a whole year on Milk alone, not onely without offence, but with a great deal of plea&s;ure; all which time he went to &s;tool once a day or oftner; growing co&s;tive on a &s;udden, and the temper of his body being changed, but the re&s;olution of his mind &s;till continuing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>75.</HI></NOTE> and his Stomach at length loathing Milk, was forced to give over.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. An admirable Electuary for all Gout Pains, which I have often u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s. I declare it ea&s;es them pre&s;ently without trouble, it cools the fiery heat, and &s;o qualifies the Part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;. Ba|ricellus, <HI>hort. Gen. p.</HI> 90.</NOTE> that I have &s;een &s;ome &s;ick of the Gout recover the &s;ame day they took this Phy&s;ick. It is made thus; Take of white Her|modactyls clean&s;ed from their upper coat, <HI>Diagridi|um</HI> each 3 drachms, <HI>Co&s;tus,</HI> Cummin-&s;eed, Ginger, Cloves, each 1 drachm. Let them be powdered, and with &s;ome proper Syrup, or with Honey and White|wine boil'd together; make an Electuary. The do&s;e is from 3 drachms to 4.</P>
<P N="2">2. Take of Germander, Groundpine, le&s;&s;er Cen|taury, <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> Sage, Betony, each 1 ounce, of the be&s;t ripe Guaiacum 8 ounces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 100.</NOTE> Make a Pow|der. By this one Remedy the Gout may be per|fectly cured, except a Man will lead <HI>Sardanapalus</HI> his life. The do&s;e is 1 drachm in the morning for &s;eve|ral weeks.</P>
<P N="3">3. This is reckoned excellent for prevention;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca. <HI>Tom.</HI> 2. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 59.</NOTE> Take of pure Spring-Water 10 pounds, the Wood of Ma&s;tick-Tree cut very &s;mall 3 ounces. Let them boil an hour, drink of this Water at Dinner and Supper: For it &s;trengthens the Stomach, helps Dige&s;tion, and prevents Defluxions. This was given me as a &s;ecret by a very skilfull Phy&s;ician.</P>
<P N="4">4. In a hot cau&s;e I think nothing is better,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Spigelius</HI> de A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">thritide, p. <HI>84.</HI></NOTE> if I may conclude from my Experience, than the Powder of Wild Cichory Leaves dried in the &s;hade, and gather|ed in <HI>May.</HI> A drachm or 2 &s;cruples may be given in a little Chicken Broth, without Salt, in the morning 4 hours before dinner, and in the evening as he goes to &s;leep, either with a &s;pare Supper, or with none at all.</P>
<P>&rindx; The outward Medicines are either indicated before, or may be &s;ufficiently compen&s;ated by this &s;ingle one de&s;cribed in the following Di&s;cour&s;e, which &s;eems of more moment in the Cure of the Gout, than all that our great Phy&s;icians have reli|ed on, whether inward or outward, put toge|ther.</P>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="text">
<PB N="31" REF="21">
<HEAD>The SUM of <HI>WILLIAM TEN RHYNE'S</HI> M. D. <HI>Treati&s;e</HI> of the <HI>Gout.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="part">
<HEAD>PART. I. The <HI>Aitiology.</HI></HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ten Rhyn. <HI>de Arthrit. p.</HI> 94.</NOTE>ALthough it be be&s;ides our De&s;ign to meddle with <HI>Theory;</HI> yet I have two Rea&s;ons not to omit this of the Gout. 1. It's extraordinary Novelty &s;hall I &s;ay, or, Antiquity? New I mu&s;t call it, becau&s;e lately tran&s;mitted to us from the <HI>Ea&s;t Indies;</HI> but it mu&s;t be really Ancient; For it makes up one half of a <HI>Japan</HI> Doctour, as the Needle makes the other; and they derived this moiety of their skill from Ingeni|ous <HI>China,</HI> where perhaps its date may be &s;o old, that the elde&s;t Chronicle in <HI>Europe</HI> cannot Synchronize. But certain I am, it is as Ancient as our Father <HI>Hip|pocrates,</HI> as the I&s;&s;ue will prove. 2. Its extreme Ne|ce&s;&s;ity: For the rea&s;on why the Gout has been hi|therto incurable by us <HI>Europaeans,</HI> is the Ignorance of its true Cau&s;e (as <HI>Pro&s;per Martianus</HI> in his fir&s;t Section frankly acknowledges.) Wherefore, to doe the Learned <HI>Graecian,</HI> and the Ingenious <HI>Barbarian</HI> both right, and my Countrymen good, I thought it a pi|ty to let the <HI>Moxa</HI> go without its Rea&s;on, le&s;t it &s;hould lie undi&s;cerned under a multitude of Pla|&s;ters and Pulte&s;&s;es good for the Gout, and for want of good Credentials it &s;hould not reflect the honour due to its Authours, nor afford the tortured man that ea&s;e, which it is able to procure.</P>
<P>To avoid therefore any farther Preamble, and not to meddle with Etymologies, we thus de&s;cribe the Gout. <HI>The Gout is a preternatural, little, and for the mo&s;t part invi&s;ible, and inwardly latent Tumour of the</HI> Perio&s;te|um, <HI>ari&s;ing from a dry and malignant Vapour, which, by the con|tractive motion of the Heart, is forced with the Bloud through the Arteries to the Limbs, and to the Joints thereof e&s;pecially, and violently &s;eparates the</HI> Perio&s;teum <HI>from the Bone; into which Inter&s;tice this Vapour being once forced, doth &s;tick there mo&s;t tenaciou&s;ly, and di&s;tend the &s;aid Membrane of a mo&s;t ten|der &s;en&s;e, and &s;o is the cau&s;e of that &s;harp Pain, and &s;ometime hinders the Member it &s;elf in its motion.</HI></P>
<P>I call it <HI>an inwardly latent Tumour,</HI> to di&s;tingui&s;h it from other flatulent Tumors; for whereas the&s;e lie be|tween the fle&s;h and skin, or inter&s;tices of the Mu&s;|cles, the other lies hid under the thin film, that co|vers the Bones.</P>
<P>I call it <HI>an invi&s;ible Tumour;</HI> not that I am ignorant how in this Di&s;ea&s;e there are Swellings con&s;picu|ous enough; but le&s;t I &s;hould &s;tumble upon the &s;ame Stone, at which &s;o many eminent Doctours for &s;eve|ral Ages have tript. For difference &s;hould be made between a Di&s;ea&s;e and its &s;ymptomes, between that Swelling that is peculiar to the Gout (which though a &s;mall one, yet is the onely cau&s;e of Pain) and that Swelling, that is &s;ub&s;equent to the Pain of the Part: For at the beginning, the&s;e Pains are without any Swelling; though afterwards about the State of the Di&s;ea&s;e the Part affected often &s;wells.</P>
<P>The Practice of the Ancients might afford con&s;i+derable Arguments for this latent Tumour, as their cutting and burning; <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de morb.</HI> &s;peak|ing of the Cure of the Pleuri&s;ie, &s;aith, <HI>If he do not &s;pit, and it give &s;ome &s;igns of it on the &s;ide, cut or burn him.</HI> But the mo&s;t cogent may be drawn from the <HI>Panacea</HI> of <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan, i. e.</HI> Burning by <HI>Moxa,</HI> and from Acu|puncture in <HI>Japan,</HI> which puts it out of all doubt, that mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e from a noxious Vapour, the cau&s;e of &s;ome invi&s;ible Tumour.</P>
<P>And that a Vapour is the Cau&s;e, I have <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his authority for it, <HI>lib. de Flatibus.</HI> Who &s;aith, <HI>That we live of Meat, Drink and Air;</HI> and then he &s;hews, <HI>how the Air e&s;pecially is Authour both of Life and Death to all Animals.</HI> He &s;aith, <HI>That this Air or Spirit which in our Bodies we call a Vapour, is the &s;ole cau&s;e of all Di&s;ea&s;es.</HI> He in&s;tances in Fevers, Griping of the Guts, Defluxi|ons, Drop&s;ies, Apoplexies, Epilep&s;ies, and concludes; <HI>that it holds true in all other Di&s;ea&s;es; but that it would be te|dious to particularize them all.</HI> When he comes to De|fluxions (under which the Gout has been ever rank|ed) he hath the&s;e words; <HI>The Spirit is involved in the Bloud near the narrow Veins, and the thinne&s;t part</HI> (which I judge is the Vapour that cau&s;es the Gout) <HI>is thru&s;t out by the Veins</HI> (which, with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> is a general name, both for them and Arteries) <HI>when a great quan|tity of this Moi&s;ture is gathered, it runs by other pa&s;&s;ages, and when it &s;tops in any part of the Body, there a Di&s;ea&s;e is con|tracted.</HI></P>
<P>I therefore conclude with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> that the Gout ari&s;es from filthy di&s;ea&s;ed &s;teams, or from a flatu|ous Vento&s;ity, upon which, if any Humour follows, it was the Vapour that made way for it.</P>
<P>And not onely <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> but more modern Phy|&s;icians, have held, That the Gout comes from Wind. <HI>Guainerius,</HI> and <HI>Matthaeus de Gradibus</HI> were of that opinion. Al&s;o <HI>Guido de Cauliaco,</HI> a &s;tout Voucher of the 4 Humours, tells how <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e read in the <HI>Pope's Canons,</HI> that the Gout aro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e from Vapours. That Royal <HI>French</HI> Surgeon <HI>Paraeus,</HI> was of the &s;ame judg|ment. Several eminent Phy&s;icians hold Vapours the cau&s;e of the Tooth-ach, Ba&s;tard-Pleuri&s;ie, Co|lick, Epilep&s;ie, and of Fits in Women, &s;o that they are called Vapours in Engli&s;h. And I que&s;tion not, but many Di&s;ea&s;es differing onely in Name and Place, are of the very &s;ame nature with the Gout, e&s;pecially all tho&s;e into which the Gout and they mutually degenerate.</P>
<P>Furthermore, the <HI>China</HI> Phy&s;icians &s;ay, Our Bo|dies are governed by 3 things, <HI>i. e.</HI> by the innate Heat, the radical Moi&s;ture and Spirits, which they hold to be the Vehicle of the Heat, and the Lungs (from which they begin the Circulation of the Bloud) to he the Elaboratory of the Spirits. Upon the tem|per or di&s;temper, exce&s;s or defect, conjunction or &s;eparation, good or bad con&s;titution of the&s;e 3 things, they reckon life and death do depend: And they wholly a&s;cribe the Gout to noxious Spirits or Va|pours.</P>
<P>The&s;e Vapours are as different, as the &s;everal Parts and Humours in the Body, that cau&s;e them. Their material cau<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">es are fir&s;t Meat and Drink, thence come various Humours, from each of which a diffe|rent Vapour ari&s;eth. Their efficient cau&s;es are chiefly the Stomach, which, as it is &s;trong or weak, hot or cold, full or empty, breeds a different Vapour; and then all parts of the Body, where there is any concoction, fermentation, ebullition, or efferve&s;cen|cy of Humours, may breed different Vapours. Ad|mini&s;tring cau&s;es are all the &s;ix nonnatural things. He that would be better &s;atisfied, let him reade <HI>Fie|nus de Flatibus.</HI></P>
<P>That it is a malignant Vapour, the Vehemence and intollerablene&s;s of the pain do prove. Nor do &s;everal Authours deny it, e&s;pecially <HI>Galen,</HI> who a&s;|&s;igns good rea&s;ons for it. Becau&s;e the Gout ne|ver comes to Suppuration. Becau&s;e this Vapour cau&s;eth more inten&s;e pain than any Humours, while they &s;uppurate; Becau&s;e it creates no trouble in any part by which it pa&s;&s;es, except the Joints. B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t, which is of greater moment, the Cure proves it: for whil&s;t in the Gout men are burnt with <HI>Moxa,</HI> &s;ometimes Wind hi&s;&s;eth out of t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Burn. And if it be kept open like an I&s;&s;ue, an ichorous, filthy, malignant matter weeps out of it, which &s;tinks mo&s;t offen&s;ively.</P>
<PB N="32" REF="22">
<P>All grant th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t the <HI>Peri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;teum</HI> is a very &s;en&s;ible Mem|brane. Now this Vapour doth not torment it on the out &s;ide, but it in&s;inuates it &s;elf between the Bone and it, and &s;o parting the delicate and extreme &s;en&s;ible Membrane from its Bone; and, di&s;tending it, cau&s;es a raging pain. And the Tumour lying &s;o deep, no wonder it cannot break pri&s;on, till way be made by a red hot Iron, or by the milder Burning of downy <HI>Moxa.</HI></P>
<P>This Vapour, the cau&s;e of Di&s;ea&s;es, extends it &s;elf as far as any <HI>Perio&s;teum</HI> enwraps a Bone. And &s;o the Gout may come under as many denominations as it hath Parts to afflict. The Learned Languages have Chri&s;tened onely three, the Hand Gout, Gout in the Feet, and the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> for all which <HI>England</HI> can af|ford no more proper name than Gout in general, or what it borrows from other Languages.</P>
<P>As for the antecedent Cau&s;e of the Gout, I can|not impute it to any particular part. But, I think, whatever Part, or Humour therein contained, is apt to breed a Vapour; from that &s;ame part the Va|pour may be carried to the Heart by the Veins, and &s;o from the Heart communicated to the Limbs and Joints by the Arteries. Which is the Rea&s;on that &s;everal are troubled with Fevers, Swoonings, Pal|pitation of the Heart, and infinite other di&s;ea&s;es, when this Vapour is not ca&s;t off to the out-parts; But with &s;ome the Gout is reckoned a good &s;ign of long life. This Circulation of the Vapour is a rea&s;on al&s;o, that the Pains remove from the Feet to the Hands, and from any one part to another. And the Va|pour being ca&s;t off by the Arteries, might be the rea|&s;on why in Vento&s;ities the Ancients approved of Ar|teriotomy beyond Phlebotomy; and does indicate, that the burning with <HI>Moxa</HI> &s;hould be where the Ar|teries beat mo&s;t, which is not duly ob&s;erved by the <HI>Chinois</HI> and <HI>Japanois.</HI> If the Part be &s;o &s;trong as to return the Vapour by the Veins, or if any one be &s;o much an Empirick as to repell it to the Heart, it proves often Tragical. Wherefore I do caution all Practitioners not to u&s;e Repellents by any means.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="part">
<HEAD>PART. II. The <HI>Diagno&s;ticks.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Phy&s;ician can no more direct his Remedies without ob&s;erving the Symptomes of a Di&s;ea&s;e, than the Ma&s;ter of a Ship can &s;teer his de&s;igned Cour&s;e, without ob&s;ervation of the Stars and his Compa&s;s, and a competent knowledge of the Shelves on a dangerous Coa&s;t. Therefore we &s;hould reckon as much of the knowledge of the Symptomes, tho&s;e e&s;pecially called Pathognomick, which live and die with the Di&s;ea&s;e, as we would of the Cure it &s;elf.</P>
<P>Impediment in Motion and Pain are in&s;eparable &s;igns of the Gout, which &s;pring, grow up, come to a pitch, decrea&s;e and vani&s;h with it, &s;ure tokens of an inward latent Pain, that rarely is ob&s;ervable by the eye. With which we rank the Swelling of the Veins, and the violent beating of the Arteries for Signs and Symptomes, always concomitant to the Gout; becau&s;e we find them by experience.</P>
<P>The Pain of the Gout is a piercing, di&s;tending, throbbing, deep, continual and bitter Pain; each of them a certain &s;ign of the <HI>Perio&s;teum's</HI> being af|flicted. It is piercing, becau&s;e a Membrane of a mo&s;t delicate &s;en&s;e is <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">urt; Di&s;tending, becau&s;e the Blower up of the Gout &s;eparates, rai&s;es and &s;tretches it; Throbbing, becau&s;e the Authour of this Di&s;ea&s;e pa&s;&s;es the Arteries, and makes the bloud move in|ordinately, while it is forced into the part affected; it mu&s;t be deep, becau&s;e in the Membrane about the Bone; Continual, becau&s;e the Vapour pours in con|tinually into the pained part, as long as it hath any matter to &s;upply it; And then it mu&s;t be &s;harp, be|cau&s;e, while it abounds in quantity and malignity, the Vapour cruelly and violently mole&s;ts, fills, &s;epa|rates and di&s;tends a membrane of mo&s;t exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e, nay, and &s;ometimes di&s;&s;olves continuity, as the violence of the Pain doth argue.</P>
<P>The other Symptome is Impediment in Motion, of the &s;ame nature and degree with the former; which happens not through any fault in the Member, but onely in the <HI>Perio&s;teum.</HI> And this difficulty of Mo|tion appears and di&s;appears with the Gout.</P>
<P>And the&s;e two in&s;eparable Companions follow the Gout, as a &s;hadow does the Body; the re&s;t that are reckoned up by Authours, are but Accidents of Ac|cidents. So Fainting, Watching, Inflammation, <HI>E|ry&s;ipelas,</HI> and that Swelling from the flux of Humours, are all cau&s;ed by pain.</P>
<P>Now let us a little farther con&s;ider this &s;erous Tumour, becau&s;e mo&s;t Authours taking it for the receptacle of the Arthritick Matter, have made no difference between it and the Gout, and &s;o have made &s;trange Mi&s;takes about the Proximate Cau&s;e of the Gout. Would Men but con&s;ult their Sen&s;es, they might find, that this Swelling does not pre&s;ently begin, nor always end with the Gout. And al|though in &s;ome the Swelling follow the Pain imme|diately, yet whoever narrowly con&s;iders the thing, he will never find the Pain and the Swelling of the &s;ame date. Nay, when the Pain is come, the Swel|ling may be prevented by a skilfull Phy&s;ician, if he go about it &s;oon enough, namely, by di&s;per&s;ing the dolorifick Vapour in time, by &s;ome convenient Means; as by that incomparable way of Cure in <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan,</HI> by burning with <HI>Moxa</HI> (of which in the Cure) I have experienced it hath been done a thou&s;and times. Nor doth the Swelling end with the Di&s;ea&s;e: For as the Swelling ri&s;es when the Pain is &s;harpe&s;t, and the Di&s;ea&s;e at the height, &s;o, when the Pain is over, the Swelling often conti|nues. Therefore it is the inward hidden, not the manife&s;t outward Tumour, which cau&s;eth the Gout; and the outward is onely a Symptome of the inward: For all Writers agree, that Pain cau&s;eth a flux of Humours to whatever part it is in. But it would not be ami&s;s to con&s;ider, why upon the approach of the Humours and Swelling, the Pain generally aba|teth, as in the Gout and Tooth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ach? According to this <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e the fle&s;h, by the afflux of Humours is &s;oftened, and &s;o pre&s;&s;es not &s;o hard on the <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI> as before; and the <HI>Perio|&s;teum</HI> it &s;elf being moi&s;tened with the &s;ame Humours, its Pores are opened as in a Bath, and &s;o way made for the noxious Vapour to depart. Not but that a Conflux of Humours doth &s;ometimes more mi&s;chief than the Gout it &s;elf, by di&s;locating and knotting the part; which are the u&s;ual effects of Empiricks Bathings and Anodynes, but may ea&s;ily be prevented, as hereafter &s;hall be &s;hown in the Cure.</P>
<P>Which being &s;tretched by the included Vapour, is upon the motion of the Joint compre&s;&s;ed, and &s;o the pain encrea&s;ed.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="part">
<HEAD>PART. III. The <HI>Cure.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>HIppocrates</HI> &s;aith, That <HI>the In&s;trument cures what Phy&s;ick cannot; Fire cures what the In&s;trument cannot; and what Fire cannot cure, mu&s;t be reckoned incurable.</HI> Now the Gout hath been held incurable for many Ages. Vic|torious <HI>Charles</HI> V. was conquered by it, and would break out into Expre&s;&s;ions of this nature; <HI>The be&s;t Medicines for the Gout are to Weep, and Suffer;</HI> Therefore he u&s;ed not with <HI>A&s;a,</HI> onely to &s;eek to the Phy&s;ici|ans: but he &s;ought the Lord. But that which hath hitherto rendred the Gout incurable, was the igno|rance of its Cau&s;e and Remedy, which are now hap|pily both di&s;covered. The Cau&s;e we have former|ly di&s;cour&s;ed of, the Cure is <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his la&s;t, and
<PB N="33" REF="22"> Nature's utmo&s;t, Fire. To reckon up all Cau&s;ticks, Potential and Actual, from a Sinapi&s;m to a Burning-Iron, and to &s;hew their u&s;e among Ancient and Mo|dern Phy&s;icians, would be too tedious. I &s;hall there|fore fall upon the relation of a &s;afe Antidote, for this &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;e, and cruel Puni&s;hment of Man|kind.</P>
<P>In my travel, while I lived among the <HI>Dutch</HI> at <HI>Ja|catra</HI> in the <HI>Ea&s;t Indies,</HI> as Phy&s;ician to the Noble <HI>Ea&s;t India</HI> Company, I was acquainted with Mr. <HI>Herman Bu&s;hoff,</HI> Mini&s;ter of God's Word (now dead, and la|mented by all good Men) who was not &s;olicitous for the health of his Brother's Soul onely (which was his proper Function) but for that of his Body al&s;o. He had, after many &s;evere Fits of the Gout, and the trial of &s;everal Remedies, happened upon a true Anti-arthritick, which he freely communicated to me, and gave me his own thoughts, and de&s;ired my opinion of the thing. I, in civility, but with a doubt|full mind, admiring the Paradox, commended the method of Cure, and to &s;ay nothing of its cruelty, I prai&s;ed the benefit of it: He was very urgent with me for my Opinion, therefore I took my Pen, and while I was preparing for a Voyage to <HI>Japan,</HI> I writ my Friend &s;ome Objections, who, being &s;ome|what di&s;abled by his la&s;t Sickne&s;s, an&s;wered them in &s;hort. When I arrived at <HI>Japan,</HI> I found all people marked with deep and large Scars all their body over, and not for a puni&s;hment. Then I examined more accurately by Experience, the things that I had onely rea&s;oned upon with that Reverend Per|&s;on formerly. What I found con&s;onant to Truth, I retain'd, what I found di&s;onant I rejected, and gathered my ob&s;ervations together. It would be tedious to relate all of them; therefore I &s;hall con|fine my Di&s;cour&s;e to the Cure of the Gout u&s;ed a|mong the <HI>Chinois</HI> and <HI>Japanois.</HI></P>
<P>Provident Nature, that is &s;olicitous for the Pre|&s;ervation of Mankind, &s;eems &s;elf-&s;ufficient in all parts of the World; &s;o that Barbarous Nations are no more de&s;titute of a convenient &s;tock of Remedies, than they, who by long Art, difficult Judgment, and dangerous Experiment, have found out infinite Re|medies for Di&s;ea&s;es, whereby Phy&s;icians are rather confounded than informed, and Patients overcharg|ed than relieved. And Nature's goodne&s;s is &s;een in the <HI>Japan</HI> Nation more than in any other; where Health is encountred with 3 Enemies, their Man|ners, their Luxury, and Idlene&s;s. The fir&s;t debili|tating Hurt, which they &s;uffer from their Manners, is in their Clothes, e&s;pecially in Coverings for the Head: For the&s;e people, by a legal Cu&s;tome, gene|rally &s;have the Heads of their Children quite bare: In their youth they let their Hair grow long and thick; but they &s;have it to the very <HI>pericranium,</HI> up|on the Coronary Suture, where it is joyned with the Sagittal, and where the Skull opens the mo&s;t: But when they are come to Man's e&s;tate, they &s;have their Crown round to their Ears, and keep it &s;mooth, and reckon it very gentile (which they u&s;e at twen|ty, and rarely neglect when they are above that) to go abroad with their Crowns &s;haven; upon which &s;hield of their Brains all the Injuries both of a Win|ter and Summer Air do light: Some of them in|deed in a very cold Winter cover their weak Heads with a Silken Periwig.</P>
<P>Furthermore, their decrepit Old Men, they that after the common cu&s;tome of the Country lead a &s;o|litary life, or Monks (of whom here is a va&s;t num|ber) they that profe&s;s Phy&s;ick, and &s;ome Servants to Noblemen, tho&s;e of them e&s;pecially that &s;erve in the Kitchin, or Bedchamber; old Maids and Widows, without any difference of Sex or Age, &s;have their Head to the skin, not leaving one hair. Whereup|on the Brain, the &s;eat and <HI>Metropolis</HI> of cold and vi&s;|cid Humours is filled with them, and they afford Matter for Vapours, which, according to <HI>Hippocra|tes,</HI> are the cau&s;e of all Di&s;ea&s;es. This Vapour run|ning down the Spine affects the Nerves, and &s;o may affect the Membrane of the Bone, which is onely a pro|duct of the Nerves. I have often ob&s;erved, that either through Nece&s;&s;ity (that is, either when they are forced to go before their Magi&s;trates; for they never appear before them un&s;haven; or upon Ho|ly-days, which none but profane per&s;ons keep with long hair) or through finery, they &s;ometime &s;have in the mid&s;t of Winter; upon which a &s;hivering all the body over, Fever, Head-ach, and other mi&s;chiefs have followed. Be&s;ides, they all go barefoot, un|le&s;s in extreme Age, or Winter, and then they co|ver their feet onely to the Ankles. Then their Lux|ury (in which mo&s;t of the <HI>Japanois,</HI> e&s;pecially their Great Men, place their chief good) doth mo&s;t Bea&s;t|like exerci&s;e them too much in Venereal Acts, from the beginning of their Youth to very Old Age, who being thereby debilitated, are liable to Vapours, and &s;o made &s;ubject to many pains. Thus the <HI>Ja|panois,</HI> to whom Nature hath given a &s;trong Body, a temperate Clime and Soil, who never knew the Contagion of a Plague, nor are &s;en&s;ible of the De|va&s;tations of War, the rich of them are con&s;umed by Plea&s;ures, the poor by Famine, and both by their Manners. Hence, I &s;ay, they bring upon them|&s;elves innumerable Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that come from the Head, and &s;uch as trouble the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments and Membranes; They have Epilep&s;ies, Apoplexies, Pal&s;ies, and all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brain and Nerves frequent among them, but nothing more than Blindne&s;s and the Gout. They reckon Blindne&s;s generally incurable, though it a|ri&s;e for the mo&s;t part from Suffu&s;ions, which if they knew how to remove, as well as &s;everal of our Countrymen, they might re&s;tore &s;ight to very ma|ny. As &s;oon as they perceive the &s;igns of Blindne&s;s, they lead a Melancholick life, without hopes of ever recovering their &s;ight, neverthele&s;s giving them&s;elves, as long as they are able, to <HI>Venus</HI> un|mea&s;urably; and to make the matter wor&s;e (which is a double blindne&s;s) they &s;have their whole head. They cure the Gout &s;peedily and ea&s;ily, unle&s;s it be inveterate. They know not the u&s;e of an actual Metallick Cautery, nor of a Lancet, except a very few, who learned it of our Surgeons. Among them&s;elves they have, by the guidance of <HI>China,</HI> adapt|ed a two-fold method of Cure to the fore&s;aid Di|&s;ea&s;es, namely, Acupuncture, and burning with their <HI>Moxa.</HI> Their univer&s;al <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> is Water, where they borrow a Medicine of the Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral Kingdom. And I profe&s;s I have not met with a Di&s;ea&s;e among them, which the unskilfulne&s;s of their Phy&s;icians had not either cau&s;ed or increa&s;|ed. And this concerns not onely the richer &s;ub|jects (for the needy die without comfort) but the Princes of the Empire them&s;elves, who (I &s;peak by experience) out of their hatred to Chri&s;tianity, chu&s;e rather to die than u&s;e our help; although they value the judgment of any one of our Coun|trymen about a Di&s;ea&s;e, if he be onely a Quack, but they difficultly admit of our a&s;&s;i&s;tance. And I think it is God's peculiar Providence, that, as he hath wi&s;ely created all things, he al&s;o defines all by a &s;et number: for I am of opinion, that in a few years, a Nation &s;o fruitfull in Children, would be &s;o numerous, as to eat one another up; but that the prepo&s;terous Cure of their Phy&s;icians, more mortal than their Di&s;ea&s;es, takes off a great number of the Rich, enfeebled with Ea&s;e and Luxury; and that Famine &s;weeps away the greate&s;t part of the Poor, which being contrived by the Tyranny of the Great Men, makes an unju&s;t &s;laughter among the Sub|jects; however gratefull to Men in Power, while Dearth brings an unde&s;erved deva&s;tation upon City and Country.</P>
<P>But kind Dame Nature compa&s;&s;ionating the Cala|mities of this Country, and &s;ympathizing with the Griefs of the People, hath given them the Juice of whol&s;ome<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Great Bota|ni&s;ts &s;ay, <HI>Ambro&s;ia</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> a &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt of <HI>Mugwort.</HI> See <HI>Matthio|lus</HI> on <HI>Dio&s;|coride<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Ambro&s;ia,</HI> and an Odoriferous <HI>Panacea:</HI> And &s;he being an earne&s;t. Pre&s;erver of her &s;elf, affords
<PB N="34" REF="23"> pre&s;ent Remedies for the mo&s;t common Di&s;ea&s;es in great abundance. She hath inriched with this guift of &s;elf-&s;ufficiency, not <HI>Europe</HI> onely, famous for Arts and Sciences, and <HI>Aegypt</HI> for Phy&s;icians, but the whole habitable World, and all the parts of it, though ne|ver &s;o barbarou&s;ly peopled. That was clear in the de&s;art Country of <HI>Japan;</HI> when in the fir&s;t peopling of it, it was po&s;&s;e&s;t onely by &s;ome Runaway <HI>Chinois.</HI> For <HI>Mugwort</HI> &s;eems as if it were planted by Indu&s;try all over the Country of <HI>Japan</HI> (where, notwith|&s;tanding it grows plentifully of its own accord.) And this is their onely refuge in mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es, this is their mo&s;t pretious <HI>Panacea</HI> in all &s;orts of Pain and Swelling; who&s;e u&s;e is well known to every <HI>Japanois;</HI> nor can you find one in that va&s;t Empire, who u&s;es it not. But the <HI>Japanois</HI> are negligent Cultivaters of Gardens, and Herbari&s;m: for they commit the growth of Plants (whereof there is great &s;carcity in &s;ome parts of the Country) to the care and conduct of Nature, and prefer the neglected face of the Plain before the fine and artificial ornament of Gardens. Becau&s;e Ground which has any likelihood of fertili|ty, is pre&s;ently either plowed or dug for the pro|fit of Rice, or Bread-Corn, and the Plants that re|main on the Way-&s;ides, are either cut to feed Hor|&s;es and Cattel; or before the planting of Rice, they are thrown into the Field to rot for dung. Mo&s;t of the other Tracts of Land are either barren Moun|tains, or incultivated Woods. They &s;eek their chief Refuge, as for what concerns Phy&s;ick, in <HI>Mugwort,</HI> and find it: Nor is there a Plant in all <HI>Japan</HI> more frequent than this: It grows plentifully in the Fields and Way-&s;ides: The <HI>Japanois</HI> call it <HI>Jomongi</HI> and <HI>Nophouts,</HI> and when it is dried, <HI>Moxa.</HI> This is the <HI>Mo|ther of herbs,</HI> that <HI>Royal Plant,</HI> which the Ancients cal|led <HI>Parthenis,</HI> becau&s;e it cured Maidens Di&s;ea&s;es; the <HI>Italians</HI> call it <HI>Valentine;</HI> many &s;tyle it <HI>Self-potent;</HI> this is that <HI>Me&s;&s;enger of the Graces,</HI> which <HI>Artemi&s;ia,</HI> Wife to <HI>Mau|&s;olus</HI> King of <HI>Caria,</HI> honoured with her own name, as an excellent <HI>Phylactery;</HI> &s;ome would derive it from <HI>Arthemis Ilithya,</HI> i.e. <HI>Diana,</HI> becau&s;e it particularly cures Womens Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P>This therefore &s;o highly celebrated <HI>Mugwort,</HI> when it is turned into flame and a&s;hes, does the mo&s;t good, becau&s;e while it hurts, it cures; and it cures won|derfully the profound racking pains of the Limbs, oftentimes in a moment, which is a thing of the greate&s;t moment. It were too long to run over all the U&s;es of this Remedy in mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es; where|fore I &s;hall confine my &s;elf to the u&s;e of <HI>Mugwort</HI> in the Gout, e&s;pecially according to the Practice of the <HI>Chinois</HI> and <HI>Japanois,</HI> premi&s;ing onely a few things. <HI>Matthiolus</HI> upon <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> &s;ays, <HI>That</HI> 3 <HI>drachms of dried Mugwort Leaves powdered given in Wine is good for the</HI> Scia|tica. <HI>Weikardus</HI> al&s;o makes it a Specifick for the Gout: for in <HI>The&s;aur. Pharmaceut.</HI> he &s;aith, <HI>That Mug|wort roots boiled with Victuals, like Par&s;ly Roots, help a Man wonderfully. For many onely by the u&s;e of them have been cured of the Pain of the Gout.</HI> But if in&s;tead of the Roots boil'd, and the Powder of the dried Leaves, the&s;e Phy&s;icians had u&s;ed the Down of the dried Leaves, they had done the bu&s;ine&s;s. For <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;peaking of the pain in the knees, &s;aith, <HI>All &s;uch pains when they are inveterate, &s;carce go off without Burning. Hippocrates</HI> is ve|ry copious about the ways and benefit of burning, wherein he &s;eems, in my opinion, to have propo&s;ed a threefold &s;cope; The mitigation of Pain, evacuati|on of an Ab&s;ce&s;s, the Re&s;tauration of a weakned or di&s;located Limb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">L. de Af|fect. Sect. <HI>19, 20.</HI></NOTE> Therefore, according to his Laws, <HI>Where&s;oever Pain is gathered, do you burn;</HI> nay, <HI>Where&s;oever any Pain (except of the Spleen) is felt, do you burn,</HI> for &s;o he will be pre&s;ently cured.</P>
<P>While he &s;hews the place that &s;hould be burnt, and patronizes our Opinion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">L. de Af|fect. Sect. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">0.</HI></NOTE> he &s;aith thus; <HI>This</HI> (meaning Bloud) <HI>runs by the Thigh through a &s;anguifluous vein, and where&s;oever it &s;tops there is a very manife&s;t pain, trouble&s;ome indeed, but not mortal: Therefore, if pain gather to one place, and abide there, and cannot be removed by Medi|cines, burn it, in whatever place the pain &s;hall be.</HI> Nor is he le&s;s clear, where he &s;ays;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ibid. Sect. <HI>32.</HI></NOTE> <HI>And this indeed is a long di&s;ea&s;e</HI> (meaning the Gout in the feet) <HI>and trouble|&s;ome, but not mortal; if therefore any pain remain in the Toes, burn them a little above the knot in the Joint.</HI> Not onely, that the hurtfull Flux of Bloud may be &s;taid;<NOTE PLACE="marg">De l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cis in homine.</NOTE> <HI>for if you burn a Vein in any Grief (for the &s;ake whereof it is burnt) the Vein does not heal up, but it is good for the Flux, for if it be burnt, the Flux is &s;topt:</HI> But al&s;o that the Vapour, that Di&s;turber of the Bloud, may be di&s;per&s;ed. Where, as in many other places, by a Vein, according to the Ancients way of &s;peaking, we mu&s;t under&s;tand an Artery: for it beating quicker and higher is the true <HI>Index</HI> of the Pain.</P>
<P>Concerning the &s;econd Indication in Burning, the &s;ame Per&s;on &s;aith; <HI>If both the Part be pained,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>L.</HI> de arti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. <HI>45.</HI></NOTE> <HI>and the Fle&s;h be &s;ubmucous</HI> (or as in &s;everal other places, putrefying) <HI>Burning is the be&s;t remedy for them.</HI> But above all things <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Golden Rule is to be ob&s;erved by our Pyrurgian; <HI>What things you ought to di&s;charge, whither they have a tendency, the &s;ame things you ought to di&s;charge by places convenient.</HI></P>
<P>But what he &s;aith of the re&s;tauration of di&s;located parts by burning, the third Indication, you may &s;ee in his Book <HI>de Articulis,</HI> and other places. For it would be tedious to mention all the te&s;timonies and precepts of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> about Burning.</P>
<P>He had variety of cau&s;tick Matters, as Iron,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>L.</HI> de Af|fect. Sect. <HI>32.</HI></NOTE> Raw Flax (which is neare&s;t <HI>Moxa.) And if there be any pain left in the Toes, burn them, and you mu&s;t burn them with raw Flax.</HI> He made u&s;e al&s;o of <HI>Box Spindles dept in &s;calding Oil.</HI> And &s;o the <HI>Chinois</HI> dip their burning Hurds (when they are minded to burn deep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">L. de Af|fect. intern. Sect. <HI>31.</HI></NOTE> and make the Sores run long) in &s;calding Oil. <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> u&s;ed <HI>fungi</HI> al&s;o.</P>
<P>But the Practice of <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan</HI> doth &s;upply us with a gentler and &s;afer Remedy than any of the&s;e. The greate&s;t part of the Practice of Phy&s;ick there, con&s;i&s;ts in burning with herbaceous Hurds, the &s;uc|ce&s;s whereof is almo&s;t as great in the event, as the plenty and diver&s;ity of ca&s;es. At fir&s;t I wondred at, nay almo&s;t dete&s;ted a remedy &s;o unu&s;ual to us <HI>Europaeans,</HI> till convinced at la&s;t by repeated &s;ucce&s;s, I my &s;elf patronized &s;o beneficial a Method of Cure. I was per&s;waded into a good opinion of it, by the frequent experience Mr. <HI>Herman Bu&s;hoff</HI> had told me of it. But I was not fully &s;atisfied, till in <HI>Japan</HI> I &s;aw Thou&s;ands of In&s;tances; for there is &s;carce a <HI>Japanois,</HI> that has not made trial of it in him&s;elf; for Di&s;ea&s;es coming, as I think, from Vapours, or as Authours teach, from cold Phlegm.</P>
<P>When I fir&s;t arrived at <HI>Japan,</HI> one of our Interpre|ters, a little more curious about Phy&s;ick than the re&s;t, came to me halting, and leaning very much on a &s;taff: He complained of the Gout in his knee, and as I was di&s;cour&s;ing him about this Remedy, he told me, <HI>Perhaps to morrow you will admire the Virtue of &s;o pre&s;ent a Remedy:</HI> The next day he return'd ac|cording to promi&s;e, and then walked without any impediment; he &s;hewed me his knee pla&s;tered up with <HI>Japan</HI> paper onely, to defend the Sores that the Burning had left, which he &s;hewed me; <HI>And thus</HI> (quoth he) <HI>we remove all Pains from our Limbs.</HI> But af|terwards innumerable examples did no le&s;s remove all doubt from my mind, than this Burning did the pain from the Limbs of &s;ick people.</P>
<P>The Gout is cured by removing its Cau&s;e, <HI>i. e.</HI> by evaporating the Vapours that lie between the <HI>Perio|&s;teum</HI> and the Bone, after this very manner, which I ob&s;erved with my own eyes: for Mr. <HI>Bu&s;hoff</HI> was mi&s;|taken in this, either through the unfaithfull or ignorant Relation that he received. Their way of preparing it is &s;imple. They gather the &s;maller Leaves or Tops of broadleaved <HI>Mugwort</HI> (for <HI>Ja|pan</HI> knows not, at lea&s;t as far as I could find, the &s;mall leaved, as Herbari&s;ts call it) they dry them in the &s;hade (then they are called <HI>Moxa</HI>) when they are dry they rub them with both their hands, they ca&s;t away the &s;talks, the fibres of the Leaves, and all the u&s;ele&s;s relicks and rubbi&s;h; but they keep the
<PB N="35" REF="23"> Down for U&s;e, which is like Cotton, if it be right prepared. And this general way of prepa|ring <HI>Moxa</HI> all over <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan</HI> is known to the meane&s;t &s;ort, and not onely to their Phy&s;icians; nor is the u&s;e of it more common than the thing it &s;elf. Then they take this Down made of dried and clean&s;ed Mugwort, and between their Thumb and Fore-finger, form it into a little pellet &s;omething bigger than a &s;mall Pea&s;e, with a &s;harp pri&s;m and broad ba&s;e; Or they put the cotton of the Herb purified in a Paper, and roll it with their flat palm, that &s;o the plantary Wool may be clo&s;e, and more equally compact, from which they cut off their pie|ces, which are about twice as thick as a Writing Pen, the&s;e they lay on the place grieved (when they have wet it with their finger moi&s;tened with their &s;pittle) and with a Candle or &s;ome other way they give fire to them (oftentimes one after ano|ther) that by this means the Tormentor of Mens Joints, and Authour of all pain may be got out and &s;ent going. They &s;et the&s;e Tents on, either with the tops of their fingers, or with a flat hand: But here the Pul&s;e of the Arteries in the place affect|ed mu&s;t fir&s;t be felt (which in <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan</HI> they take no notice of) that we may be a&s;certained where the Vapour re&s;ides.<NOTE PLACE="marg">L. <HI>3.</HI> de M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rb. Sect. <HI>27.</HI></NOTE> But, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the Body mu&s;t be kept in the &s;ame Po&s;ture, as the&s;e Nations al&s;o ob&s;erve. This matter is ea&s;ily com|bu&s;tible, if it be prepared as it ought: for the <HI>Chi|nois</HI> carry it about them in Tinder-boxes. They touch the top of the&s;e Hurds with a lighted Match (which the Rich Men in <HI>China,</HI> not in <HI>Japan</HI> as to my knowledge, make up with Perfumes) when they have given fire, the gentle flame turns not all this little Turret into A&s;hes, but leaves a little Segment of it in the Ba&s;e, which draws the <HI>Epidermis</HI> with no Violence, nor rai&s;es any Bli&s;ter, unle&s;s it may be a very &s;mall and &s;uperficial one: But for the mo&s;t part it leaves onely a duski&s;h Spot, although the Burning be renewed &s;everal times upon the &s;ame part, and according to Art a Wound be endeavoured: Be|cau&s;e like a Cupping-Gla&s;s (for this burning with Mugwort &s;erves the <HI>Japanois</HI> in&s;tead of Cupping, Sca|rifying, Bli&s;tering and Bloud-letting, which la&s;t de|pre&s;&s;es the vigour of the Bloud and Spirits without Diminution of the Morbifick Matter, e&s;pecially in hot Countries) it imbibes the Humours, that they do not corrode the skin: for the Humours at this Burning run like lightning. Nor is this Burning (which be&s;ide the great ea&s;e it brings, highly com|mends this &s;ort of Remedy) very painfull: for it is a &s;oft Down, nor is the flame thick, or great, nor does it penetrate the skin; and the Conflagration it &s;elf is momentany.</P>
<P>This Burning in weaker places is commonly rei|terated three or four times; but in other places, if the Patient be &s;trong, and the Vapours lie deep; for example, in the <HI>Sciatica</HI> (in which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> or|ders many large &s;cars to be made with Burning, where the <HI>Chinois</HI> and <HI>Japanois</HI> burn many &s;mall ones near one another) it is repeated &s;ometimes twenty, thirty, nay, above fifty times; till that mi&s;chievous Vapour exhale, and there is no fear of any mi&s;chief upon it, nor any remainder of Pain: But as &s;oon as the Burning is over, you may handle the burnt part, or pre&s;s it as you lift. For this burning of <HI>Moxa</HI> a&s;&s;wages the Pain, and for the mo&s;t part takes it quite away.</P>
<P>Some to the Utility of this Burning will perhaps oppo&s;e a contrary Experience, and &s;ay, That by vexatious Burnings, Gouty per&s;ons do &s;pend their Animal and Vital Spirits, &s;poil Nutrition, and (which is the lea&s;t of all) disfigure the skin with &s;cars. But would my Opponents go to <HI>China,</HI> or <HI>Japan,</HI> they would there find, that People of every Age, Sex and Condition, in every approach of Pain, whe|ther inward or outward, and at the appearance of any Swelling, do burn with their <HI>Moxa;</HI> and, that the oftner they burn, the &s;tronger they grow; nay, that when they are well they burn, for prevention of any Di&s;ea&s;e they fear. Although, I confe&s;s, it &s;ometimes happens, that by a long, violent, and of|ten repeated Burning, they &s;ometimes fall into Swoons, and that this Burning in hot Regions (where more Spirits go out by the pores of the Bo|dy always open) does le&s;s good than in colder pla|ces, where the habit of Mens Bodies is contrary. Be&s;ides, tender and lean People &s;hould not be burnt &s;o violently, nor &s;o frequently, as tho&s;e that are &s;trong and of a full Body. And as for Scars, I ever thought Health was to be preferred before Beau|ty. Therefore, what <HI>Pliny</HI> &s;aid of Fire in general, I may truly &s;ay of this Burning Down; <HI>And there is a medical Virtue in the very Fire; e&s;pecially in that of ours.</HI> So <HI>Galen</HI> allows, that the help of Fire is beyond all Phy|&s;ick, when he &s;aith, that <HI>Burning is a Remedy which empties the whole &s;ub&s;tance of that which troubles:</HI> Which <HI>M. A. Severin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> interprets &s;o; <HI>There is no Di&s;ea&s;e &s;o dif|ficult and impenetrable, that cannot be conquered by the force of Fire, e&s;pecially if we exactly knew its &s;trength and u&s;e:</HI> For as the Flame is fed by the Air, as its food and fewel; &s;o this Artificial Burning in noxious Va|pours is more kindled by their Bellows, and, which is the chief thing, it exhau&s;ts and di&s;per&s;es them.</P>
<P>Yet we mu&s;t a&s;&s;i&s;t Nature, when &s;he is weak, and a &s;mall E&s;car is to be &s;eparated after this manner; Brui&s;ed Garlick mu&s;t be laid on the E&s;car, which again mu&s;t be covered with its own skin moi&s;tened in ones Mouth, and &s;o laid on to keep it in&s;tead of a Pla&s;ter; and then after 24 hours the Garlick Pla&s;ter mu&s;t be taken off; for the Scab will be rea|dy to fall off, behind which, when it falls, there remains a pellucid Scar in the Cuticle, very rarely a round Bli&s;ter; which, neverthele&s;s, if it do ari&s;e, mu&s;t be gently cut with a pair of fine Sci&s;&s;ers, that way may be made for the peccant matter; nor mu&s;t the Scab be taken off with &s;uch har&s;h In&s;tru|ments as a Penknife or Ra&s;or. This E&s;car is ea&s;ily taken away, if you take but a Leaf of Plantain (the common cure for Wounds and Ulcers among the Country people in <HI>Japan.</HI>) Bete, Cabbage, <HI>Sy|ri,</HI> &amp;c. roa&s;ted a little, and rubbed in ones hands to make it &s;oft, and &s;o apply it, and wait with pa|tience till the E&s;car fall and it heal. Where you mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that if the Plantain Leaves (fir&s;t laid on hot Coals, till they grow limber and fall toge|ther; then they mu&s;t be laid on the Palm of the hand, and &s;pread open again) be applied hot and moi&s;t on the ribby &s;ide, it will run matter like an I&s;&s;ue; but if they be applied on the &s;mooth &s;ide (when the Sore requires healing) the Wound clo|&s;eth (which while the <HI>Japanois</HI> neglect, and cau&s;e their Sores to abound with unctuous putrilage, and the flowing matter to grow crude again, by this Burning they are disfigured with filthy Scars) quick|ly, and without any notable Scar, more convenient|ly than the be&s;t Pla&s;ters, which, becau&s;e of their fat, &s;hould be rejected. But the falling of the E&s;car is not at all to be ha&s;tned, although it &s;tick never &s;o &s;lenderly to the Sore; that work mu&s;t be left to Nature, nor mu&s;t the running of the matter be &s;topt, nor mu&s;t they by putting in of Pea&s;e, be made mere I&s;&s;ues; but of its own accord let the matter ouze out as much as it will: Wherefore the Leaves are to be kept on with their fibrous &s;ide to the Sore, becau&s;e &s;o the di&s;ea&s;ed matter runs out more freely; but with their &s;mooth &s;ide to it not &s;o long, becau&s;e then the Wound would clo&s;e up too &s;oon; the nervous &s;ide of the Leaves therefore mu&s;t be kept to the Sore, and that they fall not off, mu&s;t be bound on, or kept on (where the Place will not permit binding) with &s;ticking Pla&s;ters, and in twice 24 hours time at lea&s;t, mu&s;t be renewed. But if Plantain (which abounds in <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan,</HI> where this method of Cure is mo&s;t u&s;ed) be want|ing, Cabbage, Bete, Coltsfoot, Ivy, or the like, may be u&s;ed in its &s;tead: Which, if they &s;hould all be wanting, as at Sea, <HI>Diapalma, Ba&s;ilicon,</HI> or which I
<PB N="36" REF="24"> like better, <HI>Sticticum Paracel&s;i,</HI> or &s;ome &s;uch Pla&s;ter may be u&s;ed. I remember I have &s;een evident marks of this Burning among the Inhabitants of the I&s;land <HI>Timaon,</HI> and them of <HI>Java:</HI> And I kept a <HI>Malabar</HI> &s;lave, who had deep Scars of this Burning (which was performed, as he &s;aid, with dry Leaves) remaining in his Buttocks.</P>
<P>But it is not enough to &s;hew the Port, unle&s;s like|wi&s;e you &s;hew the Rocks, which may endanger your &s;triking. The <HI>Japanois</HI> therefore, who&s;e practice of Burning I here e&s;pecially teach, do give in charge;</P>
<P N="1">1. That in burning Fevers, whether remitting or continual, &s;o long as they ob&s;erve their Periods, or have their Paroxy&s;ms with their Accidents, Mens Bodies mu&s;t not be burnt with <HI>Moxa;</HI> they having found by experience, that the Fever and its Symp|tomes are thereby encrea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="2">2. They forbid the u&s;e of <HI>Moxa</HI> in the Fit of an Ague, which the <HI>Japanois</HI> carefully ob&s;erve; but out of the Fit, they earne&s;tly per&s;wade it, and diligently admini&s;ter it.</P>
<P N="3">3. They forbid Burning, when one hath got a Cold; otherwi&s;e they &s;ay, a Fever, and often a mo&s;t grievous one doth follow, e&s;pecially if they do not wrap them&s;elves warm with clothes: Which they always enjoyn in the admini&s;tration of Burning, for fear of a Fever, as they find by experience; for otherwi&s;e the external cold of the Air, when the pores are opened with Burning, out of which the Vapours went, in&s;inuates it &s;elf, and &s;o the fir&s;t Di|&s;ea&s;e turns to a wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">4. They refu&s;e al&s;o to burn Teeming Women till an hundred days after they are delivered. Which mu&s;t be under&s;tood of tho&s;e parts; for, for the Head-ach, and other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head and Brea&s;t, I have &s;everal times ordered Women new|ly delivered to be burnt, and with great &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
<P>After Burning (that is, the fir&s;t days after the fir&s;t Burning) they touch the burnt part, often and &s;oftly, either with their finger, or rather with a clean Rag dipt in &s;alt water, but lightly, for fear of a Fever; taking great care, that the Water be not over &s;alt, nor their finger too cold or moi&s;t. Al|though this Monitory Rule hold not in all; yet it brings this advantage with it, when duly ob&s;er|ved, that it draws the purulent matter out of the Brand &s;ooner and &s;afer.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">L. <HI>3.</HI> de Mo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b. S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. <HI>26.</HI></NOTE>To the&s;e you may add (if you plea&s;e) <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Caution; <HI>It is more Mortal (at lea&s;t more dan|gerous) to Burn the right hand Parts than the left.</HI></P>
<P>But they that think much to take &s;o great pains (for the <HI>Japanois</HI> are true Haters of Labour) u&s;e other actual Cauteries, in the u&s;e whereof they fol|low not this exactne&s;s of rules; they therefore make a Roll a little longer than ones finger, but not quite out &s;o thick, of the whole dry Leaves of Mugwort; with this long Tent they cautiou&s;ly and lightly touch the place to be burnt eight or ten times, and at the la&s;t they &s;et it fa&s;t on the Place. The <HI>Japa|nois</HI> call this and the former Operation al&s;o, <HI>Sinkiu,</HI> the name and u&s;e whereof they took from the <HI>Chi|nois,</HI> among whom this latter (at this time at lea&s;t) is not &s;o u&s;ual: I prefer the common way of Burn|ing with <HI>Moxa</HI> before this. For the right perfor|mance of which, according to the Laws of Art, Prac|titioners in <HI>China,</HI> and <HI>Japan,</HI> have their Schemes, in which, according to their &s;mall knowledge in Ana|tomy, they have marked the places in the whole Bo|dy de&s;igned for Burning: I &s;hould rather con&s;ult my Sen&s;es, and burn whereabout the Arteries throb. Mo&s;t of the <HI>Japanois</HI> u&s;e this Chirurgical Pyrotech|ny once at lea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> a year, u&s;ually twice or oftner, to prevent Di&s;ea&s;es; in the &s;ame nature that our Peo|ple u&s;e to Bleed and Purge, for Prevention &s;ake, in the Spring e&s;pecially, when the Humours are in a Ferment.</P>
<P>But the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Japan</HI> have a &s;ecret way of Burning, which they make u&s;e of in the mo&s;t grievous and Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, as in Con&s;umptions, and where Mens Bodies are weak and Bloudle&s;s: They call this <HI>Siqua,</HI> i. e. <HI>Burning of four places;</HI> they per|form it with the well-known <HI>Moxa,</HI> namely in the Region of the Loins, near <HI>Os &s;acrum,</HI> where they &s;et two Turrets, one on either &s;ide near the Spine; and two, one on either &s;ide, a little farther from the Spine. Hereby they hold, that &s;trength is re|newed, and that Vigour is acquired to the Geni|tal Parts: Wherefore, I have often ob&s;erved, how the Luxurious (as mo&s;t of the <HI>Japanois</HI> are) have Scars in the&s;e places. And perhaps burning in the&s;e places might doe good in that <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Di&s;ea&s;e, cal|led the <HI>Rickets. Hippocrates</HI> in the like ca&s;e u&s;es it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">L. de Affect. intern. Sect. <HI>14.</HI></NOTE> namely; when the Spinal Marrow is very much dried, when the Veins tending to the Marrow and acce&s;s from the Head are &s;topt; <HI>Burn him in four places on his L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ns, on each &s;ide of the</HI> Vertebrae; <HI>and in fifteen places on each &s;ide his Back; and in two places on his neck a|mong the Tendons: for if the Burning have &s;ucce&s;s, you cure him: but this is a grievous Di&s;ea&s;e.</HI> But you may con|&s;ult <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf in what Di&s;ea&s;es, and in what Places for each Di&s;ea&s;e Burning is proper; and you may doe that with <HI>Moxa,</HI> which he did with &s;ome far more violent Cau&s;ticks, with others more gen|tle, and much of the &s;ame nature, as <HI>Fungi,</HI> and <HI>raw Flax.</HI></P>
<P>Now the Phy&s;icians in <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Japan,</HI> do di&s;tin|gui&s;h the places that &s;hould be burnt (wherein the whole Art con&s;i&s;ts) in &s;ingular Figures, which they account the Rarities of their Art. And although the Vulgar do admini&s;ter this Burning with <HI>Moxa</HI> to them&s;elves; yet there are peculiar Surgeons a|mong the <HI>Japanois</HI> (whereof I am an eye-witne&s;s) that make it their bu&s;ine&s;s onely to perform this Operation and Acupuncture; they call them <HI>Fara wyts ten&s;as;</HI> their Shops may be known by their Car|ved Images (in which, the places to be Burnt are marked) as our Surgeons are by the Sign of the Pottingers. For it is of &s;uch moment to know ex|actly the Places to be Burnt, that it is become a pe|culiar Trade, in the &s;ame manner that our Oculi&s;ts, Cutters for the Stone, and Rupture-Curers, appro|priate each of them a peculiar Craft to them&s;elves. And the manifold experience of Burning hath taught me, that much depends upon the di&s;tinct knowledge of Places: For the <HI>Japanois,</HI> when they have lo&s;t their Stomach, burn a certain place on their Shoul|ders, to recover it; which the Skilfulle&s;t Anato|mi&s;t in <HI>Europe</HI> can &s;carce give a rea&s;on of: They burn the <HI>Os &s;acrum</HI> and Loins in a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> and in weakne&s;s of the Spermatick Parts: But which is more won|derfull, I know a place in the Belly, not far from the Navel, which, if burnt, a certain Effemination follows, without any hope of recovering a Man's Virility. I knew a <HI>Japanois</HI> Matron, that now lives among the <HI>Dutch,</HI> who, upon her Faith, told me, That in her Infancy &s;he had a Swelling aro&s;e in the Nape of her Neck, which, when the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Japan</HI> had tried to remove, by all &s;orts of means, they cut it off; but it grew again; till a certain old wo|man, looking upon the Excre&s;cence, laughed at the prepo&s;terous endeavours of t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Phy&s;icians, and ap|plied <HI>Moxa</HI> to the middle of the &s;ole of her Foot; whereupon the Swelling immediately withdrew it &s;elf from the Eyes of the Spectatours, and then ut|terly vani&s;hed, without any &s;ign of Return to her old Age. What will you gue&s;s now, you <HI>European</HI> Di&s;&s;ector? Whoever de&s;ires to be informed in this knowledge of the Places, he mu&s;t get &s;ome <HI>China</HI> or <HI>Japan</HI> Schemes; or if he dare not rely on them, let him ob&s;erve that Rule of <HI>Hippocrates; Where&s;oever you feel Pain, Burn it.</HI> Burn the Part affected, where the Artery beats violently, or not far from it: Do not lightly burn the Nerves, or the Nervous parts, if you can avoid it; rather chu&s;e the Bloud-ve&s;&s;els (tho&s;e genuine Habitacles of noxious Va|pours:)
<PB N="37" REF="24"> Which, notwith&s;tanding, cannot always be ob&s;erved; becau&s;e the Vapour, that is the effi|cient cau&s;e of the Gout, commonly re&s;ides, and is as it were impri&s;oned in the Nervous Places. Burn|ing cannot be admini&s;tred to the Spinal Marrow without Danger. Be&s;ides, the <HI>Japanois</HI> either never at all, or very &s;eldom (and then with great cir|cum&s;pection) burn the inner &s;ide of the Feet, or the upper part of the Arms, where the Nerves, Ten|dons and Ligaments, are covered with but little fle&s;h; but the outer Parts of the Feet and Arms, in the Inter&s;tices of the Mu&s;cles, becau&s;e there the Bloud-ve&s;&s;els (the Place and Cour&s;e of Vapours) do lie. But he that pertinaciou&s;ly doubts whether it make &s;o much matter, where a Man be burnt; I will allow him the fore&s;aid place in the <HI>Hypoga&s;tri|um</HI> (a Fingers length below the Navel, right down|wards upon the <HI>Linea alba</HI>) with the artificial way of Burning, as I hinted before, whereby a Man &s;hall pre&s;ently be effeminated, and made inept for generation: Wherefore through a prepo&s;terous e|lection of places in burning, Patients receive more hurt than good. For the <HI>Japanois</HI> burn neither in the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium,</HI> nor <HI>Epiga&s;trium,</HI> but on each &s;ide, a little above and below the Navel; Burning a little above the Navel re&s;tores the lo&s;t Appetite; &s;o burning the <HI>Os &s;acrum</HI> on each &s;ide, &s;trengthens the genital Parts, dimini&s;hes, and &s;ometimes &s;tops the involun|tary flux of Seed: The dimple of the Chin, or the middle furrow of the nether Jaw, burnt cures the Tooth-ach:<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Scult. Ar|mam. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 28.</NOTE> So in <HI>Scultetus,</HI> you have <HI>Spigelius</HI> his In|vention, which advi&s;es in the Tooth-ach to cut the Branch of the Soporal Artery that runs behind the Ears to the Teeth, with a Penknife red hot: Va|rious examples al&s;o of de&s;ired &s;ucce&s;s have taught me the &s;ame thing. Be&s;ides, the <HI>Japanois</HI> do much commend burning in Drop&s;ies, called the Tympany and <HI>A&s;citis,</HI> as al&s;o in their endemious Cod-rupture (which is commonly the Swelling of one of their Te&s;ticles, very familiar among them) in which they burn the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and the great Toe of both Feet above the Joint (which is a very &s;en&s;ible place, while it is burnt; but in the whole body there is none more &s;en&s;ible than that between the great Toe and the Toe next it.) And this production of the Ve&s;&s;els (on which this &s;ympathy of Parts depends) mu&s;t needs be wonderfull to our Countrymen, which is indeed unknown to the <HI>Europeans,</HI> but rati|fied by manifold experience to the <HI>Chinois</HI> and <HI>Japanois.</HI> Certainly the admirable derivations and divaricati|ons of the Bloud-ve&s;&s;els are not yet fully di&s;cover|ed by the <HI>Europeans;</HI> as may be demon&s;trated from their Schemes. In the violent pain of the Colick (&s;uch as rages horribly all <HI>A&s;ia</HI> over, and often kills the Patient with un&s;peakable Torments, or fre|quently leaveth a Pal&s;ie in the hands and feet behind it) the <HI>Portugue&s;e</HI> u&s;e this Remedy; they &s;tand bare|foot on a hot Iron (in&s;tead whereof I &s;hould u&s;e Artemi&s;ial Down, with le&s;s pain, and perhaps with more benefit) till the burnt part hi&s;s, and they feel pain, upon which they pre&s;ently find ea&s;e, other|wi&s;e they are counted incurable: But, Doth this argue that Wind is the efficient Cau&s;e of this Di|&s;ea&s;e, or doth it confirm, the Cure of it &s;hould be by Fire? He that again&s;t the credit of his Sen&s;es doubts whether there be Wind, may be convinced by this Experiment in <HI>Bengala,</HI> where they know in this cruel Di&s;ea&s;e &s;o to rub and pre&s;s the Belly, till Wind does &s;en&s;ibly whi&s;tle out at the Navel; which, if it do not &s;ucceed, they &s;et a great Pot (they call it <HI>Cojang</HI>) full of Water, which by the force and violence of the Wind moves and dances. And (by the way) in this &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e our Soldiers in <HI>Cei|lon</HI> u&s;e to take &s;ome Wood-a&s;hes out of the Chim|ney, and mix them with Water and drink them, whereby they find pre&s;ent ea&s;e.</P>
<P>Therefore the <HI>Chinois</HI> (of whom the latter bor|rowed this Art, and whatever el&s;e they have in Phy|&s;ick) and the <HI>Japanois</HI> (who practi&s;e this Pyrotech|nick Surgery more than the former) will have the place for burning mo&s;t accurately ob&s;erved; both which Nations, although in a manner wholly igno|rant of Anatomy; yet they know the motion of the Bloud (on which they ground their whole Art of Phy&s;ick) and the &s;tructure of the Bloud-ve&s;&s;els more exactly, than any Nation in <HI>Europe.</HI> Hence they have formed certain Rules upon burning of places according to the Complexion and di&s;po&s;iti|on of the Humours, and the nature of the &s;ubj<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|cent and neighbouring parts (as may be &s;een in their Schemes.) The burner marks the place with Ink, or &s;ome other colour, le&s;t upon motion of the Body, and con&s;equently of the Skin, he mi&s;take: Or he keeps his Patient's Body &s;teady in the &s;ame po&s;ture till he have done.</P>
<P>And for a Conclu&s;ion, let this preparation, and inward u&s;e of Mugwort &s;erve; the <HI>Japanois</HI> take its green leaves, not dry, when they have taken out the &s;talks and fibres of the Leaves, and ca&s;t them away, they put the remainder in hot water, they &s;tir it a|bout and wa&s;h it, to &s;eparate the filth, and take off the bitterne&s;s, they pour away the water, and &s;train it all from the Leaves, the&s;e Leaves they pound in a Mortar, when it is enough, they put to it half as much boiled Rice, &s;o with a little Sugar they re|duce it to a Pa&s;te, and make Cakes of it; which their Women eat in&s;tead of Sweet-meats, for fits, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> and Womens Di&s;ea&s;es: for which Di&s;ea&s;es, that Mugwort is a Specifick, Au|thours unanimou&s;ly teach, and the practice of <HI>Japan</HI> doth confirm.</P>
<P>To this it may not be ami&s;s to &s;ubjoyn Sir <HI>William Temple's</HI> experiment of <HI>Moxa</HI> on him&s;elf in a Fit of the Gout at the <HI>Hague.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Temple's <HI>Mi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">llani<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">, p.</HI> 20<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> I &s;et the <HI>Moxa</HI> (&s;aith he) ju&s;t upon the place where the fir&s;t violence of my pain began, which was the Joint of the great Toe, and where the greate&s;t anger and &s;orene&s;s &s;till continu|ed, notwith&s;tanding the Swelling of my Foot, &s;o that I had never yet in five days been able to &s;tir it, but as it was lifted. Upon the fir&s;t burning, I found the skin &s;hrink all round the Place; and whe|ther the greater pain of the fire had taken away the &s;en&s;e of a &s;maller or no, I could not tell; but I thought it le&s;s than it was: I burnt it the &s;econd time, and upon it ob&s;erved the skin about it to &s;hrink, and the Swelling to &s;tat yet more than at fir&s;t. I began to move my Toe, which I had not done before; but I found &s;ome remainders of Pain. I burnt it the third time, and ob&s;erved &s;till the &s;ame effects without, but a much greater within; for I &s;tirred the Joint &s;everal times at ea&s;e; and growing bolder, I &s;et my Foot to the ground with|out any Pain at all. After this I pur&s;ued the me|thod pre&s;cribed by the Book, and the Authour's Son at <HI>&V;trecht,</HI> and had a brui&s;ed Clove of Garlick laid to the place that was burnt, and covered with a large Pla&s;ter of <HI>Diapalma,</HI> to keep it fixed there; and when this was done, feeling no more pain, and treading &s;till bolder and firmer upon it, I cut a Slipper to let in my Foot Swelled as it was, and walkt half a dozen turns about the Room, without any Pain or trouble, and much to the &s;urprize of tho&s;e that were about me, as well as to my own. For though I had rea&s;oned my &s;elf before-hand into an opinion of the thing, yet I could not expect &s;uch an effect as I found, which &s;eldom reaches to the degree that is promi&s;ed by the pre&s;cribers of any Remedies, whereas this went beyond it, having been applied &s;o late, and the pre&s;cription reaching onely to the fir&s;t attack of the Pain, and before the Part begins to Swell.</P>
<P>For the Pain of the burning it &s;elf, the fir&s;t time it is &s;harp, &s;o that a Man may be allowed to com|plain: I re&s;olved I would not, but that I would count to a certain number, as the be&s;t mea&s;ure how long it la&s;ted. I told Six&s;core and four, as fa&s;t as I could; and when the fire of the <HI>Moxa</HI> was out, all Pain of Burning was over. The &s;econd time was
<PB N="38" REF="25"> not near &s;o &s;harp as the fir&s;t; and the third a great deal le&s;s than the &s;econd. The wound was not raw, as I expected, but looked onely &s;corched and black; and I had rather endure the whole trouble of the operation, than half a quarter of an hours pain in the degree I felt it the fir&s;t whole night.</P>
<P>After 24 hours I had it opened, and found a great Bli&s;ter drawn by the Garlick, which I u&s;ed no more, but had the Bli&s;ter cut, which run a good deal of water, but filled again by next night; and this con|tinued for 13 days, with onely a <HI>Diapalma</HI> Pla&s;ter up|on it; after which time the Bli&s;ter dried up, and left a Sore about as big as a two pence, which heal|ed, and went away in about a weeks time lon|ger; but I continued to walk every day, and with|out the lea&s;t return of Pain, the Swelling &s;till grow|ing le&s;s, though it were near &s;ix weeks before it was wholly gone. I favoured it all this while more than I needed, upon the common opinion, that walking too much might draw down the Humour; which I have &s;ince had rea&s;on to conclude a great mi&s;take; and that if I had travelled as much as I could from the fir&s;t day the Pain left me, the Swel|ling might have left me too in a much le&s;s time.</P>
<P>Sir <HI>William</HI> gives an account al&s;o how the <HI>Moxa</HI> re|moved the Pain in a Fit of the Gout, from Mon&s;ieur <HI>Serinchamps,</HI> the Duke of <HI>Lorrains</HI> Envoy then at the <HI>Hague.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>A&s;thma,</HI> &s;ee <HI>Re&s;piratio. Atrophia,</HI> or want of Nouri&s;hment, or Leanne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The general way of curing an Atrophy. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A particular one cured by Cupping. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Spa&s;modick Atrophy. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After Sinapi&s;ms Empla&s;ticks &s;hould be u&s;ed. <HI>IV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AN Atrophy may be cured, 1. By repair|ing the general or particular defect of bloud, and by u&s;ing good nouri&s;hment, and in due quantity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml;. <HI>p.</HI> 2-8.</NOTE> 2. By correcting any fault in the bloud by evacuations of all &s;orts, and by Alteratives. 3. By repairing the damage any particular part has &s;u&s;tained by mi&s;chance.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Ancients had 3 &s;orts of In&s;truments to cup withall, of Gla&s;s, Bra&s;s and Horn; of which the 2 fir&s;t draw by fire, the la&s;t without fire, onely by &s;ucking with the Mouth: Which Horny Cupping-gla&s;s, although it be grown out of u&s;e among us; yet at this day, the <HI>Indians,</HI> that live under the <HI>Torrid Zone,</HI> have a value for it. A young Man that came from thence be&s;towed &s;uch a Cupping In&s;trument upon me, of which being re&s;olved to make trial, I cho&s;e an Arme withered with an Atrophy, to which I applied my Cupping-gla&s;s, in&s;tead of Pitch and Ro&s;in, which we reade, how the elde&s;t Antiquity made u&s;e of in the like nece&s;&s;ity. Now the&s;e Cupping-gla&s;&s;es draw powerfully, and drawing the Skin curiou&s;ly, they elevate the Veins and Arteries, through lean|ne&s;s fallen flat together: which being opened again, the bloud and &s;pirits pa&s;s to and fro: who&s;e unce&s;|&s;ant Affluence, unle&s;s it daily &s;upplied the place of tho&s;e things that are continually &s;pent by the Bo|dy, the Part &s;o faulty would not onely not be nou|ri&s;hed, but farther it would be emacerated of ne|ce&s;&s;ity. For this withering nothing is better than this Horny Cupping-gla&s;s: e&s;pecially if dextrou&s;ly applied, according to the cour&s;e of the Veins and Arteries, that carry life and nouri&s;hment thither. I made Experiment in the withered Arme of this young Man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;erv.</HI> 49.</NOTE> we &s;aw &s;o much Heat and Bloud drawn to the outer skin by its &s;ucking, that the dry Arme was again nouri&s;hed, and recovered its former &s;trength. The way is this; when you have applied this Horny Cupping-gla&s;s to the Part, you mu&s;t &s;uck out the Air with your Mouth at the little hole, and then immediately clo&s;e it with your fin|ger.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Boy of 11 years old, had from his infancy been troubled oftentimes with a cruel Head-ach for &s;everal days together. He was lean, pale-fa|ced, and at length he fell into a perfect Atrophy, with Night-Sweats, and continual roaring, through violent pains of his left &s;houlder, tending towards his Heart, and the <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> on the &s;ame &s;ide, &s;ometimes pungent, by and by Contractive, or Spa&s;|modick: He had al&s;o a de&s;ire to Cough, with &s;trait|ne&s;s and difficulty of breathing, whereby the Con|tractions in his Shoulders and Brea&s;t &s;eemed to in|crea&s;e; hereupon he was forced to &s;it upright in his bed, holding his Shoulder and left <HI>Hypochondri|um</HI> always with his hand, by rea&s;on of the continual &s;pa&s;modick pain. One of his Phy&s;icians blamed his Lungs, another his Spleen, mo&s;t &s;u&s;pected a hectick Fever: At length being brought extreme low,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. Jac. Wald|&s;chmid. <HI>mi&s;c. cur. ann.</HI> 72. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 236.</NOTE> he was &s;ucce&s;sfully cured, with a di&s;tilled Water drawn off Chicken Broth, with &s;ome leaves of Germander, and Flowers of le&s;&s;er Centaury (in which there lies an Anti&s;pa&s;modick Virtue, ob&s;erved by few) and other things. Truly it were not difficult to derive the Ri&s;e and Cau&s;es of the fore&s;aid Symptomes, ac|cording to <HI>Willis</HI> his Principles, from the enormities of the Animal Spirits and Nervous Juice, without the di&s;tempers of the Bowels &s;erving for concoction; which have been blamed by all Men hitherto.</P>
<P N="4">IV. If to draw nouri&s;hment to the part,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartmannus</HI> prax. Chymi. atr. c. <HI>13.</HI> Sect. <HI>4. Wedelius,</HI> de S. M. <HI>1.</HI> p. <HI>61.</HI></NOTE> Sina|pi&s;ms be u&s;ed, Empla&s;ticks are good after them, le&s;t what comes for the u&s;e and &s;trength of the Part, do tran&s;pire, as al&s;o after rubbings and anointings Comfrey Roots boiled in Spring-water is &s;ucce&s;s|fully applied to the Parts in form of a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 56.</NOTE> Swines bloud di&s;tilled is a &s;ingular thing to make one fat. Take of Swines bloud 2 pounds, di|&s;till it in a Gla&s;s in <HI>Balneo.</HI> Give 2 ounces of this Water with a little Sugar every morning for 15 days.</P>
<P N="2">2. A Water di&s;tilled off Swines bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman.</HI> prax. Chym. de Atrophia.</NOTE> and cool|ing and moi&s;tning Plants does a wonderfull deal of good. It is made thus; Take of Swines bloud 2 pounds, rub it between your hands, that all the Fi|bres may be taken away, add of the Leaves of Be|tony, Coltsfoot, Red-Ro&s;es, Mallows, each 1 hand|full, Lettice 2 handfulls, Melon-&s;eeds excorticated 1 ounce, Coltsfoot Water 2 pounds, Di&s;till them in <HI>Balneo</HI> by an Alembick: Put to every pound of Wa|ter 3 ounces of <HI>Manus Chri&s;ti perlatae.</HI> Let him drink often of this Water.</P>
<P N="3">3.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Stoke|rus, <HI>pr. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 60.</NOTE> In an Atrophy of the Limbs Nettle Juice is ex|cellent to anoint the Limbs withall, that are exte|nuated.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Virtue of this Liquour is admirable;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus <HI>Tract. Pract. l.</HI> 4. <HI>p.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. 582.</NOTE> Take of <HI>Mentha Saracenica,</HI> Ro&s;emary, &s;mall Sage, Flowers of <HI>Cheiri,</HI> Lavender, Lily Convall, Roman Chamaemil, Spike, of each equal parts. Brui&s;e them, &s;teep them for a Month in Spirit of Wine; &s;train them out very hard; keep it, and bathe the Limbs with it.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="39" REF="25">
<HEAD><HI>Aurium affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Ears. See <HI>Surditas.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit, or a Purge be convenient, in pain of the Ears. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Repellents &s;hould be applied. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether gentle Medicines mu&s;t always be u&s;ed. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Faventinus</HI> his Onion be always proper. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Violent Pain gives way to Purgatives, when it will not to out|ward applications. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Vinegar and <HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> may be u&s;ed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks may be poured into the Ears. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an-Impo&s;thume when broken. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things got into the Ear, are to be got out, and not to be left to Nature. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Leech was got out of the Ear. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>General Rules for Cure. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether moi&s;t things may be u&s;ed. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How any Liquor may be drawn from the bottom of the Ear. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirituous Waters are to be-preferred before Oils. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether &s;hould we Vomit or Purge in pain of the Ears? A Vomit &s;eems better according to <HI>Hippocrates, Aphor.</HI> 4.18. <HI>Tho&s;e pains above the Midriff, which &s;tand in need of Evacuation, require a Vomit.</HI> And accor|ding to that Precept, <HI>lib. de loc. in hom. n.</HI> 55. <HI>Di&s;ea&s;es are to be di&s;charged by the part next to them, and to be drawn out by that part, that hath a pa&s;&s;age neare&s;t each of them.</HI> In <HI>lib. de affect.</HI> he expre&s;ly commends Vomit. <HI>If pain ari&s;e in the Ears, it is good to wa&s;h in much hot water, and to apply a Fomentation to the Ears, and if by the&s;e means the atte|nuated Phlegm depart from the Head, and the pain cea&s;e, the&s;e things are &s;ufficient; But if not, a Vomitory Potion is the be&s;t Medicine.</HI> Where you mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that the &s;eat of Phlegm, the cau&s;e of the Pain, is above, and &s;o ac|cording to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid Rules, mu&s;t be di&s;charged that way. But in his Book <HI>de locis in Homine, n.</HI> 20. He commends Purging, and condemns Vomiting. <HI>If by this means the Pain a&s;&s;wage not, let cooling things, actually cold, be poured in, and let a Potion be given that purges downwards, and not upwards, becau&s;e a Vomit will doe no good.</HI> But here you mu&s;t note, that the Application of cooling things, in this ca&s;e, argues, that &s;ome Hot Humour is in fault, the original &s;eat whereof is be|low, and that <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> con&s;onant to him&s;elf, pur|ges therefore downwards. And do but you con&s;i|der the Cau&s;e; you have their directions before you.</P>
<P N="2">II. Whether &s;hould we apply Repellents? We mu&s;t li&s;ten here to the determination of <HI>Arculanus</HI> 9. <HI>ad Alman&s;orem.</HI> Before Repercu&s;&s;ion be made, let the&s;e things be ob&s;erved, The Matter mu&s;t not have been critically di&s;charged; Not be venemous; Not furious; Not much; Not immediately di&s;charged from the Brain; Not very tough and thick; Not gathered by little and little; Not run to the out-part of the Ear: Becau&s;e all the&s;e things forbid the u&s;e of Repellents; be&s;ides, to repell to the Brain is very &s;u&s;picious.</P>
<P N="3">III. Whether mu&s;t we always u&s;e gentle Medi|cines? The excellence of a mo&s;t exqui&s;itely &s;en&s;ible part, and its proximity to a principal part, &s;eem to intimate &s;o much: Wherefore <HI>Galen,</HI> 7. <HI>method.</HI> doth not cure &s;en&s;ible Parts at once with violent Medi|cines, but by mild ones by degrees. Yet he, in the violent pains of &s;uch parts u&s;es &s;trong Medicines, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <GAP DESC="foreign">. as <HI>Chalcitis,</HI> Nitre, juice of Onions, Goats Urine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> that is, when cold and gro&s;s hu|mours cau&s;e the Pain, which are attenuated and heated by the help of &s;uch Medicines, and the Va|pours rai&s;ed by them are di&s;&s;ipated. But he ab|&s;tains from &s;uch things, when the pain is the pro|duct of inflammation.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Many Practitioners u&s;e <HI>Ben. Victorius Faventinus</HI> his Pla&s;ter of Onions, to a&s;&s;wage the Pain of the Ears, of whatever cau&s;e they come, indifferently, to the great damage &s;ometime of the Patient, e&s;|pecially when the Pain is but beginning, and de|pends on a hot Humour: But when the Pain is ow|ing to a cold cau&s;e, or the Inflammation tends to Suppuration, the remedy mu&s;t be applied with good &s;ucce&s;s. <HI>Take an Onion ro&s;ted in hot Embe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius. <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 62.</NOTE> <HI>of fre&s;h Butter</HI> 2 <HI>drachms, Oil of Chamaemil, Ro&s;es, each</HI> 1 <HI>drachm, Saffron</HI> 1 <HI>&s;cruple, apply it warm.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>N.</HI> was afflicted with an un&s;peakable Pain in his right Ear, he got no &s;leep, and was &s;carce him|&s;elf: the Humour indeed at fir&s;t ran, but after the Surgeon applied a Pla&s;ter and Clothes to his Ear, the running &s;topt, but not the Pain. A Phy&s;ician was called, and advi&s;ed <HI>Opium,</HI> upon which he &s;lept two hours, and when he waked, his Pain returned. At length, by my Advice, he took &s;ome Pills of <HI>Ex|tractum Rudii, &amp; Extractum Rhei,</HI> morning and evening four days one after another; he bore the working well, when I had removed the Pla&s;ters and Clothes, the Matter began to run plentifully. Then I gave him a gentle Purge of Powder of Jalap 1 &s;cruple, &s;harpened with 5 grains of its Re&s;in, and &s;o the Pati|ent recovered in three weeks. <HI>Another</HI> was troubled with a grievous pain in his Ears, his Head aked &s;o, he could not &s;leep all night, &s;carce knowing what he did. I advi&s;ed him to lay a&s;ide all externals (the former was my precedent) and pre&s;ent|ly to take the&s;e Pills; <HI>Take of Extract of Hellebor made with &s;pirit of Wine,</HI> 1 <HI>&s;cruple,</HI> Pill. Ruffi <HI>half a drachm, Re&s;in of Jalap</HI> 6 <HI>grains, mix them, make Pills for</HI> 2 <HI>do&s;es.</HI> The fir&s;t Do&s;e gave him four &s;tools, with &s;ome alleviation of his Pain. The next day he took the &s;econd Do&s;e: It gave him &s;ix &s;tools: After Noon his Ear began to run, and when it had continued running four|teen days, the Patient was well. &para; Another was tormented with &s;o grievous a Pain in his right Ear for five or &s;ix days, that he was ready to make him|&s;elf away: Many Topicks were applied without be|nefit: Three grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> were given him every night, upon which he &s;lept with &s;ome ea&s;e, the Pain returning when the Virtue of the Medicine was expired: After &s;ome days a Swelling aro&s;e be|hind the Ear, which being &s;carified, the Pain chang|ed its proper &s;eat, for it diverted from the Ear to the Loins, from thence to the Kidneys, and at length fixt in the left Knee: The Humour attenuated with Sudorificks, crept to the fle&s;hy &s;ub&s;tance of the Ear, from the Ear it pa&s;&s;ed to the Throat; Then matter ran out of the Ear, attended with Swoonings and Death.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Cnoffelius,</HI> m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;c. cur. anni, <HI>1676.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>83.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Therefore any one may gather from the Ca&s;es here related, that in this Ail outward Application does more harm than good, and that it is &s;afer to follow Nature's duct, and to purge what way &s;he inclines, than by Topicks to fix that, which &s;eems made for Volatility: Experience al&s;o te&s;tifies, that in &s;uch ca&s;es a Phy&s;ician may doe more in one day with inter|nal Specificks, that di&s;cu&s;s the matter, than with all Topical Repellents, which hinder the peccant matter, that, when it is di&s;po&s;ed to run out, it cannot obtain its end.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. Whether is Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>L.</HI> 3. <HI>Acut.</HI> 39.</NOTE> and <HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> to be a|voided? Vinegar &s;eems hurtfull, becau&s;e, if accor|ding to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> it cau&s;e very much Pain, it mu&s;t needs offend the Ears, tho&s;e Nervous and Bloudle&s;s parts, which are drier by far than the Womb. But <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <GAP DESC="foreign">. di&s;allows not Vinegar mixt with oil of Ro&s;es. <HI>Moderate Inflammations</HI> (he &s;aith) <HI>and &s;uch as do not beat, may be cured by &s;ome &s;uch means, as Vinegar and oil of Ro&s;es warmed, and well mixt.</HI> For Vinegar cools, repells, penetrates and &s;trengthens, by which
<PB N="40" REF="26"> means it defends the Part from vehement Inflam|mation. It is true, that by its acrimony it makes the Nervous parts &s;mart, therefore it mu&s;t not be poured into the Ears alone; but mixt with oil of Ro&s;es, and in a &s;mall quantity it becomes harmle&s;s; and &s;o when its edge is taken off, and its piercing virtue made dull, it mitigates the Pain, and brings down the fiercene&s;s of the Cholerick Humour. Be|&s;ides, Vinegar is not &s;o cold as it is reckoned, when, as <HI>Galen</HI> confe&s;&s;eth, it con&s;i&s;ts of contrary faculties, for, by putrefaction it acquires &s;ome Heat; and there|fore it is not &s;o a&s;tringent, nor &s;o cold, as either to prick the Nerves, or thicken and repell the Humours in the Ears.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;eth <HI>Opium</HI> to be poured into the Ears; and <HI>Paul</HI> and others di&s;&s;olve it in Milk: but if (quoth <HI>Avicenna</HI>) any hurt follow the u&s;e of Nar|coticks, give <HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> alone after it. Concerning this matter <HI>Faventinus</HI> &s;peaketh thus; And beware of Nar|cotick Medicines, le&s;t by their &s;tupefying Coldne&s;s they de&s;troy the In&s;trument of Hearing. Neverthe|le&s;s I would not neglect them, when I were cer|tain, that the Patient would die of the pain, if we gave him not a Narcotick: But becau&s;e the benefit in delivering the Patient from Death, is greater than the hurt he will receive from Deafne&s;s; for this rea&s;on we are allowed &s;ometime to give them. Some u&s;e To&s;ted <HI>Opium;</HI> but if this be never &s;o finely powdered, it will &s;ignifie little to ea&s;e the Pain. Again, whatever is dropt into the Ear, cannot get beyond the Tympane, but if they penetrate not, they can never affect the inner Parts, that are &s;o various, and at &s;uch di&s;tance:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schneiderus.</NOTE> <HI>Opium</HI> al&s;o is peculiarly an E|nemy to the Sen&s;e of Hearing.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hoff|mannus, <HI>m. m. p.</HI> 298.</NOTE>VIII. <HI>John&s;ton</HI> commends the juice of Crow|foot for the breaking of an Impo&s;thume in the Ear; but this &s;hould hardly be u&s;ed, becau&s;e it is &s;trong and corro&s;ive: But in&s;tead thereof we &s;hould u&s;e the juice of Hou&s;eleek with Woman's Milk.</P>
<P N="9">IX. When any extraneous thing is got into the Ear, the bu&s;ine&s;s mu&s;t not be wholly left to Nature; becau&s;e many dangerous Symptomes u&s;e to ari&s;e from the Suppuration of the&s;e parts: For &s;eeing the pa&s;&s;age of the Ear is endued with a mo&s;t exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e, the Humours, by rea&s;on of the vehement pain, may ea&s;ily flow thither, and &s;o break the Drum, whereupon Deafne&s;s follows. Sometime the Bone al&s;o, that is covered but with a very thin Mem|brane, becomes carious after &s;uch Suppuration. And &s;ometime after it a fle&s;hy, or &s;chirrous <HI>Fungus</HI> grows in the pa&s;&s;age of the Ear. Therefore we mu&s;t, with all diligence, get out whatever extraneous thing may come into the Ear.</P>
<P N="10">X. When by chance a Leech had crept into the pa&s;&s;age of a Man's Ear, <HI>Severinus</HI> poured &s;ome bloud on the out-part of the Ear, whereby the Leech was enticed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabric. Hil|danus.</NOTE> and left the Caverns of the Ear.</P>
<P N="11">XI. 1. Whatever Medicines are to be put into the Ears, they mu&s;t be warm, not very not, nor very cold;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> for, being void of bloud, they ea&s;ily incline to their natural temperament. 2. New Me|dicines mu&s;t not be put in, till the Ear be very well clean&s;ed from the filth of the former. 3. Three or four drops at a time are &s;ufficient. 4. After the Medicine is dropt into the Ear, the Patient mu&s;t lye on the contrary &s;ide. 5. What is put in mu&s;t not be unctuous, nor vi&s;cid, for &s;uch tnings, when they are got into the windings of the Ear, cannot well be got out again, and therefore Spirituous and Di|&s;tilled Medicines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> that are u&s;ed by way of Evapora|tion and Fume, are the mo&s;t proper. 6. Young Sur|geons &s;hould be admoni&s;hed, that in curing Di&s;ea|&s;es of the Ears, they &s;hould rather gently drop in &s;ome convenient Liquors, than violently force them in by a Syringe, le&s;t the Tympane be broke, and an incurable deafne&s;s do follow. 7. Topicks mu&s;t not be applied till Univer&s;als have been u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus Armam. <HI>Tab.</HI> 36. Fabric. Hil|dan. <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 1. <HI>Idem.</HI></NOTE> e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e be grievous, and the body abound with bad juices. 8. We mu&s;t have a care that the Medicine be not &s;harp; becau&s;e the Pa&s;&s;age of the Ear is very &s;en&s;ible.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The Ancients ab&s;tained from moi&s;t things, and &s;uch as were cold e&s;pecially. For <HI>Archigenes,</HI> when he was to u&s;e a Fomentation for the violent pain, u&s;es live Sulphur mixt with Water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubaeus <HI>in</HI> Cel&s;i, <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Sect.</HI> 3.</NOTE> <HI>Let the Spunges</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>be well wrung out, and applied to the Ears, for they are ea&s;ily made loo&s;e and lax by moi&s;ture.</HI> Therefore in <HI>Galen</HI> Vinegar is often mixt with Me|dicines for the Ears, at lea&s;t while they are boil|ing, not &s;o much for the &s;ake of penetration, but that they may dry the more. But <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;aith,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. <HI>Med. pract.</HI> 33.</NOTE> When we fear the pain will cau&s;e Convul&s;ion, we cannot excu&s;e our &s;elves from the u&s;e of Mollifi|ers. But to cau&s;e Suppuration, we mu&s;t not in the Ears u&s;e very moi&s;t things, as in Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es of other parts; becau&s;e the cold and dry tempera|ment of the Ear mu&s;t be pre&s;erved.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. You may draw any Liquor, or Matter from the bottom of the Ear, if you dip a Sponge in Betony Water, and &s;train it out well again, and then put it in the pa&s;&s;age of the Ear; and let the Patient lye on his &s;ick &s;ide;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabric. Hil|dan.</NOTE> for &s;o the Sponge will &s;oak up whatever is liquid; but the Sponge mu&s;t be often changed and wa&s;hed.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A Melancholick Per&s;on of about Fifty years of Age, was troubled for &s;ome weeks with a grievous tingling in his Ears, and was cured in a few days with a few drops of <HI>Spir. cephal. Anhalt.</HI> put into them with a little Cotton.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Thonerus,</HI> lib. <HI>2.</HI> Ob&s;. ult.</NOTE> I have found the effect of it in &s;trengthning the Brain, and di&s;|cu&s;&s;ing a Vaporous and flatulent Matter, far be|yond di&s;tilled Oils, which, by their exceeding heat, doe more hurt.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Pound &s;ome Galls, bind them in a Rag,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrus, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> boil them in Wine, and pour in &s;ome of the Wine hot; it gives pre&s;ent ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">2. I cured one who had a &s;ore Ear 8 years,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Wallaeus, <HI>Med. pr. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE> &s;o that all that time &s;ome purulent Matter ran out of the Ear, onely with <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. One that had an Impo&s;thume in his Ear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;t. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 7. <HI>l.</HI> 8.</NOTE> put into it Oil of bitter Almonds, mixt with Muci|lage of Lin&s;eed; whereupon Matter ran out in great quantity, and &s;o he recovered.</P>
<P N="4">4.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>J. Riolan.</HI> partic. m. m. p. m. <HI>135.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Marcellus</HI> his Experiment is not to be de&s;pi|&s;ed; Mix, &s;aith he, two ounces of Cows Milk with one ounce of Honey, pour &s;ome of it in pre&s;ently, &s;top the Ear with Wool, and although the Ulcer were Cancrous, it will wonderfully heal.</P>
<P N="5">5.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grato. <HI>con&s;. l.</HI> 6. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 44.</NOTE> An excellent old Medicine for the Tingling of the Ears; Take of white Hellebore, Ca&s;tor, each 2 drachms, <HI>Co&s;tus</HI> 1 drachm and a half, Rue 2 &s;cru|ples, bitter Almonds 1 ounce, <HI>Euphorbium</HI> half a drachm; boil them all for an hour on a gen|tle fire, &s;train it, and drop it warm into the Ears.</P>
<P N="6">6. Nitre di&s;&s;olved in &s;trong Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. J. Fabr. <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 34.</NOTE> and often dropped into the Ears, quickly cures any noi&s;e in them.</P>
<P N="7">7.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> The &s;team of Vinegar with the Gall of an Ox, and the Gall of a Goat with juice of Onion, are found good by Experience for a Noi&s;e in the Ears.</P>
<P N="8">8. Worms will fall out by this means;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnoldus Villanovan. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 35.</NOTE> Mix Hen|bane-&s;eeds with a little Wax, ca&s;t it on burning Coals, and let the Patient, by a Funnel, receive
<PB N="41" REF="26"> the Fume into his Ear: Hold a Ba&s;on of Water un|derneath, and you will certainly &s;ee the Worms fall into the Water.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrus, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE>9. Juice of Shepherds Rod, and Pellitory of the Wall, with a little Black Hellebore pre&s;ently kills the Worms.</P>
<P N="10">10. <HI>Arculanus in lib.</HI> 9. <HI>Rha&s;is,</HI> &s;aith thus; This is a tried Remedy to draw out any thing that is got into the Ears; let a live Liz<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rd, or one but newly dead, be applied with his head to the Ear, and bound there for three hours, you will find the thing, whatever it be, &s;ticking to the Lizard's head, when you remove it; and this is good to draw out any thing el&s;e.</P>
<P N="11">11.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> A little Ball of Dogs Hair put into the Ear, is good to draw a Flea out of the Ear; for the Flea will pre&s;ently creep into the Hair, out of Sympathy which it hath with Dogs.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="book">
<PB N="42" REF="27">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK II. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> B.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Balbuties,</HI> or Stuttering.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Stutterers mu&s;t have their exce&s;&s;ive moi&s;ture purged cautious|ly. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All do not faulter becau&s;e of the exce&s;&s;ive moi&s;ture of their Brain. <HI>II.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Medicine.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOME Stutterers have their Tongue weakned through the moi&s;t intempera|ture of the whole body, or of the Brain. And they that have a moi&s;t Tongue are for the mo&s;t part loo&s;e, the &s;ame Mem|brane being a coat both to the Stomach and to the Tongue.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mm. in a|phor. <HI>32.</HI> Sect. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> For this rea&s;on, when the Tongue trips, it portends a <HI>Diarrhoea:</HI> as if <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> had &s;aid, <HI>Such bodies &s;hould be purged with caution, le&s;t they be ca&s;t into a Loo&s;ne&s;s.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The di&s;affection of Li&s;pers con&s;i&s;ts in Confor|mation, and not at all in Intemperature: for in the middle region of the Palate, <HI>i. e.</HI> in the fourth bone of the upper Jaw, in all per&s;ons that I have hither|to &s;een, who could not pronounce the Letter <HI>R,</HI> there are two holes, which are nothing &s;o open and obvious, as in them that do not Li&s;p. Therefore tho&s;e two pa&s;&s;ages are the immediate Cau&s;e, and the Di&s;ea&s;e will be in Conformation.</P>
<P>&para; In like manner we ob&s;erve the holes near the Teeth (yet by all &s;uch &s;o brought into the World with them&s;elves) to be greater, through which the Phlegm trickling and moi&s;tning the tip of the Tongue cau&s;eth faultering, whereupon Men become Stam|merers, and half Tongued. Nor therefore mu&s;t we &s;ay, that Men are Stammerers by rea&s;on of a Phleg|matick Head, or a moi&s;t Intemperature of Brain: For there is no Intemperature &s;o dry, but &s;o much Phlegm may be gathered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius, <HI>Meth. lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 9.</NOTE> as falling on that part may moi&s;ten the Tongue, and make Men Stam|mer.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>A Medicine e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by an eminent Phy&s;ician.</HEAD>
<P>Let the Mouth be often wa&s;hed with Spirit of Black Cherries;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Fa|ber. <HI>univ. &s;apientiae, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 14.</NOTE> for it greatly &s;trengthens the Mu&s;|cle of the Tongue, and the innate fixt Spirits of tho&s;e Parts allotted to Speech.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Brachiorum affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Arms.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Pain of the Arm cured with an ea&s;ie Medicine. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Swelling cured, which came upon letting an impure Body bloud. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it &s;hrunk. <HI>III.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Gold&s;mith, who was Scorbutick, was troubled with a violent cutting Pain in his right Arm, &s;o that he could neither eat nor &s;leep. I pre&s;cribed divers things to no purpo&s;e, at la&s;t the following Bag took the Pain quite away. Take of Grommel not excorticated 3 handfulls, of common Salt one handfull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Got. Chri&s;t. Winclerus, <HI>Mi&s;c. curio&s;. an.</HI> 96. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 94.</NOTE> of Chamaemil Flowers and Wormwood each 1 handfull, of Bran 2 hand|fulls; heat them upon a Tile, put them in a Bag, and apply them hot.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="43" REF="27">II. A Man above Fifty years old, who was caco|chymick, and &s;ubject to great ob&s;tructions in his Bowels, had, without either Purging his Body, or advi&s;ing with a Phy&s;ician, and when he had no oc|ca&s;ion to bleed, got him&s;elf let bloud in the Cepha|lick of the right Arm, the next day he had &s;ome &s;mall pain about the place of inci&s;ion, which gra|dually encrea&s;ing, and growing more violent, a great afflux of &s;erous Humours did follow. When I was called, I found his whole Arm incredibly &s;welled, from his &s;houlder to his fingers ends; there was an Inflammation with Pu&s;tules, as in a pu&s;tu|lous Ring-worm, out of which a &s;erous and &s;harp Humour ran in abundance; he was re&s;tle&s;s, his &s;to|mach and &s;trength were gone, he was in a Fever, and in much pain, and that not without fear of a Gangrene. Notwith&s;tanding I undertook the Cure in this manner; When I had put him in a right cour&s;e of Diet, I gave him a &s;tool (for he was co|&s;tive) with a Suppo&s;itory: After Supper I gave him a little <HI>Laudanum,</HI> with Cinnamon Water, and <HI>Confectio Alkermes:</HI> The day following I gave him an Infu&s;ion of Rhubarb, Agarick and <HI>Senna,</HI> with a few drachms of <HI>Elect. Diacarth.</HI> But that Potion &s;carce wrought at all; the next day therefore I gave him a drachm of <HI>Pil. Coch. &amp; de Hermodactyl.</HI> with a few grains of Tro|chi&s;chs of <HI>Alhandal &amp; Diagrydium:</HI> I applied to his Arm things to a&s;&s;wage the Pain, maintain the native heat, con&s;ume excrementitious Humours, and to re&s;i&s;t Pu|trefaction: Then I made u&s;e of an opening Apozeme for &s;everal days, and when at &s;et times I had purg|ed him with our lenitive Phlegmagogue, and with Hydrogogues, he was perfectly re&s;tored. Hence it ap|pears, how dangerous it is to move any thing in bodies that are impure and full of ill Humours: Wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> was in the right, that Wounds &s;hould be judged dangerous, not onely for the Ex|cellence of the Part affected, or for their great|ne&s;s; but for the impurity and cacochymy of the Patient: for we often &s;ee mo&s;t grievous and dead|ly Di&s;ea&s;es do ari&s;e from the lea&s;t wound, nay, from a little worm; while the Humours flow from the whole body to the part that is hurt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabricius Hildanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 71.</NOTE> as to their common &s;ink, and &s;o de&s;troy the innate heat of that part, and excite various &s;ymptomes.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Per&s;on of Quality about five and forty years old had his Arm &s;hrunk; He took an Extract of <HI>Grana Acanthalidis,</HI> and Pulp of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> for fifteen days, by means whereof the Humours that were gathered there, were di&s;&s;olved and expelled; In the mean time the part was outwardly fomented with this D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">coction;<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Poterius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>curat.</HI> 79.</NOTE> Take of Mallows, Violets, Cala|mint, Chamaemil, Melilot, each 1 handfull; Let them be boiled with a Neats-foot in Water and Wine.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A certain per&s;on, when he had anointed his Arm that aked, with the Juice of the Root of De|vil's-bit, was pre&s;ently ea&s;ed of his pain. &para; Some who have had violent pain in their <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Fore&s;t. <HI>l.</HI> 29. <HI>ob&s;</HI> 28.</NOTE> e&s;pe|cially at night, have reaped much benefit from the Oil of Earth-worms, and of a Fox. You may fir&s;t apply <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> after that Fox Oil alone, and la&s;t of all you may anoint with Dogs-grea&s;e as hot as you can by the fire.</P>
<P N="2">2. I have often experienced this Pla&s;ter to doe a great deal of good; Take of pure Gumm <HI>Caranna</HI> 1 ounce and an half, of <HI>Tacamahac</HI> 3 ounces, of <HI>Ammo|niac</HI> and <HI>Galbanum</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bal. ha&s;. Ti|maeus, <HI>Ep. Med. l.</HI> 5. <HI>Ep.</HI> 13.</NOTE> each half an ounce; <HI>Bdellium</HI> 6 drachms, yellow Amber 1 ounce, Ma&s;tick, Frankincen&s;e, each half an ounce; Turpen|tine and Wax each what is &s;ufficient. Spread it on Leather, and apply it to the part grieved. It mu&s;t be u&s;ed for three weeks or a month.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Bronchocele,</HI> or the Throat-Rupture.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It hath not one onely Cau&s;e, nor Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cea&s;ing, when the Swelling broke of it &s;elf. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Application of an actual Cautery. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed in cutting of it out. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Medicines prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Inci&s;i|on, or a Seton. <HI>V.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines. (See <HI>Strumae.</HI>)</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>CEl&s;us</HI> defines <HI>Bronchocele</HI> to be, <HI>A Swelling in the neck, betwixt the skin and the</HI> A&s;pera Arteria, <HI>wherein &s;ometimes dull fle&s;h, &s;ometimes &s;ome Humour-like Water or Honey is contained. Platerus</HI> makes the cau&s;e to be Wind breaking in under the skin, and the general Membrane under, and adhering to the skin, in the forepart of the neck: But the cau&s;e of that A&euml;rial Collection he makes to be the loo&s;ening or &s;epara|tion of the skin with its Membrane (which is thicker and redder in that place than el&s;ewhere) from the &s;eat of the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> and fore-Mu&s;cles of the Neck, into which &s;pace, when made, the Air or Wind, to avoid a <HI>vacuum,</HI> breaks in, and not one|ly by filling it rai&s;es the skin and Membrane into a Tumour, but by continuance di&s;tending it, much en|crea&s;eth it, whence it is rightly called <HI>Bronchocele,</HI> as if it were a Rupture of the Throat: And he makes the cau&s;e of the &s;eparation of the Membranes to be violent &s;training, either in going to &s;tool, or in la|bour in Women. There is truth in both opinions, although <HI>Sennertus</HI> thinks it &s;carce probable, that Wind alone can procure &s;o la&s;ting an evil. &para; I &s;aw an example of the fir&s;t kind, <HI>Anno</HI> 1660. in my own Maid, <HI>Petronella Definod,</HI> a faithfull &s;ervant, who died of a Con&s;umption and Drop&s;ie in her Brea&s;t and Belly: In the proce&s;s of her Di&s;ea&s;e &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e had a huge Throat-Rupture, which had disfigured her Neck for ten years: I ordered the Swelling to be opened with a Razor; there was underneath glandulous fle&s;h, &s;wimming in great &s;tore of purulent Matter, which had flowed thither from the Brea&s;t and Lungs. &para; I had an example of the latter kind in a noble Matron, who, upon her &s;training in Travel, and holding her Breath, contracted that Ail on a &s;udden: She went with it two years, but at length it di&s;per&s;ed of it &s;elf, without any Medicines or remainder of it behind. &para; That driers may pro|perly be pre&s;cribed for this Di&s;ea&s;e, the example of a Small-coal-man in <HI>Geneva</HI> doth &s;hew, who&s;e Neck was be&s;et with one of the&s;e Swellings as big as his head: but by his continual &s;tirring in, and carrying of Coals, and by in&s;piration of the Du&s;t, he obtained a perfect Cure; and, at this very time, his Dewlaps hang at his Neck, as upon an Ox. <HI>Arnoldus de Villa nova</HI> his Powder is very Efficacious, and de&s;erves commendation, while the Di&s;ea&s;e is new; Take of Sea-Spunge, <HI>Pila marina,</HI> Pepper long and black, Ginger, Cinnamon, <HI>Sal</HI> Gem, Pellitory of Spain, Galls, Sponges, <HI>Bedegar,</HI> each 1 drachm, pound them all together, except the Sea Sponge, which mu&s;t be burnt, and its a&s;hes mixt with the re&s;t, and &s;ier|ced; let him hold a little of this frequently in his mouth, both night and day, he may take a little of it often in a day. &para; Among&s;t topical Medicines this of <HI>Aetius</HI> di&s;cu&s;&s;eth, which hath, Of Quick-lime, Gum-Ammoniac, <HI>Bdellium,</HI> Shells burnt in an Oven, Verdi|greece, live Sulphur, each alike quantities, mix them up with Vinegar, and then make them up with Sew|et, or Turpentine, and apply it. &para; Al&s;o <HI>&V;nguentum Vale&s;ci</HI> is good; <HI>Take of</HI> Euphorbium 1 <HI>ounce, Sulphur, Sandarach, each half an ounce, Wax and Oil as much as is &s;ufficient. Make it into an &V;nguent,</HI> with which anoint the Neck, and apply the Pla&s;ter above pre&s;cribed: For (&s;aith he) in good ones of a years &s;tanding, we wrought by way of Re&s;olution, as we &s;aid but
<PB N="44" REF="28"> now, and thereby we had honour, and obtained benefit.</P>
<P N="2">II. One called <HI>Blandin</HI> had his neck wonderfully &s;welled with the Throat-Rupture; upon it there grew a painfull Tubercle, which being brought to Suppuration by <HI>Steven Dentand,</HI> a skilfull Surgeon of <HI>Geneva,</HI> and it running good matter for &s;everal days, the Swelling wholly fell, without a Relap&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Collier importunately dunned a Smith as he was turning a hot &s;harp Iron on his Anvil, for Money for a &s;ack of Coals which he had bought of him. The Smith being earne&s;t at his work, after &s;e|veral threatnings, if he gave him any farther di|&s;turbance, told him, he would run his Iron into his &s;wollen Throat. Notwith&s;tanding the Collier ur|ges him, whereupon the Smith enraged, runs the red-hot Iron through his Swelling. The Collier drops, and the Smith &s;ecures him&s;elf by his heels; but the Collier being carefully looked after, reco|vered both of his Burning and Swelling.</P>
<P N="4">IV. We may que&s;tion whether the matter of the Throat-Rupture be contained between the broad Mu&s;cle and the skin, or lye hid under the broad Mu&s;cle; for the matter gathered here cannot be got out, becau&s;e in&s;inuated into the Spaces of the Mu&s;cles: If it lye without, it may be cured and rooted out: It u&s;es to begin from Wind, that di&s;tends and &s;eparates the skin from the fle&s;hy Mem|brane,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ir. p.</HI> 304.</NOTE> or the broad Mu&s;cle it &s;elf is &s;eparated from the parts under it.</P>
<P N="5">V. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e will not give way to Me|dicines (among which <HI>Aetius</HI> commends <HI>Bdellium</HI> mixt with Honey; and Quick-lime mixt with Hog's Lard; Goat's dung di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar; Ly well mixt with Honey, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) by <HI>Rogerius</HI> his Coun&s;el, two Setons are to be applied, that the Humour may by degrees run out, and what remains, mu&s;t, by little and little be con&s;umed with eroding Medicines, as with Powder of Affodils, and the like. In fine, if it be not implicated with the Veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmaeteus, <HI>p. m.</HI> 119.</NOTE> Arteries and Nerves, it mu&s;t, with its Bladder, be taken out by Inci&s;ion, as we have &s;aid of the Glands, and as we have done three or four times. &para; But if it is not cured by the&s;e things, nor di&s;&s;olved, then we mu&s;t come to putre|factive and eating Medicines: For, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aith, 14 <HI>Artis parvae. The Cure of the Throat-Rupture is perform|ed either by di&s;&s;olvers, putrefiers, or by Surgery, namely the Knife.</HI> And it is &s;aid there, that becau&s;e Putrefi|ers and Corro&s;ives are a long time in working, are trouble&s;ome to the parts, and e&s;pecially torment the weak; Therefore it is good to cut them as far as the skin, and (if it can be done) to draw them out bag and all, and if any of the Bag remain, then to apply Corro&s;ives <HI>(Butter of Antimony is excellent for this purpo&s;e)</HI> and Putrefiers, afterwards Mundifiers, Sarcoticks, and things to heal the Wound mu&s;t be applied: But the skin, with the adjoyning Coat, is eaten away by Cau&s;ticks, which being done, if it be an Humour it runs out, if any thing thicker, it is drawn out with the fingers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vale&s;cus.</NOTE> then the Sore is healed with Lintments. &para; But this Cure is half Chirur|gical, and threatens danger of a <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI> But the Cure which is performed by Surgery, by drawing out the Matter contained in the Tumour by Inci&s;i|on, is &s;horter, but more difficult, and rarely hath a good i&s;&s;ue: But <HI>Rogerius</HI> bids two Setons be made with a red hot Iron,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fore&s;t.</HI> Ob&s;. Chirurg. l. <HI>3.</HI> Ob&s;. ult.</NOTE> one length-way of the Swelling, the other a-cro&s;s, and that they be removed twice a day, till all the Matter be got out. But this &s;eems rather to have place (according to <HI>Vale&s;cus</HI>) when &s;ome Watri&s;h Matter is contained in a Bag, or &s;ome other Phlegmatick Matter which can run. &para; I &s;aw, <HI>Anno</HI> 1663. a Throat-Rupture, which threatned Suf|focation by its bulk, through compre&s;&s;ion, and &s;trait|ning the Wind-pipe of Captain <HI>Rolin's</HI> Wife, a <HI>Newen-burger,</HI> dimini&s;hed by help of a Seton, which I advi|&s;ed to be made in the lower part of her Swelling.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Bubo,</HI> or a Swelling of the Glands in the Groin or Armpit.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Dige&s;ters &s;hould be &s;trong. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Maturation better than Dige&s;tion. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of curing a pe&s;tilent one. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Ointment is dangerous. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Di&s;per&s;ing or opening is not nece&s;&s;ary in every one. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;afe Method of Cure. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Venereal one, whether, and what Vein &s;houl'd be brea|thed. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be cured by Suppuration, and not by Di&s;per&s;ing. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be opened in time. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Empla&s;trum de Vigo cum Mercurio</HI> is hurtfull. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Defen&s;atives mu&s;t be made u&s;e of about a malignant one. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a &s;imple one may be di&s;tingui&s;hed from one malignant. <HI>XII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that what Dige&s;ters we u&s;e, mu&s;t be &s;tronger than in other In|flammations, &s;eeing the Glands are colder, and more ignoble parts, and have no exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">II. If the Tumour dige&s;t not, it mu&s;t be turned in|to <HI>Pus,</HI> and the <HI>Bubo</HI> mu&s;t be ripened; which is gene|rally the &s;afe&s;t way: For except this be done, as I have often ob&s;erved, after a little time a new <HI>Bubo</HI> u&s;ually ri&s;es, either in the &s;ame,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> or in &s;ome other part.</P>
<P N="3">III. The Phy&s;icians of <HI>Zurich</HI> in <HI>Switzerland</HI> publi&s;h|ed a Book <HI>of the Plague,</HI> wherein they propo&s;e a way to cure a pe&s;tilent <HI>Bubo</HI> never till then in u&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> to take up the skin under the <HI>Bubo</HI> with a pair of Nip|pers, or with ones fingers, run a red hot Needle through it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 30.</NOTE> and put &s;ome root of black Hellebore in the hole. I had rather make the hole with a good cutting Needle, than with one red hot.</P>
<P N="4">IV. There are &s;ome that anoint their Body with Ointment of Quick&s;ilver, not knowing, that it being cold and moi&s;t, mu&s;t drive back calamitous infection of the Venome with the Humours, and bring death to the infected Inwards, as I have ob&s;erved hath hap|pened in &s;everal. <HI>Sigonius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Palmarius,</HI> de feb. pe|&s;til. c. <HI>24.</HI></NOTE> D. M. u&s;ing this Remedy for him&s;elf, to dige&s;t a pe&s;tilent <HI>Bubo</HI> in his Groin, pre&s;ently perceived his &s;trength to fail, and &s;hortly, as his <HI>Bubo</HI> di&s;appeared, he died.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some pe&s;tilent <HI>Buboes,</HI> when they would yield to no Remedies, at la&s;t we left them to Nature, e&s;|pecially &s;eeing they created the Patients no trouble in their walking, nor pain, nor indangered life. Nor indeed do I think it nece&s;&s;ary to open all &s;uch Tu|mours, &s;eeing Nature, in a long tract of time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;ti|us, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 33. <HI>l.</HI> 7.</NOTE> can be&s;t dige&s;t them: When, on the contrary, the hazard of an incurable Ulcer may be run by un&s;ea&s;onable and violent opening: Yet the&s;e things &s;hould be mana|ged with great judgment, as the nature of the thing &s;hall require.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Pe&s;tilential <HI>Buboes</HI> &s;hould, if po&s;&s;ible, be di&s;|cu&s;&s;ed, and if they cannot be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, they mu&s;t be brought to ripening and &s;uppuration. Now the cure is to be performed by the &s;ame Medicines, wherewith the Swellings of the conglobated Glands are u&s;ually cured, always with re&s;pect to the pe&s;ti|lent poi&s;on, for who&s;e &s;ake Treacle, Mithridate and the like, which are good for it, ought ever to be added to other things. To this purpo&s;e di&s;tilled Oil of Hart&s;horn, and other things, con&s;i&s;ting of a volatile oily Salt, may be mixt with common Medi|cines. I have ob&s;erved that <HI>&V;nguentum Martiatum</HI> mixt with Treacle, is excellent for di&s;per&s;ing, and that <HI>Empla&s;t. Diachyl. cum Gummi,</HI> promotes Suppuration. Un|le&s;s the violence of the Pain be urgent, I would not precipitately u&s;e Scarification of the <HI>Buboes,</HI> much le&s;s Bli&s;tering and Cupping: But when the <HI>Buboes</HI> are great and burning, and the Patients &s;trength firm, I could allow Cupping and Scarifying, but never
<PB N="45" REF="28"> Bli&s;tering, from which I could never yet apprehend what good could be expected, or did ever follow: For the pain which is then increa&s;ed, together with the great heat, and a kind of <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> can doe the Patients no good, who are already &s;ufficiently weak|ned with the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e. But by gen|tle Medicines, outwardly applied, the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humour is qualified, when there is any in the <HI>Buboes,</HI> the Cure at lea&s;t is promoted by degrees, if &s;o be that things convenient inwardly be not neg|lected, by which the Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, as well as Suppu|ration of the <HI>Buboes</HI> may not a little be promoted: As &s;oon as the <HI>Buboes</HI> are &s;uppurated, the opening of them mu&s;t be ha&s;tened, either with a Penknife, or &s;ome breaking Medicine, though I prefer a Pen|knife;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Syl|vius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;, <HI>Appen. ad Prax. Tract.</HI> 2. <HI>Sect.</HI> 677.</NOTE> after the <HI>Bubo</HI> was opened, I have put in, with good &s;ucce&s;s, <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris Terebinthinatus &amp; Ani&s;a|tus,</HI> with <HI>&V;nguent. Ba&s;ilicon,</HI> and Treacle: for by this means I quickly clean&s;ed the Ulcer: Moreover, by means of this &s;ame Bal&s;am it heals up more happily and quickly, if you apply but a little <HI>Empla&s;t. Diapompho|lig.</HI> or &s;ome &s;uch like to ha&s;ten the Cicatrice. &para; I u&s;e to treat a Pe&s;tilential <HI>Bubo</HI> in the manner fol|lowing; At the very fir&s;t I clap on a Ve&s;icatory, although the Tumour be of no con&s;iderable bigne&s;s, and neglect Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, which I therefore re|ject, becau&s;e they cau&s;e pain and a Fever, draw out the good Humours as well as the bad, and do yet alter the whole bloud more: Within 7 or 8 hours I cut the Bli&s;ter, and apply <HI>Empla&s;trum magneticum ar&s;e|nicale:</HI> Certainly its virtue is &s;uch in this ca&s;e, that I know not a more noble Medicine, as will appear to any one that u&s;es it: The De&s;cription of it is in <HI>Hartman.</HI> I have experienced the&s;e good qualities in it, that if it be applied to a hard skin, it produ|ces not the lea&s;t E&s;char, and in the mean time draws out the Malignant Humours &s;o egregiou&s;ly, that a <HI>Bubo,</HI> as big as a Walnut, is taken away in four or five days time: But this does not always &s;ucceed &s;o quickly, and this is the rea&s;on why a Bli&s;ter mu&s;t be fir&s;t drawn, that the Humours may the &s;ooner be eva|cuated. Nay, in robu&s;t Bodies it will produce no E&s;char, unle&s;s by help of a Ve&s;icatory, not onely the Cuticle, but &s;ome part of the skin al&s;o be fir&s;t corrod|ed: But in children, and more tender bodies, it is able to rai&s;e a Scab of it &s;elf, without any bli&s;tering premi&s;ed. This Scab is the true &s;eat of the extract|ed Poi&s;on, wherefore it is found pretty thick, and the skin onely &s;uperficially corroded, which is a thing truly worth con&s;ideration: For this, as I think, is the rea&s;on, why this is &s;ooner &s;eparated than any other Scabs rai&s;ed by Art; for in 24 or 36 hours it hath fallen off, by the help onely of a <HI>Spatula,</HI> with|out any precedent Scarification. It may be taken away without any, or but a very little pain, if to your Antipe&s;tilential Pla&s;ter, whatever you u&s;e, you add a little <HI>&V;nguent. Ba&s;ilic.</HI> or Treacle. Other|wi&s;e this Unguent excellently promotes the falling of the E&s;char. <HI>Take of Virgin Honey, Ducks grea&s;e, each</HI> 1 <HI>ounce, Soot</HI> 6 <HI>drachms,</HI> Stratsburg <HI>Turpentine</HI> 1 <HI>ounce, Yelks of Eggs</HI> N^o ij. <HI>Treacle</HI> 3 <HI>drachms, Oil of Scorpions what is &s;uf|ficient. Mix them and make an &V;nguent.</HI> But if when the fir&s;t Scab is fallen, the Tumour be not &s;ufficient|ly abated, you may rai&s;e a &s;econd and a third with <HI>Empla&s;trum Magneticum Ar&s;enicale,</HI> and then proceed as you did before. You may heal up the Ulcer with <HI>Empla&s;trum de Minio,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette,</HI> Tract. de Pe|&s;te. p. m. <HI>191.</HI></NOTE> or &s;ome other drying and cica|trizing Pla&s;ter; but do not make too much ha&s;te to heal it, le&s;t the Poi&s;onous Humour &s;till remaining in the Body &s;hould cau&s;e a new Di&s;ea&s;e, or Death at la&s;t.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If there be a Venereal <HI>Bubo</HI> in the groin, you mu&s;t not bleed in the Arm; For there would be danger, le&s;t the morbifick matter &s;hould be drawn upwards. I have known &s;ome, who ju&s;t upon the appearing of the <HI>Bubo,</HI> after letting of bloud and Purging, have fallen into a &s;tubborn Pox, if not per|petual. But if the <HI>Bubo</HI> give no hope of Suppuration, and &s;everal days have pa&s;t, and the Pain and Swel|ling do not encrea&s;e, then you may &s;afely let bloud below; for the matter is drawn downwards, and by the approach of hotter bloud to the <HI>Bubo,</HI> &s;ome|times it is ea&s;ily &s;uppurated. But when you have u&s;ed Suppuraters a long time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphanius Ferdin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>hi&s;tor.</HI> 17.</NOTE> if the thing &s;ucceed not according to your de&s;ire, then you may freely breathe a Vein in the Arm.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In the &s;ame, &s;ince the Humours want vio|lence of motion, there is no nece&s;&s;ity of Revul&s;ion, but it is rather better to draw all the Humour to the place affected, as in pe&s;tilential ones, that all the force of the poi&s;on may expire by the <HI>Bubo:</HI> for when it is otherwi&s;e, more grievous Symptomes and Difea&s;es &s;pring up. Which is the rea&s;on that I have always per&s;waded my &s;elf, they are in a grievous errour who try to di&s;&s;olve them; for although it be a &s;afer way of evacuation, yet in this ca&s;e it is the cau&s;e of much mi&s;chief; &s;eeing, in di&s;&s;olving them, that matter onely vani&s;heth, which is contained within the <HI>Bubo.</HI> Whence it comes to pa&s;s, when nothing of the peccant matter in the whole body, and e&s;pecially in the parts about the Liver, and in the Liver it &s;elf, is dimini&s;hed (as is u&s;ual in &s;uppurated <HI>Buboes,</HI> by which the matter of the whole body runs out, and is purged away, &s;o that then the Body is more purified) that the mat|ter left within cau&s;eth falling of the hair, Pu&s;tules,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercatus.</HI> de indicat. Med l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> Sore heads, and grievous Pains. For which rea&s;on I reckon it mo&s;t advi&s;able to endeavour &s;uppuration in all the&s;e, as a pre&s;ent remedy for this wor&s;t of Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Buboes</HI> that are cau&s;ed by thick, tough and cold Humours, are ripened with difficulty, and require a long time to cure: For &s;ometimes when Nature is not &s;trong enough to drive &s;uch matter to the out|er skin, it remains between the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> and the Mu&s;cles, hence it continually &s;ends Vapours to the Liver, &s;ometimes it cau&s;es large <HI>Sinus's,</HI> and divers &s;ymptomes, for the matter polluted with this In|fection returns to the Liver, and infects the ma&s;s of Bloud, and other parts. &para; A certain per&s;on had a <HI>Bubo</HI> in his right groin, who deferred opening of it, till the malignant matter fell upon the fourth and bigge&s;t Nerve of all that move the Hip; where|upon there was violent and continual pain in the Hip, attended with Convul&s;ions, a continual Fever, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> after that there was great Leanne&s;s and Weak|ne&s;s. Many things both inward and outward were tried, but in vain; for the <HI>Bubo</HI> did &s;carce ap|pear outwardly, onely the Groin was hard; there was no pain almo&s;t; for the violence of that in the Hip had &s;tunned it. At la&s;t the <HI>Bubo</HI> was broken by help of a Cau&s;tick, out of which, in &s;ix or &s;even days time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 65.</NOTE> there ran above Ten pounds of Mat|ter: And he difficultly e&s;caped by help of the <HI>Pep|per Bath.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. They that u&s;e <HI>Empla&s;t. de Ranis cum Mercurio,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette,</HI> tract. de pe|&s;te.</NOTE> are mo&s;t impudent and audacious A&s;&s;es in this Art, for they drive the Venome inwards, and greatly indan|ger their Patient, as both Writers and Experience do clearly inform us.</P>
<P N="11">XI. If there be &s;u&s;picion of a Malignant <HI>Bubo</HI> from its green colour, or blackne&s;s and inflammati|on, &s;uch as come of Melancholy turn'd into black, thick and rebellious choler, &s;o that from its more plentifull influx into the part, there be danger of a Gangrene and Mortification;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 21. <HI>c.</HI> 31.</NOTE> then the places round about the Ab&s;ce&s;s mu&s;t be defended with Repellers, but the Ab&s;ce&s;s it &s;elf not at all.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Buboes,</HI> as they ri&s;e from bloud, &s;tagnating in the conglobated Glands, and tending to Inflam|mation, &s;o as a &s;aline or acid Acrimony is joyned with the bloud, they &s;hew their peculiar malignity. From Phlegm joined with the bloud <HI>Buboes</HI> ri&s;e more Oedematous; from common Bile, more like an <HI>Ery|&s;ipelas;</HI> but from an au&s;tere humour more hard and &s;chirrous: from a corroding Acrimony malignant
<PB N="46" REF="29"> ones; which Acrimony notwith&s;tanding is often al|layed, both by the bloud it &s;elf, and by Phlegm mixt with it; wherefore the malignity and Acri|mony can &s;eldom be deduced from the <HI>Buboes</HI> alone, but from other Symptomes u&s;ually accompanying them, and in the Plague indeed from Carbuncles and black Spots; but in the Pox, from the <HI>Gonorrboea,</HI> cancrous Ulcers of the Genitals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Therefore <HI>Bu|boes</HI> alone, &s;ince they never are the diagno&s;tick &s;igns of a Pox alone, neither from them alone can its E&s;&s;ence be derived, but from other Symptomes ac|companying them. Except &s;ome will have Venere|al <HI>Buboes</HI> not to be extended length-ways the thigh, but athwart, and that they re&s;emble the Site of the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els, as &s;ome do teach, in which thing notwith&s;tanding I think they pronounce more out of prejudice, than from accurate ob&s;ervation, while they imagine that different Glands are affect|ed in the Plague,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sylvius.</HI> Ap|pend. ad Prax. m. Tract. <HI>3.</HI> Sect. <HI>133.</HI></NOTE> and in the Pox: except may be it happen, that &s;eeing there are many Glands a|bout the Groin, in the Pox tho&s;e e&s;pecially be af|fected, that are nearer the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els, whether the <HI>Praeparantia,</HI> or the <HI>Deferentia</HI> are: Af|terwards the Poi&s;on ri&s;es through them, and in&s;inu|ates it &s;elf partly into the whole ma&s;s of bloud, and partly into the parts adjoyning, and &s;o into the Glands them&s;elves, and infects them.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. Agrico|la</HI> commen|tar. in <HI>Pop|pium.</HI> tr. de Sul|phur. p. m. <HI>410. Ger. Bla&s;ii</HI> Med. uni|ver&s;. thera|peut. &s;pecial. de bubone, Sect. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>3. Seba&s;t. Cor|rilio,</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>5. Gul. Fabri|cius,</HI> ob&s;. chir. cent. <HI>6.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>98.</HI></NOTE>1. Bal&s;am of Sulphur is an excellent Remedy for <HI>Buboes.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Empla&s;tr. dia Sulphur. Rulandi,</HI> is highly commend|ed for promoting of Suppuration.</P>
<P N="3">3. In a cold <HI>Bubo</HI> I u&s;e this Pla&s;ter among my Se|crets; Take of Lin&s;eed Meal 2 pounds, of old Chee&s;e ma&s;hed 1 pound, mix them, let them boil in a &s;uffi|cient quantity of the Decoction of the bones of an Hog's Legs, make a Pla&s;ter and apply it.</P>
<P N="4">4. I have often found the benefit of a Ve&s;icatory of <HI>Cantharides</HI> in a pe&s;tilential <HI>Bubo,</HI> for it draws the Poi&s;on to the out-parts. Take of Sowre Leven 1 ounce, <HI>Cantharides</HI> finely powdered N^o xx. Trea|cle, Mithridate, each 1 &s;cruple. Mix them, make a Catapla&s;m, and apply it four or five inches be|low the <HI>Bubo.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. If a Sapphire be lei&s;urely drawn round a pe|&s;tilential <HI>Bubo,</HI> drawing it round again&s;t the Sun or the Light, then there will be a black Circle, by which the Poi&s;on exhales forth.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fr. O&s;waldae Grem.</HI> ar|bor. in egr. &amp; ruines. ho|minis. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> And they u&s;e to bind it on, and draw it about for half a quarter of an hour, then it &s;uffers not the Poi&s;on to &s;pread beyond the Circle, but it grows black round it, and being dried to an E&s;char it will fall off.</P>
<P N="6">6. A certain Phy&s;ician applied this thing follow|ing with great &s;ucce&s;s to get out the Poi&s;on. Take of <HI>Diachyl. compo&s;.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sam. Hafen|reffer.</HI> no&s;od. de cut. af|fect. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> 1 ounce and an half, of ro&s;ted Oni|ons, ro&s;ted Garlick, each 2 ounces; Figs, N^o xx. Le|ven, Mu&s;tard-&s;eed, each half an ounce, root of Mal|low, Mar&s;h-mallow each 1 ounce, <HI>Galbanum,</HI> Gumm Ammoniack di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar, each 3 drachms, Ointment of Mar&s;h-mallows 1 ounce and an half. Mix them.</P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Bal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ha&s;. Ti|m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>ca&s;. M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. l.</HI> 5. <HI>ca&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> 7. They, ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olve and vani&s;h away, either of them&s;elves, or by anointing with a Man's fa&s;ting &s;pittle, or oil of Scorpions.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Vigie|rius, <HI>Med. chir. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 57.</NOTE>8. In a Malignant <HI>Bubo</HI> we mu&s;t apply <HI>Diachylum cum gummi,</HI> and black Sope, whereby I have &s;een mo&s;t &s;tubborn <HI>Buboes</HI> &s;uppurated.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Bubonocele,</HI> or Groin Rupture.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>One impatient of a Groin-Rupture, taking it for a Venereal one. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Gut mu&s;t be put up betime. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A mortal one. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Maid cured of a Rupture, if &s;he Marry, will prove barren? <HI>IV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines. (<HI>See</HI> Hernia.)</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Country Man labouring under a Groin-Rupture, went to a Barber-Surgeon, who taking it for a Venereal <HI>Bubo,</HI> per&s;waded him to have it opened, which the poor wretch con&s;ented to, and when the Excrements came out, he pre&s;ently fell in a Swound: I being called, pre&s;ently put the Gut back witn my finger, having applied the White of an Egg with Dragons-bloud, and then making &s;ome compre&s;&s;ion with a Linnen-cloth four double, I bound it pretty &s;trait for four days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>Ob&s;erva<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 55.</NOTE> then I u&s;ed <HI>A|quapendents</HI> Cerecloth for the Rupture, and the cut parts grew together in ten days.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Matron Forty years old, &s;ubject to a Rup|ture for &s;everal years, when the Gut had &s;lipt into the cavity of the Groin, which it had made, and &s;he did not pre&s;ently put it back, began to be pain|ed, afterwards &s;he Vomited, and went not to &s;tool; all this while concealing the cau&s;e, that is, falling out of the Gut, at la&s;t &s;he brought up her Excre|ments at her Mouth. I being called the Sixteenth day of her Di&s;ea&s;e, and inquiring the cau&s;e, found a hard and painfull Swelling, as big as ones Fi&s;t, in her right Groin. I foretold the Di&s;ea&s;e would be mortal, becau&s;e &s;ome part of the Gut was cor|rupted. It's true, by the help of Fomentations the Gut was put back, and much Excrements di&s;charg|ed, and al&s;o a piece of the half rotten Inte&s;tine, about a finger long, whereupon the Patient found ea&s;e; yet the next day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabricius Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Ob|&s;ervat.</HI> 37.</NOTE> which was the Nineteenth of her Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;he died. The Cure might have been ea&s;ie, if the cau&s;e of her Di&s;ea&s;e had been known to her Phy&s;ician at fir&s;t; but her imprudent Mode&s;ty was the cau&s;e of her Death. Except this woman, it was never my hap to know another die of a Rupture: for the part affected in Women does not ea&s;ily ad|mit any large Dilatation, or <HI>Sinus</HI> to be made by the Gut, as it does in Men.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Woman Forty years old, formerly my Pa|tient, after carrying a heavy Pail full of Water, complained of a pain in her Groin. This was fol|lowed with a Groin-Rupture on the left &s;ide, which, in a &s;hort time after, having broken the skin, bur&s;t out, whereat all the food &s;he took, and Worms, came out. When the Wound was healed, the Rup|ture remained, the Pain in her Belly continued, and &s;he was troubled with Wind continually, e&s;pecially when &s;he lay down, the Guts then returning in|ward. She thought her Belly was full of little Ani|mals, cour&s;ing this way and that; But, by handling her, I perceived this her torment was owing to Wind, which proceeded from &s;ome days Ob&s;tructi|ons; &s;he Vomited al&s;o every Morning. When &s;he had taken a Cly&s;ter, the Ob&s;truction removed, and her pain a&s;&s;waged; yet at certain times an appa|rent Swelling returned, with a rumbling: When it hid it &s;elf in her Belly, and &s;he had a rumbling, &s;he was much tormented: but when it came out in a great lump, &s;he was free from torment. Before the Gut could conveniently be put back, and the future mi&s;chiefs provided again&s;t, I ordered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 3.</NOTE> that when &s;he had broke the Wind, which di&s;tended her Guts, the Excrements, the fuel of putrefaction, &s;hould be Purged out, the Worms &s;hould be killed and brought away, with Remedies proper for this Pe&s;t.
<PB N="47" REF="29"> But while the Remedies were delayed, the poor Woman died of the violence of her Pain.</P>
<P N="4">IV. It is Queried, Whether a Maid 22 years old, Marriageable, of a middle &s;tature, of a good habit of Body, if &s;he &s;hould Marry, would &s;he be Barren, by rea&s;on of a Rupture in her Groin, but well cured? And, If &s;he be not Barren, Whether for the &s;ame rea&s;on &s;he would not be in great danger in her Travel? It &s;eems to me, that for that Rea&s;on alone &s;he will not be Barren, becau&s;e an inci&s;ion there comes neither to the Womb, nor to its neck, nor to any part deputed to Generation, as is evident from <HI>A&euml;tius, l.</HI> 16. <HI>c.</HI> 103. Therefore, &s;ince in &s;uch an Operation the fore&s;aid parts are not hurt, no|thing hinders but &s;he may conceive. And &s;ince the Cicatrice in a Girle 13 years old, at which time &s;he was cured of her Rupture, is long &s;ince grown together, and well cured; it will not break; and by con&s;equence, when &s;he has conceived, &s;he will be in no danger for this in her Labor. This is clear, not from Rea&s;on alone, but from Experi|ence likewi&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Fore&s;|rus, <HI>l.</HI> 26. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 56.</NOTE> for &s;uch Women have both Con|ceived, Gone with, and happily Brought forth Children without any danger.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="book">
<PB N="48" REF="30">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK III. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> C.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cachexia,</HI> or a Cachexy. <HI>Leucophlegmatia,</HI> or the White Drop&s;ie.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bloud-letting, Whether, and after what manner it is good? <HI>I. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether in the foot, if cau&s;ed by &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men|&s;es. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging hurtfull. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Melancholick one we mu&s;t Purge frequently. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Spaws. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom Sweating is proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Cachexy cau&s;ed by the fault of the Kidneys. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the fault of the Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A White Drop&s;ie from anointing with Mercury, cured by &V;|rine. <HI>X.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. LETTING Bloud with a Lancet may &s;ometimes be proper in tho&s;e Cachexies, where there is an ob|&s;truction of the Liver, and a Ple|nitude, becau&s;e perhaps the bloud being &s;o in motion, and that quick|ned, &s;ome of the corrupt Humours in the Ve&s;&s;els of the Liver will come out with the bloud: But e|&s;pecially if there be a Cacochymie in the bloud, it will be convenient to draw it out. &para; The opening the Haemorrhoids, as it is a Revul&s;ion by the Me&s;a|raick Veins, will be very good again&s;t ob&s;tructions of the Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> Spleen and Me&s;araick Veins; &s;o al&s;o as it draws out the Cacochymie gathered there.</P>
<P N="2">II. Letting bloud is &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary for a Cachexy: Which I experienced in my &s;elf, when af|ter a Quartan Ague I was &s;o far gone in a Cachexy, that I was fore afraid of a Drop&s;ie. And certainly I was cured by no other means than by frequent bloud-letting, &s;o that in ten days time I let my &s;elf bloud five times; at fir&s;t the bloud came out exceed|ing foul, at la&s;t very pure,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus,</HI> lib. de cura<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. per S. M.</NOTE> which was the conclu&s;i|on of my bloud-letting. I have tried it in &s;everal others.</P>
<P N="3">III. Phy&s;icians proceed ami&s;s in curing the Cachexy of &s;everal per&s;ons, while at the very fir&s;t they endea|vour to promote the &s;topped Months, by letting bloud in the Foot, without any preparation of the Humours, or clearing the ob&s;tructed pa&s;&s;ages: For Nature di&s;charges not the bloud by the Veins of the Womb, till the innate Heat have recovered its for|mer Vigour, and Crudities be in a great mea&s;ure con&s;umed, which being done, we may proceed to bleed in the Foot, and to give Medicines to promote the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI> And for the mo&s;t part it falls out, when Crudities are concocted, and the Oeconomy of the whole body re&s;tored,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE> that what Natural Evacuati|ons were &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, do then return of them|&s;elves.</P>
<P N="4">IV. We &s;hould not give Purgatives to Cachec|tick per&s;ons; becau&s;e it is mo&s;t certain they hurt the Liver, and weaken the Ferment of the Bile:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Freder. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> But we &s;hould give Lenitives repeated, equal to them; for a weak Agent reiterated is able to doe as much as a &s;trong one can doe at once, and with le&s;s danger. &para; I find our Phy&s;icians often commit this Errour, in&s;omuch that they ab&s;tain not from mo&s;t vio|lent Purgers in Cachectick per&s;ons, and &s;o bring tho&s;e bodies, that &s;hould have lived longer, to an untimely end. &para; Some &s;ick per&s;ons will Purge al|mo&s;t every day, becau&s;e of &s;ome &s;mall alleviation they find thereby: But this is very bad for them, and they die in a &s;hort time;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 6.</NOTE> for it is very &s;ure the bowels are exceedingly hurt thereby.</P>
<P N="5"><PB N="49" REF="30">V. Seeing a thick and feculent Melancholick hu|mour turns not ea&s;ily into Sweat, more frequent Purging is nece&s;&s;ary in this Cachexy than in a Phleg|matick one:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract. p. <HI>170.</HI></NOTE> for this may without the help of Ca|tharticks be almo&s;t all concocted and con&s;umed with drying Medicines: But the Melancholick Mud ga|thered in the Veins or Arteries of the Spleen, as by degrees it is concocted, &s;o it mu&s;t gradually be taken away by Catharticks.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A certain great Drinker had &s;o inflamed his Liver, that continually, even while he was fa&s;ting, or but ju&s;t &s;ate to table, before he had &s;carce eaten one mouthfull, he was forced to drink, which I have ob&s;erved in &s;everal to be a certain &s;ign of a Drop&s;ie coming upon them from the too great drought of the Liver, depending upon the heat; &s;ome fore-runners whereof I &s;aw in his cachectick face. Becau&s;e he de&s;ired to drink the Spaw-waters (for he refu&s;ed other Medicines) he fetched them &s;ometimes from <HI>Griesbach,</HI> where the Well is, and kept them at home, and according to my advice, when he had over heated him&s;elf with Wine, he accu&s;tomed him&s;elf to drink of them, to quench his preternatural thir&s;t, which the Wine had cau&s;ed. I gave him leave to go to the Wells, and to drink the Waters, as others u&s;e to doe. After this manner the u&s;e of the Spaws did both him good and others that laboured of the like intemperature of Liver; which the Vulgar abu&s;e, thinking them to be good in mo&s;t de&s;perate Di&s;ea&s;es, and drinking them by Quarts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Ob&s;erv. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 8.</NOTE> whereby the natural Parts and nervous Kind (for which &s;harp things are bad) are hurt; be&s;ides, they are very bad for the Brea&s;t, and therefore for all that are troubled with a Cough and Shortne&s;s of breath. Sometimes I have prepa|red artificial Spaw-waters, which I have given for a Cachexy, and they have done good. &para; The drin|king of natural Vitriolick Spaw-waters continued for &s;ome Weeks, is very good to correct the Heat of the Liver, if it be u&s;ed in time, before the Drop&s;ie invade a man, and the Water be gathered in the Legs and Belly: for when it already falls out of the Veins, by rea&s;on they encrea&s;e its &s;tore, they will doe no more good, but will rather encrea&s;e the Swelling in the Drop&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">em, Praxe|os, l. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> e&s;pecially if (as they u&s;ually then do) they pi&s;s but little, and yet in the mean time drink much, which therefore, I have ob&s;erved, hath hurt a great many people.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Sweating with a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> in a Stove or in Bed cures a Cachexy. But in a Chole|rick one you mu&s;t &s;weat in a Stove, with a gentle heat: In a Melancholick one with a little more in|ten&s;e: And in a Phlegmatick one with a mo&s;t in|ten&s;e Heat, that is, as great as the Patient can en|dure without fainting. This Cure is proper for &s;uch a Cachexy as happens to Maids or Women from Grief, eating of crude things or drinking cold liquours, but not for elder per&s;ons in whom it is bred by the u&s;e of &s;trong Wine, Hippocras, Mu&s;|kadel, Salt and peppered Meats, and &s;uch heating and drying things: for &s;ince in this ca&s;e the Liver is exceeding hot and dry, and that there is great &s;tore of the Atrabilarious humour in the fir&s;t and &s;econd region, that is, in the Veins of the Liver, Spleen, Me&s;entery, and in the greater Veins and Arteries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE> Bathes are more proper than a Stove, for a hot and dry Liver requires to be moi&s;tened, and not to be dried: And an Atrabilarious humour is but enraged and irritated by u&s;ing hot things and profu&s;ion of Sweat.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. It is worth ob&s;ervation, that a Cachexy in per&s;ons troubled with the Stone in the Kidneys, has had its original from an Ulcer in the Kidneys, when the purulent matter by rea&s;on of the ob&s;truction in the Ureters regurgitating into the Kidneys, and in|fecting the Bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> hath infected the whole habit of Body.</P>
<P N="9">IX. It often falls out, that a Man's Body be|comes &s;wollen, turgid and languid; and then the ti|morou&s;ne&s;s of the Phy&s;ician, grounded on no rea|&s;on, predicts danger: But they may very properly be cured in a &s;hort time by Sudorificks u&s;ed inter|nally and externally. The cau&s;e of this Evil hath not its ri&s;e from the Intemperature or weakne&s;s of tho&s;e parts, that the Ancients called <HI>Noble:</HI> Be&s;ides, it may ea&s;ily be di&s;tingui&s;hed from the Drop&s;ie, which the &s;aid parts do cau&s;e; for although the Pa|tients be very &s;luggi&s;h and lazy, yet they are oppre&s;|&s;ed with no anxiety of heart, they breathe freely and from an open Brea&s;t, and their Belly &s;wells not much: The watry matter is gathered fir&s;t in the face and limbs, and if the tumid parts be pre&s;t with your finger, experience will &s;hew that the parts are not &s;o full as in a true Drop&s;ie;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Bar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">tte,</HI> A|n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ract. c. <HI>14.</HI></NOTE> wherefore &s;ome that are ignorant of the true cau&s;e, a&s;cribe this Swelling to Wind. The Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els being compre&s;|&s;ed, broke, or &s;ome other way ob&s;tructed, &s;o that the natural motion of the <HI>Lympha</HI> is hindred, do cau&s;e the Ail.</P>
<P N="10">X. When <HI>N.</HI> who was troubled with the Pox and a Water Rupture had been cured of both h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s Di&s;ea|&s;es by anointing with Mercury; after the &s;ame ex|ample he ordered one <HI>Aldr. de Aldrighettis,</HI> a &s;trong Woman of a full Age, that was &s;wollen with the White Drop&s;ie, to be likewi&s;e anointed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Binodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> She made much Urine without any Salivation; yet &s;he felt a little pain in her Neck, and perfectly recovered.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In an inveterate Cachexy I anointed the Belly and Feet which were &s;wollen more than ordinary, with the following Liniment: Take of the tops of green Dwarf-elder, green Cranes-bill, Sauce alone, Flowers of Roman Chamaemil each 2 ounces, fre&s;h Butter 1 pound, let them boil well. Strain them out and add of di&s;tilled Oil of Tartar rectified, Oil of Wax well rectified, Oil of Caroways rectified, each 3 drachms. Mix them and make a Liniment, to be u&s;ed as above&s;aid.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h. Lud. &agrave; F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">den. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. arb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ae, p m.</HI> 53.</NOTE> And take of this Cordial often every day: Take of Cinnamon-water 3 ounces, <HI>Ox|ymel</HI> of Squills prepared according to <HI>Zwelfer</HI> 2 ounces, Spirit of Vitriol dephlegmed 24 grains. Mix them for u&s;e. This water, which I always kept as a &s;e|cret, was wonderfully commended by all people.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ph<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l. Gru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|gius,</HI> M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. Pract. l <HI>3.</HI> par<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>2. Joh. Jon|&s;tonius,</HI> I|dea Med. pract. l. <HI>12.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI> t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> The E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> and a Mixture of it, do in curing a Cachexy excell all other Reme|dies.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Water di&s;tilled off fre&s;h Walnut-tree roots cut into little &s;quare pieces, &s;teeped in Whitewine 24 hours, &s;weetned with Sugar-candy and expo&s;ed to the Sun for &s;ome days, taken in 3 ounces weight u|&s;ing exerci&s;e after it, cures the Green-&s;ickne&s;s in Maids.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take of the fine&s;t filings of Steel 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>J<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. Qu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rce|tan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> Pharm. Dogm. re&s;t. p. <HI>321.</HI></NOTE> <HI>fae|cula Ari</HI> 1 drachm and an half, Ambergry&s;e half a drachm, E&s;&s;ence of Coral, of Pearl each half a drachm, Amber prepared, Cinnamon each 4 &s;cruples, Sugar what is &s;ufficient. Mix them, and make a Powder. It is the be&s;t remedy for pale and depraved colours, as for Cachexies in Women, Men, Maids younger or elder, if the body be prepared and purged 15 days before, one after another. I have had admira|ble experience of this Powder in curing all Cache|xies.</P>
<P N="5">5. Chalybeate Salt is very good for a Cachexy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. When the Body is purged, Wormwood taken any way is excellent good to &s;trengthen the Stomach and Liver, and ab&s;terge the humours. And this is a good Powder; Take filings of Steel, &s;prinkle them with water of Wormwood or A&s;h, wherein their Salts have been di&s;&s;olved; leave them &s;o long till they contract ru&s;t; Take of this <HI>Crocus</HI> 3 ounces, burnt Harts-horn prepared half an ounce, Magi&s;tery of Coral, of Pearl each 1 drachm and an half, Cin|namon, Cry&s;talls of Tartar 1 drachm, Sugar what is &s;ufficient to &s;weeten the whole; Make a Powder.
<PB N="50" REF="31"> The do&s;e 1 drachm. And this Chalybeate Wine is good, e&s;pecially in a pertinaceous ob&s;truction of the Bowells, and &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> whence a Cachexy ari&s;eth. Take of filings of Steel 3 ounces and an half, White-wine 4 pounds, infu&s;e them in a Gla&s;s 8 days in the Sun or &s;ome hot place, &s;haking it often every day. Let the Patient take 4 or 6 oun|ces of this Wine two hours before dinner, &s;haking the Gla&s;s, and when he hath taken it, let him walk for two hours, if he be able. As often as you pour out one gla&s;s, you mu&s;t pour in another, till half the Steel &s;eem &s;pent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> then you mu&s;t add no more.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Calculus Renum,</HI> or the Stone in the Kid|neys.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Signs and the Nature of the Stone. <HI>I. a.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein &s;hould be breathed? <HI>I. b.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Purge &s;hould be given? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks &s;hould not be added to Purgers for prevention. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;trong Purgers be convenient? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of what things Anodyne Cly&s;ters &s;hould be made? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether their Quantity mu&s;t be &s;mall? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit may be given? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Diureticks may be given? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be mixt with Food. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Qualities of Lithontripticks. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t begin with the milder. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of them mu&s;t be continued. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be too hot. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Abu&s;e mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of making them up. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Spirit of Turpentine be proper? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Attenuatives are not always proper. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What mu&s;t be done next, when the Stone is got out of the Kid|neys? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stone in the Kidneys, accompanied with vomiting of bloud, cu|red. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If accompanied with pi&s;&s;ing of bloud, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Lenient and mollient Cly&s;ters are very good. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>W<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ether A&s;&s;es milk be good? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be given one in an actual con&s;umption? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Pea&s;e-pottage may be given? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of A&s;tringents does good. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We &s;hould rather cool the Liver than Kidneys. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coolers, e&s;pecially in old men, often doe harm. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Outward Coolers are of no u&s;e to &s;ome. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In prevention Bathing &s;u&s;picious. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch Diet &s;hould be u&s;ed? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Draught of warm Water before Meal is good for prevention. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The turning of the Stone into the Gout is &s;afe. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Nephrotomy be po&s;&s;ible? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stone in the Kidneys mi&s;taken to be the Colick. <HI>XXXV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. a. GRavel not &s;ub&s;iding in the Urine, but &s;tick|ing to the &s;ides of the Chamber-pot, &s;igni|fies not a calculous di&s;po&s;ition, but exceeding heat of the Liver. <HI>Spigelius</HI> &s;aith, he hath &s;ometimes found the bloud in the Veins full of &s;mall Gravel. Nor does the &s;ub&s;iding Gravel nece&s;&s;arily indicate the Stone, but &s;ometimes the material cau&s;e onely of the Stone, (for many that are free from the Stone do make Gravel) yet it intimates a di&s;po&s;ition to the Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Plempius,</HI> in In&s;titut.</NOTE> When Gravel that u&s;ed to appear is af|terwards &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, and pain is felt, and the U|rine white and thin, it is a &s;ign the Gravel is con|crete into a Stone; and when it is made with pain and &s;trangury,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphan. Ferdinan|dus.</NOTE> it is a &s;ign of the Stone. &para; Gravel that is bred in the Veins is mixt with the Urine and with the Sediment. But what is in the Kidneys, U|reters and Bladder, pre&s;ently re&s;ides as the Urine is made. &para; Gravel frequently proceeds from adu&s;ti|on of the humours, which is bred in the Liver and Veins, and &s;ticks to the &s;ides of the Gla&s;s, nor does it &s;ink to the bottom, as that which comes from the Kidneys. Be&s;ides, it breaks with rubbing in ones fingers, and appears of a Saline Sub&s;tance, whereas the other neither yields to the fingers, nor can it any way be di&s;&s;olved. And finally, becau&s;e this Gra|vel hath a Saline Sub&s;tance, it is di&s;&s;olved in warm Urine, and no way appears in it while it is yet hot; but when the Urine is cold, it coagulates and &s;ticks to the &s;ides of the Urinal, ju&s;t as Cry&s;tals of Tar|tar, which are di&s;&s;olved in hot Water, do, when it is cold, coagulate and &s;tick to the &s;ides of the Ve&s;&s;el. So that the nature of this Gravel and Cry&s;tals of Tartar is very like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="1">I. b. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> and in his Book <HI>Of the na|ture of Bones,</HI> orders bleeding in the Ham. <HI>Galen,</HI> on the contrary, 6 <HI>Aphori&s;m,</HI> 36. advi&s;es bleeding in the Arm, if there be a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and violent pain, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be new, and he advi&s;es well: For if the humours flow from the whole body to the Kid|neys, &s;uch a Remedy mu&s;t be cho&s;en as may make a Revul&s;ion from thence; &s;uch as Bleeding in the parts above: If the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterate, or blee|ding in the Arm have preceded, then it is proper to bleed in the Ham. Leeches al&s;o applied to the Seat are very good, according to <HI>Aphori&s;m</HI> 6. 10.</P>
<P N="2">II. We mu&s;t diligently take notice, that a Purge mu&s;t not be given till the Pain be &s;omething a&s;&s;wa|ged: For even a &s;trong Cathartick given while the Pain is violent, often does not purge, becau&s;e at that time all the parts contract them&s;elves,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 14.</NOTE> and do not a&s;&s;i&s;t the Medicine.</P>
<P N="3">III. Some commend <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> for the Stone; but I would caution the carefull Phy&s;ician, that &s;ome have found them&s;elves exceeding ill upon u&s;ing it, and have encrea&s;ed their Di&s;ea&s;e: One complained to me, that heat of Urine always followed the taking of it. &para; <HI>Petrus Pigray, l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 4. writes, that <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> a|grees very ill with tho&s;e that are troubled with the Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fabr. Hilda|nu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> l. de Li|thot. c. ult.</NOTE> &para; Two ounces and a half of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> given one in a continual Fever rai&s;ed &s;uch a flux of Urine, that for three days together he made his Urine &s;o hot, that every time he made it, he thought a red hot Wire had been drawn through his yard.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Nephritick per&s;ons &s;hould have &s;ome famili|ar Medicine, that may help them to a Stool. For tho&s;e who are loo&s;e and troubled with Fluxes, have not the Stone and Gravel provided notwith&s;tanding the Purges be not made up with Diureticks. I &s;peak this, becau&s;e at this pre&s;ent there are &s;everal who u&s;e Receipts that purge both by Stool and Urine. When there is mention made of Medicines to divert the Matter, there is no need of a Diu|retick. Wherefore they doe very ill who in time of Prevention and for Revul&s;ion's &s;ake do u&s;e <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia;</HI> for <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is both purgative and diuretick, therefore not to be u&s;ed in diverting the Matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia,</HI> loco cit.</NOTE> and I look on <HI>Valeriola</HI> to be of this opinion, 6. <HI>Enarrat.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. In the Stone in the Kidneys although <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> order violent Medicines, &s;uch as Spurge, to move the Stone; yet I think it &s;afer to u&s;e Leni|ents, that may onely dilate the parts, then more violent ones, which perchance may draw greater plenty of humours to the Parts affected; Where|fore as in prevention we mu&s;t u&s;e gentle Medicines,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercatus,</HI> de Prae&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> &s;o I think we mu&s;t u&s;e the &s;ame in the Cure.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Crato con&s;il.</HI> 136. prefers the &s;imple Decoction of Speedwell before all more generous inward Me|dicines for the Stone. <HI>The u&s;e</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>of a Cly&s;ter made of the Decoction onely of Speedwell with Sugar will doe more good than any Medicines taken by the mouth. You may put in the Decoction &s;ome fat of a Loin of Mutton, of a Rab|bet, or a Capon, that &s;o it may make &s;mooth; if you can get none of the&s;e, you may take &s;ome fre&s;h Butter.</HI> Therefore young Phy&s;icians may take notice, that a great Med|ly of many Simples is not always nece&s;&s;ary to make
<PB N="51" REF="31"> a Cly&s;ter. I can &s;afely atte&s;t, my Patients have of|ten found more benefit and ea&s;e in the Colick or Stone from a &s;imple Cly&s;ter of Milk and Sugar, in which after <HI>Crato</HI>'s example I boiled either Speed|well or Chamaemil-flowers, not Roman, but the com|mon,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli, <HI>Quadri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p.</HI> 512.</NOTE> that is more temperate than the Roman; than from Cly&s;ters of more ample furniture, made of Pennyroyal, wild Marjoram, Rue, Calamint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Becau&s;e the&s;e hot things by di&s;cu&s;&s;ing do rai&s;e Wind, whereupon the Pain encrea&s;eth, which is mitigated with Anodynes properly &s;o called.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t take notice, that in Nephritick Pains Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given in le&s;s quantity than in other Di&s;tempers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>Con&s;ult.</HI> 50.</NOTE> le&s;t the Quantity by di&s;tending the Inte&s;tines pre&s;s the affected parts circumjacent, and exa&s;perate the Pain.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Whether is a Vomit proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e? There are many young Phy&s;icians, who commend it for prevention, to expell the tartarous matter, be|fore it be derived either to the Reins or Bladder: Some admit it in the very fit; becau&s;e Nature &s;eems to &s;hew the way by reaching and vomit. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aith, 6. <HI>Epidem.</HI> that men are better after eruginous Vomit. In my Judgment Vomit conduces by &s;trai|ning to the expul&s;ion of the Stone or Gravel, as it does to the Delivery of a Woman, namely, by the violent commotion of the whole Body, and com|pre&s;&s;ion of the Mu&s;cles of the Belly. But we mu&s;t take diligent heed, le&s;t a Vomit be given to all per|&s;ons without di&s;tinction of tho&s;e that cannot bear one,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bartho|linus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 55.</NOTE> and &s;o Di&s;ea&s;e be added to Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>Severinus</HI> advi&s;ed me to this Remedy for a pain in my Bladder, but, I was very near a Pleuri&s;ie upon it. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> by his pre&s;cription took the Antimonial Wine, with great &s;ucce&s;s, and lived very healthy after it.</P>
<P N="9">IX. As Diureticks in the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e are fit and nece&s;&s;ary to get the Gravel and Stone out of the Kidneys; &s;o for prevention and in time of Health, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them, le&s;t while they provoke Urine they by u&s;e open tho&s;e ways,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubaeus <HI>in</HI> Cel&s;um, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> and make a Pa&s;&s;age to the Kidneys, whereby all the crude and bad humours that are bred in the body may tend thither, and afford matter to breed Gra|vel and the Stone. &para; I warn my Patient that he carefully ab&s;tain from diuretick Medicines, and &s;uch as expell the Stone;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>con|&s;il.</HI> 246.</NOTE> for unle&s;s this be done, he will be certainly troubled with the Stone. &para; They that in calculous per&s;ons u&s;e hot Diureticks, com|mit a mi&s;take; becau&s;e &s;uch Medicines bring filthy matter with them, and open the Pa&s;&s;ages: Second|ly, they di&s;place the Stone, and make it unequal and rough. Le&s;t the Reins or Bladder &s;hould be hurt by the a&s;perity of the Stone, Sagacious and Prudent Nature hath clothed it with a mucous and &s;lippery Phlegm, le&s;t it &s;hould pinch the live part. Diureticks do much harm, becau&s;e they &s;trip the Stone that was covered with vi&s;cid Phlegm, which by rea&s;on of its raggedne&s;s doth &s;o prick, that in a &s;hort time it cau&s;es a mortal Ulcer, attended with cruel Symptoms. A certain Mountebank gave a Wretch troubled with the Stone mo&s;t violent Diu|reticks, which cau&s;ed exceeding dreggy Urine, the vi&s;cid Phlegm being &s;craped off, which was as a bed to the Stone:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> Meth. vit. error. l. <HI>18.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> He pre&s;ently felt him&s;elf better; but in a little time, the Stone being naked and &s;harp, ate and pierced through the &s;ides of the Bladder, upon which there pre&s;ently came an Ulcer, and that a Gangrenous one; and I never &s;aw a man die &s;o violent a Death.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the Stone both of the Reins and Bladder, Diureticks to break the Stone mu&s;t be given a long time after meat, and on an empty Stomach, and if it may be done, after the body is purged; for Diu|reticks are quickly carried to the Kidneys, and they drag along with them the Food crude and in|concocted, &s;o they rather load the Reins and Blad|der,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 18.</NOTE> and encrea&s;e the matter of the Stone. There|fore they doe very ill, that boil Par&s;ly-roots or &s;ome other Diuretick with their meat and eat it for their Dinner or Supper.</P>
<P N="11">XI. All Stones, at lea&s;t tho&s;e that I have yet found, are di&s;&s;olved in the acid Spirit of Nitre, whence I conclude none can imagine that the coagulation of Stones, can proceed from an acid; therefore from &s;omething contrary to it. Now if a man do but con&s;ider the various things that promote the concretion of natural things, he will find the vir|tue lie in au&s;tere things, upon which &s;core they give glutino&s;ity and toughne&s;s to Fluids, to which if the earthy and &s;aline volatile parts be joined, &s;omething not unlike the Stone will ari&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 55. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 50.</NOTE> There|fore I incline to the opinion, that the earthy mat|ter, and &s;aline volatile joined with the glutinous do by the help of the au&s;tere humour grow into a &s;tone: But the virtue of the coagulating Au&s;tere is infringed by the &s;harp Acid, &s;uch as is found in the Spirit of Nitre. &para; When larger Gravel comes away, and &s;inks to the bottom of the Urine, and is laying the Rudiments and Growth of a Stone, we mu&s;t be&s;ide volatile oily Salts u&s;e things that di&s;&s;olve the Stone, among which we de&s;ervedly a&s;cribe the fir&s;t place to Spirit of Nitre, &s;eeing in it Stones are &s;o ea&s;ily and &s;o manife&s;tly di&s;&s;olved and broken. And the Spirit of Nitre may conveniently be dropt into ones com|mon drink, Beer, Wine, Broths, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, &s;ect. <HI>91,</HI> &amp; <HI>92.</HI></NOTE> to make them a little &s;harp, and &s;o be u&s;ed a con&s;iderable time, who&s;e excellent Effect all will admire. &para; Diure|ticks to break the Stone mu&s;t, 1. Be apt to turn to Urine, to wit, (as <HI>Helmont</HI> &s;aith) that they may touch the place affected. 2. They mu&s;t have power to di&s;&s;olve the Stone. 3. They mu&s;t po&s;&s;e&s;s it in a &s;pe|cifick Propriety. 4. They mu&s;t be &s;ubtile, that they may &s;pread every way. 5. They mu&s;t be amicable to nature, le&s;t they de&s;troy all. 6. They mu&s;t not be very hot. You &s;hould rather give &s;uch things as con&s;i&s;t of an ab&s;ter&s;ive virtue from a volatile Alkali and an acid, and that by their gentle &s;harpne&s;s do incide and clean&s;e the filth of the urinary pa&s;&s;ages, as al&s;o by their &s;weet fragrancy affecting the Reins do hinder the dreggine&s;s of the Ferment, and &s;o prevent all occa&s;ion of the Stone. Such things al&s;o are good as a&s;&s;waging the Pain of the Kidneys, do better fit them to expell what is hurtfull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|manus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12,</NOTE> &s;uch as Saffron, and Ca&s;&s;ia and Rheubarb deprived of their purgative Faculty. &para; I will relate what I have ob&s;erved concerning Spirit of Vitriol in the Stone of the Kidney and Bladder. Diureticks are of two kinds, one aperitive, and the other inci&s;ive. Aperi|tives draw the matter to the Kidneys, and there|fore if the&s;e be affected, are very &s;u&s;picious, be|cau&s;e we draw the matter to the part affected: But Inci&s;ives carry not the matter to the Kidneys, but onely by inciding &s;ubtilize, and &s;o the matter being made &s;ubtile pa&s;&s;es the Kidneys. Hence it is (and I ever u&s;e it with &s;ucce&s;s) that if in the beginning I give Spirit of Vitriol to break the Stone or cut the gro&s;s humour, I quickly &s;ee a happy I&s;&s;ue. And the Spirit of Vitriol, though it be diuretick, yet it onely incides, upon which &s;ubtiliation while the matter pa&s;&s;es out, the Urine appears more copious, and it is truly a Diuretick by accident, not that it carries ought to the Kidneys, but becau&s;e the mat|ter, when it hath no impediment, finds an ea&s;ie pa&s;|&s;age. And that is attempted in vain after the third or fourth day, which may be done the fir&s;t, with|out which the Pain is prolonged three or four days to the great damage of the Patient; for then we mu&s;t &s;tay for univer&s;al Evacuation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus, <HI>Pent. c.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 41.</NOTE> which in this ca&s;e is not nece&s;&s;ary in the beginning, but may very con|veniently be celebrated when the Pain is over.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Of which Diureticks neverthele&s;s di&s;tincti|on mu&s;t be made,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>ibid.</HI></NOTE> that in the fir&s;t place the milder be u&s;ed, and the more temperate, before we arrive at the &s;harper, which do enflame the <HI>Archaeus</HI> of the Liver and Reins.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In the u&s;e of Medicines that break and ex|pell the Stone, we mu&s;t take notice that they mu&s;t not be u&s;ed once or twice onely, but oftner, till the ob&s;tructed pa&s;&s;ages be opened: And while they
<PB N="52" REF="32"> are given, the Reins and Bladder mu&s;t be fomen|ted with Baths, Fomentations, Unctions and Cata|pla&s;ms, that they may work the better: And al&s;o &s;ome liquours, that are of thin parts, &s;uch as vinous White-wine, mu&s;t be given now and then, and in|ternal Emollients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Laxatives and Smoothers of the pa&s;&s;ages mu&s;t be made u&s;e of, that the ways may be open, and the acrimony of other Medicines may be qualified.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Medicines that attenuate the Stone with|out violent heat, conduce much to health: for the hotter &s;ort of things con&s;ume the finer parts, and leaving the gro&s;&s;er do harden the Stone, and draw new matter to the Reins and Bladder from the whole Body:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> Therefore rather let them be of te|nuious parts and cold.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Some in the retention and interception of the Stone in the Ureters do commend the Powder called <HI>Pulvis Lithontribos</HI> and &s;ome &s;tronger things, which before purging the whole body do drive ma|ny bad humours from above to the Kidneys, where|by the Stone is not onely firmer fa&s;tened in the Ure|ters;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabricius Hildanus.</NOTE> but internal Inflammations are al&s;o bred, and Death it &s;elf follows, which I have tried.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Gainerius</HI> hath taken notice, that we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve fir&s;t to join piercing Remedies with tho&s;e for the Stone, as Cinnamon, Nutmeg. 2. To add &s;uch a thing as may &s;trengthen the virtues of the Me|dicine, to the end they may play upon the Stone with their whole &s;trength, as Ma&s;tick and Gum. 3. That they have finene&s;s of parts to pa&s;s the better. 4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> Something that takes off acrimony may be ad|ded, as Ro&s;es, Liquori&s;h, Lin&s;eed.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Whether is Spirit of Turpentine proper for the Stone in the Kidneys? It is good, for it is a di&s;per&s;ing Medicine, penetrates deep, and hath an excellent virtue in purifying the Bowels, di&s;|&s;olving gathered Tartar, and di&s;charging it by U|rine; yet lenitive Purgers &s;hould be made u&s;e of before we come to the continual and daily u&s;e of it: Although in the u&s;e of Turpentine it &s;elf in &s;ub|&s;tance this is not requi&s;ite, becau&s;e it hath it &s;elf a purgative virtue, e&s;pecially when it is mixt with powdered Rheubarb, according to <HI>Crato</HI>'s de&s;cripti|on in <HI>Scholtzius, con&s;.</HI> 152. It helps by its temperate heat, whereby it befriends the parts de&s;tined to concoction, for which rea&s;on it is good for tho&s;e that are troubled with the Stone, as it helps con|coction, that &s;o the peccant matter may the better be &s;eparated from the Bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;tius, <HI>Probl. Dec. l.</HI> 8. <HI>q.</HI> 1.</NOTE> You may &s;ee in <HI>Ama|lus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>curat.</HI> 63. the Hi&s;tory of a Monk who eve|ry morning for &s;everal months &s;wallowed a piece of Turpentine as big as a Nut fa&s;ting, and was &s;o cured of the Stone and Gout, when other Medicines would do no good.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. They are in errour, who always u&s;e at|tenuating and inciding Medicines, as if there could be no Gravel without a fulne&s;s of gro&s;s humours, and as if there were not &s;ome very cholerick per|&s;ons to be found who have their bloud and other humours very thin, and are troubled with the Stone. For I am of the opinion that there is no one living, but hath &s;o much gro&s;ne&s;s of humours, that, if it &s;tay in the Kidneys,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius, <HI>Meth. l.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> may cau&s;e the Stone: And that there is &s;o much Phlegm in a man that is not phlegmatick, as may make up one Stone.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. When the Stone is voided, although all dan|ger be over; yet I u&s;e for two or three days follow|ing to procure a perfect ab&s;ter&s;ion and clean&s;ing of the Reins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 96. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> by giving a <HI>Bolus</HI> of our Turpentine wa&s;hed in Mallow-water with Liquori&s;h powder, and drinking upon it an Emul&s;ion of Melon-&s;eeds, made with Mallow or Barley water, but very thin.</P>
<P N="20">XX. A certain per&s;on fell into grievous pain in his left &s;ide under the ba&s;tard Ribs, attended with vomiting much Bloud, as often as he &s;tooped it re|turned upon him, &s;o that he grew very weak upon it. Dr. <HI>Moebius</HI> judged there was &s;ome large Stone lodged in the left <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> and that by moving it the Bloud was extrava&s;ated in &s;o great quanti|ty, powred into the Stomach, and then vomited up. He dur&s;t not pre&s;cribe things to force the Stone, le&s;t when the Ve&s;&s;els were un&s;topt, they &s;hould o|pen wider, and by farther vomiting of Bloud his life might be endangered: Therefore he gave him calcined Harts horn for &s;everal days in &s;ome fre&s;h broth: He ordered the pained part to be fomented with Mallow leaves, Chamaemil flowers and Lin|&s;eed boiled. And &s;o his Vomiting cea&s;ed, the Stone was moved to his back, and then to his bladder, it &s;tuck in the neck of the Bladder, and put him to cruel pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. <HI>m. m. p.</HI> 353.</NOTE> Then he gave his anodyne Salt in a de|coction of Mallows: he ordered Mallow leaves and Lin&s;eed boiled in Milk to be often applied to his Loins and Privities, anointing his Privities with oil of white Lintree. And &s;o within 6 hours he voided a Stone as big as a Bean, and the Patient, through God's Mercy, was re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. If in the Stone of the Kidneys the Patient pi&s;s much Bloud and often, and &s;o two contrary medical Intentions do continue, the ca&s;e will be hazardous; for it is the mo&s;t difficult thing to find a Remedy in the Art, which will perform oppo&s;ite operations, namely, open and bind, break and clo&s;e: And therefore, &s;etting a&s;ide all other things, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently have recour&s;e to the Remedy by <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> called <HI>Sacred,</HI> namely, the Bath-waters, wherein the vitrioline virtue is mo&s;t eminent, than which no &s;afer or better Remedy can be thought or u&s;ed in the pre&s;ent ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 95. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> For &s;uch Waters expell violently and efficaciou&s;ly, and therefore are lithon|triptick, and upon &s;core of the Vitriol &s;taunch bloud; be&s;ides that in &s;trengthning all the Inwards, they very much cool the Liver and Reins.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. In the cure of the Stone many examples teach us, that much caution is nece&s;&s;ary: For &s;trong Diureticks do not onely encrea&s;e the Pain, the Stone being violently moved, and not removed; but they cau&s;e pi&s;&s;ing of bloud, excoriate the urinary pa&s;&s;a|ges, and &s;ometimes impact the Stones into the nar|row pa&s;&s;ages; nay, and rai&s;e Convul&s;ions and Epi|lep&s;ies, while the Stone is violently driven in, and not driven quite out, as I have ob&s;erved. Therefore we have ea&s;ed tho&s;e of their pains that have had large Stones in their Bladder, onely by lenient and emollient Cly&s;ters, &s;o that for &s;everal years they have lived without any evident trouble in fits of the Stone. And no wonder, &s;ince emollient and ab&s;|tergent Cly&s;ters do bring away the mucous matter always in a manner joined with the Stone, and clear the urinary pa&s;&s;ages of Ob&s;tructions: they bring a|way Gravel al&s;o, and make way for the Urine. Some years ago I experienced this in my &s;elf, when I was troubled with a mo&s;t violent pain in my left flank, I di&s;cu&s;&s;ed it onely by taking three mollient Cly&s;ters in one day, the Gravel being loo&s;ened, and the vi&s;cous thick matter joined with it &s;coured like|wi&s;e, and brought away with the Urine for &s;everal days together.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethaeus, <HI>a|pud</HI> Skenchi|um.</NOTE> And by the&s;e gentle means &s;o much was done in clean&s;ing the urinary pa&s;&s;ages, that from that time to this I never fell into any &s;uch pain.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. There are &s;ome that think that A&s;&s;es Milk is good for People troubled with the Stone, be|cau&s;e, in that it exceeds all &s;orts of Milk in &s;ubtilty and &s;erou&s;ne&s;s', it po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth rather an opening than a &s;topping faculty: But if in Bodies prepared for it, the Stone be bred of Chee&s;e; If all Milk con&s;i&s;t of three &s;ub&s;tances, Chee&s;e, Whey and Butter, and therefore whatever things participate of Chee&s;e, they do retain this faculty more or le&s;s, according as the ca&s;eous &s;ub&s;tance abounds more or le&s;s in them: the Con&s;equent is, that the Stone may be bred by the u&s;e of A&s;&s;es Milk, though not &s;o ea&s;ily as by a thicker &s;ort. However a Milk of much <HI>Serum</HI> does the Bowels &s;ometimes more good by rea&s;on of its &s;erous &s;ub&s;tance, whereby it deterges, than by its ca&s;eous &s;ub&s;tance hurt, whereby it &s;hould ob&s;truct: nay, it
<PB N="53" REF="32"> cures ob&s;tructions, as frequently it happens in the milk of Camels that have newly foaled, which is ve|ry good for a Drop&s;ie, as <HI>Avicenna, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 442. &s;aith. But this happens to their Milk upon account of their Pa&s;ture; for Camels feed upon Spurge, Widow|wail and the like, from which the Milk acquires a purgative faculty, and by rea&s;on of the <HI>Serum</HI> very detergent. Now Womans Milk and A&s;&s;es are ex|ceeding like, and both of them moderately partake of Chee&s;e. That Woman's Milk breeds the Stone, <HI>Galen. lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. Sect.</HI> 3. <HI>com.</HI> 15. and <HI>Avicenna, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;en.</HI> 18. <HI>tr.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 16. do &s;hew. <HI>Galen</HI> indeed 6. <HI>de &s;anit. tuend.</HI> allows A&s;&s;es Milk to the calculous; but then it is for pre&s;ervation, and for the removal of tho&s;e inconveniences, which the Stone, while it is expel|led, u&s;ually leaves in the body, that is, of an Ulcer in the parts which &s;erve for expul&s;ion of Urine, the&s;e being exulcerated by the ragged &s;ub&s;tance, or great|ne&s;s of the Stone in its pa&s;&s;age; and of the dry in|temperature introduced by an extenuating diet, watching, vacuation and pain: A&s;&s;es Milk corrects this by moi&s;tening, cooling and nouri&s;hing; it cures the Ulcer by clean&s;ing, mitigating pain, and by glu|tination: &para; <HI>Aetius</HI> allows of it; but after cutting in the neck of the bladder, and that the Stone is got out. See him, <HI>cap.</HI> 5, 8 &amp; 10. <HI>lib.</HI> 11. And I &s;ay, that A&s;&s;es Milk of it &s;elf cannot deterge and expell Gra|vel:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Vir. Au|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">enius, <HI>tom.</HI> 1 <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 1.</NOTE> becau&s;e <HI>Serum</HI> does not purge the Reins and Bladder on its own account, &s;eeing this office be|longs properly to Diuretick Medicines: But by ac|cident it may, that is, given in great quantity, whereby running by the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, it may carry with it all manner of Excrementitious Hu|mours it finds in its way, if &s;o be it pa&s;s by way of Urine, and be not kept in the body; for if it be kept, and be not purged out by the Urinary pa&s;&s;a|ges, it cannot do any good. There might be al&s;o another way of giving it, that is, mixt with Diure|ticks, as the Ancients u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. If the Patient be con&s;umptive, and there be an Indication to break or dimini&s;h the Stone, A&s;|&s;es Milk cannot be convenient, becau&s;e it neither breaks nor dimini&s;hes the Stone. Nor can the ex|tirpation of the Stone, and the cure of the con&s;ump|tive body concur in this <HI>Materia Medica;</HI> for the Con&s;umption requires the Milk to be kept a long time in the body, that it may moi&s;ten, cheri&s;h and refre&s;h all the &s;olid parts: But the Stone requires it to be expelled much &s;ooner by the Urinary pa&s;|&s;ages,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> becau&s;e, if detained, it would cau&s;e grievous inconveniences.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. For tho&s;e that are troubled with the Stone in the Kidneys, Broths may be made of Pea&s;e, and &s;ea&s;oned with Anni&s;eeds, Fenil&s;eeds, Juniper Ber|ries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And that the pains of &s;ome Nephritick per&s;ons are exa&s;perated by &s;uch Broths, and others on the contrary are pre&s;erved by them, neither of the&s;e matters wants a Rea&s;on. For we mu&s;t know that they onely are ill after eating of Pea&s;e Pot|tage, who&s;e <HI>Pelvis</HI> of their Kidneys is be&s;et with the Stone, covered with a &s;limy <HI>Mucus,</HI> which while the Pea&s;e Pottage does as it were rub off by its ab&s;terging Quality, the&s;e &s;harp &s;tones prick the U|reters, whence comes grief and other &s;ymptomes, which draw the &s;ixth pair of Nerves of the Brain into &s;ympathy. So likewi&s;e even Turpentine it &s;elf, than which there is not a better Medicine a|gain&s;t the Stone and difficulties of Urine (even tho&s;e which the filthy Pox cau&s;eth) &s;ometimes does encrea&s;e nephritick pains. But this Pea&s;e Pottage doth pre&s;erve others from nephritick &s;ymptomes, and tho&s;e e&s;pecially who have not a &s;limy, vi&s;cid and tough <HI>mucus</HI> turned into Stone in the Kidneys, or tho&s;e from whom it forces gravel or little &s;tones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli <HI>Qua|dripart. Botan. p.</HI> 435.</NOTE> the Kidneys not being Ulcerous. And thus not one|ly both the&s;e &s;orts of people, but all in general may be &s;ecure from the flatulency of the Pea&s;e.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. <HI>Trallianus</HI> approves of Myrtle to evacuate the Stone: Yet it may be que&s;tioned what way we may &s;afely u&s;e this Ad&s;tringent Medicine to expell the Stone. It con&s;i&s;ts of contrary faculties; for it does not onely bind, but hath al&s;o &s;omething of A|crimony in it by rea&s;on of its tenuious and hot parts. This is the rea&s;on why <HI>Dia&s;corides</HI> &s;aith, that Myrtle provokes Urine. In the mean time we mu&s;t note, that A&s;tringents are u&s;ed again&s;t the Stone and dif|ficulty of Urine, both joyn'd with diureticks, that the&s;e may the longer be detained in the Kidneys: and &s;ometime by them&s;elves alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> that &s;trength may be added to the weak Kidneys. &para; I have heard from great Practitioners, that mo&s;t men &s;uffer this torture for their flaccid reins; hereupon A&s;trin|gents came in u&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hofmannus 2.</HI> de medic. offic. p. <HI>310.</HI></NOTE> as Syrup of Lemons with Water of the herb Hor&s;etail, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; Seeing none but hot Kidneys breed the Stone, and that they are much weakned by &s;trong Diureticks, it is no won|der if by the u&s;e of the Brier Sponge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid. p. <HI>74.</HI></NOTE> called <HI>Bede|gar,</HI> the Reins be &s;trengthened, and thereby more fit to expell the Stone. &para; If in the cure of the Stone we could well di&s;tingui&s;h Medicines, we &s;hould have fewer troubled with it. For they that perpetually u&s;e Diureticks, properly &s;o called, e|&s;pecially the fir&s;t ways not clean&s;ed, when they have thus brought the calculous matter to the Part af|fected, they make that which is ill wor&s;e. How much better do they that once every quarter in the year do &s;cowre the fir&s;t ways, as they call them, and then they take Almond-Milk for &s;everal days, And for the Cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli <HI>Qu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|drip. Botam|ci Cla&s;s.</HI> 2. <HI>voce</HI> Cyno&s;|batos.</NOTE> before all things they purge gently, afterwards they u&s;e Diureticks, improper|ly &s;o called, that is, cold ones, which re&s;tore the tone to the Kidneys, as Syrup of Lemons, Chamae|mil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with the Water of Sloe-flowers, Strawbe|ry, Violet, Mallow common and Mar&s;h, Hor&s;etail, Toadflax, Plantain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ome of which are a&s;tringent, and not diuretick: others are diuretick onely for their watry &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Where we mu&s;t note, that cooling Ca|tapla&s;ms and Inunctions &s;hould be applied to the Li|ver before the Kidneys, when the heat of the Kid|neys proceeds from it; or when &s;ome &s;trange Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">id. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> bred by the dige&s;tion of the Liver, hath crept, by means of the bloud, into the Kidneys, then this be|ing inclo&s;ed, and becau&s;e not vital, trouble&s;ome to the <HI>Archaeus,</HI> in proce&s;s of time grows hot: hence proceeds this heat of the Kidneys.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Empiricks are in an errour, that cool mi&s;erable nephritick old men, who are deprived of heat, giving them Spaw-waters, and Whey; be|cau&s;e they believe, exce&s;s of Heat mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily concur to the production of the Stone, and they urge, that heat mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be a mean to di&s;&s;olve the thin parts, and leave the gro&s;s. But a moderate heat is able in proce&s;s of time to harden and conden&s;e the clammy matter that is &s;ettled, as is evident from <HI>Galen,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.15.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctoriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> meth. vn|err. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Heat,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>if it be but moderate, is &s;ufficient to harden this matter, &s;eeing in warm Waters that &s;pring of them&s;elves, though but a little warmer than ordinary,</HI> tophi <HI>are &s;een to grow.</HI> So Stones grow in the bladder, which is far colder than the Kidneys, both by rea&s;on of its ner|vous &s;ub&s;tance, and of the Cavity, into which, after making of water the air gets, le&s;t there &s;hould be a <HI>Vacuum.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Outward Coolers applied to the Kidneys in fat and fle&s;hy Bodies are of no u&s;e, becau&s;e their virtue cannot reach the part affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">For<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and by onely conden&s;ing the outer parts they are apt to encrea&s;e the heat inwardly.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. There are &s;ome that pre&s;cribe a Bath of &s;weet Water, which I have ever &s;u&s;pected, as too much loo&s;ening: In&s;tead whereof the Reins &s;hould be anointed with <HI>&V;nguent. Ro&s;ac. Me&s;ues,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem con&s;ul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>98.</HI> cent. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> and <HI>Infrigidans Galeni,</HI> and Water-Lily-leaves applied to them.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. In meat and drink, &s;eeing thence the matter of Gravel and Stone takes its beginning, that we may prevent breeding of it; Moderation mu&s;t be u&s;ed, and the food we eat mu&s;t be of good juice,
<PB N="54" REF="33"> but we &s;hould e&s;pecially accu&s;tome our &s;elves to tem|perate Meats, and therefore we mu&s;t &s;eldom and &s;paringly u&s;e &s;alt-meats; for it is a principal Rule in the Cure to ab&s;tain altogether from very &s;alt things, as al&s;o from the earthy and dry, &s;ince from &s;uch the matter of this earthine&s;s do<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s ari&s;e; and from very &s;harp and hot things, &s;eeing by the Gravel compacted into a Stone, the Kidneys are heated and dried. And therefore we are rather &s;olicitous in prohibiting all &s;alt and &s;piced meats, than crude and clammy ones, and &s;uch as are accounted to breed phlegm: &s;eeing the&s;e do indeed breed a thick juice, which creates ob&s;tructions; but they cannot be converted into an earthy matter, unle&s;s &s;ome other earthy matter be mixt with them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. This mu&s;t never &s;lip your memory, that nothing is better to bring away the Stone in me Kid|neys than warm Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;ul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 13.</NOTE> or Chicken, or Veal, or Mutton Broth, if four or five ounces be drunk pret|ty warm immediately before meat, morning and e|vening. &para; That the great heat of the Kidneys may be remitted, which is as the efficient cau&s;e of the Stone's returning, I commend the taking of boiled fair Water, to the quantity of &s;ix or &s;even ounces, before every meal, twice, or at lea&s;t once a day: for nothing renders the Kidneys &s;o free from Recre|ments, and &s;o temperate. And their fiery heat is at length extingui&s;hed with the warm Water, that they can never after breed a Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem con&s;ult. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. It is my advice, that when other things do no good, the Matter be retracted to the Joints: for the turning of the Stone into the Gout is mo&s;t ea&s;ie, and of this into that, and it is le&s;s dangerous to be troubled with the Gout than with the Stone: for the Gout pain never endangereth Life by its trouble; but the Stone in the Kidneys and Bladder, by their many Agonies, and tho&s;e ince&s;&s;ant, kill the mi&s;erable Patients.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia</HI> Praelect. pract. c. <HI>36.</HI></NOTE> Therefore the matter mu&s;t be diverted to the Limbs by Frictions, frequent Bath|ings, hot Inunctions, Sinapi&s;ms and Bli&s;ters.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Cutting for the Stone in the Kidneys is indicated by <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de intern. affect. t.</HI> 15. <HI>But when it &s;wells, and bunches out, about this time you may cut upon the Kidney, and when you have taken out the</HI> Pus, <HI>you may cure the Gravel with Medicines that provoke &V;rine.</HI> Whence it is manife&s;t, that cutting for the Stone in the Kid|neys was known to the Ancients. <HI>Avicenna</HI> al&s;o makes mention of it, but with <HI>Bacchanellus</HI> I think it impo&s;&s;ible, becau&s;e way mu&s;t be made through the Mu&s;cles, through the Back, through the great Bones, through the Nerves and Arteries and great Veins. I think this cutting can then onely be ad|mini&s;tred, when according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the Kidney is &s;wollen and elevated, or when it is &s;uppurated: for in this ca&s;e Nature prepares a way for her &s;elf, and tho&s;e that have been &s;o cut have recovered, as <HI>Schenckius</HI> out of <HI>Coelius</HI> relates, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And I al&s;o ob|&s;erved it in a young man, from whom two Stones with matter came out, through an Ab&s;ce&s;s in the Loins, that opened of it &s;elf: but in any other ca&s;e I believe it altogether impo&s;&s;ible. It were an ex|cellent thing if it could be done with &s;afety; but no man is obliged to Impo&s;&s;ibilities. But if this be done by Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. Pan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|rol, <HI>Pent. vlt. ob&s;erv.</HI> 42.</NOTE> May it therefore be done by Art? I An&s;wer, that many things are done aright by Na|ture, which in no wi&s;e can be done by Art; We have an example in Hydropick per&s;ons, in who&s;e Legs, if Ulcers ari&s;e of them&s;elves, Health appears; but if they be made by Art, they corrupt, and death follows. <HI>Ambro&s;ius Paraeus,</HI> in his <HI>Chirurg. magn. lib.</HI> 24. <HI>c.</HI> 16. relates, how a Nobleman of <HI>Mante,</HI> who was troubled with the Stone in the Kidneys, was con|demned to be beheaded; but at the reque&s;t of the Phy&s;icians in <HI>Paris,</HI> with the Magi&s;trate's leave, he was cut, the Stone taken out, the wound healed, he cured, and this was his puni&s;hment. But if this operation be performed in the Loins right again&s;t the Kidneys, it is joyned with great and immi|nent danger, becau&s;e by that way you mu&s;t come at it through the Mu&s;cles of the back, the Nerves,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ben. Sylvati|cus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 55.</NOTE> the <HI>Aorta</HI> and <HI>Vena cava,</HI> with hazard of fainting and death. Which if it be tried to be done by the flank, and by drawing the guts on one &s;ide, way be made to the Kidney, although indeed there be le&s;s danger in this (as <HI>Rou&s;&s;etus de partu cae&s;areo</HI> ob&s;erves) yet the conflux of the bloud into the Cavity of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> is not without &s;ome, and a Cicatrice in the Kidney is very difficult, &s;o that for the&s;e cau&s;es, it is either not to be attempted at all, or at lea&s;t with the progno&s;tick of death premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. I knew a certain Woman, whom &s;everal Phy&s;icians affirmed to be troubled with the Colick: But I at the fir&s;t vi&s;it (becau&s;e &s;he was very numb, and there were other &s;igns of the Stone) judged it to be the Stone, which neverthele&s;s they &s;aid was fal&s;e for &s;everal rea&s;ons. So I was di&s;charged, and they per&s;evered in the Cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Gerardus Bergen&s;is,</HI> de artic. &amp; re|num morb. curat.</NOTE> and continually gave her hot and dry things, till &s;he changed life for death. When her body was opened, a great Stone was found in her Kidney, and I regained my cre|dit.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius <HI>To|trab.</HI></NOTE> The following Medicine &s;peedily brings away the Stone by Urine. Take 7 cloves of Garlick, 9 grains of Pepper: brui&s;e them &s;mall, give them to drink at once with old Wine in the Bath.</P>
<P N="2">2. This Powder breaks the Stone wonderfully. Take of the &s;eeds of Mar&s;h-mallow, Violets, Mal|low, each 5 grains, of Gromel, Liquori&s;h-root, each half a &s;cruple, of <HI>Lapis Judaicus</HI> and <HI>Spongiae</HI> each 3 grains, of the powder of the &s;tones of Dates, Cher|ries and Medlars each 1 &s;cruple,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. de Al|tomari,</HI> de med. hum. corp. malis, c. <HI>54.</HI></NOTE> Melon Seed half a drachm. Make a Powder. The do&s;e is 1 drachm in 2 ounces of &s;mall White-wine, or <HI>Oxymel,</HI> or in 3 oun|ces of a Decoction made of Elecamparte in Wa|ter and a little Vinegar.</P>
<P N="3">3. I have cured almo&s;t 600 of the Stone in the Kidneys by the following Syrup. Take of the Roots of Saxifrage, Butchers-broom, Lovage, <HI>Eringo,</HI> Re&s;t-harrow, Ani&s;e, Fenil, Par&s;ly, Gra&s;s, each half an ounce, Hor&s;e-Radi&s;h 2 ounces, of the Leaves of Betony, Burnet, Tops of Mar&s;h-mallow, Nettles, Pennyroyal, Rocket, Calamint, Knotgra&s;s, Pellitory of the Wall, each half an handfull, Winter-Cherries N^o XX. <HI>Sebe&s;ten</HI> N^o XV. Bark of Baytree-root 3 drachms, Seeds of Ba&s;il, Burdock, Par&s;ly, <HI>Se&s;eli,</HI> Millet, each 3 ounces, Rai&s;ins, Liquori&s;h, each 3 drams. Let them be boiled in <HI>Balneo</HI> from 10 pounds till 6 remain. Of which with Sugar 4 pounds, clarified Honey 2 pounds, make a Syrup, &s;pice it with Cinnamon 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Horat. Auge|nius, <HI>Epi&s;t. med. l.</HI> 12. <HI>Ep.</HI> 1 <HI>&amp;</HI> 2.</NOTE> and Nutmeg half an ounce. The do&s;e 3 ounces, with 6 ounces of the Decoction of <HI>Eringo</HI> for 15 days, 5 hours before din|ner; but univer&s;als premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="4">4. I found ea&s;e by no diuretick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bar|tholinus.</NOTE> except Bean|&s;hell-water, which brought away Gravel, &s;o that more may be attributed to this Medicine in bring|ing away the Stone than to <HI>Millepedes.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. Egg&s;hells, when the Chickens are hatched, are given with &s;ingular &s;ucce&s;s, either to break or ex|pell the Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Several reckon this Lithontriptick among their Secrets.</P>
<P N="6">6.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Beverovicius</HI> de calculo, c. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> It does a great deal of good in loo&s;ening the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, if Chervil chopt very &s;mall and fried in a pan with Oil of Scorpions, be applied to the part grieved. &para; When the ways are loo&s;ened nothing is more effectual to remove the Stone, than if 1 drachm of pure Nitre, <HI>i. e. Sal Prunellae,</HI> be given in Rheni&s;h-wine warm, by which Medicine alone I have often brought away the Stone of the Bladder from Children.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. Ibid.</NOTE> &para; Crabs-eyes are of tenuious parts and diuretick, they break the Stone, and force it a|way by Urine, e&s;pecially the Liquour of them, which prepared after this manner is the be&s;t; To Crabs-eyes finely powdered and put in a Gla&s;s, pour &s;ome
<PB N="55" REF="33"> <HI>Acetum Terebinthinatum,</HI> &s;top it, and dige&s;t it for a night in hot A&s;hes. The next day pour off what is di&s;|&s;olved, and pour on more, repeating it &s;o often, till you &s;ee all the Crabs-eyes di&s;&s;olved. What Vine|gar you have got, filtrate and evaporate it, the Salt will remain in the bottom. Brui&s;e it, and di&s;&s;olve it in a Cellar into Liquour. Eight or ten drops given with Hor&s;e-Rhadi&s;h-water are far more efficacious than they are in &s;ub&s;tance.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem <HI>p.</HI> 17<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Quercetanus</HI> his Ne|phritick Water is very good; Take of the juice of Hor&s;e-Rhadi&s;h, Lemons, each 1 pound and an half, Water of Betony, Saxifrage, Silver Weed, Vervain, each 1 pound, <HI>Hydromel,</HI> Malm&s;ey-Wine, each 2 pounds. Let them &s;tand four or five days upon a gentle fire in <HI>Balneo.</HI> In the&s;e Liquours mixt toge|ther &s;teep of Juniper Berries brui&s;ed 3 ounces, of the Seeds of Millet, greater Burdock, Saxifrage, Nettles, Onions, Ani&s;e, Fenil, each 1 ounce and an half; of the four greater cold Seeds, Mar&s;hmal|low each 6 drachms, <HI>Spec. Lithontrip. Elect. Ducis &amp; Ju&s;tini,</HI> each half a drachm, burnt Egg&s;hells, Cinna|mon, each 3 drachms, Cloves 2 drachms, then &s;train them well out, di&s;till them in A&s;hes. If you take 2 drachms of this Water, it doth wonders in &s;uppre&s;|&s;ion of Urine, breaking and expul&s;ion of the Stone, to which if you add its own Salt in a convenient quantity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. <HI>p.</HI> 186.</NOTE> it will become a far more excellent Medi|cine.</P>
<P N="7">7. The following Syrup is an excellent Remedy, leaving no calculous matter behind in the Kidneys, if after Purging 2 &s;poonfulls of it be taken twice or thrice every week in the morning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baltha&s;ar Brannerus <HI>de calculo.</HI></NOTE> Take of the juice of Speedwell half a pound, of ground Ivy 3 ounces, of Pur&s;lain 1 ounce and an half, let the expre&s;&s;ed juices, when they are &s;trained, be made into a Syrup.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Clau|dinus.</NOTE>8. This is a familiar Medicine with me; The extract of <HI>Millepedes</HI> made with hot Water. The do&s;e 2 ounces.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 79, <HI>l.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">0.</NOTE>9. Draw the juice out of Pur&s;lain, dry it and make it into Pills, give 1 drachm of it, it expels the Stone to a wonder. &para; The di&s;tilled Water of a Man's Urine, or a Bull's, if the Patient doth not loath it, conduces wonderfully to the breaking of the Stone, and provoking of Urine. &para; Let the Patient eat 9 or 10 Hazle-Nuts well picked before dinner and &s;upper; for I have found by certain ex|perience, that not a few, who have been afflicted with the cruel tortures of the Stone, for a long time, by eating of Hazle-Nuts have been cured. &para; Strawberry-water with the Kernels of Hazle-Nuts brui&s;ed, taken in a morning, &s;o as you can &s;leep upon it, is good for prevention. &para; In a mo&s;t grievous pain and heat of the Kidneys, I have found this pla&s;ter help to bring away the Stone with a great deal more ea&s;e; Take 9 Crabs, boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water or Milk, brui&s;e them, and boil them, and &s;queeze out the Juice. Steep the Crum of a White Loaf in this Juice, add the Yelks of 2 Eggs, fre&s;h Butter and Oil of Violets what is &s;ufficient, mix them; &s;pread it on a linen cloth, and apply it to the Reins and Ureters. &para; For the Stone, Take of the be&s;t Malm|&s;ey-Wine 3 pounds, Peach-Stones N^o 100, Bitter Cherry-Stones N^o 200, fre&s;h Elder-flowers 8 oun|ces: Brui&s;e them, and let both them and the flow|ers be infu&s;ed in the Malm&s;ey-Wine, but let there be two &s;everal Infu&s;ions, one for the Stones and ano|ther for the Flowers; let them &s;tand a day in In|fu&s;ion, and then di&s;till them. Drink four or five ounces of this Water, it quickly breaks the Stone, &s;o that it is voided by Urine. &para; I prefer <HI>Eringo</HI> Roots candied, or &s;teeped in White-wine, and Sy|rup of the Juice of Speedwell before all, though I am not ignorant that the Roots of Brier and Re&s;t-harrow doe much good, when the Stone is manife&s;t. &para; In the Stone of the Kidneys the following Cata|pla&s;m, I find, doth wonderfully a&s;&s;wage pain, and force out the Stone with great benefit and &s;ucce&s;s. Let Pellitory of the Wall be boiled with Par&s;ly-Roots, let the Roots when they are &s;queezed out be ca&s;t away, and add 8 or 9 Onions roa&s;ted in A&s;hes, pour on &s;ome Oil of bitter Almonds, and in very grievous pains Oil of Scorpions.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crato</HI> in con|&s;iliis.</NOTE> &para; For the Pain of the Kidneys, cau&s;ed by the Stone, there is no|thing better than a Decoction of Speedwell, and the in&s;pi&s;&s;ated Juice does as well.</P>
<P N="10">10. There is a <HI>fungus</HI> growing to Stones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudius Deodatus.</NOTE> called <HI>Lyncurius,</HI> which dried, powdered, and given in Diu|retick-Wine, doth &s;o purge the Reins, that a Stone will never grow again there, which is confirmed by manifold experience.</P>
<P N="11">11.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Fa|ber.</NOTE> The Sap of the Birch-Tree hath a wonderfull property by nature, while it admirably moi&s;tens our Bal&s;amick Spirit, that is the coagulatour of the Stone, and by its radical moi&s;ture doth hinder, that by its dryne&s;s and heat it does not coagulate the u&s;ele&s;s and volatile <HI>Sordes</HI> of our Liquours.</P>
<P N="12">12.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacob. Fonta|nus.</NOTE> One kept the following Cly&s;ter for a great Secret. Take a pound and an half of decoction of Millet, and give it.</P>
<P N="13">13.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">onius, <HI>Ce<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. Med.</HI> 125.</NOTE> In the Stone this is a more powerfull Re|medy; if a Hare be cut in pieces, put in a new pot, well luted and baked in an Oven, and then pow|dered. <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Sextus Platonicus</HI> do prove this to be a very proper Remedy; for if this powder be put in Water or Wine, and the Stone be put in al&s;o, you will &s;ee the Stone di&s;&s;olved in a &s;hort time. And we have experienced it not onely good to break the Stone, but to prevent it, to which powder we add &s;ome Turpentine, Liquori&s;h juice, or Oxymel of Squills.</P>
<P N="14">14. Fre&s;h Oil of Hazle-Nuts, drawn by a Pre&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ca&s;p. Cald. de Heredia.</NOTE> is commended, by the daily u&s;e whereof, a certain Phy&s;ician atte&s;ts he hath &s;een &s;everal Stones void|ed. The do&s;e is 3 ounces.</P>
<P N="15">15.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Freder. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> Motherwort is an excellent thing in all di|&s;ea&s;es of the Kidneys: for according to <HI>Montagnana,</HI> it is a &s;ecret Medicine, that hath a power beyond all others to purge away Urine and the Stone.</P>
<P N="16">16.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wolf. Hofe|rus.</NOTE> The bloud of a young Fawn dried and gi|ven in a drachm weight, wonderfully expells the Stone, according to our own experience.</P>
<P N="17">17. The Root of the herb Vervain brui&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Mar|quardus.</NOTE> and drunk in good Mede a little warm, doth not one|ly help tho&s;e incredibly that are troubled with the Stone, but quickly reduces whatever it is that hinders the Urine.</P>
<P N="18">18.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ae|rinonius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 126.</NOTE> Juice of Lemons hath helped many in the Stone, which when carefully cleared, and taken in Malm&s;ey-Wine, I have experienced not hurtfull to the Stomach, but mo&s;t effectual to purge the Reins. However, if the Stomach &s;hould receive any harm, let the juice be di&s;tilled by an Alembick, and then it is a mo&s;t &s;afe thing.</P>
<P N="19">19.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lud. Mercae|tus <HI>de Cal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">|lo,</HI> p. 736.</NOTE> The flower and &s;eed of Star-thi&s;tle are high|ly in reque&s;t among the People, who&s;e force and efficacy in purging the Reins and Bladder, we dai|ly find more and more, if 2 ounces of its di&s;tilled Water be taken in the morning.</P>
<P N="20">20.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Bap. M nanus, <HI>co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 194.</NOTE> Let the Patient take Sugar of Ro&s;es an hour before meal the whole year through; for it is an excellent Remedy for the Kidneys.</P>
<P N="21">21.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Carolus Pi|&s;o.</NOTE> A certain Noble Matron found the admira|ble virtue of Golden-Rod, fir&s;t made known by me, in innumerable Nephritick per&s;ons with happy &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
<P N="22">22. Take Wheat and boil it till it &s;well or bur&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hercul. Sax|o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ia.</NOTE> put it hot into a bag and apply it: You may tru&s;t this as a &s;ecret.</P>
<P N="23">23. Goats Bloud mixt in a Mortar with Barly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Tralli|anus, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 34.</NOTE> and applied as a Catapla&s;m to the Part grieved, doeth much good in ea&s;e of the Stone, or any <HI>Tophus</HI> in the Reins or Bladder. &para; If the Stone in the Kidneys be hard, and not to be broken,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. <HI>c.</HI> 37.</NOTE> and by rea|&s;on of ob&s;truction Urine be &s;topt, the herb Paeony drunk with Wine and Honey is very good.</P>
<P N="24"><PB N="56" REF="34">24. <HI>Sennertus</HI> commends <HI>Lignum Nephriticum</HI> and <HI>La|pis Nephriticus,</HI> taken either inwardly, or onely worn about one.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Calculus Ve&s;icae,</HI> or the Stone in the Bladder.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether it can be broken by Medicines? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what virtue &s;uch do operate. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks are &s;ometimes proper. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Liquours injected by a <HI>Catheter</HI> be able to break it? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Signs are doubtfull, and we mu&s;t not ha&s;tily fall on cut|ting. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It &s;ometimes lies hid, by rea&s;on of a bad conformation of the Bladder. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fle&s;h in the neck of the Bladder re&s;embling the Stone. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a <HI>Catheter</HI> is put in, the Membrane at the Mouth of the Neck of the Bladder mu&s;t not be hurt. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is inclo&s;ed in a Membrane, whether it mu&s;t be pul|led away? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The taking of it out is not impo&s;&s;ible. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A correction of Errours, that precede the Operation. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of tho&s;e that follow. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what place and means it may be&s;t be taken out? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Operation may not be performed, when the Moon is in <HI>Scor|pio. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Dog-days fatal. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the <HI>Minor Apparatus</HI> be allowable? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A large Inci&s;ion &s;hould be preferred before a &s;mall one. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution in Women. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Stone taken out of a Woman by a Hook. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of taking it out, when it &s;ticks in the <HI>Urethra. XX. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Inci&s;ion of the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium</HI> may be admitted, to get it out? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A mitigation of the Dy&s;ury, a Concomitant of the Stone, in old men. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution in cutting cut Stones that &s;tick in the <HI>Ure|thra. XXIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether can the Stone in the Bladder be broken with Medicines? Many utterly deny it, many affirm it but coldly: I with <HI>Galen, Hippocrates, Dio&s;corides, Rha&s;is, Avicenna,</HI> and infinite Cla&s;&s;ick Authours (who pre&s;cribe many Simples and Compounds, acting by their tenuity, acidity, a&s;pe|rity, and by their Diuretick virtue) do hold, that there are things in Nature which break the Stone. What hinders it I do not &s;ee, &s;ince there is a di&s;&s;olv|ing Salt, as well as a coagulating one, and that the virtues of things mu&s;t not be denied in Plants, Herbs and Stones: We &s;ee al&s;o how &s;oft Water, by continuance, doth hollow the Stone, that Iron is e|roded by virtue of Simples, and that there are Sim|ples which &s;often Stones, and why not break them. We read in <HI>Aetius, l.</HI> 2. how <HI>Philagrius</HI> cured the Stone in the Bladder with Goats-bloud, and a Hedge-Sparrow mixt together: How a Je&s;uite at <HI>Rome</HI> cu|red a Printer's Son with <HI>Millepedes</HI> rightly prepa|red:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Fre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ta|gius <HI>apud</HI> Gr. Hor&s;ti|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b&s;.</HI> 4<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> How <HI>Rha&s;is, lib.</HI> 9. cured an old Stone in the Bladder with his Pills, with which <HI>Horatius Augenius</HI> and his Father, and other Phy&s;icians, cured &s;everal of the Stone. If the fore-cited Authours com|mended their Medicines, and they had no &s;uch Vir|tue, What did they in &s;o weighty an affair, but put a cheat on Mankind, which to &s;ay of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> is Bla&s;phemy, who, according to <HI>Macrobius,</HI> never de|ceived others, nor him&s;elf? &para; <HI>Bartholomaeus Turrianus in latrob. lib.</HI> 4. <HI>f.</HI> 269. broke a Stone that was then de&s;igned to be cut, by giving a little powder of Cry|&s;tal to drink, or rather the di&s;&s;oluble &s;ub&s;tance thereof; which &s;ame Liquour <HI>Th. Muffetus</HI> mentions, <HI>de jur. &amp; prae&s;tant. Chymicorum.</HI> Now Cry&s;tal is made &s;oluble, if it be calcined in a Potter's Furnace at lea&s;t nine times, then it becomes of a brittle &s;ub|&s;tance, and put in a Cellar, it melts like Oil of Tar|tar: Or let the Cry&s;tal Stone be heated in the fire, and quenched &s;even times in the water, or Spirit of the Le&s;&s;er Nettle. According to <HI>Johannes Praevo|tius,</HI> the Stone in the Bladder is broken by a Pla&s;ter of White Onions, boiled, and applyed to the bot|tom of the Belly. If therefore Hi&s;tories be extant of per&s;ons troubled with the Stone, that have been cured by Medicines, the chief Remedies mu&s;t be tried, before the Patient commit him&s;elf to the greate&s;t hazard. <HI>Gul. Laurembergius</HI> his Hi&s;tory of a per&s;on cured of a great Stone by the u&s;e of Sows; and <HI>Horatius Augenius</HI> his Hi&s;tory of another Patient are well known. But &s;uch examples e&s;tabli&s;h no rule: they onely convince men of the po&s;&s;ibility, which we do not deny: Several circum&s;tances al&s;o cannot be known, as whether the&s;e were onely gra|velly coagmentations, and not flinty. In this there+fore, or the like ca&s;e, I can approve of no &s;ort of true Diureticks, if the Stone be great, hard, and like a flint; for neither thus can we hinder its in|crea&s;e. The di&s;tance of the place is far, and the ways by which the Medicines pa&s;s, many; if they be weak, they lo&s;e their virtue before they come at the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages; if &s;trong, they carry matter from the whole Body to the Bladder; nay, the&s;e doe more hurt, for by their acrimony and tenuity they take away, and wa&s;h off that <HI>Lentor</HI> and phleg|my matter, that like <HI>Mucus</HI> u&s;ually &s;ticks to the Stone, and &s;erves it for a bed: this gone, the Stone is made &s;harper, rai&s;es more inten&s;e pains, and hurts the Bladder more. A Patient of mine experienced this, who having u&s;ed Diureticks for two years, found no benefit, whether he took Chymical or Gale|nical things, nay, he rather daily found more pain. <HI>Crato,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">iu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b.</HI> 9. <HI>Co. &s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> Phy&s;ician to three Emperours experienced the &s;ame, who &s;eriou&s;ly di&s;&s;wades men in the pain of the Kidneys from tho&s;e Diureticks, that force the Stone. His Eminence Cardinal <HI>Cornarius,</HI> when he had a fit of the Stone, and was afflicted with diffi|culty of Urine, being unwilling to ob&s;erve the Di&s;|&s;wa&s;ion of his Phy&s;icians, went (contrary to <HI>Mercu|rialis</HI> his advice) to the Bathes that work by Urine, when he took the Waters his pain increa&s;ed, and he died. &para; <HI>Guarinonius</HI> &s;aith, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 300. That &s;carce ever any one &s;aw the Stone broken by Medicines. Yet I broke the Stone in the Bladder of a Boy twelve years old, and brought it away piece meal by this one Medicine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;t. Winclerus, <HI>in Mi&s;c. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|ri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. in.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. <HI>ch&s;.</HI> 102.</NOTE> <HI>Take of purple Violet Seeds half an ounce, of Water of Strawberry, Re&s;t-harrow,</HI> Alkekengi, <HI>each what is &s;ufficient; make an emul&s;ion according to A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. Add of prepared Sows</HI> 1 <HI>drachm, Goats Bloud</HI> 2 pounds, Species Lithontriptic. 1 <HI>Scruple, Spirit of Turpentine half a &s;cruple, mix them, let</HI> 2 <HI>&s;poonfulls be given frequently.</HI> He voided pretty large pieces, and inclining to black|ne&s;s, &s;o that one &s;hell &s;eemed to have grown over another.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Mercatus</HI> makes four Cla&s;&s;es of Medicines that break the Stone, and he reckons tho&s;e in the third, that he thinks do improperly break the Stone, and he &s;aith, they doe good onely by ab&s;terging and rubbing the &s;urface of the Stone. And he teacheth that all are &s;uch, which by their a&s;perity ab&s;terge, and as it were rub, for when two rough bodies rub one again&s;t the other, they wear: Hither belong the <HI>Lapis Spongiae, Lyncis,</HI> powder of burnt Egg&s;hells, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some do reject the u&s;e of &s;uch things, becau&s;e it is &s;carce likely, they &s;hould break the Stone in the Bladder, and not hurt the intermediate parts: But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that &s;uch things are not gi|ven whole, but reduced into &s;ubtile powder, yea di&s;|&s;olved and reduced into Magi&s;teries, where their efficacy does as much depend upon their Saline Spi|rit which gets into the Stone, and di&s;&s;olves it into Atomes; ju&s;t as Metals and Minerals are di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Aqua &s;ortis,</HI> and Coral, Pearl and the like in Vine|gar.
<PB N="57" REF="34"> For which rea&s;on the u&s;e of &s;uch Medicines &s;hould not be neglected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. All things premi&s;ed that &s;hould be premi&s;ed, we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity come to &s;ome effectual Diure|tick, that may be able not onely to clean&s;e and wa&s;h the Reins, but to run to the Bladder al&s;o, that it may make the Stone to move and &s;wim as it were in the hollow thereof, that &s;o it may more ea&s;ily come to the neck, and either be forced out, or ta|ken out with an In&s;trument by a skilfull Chirurge|on. Neither let <HI>Avicenna,</HI> nor the advice of almo&s;t all Phy&s;icians, deter you from this work, becau&s;e for&s;ooth the u&s;e of Diureticks mu&s;t wholly be avoi|ded in the Stone of the Bladder, by rea&s;on they deprive it of its mucilaginous coat, and therefore may cau&s;e more cruel and bitter Pains. Indeed the Objection might have place, if the Debate were a|bout prevention, which requires diver&s;ion from the Bladder: but while we are treating of the Cure, that is, of di&s;charging a Stone, that is as yet but &s;mall, Diureticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 13. <HI>cen|tur.</HI> 4.</NOTE> yea the &s;tronger &s;ort, are requi&s;ite, be|fore it be &s;o large that it can get no more into the Neck of the Bladder, much le&s;s pa&s;s the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Some are of opinion, and that not without rea&s;on, that the Stone may be broken with liquours injected by a <HI>Catheter</HI> into the Bladder. For &s;eeing the&s;e liquours are nothing altered, nor lo&s;e any thing of their virtue in their pa&s;&s;age, as Medicines which are taken at the mouth do; but that they reach the Stone in the Bladder, they may exert their whole virtue upon it. You may try the vir|tue of &s;uch liquours without the Body of Man, upon &s;ome Stone that hath been cut out or voided from the Bladder. <HI>Cardan</HI> requires the&s;e Conditi|ons in &s;uch Waters, that they break the Stone, and doe no harm to the Bladder: And he commends a Water made of the A&s;hes of Scorpions, Par&s;ly, Roots, of Butchers-broom, Crabs-eyes, Pigeons-dung, Pellitory of the Wall; and he had rather have it made of many things mixt together, than of one Simple.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Rolfinccius, con&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>l.</HI> 9. intimates that they are Cheats, who boa&s;t of any thing they have done by injection with a Siphon. &para; <HI>Zecchius</HI> judges &s;uch Injections are to no purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">V. I knew a per&s;on that was for a whole year and a half treated by his Phy&s;icians as one that had the Stone, becau&s;e he had the Pathognomick &s;igns, a Weight or Load about the <HI>Pubes,</HI> Strangury, Di&s;ury, Falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut, Itching of the <HI>Glans,</HI> &amp;c. He takes a Journey into <HI>France,</HI> intending to commit him&s;elf to a Lithotomi&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph. Salmuth. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob|&s;erv.</HI> 25.</NOTE> When he had been at <HI>Pa|ris</HI> two months, and drunk &s;trong Wine, in the third month, and for forty weeks, he voided by Urine a great deal of clayi&s;h matter: And from that time he was very well, nor felt he the lea&s;t of it any more; onely he ever after u&s;ed a Diuretick drink, <HI>i. e.</HI> &s;mall Wines.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Anthropogr. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 24.</NOTE>VI. A bad conformation of the Bladder is very rare, yet it may be; and you mu&s;t carefully ob&s;erve in &s;earching for the Stone, if, when all the Patho|gnomick &s;igns are there, you cannot find it with your <HI>Catheter.</HI> For in &s;ome a double Bladder hath been found, in others it hath been divided by a Membranous Partition.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We are often deceived by the Likene&s;s of the Stone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scholiagr. od l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>50. Holler.</HI></NOTE> as in a Nobleman, who, after he had been tormented with his Urine eight months, the Phy&s;i|cians and Chirurgeons doubting whether there was not a Stone, having u&s;ed Medicines to no purpo&s;e, was cut for the Stone, as Lithotomi&s;ts u&s;e to doe. He was ea&s;ed of his pain; yet they found no Stone, but Fle&s;h in the Neck of his Bladder, which by de|grees was con&s;umed with convenient Medicines.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Within the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> upon the Caruncle, that clo&s;es the Extremities of the <HI>Va&s;a ejacuiantia,</HI> you will find a thin Membrane circumtended like a Valve, at the orifice of the Neck of the Bladder, which hinders the reflux of the &s;eminal humour into the Bladder, and that no drops of Seed hang about tho&s;e places. You mu&s;t have a care, when you put in your Probe, that this Membrane be not torn; for it is ea&s;ily broke by putting a <HI>Catheter</HI> into the Bladder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Anthr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 28.</NOTE> or a Wax-candle for the cure of a Car|no&s;ity.</P>
<P N="9">IX. When a Stone grows to the Bladder it is ve|ry hurtfull, for whether you take it away or leave it, you either way kill the Patient. I &s;aw an ex|ample of &s;uch a dangerous Accretion in a dead body, who&s;e bladder contained a Stone wrapped in a Membrane, and &s;o clo&s;e knit with Fibres to the coat of the bladder, that I could &s;carce pull it thence without tearing of it. &para; As a Lithotomi&s;t was ta|king the Stone from a poor Wretch, he pulled out bladder and all; for it was &s;o grown to the Stone by &s;o many and &s;o &s;trong bands, that no skill was able to &s;eparate it. Let Lithotomi&s;ts here con&s;ider how ea&s;ily the Wax-candle may deceive them, and how little they ought to tru&s;t to the putting in of an Iron Probe: for a re&s;i&s;ting Hardne&s;s is an infalli|ble token to them that there is a Stone: But the Stone wrapt in its coat, neither re&s;i&s;ts the touch nor &s;truck upon gives any &s;ound, wherefore they mu&s;t not tru&s;t to the&s;e experiments alone, but &s;hould call other Signs to their a&s;&s;i&s;tence. But what &s;hall the Lithotomi&s;t doe, when he hath found &s;uch a Stone, cut the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> and laid the neck of the bladder open, as it &s;hould be? Shall he take it out or leave it there? He mu&s;t take it if it will come, he mu&s;t leave it, if there be reluctancy. Nor indeed do all, that are inclo&s;ed in a coat, grow to the bladder, but &s;ome of them fluctuate freely hither and thither, and come out as ea&s;ily as if they had not been co|vered with any Membrane at all which I &s;aw in two Women. But if the bladder be ill conformed, whe|ther for a membranous partition that divides it, which <HI>C. Bauhinus</HI> ob&s;erved; or an <HI>Ecphy&s;is</HI> &s;ticking to it, as in the famous <HI>Ca&s;aubon;</HI> or for its complicated Membranes growing clo&s;er to the <HI>os pubis</HI> than that Section can be made without evident hurt to the bladder, &s;uch a po&s;ition of this part as I once in|deed ob&s;erved in one that was de&s;igned to be cut, then there is no le&s;s need of circum&s;pection, as one may &s;ee in the example here in&s;tanced, upon whom the Lithotomi&s;t had certainly done his office little to his own credit, had he not, being frighted with this perver&s;e &s;ituation of the bladder, in prudence de&s;i&s;ted: for this Stone was implicated in &s;o per|plexed an errour within the contorted bladder, that (as Anatomy informed me) <HI>Ae&s;culapius</HI> him&s;elf could not have got it out without manife&s;t danger of life.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nic. Tulpi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;erv.</HI> 5, <HI>&amp;</HI> 6.</NOTE> &para; One man's bladder contained two encom|pa&s;&s;ed &s;o clo&s;e by its corrugated coats, that it was &s;carce capable of an ounce of liquour be&s;ides them.</P>
<P N="10">X. Although Stones that &s;tick and are fixt, can hardly be pulled away, and the greater number of the&s;e that are troubled with &s;uch do dye; yet the Cure is not impo&s;&s;ible, &s;eeing it is ob&s;erved daily that &s;everal &s;uch have recovered: among&s;t which I &s;aw one, from whom a two ounce Stone was taken,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 2. <HI>l.</HI> 4.</NOTE> inclo&s;ed in a bag, which rarely happens.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Many Errours are wont to be committed by vulgar Lithotomi&s;ts in taking out the Stone; the Fir&s;t is, When they allow the Patient the days next preceding, and in the whole cour&s;e of his Cure to live as he li&s;t, neither premitting Diet nor Pre|paration, whence many Inconveniences and Death do follow, for all things run from a plethorick and cacochymick Body to the place affected: Therefore let Diet, Preparation and Purging go before, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. They think they have done the bu&s;ine&s;s, when before cutting they have purged their Patient with Antimony, <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> &amp;c. But the&s;e violent things debilitate the Strength and native Heat; whence the Patient often dies after the operation. 3. Some for a few days before the operation give a full draught of a decoction of Re&s;t-harrow-roots or Mil|let-&s;eed morning and evening, to bring the Stone to the neck of the bladder; but many mi&s;chiefs flow
<PB N="58" REF="35"> from thence, for much humours are carried from the whole to the urinary pa&s;&s;ages,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabritius Hild. <HI>c.</HI> 23. <HI>de Lithot.</HI></NOTE> whence follow af|ter cutting dangerous Symptoms, Inflammation, Gan|green, Convul&s;ion and Death. Wherefore onely gentle purgative Potions mu&s;t be given, becau&s;e if Lenitives do purge al&s;o by Urine, how much more will &s;trong Purgers, which have al&s;o a diuretick virtue, do it?</P>
<P N="12">XII. Lithotomi&s;ts, when they have got out the Stone, often commit many Errours, which want rectifying. Some think the Wound &s;hould be drawn together with one Suture or two, that it may the &s;ooner heal: but they doe ill, 1. Becau&s;e a Tent cannot be put in as it &s;hould, nor the bloud gathe|red in the bladder (whence come many Symptoms) be got out: 2. It is known that after the Stone is got out, there often remains Gravel, Phlegm, clot|ted Bloud and Matter, which not taken out doe much hurt. 3. Suppo&s;e there be no &s;uch things; yet it is certain that the bladder afflicted &s;o long, does crave time to purge out the gro&s;s and vi&s;cid Phlegm, that it daily breeds; but this mu&s;t needs be done by the open Wound; for &s;eeing the urina|ry pa&s;&s;age is long and turning, therefore it cannot be voided that way, e&s;pecially when the expul&s;ive faculty is weak. II. Many Lithotomi&s;ts immediate|ly after the operation clap the Patient in a Semi|cupe (in which they boil indeed appropriate herbs) and keep him there half an hour for the ea&s;ing of his pain, and heating his body which was cooled by cutting: But &s;o there is imminent danger of an hae|morrhage (the Ve&s;&s;els being opened) which is at|tended with fainting and weakne&s;s, and is one cau&s;e of Death after operation. Thus they offend again&s;t Aphori&s;m 5. 23. Then after bathing much Vapours a&s;cend, another cau&s;e of fainting: It is the proper|ty of the Bath al&s;o to draw, whence a great quan|tity of humours is drawn down in a manner violent|ly from the parts above, from the Loins e&s;pecially, which were &s;tirred by the operation, and other Sym|ptoms follow, all the ways and pa&s;&s;ages being loo&s;|ned by u&s;ing the Bath; &s;o that all the excrementitious humours flow to that Wound, and hinder the healing of it. III. Some Lithotomi&s;ts reject the u&s;e of Tents, and doe all their endeavour to heal it quickly: The Phy&s;ician indeed &s;hould cure quickly, but &s;afely al|&s;o; now there is no &s;afety, unle&s;s the Wound be kept open by the help of Tents, for &s;ome days after cutting, and the bladder be cleared of gravel and phlegm, which would grow together again by rea|&s;on of the heat and inflammation left in the bladder; whereupon the latter Evil is wor&s;e than the fir&s;t; for a Gangreen doth ea&s;ily follow. IV. The Errour of a renowned Chirurgeon mu&s;t be remarked, who writes, <HI>that 'tis &s;ufficient when the Stone is taken out, if the Wound be clo&s;ed with clean Lint, for the &V;rine is enough to heal the Wound by its deter&s;ion and con&s;olidation, wherein it excells, if &s;o be</HI> (he adds) <HI>that no &s;ymptoms &s;upervene.</HI> And he &s;ays well, for how will you obviate the Symp|toms, Pain, Swelling, Inflammations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which u&s;u|ally follow wounds joined with confu&s;ion? But if you would prevent them and Death that would otherwi&s;e certainly follow, keep the Wound open with Tents, which would otherwi&s;e &s;o clo&s;e with the &s;welling, that neither Urine nor the vi&s;cid humours, bloud nor matter that remained after cutting, can run out: Be&s;ides, Urine cannot &s;erve the turn of a Medicine, when it has got an acrimony and corro|&s;ive faculty from pain and a preternatural febrile heat. They that have tried it know that Urine re|tained is the chief cau&s;e of the Symptoms which u&s;ually follow cutting for the Stone: therefore a prudent Chirurgeon will provide it an ea&s;ie pa&s;|&s;age, by the help of Pipes and Tents. V. Nor is their errour le&s;s, who make it their bu&s;ine&s;s by frequent traumatick Potions to clean&s;e the Bladder of Impurities, Phlegm, Gravel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> expecting hence a perfect Cure of the Wound: But who can believe that there can pa&s;s to the Bladder, or bring any be|nefit, when Diureticks (though endued with &s;ub|tile parts) cannot, according to <HI>Galen, Art. Med. c.</HI> 96. penetrate thither? VI. There are &s;ome who pre|&s;ently after the operation give a little Powder in a Gla&s;s of Wine as a &s;ingular help, and not in the beginning onely, but in the whole cour&s;e of the Cure, hoping from thence for an abatement of Pain, a Repul&s;e of the afflux of humours, &s;topping of bloud and &s;uppuration: But Wine, that is hot and &s;harp by nature will not &s;top a flux of bloud, for which work cold and dry Medicines are requi&s;ite: and it will not a&s;&s;wage Pain, nor promote Suppura|tion, as being hot, it rather being fit by its acri|mony to enrage than appea&s;e a Wound, which of|fice is onely granted to hot and moi&s;t things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> and tho&s;e void of all acrimony.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Authours propo&s;e three places, by which the Stone may be taken out; 1. The orifice of the Bladder (as is u&s;ual in Women) by which <HI>Alpinus</HI> te&s;tifies, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. that in <HI>Egypt</HI> he hath &s;een a Stone taken from Men, the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> being dilated by blow|ing. 2. That part of the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium</HI> that we call <HI>Pubes</HI> in a larger acceptation; which place <HI>Rou&s;&s;etus, lib. de Partu cae&s;ar. c.</HI> 7. proves to be commodious and to be preferred before the re&s;t, after he had heard how it once happily &s;ucceeded with <HI>Pet. Franconi,</HI> who not|with&s;tanding does not him&s;elf approve of this way. 3. The ordinary place, and that which is received hitherto by all Men, in Men and Boys is the <HI>Perinae|um.</HI> But Mr. <HI>Collet,</HI> a Lithotomi&s;t of <HI>Paris,</HI> de&s;cended from a Family of Lithotomi&s;ts, u&s;es the great <HI>Appa|ratus,</HI> whatever age the Patient be of, becau&s;e he thinks, by thru&s;ting the fingers into the <HI>Anus,</HI> and al|&s;o by the violent &s;queezing down of the belly (which according to the old method they u&s;ed in Children) that not onely great pain was cau&s;ed, but be&s;ides that, an Inflammation and Gangreen of the &s;aid parts. They te&s;tifie as much, who have at any time had the experience of a &s;earch for the Stone by the fin|gers thru&s;t into the <HI>Anus;</HI> for they plainly declare, that neither the cutting, nor taking out the Stone put them to &s;o much pain as the Search did.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne, <HI>Microtech. p.</HI> 151.</NOTE> How much more mu&s;t this hold true in Children, in whom the&s;e parts are exceeding tender and &s;trait?</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Cutting for the Stone may by no means be performed while the Moon is in <HI>Scorpio</HI> (according to <HI>Ptolemy</HI>'s rule in <HI>Centiloq.</HI> c. 20. <HI>Do not cut any part <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ith an In&s;trument, while the Moon is in the Sign, under who&s;e dominion that part is,</HI>) as among others it happened to a Religious Per&s;on, who being cut at this time died. For &s;eeing at that time the Moon doth fill the <HI>Pudenda</HI> and Parts adjoining with her great Humidity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Panaro|lus, <HI>Pont.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 11.</NOTE> which being placed below are forced to receive the floud from above; certainly if they be cut, they will ea&s;ily be obnoxious to putrefaction, and death mu&s;t attend them.</P>
<P N="15">XV. In the beginning of <HI>Augu&s;t, Anno</HI> 1675. <HI>Franc. Sabourin,</HI> a <HI>Poictevin,</HI> a skilfull Chirurgeon in <HI>Geneva,</HI> committed him&s;elf to Lithotomy. Some months be|fore, he had gone to St. <HI>Claude,</HI> to which Town the way is very rugged through Rocks and uneven ways, whereby his Reins grew hot, and the fir&s;t occa&s;ion of his illne&s;s &s;prung; for upon this he voi|ded Gravel and had tokens of a Stone being bred in his Bladd<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Upon his own proper motion he drank the Waters called <HI>Vicecomiten&s;es</HI> for three weeks, whereupon the heat of his Kidneys abated, but the Stone in his Bladder began to torment him more, to wit, the <HI>mucus</HI> being wiped off which in|wrapped it, and rendred it le&s;s trouble&s;ome. Out of mere impatience he called from <HI>Lions</HI> a mo&s;t ex|perienced Lithotomi&s;t, <HI>Labutte</HI> by name, and joined with him <HI>Ma&s;&s;eneau,</HI> a mo&s;t skilfull Chirurgeon. The Lithotomi&s;t falls to his work; but fir&s;t foretold the danger becau&s;e of the &s;ea&s;on, although no Heat had troubled us that whole year, and the Sun &s;ee|med every where as if he had forgot his Office; witne&s;s the Harve&s;t protracted to the latter end of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> and the Vintage to <HI>November.</HI> The Operati|on
<PB N="59" REF="35"> &s;ucceeded well enough, for pre&s;ently a ragged Stone as big as a Pigeon's egg in &s;hape of an Al|mond appeared, and was taken out without vio|lence: Death notwith&s;tanding followed on the &s;e|venth day (a Gangrene ari&s;ing in the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> and <HI>Scrotum</HI>) and it was a&s;cribed to that unlucky Star. Which indeed I do not deny; but I think the grea|te&s;t part of his Fate mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to the ea&s;ie coming out of the Stone, by rea&s;on le&s;s blood came from the Wound, than the condition of the Patient, who was a plethorick Man, required. For pre&s;ent|ly, as the Operation was over, an a&s;tringent Ca|tapla&s;m, according to cu&s;tome applied, did repell the bloud inwards which was found in the Bladder clotted and black, in great quantity, whence a Mortification was brought upon the neighbouring parts.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. In the&s;e times the mo&s;t u&s;ual way of ta|king out the Stone among vulgar Lithotomi&s;ts is by that they call <HI>Apparatus parvus.</HI> When the Patient is bound as he &s;hould be, the Chirurgeon puts the middle finger of the left hand into his <HI>anus,</HI> and with his right hand pre&s;&s;es his lower Belly down to|wards his Bladder. Yet his Belly is not to be &s;quee|zed with a bare hand, but he mu&s;t hold a &s;oft Cloth &s;everal times doubled in his hand, or &s;ome Tow: becau&s;e when the Belly is this way pre&s;&s;ed by the hand, the Mu&s;cles oftentimes happen to be hurt and brui&s;ed, upon which Pain, Swelling, Inflam|mation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> do follow. When therefore he hath found the Stone with his finger put into the <HI>anus,</HI> he thru&s;ts it to the Neck of the Bladder, then he makes his Inci&s;ion upon the Stone, and with his fingers put into the <HI>anus</HI> he endeavours to force it out: which indeed in &s;ome, e&s;pecially when the Stone is &s;mall, &s;ucceeds well; if not, they get the re&s;t out with hooks. How dangerous this Operati|on is, any wi&s;e man may gather, when he con&s;iders, that in performing it, the Chirurgeon may ea&s;ily cut through the parts adjoining to the Neck of the Bladder, or the Neck it &s;elf; yea, and &s;ometimes, the very Mu&s;cle of the Bladder; whence proceeds, 1. A great Haemorrhage, by rea&s;on of a multitude of Veins meeting in the place, and rai&s;ing a dange|rous flux of bloud. Then it is to be feared, the Pa|tient cannot hold his Urine, or that a <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> remain in the part affected. It is ob&s;erved al&s;o that in this operation the Bladder it &s;elf, becau&s;e when evacua|ted, it falls within it &s;elf, yea, and the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum</HI> likewi&s;e have been both wounded, and &s;o cut, that the Lithotomi&s;t (as <HI>Peter Franc</HI> ob&s;erves) hath hurt his own finger with his Knife, and then the Urine came through the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildarus,</HI> lib. de Li|thot. cap. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> and on the contrary the Ordure through the Wound. There|fore though this way was u&s;ed by &s;ome of the An|cients; yet I would per&s;uade the Operatour to find a more carefull way. &para; However I &s;aw it twice &s;ucce&s;sfully performed upon the &s;elf &s;ame Boy, by Mr. <HI>Covilliard</HI> of <HI>Monte-limar,</HI> a mo&s;t expert Lithoto|mi&s;t. He, <HI>anno</HI> 1655. took out a Stone as big as a Pigeon's egg, in a very &s;hort &s;pace of time, &s;o that the whole Operation was over before you could &s;ay a <HI>Pater no&s;ter.</HI> The next year the &s;ame Boy relap&s;ed into the &s;ame illne&s;s, by rea&s;on of a Petrifick <HI>minera</HI> remaining in his Kidneys. This experienced Chi|rurgeon, putting his finger into his <HI>anus,</HI> told them there lay nine Stones in the Bladder; he gathered them on a heap to the place de&s;igned for Section, which lying under the Knife, when the Inci&s;ion was made, came out in the afore&s;aid number, &s;ome as big as Beans, others as Pea&s;e. But the Boy, through the calculous di&s;po&s;ition in his Reins and Bladder, died con&s;umptive the year following.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. The Operation in a Patient, of a good ha|bit of Body otherwi&s;e, and in perfect &s;trength, if he fall into skilfull hands, is ever very &s;afe, on this condition, that the Inci&s;ion be rather too large than too little, when one is not certain of the bigne&s;s of the Stone: for if it be too little, the parts are torn in getting out the Stone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvaricus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 59. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and &s;o an Ulcer ari|&s;ing, a Fever &s;ometimes ha&s;tens the man's End.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I would have Phy&s;icians know, that the outer extremity of the Neck of the Bladder does not appear in the &s;ame place in all Women: For it is &s;een inmo&s;t under the <HI>Nympha,</HI> above the outer &s;traits of the neck of the Womb, few have it lye in|wards in the upper part of the <HI>pudendum.</HI> There|fore there is a nece&s;&s;ity to dilate it, whenever you would put ought into it. And it is worth the while to con&s;ider, that this pa&s;&s;age, and the whole neck to the bladder may very well be &s;o &s;tretched by a dilating In&s;trument, as to admit ones Thumb with|out difficulty;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s,</HI> ob|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">rv. p. <HI>95.</HI></NOTE> if perchance a Stone &s;hould pitch there, or that &s;o great dilatation &s;hould be requi|&s;ite on any other nece&s;&s;ary occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is certain that the Stone grows in Wo|men as well as Men. A certain Nun could not make water for 12 days, the pa&s;&s;age of her Urine being &s;topt by a Stone, where al&s;o there was a confluence of much water. Wherefore when this mi&s;chief could neither be conquered by the Bra&s;s-pipe nor Medi|cines, I bethought my &s;elf of a cour&s;e, unu&s;ual indeed, but very opportune. I ca&s;t a hook up|on the Stone, le&s;t it &s;hould &s;lip back into the Blad|der; then with a piece of Iron blunt at the end, I &s;truck upon the Stone, till at &s;everal blows it broke into pieces, and then with what care I could, not to hurt any thing inwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ant. Beni|ven.</NOTE> I drew out both the hook and the Iron, upon which both the Urine and the Stones being voided, &s;he pre&s;ently reco|vered.</P>
<P N="20">XX. When a &s;mall &s;tone, forced out of the Blad|der into the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> &s;tops the pa&s;&s;age of the Urine, it may be taken out three ways, by a Knife, a Hook, and Suction. <HI>Hildanus</HI> advi&s;es to &s;pare the Knife, as much as may be, becau&s;e a hard Scar always remains in the cut place, hindring the dilata|tion of the urinary pa&s;&s;age, whereby al&s;o there will be an interception of the Stone that is bred after|wards, which requires a new Inci&s;ion there or ve|ry near it; which Wound is often followed by a <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI> But if the Stone &s;tick near the <HI>Glans,</HI> you may cut without fear, becau&s;e in the fle&s;hy end of the Member a le&s;s and &s;ofter Scar doth &s;ucceed, than in the middle duct of the Membranes. Whi|ther notwith&s;tanding we mu&s;t proceed, unle&s;s Diu|reticks, mollient Potions, and &s;itting in a loo&s;ening Bath, have been ineffectual. From the Hook there is danger of &s;cratching the &s;mooth coat of the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> in&s;tead whereof you may u&s;e the <HI>parva te|rebra</HI> of <HI>Paraeus, l.</HI> 17. <HI>c.</HI> 40. or <HI>Hildanus</HI> his <HI>tenaculum.</HI> Stones, in <HI>Tulpius</HI> his opinion, though never &s;o rag|ged, may mo&s;t &s;afely be got out by Suction, although <HI>Hildanus</HI> di&s;approve of it, becau&s;e thus the Bladder's pa&s;&s;age is rather contracted than dilated, and &s;tore of humours and bloud is drawn to the <HI>Penis,</HI> where|by the Evil is increa&s;ed. There is a fourth way in|vented by the <HI>Aegyptians,</HI> of which <HI>Alpinus</HI> treats, <HI>de Med. Aegypt. lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 14. It is the blowing up of a man's yard with ones breath, the part next the belly being tied &s;trait, &s;o the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> being dila|ted, there is a pa&s;&s;age open for the Stone, if it be a little one; for a great one &s;ticks. Sometimes it is got out onely by the help of a <HI>Catheter;</HI> a tri|al whereof (&s;aith <HI>Tulpius</HI>) when a Lithotomi&s;t was about to make not long &s;ince, with it alone he brought a Stone out of the Bladder, as big as an Olive Stone, more than half way the <HI>&V;rethra:</HI> wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">re when it &s;tuck fa&s;t, he happily got it out by help of an Inci&s;ion made underneath.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. The Stone, if it be a little one, is more difficultly got out of Men than Women: Yet no violence mu&s;t be offered, becau&s;e the Bladder is a &s;en&s;ible part, as al&s;o are the Privities, which when much afflicted rai&s;e Convul&s;ions and mortal Inflam|mations. As it happened to <HI>Vetius,</HI> who when he had a Stone pitched in the pa&s;&s;age of his yard, he got it drawn out with great violence and trouble:
<PB N="60" REF="36"> Hereupon his lacerated Member conceived an In|flammation and Mortification, whereof he died. This operation may be tried, when the Stone is &s;mall and will pa&s;s with ea&s;e; if it will not come away &s;o, you may proceed to cutting.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. We meet with another way of getting out the Stone. The Chirurgeon, with his fingers put into the <HI>anus</HI> drives the Stone to the fore part of the belly, then by a hole cut in the <HI>Mu&s;culus rectus,</HI> according to the duct of the Fibres, above the <HI>Os pubis,</HI> he takes out the Stone by the help of a Pair of Nippers. If the operation be performed this way, a dribling of Urine need never be feared; and be|&s;ides, a larger &s;pace is allowed to take out the Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette, <HI>Chir. part.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 26.</NOTE> But in the mean time this operation is in it &s;elf dangerous and trouble&s;ome; for if the Lips of the Wound made in the Bladder be not united to the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> an Exulceration of the Bladder follows, which does not onely create no|table Pain, but is e&s;teemed more incurable than the Stone it &s;elf. &para; <HI>Rou&s;&s;etus</HI> out of one <HI>Franc</HI> commends Cutting for the Stone in the Groin, whence it is called the <HI>Franconian</HI> Cutting, in Children e&s;pecial|ly. Nor is <HI>Hildanus</HI> aver&s;e to it in larger Stones, which cannot be brought to the <HI>Perinaeum;</HI> for it is taken out there with le&s;s pain and danger of an Haemorrhagy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">linus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>epi&s;t.</HI> 20.</NOTE> The healing of the Bladder need not fright a Man, becau&s;e it hath carnous Fibres, by the benefit whereof its innate Heat is cheri&s;h|ed and its Wounds cured. There are &s;everal ex|amples of a wounded Bladder being happily cured. And &s;ince the very Stomach and Womb may be wounded and cured without damage, what danger there can lye in this Cutting of the Bladder I do not &s;ee, &s;o that an expert hand undertake it.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In very old Men, who labour of a mo&s;t cruel Dy&s;ury from a great Stone, that cannot be taken out without manife&s;t peril of Life, that we may alleviate the mi&s;eries of Life, we cut the <HI>Pe|rinaeum</HI> after the &s;ame manner as is u&s;ual in taking out the Stone, and keep open the hole with a lit|tle Pipe.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Riolanus, <HI>Enchirid. Anat. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> As long as Life is prolonged, the Pipe is &s;topped with a Cork, and a Sponge is applied to receive what drops, if there be any thing. When they have a great de&s;ire to pi&s;s, they pull out the Cork, then put it in again, and &s;o the torment of Micturition in per&s;ons troubled with the Stone is mitigated.</P>
<P N="24"><NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Jac. Wep|ferus, <HI>Mi&s;c|cur. anni</HI> 1672. <HI>co&s;.</HI> 167.</NOTE>XXIV. If Stones mu&s;t be cut out of the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> and can be got out no way el&s;e, they are to be held fa&s;t with the fingers both above and below, nor after the Wound is made mu&s;t they be let go, till the Stones &s;tart out, or be taken out with a pair of Pliers: For if they be let go, the Wound of the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> is &s;o hid by the Skin that covers it, that it cannot be found again, by rea&s;on of the convex <HI>&s;u|perficies</HI> of the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> and the lax Skin over it.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Don. ab Al|tomari, 10.</NOTE>1. <HI>Alexander</HI> approved of Kid's or Goat's bloud applied hot outwardly as an effectual Remedy in|vented and proved by long time and experience; but far more, if you &s;mear it in a hot Bath often and at certain Intervals.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rat. Au|genius.</NOTE>2. A mo&s;t excellent Remedy to break the Stone; Take of <HI>Millepedes</HI> prepared 1 drachm, <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> half an ounce, Broth of red Chich-pea&s;e 9 or 10 ounces. Drink it warm an hour before Dinner.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Baveri|us, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 4.</NOTE>3. <HI>Petroleum,</HI> wherein <HI>Lapis Lyncis</HI> hath been boiled, &s;trained and injected by a Syringe, wonderfully breaks the Stone in the Bladder, the yard being a|bout that in&s;tant embrocated with a decoction of Mallows.</P>
<P N="4">4. I made u&s;e of this Medicine in my &s;elf for the Stone in the Bladder. Take of prepared Sows, Sponge of Wild-ro&s;e-tree, Seeds of Purple-vio|lets, each 1 ounce, <HI>Spec. Lithontript.</HI> 2. drachms. Make an Antidote. Two drachms of this were taken in 10 ounces of diuretick decoction, and 2 drachms of Spirit of Juniper. I took this at five by the clock every morning for &s;ome time: and a little after great &s;tore of reddi&s;h Urine came away with Flakes in it like Fi&s;hes &s;cales, which was the coat or cru&s;t loo&s;ened from a larger Stone; by the continual u&s;e of this I was freed from the Stone. &para; This is a noble and royal Nephritick liquour communica|ted to me by an Illu&s;trious Prince, of which <HI>Para|cel&s;us</HI> in his Book <HI>de Tartaro</HI> makes mention, though but ob&s;curely. Take of White-tartar powdered, di&s;&s;olve it into liquour in a Gla&s;s in a Cellar, which hardened again, at the fire mu&s;t be calcined and powdered. Take of this Powder 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guilhelmus Laurember|gius, <HI>de calc. p.</HI> 17.</NOTE> pour to it Par&s;ly-water 2 pounds, mix them, and let them &s;tand till the Powder be di&s;&s;olved, which done, let it be filtred twice or thrice through a Paper, that it may become a clear and pellucid liquour, which with Chips of Orange-pill ca&s;t into it, is tin|ged into a Citrine colour, and kept for u&s;e. The Do&s;e is 1 &s;poonfull in 5 or 6 ounces of White-wine, with which I u&s;e to give &s;ome Strawbery-water.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is a Secret in the Stone; Take of Whites of Eggs boiled in Water, mix them with Oil of Nard and Ma&s;tick, add of the Powder of <HI>Lapis Ju|daicus,</HI> half a drachm ground fine upon a Flint, with a Decoction of Millet and a little Cummin.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Maroldus,</HI> Pract. Med. p. <HI>249.</HI></NOTE> Take a little of it &s;trained morning and evening. Several have been cured by this when they could find no benefit by other Medicines.</P>
<P N="6">6. A certain Phy&s;ician told me, he had cured &s;e|veral after this manner. He took a Hare with young, he ca&s;t away all the Inwards, then he filled the belly with the Dam's bloud and burnt it to Powder in a new Pot, of which with as much Su|gar he gave a little in a Spoon, in a &s;hort time the Patient voided the Stone in little pieces by his yard. &para; A certain experienced Man took a Hare, and ca|&s;ting away the Inwards, he filled the Belly with the Skin, Saxifrage, Millet, <HI>Lapis Lyncis, Lapis Judaicus, Lapis Spongiae,</HI> Cinque-foil and Goldenrod, and burnt it to Powder in a new Pot:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arn. Villa|novan, <HI>Bre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. l.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>c.</HI> 32.</NOTE> The Do&s;e was 1 &s;poon|full, with a little Wine, or the like, every day; it broke, and forced away the Stone in the Kidneys and Bladder.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cancer,</HI> or A Canker.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>How it may be di&s;tingui&s;hed from a <HI>Scirrhus? I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be vexed with Medicines. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;pon what the difficulty of it depends? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure mu&s;t be attempted. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Frequent Purging hurtfull. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be admini&s;tred? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloudletting is nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cordials to be preferred before vulnerary Potions. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Repellers may be u&s;ed? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Pain is to be mitigated &s;ometimes by Narcoticks. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;&s;waged by applying the Fle&s;h of a Pullet. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not fooli&s;hly make u&s;e of Ar&s;enick and Sublimate. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a Plate of Lead applied. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be lightly &s;meared with Quick-&s;ilver. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Medicine and the Knife. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A good Diet can doe much without topical Medicines. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Canker in the Lip mu&s;t not be cut out with In&s;truments dipt in <HI>Aqua-fortis. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be touched with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One taken away by cutting, reviving in another place. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Canker in the Brea&s;t may be taken away. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cro&s;&s;ing it with the Needle is not always nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Canker in the Brea&s;t is &s;topt, how the Bloud may be &s;topt? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="61" REF="36">
<ITEM>Whether we may repell in a Canker in the Brea&s;t? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Phlegmone</HI> re&s;embling, a Canker. <HI>XXIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Medicines.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Canker can difficultly be di&s;cerned from a <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> except thus, that is, If you lay &s;ome lenient and emollient Medicine upon the Tu|mour, and after two or three hours if you &s;ee it either dimini&s;hed or quite gone,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus,</HI> Meth. med. p. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> there is no &s;u&s;pi|cion of a Canker: But if the Swelling abate not, but grow into a Spongy &s;ub&s;tance, it is for certain a Canker.</P>
<P N="2">II. It is ob&s;erved, that there is a double poi&s;on in a Canker, one Putrefactive, another Corro&s;ive. If you apply hot and moi&s;t Medicines (which u&s;e to promote <HI>pus</HI> in Impo&s;thumes and Ulcers, that are capable of ripening) then it will degenerate into deep Putrefaction,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> com. ad aph. <HI>38.</HI> Sect. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> and will corrupt all near it with Rottenne&s;s: But if you would correct this foulne&s;s by Cau&s;ticks, the other Poi&s;on that in Can|kers is Corro&s;ive will ri&s;e and burn all things near it. &para; A Matron that had pa&s;&s;ed her 50th year, her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> leaving her, was taken with a Swelling in her right Pap, at the fir&s;t hard and without pain: Some years after, when it increa&s;ed and cau&s;ed pain, &s;he made u&s;e of a Surgeon, who, when he had applied Emollients and Suppuraters for almo&s;t a Month, as the pain increa&s;ed by degrees, the Swelling broke, which pre&s;ently turned into a malignant, painfull and foetid Ulcer, which at length proved mortal. &para; An occult Canker often lies hid a long time without any harm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 89.</NOTE> but when provoked, it eats the skin: And when that is open, either of it &s;elf, or by the unskilfulne&s;s of him that hath it in hand, ever after it will be kept within no bounds, but like a ra|venous wild Bea&s;t devours whatever comes in its way. And by how much the more freely the va|p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ur contained in it exhales, by &s;o much the more violently doth the humour flow likewi&s;e, which will encrea&s;e the Swelling: into who&s;e intimacy, if the circumfluous Air, which was excluded before by its coats, do indeed penetrate, pre&s;ently there follows both a greater putrefaction, and a more luxuriant rankne&s;s in the part affected: which, if you do but endeavour to hinder, either by In&s;tru|ment or &s;harp Medicines, you do but twi&s;t ropes of Sand. The Daughter of <HI>Geropius Becanus</HI> carried in her left Temple, for above Fifty years, a hard and uneven <HI>Carcinoma,</HI> but without an Ulcer, or any great harm:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nic. Tulpius <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;er.</HI> 47.</NOTE> however, the pain and itching, by lit|tle and little encrea&s;ing, &s;he imprudently applied to the Tumour, I know not what Cau&s;tick Medi|cines, which corroding the Skin, it quickly dege|nerated into an Ulcerated <HI>Carcinoma.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. There &s;carce occurs any one di&s;ea&s;e this day in Surgery, about which greater errours are com|mitted than in the Canker; Do you ask the cau&s;e? The Di&s;ea&s;e and the E&s;&s;ence thereof is not &s;uffici|ently clear to them; and in the Cure they too &s;trictly ob&s;erve that Axiome of Phy&s;icians, <HI>Contraries are Medicines for their Contraries.</HI> For when they &s;ee the Tumour very hard, they endeavour by Emolli|ents and Re&s;olvers (contrary to <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion) to amend that hardne&s;s; afterwards, when the Tu|mour is degenerated into an Ulcer, they con&s;ume the Lips that are hard, with E&s;charoticks and Cor|roders, they correct the filth and &s;tink of the Ul+cer with <HI>Aegyptiacum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 81.</NOTE> and &s;uch things, all which, how unrea&s;onable and pernicious they are, many exam|ples do &s;hew.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Carcinoma</HI>'s, or Cankers, if they be cured to the bottom, can be cured no other way than, if they be Ulcerous ones, by burning; if not Ulcerous by cutting. For that there are &s;ome which may be cured, is evident from <HI>Hipp. lib.</HI> 7. <HI>Epid.</HI> about the Man that had a <HI>Carcinoma</HI> in his Jaws burnt, and was cured by him: And others, that neither can be cured, nor ought to be medled with, appears from <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> becau&s;e they are but provoked, and do in|crea&s;e till they kill. And the difference lies not in the kind of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but in the Quality of the humour; for in the very &s;everal &s;orts of Melan|choly &s;ome are &s;harper or milder than others. If therefore you perceive by any &s;ymptomes that a Man's Melancholy is &s;o &s;owre, as that it is much ir|ritated upon a &s;lender occa&s;ion, perchance you mu&s;t not dare to touch it: But if by other &s;ymptomes you perceive the Melancholick humour, that is in a Man, doth incline to an earthy or &s;anguine na|ture, you mu&s;t try to burn it with Cau&s;ticks; and then if the thing &s;ucceed well, you mu&s;t proceed pre&s;ently to fire, e&s;pecially if the evil be in a part, which the di&s;ea&s;e can ea&s;ily and &s;peedily eat away, &s;uch as the Jaws: For in &s;uch ca&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">id. p.</HI> 89<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> although you be not &s;ufficiently a&s;certained whether the humour be able to bear this Remedy, you mu&s;t try even with danger to burn it; becau&s;e if the cure &s;hould be neglected, the di&s;ea&s;e might eat away the part, though coming of no ungentle Humour. There|fore you mu&s;t try even with danger to cure a Di|&s;ea&s;e, that would certainly kill.</P>
<P N="5">V. Purging &s;hould rather be u&s;ed in the begin|ning, according to the redundance of the Humours in the Body, if perchance the encrea&s;e of the Can|ker may be hindred by it, than that we &s;hould ac|commodate it onely to carry off Melancholick Hu|mours, as they commonly doe, who think Melancho|ly to be the cau&s;e of it: which indeed (for a co&s;|tive body may be better treated) can upon this ac|count e&s;pecially doe no good, becau&s;e it cannot take away the cau&s;e of the Canker, that is poi&s;o|nous be&s;ides. It is granted, that other poi&s;ons, as that which cau&s;eth the Pox, may be di&s;charged the body by &s;trong Purges often repeated, which it is not &s;afe to doe in very weak bodies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus. <HI>T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 704.</NOTE> that are trou|bled with the Canker, nor if it &s;hould be done, would doe any good.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Galen.</HI> 4. <HI>aph.</HI> 47. acknowledges he cured a Cancrous Tumour, that came in the brea&s;t of a cer|tain Woman, by violently and often Purging her of black Choler in the Spring and Autumn.<NOTE PLACE="marg">H Montuus.</NOTE> And by the like method of cure I al&s;o freed a certain No|ble Counte&s;s of a <HI>Carcinoma</HI> in her Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We have no rea&s;on to que&s;tion the repeti|tion of Bloud-letting again and again, for there is a fault in the Bloud, upon its being vitiated the Tu|mour depends. And though a Cacochymy &s;hould rather be di&s;charged by proper Purgers; yet when there was hot, exu&s;t and melancholick Bloud in the whole, it ever plea&s;ed <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>de lec. affect.</HI> 7.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ul.</HI> 86. <HI>cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>&amp; ad Glauc.</HI> 11. and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o, to abate us plenty by breathing a Vein; which is the more convenient, if heat and redne&s;s be perceived in the part, a to|ken of the Fire's being onely kindled, and not that all is in a&s;hes.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Cordials, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that re&s;i&s;t poi|&s;on, will doe more good in &s;ubduing the &s;trength of this poi&s;on, than &s;uch as are accommodated to other humours; And the&s;e are the chief of tho&s;e things that are given inward in this ca&s;e, and &s;hould rather be u&s;ed than vulnerary Potions; which ne|verthele&s;s &s;ome, that they may try all things in a de&s;perate di&s;ea&s;e, do pre&s;cribe in an Ulcerous Can|ker: And they mo&s;t e&s;teem of one that is made of a Decoction of Winter-green, and Ground Ivy in Wine, for the Canker in the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> and for all o|thers.</P>
<P N="9">IX. If in the part affected the peccant matter be but in a &s;mall quantity, then there is no inconveni|ence in &s;trengthening the Part; becau&s;e, when the Part is &s;trengthned, that little which is left is ea&s;i|ly di&s;&s;olved by Nature. This Rule is gathered from <HI>Galen,</HI> 14 <HI>Meth. cap.</HI> 9. where he &s;aith, <HI>That in the beginning of a Canker the excrementitious humour, if it be but little, may be repelled to the principal parts;</HI> becau&s;e un|le&s;s it be &s;uddenly repelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> lib. de R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. Innent. c. <HI>15</HI></NOTE> the Melancholick hu|mour does pre&s;ently di&s;tend the veins, which when di&s;tended, the Canker is rendred incurable. But
<PB N="62" REF="37"> that it is &s;o, appears from <HI>Galen,</HI> 6 <HI>aph.</HI> 38. where he &s;aith, the Roots of the Canker are Veins that are di&s;tended by melancholick Bloud, which unle&s;s it be removed, the Canker cannot be cured.</P>
<P N="10">X. Sometime the Pain is mo&s;t outragious, which will not allow one to take any re&s;t or &s;leep; where|fore we are often forced to have recour&s;e to Nar|coticks, which, in this ca&s;e, by rea&s;on of the inten&s;e heat of the humours, doe le&s;s harm. For once I &s;aw a Woman, that laboured of a Canker in her Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> every night for four months took four or five grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> without any hurt, and to her great comfort.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Noble Woman had all the right-&s;ide of her face,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mauritius Cordaeus,</HI> con. <HI>7.</HI> in lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. mulier. <HI>Hipp.</HI></NOTE> for a long time, be&s;et with an Ulcerous Canker: She, after &s;he had made u&s;e of &s;everal means pre&s;cribed by the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Italy, France, Germany</HI> and <HI>Spain,</HI> was at length ea&s;ed by this com|mon Barber-Surgeon's remedy; &s;he cut young Chickens into thin and broad pieces, which &s;he applied to the part affected, changing them often every day. Some u&s;e the Fle&s;h of young Pige|ons.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Septicks, unle&s;s they be tamed by frequent wa&s;hing in the juice of Pur&s;elain, Lemons, Night|&s;hade, or Hou&s;leek, may not be applied to any Ul|cer; and then they mu&s;t be mixt in a &s;mall quanti|ty with &s;ome gentle Unguent, and u&s;ed onely to a part that is far from a principal one: for I have ob&s;erved them, e&s;pecially Ar&s;enick, and &s;ublimate in a greater quantity, and not tamed, applied to Ul|cers near the heart, as to a Cancer in the Brea&s;t, that they once carried off a Woman in 6 days: A|bout three hours after the Powder was &s;trewed on her Brea&s;t, &s;he, ju&s;t as if &s;he had &s;wallowed it, was taken with a Shivering, then with a Vomiting, and frequent Faintings, with a languid Pul&s;e; which &s;ymptomes encrea&s;ing by degrees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>m.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. 6. <HI>c.</HI> 18.</NOTE> her extreme parts growing cold, and her Face and whole Body &s;welling beyond mea&s;ure, &s;he was mi&s;erably mur|thered. &para; Have a care you do not u&s;e <HI>Fredo</HI>'s Me|dicines for the Canker, for they con&s;i&s;t of Ar&s;enick: but that Ar&s;enick is a de&s;tructive Medicine in can|crous affections, is certain. &para; Therefore <HI>Penotus</HI> mu&s;t not be harkened to, who, <HI>lib. de vera prepar. &amp; u&s;u med. Chym.</HI> extolls his Medicine made of Ar&s;enick to the Skies: But he, good Man, was &s;educed by others, and never made trial of it him&s;elf; as neither did <HI>Philippus Mullerus</HI> of his, which he de&s;cribes <HI>in My&s;te|riis &amp; Miraculis Chymicis.</HI> The original of the Cheat and Errour is from hence; Becau&s;e <HI>Theodorick</HI> and <HI>Lanfranc,</HI> whom <HI>Guido</HI> follows, di&s;tingui&s;hed a Can|ker, into a Canker an Impo&s;thume, and a Canker an Ulcer. The Canker an Impo&s;thume is the di&s;ea&s;e &s;o called by <HI>Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna,</HI> and others, ra|tional Phy&s;icians and Surgeons: <HI>But the Canker an &V;l|cer</HI> (&s;o <HI>Guido</HI> calls it) <HI>is, when by rea&s;on of &V;lcers or Wounds, irritated by &s;harp Medicines, bad melancholick humours become adu&s;t and troubled, and are drawn from the whole and parts adjoyning to that place, where they putrefy, grow hot, and ac|quire an acrimony and poi&s;onous quality, whence there is an en|crea&s;e of the evil di&s;po&s;ition, and it becomes a Canker:</HI> So <HI>Gui|do.</HI> But &s;uch Ulcers, though malignant, and often|times &s;tubborn, are not yet Cankers, nor ought to be confounded with a Canker, who&s;e Contumacy far &s;urpa&s;&s;es the Malice of all Ulcers. Moreover in the Canker an Ulcer, or rather in bad and ma|lignant Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ritius Hi da<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>cent.</HI> 6 <HI>ob|&s;ervat.</HI> 82.</NOTE> I have known the Powder or <HI>Arcanum</HI> of the Phy&s;ician of <HI>Norimberg,</HI> as al&s;o my E&s;charotick Unguent, to agree well with &s;everal; but in a true Canker neither of them can be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A plate of Lead &s;meared with Quick&s;ilver is no contemptible Medicine for Cankers, that are not Ulcerous: for <HI>Galen</HI> te&s;tifies, that Lead is a very u&s;efull Remedy for malignant and inveterate Ul|cers: And that &s;uch Leaden Plates &s;meared with Quick-&s;ilver, are a kind of Alexipharmack, where|by the evil di&s;po&s;ition of Malignant Ulcers is &s;ub|dued and &s;pent, when they elude the virtues of o|ther remedies, <HI>Guido</HI> is witne&s;s. When this &s;ort of Remedy was pre&s;cribed, the Lady <HI>M.</HI> for a Canker as big as a Walnut in her left brea&s;t, it's true, it did not cure her; yet it hindred the encrea&s;e of her illne&s;s. But growing weary of it, when &s;he had committed her &s;elf to a certain Phy&s;ician, who boldly promi&s;ed her a &s;peedy cure, &s;he proved by the lo&s;s of her life, how dangerous the cure is, which is undertaken after the manner of other Ul|cers: for when her Phy&s;ician had thrown this Re|medy out of doors, and applied remollient, heat|ing and drawing things, the Swelling increa&s;ed to &s;uch a bigne&s;s, that her brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> through mere di&s;ten|&s;ion, bur&s;t in the middle, whereupon an haemorrhagy ari&s;ing, that could not be &s;topt, the poor Lady ex|pired in the Armes of her Phy&s;ician.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. An occult Canker had invaded a Matron's right brea&s;t, after two years time it ro&s;e to a mani|fe&s;t Tumour. The Phy&s;ician that was con&s;ulted or|dered a Plate of Lead to be applied, and every o|ther day to &s;mear it lightly with Quick-&s;ilver; ac|cording to the example of <HI>Galen, Guido, Paraeus,</HI> &amp;c. But through the carele&s;sne&s;s of tho&s;e that lookt af|ter her, the Plates did more harm than good. In the mean time the Canker encrea&s;ed, and came to Suppuration; therefore the u&s;e of the Plate was laid a&s;ide. The Swelling broke of it &s;elf, and her torments cea&s;ed a little; but by and by they re|turned more violent and pungitive, the Canker en|crea&s;ing in all its dimen&s;ions. It de&s;erves admirati|on, that the Mercury which was formerly imbi|bed from the Plate, &s;hould drop &s;o vi&s;ibly, and in a pretty quantity out of the <HI>Carcinoma,</HI> which &s;haded the adjacent parts with its &s;hining, nay,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 7.</NOTE> and &s;weat at the &s;houlders through the whole skin. I order|ed a Plate of Gold (which Mercury u&s;es to fol|low) to be applied, and a tent of Gold for the Ulcer.</P>
<P N="15">XV. The Canker is taken away both by Medi|cines and the Knife. The Knife is better than Me|dicines; for eroding and &s;harp things cau&s;e pain, and this a greater flux of Humours. Yet the latter way of cure is &s;ometimes proper; for ero&s;ion mu&s;t be made in the Inter&s;tices of the Fingers, and in the Groin, becau&s;e the tendons and membranes in the&s;e parts would make cutting very painfull. Among the cau&s;tick Medicines there is the <HI>Holo&s;ericum Fer|nelii,</HI> and Vinegar &s;ome u&s;e, that is better, the Ly of Sope boil'd up to a con&s;i&s;tency: Ar&s;enick, which plea&s;es &s;ome, di&s;plea&s;es me: Le&s;t an Inflammation &s;hould be rai&s;ed in the Neighbourhood, apply a de|fen&s;ative round about. Thus indeed a Canker may be taken away by Medicines; but it is better to cut it out with a Knife: This cutting is either &s;peedy or &s;low. I &s;aw a Canker &s;o quickly cut from the Brea&s;t, that in the time of the operation I was &s;carce able to &s;peak three words: But when a Canker is come to a great bigne&s;s, then this &s;peedy cutting is not proper, for much good fle&s;h is taken away, and a great hole is made, out of which the &s;pirits can more freely pa&s;s, and thereby the Patient is more weakened. In this ca&s;e, to re|cruit &s;trength, Catapla&s;ms &s;teeped in Wine are ap|plied: In le&s;s Cankers we may make the Section all at once, except in tho&s;e of the Lips. But it mu&s;t be all taken away; therefore fir&s;t let the Opera|tour take the part affected, and the&s;e adjacent, in his fingers, and try well, whether all that is ami&s;s may be taken away. A Canker once cut out doth often come again. 1. When all was not cut out, through timorou&s;ne&s;s, either in the Operatour, or in the Patient. 2. Becau&s;e the Arteries that emit this vitious bloud, by rea&s;on the le&s;s Arteries are cut away from the part affected, mu&s;t contain more bloud than before, and therefore when they are open, will di&s;charge that bloud upon &s;ome other part, whence comes a new Canker. 3. Becau&s;e there is &s;o much malignity latent in the Body, that a Canker will always grow afre&s;h. A
<PB N="63" REF="37"> Canker is ea&s;ily cut out of the fle&s;h; difficultly (but it may be done) out of a Membrane and Tendon, &s;o that the&s;e parts be &s;uch as may be taken all away. For this rea&s;on, a Canker that po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es the interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles, cannot be cut, becau&s;e of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> that is joined to all the ribs.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus,</HI> meth. med. p. <HI>128.</HI></NOTE> A Canker in the bone is mo&s;t difficultly of all cut: Therefore this di&s;ea&s;e re|quires a Cautery. The di&s;&s;ection of the Canker mu&s;t not be made at a great di&s;tance, as is the cu|&s;tome in a Gangrene; yea, if it may be done, we mu&s;t cut off no good fle&s;h.</P>
<P N="16"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Amatus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>curat.</HI> 32.</NOTE>XVI. I have known &s;ome Women, who had Can|kers in their brea&s;ts, that by a good order of life, without any trouble of Topical Medicines, lived a long time, as well as if they had been troubled with no Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Although no peculiar Operation be owing to a Lip which is troubled with a Canker, other than what is due to a Canker in any other part, namely, the extirpation of the Di&s;ea&s;e, with the part it is in; yet let me caution young Operatours, that the way de&s;cribed by <HI>Aquapendent,</HI> to wit, to doe it with a &s;harp piece of Money, or hard Wood dipt now and then in <HI>Aquafortis,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horne, <HI>Michrot. p.</HI> 120.</NOTE> is by no means to be appro|ved of; becau&s;e the <HI>Carcinoma</HI> will be enraged by &s;uch a Liquour.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I will add the ob&s;ervation of the excel|lent <HI>Scultetus,</HI> that a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers is very incom|modious to cut away part of the Lip, troubled with a Canker. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e &s;omething of the Ill is always left; whence it comes to pa&s;s, that it breaks out again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 7.</NOTE> which he &s;aith he ob&s;erved twice in the &s;ame Subject.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. I cured an old Man of 84, of an exulcerate Canker in his nether Lip. I cut it out by the roots with a &s;harp Inci&s;ion Knife; the bloud ran vio|lently out, which, when I had let it run on pur|po&s;e about ten ounces, I &s;taunched, without any Searing, onely with a little burnt Cotton and A|&s;tringent Powders. After the u&s;e of Dige&s;ters good Matter ran out (a token that the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Canker was taken away.) Afterwards with a Camphorate Ointment of Ceru&s;s made in a Lea|den Mortar, I brought a Cicatrice in twenty days time. But three years after a new Canker aro&s;e in his Jaws, of which he &s;hortly died, contrary to my own, and all mens expectation, when it was not likely at the&s;e years, that an adu&s;t, Melancholick Humour &s;hould breed again, and cau&s;e a new Can|ker in another place. I was confirmed in this opi|nion, becau&s;e I had &s;een a Woman of 70, that had an Ulcerous Canker in her No&s;e, to whom I pre|&s;cribed the &s;ame Ointment, rather to ea&s;e her pain, than to cure her, who yet, beyond all hope, in a month's time, was perfectly cured. I al&s;o cured a Man of 40 of an Ulcerated Canker, as big as a Pi|geon's Egg in his nether Lip, after the &s;ame man|ner, <HI>i. e.</HI> by cutting; with the addition of preparati|on, and purging of the Melancholick Humours, and yet there aro&s;e no Canker in any other part of the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Marchet|ti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 29, <HI>&amp;</HI> 30.</NOTE> So therefore &s;ometimes we need not ca&s;t away all hope of curing tho&s;e di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="20">XX. A Canker in the Brea&s;t is &s;ometime occult, &s;ometime Ulcerous and manife&s;t: be&s;ides, the di|&s;ea&s;e is &s;ometime in one part, &s;ometime the whole Brea&s;t is affected, yea, &s;ometime it creeps farther, and gets into the Glands under the Arm-pits. Keep your hands off &s;uch, for the cure is in vain, as al&s;o experience &s;hews that to be which promi&s;es a re|covery by Medicines. Truly there is no cure here, but what is heteroclite (as <HI>Aquapendent</HI> &s;aith) that with the Di&s;ea&s;e taketh away al&s;o the part affect|ed, which is the mo&s;t u&s;ual operation. But <HI>Hiero|nymus</HI> is too &s;crupulous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van. Horne, <HI>Michrot.</HI> 135.</NOTE> in that he would fir&s;t take a|way the pain, and hinder the profu&s;ion of bloud: for the pain is but momentany, and onely &s;mall Ar|teries are cut.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. In the operation, fir&s;t of all two Needles, or a double Thread are drawn acro&s;s through the Brea&s;t: Yet the Patient is not always to be tor|mented with the double pain of cro&s;&s;ing the Needles; &s;ometimes the <HI>Carcinoma</HI> is onely taken hold on with the left hand, <HI>viz.</HI> when it is pretty moveable. Af|ter the &s;ame manner you may conveniently take away remarkable Wens or Cankers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</HI></NOTE> that grow in any other part of the body.</P>
<P N="22">XXII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> And the ve&s;&s;els that are cut mu&s;t not be &s;eared, but Medicines which &s;top bloud mu&s;t be applied.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In Cankers of the Brea&s;t it &s;eems as if we &s;hould pre&s;cribe Repellers, to intercept the greater flux of humours, if we ob&s;erve the part affected to &s;well daily, this being a token of a continual afflux, that &s;hould be repelled another way; and the part affected mu&s;t be &s;trengthened with moderate a&s;tringents, that it may not be &s;o liable to receive the flux of humours. On the other hand, we have <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Rule, <HI>It is better not to cure occult Can|kers.</HI> Nay, if according to <HI>Galen,</HI> evacuaters be more convenient than repellents in the <HI>Parotides,</HI> le&s;t the matter &s;hould be driven into the Brain; how much rather &s;hould we ab&s;tain from Repellers in a Cankrous Brea&s;t, that is &s;o near the Heart? Wherefore it is my opinion, that if we were in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e that is but coming, then we need not ab&s;tain from &s;ome of the weaker Re|pellents, mixt with weaker Dige&s;ters. For which purpo&s;e it is my cu&s;tome to make u&s;e of Oil of Ro|&s;es complete, beaten up in a leaden Mortar, with a leaden Pe&s;til, to a moderate con&s;i&s;tence: for by the benefit of this Liniment I have more than once con|quered Cankers as they were beginning. But we may not proceed to the &s;tronger Repellers, neither in the beginning, becau&s;e if the Spongy &s;ub&s;tance of the Brea&s;ts be conden&s;ed, the bloud has recour&s;e to the Womb, where it breeds a Canker: nor in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e they ha&s;ten ex|ulceration.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Magius</HI> being called to a certain Noble|man that had a Swelling in his right Brea&s;t, which they took for a Canker, judged it rather to be a <HI>Phlegmone,</HI> becau&s;e it was of no long &s;tanding. Fir&s;t of all therefore he ripened this Swelling with Wheat|flower boiled (as <HI>Galen</HI> teaches) in Water and Oil, and when &s;igns of its ripening appeared, he opened it with a Knife; which being done, good matter ran out. But before opening, he felt &s;ome palpita|tions within it, which al&s;o argued the Tumour to be no Canker. Then he u&s;ed Dige&s;ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schenckius.</NOTE> as Turpen|tine mixt with the Yelk of an Egg, and cured his Patient.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have often u&s;ed this Unguent for the Canker with good &s;ucce&s;s; Take of <HI>&V;nguent. Diapompholyg.</HI> 3 ounces, <HI>Venice</HI>-Treacle 1 ounce, <HI>Saturn</HI> calcined with Nitre, and wa&s;hed in Plantain-Water 2 ounces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Fabricius, <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 7.</NOTE> Juice of Herb <HI>Robert,</HI> as much as &s;ufficeth, to the ju&s;t con&s;i&s;tency of an Unguent. Keep it for u&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hier. Fabri|cius, <HI>Chi|rurg. l.</HI> 1 <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 27.</NOTE> An Unguent of green Frogs is very good for a Canker (&s;ee the preparation in <HI>Sennertus.</HI>) &para; Al|&s;o the Broth of Craw-fi&s;h boiled in A&s;&s;es-Milk, drunk five days &s;ucce&s;&s;ively, and this cour&s;e repeat|ed &s;even times, compo&s;es the pain of a Canker in the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="3">3. There is a Salt made out of the <HI>Caput mortuum</HI> of the preparation of Spirit of Soot, that is a mo&s;t excellent thing in an Ulcerated Canker. This Salt is drawn off with Vinegar, and in &s;ome cool place is di&s;&s;olved into a Liquour again, and with this Can|krous Ulcers are &s;everal times anointed;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Hart|mannus, <HI>prax. chym. p.</HI> 18.</NOTE> The poi|&s;on is drawn out vi&s;ibly like a &s;team. Then the Oil of Soot gently &s;prinkled upon it, and frequent|ly, brings a cru&s;t over it like a skin, which fal|ling off in five or &s;ix days time, &s;hews that the Ul|cer is healed.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="64" REF="38">4. <HI>Fabricius</HI> a&s;&s;erts from certain Experience, that the following Water is admirable in curing Ulce|rous Cankers. It is made thus; Take &s;ucking Pup|pies, put them in Wine, and di&s;till it half off <HI>in Bal|neo;</HI> then take the Puppies out, and boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Golden-Rod-Water, or in com|mon Water with Golden-Rod in it; when the De|coction is made, add the Water that was di&s;tilled off the young Dogs, and boil them together till the fle&s;h come from the bones.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>De Heredia,</HI> de morb. mul. p. <HI>229.</HI></NOTE> Then di&s;till them all <HI>in Balneo.</HI> Keep the Water for u&s;e. Wet dry clothes or rags in this, and apply it to the Ulcerous <HI>Carcino|ma:</HI> For upon certain experience it heals the &s;ore by clean&s;ing and drying. I &s;hould add in the De|coction Leaves of Burnet, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and A&s;h, which are commended by all Men for the Canker. &para; This is one Man's Secret; Take of Quick-Lime wrought up thick with Honey, and burnt to pow|der in an Earthen Pot, and powdered, 3 drachms, Vitriol, Alum, Orpiment, Verdigrea&s;e, <HI>Sal</HI>-Gem, each half a drachm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>240.</HI></NOTE> Make a Powder, &s;trow it on, and it cures the Canker.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Peccettus, <HI>Chirurg. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE>5. The powder of a Mil&s;tone, or the Clayey &s;tuff that comes from a Grind&s;tone, when you grind Tools upon it, applied either by it &s;elf, or mixt with Oil of Myrtle, and with the Juice of Night|&s;hade, or Plantain, anointed upon the place is good to &s;trengthen it after the cure of the Canker. &para; The Oil of Eggs, rubbed in a Leaden Mortar till it grow thick, doth operate powerfully in ea&s;ing the pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> palliating a cure in an Ulcerous Can|ker.</P>
<P N="6">6. The Head of a Puppy a month old cut off and dried and powdered,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Praevotius,</HI> med. pauper. p. <HI>182.</HI> Id. p. <HI>100.</HI></NOTE> mixt with Honey, and laid on an Ulcerous Canker, is &s;aid to kill it; or, wa&s;h it with Ivy-water, and then lay Ivy-Leaves upon it. &para; Oil of Olives, with the Flowers of Wheat gathered in the Spring, &s;et in the Sun for &s;everal days, is good to anoint an Ulcerous Can|ker. A Country fellow did &s;tupendous things with this.</P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Salmu|thus, <HI>ob&s;. cent.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 71.</NOTE>7. Mother of Time, black Hellebore, Fumitory, and things compounded of them, as <HI>Pilulae de Fumaria, Confectio Hamech,</HI> &amp;c. are e&s;pecially commended for evacuating black Choler. &para; The Fi&s;h of boiled Cockles, and Crawfi&s;h is good to ea&s;e the pain. But there is an Oil di&s;tilled from green Frogs <HI>per de&s;cen|&s;um,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>109.</HI></NOTE> which is excellent both to give ea&s;e, and cure the Canker. &para; Lead is highly commended by all men: Therefore all Medicines for this Di&s;ea&s;e are mo&s;t conveniently prepared in a Leaden Mortar, with a Leaden Pe&s;til. An Ointment of Lead may be made thus; if two thick Plates of Lead have Oil of Ro&s;es poured on them, and rubbed &s;o long one again&s;t the other, till it acquire the form of a Liniment.</P>
<P N="8">8. In a Canker that was not Ulcerous I have of|ten u&s;ed this Repelling and dige&s;ting Medicine. Take of old Treacle 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vigerius</HI> oper. chi|rurg. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE> Juice of Crawfi&s;h, Lettuce, and Oil of Ro&s;es each 1 ounce, Yelks of Eggs ro&s;ted in Embers, N^o 2. Camphire half a drachm. Mix them together in a Leaden Mortar. Make an Unguent.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Capitis affectus in genere, Intemperies,</HI> Or, The Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head in general, its Intemperature.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, What Vein &s;hould be opened? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of letting Bloud according to the Laws of Circulation. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Phlegmagogues mu&s;t be added in every intemperature. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What time Pills &s;hould be given? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They do not purge the Head better than other forms of Medi|cines. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a hot Intemperature we mu&s;t Purge cautiou&s;ly. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Purges mu&s;t be given in an Intemperature, with Melancho|ly. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Sneezers and Apophlegmati&s;ms do work? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Violent Sneezers doe hurt in &s;mall di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are very good in Defluxions. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A powerfull Apophlegmati&s;m. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A cold Intemperature, whether from an outward or inward cau&s;e, how cured? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aquae Vitae</HI> are not always &s;afe. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether an I&s;&s;ue be proper in the Coronal Suture? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Patients mu&s;t not be tired with a multitude of Cauteries. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a hot Intemperature, whether application of hot things doe good? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what cautions the Head mu&s;t be wa&s;hed? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not proper for all men. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Pla&s;ters applied to the Nape of the Neck. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Benefit and manner of Rubbing. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topicks applied to the Heart doe good. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Benefit of Pla&s;ters to the Feet. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Co&s;tivene&s;s bad for the Head. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coriander good for the Head. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spiced Caps often doe harm. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too hot, too cold, or too a&s;tringent things mu&s;t not be put in them. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are mo&s;t proper in e&s;&s;ential di&s;ea&s;es of the Head. <HI>XXVIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Medicines.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. PHy&s;icians do not all agree, what Vein &s;hould be opened in di&s;ea&s;es of the Head; yet it is altogether nece&s;&s;ary a di&s;tinction &s;hould be made; and we mu&s;t take good notice what the Laws of Evacuation from the whole, what tho&s;e of Revul&s;ion and Evacuation from the part affected do require. For in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t not have re&s;pect onely to the Head, but to the whole Body al&s;o, and to the part whence the flux of Bloud comes; and we mu&s;t &s;o order Bloud-letting that it may doe good and not hurt, that is, that we may hinder the bloud from running to the Head. There|fore in the beginning &s;uch a Vein &s;hould be opened, as may both evacuate the abounding bloud, and draw it from the Head; but we mu&s;t by no means in the beginning open a Vein in the Head it &s;elf. But if the fullne&s;s come from the whole Body, we mu&s;t bleed in the Arm: if abundance of bloud, and the di&s;ea&s;e of the Head proceed from &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> or Haemorrhoids, we mu&s;t con&s;ider the quantity of the abounding bloud, and the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e in the Head, that depends upon it: For if the quantity of bloud be le&s;s, and the Di|&s;ea&s;e will give truce, we may bleed in the foot fir&s;t, and that &s;everal times, becau&s;e the&s;e Veins make both Abatement and Revul&s;ion. But &s;ince the&s;e Veins in the feet, as being &s;mall, do evacuate the bloud but &s;lowly, if there be a great quantity of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE> and the Di&s;ea&s;e be violent, and therefore pre&s;ent help be required, we may fir&s;t bleed in the Arm,
<PB N="65" REF="38"> and then take care to recover the cour&s;e of Nature. At length, when the Body is evacuated, and the Flux cea&s;ed, if the Illne&s;s go not off, a Vein may be opened in the Head.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Circulation of the Bloud teaches, how we may &s;uccour the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riolanus,</HI> Anthropogr. in fine l. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> when &s;ick: For if the Bloud a&s;cend to the Brain onely by the <HI>Carotides,</HI> and de&s;cend by the Jugulars, to bleed often in the Arm will doe good: And Cupping bloudy and dry, frequently applied to the top of the Shoul|ders, the Neck and Poll, hard rubbing of the Limbs both above and below, will conduce to the revul&s;ion and derivation from and evacuation of the part affected. &para; But Experience &s;hews, that ope|ning the <HI>Saphaena</HI> does better and &s;ooner quiet &s;everal cephalick affections, e&s;pecially the Head-ach, than any Vein in the Arm: Perhaps the Rea&s;on may be brought from the &s;ame Circulation of the Bloud, becau&s;e the mouths of the Arteries lye here more open to the Veins, the Bloud that is drawn thence is of a more arterious nature: The &s;ame Rea&s;on may be given for the <HI>Salvatella</HI> in the Hands, of the Efficacy whereof no one doubts.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem. Sect.</HI> 6. <HI>v.</HI> 36. propo&s;es a Vomit, for taking away a fulne&s;s of the Head, whereby it is &s;ucce&s;sfully and quickly purged: and tho&s;e that vomit know as much, for when they vo|mit, great &s;tore of Humours run out at their Mouth, Eyes and No&s;e. Wherefore, 4. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 18. <HI>Di&s;ea&s;es above the Diaphragm, that want Purging, &s;ignifie, they &s;hould he purged upwards.</HI> And, <HI>lib. de loc. v.</HI> 173. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2. In a Defluxion from the Head a Vomit is good. There|fore farewell they, that are &s;o fearfull of a Vomit in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, and think the Head is &s;tuf|fed the fuller by it:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martianus <HI>comm. in</HI> Hipp.</NOTE> For although in the very act of Vomiting it &s;eem to be a little filled, yet be|cau&s;e &s;uch fulne&s;s is from Vapours, which, as &s;oon as the Vomiting is over, do vani&s;h, we cannot &s;ay, the Head is filled by Vomiting. &para; Extraneous Fer|ments, whereever in the Body they be bred, and the deeper Seeds of Di&s;ea&s;es, can never be got out without the u&s;e of Vomits: but Vomits are found very beneficial in the Di&s;ea&s;es e&s;pecially of the Brain and nervous kind: for by this &s;ort of Phy&s;ick not onely the filth of the Stomach and Bowels, that corrupts the Chyle and Bloud, is plentifully di&s;|charged; but the Glands likewi&s;e, which are plan|ted in the Bowels for Emunctories of the Bloud and nervous Juice,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> Tharm. rat. cap. <HI>2.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> are &s;queezed out, the choledochal ve&s;&s;els, and other receptacles of Excrements are a|bundantly evacuated, in&s;omuch that the&s;e being emptied are more ready to receive the recrements and &s;uperfluities of either humour, that would o|therwi&s;e be apt to overflow the Head.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Galen</HI>'s advice, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <GAP DESC="foreign">. mu&s;t be ob&s;er|ved; that in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, whatever hu|mour be the cau&s;e, Medicines that purge Phlegm mu&s;t be mixt with the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Paulus, lib.</HI> 7. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. writes, that they who give a Purge at night or after meat, doe harm, the Food corrupting, and the Phy&s;ick working le&s;s than it &s;hould: Rea&s;on &s;eems to confirm this, for &s;o concoction is interrupted, di&s;tribution of the Ali|ment vitiated, and the Phy&s;ick works imperfectly, its purgative virtue being weakned by the Food: But Experience contradicts it, which &s;hews, that Pills given after Supper do purge the Head very well, without the forementioned Inconveniences; as <HI>J. R. Saltzmannus</HI> declares, in <HI>Hildanus, cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 72. I light (&s;aith he) not long &s;ince on <HI>Dama&s;cenus,</HI> and upon that Aphori&s;m of his, wherein he orders, <HI>if you have a mind to purge the Head or any other remote part, that you give Pills after meat.</HI> But our <HI>Methodus medendi</HI> is contrary to this which per&s;uades us to give our Purges, e&s;pecially &s;uch as purge any particular hu|mour, upon an empty Stomach, or if they are very &s;trong to take a little Broth before them. I &s;hall not here give rea&s;ons; But Experience confirms <HI>Da|ma&s;cenus</HI> his rule, for oftentimes in &s;everal ca&s;es our chief Phy&s;icians give Pills after Supper with great &s;ucce&s;s, as I after their example have done &s;everal times. And, to &s;peak the truth, I have not yet ob|&s;erved a more pre&s;ent Remedy to purge the Brain from all &s;uperfluous humours. And, which is won|derfull, they are given in a much le&s;s Do&s;e than tho&s;e that are taken in the morning fa&s;ting. They are taken an hour or two after a light Supper, &s;lee|ping upon them: About four, five or &s;ix by the clock in the morning they work gently, and with|out any grievous &s;ymptom, <HI>viz.</HI> reaching, vomiting, lo&s;s of appetite, gripes, or any other: And they may be repeated &s;ometimes every night, &s;ometimes every other night. And thus &s;everal have been pur|ged by a little Do&s;e, who before could not be mo|ved with twice as much, when they took it in the morning fa&s;ting.</P>
<P N="6">VI. It is al&s;o the opinion of many, that the Head is emptied better by Pills, than by Potions or <HI>Bo|lus</HI>'s, becau&s;e they draw more violently from the di&s;tant part, through their long abode in the Sto|mach: This indeed is certain, that Pills do purge the Head effectually; but they have this not from their form, but from the &s;trong Medicines of which they are made. This mi&s;take had its ri&s;e from a fal&s;e &s;uppo&s;ition, that Purgatives taken into the Stomach, did draw the bad humours from the whole Body thither, which is not true (for were it &s;o, Pla&s;ters to the Navel, and Purgatives held in ones hand, or &s;melled to, would not purge) but they doe it by transfu&s;ing &s;omething of them&s;elves into the Body, whence there ari&s;es a commotion and fermentation of the humours, upon which the expul&s;ive faculty being provoked, and driving the humours with the Purge headlong into the Guts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> excretion follows.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Do not purge the Head of a man in a Fever, le&s;t he go mad; for purgative Medicines heat the Head, and the Heat that is in the Medicine joining the febrile heat, cau&s;eth Mad|ne&s;s,</HI> &s;aith <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de loc. in hom.</HI> Which to me &s;eems very con&s;entaneous to rea&s;on, and therefore if a man have a violent Fever, and e&s;pecially in his upper parts or have his Head inflamed, or if his Head ake, or he be phrenitick, or if he have a great Ulcer, which cannot &s;afely be irritated, I avoid Phy&s;ick as much as I can, knowing for certain, that it affects the Head: Sleep &s;hews this, which pre|&s;ently &s;eizes them that have taken a Purge. If I can, I content my &s;elf with &s;harp Cly&s;ters and a low Diet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius. 2. <HI>Epid.</HI> 6. <HI>p.</HI> 225.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. In an Intemperature of the Head with Me|lancholy, always &s;ome Moi&s;tner mu&s;t be mixt with Purgatives: Nor may a Purge be pre&s;cribed till the body be fir&s;t moi&s;tned.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Ancients &s;aid, that Sneezers and Apo|phlegmati&s;ms were indicated by excrementitious hu|mours gathered in the Ventricles and &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain. This latter Age thinks not that the&s;e parts do empty the humours gathered there by the No&s;e and Palate; nor that what is evacuated, is excrements of nutrition gathered in the Meanders of the No&s;trils and Membranes of the Palate and Jaws; but in &s;ome mens opinion they are bilous, phlegmatick, melancholick and &s;erous humours, derived thither partly by the Arteries from the whole body, and partly from the Salival ducts.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinccius,</HI> meth. med. &s;pecialis. p. <HI>605.</HI></NOTE> For this rea&s;on they are indicated by the cacochymick impurity of the bloud, diluted with much <HI>Serum,</HI> that its flowing into the Brain, its farther mixture with the circulated bloud, and its approach to the more noble parts may be prevented.</P>
<P N="10">X. If you make u&s;e of Sneezers, to unload the Brain in its Intemperature with Phlegm, you mu&s;t ab&s;tain from violent ones, as Powder of white Hel|lebore, Root of Lily Conval, and the like, becau&s;e of the great agitation they cau&s;e in the Brain, con|venient onely for &s;uch as are in a Lethargy or Apo|plexy; it is &s;ufficient if you onely put a Fibre of the Root into the No&s;tril, and then pull it out again.</P>
<P N="11"><PB N="66" REF="39">XI. Some think, that the u&s;e of Ptarmicks does rather encrea&s;e than hinder a defluxion of humours from the head to the brea&s;t, and that this &s;hould not be u&s;ed but in ca&s;e of extreme nece&s;&s;ity, and univer&s;als premi&s;ed. But in my opinion they are grievou&s;ly out, &s;eeing in great and &s;udden &s;uffoca|ting defluxions they are very properly and &s;ucce&s;|fully u&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Quercetan.</HI> Phr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. degm. re|&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t. c. <HI>18.</HI></NOTE> For Nature hath ordained the&s;e Chanels for the emptying of the Brain, whom Art imitating doth &s;o promote, that in an open and free pa&s;&s;age through this &s;ame way the cour&s;e of the &s;erous hu|mours is expedited and turned back. <HI>Avicenna</HI> u&s;es a certain vaporous Sternutatory, made of very &s;trong Vinegar, in which he di&s;&s;olves a little Ca|&s;tor, the &s;team whereof cau&s;es violent &s;neezing.</P>
<P N="12">XII. As much Extract of Tobacco, made with <HI>A|qua vitae,</HI> as a Pea&s;e, laid on the Tongue, brings off a great deal of Phlegm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Exceed not this quantity; for if it get into the Stomach, it will cau&s;e grie|vous vomiting.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. As often as the Head is indi&s;po&s;ed by out|ward Cold of the Air, Water or Snow, or the No&s;e doth run, or they be troubled with a defect of ani|mal Spirits, &s;o often I have ob&s;erved my Patients &s;uccesfully and quickly cured, if, as quickly as may be, that be driven out of the Head again which was got into it, or any other part of the body, and was hurtfull to them. And this either by one Sweat, or, which I prefer, by &s;everal; but they mu&s;t be &s;pirituous and volatile: becau&s;e they mu&s;t be &s;uch as not onely alter and correct the cau&s;e of the Cold and of other evils attending it, but amend whatever ami&s;s is introduced into the body, contai|ned or containing. For this purpo&s;e I commend the following Receipt: <HI>Take of Water of Fumitory, Fenil, each</HI> 2 <HI>ounces, &s;imple Treacle or any other Aromatick water</HI> 1 <HI>ounce, Spirit of Sal Ammoniack</HI> 20 <HI>drops, Oil of Cloves</HI> 3 <HI>drops,</HI> Bezoarticum minerale <HI>half a drachm,</HI> Laudanum Opiatum 2 <HI>grains, Syrup of red Poppies</HI> 1 <HI>ounce; mix them.</HI> Let the Patient take two &s;poonfuls of this Medicine, and when he is moderately covered ex|pect a Sweat, which he will facilitate and obtain his de&s;ire, if every half hour he take as much of it, till the Sweat bur&s;t out, for then he mu&s;t u&s;e it more &s;eldom and &s;paringly: he mu&s;t u&s;e now and then &s;ome plain broth, with a little Wine in it, to repair his &s;trength, and make him the more able to &s;weat the longer; for nothing does them &s;o much good as a gentle Sweat &s;ometime. As often as the natu|ral and competent Secretion of the animal Spirits is hindred by an inward or agui&s;h chilne&s;s, or by any other, that without an Ague fit doth now and then &s;eize a man; &s;o often by the like Sudorifick rightly u&s;ed, the Sweat ari&s;ing &s;ometimes &s;ooner, &s;ometimes later, the de&s;ired Secretion of the ani|mal Spirits, &s;o nece&s;&s;ary to humane felicity is &s;oo|ner or later re&s;tored: for by help of this or the like &s;pirituous,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Syl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ax. med. l <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>1.</HI> &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. <HI>21.</HI> ad. <HI>36.</HI></NOTE> volatile and aromatick Medicine the hurtfull and cold Vapour is di&s;cu&s;&s;ed and di&s;&s;ipated in Sweat or in&s;en&s;ible Tran&s;piration, which cau&s;ed that dulne&s;s in the &s;en&s;e and liftle&s;ne&s;s in motion. And whoever in &s;uch an internal or external Cold do think to cure by Bleeding, Vomiting or Purging, they ca&s;t their Patients into greater hazards, e|ven of Life it &s;elf, as I have ob&s;erved more than once, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="14">XIV. The natural temperament of the Brain &s;ee|ing it is very moderate, we &s;hould therefore u&s;e both inward and outward Medicines for the Head, with great caution, le&s;t while we change its native temper, we bring &s;ome great mi&s;chief on this mo&s;t noble part. Wherefore their boldne&s;s is not to be approved of, who attribute &s;o much to tho&s;e Wa|ters called <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> being made of violent hot things, that they affirm all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head may be both prevented and cured by the u&s;e of the&s;e &s;ame Waters; not con&s;idering, that mo&s;t Di&s;|ea&s;es of the Head do come rather from hot cau&s;es than cold, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e per&s;ons that are either in their youth or manhood. Be&s;ides, in our <HI>Germany</HI> the way of mo&s;t mens living is &s;uch, that there is &s;carce one in a hundred who gathers not a particu|lar <HI>Plethora</HI> in his Head: Whence it happens, if the u&s;e of <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> be pre&s;cribed to one of the&s;e men, that it, &s;eeing it is altogether vaporous, immedi|ately gets into the Head, and di&s;turbs it, being full of various humours, and di&s;po&s;es it either to the Epilep&s;ie, Apoplexie, or to dangerous Catarrhs. But that this opinion does not want experiment, you may under&s;tand from this, that tho&s;e Apople|ctick per&s;ons to whom the&s;e <HI>Aquae vitae</HI> are given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethaeus, <HI>a|pud</HI> Schenc|kium.</NOTE> do almo&s;t all of them dye or grow wor&s;e, as I have of|ten ob&s;erved, and do find it ob&s;erved by others.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Some pre&s;cribe an I&s;&s;ue in the Coronal Su|ture to be made with a Cautery, and do commend it for drawing out and evacuating the humours from the Brain and its Cover. Although this is ve|ry familiar in &s;ome mens practice; yet I have known it &s;ucceed but ill with &s;everal, &s;o that I have orde|red many I&s;&s;ues, thus made in the top of the Head, to be &s;topt up, and that, convinced of it by rea&s;on as well as by experience: For the Bloud transfers more Feculencies towards the place, where it u&s;ed to lay its Recrements, and di&s;charges them all thereabout, and e&s;pecially in the part affected (as being weaker and more &s;u&s;ceptive of them) whence it happens that the Di&s;ea&s;e is oftner increa&s;ed than cured. For the &s;ame rea&s;on, namely, to derive the humours from within the Head to without, &s;ome <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ig fontanels in the <HI>Bregma,</HI> above the Coronal Su|ture, and others behind in the head, at the begin|ning of the Lambdoeidal Suture: but the &s;ame Ex|ception is again&s;t this as again&s;t the former. But much better certainly doth an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm prevent the morbifick matter that u&s;ed to be di&s;charged on the Brain, one in the Leg makes Revul&s;ion of it, and one made a little below the Head derives it thence. Therefore for the more grievous Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brain or its Meninges in Infants and bigger Chil|dren, we cut a hole in the nape of the Neck; in grown Per&s;ons and old Men we make Cauteries on each &s;ide the Spine between the Shoulders, and there we make I&s;&s;ues big enough to receive &s;everal Pea&s;e, with great benefit. As for holes cut or burnt behind the Ear, or a Seton drawn through its carnous lobe, I have &s;eldom ob&s;erved them to doe any good, but often to create much trouble; ina&s;much as the Solution of continuity made in the&s;e parts doth not run much ichorous matter, nor long: for alth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ugh the hole be &s;topt with a Pea&s;e or Pill,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> yet the skin will grow over it in &s;pite of ones Teeth.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Avicenna, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>fen.</HI> 1. <HI>tr.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 33. propo&s;es Inci&s;ion of the Arteries in the Temples, or burning them with Cauteries, for the interception of Va|pours which a&s;cend with the arterious bloud through the Arteries; and he de&s;cribes the man|ner, and things nece&s;&s;ary for &s;uch an operation at large. And he orders three Cauteries to be appli|ed to the Head, that the humours may be drawn from the Brain; two upon the Temples, to inter|cept the humours and vapours a&s;cending from be|low, and one in the <HI>Nucha,</HI> or behind, between the Head and the Neck. But <HI>Jacobus de partibus</HI> doth not without rea&s;on add in his Commentary, <HI>Since mo&s;t Patients will &s;carce admit of gentle Remedies, who will endure to be &s;o often burnt?</HI> And therefore he advi&s;es the Phy|&s;ician, never to attempt the u&s;e of &s;o many Caute|ries, except they be earne&s;tly reque&s;ted by the Pa|tient and his Friends: becau&s;e it is a que&s;tion whe|ther by the u&s;e of them the Di&s;ea&s;e will determine, and it may be feared, when the Ulcers are healed, the Di&s;ea&s;e will return.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Whether is the application of hot things good for the hot intemperature of the Head? This hath been tried e&s;pecially by our modern Chymi&s;ts, who in a hot cau&s;e u&s;e the mo&s;t &s;ubtile Spirit of Wine outwardly, that the Pores may be opened,
<PB N="67" REF="39"> and the hot Spirits drawn out by a &s;imilitude in &s;ub|&s;tance; and this hath place in a hot Intemperature coming from a hot cau&s;e, but not in all; which is effectually performed by Camphire, drawing out the hot vapours by rea&s;on of its likene&s;s, &s;o ma|king way by the tenuity of its parts for other Me|dicines, and not as is commonly thought: For Phy|&s;icians being convinced by the evidence of the thing it &s;elf do well conclude it to be hot. Upon the like rea&s;on Snow and cold water are applied to the Limbs benummed with Cold, and not cold but hot things to a Burn; &s;o the Fi&s;h of Cockles outward|ly applied &s;okes up all moi&s;ture.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Three things mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in wa&s;hing the Head, <HI>viz.</HI> that contrary to the common cu&s;tome, the Head mu&s;t &s;o lean back, as that the Eyes may look upwards. To u&s;e bitter Almonds in&s;tead of Soap,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ult.</HI> 27.</NOTE> and not to rub with too hot Cloths, nor over|heat the Head with too violent rubbing.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Wa&s;hes prepared by Art doe the Head more good, and are u&s;ed with le&s;s danger than Bath-wa|ters. Some are of opinion that the Head is weak|ned with frequent Wa&s;hing: And it holds good in a &s;trong head, and one unaccu&s;tomed to wa&s;hing; but of an infirm head, and &s;uch as is accu&s;tomed to wa&s;h off the filth, it is not true. We mu&s;t wa&s;h in Summer time in the Morning, in Winter be|fore Supper; and the &s;ame day the Feet mu&s;t be wa&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. For Epileptick per&s;ons, and tho&s;e that are any other way troubled in their Head, a Pla&s;ter of Gumms is very good applied to the Nape of the Neck; from which a certain Nobleman, by the advice of an Empirick &s;ound much benefit. Either becau&s;e it hinders the a&s;cent of Vapours and hot bloud to the Head, or becau&s;e it wa&s;tes the vellica|ting Humours from the original of the Nerves. Three are laid on the Nape one after another,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 25.</NOTE> and there let alone till they fall off of them&s;elves, which will la&s;t for &s;ome weeks; then the place mu&s;t be wa&s;hed with &s;ome warm water, and another appli|ed. Thus Pla&s;ters of Tacamahacha, Caranna, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> applied to both Temples and the Forehead do in|tercept the Humours that fall upon the Eyes and Teeth, and do bind the pa&s;&s;ages in the Veins.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Rubbing the extreme parts is commended; but &s;uch a rubbing of the Head as fills it with Va|pours, and does not empty it, mu&s;t be avoided. Let univer&s;al evacuation precede it, then let it be done in this manner, fir&s;t, let the Neck, Arms and Spine of the Back be &s;toutly rubbed, then the Thighs and Legs, and la&s;t of all the Head: for then there is no danger of drawing Vapours or Fumes to the Head, becau&s;e they are already diverted to the parts afar off. Thus it may be done, the Brain be|ing fir&s;t evacuated: Friction mu&s;t be made in other parts of the Body with a cour&s;e Cloth hot, but in the Head not with a very hot Cloth, it is &s;ufficient if the Cloth be onely dry and not hot at all; and this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in the Epilep&s;ie, Apoplexy, Catarrh and other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, that we be|gin our Friction from the Neck, de&s;cending by de|grees to the lower parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rond let<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>Pract. Med.</HI> 77.</NOTE> even to the Legs and Feet.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Anatomi&s;ts and Experience it &s;elf do &s;hew, that the Heart has a great &s;ympathy with the Brain: for the Heart &s;upplies the Brain with vital Spirits, and in Swoonings it is known that the hurt is com|municated to the Brain; &s;o when the Brain is hurt, the Heart al&s;o &s;ympathizeth: Therefore in an Epilep&s;ie the trembling of the Heart does en&s;ue, that malignity which troubled the Brain, being communicated al&s;o to the Heart. And the ca&s;e &s;tanding thus, it will not be ami&s;s in great hurts of the Brain, to apply comfortable Topicks to the Heart. I will confirm this with Experience; As I was upon Recovery from a malignant Fever, that had ca&s;t me into a Lethargy, upon any &s;light oc|ca&s;ion I u&s;ed to fall into Watching, which pre&s;ent|ly brought me very low: Wherefore when I was once in great danger of my life, and I perceived not onely the Faculties of my Brain, but the Strength of my Heart to be much wa&s;ted, I ap|plied a Cordial Epitheme to the Region of my Heart, and then I compo&s;ed my &s;elf to &s;leep: And as the virtue of the Epitheme penetrated and &s;trengthened the Heart, I perceived as it were a certain Beam a&s;cend from my Heart to my Brain, which gave wonderfull Relief to my Head;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Orthaeus <HI>a|pud</HI> S henc|kium.</NOTE> after|wards I fell into a &s;weet Sleep. And after this, I perceived the &s;ame Experiment did good to others.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. I &s;hall confirm the efficacy of Pla&s;ters to the Feet in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, from a very rare Ob&s;ervation. Some years ago a young <HI>Dane</HI> be|ing returned from a far Travel beyond the Seas, up|on altering his Diet fell into a grievous Ophthalmy, or a <HI>Chemo&s;is</HI> rather, the Balls of his Eyes &s;tarting out, and his Eye-lids inverted, he could neither endure the Light, nor the lea&s;t Breath of Air, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;o that neither I, nor a very skilfull Chirurgeon, could find any Remedy doe good to this growing and per|tinacious Evil; but we were forced to make u&s;e of the la&s;t Remedies, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the la&s;t Secti|on of his Aphori&s;ms commends; nor yet did the Pa|tient perceive the lea&s;t benefit by all the&s;e things; wherefore I thought with my &s;elf either to leave my Patient to the Progno&s;tick upon the &s;acred au|thority of <HI>Hippocrates;</HI> or apply my &s;elf according to his rule, to undertake the Cure of this <HI>Chemo&s;is</HI> another way. I enquire therefore more carefully and narrowly into my Patient's former cour&s;e of life: He told me how he had undergone the great|e&s;t hard&s;hips, and that he was almo&s;t killed with his Toil in <HI>Candy,</HI> when he &s;erved the <HI>Venetians</HI> as a Foot-&s;oldier: He prote&s;ted ingeniou&s;ly, he never defiled him&s;elf with tho&s;e Vices, which are the fruits of Youth, and with which &s;ome Travellers of all Na|tions come home filthily polluted, like Dogs that have lo&s;t their tails. Seeing therefore this civil young Man did, among other things, complain of great heat in his Feet, for which he could not &s;leep; I ask him farther, whether his pain went &s;ome time off, or were continual, and whether new or old? He told me it was continual, and old. Therefore I ask him, how long &s;ince it began? He &s;aid, he could not re&s;olve me that. I could not re&s;t here, being willing to get out of him the true cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e or Symptome: wherefore, when, among other things, he had told me how he had travelled long Journeys and very fa&s;t on foot from <HI>Padua</HI> to <HI>Hamburgh,</HI> and that he had performed this foot Jour|ney in five weeks time. I began to &s;u&s;pect that the heat of his feet had overheated his bloud, yet with|out a Fever, and that this bloud either cau&s;ed or fomented the Di&s;ea&s;e in his eyes. Upon this I had a mind to try how far carefull Rea&s;oning could help practical Studies, or how much Anatomy (&s;ome|times by Authours called u&s;ele&s;s, and which even <HI>Galen,</HI> 4. <HI>Anat. adm. c.</HI> 1. &s;eems to &s;tyle rather <HI>wran|gling</HI> than <HI>profitable</HI>) could conduce to the Study of the Practice of Phy&s;ick, or whether the Circulati|on of the bloud could doe as much in curing an <HI>Oph|thalmia,</HI> as it does in curing an <HI>Agrypnia</HI> (or <HI>Want of Sleep.</HI>) Therefore I obeyed <HI>Hippocrates, l. de loc.</HI> his Axiome, <HI>That old Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be made new ones,</HI> that is, as I ever under&s;tood it, they mu&s;t be pre&s;&s;ed upon with new proper Remedies afre&s;h, ju&s;t as if a fre&s;h fit of any Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould come upon one: And I re|newed the Cure of this <HI>Chemo&s;is:</HI> Be&s;ides, in the fore|cited place He gives in cha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ge, that <HI>In Di&s;ea&s;es, that a man under&s;tands not, he mu&s;t give a violent Purge,</HI> which Rule I followed, as <HI>Ariadne</HI>'s Thread. Therefore, Univer&s;als premi&s;ed, I commend to my Patient <HI>Em|pla&s;trum Imperiale Jac. Fabricii</HI> as a thing, who&s;e excel|lent virtues I had often tried in a&s;&s;waging Pains of the Gout; But becau&s;e in this individual a bare hot Intemperature without matter had &s;eized his feet, I mixed with one ounce of this Pla&s;ter of Nitre
<PB N="68" REF="40"> prepared and Gum <HI>Caranna</HI> each half an ounce, and in five or &s;ix days time not onely the Intempera|ture of his Feet was corrected, but by chance al&s;o I found a Remedy for Corns in the Feet; for when the Soles of his Feet were uneven and thick be&s;et with innumerable Corns, it happened, that by u|&s;ing this Nitrous Pla&s;ter they every one withered away. And by this method was this young Man freed from an enormous Ophthalmy, that had laid him up in a dark hole eleven weeks, who to this day (as it is now three years &s;ince) hath not &s;uf|fered the lea&s;t <HI>Taraxis</HI> (or <HI>Bloud-&s;hed</HI>) in his Eye. Henceforth therefore let them hold their Tongue, who frowardly deny the Circulation of the Bloud: for I verily fore&s;ee, that in future Ages, it will give light to many ab&s;tru&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, even tho&s;e they call Di&s;ea&s;es <HI>of the Form.</HI> But here this <HI>Quaere</HI> mu&s;t be re&s;olved, Why tho&s;e things we apply to the Feet are commonly believed to benefit the Head? The Rea&s;on is at hand, Becau&s;e by application of hot or cold things to the Feet or the Soles thereof, the Bloud is quicklier altered by rea&s;on of the nu|merous <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;es</HI> of Veins and Arteries there, which being altered, is by means of Circulation carried to the Head: So Bli&s;ters applied to the Wri&s;t either take away or abate the Fever: they take it away, when the febrile ferment, that is then in the Veins, runs out with the <HI>Serum</HI> into the Bli&s;ter rai&s;ed on the Wri&s;t: they onely abate it when part remains behind. And cold Alteratives cool the Bloud, as when we apply Nitre di&s;&s;olved in Let|tuce-water, or the pulp of a Lemon to the Wri&s;t. He therefore that would have a care of his Health, would doe well,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>S. Pauli</HI> Di|gre&s;&s;. de Fe|brious ma|lignis, p. <HI>83.</HI></NOTE> if by rea&s;on of the &s;aid <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;es</HI> he fence his Hands and Feet well again&s;t the inju|ries of the Air, and avoid &s;uch Objects, e&s;pecially extreme cold ones. A certain per&s;on (&s;aith the fa|mous <HI>P. Marquardus Slegelius</HI>) being employed in clear|ing away &s;ome Ice, wherein he u&s;ed an Iron tool, &s;ell &s;uddenly into a Swoon, the Cold being tran&s;|mitted by his Hand to his Heart, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. In all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, mo&s;t Men ac|knowledge, it is good to keep the Body loo&s;e; but few &s;hew a rea&s;on for it. Now I think Co&s;tive|ne&s;s is pernicious, not chiefly, becau&s;e the matter retained in the Guts often hinder the nece&s;&s;ary u&s;e of Remedies; but becau&s;e Vapours are perpetual|ly elevated from the matter retained, and from o|ther Humours of the lower Parts, to the higher Parts of the Body, and e&s;pecially to the Head: For the&s;e Vapours, while they continually affect the Head, otherwi&s;e afflicted, are not onely burthen|&s;ome in quantity, but according to the different qualities di&s;turb and corrupt the animal Spirits, whereupon all the ills in the Head grow wor&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethaeus <HI>a|pud</HI> Schenc|kium.</NOTE> and new Symptomes frequently ari&s;e: Therefore it is good in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head to keep the Body open.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. It is very well known that Coriander is given to &s;uppre&s;s Vapours ari&s;ing from the Stomach to the Head: Yet &s;ome di&s;approve the u&s;e of it, becau&s;e it is its nature to affect the Head, nor does it hinder the a&s;cent of Vapours, but rather carry them with it &s;elf to the Head; yea, and according to <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> cau&s;e Madne&s;s: But this is, if it be immoderately taken, which is common to it, with Saffron, Nutmeg, Frankincen&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> yet this is no rea&s;on that it &s;hould be rejected, if moderately ta|ken, e&s;pecially prepared: For that vaporous and volatile part (as Chymi&s;ts word it) that is in the Coriander, and which taken immoderately hurts the Head like Poi&s;on, is fixt and corrected by the Vinegar, &s;o that it becomes a proper Remedy to help Concoction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>part.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and clear the Heart and Brain, as experience &s;hews.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Concerning Quilts and Caps we mu&s;t take notice, that &s;uch as are made of very &s;trong &s;cented things do affect the Head, and cannot be endured of all people: And this is true not onely of Muski|fied things alone, but of all &s;trong &s;melling things in general, though gratefull, if they be beyond mea&s;ure &s;uch: And they make the Head to ake, and cau&s;e a turbulent motion in the Spirits: for this Maxim holds true here; <HI>Every extreme Sen&s;ible hurts the &s;en&s;e.</HI> Wherefore I have &s;een &s;ome,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> de Med. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t. p. <HI>202.</HI></NOTE> e&s;pecially at the beginning, that could not wear the&s;e Spice|caps without the Head-ach.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Nor yet mu&s;t the Ingredients be too hot, nor too cold and a&s;tringent; not too hot, le&s;t they melt over much, di&s;&s;olve and precipitate the mat|ter into the Ve&s;&s;els, which would gladly get out at Nature's High-way; thus hath a dangerous Fever come of a Catarrh, by un&s;ea&s;onable applying Oil of Amber to the mold of the head: We mu&s;t have a care of A&s;tringents, le&s;t the Brain be hurt by pow|erfull A&s;triction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the motion of the Humours be &s;topt.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Caps are mo&s;t proper in e&s;&s;ential Di&s;|ea&s;es of the Brain: They alter and &s;trengthen it, that it is not &s;o apt to receive Defluxions and Im|purities: They di&s;cu&s;s both the footy Vapours blended with the <HI>Lympha,</HI> and the abounding &s;erous Humours; They intercept, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that are made of A&s;tringents, not &s;o much, as the Head is the fir&s;t Spring and Original of all Catarrhs, which neverthele&s;s was the opinion of the Ancients; but as at lea&s;t it is not altogether without fault, &s;o the Moderns hold: Thus they keep back the &s;hower of a Catarrh: Thus they &s;top the <HI>Lympha</HI> when it is run|ning into the Pores of the Brain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>206.</HI></NOTE> and put a &s;top to all manner of Defluxions.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Tincture of Amber is a Specifick in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, e&s;pecially in Weakne&s;s of Mind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>par.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> A|poplexy, Pal&s;ie, Epilep&s;ie.</P>
<P N="2">2. We have &s;ometime &s;trengthened the Head with this Remedy alone: Take of Nutmeg, Ani&s;eed, Cin|namon, Marjoram, each 1 ounce; let them be brui|&s;ed gro&s;ly, put in a Pipe and &s;moaked like Tobacco, morning and evening: for it wonderfully &s;treng|thens the Brain, and purges the Humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">C. C. de He|redia, <HI>p.</HI> 130.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Levinus Lemnius</HI> &s;aith, that <HI>Lignum Aloes</HI> doth won|derfully &s;trengthen the Brain.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take of Ly made of Vine-a&s;hes, what is &s;uffici|ent: Boyl in it &s;ome Marjoram, Bayberries, Penni|royal, Calaminth, Ba&s;il with the Seed, Agarick brui|&s;ed and tied in a rag, 2 drachms. Add a third part of Wine to the mea&s;ure of the Ly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 24.</NOTE> Boil all to the con&s;umption of a fourth part; pre&s;s it and &s;train it, and in this Ly with &s;ome &s;weet Soap wa&s;h your Head. The Head will be wonderfully &s;trengthened by this Wa&s;hing. &para; Oil of <HI>Ladanum</HI> rightly prepa|red, dropt into the Ears, and &s;ometimes rubbed on the Crown of the Head is a mo&s;t excellent Re|medy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. con&s;. <HI>40.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. I reckon this a curious external Remedy for &s;trengthening the Head. Take of old Oil-olive, Cretian-wine, each half a pound, of the Wood and Fruit of Bal&s;ame, each 1 ounce; Flowers of Clary, Sage and Ro&s;emary, each 1 handfull. Mix them, and let them &s;tand in a Gla&s;s 3 days in Hor&s;e-dung, then di&s;till them. For 3 Liquours will come out, every one of them of great virtue, but the third of mo&s;t. With the fir&s;t the whole Head, being pur|ged before, mu&s;t be rubbed every day. With the &s;econd and a very &s;mall quantity of the third,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Monardus, <HI>Ep. l.</HI> 17. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 1.</NOTE> the Sutures mu&s;t be anointed, and one drop mu&s;t be dropt into the left Ear, once in 3 or 4 days.</P>
<P N="6">6. In a cold Intemperature of the Head black Hel|lebore-root with as much Sugar-candy is an excel|lent Sternutatory (It is <HI>Helmont</HI>'s Medicine) and is al&s;o good for the Cure of a Catarrh.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riverius,</HI> Pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">x. Med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. In a hot Intemperature of the Head it is good to &s;nuff up cooling Liquours into the No&s;trils, a|mong which Woman's Milk, with Oil of Violets or
<PB N="69" REF="40"> Water-lily,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>par.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> or an Emul&s;ion of Lettuce or Poppy-feeds made with Lettuce-water are commended. &para; Ca&s;tor is commended inwardly, than which a|mong Simples there is &s;carce another more effectu|al and powerfull in heating the Brain. Al&s;o upright Vervain, which (as they write) does di&s;cu&s;s above all things, and perfectly &s;trengthen the Head, e&s;pe|cially green, yea and dry al&s;o with its roots and Mother of Time boiled in Oil. <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o &s;aith, that Sows breeding under a Water-tub are very good, if they be boiled in Oil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> &para; Al&s;o the Medicine called <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Treacle is good in Phlegmatick Di&s;ea|&s;es of the Head; it is made thus; Take of Worm|wood, Horehound, French Lavender, Ma&s;tick, Rheubarb, Groundpine, Germander, each 3 drachms, Hy&s;&s;op 1 drachm, good Agarick powdered the weight of all, make them up with clarified Honey. The Do&s;e is 2 or 3 drachms in the morning in the decoction of French Lavender or &s;ome other Li|quour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Wine is very good to &s;trengthen the Brain, and rear Eggs with Sugar and Cinnamon, if good Wine be drunk upon them, as al&s;o is Amber-gry&s;e with Sugar taken in broth or a rear Egg.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Capitis dolor,</HI> or the Head-ach.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bloud-letting is not proper for every Head-ach. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by Bleeding in the Foot. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pertinacious <HI>Hemicrania</HI> cured by opening a Vein between the Forefinger and the Thumb. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Atreriotomy. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Cupping and Scarifying the Head. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Burning and Cutting the Skin proves &s;ometimes beneficial. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;ometimes proceed to Burning. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether I&s;&s;ues made in the Head, in or near the place grieved, be proper? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Boring a hole in the Skull. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Bleeding the Ear. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With I&s;&s;ues in the Arm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With Ve&s;iccatories applied to the Head. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An inveterate <HI>Hemicrania</HI> cured by drawing a Tooth. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Head-ach cau&s;ed by the Pox cured by Pumping. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;tubborn one cau&s;ed by Mercury retained in the Brain. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;tubborn one cured by a Seton. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by the Pox cured with <HI>Empla&s;tr. de Vigo. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An old one cured with Sugar of Ro&s;es. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured with eating Pomegranates. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured with a Cautery behind in his Head. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the Ri&s;ing of a Scurf. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A reciprocal Pain between the Head and the Foot, cured by ap|plying a Cupping-gla&s;s to the Foot. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be good for every Head-ach? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Do&s;e of Purgatives mu&s;t be large. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Odoriferous things mu&s;t not be put in Cly&s;ters. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Juleps mu&s;t be given in great quantity. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks are good for &s;ome Head aches. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweats not proper for all. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what &s;ort Wa&s;hing of the Head is proper? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pla&s;ters mu&s;t not be too hot. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ointments doe little good. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot Fomentations doe harm, cold are good. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Euphorbium</HI> &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Narcoticks are &s;ea&s;onable? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salivation hurtfull. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> are not to be applied to all. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom Vinegar cannot properly be applied. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cephalick Waters outwardly applied are often hurtfull. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> not good for every Head-ach that ari&s;eth from the Womb. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Increa&s;ing with the Di&s;ea&s;e of another part, not always to be cu|red as Sympathick. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Vacuation hurts one cau&s;ed by Cold. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one with &s;en&s;e of internal Cold. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one from the fault of the nervous juice. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the fault of the nutritious juice. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the Pox. <HI>XLV.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>HIppocrates</HI> in the Head-ach depending on a Cacochymy which is cured by concoc|ting and purging the humours, ab&s;tains from Bloud-letting, as is manife&s;t from <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de morbis, v.</HI> 14. becau&s;e, the Brain being cooled by Bloud-letting, Concoction is hindred, and thence ari&s;es great Pre|judice to the Patient, which <HI>Halicarna&s;&s;en&s;is</HI> perceived, who is mentioned 7. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 462. Halicar|na&s;&s;en&s;is <HI>his Ear aked in Winter, and his Head very much, now he was about</HI> 50 <HI>years old, he was let-bloud,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pr. Martia|nus,</HI> comm. in V. <HI>34.</HI> l. <HI>3,</HI> de merbis.</NOTE> <HI>his Head being evacuated and cooled was hurt, for no Suppuration was made, he became phrenetick, and died.</HI> For &s;eeing the Patient could not e&s;cape this Di&s;ea&s;e, unle&s;s, as <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> &s;aith, the humour had run at his Ear, letting|bloud did cau&s;e Death, by hindring this running: Which I would have our modern Phy&s;icians, who let bloud &s;o confidently, take good notice of. &para; The Head-ach is either by Idiopathy, or by Sympathy from the Bowels below, and from the heat and e|vaporation of humours. The idiopathick Head-ach, when a Cacochymy is gathered in the Brain, or &s;ome cold Ma&s;s of humours, requires Purging; the other by Sympathy, Bloud-letting. So 5. <HI>Epidem. A Woman in</HI> Pheri <HI>that had been long troubled with the Head-ach, and to whom no body could give any relief, no, not when her Head was purged; yet &s;he was better when &s;he had her</HI> Men&s;es <HI>ea&s;ily; and when her Head did ake, &s;he found benefit by Sweets applied to her Womb.</HI> Lo, a Head-ach by Sym|pathy from the Womb grew appea&s;ed by the di&s;|charge of Bloud and applying odoriferous things to the Womb. So 2. <HI>de morbis</HI> in Head-aches, where the Veins di&s;charge the bloud into the Head, he makes no mention of Purging, but onely recounts the ad|vantages of Bloud-letting: But in <HI>lib. de affect.</HI> &s;pea|king of the Head-ach by Idiopathy, the&s;e are his words, <HI>The Pains come from Phlegm that is gathered and moved in the Head,</HI> therefore if you will ea&s;e the Head-ach you mu&s;t purge Phlegm. And 2. <HI>de morbis,</HI> when he had propo&s;ed a &s;udden Head-ach, with lo&s;s of Speech and throtling, he lays the whole &s;tre&s;s of the Cure in Purging. But <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de locis,</HI> intimates that Bleeding, not Purging, is proper in the Head-ach by Sympathy from &s;ome inflamed part or boiling humour, <HI>Purge not the Head of a man in a Fever, le&s;t he go mad, for Purgatives heat the Head, and tru|ly the heat that is in the Medicine added to the febrile heat,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sinibaldus, <HI>Antiphon. l</HI> 3. <HI>Ant.</HI> 15.</NOTE> <HI>cau&s;es Madne&s;s.</HI> For &s;uch a Head-ach is by accident, from the heat of the Fever, therefore we mu&s;t not provide for the head by Purging, which would cau&s;e Madne&s;s, but by &s;uch things as chiefly de&s;troy the Fever, among which Letting of bloud has the chief place.</P>
<P N="2">II. One was held with a grievous Head-ach by Sympathy from the whole, by Bleeding in the right foot the pain was taken away from his head on that &s;ide, and after that,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 73.</NOTE> the &s;ame &s;ucceeded according to his de&s;ire on the other &s;ide al&s;o.</P>
<P N="3">III. Nor mu&s;t I conceal a pre&s;ent Remedy for a pertinacious <HI>Hemicrania,</HI> tried by <HI>Spigelius</HI> upon him|&s;elf and &s;everal others, The opening the Vein that runs between the Forefinger and the Thumb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ob&s;. <HI>50.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. One that was grievou&s;ly troubled with the Head-ach, through the violence of the Vital Bloud turned that way, made u&s;e of &s;everal Remedies, but all in vain; but at length letting bloud in his Temples he recovered: And this Bloud was of a florid colour, but of &s;o thin and light a &s;ub&s;tance, that like a Sponge it &s;wam upon its <HI>Serum:</HI> Its &s;ur|face was &s;mooth and &s;hining, as if it had been co|vered with a fatty film: And the whole texture of it was &s;o rare,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 48.</NOTE> that you could &s;carce touch it with the edge of a Knife, but it would &s;ever into vari|ous
<PB N="70" REF="41"> parts. &para; A Man of fifty was troubled with a &s;harp Head-ach for two years, which &s;eized the right-&s;ide from his Crown to his Temples: It would return three or four times a year, make him keep his bed, and bring him almo&s;t to de&s;pair, without either Fever, Thir&s;t or Heat; but with a great beat|ing in his Temples on that &s;ide.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pachequus. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> Riverio <HI>comm.</HI></NOTE> When I had tried many things in vain, and the Pain was violent, I pro|ceed to open an Artery in his Temples; the Bloud lept forcibly out to five ounces; his Head-ach went away in half an hour, and never returned. &para; When the Arteries beat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">odius <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 7<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> the Pain is onely on the out-&s;ide, which the Phy&s;ician ought to take e&s;pecial notice of.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Woman had been held with a violent pain in her head twelve days; her Phy&s;icians pre&s;cribed her Cly&s;ters, Purging, Bleeding in the Arm, Sheeps Lungs; her Head-ach continued, at la&s;t having ap|plied Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the part grieved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hius. <HI>Syll<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> a great quantity of bloud run out by Scarification, for &s;top|ping of which, Tinder made of Linen-cloth was &s;trowed on it: And pre&s;ently her Head-ach cea|&s;ed.</P>
<P N="6">VI. In the Head-ach oftentimes Matter lies be|tween the Skull and the <HI>Pericranium:</HI> You mu&s;t touch the place gently with your finger, that if you find any Matter there, the place may be open|ed, and much rather, if the pain be fixt in that very place. For frequently, when the place is opened, and the matter run out, the Patient has ea&s;e: and there may otherwi&s;e be fear of corrupting the bone. If any vein be there, it may be opened, or cut quite through, unle&s;s it be very large. In intolerable torment of the head, that is al&s;o continual, and will not yield to other Remedies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius, <HI>ob&s;. &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ng.</HI> 3 <HI>&amp;</HI> 1.</NOTE> we mu&s;t u&s;e the Knife and Fire: for Purging, Cupping, Topical ap|plications, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are found ineffectual, becau&s;e there is a certain Hectick intemperature and infirmity in the head.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When I could not conquer a mo&s;t &s;tubborn outward Head-ach, coming of a cold intempera|ture with matter, by very &s;trong Medicines, gue&s;&s;ing, that either the <HI>Pericranium,</HI> or the Bone un|der the <HI>Pericranium</HI> was prejudiced by that matter, I proceeded to burning with good &s;ucce&s;s, in which I always took care to run the hot Iron to the Bone (which I ever found abounding with moi&s;ture.) Sometimes I found the Bone it &s;elf rotten, which being &s;calded, all the Pain cea&s;ed. I did not make this burning behind or before in the Head, upon the Coronal Suture (as mo&s;t u&s;e to doe, to divert the better) but on the right or left &s;ide of the Head, according as this or that &s;ide was pained, with &s;ucce&s;s. But that men may know, how the Bone, while the Skin is whole, may be di&s;cerned to be carious, let them go to <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morbis,</HI> where he gives notice,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salius Diver|&s;us, <HI>Annot. in</HI> Altimar. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> that in &s;uch a ca&s;e the Skin parts from the Head to this &s;ide and that, <HI>i. e.</HI> the Skin may be perceived by the touch to be parted from the Bone, which mu&s;t be taken &s;pecial notice of, becau&s;e it is a certain &s;ign that the Bone is &s;oul.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Chirurgical means, commended e&s;pe|cially for a cruel and inveterate Head-ach, is u&s;ual|ly the burning or cutting an I&s;&s;ue in divers parts of the Body. Without doubt when they are made in the Arms or Legs, they are both le&s;s trouble&s;ome, and doe &s;ome good, ina&s;much as they withdraw the fewel of the Di&s;ea&s;e from the part, and remove it far from that place. Moreover, an I&s;&s;ue in the nape of the neck, or a Seton in the neck, or in the tip of the Ear, or near it; al&s;o a pin of Ba&s;tard Hellebore root, put in a hole bored in the tip of the Ear, are often u&s;ed with advantage, ina&s;much as they evacu|ate many Sero&s;ities, and draw others towards the Emunctories, that is, the Glands. But now the mo&s;t talk, and greater expectation is, of I&s;&s;ues made either in the very place grieved, or near it; &s;o that large i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ues are made in the crown of the Head, or upon the joyning of the Sutures. If we mea&s;ure the fruit of this Practice by the &s;ucce&s;s, it will appear little and &s;eldom profitable, but often unfortunate: for I never knew any cured of their Head-ach by &s;uch I&s;&s;ues; but &s;everal have been made wor&s;e by them. And Rea&s;on tells us plainly as much, for wherever an I&s;&s;ue is made, the Serous Humour flows thither from the whole Ma&s;s of bloud, and con&s;equently from the whole Body, and is often gathered there in greater plenty than that it can find a pa&s;&s;age by that outlet; for which rea&s;on Inflammations,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> cap. de Cephalal|g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> Pu&s;tu|les, and divers Humours gather about I&s;&s;ues. What other therefore can we think, than that I&s;&s;ues ap|plied to the Head in the Head-ach, do cau&s;e more morbifick matter to be gathered there?</P>
<P N="9">IX. A young Maid had been above a year won|derfully tormented with a piercing pain in her Head. The Phy&s;ician, &s;u&s;pecting (as it proved) that &s;omething lay on the Membranes, trepann'd her with good &s;ucce&s;s: for when her skull was open, a &s;mall drop of foetid matter, &s;carce &s;o big as a Millet &s;eed, came out; nor did her pain ever after trouble her.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 69 <HI>&amp;</HI> 70.</NOTE> &para; <HI>N.</HI> had conflicted &s;everal years with a mo&s;t violent Head-ach, and he was cured by boring his Skull five times; onely his Head, the Membranes being cooled and thickned by opening, was a little dull. &para; A cruel Head-ache, cau&s;ed by the Pox, without <HI>Gummata,</HI> in a Man of 70, was ea&s;ed by re|peated trepanning (which laid all the corrupted bone open, whence Matter ran in great plenty) and returning at certain Intervals, it was then cured by the &s;ame means. &para; I re&s;olved to trepan a Farmer, who had got a mo&s;t grievous Head-ach by the Pox, on that &s;ide where his pain was mo&s;t, in three or four days after trepanning his pain abated, and in twenty days time he was perfectly cured. &para; I trepanned a Woman that was afflicted with a grievous <HI>Hemicra|nia</HI> (or <HI>half-head-ach</HI>) who was well,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 18, 19 <HI>&amp;</HI> 20.</NOTE> while the hole was open; but it being clo&s;ed within a few days, &s;he relap&s;ed into her old di&s;ea&s;e. &para; An ancient Man had been tormented three years with a cruel pain in his Head, he &s;ubmitted him&s;elf to trepanning, it was done in the right &s;ide, and the fore-part, a lit|tle above his forehead, and he quickly recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus, <HI>Pentec.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 25.</NOTE> Perhaps the vaporous matter that affected the Head, while it had no egre&s;s, cau&s;ed pain; but when a pa&s;|&s;age was made, it went out daily. &para; <HI>Willis,</HI> in his Chapter of the Head-ach, thinks, a Man can ex|pect little good from Trepanning. Truely (&s;aith he) it does not appear to me, what we can expect for certain from opening the Skull when it akes. If an Ab&s;ce&s;s lay there, this were the onely way of cure; but an Ab&s;ce&s;s would &s;ooner cau&s;e drow&s;ine&s;s, and mortal convul&s;ions, than remove an Head-ach: If an Inflammation or Pu&s;tules, or <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> had &s;eiz|ed the <HI>Diplo&euml;</HI> (or <HI>the &s;econd place of the Skull</HI>) I know not whether the&s;e Tumours, expo&s;ed to the open Air, would more ea&s;ily evaporate, or whether Re|medies applied to them thus bare would doe any good or no: But if the pain be cau&s;ed by any Tu|bercle, or Scirrhous, or Callous Swelling in the <HI>Me|ninges,</HI> I think, opening of the Skull will doe very little or no good at all.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Woman had endured pain for &s;ome years about her forehead and eye-brows: A certain per|&s;on rubbed and pulled the lax tip of her Ear, till a Vein appeared, then he cut it with a piece of a flint, that Men &s;trike fire withall,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 15.</NOTE> it bled very black Bloud; and by this bleeding &s;he was cured.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Nobleman 30 years old had laboured un|der a Head-ach, with a Catarrh falling on his Brea&s;t, and an extenuation of his whole body for &s;e|veral years: After I had applied potential Caute|ries to each arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabritius Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob|&s;ervat.</HI> 71.</NOTE> he was fir&s;t freed from the pain in his Head, and then perfectly from his other &s;ym|ptomes: I could produce many &s;uch examples.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A certain Per&s;on was troubled with a mo&s;t bitter Pain in his Head, taking and leaving him at &s;et hours, which periodical pain la&s;ted fourteen
<PB N="71" REF="41"> days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 33.</NOTE> though no remedies that were requi&s;ite were omitted, as neither Cupping with Scarification, nor application of Ve&s;icatories to the hind part of his Head; from which la&s;t Remedy I &s;aw not onely this Patient, but many others reap great benefit. &para; A Girl about &s;even years old had been troubled for two months with a grievous pain in her Head, returning once almo&s;t every hour &s;o &s;harp upon her, that &s;he wi&s;hed her head were cut off: An Epilep|tick fit took her out of this life: The Sub&s;tance and Ventricles of her brain were found full of Serous Humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">7.</NOTE> &para; Another Maid, who had been long afflicted with &s;uch a pain, had her whole head &s;ha|ved by a Chirurgeon, and covered with a Ve&s;icatory like a Cup; when the Bli&s;ters were rai&s;ed, it run great &s;tore of Serous Humour, and &s;o &s;he was cu|red. &para; The Ancients frequently u&s;ed Phaenigms and Sinapi&s;ms; and it is the Modern Practice in vio|lent Head-aches to apply Ve&s;icatories &s;ometimes to the fore-part, &s;ometimes to the hind-part of the Head: Now, whenever ea&s;e is found by the&s;e fiery Topicks, it is becau&s;e great &s;tore of &s;harp <HI>Serum</HI> is by &s;uch admini&s;trations di&s;charged from the part affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Matron was troubled with a tedious and bitter pain in the left &s;ide of her Head: About four years before, &s;he had been troubled with the Tooth-ach for &s;ix weeks together in her left jaw, which going off was attended with a pain on the &s;ame &s;ide of the Head: Hence I knew, the <HI>Hemicrania</HI> had its ri&s;e from the roots of &s;ome rotten Teeth;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabritius Hild. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> for four of her upper Teeth were rotten, and their roots &s;tuck clo&s;e together, which when they were drawn out, &s;he grew perfectly well.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. There was a per&s;on grievou&s;ly tormented with the Head-ach: by the advice of <HI>Sylvaticus</HI> he was pumped with hot Sulphureous Water, and within fourteen days his di&s;ea&s;e was totally con|quered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 75.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. A Woman, too well known, was &s;ick of a mo&s;t cruel Head-ach, it was wandring and wor&s;t at night, which made me &s;u&s;pect it to be Venereal, becau&s;e there were be&s;ides &s;pontaneous la&s;&s;itude of Body, &s;lothfulne&s;s and dulne&s;s to motion, &s;ometimes thickne&s;s of hearing, with a tingling in her ears, <HI>&amp;c;</HI> but e&s;pecially becau&s;e &s;he had often u&s;ed Mercuri|al Unctions, and Pills: I judged the pain was pro|duced by &s;ome malignant Quality of the <HI>Mercury,</HI> that was got into the Brain: Therefore I twined two pieces of Gold round, and put one in each No&s;tril, and when &s;he had kept it there &s;ome hours, it was taken out, and appeared tinged with <HI>Mercury:</HI> &s;he held a piece of Gold in her Mouth, and that was ta|ken out white al&s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Jacos. <HI>i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> ob&s;.</HI> River.</NOTE> and put in the fire, it recover|ed its ancient colour: And by this cour&s;e often re|peated her Head-ach was removed.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. A phlegmatick Per&s;on about forty was troubled with &s;o cruel a Head-ach, that he could not endure the lea&s;t noi&s;e, &s;o that if one &s;tept but into his chamber, he thought a Knife was run into his Brain. Many things were u&s;ed to no purpo&s;e, at la&s;t I per&s;waded him to have a Seton made, which &s;ucceeded &s;o happily, that he daily found a mani|fe&s;t abatement of his pain. After half a year he let his Seton clo&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 7.</NOTE> in&s;tead whereof I made him an I&s;&s;ue in his Arm.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. A Nobleman having the Pox, was among other &s;ymptoms taken with &s;o violent a Head-ach, that every evening he not onely doted, but was ta|ken with &s;uch cruel Convul&s;ions, and Fainting-fits, that the By-&s;tanders thought more of his death than recovery: Which cruel &s;ymptome would yield to no Medicine at all taken inwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. F. Freu|bler. <HI>in Epi&s;t.</HI> Bartholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ep.</HI> 55.</NOTE> till at la&s;t I applied <HI>Empla&s;t. ranarum cum Mercurio,</HI> upon which the pain went miraculou&s;ly off within half an hour, and never came again.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. A Noblewoman of <HI>Padua</HI> was cured of an old Head-ach of many years &s;tanding, cau&s;ed by cho|ler, onely by taking old Sugar of Ro&s;es; the Acri|mony of the Bile, and its exhalation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 71.</NOTE> that troubled the brain, being repre&s;&s;ed: for the Ro&s;e cools and binds.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>Fr. Bonardus</HI> Profe&s;&s;our at <HI>Padua</HI> tells,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hius, <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ll<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g, ob&s;.</HI> 12.</NOTE> how he perfectly cured a <HI>Hemicrania,</HI> cau&s;ed by the a&s;cent of vapours, with bread &s;opped in Pomegranate juice, and given for three days.</P>
<P N="20">XX. One was complaining to me, how mi&s;erable his life was, through want of &s;leep, which a grie|vous Head-ach had brought upon him, now well-nigh a year, which was enraged by touching, and grew wor&s;e towards night: When I had felt <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">is head, and found an humour &s;etled under the Skin; be&s;ides this, the bitterne&s;s of his Pain, and his continual watching, gave me &s;u&s;picion of &s;ome Infection: But on the contrary, whereas I knew him now in a live|ly old age, and that he had ever been of un&s;potted reputation, and free from any di&s;hone&s;t di&s;ea&s;e; and that his temper was Melancholick, and I &s;ee with my own eyes, he led his life expo&s;ed to the open air; then indeed I thought the humour, the con|tinent cau&s;e of that Swelling, was a watri&s;h one, but mixt with a &s;harp and bilous <HI>Ichor.</HI> When he had u&s;ed all things to no purpo&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">C. Pi&s;o, <HI>de</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span">.</NOTE> I cau&s;e a Caute|ry to be immediately applied to his head behind: It was no &s;ooner done, but a greeni&s;h water, much like green Choler, came away, and that for &s;eve|ral days, and &s;o he recovered.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I cannot but remember that healthy Scurf, which did very &s;ea&s;onably deliver <HI>N.</HI> from an inve|terate Head-ach, the Vi&s;cid Phlegm being expel|led by the in&s;en&s;ible vent-holes of the Skin, and &s;ticking to the roots of the hair like glew, and by little and little producing a true Scald. Hence let Phy&s;icians learn how to imitate Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius. <HI>ob&s;. l</HI> 1. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. 32.</NOTE> and with judgment ob&s;erve, of how great u&s;e, both Sneezing &s;ea&s;onably provoked, and I&s;&s;ues timely made, are: for Nature is the be&s;t guide.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. A mo&s;t bitter Pain racked a Woman, creep|ing with manife&s;t &s;en&s;e of heat, &s;ometimes from her foot to her head, and &s;ometimes from her head to her great toe: Into which, when it was come down, I ordered a Cupping-gla&s;s immediately to be clapt to it, to get out that Volatick Spirit, which daily ranged the whole body with &s;o &s;wift a cour&s;e; and when it was drawn out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>33.</HI></NOTE> I found tho&s;e reciprocal circuits did cea&s;e, and the Patient cured.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Whether may a Purge be given in every Head-ach? <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> purgeth both in a Bilous and Sanguine, becau&s;e the thinner part of the bloud may ea&s;ily turn into choler: <HI>Avicenna</HI> pre&s;cribes it in a Head-ach, cau&s;ed by an immaterial intempera|ture of the head, as by the heat of the Sun, that the hot humour being carried off, the head may be cooled: He al&s;o purges in a cold immaterial Head-ach, that the cold humour being purged, the head may be made hotter: He purges for prevention &s;ake, that he may decline the imminent danger of a flux of humours, which pain doth rai&s;e. &para; <HI>Hol|lerius Perioche</HI> 2. tells us, we mu&s;t take notice in the Head-ach which is cau&s;ed by Vapours, whether tho&s;e Vapours be bred of Food, or of other Mat|ter: For if they be bred of Food, Purging will be to no purpo&s;e; if of other matter, he bids us di|&s;tingui&s;h; for if the matter be &s;mall, and contained onely in the head, it mu&s;t be got out by other Me|dicines: If it be much, or gathered in the whole body, we mu&s;t Purge; But if it be thick and cold, we mu&s;t fir&s;t u&s;e preparatives and iniciders: Which, if it can be concocted, and the Palegm be &s;weet, he &s;ays, it needs no Purge; if &s;alt, putrid or cor|rupt, we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity Purge.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. A greater Do&s;e of Phy&s;ick mu&s;t be gi|ven in the Head-ach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius <HI>pr, c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> both becau&s;e the humours a&s;cend, that revul&s;ion may be made, and becau&s;e the &s;en&s;e of the parts is le&s;s exact, by rea&s;on of the re|&s;olution or retraction of the Animal Spirits. &para; While the head glows with pain, all the humours, becau&s;e they are inclined upwards, will not ea&s;ily, by Phy|&s;ick,
<PB N="72" REF="42"> be per&s;uaded downwards; therefore the Purge mu&s;t have a more lively virtue than ordinary, that the working may an&s;wer expectation.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Cly&s;ters for the Head-ach will not admit of things that fill the head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> Cummin, Faenugreek-Seed, Nitre, and other odoriferous things.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. In the Head-ach, and al&s;o in Fevers, we mu&s;t not be too &s;paring in giving Syrups and Poti|ons:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> but we may give to grown per&s;ons ten ounces in a Potion mixt of Syrups and di&s;tilled Waters, be|cau&s;e in a le&s;s quantity they will not reach ea&s;ily to all the Parts, and to the head.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. In a Head-ach cau&s;ed by &s;erous humours Diureticks are of great virtue, to carry off tho&s;e that tend to the head, while they derive them with them&s;elves, as they are circulated through the ma&s;s of bloud:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">nus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> for Diureticks, after they are carri|ed with the chyle to the heart, and from thence by the <HI>Arteria Aerta,</HI> with the bloud, into the whole habit of the body, do lead the noxious, tartareous, gritty matter, and the filthy, &s;alt dregs, to the uri|nary pa&s;&s;ages.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Sweats indeed are not proper in e&s;&s;en|tial Head-aches, becau&s;e the &s;erous morbifick matter is thereby more and more moved upwards towards the head: But in a Symptomatick one they are more requi&s;ite,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> blow the coals, or an Itch be driven in: And this may ve|ry well be done in the cure of a <HI>Vertigo.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es tho&s;e that are drunk to wa&s;h with warm water the next day, and after wa&s;hing to lye down to &s;leep, that they may concoct their crudities:<NOTE PLACE="marg">J Langius, <HI>Ep &s;t.</HI> 30. <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> Yet he would not advi&s;e wa&s;hing in eve|ry Head <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ch; but then to doe it, when the head is hot, without a Fever, and after wa&s;hing to eat Let|tuce, and &s;up &s;ome Pti&s;an.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Pla&s;ters are very convenient, and often prove very beneficial; they mu&s;t not be very hot, and &s;uch as draw the humours to the place affect|ed, but moderately di&s;c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tient and &s;trengthening. I u&s;ually pre&s;cribe <HI>Empl. de minio,</HI> or <HI>Dia&s;aponis,</HI> with half as much <HI>Empl. Paracel&s;i</HI> to be applied to the head when it is &s;haven.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Liniments of Oils and Unguents, though often u&s;ed, doe little good; ina&s;much, I think, as they make lax the tone of the fibres, if they pene|trate deep, and &s;o they lay more open to the incur&s;i|ons of morbifick matter; Moreover, they &s;o &s;tuff the pores of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">kin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that the <HI>Effluvia</HI> cannot eva|porate.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. For the &s;ame rea&s;on hot Fomentations of Aromatick Decoctions, and other Cephalicks, of|ten doe more hurt than good, ina&s;much as they draw the humours towards the parts, and al&s;o open the pores and pa&s;&s;ages, that they may more ea&s;ily be received. Therefore it is, that bathing the head, or Embrocation of it with a Pump in the hot Bathes is u&s;ed to per&s;ons in the Head-ach, with no better &s;ucce&s;s: When on the contrary it has done &s;everal good, to wet their Temples and Forehead with cold water morning and evening; yea, every morning to embrocate the whole head with cold water at a Pump, or at lea&s;t to dip into a deep Ve&s;|&s;el,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> or Well.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In the u&s;e of local Medicines, we mu&s;t have a care of all that have <HI>Euphorbium</HI> in them, indif|ferently u&s;ed by many people; for <HI>Euphorbium</HI> is hot in the fourth degree, whence it is, that it exulce|rates, and cau&s;es redne&s;s and inflammation: Where|fore <HI>Galen</HI> indeed, 2. <HI>de Med. local.</HI> u&s;ed &s;uch a Medi|cine in a <HI>Hemicrania,</HI> coming from a cold Phlegmatick humour. But in&s;tead of this, there is one Medi|cine to be met with, that without any redundant heat, doth wonderfully draw out all the humour that cau&s;es the pain, though it lie never &s;o deep: It is made of the fi&s;h of Cockles, pounded in a Mor|tar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">ecchius, <HI>on&s;ult.</HI> 56.</NOTE> and reduced to a &s;moothne&s;s, with a little Fran|kincen&s;e and Myrrhe in Powder; for the fi&s;h of Cockles draws all the &s;uperfluous humour from the in&s;ide outwards.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. When the Head-ach is &s;o cruel, that the Patient is in danger of his life, then there will ari&s;e an Indication of taking away &s;en&s;e; yet, with great caution, &s;eeing it cuts not off the morbifick cau&s;e: However, when the Patient grows weak, is in much pain, cannot &s;leep, and is in danger of a <HI>De|lirium;</HI> we may &s;o long re&s;i&s;t pain, till he recover &s;trength: Let the &s;cope of Narcoticks be gaining of &s;trength; we mu&s;t begin with the milder &s;ort, and fir&s;t u&s;e them outwardly, then inwardly. Take this for a caution, Never apply <HI>Opium</HI> to the coro|nal future, for the brain lies much under it, and the entrance thither is ea&s;ie; but rather to the Tem|ples, No&s;trils and Forehead, though <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> put a lit|tle into the Ears. When the pain is cea&s;ed, and watching overcome, let the place be anointed with oil of Chamaemil, Nutmeg,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius,</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to take off the &s;trength of the <HI>Opium.</HI></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Salivation rai&s;ed by <HI>Mercury,</HI> if &s;o be it &s;ucceed aright, &s;ometimes removes difficult and plainly Herculean di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;uch as turn a deaf ear to all other Remedies: Ina&s;much namely as this operation doth perfectly purge the bloud and ner|vous juice, and the other humours, by a long &s;pit|ting, de&s;troy all exotick ferments, rectifie all enor|mities in the Salts and Sulphurs, and be&s;ides re|moves, and often carries off the morbifick matter &s;ettled and overflowing every where. Yet this Me|dicine is not without hazard; ina&s;much namely as the <HI>Mercury</HI> becoming unruly, and carrying along with it a great quantity of very &s;harp, and in a man|ner poi&s;onous <HI>Serum,</HI> and &s;o ru&s;hing impetuou&s;ly in|to the noble parts, and e&s;pecially into the brain, with the medullary and nervous appendices, or into the Lungs, and about the Heart, leaves an indelible and &s;ometimes mortal fault upon them. Where|fore in an old and grievous Head-ach, there is dan|ger, le&s;t the fibres being indi&s;po&s;ed by the <HI>Mercu|ry,</HI> and much corro&s;ive <HI>Serum</HI> pa&s;&s;ing through them, &s;hould be more irritated, and be ca&s;t into greater &s;pa&s;ms, and painfull corrugations: and farther,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI> de ce|phalalgia.</NOTE> le&s;t the brain be invaded by the violent motion of the humours to the head, and then, which happens too frequently, &s;leepy, or convul&s;ive di&s;ea&s;es be brought on. &para; Some, for inveterate Head-aches, after once or twice purging, fly to Quick&s;ilver, wherewith they rub the head and other aking parts: The&s;e Men,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Encheir. med. pr.</NOTE> though &s;ometime they remove the Pain, yet they al|ways increa&s;e the Cau&s;e, and cool and moi&s;ten the brain more. &para; There are &s;ome that commend <HI>Empl. de Vigo cum Mercurio,</HI> becau&s;e it has been ob&s;erved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ibid.</NOTE> that it hath put an end to an inveterate Head-ach, ha|ving evacuated much phlegmatick humours by &s;pit|ting. &para; Salivation terrifies &s;everal that are imploy|ed in inventing di&s;&s;ua&s;ives again&s;t it: but experi|ence di&s;pels this vain fear.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinc.</HI> meth &s;pec. p. <HI>164.</HI></NOTE> One that was &s;ick of a grievous Head-ach, and mi&s;erably afflicted with it, being &s;alivated, recovered under our care; and there was no &s;ign of the Pox in him. &para; <HI>Willis,</HI> in the place fore-quoted, approves of Salivation in the Head-ach ari&s;ing from the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e; In other ca&s;es he di&s;approves of it, and produces &s;ome examples of ill &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. An <HI>Oxyrrhodinum</HI> may not be applied in every Head-ach; Ab&s;tain 1. When a Catarrhe is joined with it, for the application of cold things increa&s;es the di&s;tillation, and by its drine&s;s &s;trains out the humour down to the Brea&s;t; yet <HI>Trallianus</HI> allows it, when the Head-ach has its original from the violent heat of the head, which draws the hu|mours like a Cupping-gla&s;s from the whole body; this way it does good by taking away the cau&s;e. 2. When plenty of gro&s;s humours or vapours cau&s;e the Head-ach; in which ca&s;e <HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> doe more harm by ob&s;tructing, than good by Repul&s;ion. 3. If the Head-ach be critical; you may reckon it cri|tical, if in a Fever it fall upon a critical day, if &s;igns
<PB N="73" REF="42"> of Coction have preceded: yet if the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> &s;hould be by Vomit, they may &s;afely be applied; otherwi&s;e, if Bleeding at the No&s;e were drawing on, by dri|ving back you would cau&s;e Death. 4. They doe harm, if bloud or another humour be firmly &s;ettled in the head; for then Dige&s;ters mu&s;t be made u&s;e of, as <HI>Galen</HI> 13 <HI>m. m.</HI> 6. advi&s;eth. 5. In a Head-ach that is malignant, or contracted from the Bite or Sting of a venomous Creature; the Venom mu&s;t rather be drawn outwards by Rarefiers.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. In the Head-ach cau&s;ed by heat the jui|ces of Pur&s;lane, Hou&s;leek, Kidney-wort, and other things of the like nature;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius, <HI>Perioch.</HI> 2.</NOTE> but the&s;e things mu&s;t be fre&s;h, not parched with heat and without juice. Vinegar is good in Liquours; but it is forbidden to Children and tender Bodies.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. It is known that &s;ome Empiricks ra&s;hly undertake that they can cure all &s;orts of Head-aches with their Cephalick waters, whereby many have been brought into perpetual tortures in their head. I knew a Nobleman, then but young, who, &s;uffering a violent Head-ach from the ebullition of hot bloud, through &s;ome bodie's per&s;ua&s;ion wa&s;hed all his head in very &s;trong <HI>Aqua vitae:</HI> but by this un|skilfull advice he was almo&s;t ca&s;t into Madne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. <HI>Ca&s;tor a&s;&s;wages pains in the Head coming from the Womb,</HI> &s;aith <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 7. <HI>de Epidem.</HI> and <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Great pain about the forepart of the Head, and what-ever o|thers ari&s;e from the Womb.</HI> Now, indeed, that Di&s;ea&s;es by Sympathy are removed by curing what is fir&s;t in fault, and that this is the legitimate way of their Cure, is very well known. But Ca&s;tor is commended for all Uterine Di&s;ea&s;es (I &s;ay tho&s;e that are impro|perly called Uterine, &s;uch as Fits of the Mother, whether they be cau&s;ed by &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of bloud or &s;eed, or by wind) by the joint con&s;ent of all Phy|&s;icians. <HI>Hippocrates, in lib. de morb. mulier.</HI> makes fre|quent mention of it: for the &s;ame purpo&s;e <HI>lib.</HI> 2. he pre&s;cribes Ca&s;tor or Fleabane. Therefore Ca&s;tor taken inwardly cures the Head-ach from the Womb, but then it cures Di&s;ea&s;es of the Womb that are accompanied with the Head-ach, <HI>i. e.</HI> Suppre&s;&s;i|ons of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> retention of Seed, and of the cold juices and wind. Nor does it cure all Di&s;ea|&s;es of the Womb, but onely cold ones; for it will rather increa&s;e Inflammations and the <HI>Ery&s;ipelas.</HI> Wherefore &s;ince the head-may ake for Inflammati|ons of the Womb, it is clear that Ca&s;tor cures not all Head-aches from the Womb, but &s;uch onely as come from its cold Di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>Epid. p.</HI> 865.</NOTE> &s;uch as <HI>Galen</HI> affirms Fits of the Mother to be.</P>
<P N="40">XL. It may &s;o happen, that a Di&s;ea&s;e of the head, or of any one place may increa&s;e or grow better with the Di&s;ea&s;e of another part or place; nor yet for all this be affected by Sympathy from that other part: for it may chance that matter may flow from the &s;elf &s;ame fountain to divers parts at once, and there may be no pain in the part that &s;ends it, nor any thing ami&s;s known or perceived there: As <HI>Hippocrates</HI> ob&s;erved it happened to <HI>Age&s;ius</HI> his Daughter, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.4. who when &s;he had a pain in her hip, was oppre&s;&s;ed with an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> and when her pain was ea&s;ed, &s;he took her breath well. Now &s;eeing there is no communication between the Hip and the Brea&s;t, it was very rea&s;onable to &s;u|&s;pect, that the humour ran into each part from the &s;ame place, and was di&s;per&s;ed at the &s;ame time. The flux might be from the Brain, or it might be from the Womb; And therefore when two effects happen together, a man mu&s;t diligently ob&s;erve, whether the communication be from the head or from &s;ome other place. Although <HI>Galen</HI> in his Com|ment upon this place, &s;ays, that an Impo&s;thume was broken in her brea&s;t, and when &s;he had rai&s;ed the matter, her <HI>A&s;thma</HI> &s;ea&s;ed; but upon &s;mall ground: for it is more rea&s;onable to think, that in a Woman newly delivered, the pain in her Hip came from the Ligaments of the Womb, and her <HI>A&s;thma</HI> from the Sympathy of her Brea&s;t with the Womb, and e&s;pe|cially when &s;he did not clean&s;e well, which cau&s;ed both the&s;e Ails, and both the&s;e Accidents cea&s;ed, when &s;he did clea&s;e: For the Womb in Lying-in-women, is the occa&s;ion and root of all their Evils,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ca&s;per. Cald.</HI> li|lu&s;tr. &amp; Ob&s;. Med. <HI>8.</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> and there is a great Sympathy between the Geni|tals and the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. That it is requi&s;ite the outer &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain and the <HI>Cerebellum</HI> &s;hould be open, to the end, the mo&s;t &s;pirituous part of the Bloud may pene|trate it, and be as it were percolated through it; the cold of the Air, Water or Snow, vehemently af|fecting the head &s;eems to prove; after which not onely a Rheum, but a more &s;pare production of A|nimal Spirits u&s;es to follow. But whoever upon ta|king &s;uch a cold do let bloud, or think to take away the cau&s;e of this evil by purge or vomit, they in|danger their Patient's life; as I have more than once &s;een it done by men,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe~, <HI>p. m.</HI> 402.</NOTE> that are more conver&s;ant in Books than in Ob&s;ervation of Symptoms that be|tide &s;ick per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. I think the inward Cold of the head is cau&s;ed by Vapours breeding Cold, carried to the head together with the bloud, partly indeed by their au&s;terity rendring the bloud inept to part with its &s;pirituous parts, and partly contracting the external &s;ub&s;tance of the brain, or &s;traitning its &s;inuous pores, and &s;o in &s;ome mea&s;ure at lea&s;t de|nying a pa&s;&s;age to the mo&s;t &s;pirituous part of the bloud. Then is the time to &s;wear; for by this means the Vapours, that produce the trouble&s;ome Cold are di&s;per&s;ed. But in this ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> as in the fore|going, it is hurtfull to bleed, purge or vomit.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. The nervous Liquour gathered among the Fibres of the <HI>Meninges</HI> and other parts of the head, &s;ometimes by its proper incongruity, whereby be|ing &s;owre or otherwi&s;e degenerate, it becomes di&s;proportionate to the Fibres; &s;ometimes, for that it ferments with &s;ome other humour, <HI>viz.</HI> the nutri|tious or &s;erous, flowing thither, doth vellicate the containing parts and irritate them into &s;pa&s;ms and painfull di&s;ten&s;ions. When it is thus morbifick, it is either peccant in the whole ma&s;s and inflicts its mi&s;|chief on the head predi&s;po&s;ed: or in it &s;elf innocent, is &s;o affected within the fibres, that it is perverted, and &s;o &s;econdarily it becomes morbifick: The cure of which then depends upon the re&s;titution of the containing parts, namely, if the weakne&s;s of the fi|bres, or the hurt conformation be amended, the hu|mour that bedews them will immediately be with|out fault. In the mean time, if, being degenerate in the whole ma&s;s, it impart its mi&s;chief to the head prepared for aking, &s;uch Medicines and me|thod mu&s;t be u&s;ed, as may reduce the nervous juice to its due <HI>cra&s;is,</HI> that as it gently traver&s;eth the fi|bres it may not irritate them. For which purpo&s;e neither &s;trong Purges, nor large and frequent Blee|dings are convenient, becau&s;e they put the bloud and humours into violent motion, and wa&s;te the &s;trength; and therefore impre&s;s a greater acrimony upon the peccant nervous liquour: Yet gentle Solu|tives and a little bleeding will &s;ometime doe &s;ervice, that the bowels may be clean&s;ed and the ma&s;s of bloud a little purged, and way may be better made for &s;ucceeding Medicines. Now the Medicines that render the nervous liquour more amicable and be|nign to the Membranes of the head, which u&s;e to be di&s;turbed by it, are &s;uch as are vulgarly held to be Cephalicks, <HI>&s;cil.</HI> who&s;e particles being active e|nough and al&s;o thin and &s;ubtile, do pa&s;s the bloud without turge&s;cency or tumult, and then in&s;inuating them&s;elves into the nervous liquour, they gently actuate it, and &s;o make the nervous ducts to open them&s;elves,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap: de Cephalat|gia.</NOTE> &s;o that all &s;en&s;ible and motive bo|dies do more freely irradiate the animal &s;pirits, and in&s;pire them with Faintings, Spa&s;ms or Di&s;|ten&s;ions.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Sometimes the nutritious juice is the cau&s;e of a periodick Head-ach, <HI>&s;cil.</HI> ina&s;much as it being mixt with the bloud, and not rightly a&s;&s;imi|lated,
<PB N="74" REF="43"> by rea&s;on of the di&s;agreeing particles it gives it a turge&s;cence, &s;o that the bloud boiling up into the head, leaves its Refu&s;e in the <HI>Meninges</HI> and tho&s;e parts of them that were predi&s;po&s;ed, and &s;o irritates the Fibres into painfull Spa&s;ms. For this very rea&s;on I have known &s;everal after the Small-pox and Mea&s;les, and other Fevers or Sickne&s;&s;es, whereby the ma&s;s of bloud is u&s;ually vitiated, who were &s;ubject to the Head-ach every day, <HI>viz.</HI> &s;o many hours after eating, &s;ometimes &s;ooner, &s;ome|times later; fir&s;t a flu&s;hing in their face, then a ful|ne&s;s and pain in the head did invade them. More|over, they were more grievou&s;ly plagued upon drinking Wine or eating windy Meats: The fit of the Head-ach was more or le&s;s di&s;tant from their food, altogether as the Chyme began to grow tur|gid either upon its fir&s;t entrance into the bloud, or after &s;ome little &s;tay there. After provi&s;ion for the whole, Medicines which re&s;tore the <HI>cra&s;is</HI> of the bloud, doe much good, &s;uch as Anti&s;corbuticks e&s;pecially,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and Chalybeates.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. One infected with the Pox was cured by a &s;weating Diet and anointing with <HI>Mercury,</HI> after which for &s;ome time he &s;eemed free of his Di&s;ea&s;e: But afterwards the &s;ame Di&s;temper returned, and he was again cured by u&s;ing a Sudorifick decoction a good while, and then by a <HI>Suffitus</HI> of Cinnabar he &s;eemed again to be perfectly cured: Yet after|wards he began to be afflicted with a grievous Pain in the left &s;ide of his head, which in the changes of &s;ea&s;ons, e&s;pecially at the coming in of Autumn, tor|mented him &s;orely, and kept fixt in the &s;ame place like a Nail. Many Medicines were tried to no pur|po&s;e. I judged this grievous Head-ach did proceed from the reliques of the Pox that was not perfectly cured; yet that its next and immediate cau&s;e, or at lea&s;t the fomenting and encrea&s;ing cau&s;e of the pain, be&s;ides the Venereal virulence, mu&s;t be either a &s;harp and biting humour flowing to that part of the head, or Mercury it &s;elf gathered in that part of the head, or a <HI>Caries</HI> in the skull. That I might have re&s;pect to all the&s;e cau&s;es, 1. I pre&s;cribed univer&s;al Evacuation by bleeding and purging with an Apo|zeme for four days; then a Sudorifick diet of a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> for thirty or forty days: for often a Pox that could not be cured by <HI>Mercury,</HI> has been cured by long u&s;e of the Decocti|on. And if the Head-ach came onely from virulent humours, vellicating the membranes, it could one|ly be cured by a long diet. If it would not yield to the long u&s;e of the Decoction, we ought to &s;ee, whether no Mercury were gathered in the part, which may be known, if a Bullet made of Gold be put deep into the left No&s;tril, and if after &s;ome &s;tay in that place it be taken out white, it is a &s;ign there is <HI>Mercury:</HI> You may try the &s;ame by covering a ce|phalick Pla&s;ter with Leaf-gold, and laying it on the part grieved: for, if the Gold grow white, it is a &s;ign there is <HI>Mercury,</HI> which may be got out by de|grees, if a thin plate of Gold be always worn up|on the aking place, and a golden Bullet be often put into the No&s;tril. If by this means neither, the pain do cea&s;e, the place mu&s;t be laid open and bored; for often the <HI>Cranium</HI> is corroded by &s;harp, virulent hu|mours, and a <HI>Caries</HI> is got into it, when the Skin re|mains whole: And though no <HI>Caries</HI> &s;hould appear; yet the Trepan often does good, by drawing out the virulent matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;.</HI> 91.</NOTE> that was gathered upon the <HI>Meninges</HI> of the Brain.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius, <HI>Te|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ab.</HI> 2. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">.</HI> 2. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. 4<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE>1. <HI>Euphorbium</HI> has a natural power to cure the <HI>He|micrania,</HI> thus u&s;ed. Mix it with Vinegar, if the right &s;ide ake, anoint the left; if the left &s;ide ake, anoint the right; it gives pre&s;ent ea&s;e. &para; Give French-la|vender boiled in Water, or in Water and Wine, as the be&s;t Remedy in all Head-aches: Or, beat wild Docks and Galls together, apply them to the Tem|ples, and you will pre&s;ently cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. c. <HI>50.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. If you dip a cru&s;t of bread in the Phlegm of Alume mixt with the Phlegm of Vitriol, and lay it on your head where it akes, you will admire the ef|fect.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola <HI>in</HI> Poppium.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Bitter Almonds blanched, beaten up with Vinegar and Oil, and dropt on or applied to the forehead, like an ointment, are very good in the beginning of an Head-ach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Donab. <HI>Al|tim. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. There is a &s;ingular Remedy for the Head-ach lately found in <HI>England,</HI> made of the Wallnut-tree. In the beginning of the Spring, before the Leaves bud out of the Wallnut-tree, they dig up the Earth round the Root, and having cut the Roots, they draw out the Sap,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholin. <HI>ce<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t.</HI> 3. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 97.</NOTE> and give a few drops of it in the Head-ach with great &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="5">5. I &s;et a great Value upon this Epitheme, made of the Flower of Sulphur, tied up in a Rag, and boiled in White-wine, till it grow white: for it gives pre&s;ent ea&s;e to the mo&s;t violent Head-ach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claud. Deo|datus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. An Ointment often tried by me in great heat and pain of the head. Take of Oil of Violets, Ro|&s;es, each 1 ounce, Vinegar half an ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leonet. Fa|ventinus.</NOTE> Cam|phire 2 drachms. Mix them; make an <HI>Oxyrrhodinon,</HI> apply it to the forehead and often repeat it.</P>
<P N="7">7. This vulgar Remedy hath been often tried with great &s;ucce&s;s; Take a Turnip,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Fienus, <HI>de Flatibus, c.</HI> 14.</NOTE> ro&s;t it in the A&s;hes, when it is ro&s;ted, cut it in half roundways, then take that half the herb grew to, and apply it behind the Patient's ear as hot as he can endure it, when this is cold, take the other half and apply it hot, and repeat it till the Wind be di&s;per&s;ed and the pain removed: In the Tooth-ach cau&s;ed by Wind it is very good u&s;ed after the &s;ame manner.</P>
<P N="8">8. One in a continual Fever had a great pain in his head;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 16. <HI>l.</HI> 7.</NOTE> I ordered Yea&s;t with Salt and Soap &s;pred upon Colewort-leaves to be applied to his feet, his pain went off; I have tried this in &s;everal others. &para; In the Head-ach, cau&s;ed by the heat of the Sun,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. l. <HI>9.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>1.</HI> &amp; <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> I ordered Oil of Ro&s;es to be applied, which is one of the be&s;t Remedies, if it be made of crude Oil, and Ro&s;es alone, without the Leaves; it is al|&s;o much better, if it have no Oil in it.</P>
<P N="9">9.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> Kernels of Peach-&s;tones beaten together with Betony-water and Vervain, helps wonderfully in the Head-ach from a cold cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="10">10. It is confirmed to me by mo&s;t faithfull expe|rience that 10 or 12 Leeches &s;et round the Tem|ples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius,</NOTE> when they have drawn much gro&s;s bloud a|way, the Patient finds relief: and this is a much &s;afer remedy than cutting an Artery.</P>
<P N="11">11. This is commended as a Secret by &s;ome, which like a Charm a&s;&s;wages all Head-aches.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc.</NOTE> They bid you &s;et a Di&s;h upon the Patient's head full of fair Water, and pour about two ounces of molten Lead into it, which being done, they hope the pain will be removed with the Di&s;h.</P>
<P N="12">12. Among external Anodynes in the hot Head-ach, the Juice of Creyfi&s;h is commended from the often experience of Dr. <HI>Michael,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Jac. Sact. <HI>Gamma|rologia.</HI></NOTE> if the Juice of Ver|vain be mixt with the Juice of the Creyfi&s;h, and Cloths be dipt into it and applied to the Temples and Forehead; it is good al&s;o in the Malignant head-ach and the <HI>Hungarian</HI> di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="13">13. Take 2 or 3 Tiles and heat them, pour &s;ome of the be&s;t Wine upon them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Vil|lanovanus.</NOTE> and let the Patient re|ceive the &s;moke into his mouth with his head cove|red: This mu&s;t be done twice or thrice in 24 hours, thus I have cured &s;everal.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="75" REF="43">
<HEAD><HI>Capitis Vulnera,</HI> or, Wounds of the Head.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In Contu&s;ions of the Head we mu&s;t not pre&s;ently proceed to cut|ting of the Skin. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to cure a Contu&s;ion in a Child's head with or without a Wound. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Wound in a Child's Brain cured, although &s;ome part thereof i&s;&s;ued forth, with a large piece of the Skull. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Depre&s;&s;ion of the Skull cured by applying a Cupping-gla&s;s. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;imple Wounds of the head &s;hould be cured by aggluti|nation or by regeneration of Fle&s;h? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether, when the Skull is fractured and the Skin whole, this &s;hould be cut? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a latent Fracture of the Skull may be known? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Wound of the hind part of the head, with Depre&s;&s;ion of the bone and Contu&s;ion, cured without trepanning. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not lightly proceed to the trepanning of the Skull. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Fracture cured without the Trepan. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a Trepan is proper, when the Skull is not broken. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Wound of the head cured by the Trepan, after <HI>20</HI> weeks &s;tan|ding. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Skull trepanned with &s;ucce&s;s on the <HI>11th.</HI> day of the Di&s;|ea&s;e. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Trepanning mu&s;t be repeated. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Fracture of the Skull requires the taking away of the Bones? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Bones of a Fracture mu&s;t be removed with Caution, even where there is a Depre&s;&s;ion. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Trepanning, when both Tables of the Skull are broke? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When part of the Skull &s;ticks to the Skin, it mu&s;t not be cut off, but clo&s;ed up again. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The part cut out with the Trepan, mu&s;t not be taken out with it. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Fracture of the Skull mu&s;t be &s;craped? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A deep one requires not always Dilatation of the Wound, nor the Trepan. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Section of the <HI>Pericranium</HI> is required? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Section of the <HI>Pericranium</HI> need not always be cruciform. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cutting of the Temporal Mu&s;cle not always mortal. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Dryers, &s;ometimes Moi&s;tners mu&s;t be applied to the <HI>Dura meninx,</HI> when laid bare. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the <HI>Dura meninx</HI> may be cut to let out the <HI>Sanies? XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the fir&s;t perforation of the <HI>Cranium</HI> for elevation, we mu&s;t not pa&s;s the <HI>Diplois. XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Little latent Bones protract &s;ometimes the cure of Wounds. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Over-ha&s;ty healing of a Wound in the Head &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wounds in the Head, why fatal at <HI>Florence? XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too much ambient Heat an enemy. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Slight Wounds of the Head not to be neglected. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bones, that are skaling from the Skull, mu&s;t not be taken away by violence. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is dangerous to lay open &s;imple Wounds, when the Skull is whole. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How long Trepanning may be deferred? <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Quantity of the Fi&s;&s;ure may be enquired? <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Trepanning we mu&s;t not always expect the Bloud &s;hould come. <HI>XXXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Medicines.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is cu&s;tomary with unskilfull Chirurgeons, when they are called to cure Wounds, that reach not beyond the <HI>Pericranium,</HI> to open all Wounds whatever in the head with a large Inci&s;ion in the figure of a Cro&s;s, and (that I may u&s;e their own phra&s;e) to lay open the Skull, to the end they may know whether it be broken or cut. From which mi&s;take of theirs many Inconveniences follow: Becau&s;e, fir&s;t, it protracts the Cure, for if &s;uch Wounds or Contu&s;ions were cured according to Art, they would be well in eight, or at farthe&s;t ten days, though they were very large; whereas the&s;e fellows &s;carce cure them in two, or &s;ometimes three Months. Be&s;ides, while they open the Wound to the Skull, they endanger the Patient's life, be|cau&s;e &s;ometimes, before he is cured, they mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity take out no &s;mall portion of his Skull, it being corrupted by the open Air getting to it, which otherwi&s;e had neither been corrupted nor hurt: And it often happens,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;cus Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aeus. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> that not onely the <HI>Su|perficies,</HI> but the whole Thickne&s;s of the Skull is cor|rupted. One had a Wound in the right &s;ide of his head laid open in form of a Cro&s;s three Inches &s;quare, when there was not the lea&s;t &s;ign of a Frac|ture: whence it came to pa&s;s, that not onely &s;o much of the Skull as was laid open, but a greater Portion on all &s;ides, was corrupted. &para; If it chance, that upon a blow a Patient lo&s;e his Under&s;tanding, with a deprivation of &s;en&s;e or motion, unle&s;s the o|ther &s;ymptoms enumerated by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> do al&s;o appear, there is no danger of Life:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;</HI> 15.</NOTE> and therefore you mu&s;t let alone all manner of operation, as lay|ing open and trepanning the Skull: for I have &s;een &s;ome, who, having their head hurt by a fall or a blow, and this Symptom onely appearing, were well the next day. &para; Such a Contu&s;ion is with admirable &s;ucce&s;s cured by applying the Skins of new killed Animals, e&s;pecially of a Dog or a Mou&s;e; for if they be applied while they are yet hot to the contu&s;ed place; and left on for 20 hours or more, they notably di&s;cu&s;s the Tumour: I prefer a Lamb's skin, being both ea&s;ily come by, and having as good a faculty to dige&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sculterus <HI>&amp;</HI> Cattierus.</NOTE> By this one and well experien|ced Remedy I have cured &s;everal children and grown per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="2">II. There are often in children under 7 years old Contu&s;ions, very like tho&s;e faults we &s;ee in bra&s;s Ve&s;|&s;els, &s;o that when the Skin is not hurt, and when the Table of the Skull behind is not crackt, yet that be|fore is often hurt: for the tenderne&s;s of the Bone at that age &s;ometimes is the Cau&s;e, that the Skull may be depre&s;&s;ed and yet now and then not hurt otherwi&s;e, oftentimes al&s;o that it is both hurt and broken, and that the Skins encompa&s;&s;ing the Brain are broken. Lately a Boy about four years old was brought to me to be cured, who had received a violent blow upon the coronal Commi&s;&s;ure by the fall of a wooden Shutter from a Window, by which blow both &s;ides of the Bone and both the Membranes were broken, and al&s;o &s;ome part of the Brain came out three &s;everal times in the proce&s;s of his cure: yet the Child was cured without laying open the Wound, and without any lo&s;s of his Skull; and he was not above twenty days under cure. Now, to cure &s;uch Compre&s;&s;ions in Childrens heads, there is no need of any more laying open the Wound, than what is made by the blow it &s;elf: And if there be no Wound made, nothing mu&s;t be opened, no, not if one certainly knew that all the Bones were hurt and broken to pieces. And this will be the &s;a|fe&s;t way of curing &s;uch Wounds: for whatever u&s;eth to be done contrary to this method, we have now mentioned, it hath mo&s;t certain danger. The way of Cure is this, if the Contu&s;ion &s;hew no manife&s;t Wound, in the fir&s;t place we u&s;e this Re|medy; Take Oil of Ro&s;es, Chamaemil, each half an ounce, Oil of Myrtle one ounce, the White and Yelk of an Egg, with a little Bean and Barly-flower of each alike, Myrtle powdered 1 ounce: Mix them all into the form of a Pla&s;ter, and lay it on the brui&s;ed place. And the next day we u&s;e another Pla&s;ter, but &s;crape the fir&s;t clean off. Take of the Dro&s;s in Beehives, or of new Dreggy Wax, common Honey, each 1 ounce, Powder of Bloud-&s;tone, Pumice-&s;tone, each 1 ounce, of Cummin-&s;eed, Wormwood, common Bran, each 2 drachms: Mix them upon the Fire and make a Pla&s;ter, to be laid to the depre&s;&s;ed place, two inches broader than the place round about: The efficacy of this Pla&s;ter is &s;o wonderfull, that within twelve days it rai&s;es the contu&s;ed and compre&s;&s;ed Bones; and, I think, for
<PB N="76" REF="44"> this purpo&s;e, there is no Medicine more effectual. But if, be&s;ide the Depre&s;&s;ion and Fracture of the Bone, there be a Wound al&s;o, it mu&s;t fir&s;t of all be cured with the White and Yelk of an Egg &s;tirred together, applying &s;oft and thin Raggs, Tow and Bol|&s;ters, wherewith the Wound mu&s;t be covered. And the next day we mu&s;t u&s;e the Bal&s;am often commen|ded by us. The Wound mu&s;t be gently anointed with a Feather dipt in the Bal&s;am, who&s;e pre&s;ent virtue in this kind will ea&s;ily be &s;een: for it won|derfully concocts, mundifies, and breeds fle&s;h: but it mu&s;t be melted, yet not too much, le&s;t it &s;hould burn the Patient, or the Medicine &s;hould lo&s;e its virtue by over-heating, (but this you mu&s;t have a care of, that you take not out one bone, though it were manife&s;t they were all broke to pieces) and you mu&s;t cover the wound with dry lint, and pre&s;s it not too much: Upon this you mu&s;t lay the Pla&s;ter hot, that we but now de&s;cribed, which to the great delight and admiration of him that cures, &s;ucks out all manner of <HI>Pus,</HI> that is bred within, and al&s;o quickly rai&s;es the compre&s;&s;ed bones, and re|&s;tores them to the &s;ame &s;tate they were in by nature: For I &s;afely affirm I have frequently u&s;ed this and the like method of cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Arcaeus</HI> de cur. vuln. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> and do atte&s;t, that by God's ble&s;&s;ing I have cured them of mo&s;t grievous wounds.</P>
<P N="3">III. On <HI>Saturday</HI> the 28. of <HI>February,</HI> 1679. a Child about four years old, the &s;on of Mr. <HI>John Stone</HI> of <HI>Pli|mouth,</HI> had his head cru&s;hed between the heavy end of a Field-gate (&s;o heavy that a Man could &s;carce lift it) and a &s;mall Stone, that &s;tood above the level of the ground; this &s;tone bore again&s;t the left <HI>Bregma</HI> &s;omewhat above the Ear, oppo&s;ite to which on the other &s;ide, about the &s;ame di&s;tance from the Ear, a pin of wood an inch &s;quare, that &s;tood out half an inch from the gate, being forced by the weight of the gate, made a &s;mall wound, but a very great de|pre&s;&s;ion; it bled much, the Child cried a little, did not faint, nor convul&s;e, onely vomited two or three times. I pre&s;ently laid it bare, and upon examination by my fingers, found where this little wound was, and that the Skull under it was largely depre&s;&s;ed, I &s;haved it, and entring my Probe at the wound, I found the Scalp &s;eparate from the Skull a great way, and a large depre&s;&s;ion of the latter. When I withdrew my Probe &s;ome of the Brain came out upon it: I entred my Probe again with the eye forward, and brought out as much as two pea&s;e; and upon dilating it &s;everal parcels of Brain appeared among the bloud. I dre&s;t it up with Do&s;&s;ils, dipt <HI>in Mel ro&s;atum,</HI> and Spirit of Wine made warm, and covered all with a Plegent of <HI>Linimentum Arcaei.</HI> I examined the re&s;t of the Head, and found on the other <HI>Bregma</HI> an <HI>Ecchymofis,</HI> and un|der it another depre&s;&s;ion. I &s;haved off the hair from thence al&s;o, and with the &s;ame Ra&s;or exci&s;ed a piece of the Scalp as big as a &s;hilling, which laid bare the depre&s;&s;ion and fracture, which was &s;uch as I could not then elevate, I filled this with do&s;&s;ils of dry Lint, covered with a plegent of <HI>Arcaeus Liniment,</HI> over all laid a Pla&s;ter, rolled up the Head, and laid the Child (who endured all with incredible courage) to bed, his head bol&s;tered as high as he could well lie. I gave the Father a dreadfull Progno&s;tick, and de&s;i|red the a&s;&s;i&s;tence of Doctor <HI>Spen&s;er.</HI> That evening I gave the Child a Cly&s;ter, which wrought twice or thrice, I gave him &s;omething Cephalick and Diapho|retick, to comfort the Brain, and prevent Coagula|tion, or other mi&s;chievous effect of the Contu&s;ion. The Child &s;lept quiet, and &s;weat well. The next morning the Child being brisk and lively, the Doc|tor came, a fomentation and all things ready, he be|ing taken up, and held on a woman's Lap, I cut off all the hair clo&s;e to the head, and opened the left wound fir&s;t, where we found a depre&s;&s;ion with a fracture. I could not enter an Elevatory, and therefore at that time left it as it was, and dre&s;t it up as the day before. Opening the other wound, and taking out the do&s;&s;ils that I had laid in the day before, &s;everal &s;mall portions of the Brain &s;hewed them&s;elves among the grumous bloud, and on the dre&s;s; and a prodigious piece of skull bea|ten in, and wholly &s;eparated from the re&s;t, and (which was a very ill circum&s;tance) the outward Ta|ble being broken narrower than the innermo&s;t, made the deepe&s;t piece larger than the hole it had made, &s;o that at that time we could not get it out. So that having cleared the part of Matter, I then onely made ye&s;terdays inci&s;ion into a Cruciate; we dre&s;&s;ed him as before, I rolled up his head upon a Stuphe, dry wrung from the fomentation. The Cly&s;ter was re|peated every day for &s;ome con&s;iderable time; his diet was Water grewel and Chicken broth, with &s;ome proper things boiled in them; his drink was &s;ometime &s;mall bear with a to&s;t and Nutmeg, &s;ome|time his Cordial Julep. The &s;econd night the Child &s;lept indifferently well. We again opened the left &s;ide, and after &s;ome attempts in vain to rai&s;e the de|pre&s;&s;ed Skull, we &s;trewed Cephalick powder on it, and dre&s;&s;ed it up with dry plegents of Lint as before. Upon opening the other, we &s;aw again &s;ome little owzing of the Brain among the matter: we now re|&s;olved to extract the piece of Skull. After &s;ome little time I did it, by turning it &s;o, that the nar|rowe&s;t part of it might come to the broade&s;t of the Gap, when holding it fa&s;t with a Crow's bill, it ea&s;ily came forth, and left a dreadfull breach. The wound on the Membranes we &s;aw plainly, with &s;ome effu&s;ion of the Brain, but it happe|ned that it was below the edge of the &s;ound Skull, &s;o that it became &s;uccored thereby, and (the Child being young, the Membranes more &s;oft, and apt to con&s;olidate) coale&s;ced the &s;ooner, for after four days we &s;aw no Brain. We made our dre&s;s this time after this manner. We had a good guard of hot Stu|phes, to defend from the air, and having clean&s;ed out the Part, and &s;moothed the uneven edge of the Skull, we dipt a Syndon (that is a piece of fine cloth, bigger than the extracted Skull, having a thread fa&s;|tened to the middle to draw it forth by) into a mix|ture of warm Spirit of Wine, Honey of Ro&s;es, and Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and with a Probe thru&s;t the edge of it between the Skull and <HI>Dura Mater.</HI> Upon it was &s;trewed Cephalick Powder, covered with dry Lint. Then I &s;nipt off the lips of the Cruciat, and, laying on a plegent, armed with <HI>Arcaeus</HI> Liniment, rowled him up. This day we ordered <HI>Tinctura Ambrae Gri&s;eae</HI> in his Cordial &s;ix or eight drops at a time, as there appeared need. The next day, being the fourth from his hurt, we found he had had a good night. I &s;haved the whole head, anointed with a Cephalick bal&s;amous liniment, and laid on a Pla&s;ter of equal parts of <HI>Opodeldoch</HI> and <HI>Empl. de Betonica,</HI> then dre&s;&s;ed the wounds as before, and covered them with Pla&s;|ters made of equal parts of <HI>Diapalma</HI> and <HI>de Betonica.</HI> The Skull &s;caled but &s;lowly, as is u&s;ual in Children, therefore towards the end we u&s;ed more drying Ce|phalick Powders than ordinary, to prevent a <HI>fungus</HI> and quicken de&s;quammation, mixing <HI>Guaiacum</HI> Bark in Powder. The <HI>Dura Mater</HI> united in four or five days, the unition was confirmed, &s;o as we u&s;ed dige&s;tives after five more, dige&s;tion was procured in a week after. And in about &s;ix weeks from the fir&s;t dre&s;s the Skull &s;caled, the fle&s;h grew up from the <HI>Dura Mater,</HI> and under the &s;calings of the Skull, and be|came level with the skin; it would &s;ometimes be ex|uberant, and &s;oft or &s;pongy, before it could be ci|catrized, a gentle touch of Roman Vitriol, and &s;ome|times &s;trewing prepared <HI>Lapis Calaminaris</HI> thereon, &s;hrank it up, and cicatrized the le&s;t wound in &s;even weeks; but the right remained three months. For it was not onely difficult to make a final deficcation thereof, becau&s;e of the moi&s;ture gleeting from with|in the <HI>Cranium,</HI> but nece&s;&s;ary to delay it, that the matter might di&s;charge it&s;elf, as it gradually decrea|&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>James Yonge,</HI> Wounds of the Brain proved cu|rable.</NOTE> In performing this la&s;t part I u&s;ed a very de&s;ic|cative Sparadrap Pla&s;ter, (that is, made by dipping cloths in it when relented) which being laid double, &s;erved not onely as a de&s;iccative and a defender
<PB N="77" REF="44"> from confluxion, by its gentle ad&s;tringency, but by its &s;tubbornne&s;s and &s;trength defended the part from hurt by blows, falling, and &s;uch other accidents, as Children are liable to.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The depre&s;&s;ion of the Skull has been cured in &s;everal, by &s;etting a Cupping-gla&s;s with much flame upon the Depre&s;&s;ion, after once or twice being let Bloud, &s;ometimes with inci&s;ion, and much &s;carifica|tion, and &s;ometimes without them. A certain man was &s;truck with a &s;tone on the left &s;ide of the head, and was left for dead, bloud came out at his mouth and no&s;e, he could &s;carce &s;peak or open his eyes. If one pre&s;&s;ed the depre&s;&s;ed part of his skull a little with ones finger, he was troubled with a reaching to vo|mit. I ordered him to be &s;haved, and a large Cup|ping-gla&s;s to be applied with much flame, which, though it was &s;et on the &s;ound and &s;olid parts, put the Patient to much pain: After the Cupping-gla&s;s was taken off, and inci&s;ion made upon the part af|fected, and the Cupping-gla&s;s was applied again, he found great ea&s;e, and his pain was over, after which he began to &s;peak,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Des Grand. Pres. <HI>Ob&s;erv.</HI> 3. <HI>a|pud</HI> Riveri|um.</NOTE> and knew tho&s;e about him: And although I had taken &s;even or eight ounces of bloud away by cupping, yet the next day I order him to bleed again, and &s;o in a few days he recovered.</P>
<P N="5">V. Whether &s;hould Wounds of the head be healed by &s;owing, or by regeneration of fle&s;h? The be&s;t Chirurgeons neglect &s;owing, le&s;t the matter kept in under the &s;owing corrupt the <HI>Pericranium</HI> and the skull, and &s;o pain and other &s;ymptomes follow; al&s;o for fear of hurting the <HI>Pericranium</HI> in &s;owing, which in all like|lyhood cannot be without hurt, when the whole skin is cut. And &s;owing of the Fle&s;h is not properly oppo&s;ed to generation of Fle&s;h, nor is the cure by agglutination and future the &s;ame thing; for the ag|glutination of the skin of the head, which requires a long time, can never be, without generation of fle&s;h, which generation of <HI>Pus</HI> doth precede, where|fore it is nece&s;&s;ary, that new fle&s;h &s;hould grow in the room of that which turned into <HI>Pus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Let the Chirurge|on therefore make it his bu&s;ine&s;s fir&s;t to clo&s;e the lips of the wound by binding, applying nece&s;&s;ary medi|cines, and let him leave the re&s;t to nature.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Whether when the Skull is fractured under the whole skin &s;hould this be cut? <HI>Vidus Vidius</HI> reports, that <HI>Peru&s;inus,</HI> a famous Chirurgeon, did by long practice ob&s;erve, that more of tho&s;e are &s;aved, who are cured without cutting, by lenient and drying Medicines, than of tho&s;e whole skin is cut and their bone laid open; and herein he &s;hews that there is a va&s;t diffe|rence between a fractured skull bare, and one cove|red with the skin: For if the skull be uncovered, if it be left without cutting, the humour that falls up|on the Membrane of the Brain, cannot be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by the heat which expires; and therefore putrefy|ing it kills a man: But when the skin is whole, the heat expires not, therefore it can dige&s;t the <HI>Sanies,</HI> and &s;olidate the Bones, which we daily &s;ee in other fractures, that are covered with fle&s;h and skin. This opinion may be allowed of, if onely a &s;mall quantity of bloud be poured under the <HI>Cranium;</HI> if no broken bone prick the membranes; and if the broken skull compre&s;s not the Brain. But if there be &s;tore of bloud, if the corruption of the parts underneath by the <HI>Pus,</HI> be feared, if a membrane be prickt or com|pre&s;&s;ed by a broken bone, according to <HI>Paulus, Cel&s;us,</HI> and mo&s;t Chirurgeons minds, the skin mu&s;t be cut, that the fracture may lie open, and other things may con|veniently be done as they ought:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> For Nature is not able to rectifie &s;uch faults; and granting that the <HI>Sanies</HI> could be drawn through the skin; yet the &s;mall bones and skales, that &s;tick within, are not ea&s;ily drawn out.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A certain per&s;on fell backwards from on high, and remained as if he had been quite dead. Where|fore by the Advice of <HI>D. Pimpernelle,</HI> and <HI>D. le Juif,</HI> af|ter his head was &s;haved, a catapla&s;m of Bean-flower was applied all over it: And becau&s;e the ca&s;e requi|red ha&s;te, (for the Patient had lo&s;t his &s;peech) that the Catapla&s;m might &s;ooner drie, they got hot cloths applied to the catapla&s;m for the &s;pace of &s;ix hours: when it was dried and taken off, the figure of the latent fi&s;&s;ures of the skull was found plainly delinea|ted on it:<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Borellus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> for the catapla&s;m will not grow dry in the places of fi&s;&s;ures or fractures: And a great fi&s;&s;ure ap|peared in the middle of the <HI>Crotaphitus</HI> Mu&s;cle.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A little Girl fell down a pair of Stairs, and knockt the hind part of her head again&s;t a &s;tone &s;tep, &s;o that it made a great depre&s;&s;ion of the bone with contu&s;ion onely: And when her Parents would not yield to cutting, nor the nece&s;&s;ary operations, but would onely have Medicines applied proper for the inflammation and contu&s;ion; &s;he was beyond ex|pectation cured by Nature, yet there remained a no|table depre&s;&s;ion of the bone. We need not there|fore be much afraid for Children brui&s;ed after this manner, by rea&s;on of the &s;oftne&s;s of their skull.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Aquapendent Chirurg.</HI> l. 2. c. 8. &s;hews when Tre|panning the skull may be u&s;ed. <HI>Trepanning</HI> (&s;ath he) <HI>may be u&s;ed in the&s;e two Ca&s;es.</HI> 1. <HI>If a de&s;cent of the matter be feared.</HI> 2. <HI>If there be not a &s;ufficient outlet for the matter. On the contrary, if the Fi&s;&s;ure be open, or the fracture reach not through the whole bone, and if there be no contu&s;ion, &s;o that there is no fear of</HI> Sanies <HI>contained within, the skull mu&s;t not be opened, nor the</HI> dura meninx <HI>expo&s;ed to the air to no pur|po&s;e.</HI> We mu&s;t ob&s;erve that if the Fi&s;&s;ure or &s;eat of the In&s;trument de&s;cend to the middle part of the skull, &s;craping will not be &s;ufficient, but we mu&s;t proceed to trepanning, although no other <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ymptome appear; upon this account, becau&s;e the purulent mat|ter running from the lips of the wound to the mid|dle part of the skull, doth al&s;o by its ve&s;&s;els pene|trate to the membrane al&s;o, betwixt which and the skull it being gathered, cau&s;eth death: I have ob|&s;erved this in &s;everal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 15.</NOTE> who for this rea&s;on were tre|panned, that they all recovered.</P>
<P N="10">X. We put the Trepan to the broken or contu&s;ed skull, that partly we may rai&s;e the depre&s;&s;ed bone, partly that matter or bloud &s;tag<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ating in the <HI>dura meninx,</HI> may, when the hole is made, be evacuated: Yet <HI>Peter Marchetti</HI> &s;aw matter evacuated without the Trepan. &para; A young man falling from a window contu&s;ed his skull, which cau&s;ed Convul&s;ions and o|ther &s;ymptomes: The skin, after inci&s;ion made, &s;weated out <HI>Pus</HI> by the Pores of the Skull, as &s;weat u&s;eth to come through the skin. &para; A Boy having contu&s;ed his Skull, voided bloud at his No&s;e, Mouth and Ears; his Mother refu&s;ed the Trepan: The Boy being neglected thirty days, an ab&s;ce&s;s and in|flammation ari&s;ing in his head, <HI>Pus</HI> ran out at his No&s;e in great plenty. <HI>Marchetti</HI> being called at la&s;t, performed the opening of his Skull with a Trepan excellently well indeed; but becau&s;e thirty days had pa&s;t, the Boy at length died: for according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in wounds of the Skull of this nature we mu&s;t not tarry four days. The nature of our Soil and Clime is otherwi&s;e, and doth not exactly agree with the &s;ea&s;ons of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Air, nor will admit of &s;uch generous operations: Our colder air retards the quickne&s;s of the inflammation, and &s;tronger bo|dies, if a little time be allowed them, do with Na|tures a&s;&s;i&s;tence rai&s;e the bones of the Skull of them|&s;elves:<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 41.</NOTE> For I have &s;een profound contu&s;ions of the Skull cured in our City without a Trepan, onely by applying <HI>Empla&s;trum magneticum &amp; de Betonica.</HI> &para; A Walker in his &s;leep, at his full growth, and of no &s;mall bulk of body, in the Summer 1673. fell from the &s;econd &s;tory upon a flint pavement, he fell not with his whole weight upon his head, but the trunk of his body fir&s;t bore the chiefe&s;t force of the fall, o|therwi&s;e he had hardly e&s;caped the abolition of all his animal actions, and immediate death; yet in the mean time he had grievou&s;ly knockt his head, for his Skull was cleft, not without effu&s;ion of bloud within it, which is the perpetual concomitant of Fi&s;|&s;ures: The <HI>Italians,</HI> and other hotter Countries, would immediately have taken the Trepan in this ca&s;e; and &s;o would the excellent Mr. <HI>Burgowerus</HI> have done, but that the Patient and by-&s;tanders were
<PB N="78" REF="45"> ab&s;olutely again&s;t a Remedy not u&s;ual in the&s;e parts, and which to mo&s;t men carries terrour in its very name, and &s;o hindered his Intention. He endea|voured therefore to &s;top any farther profu&s;ion of bloud within the Skull, and to con&s;ume what was already extrava&s;ated: He dimini&s;hed the bloud by repeated letting of it: He rubbed all his back with di&s;cutient Oil: He wrapped his Body in Lamb|skins ju&s;t flain: He applied Cephalick bags boiled in Wine to his head: He denied him Wine: He gave him a decoction of Harts-horn to drink: He re&s;trained the motion of the bloud, di&s;turbed by the fall and grumous bloud, that was beginning to be inflamed here and there all over the body, and &s;o made very impetuous: By taking away &s;ome quantity of bloud he made the veins as it were hun|gry, that they might &s;uck back what was effu&s;ed more greedily; to which purpo&s;e al&s;o pertained his thin and cooling diet: By giving a Traumatick tincture, and outwardly applying bags &s;tuffed with Cephalick herbs, and boiled in Wine, he &s;o di&s;po|&s;ed the extrava&s;ated bloud (which would have be|come grumous, and might have cau&s;ed much da|mage by its putrefaction) that it could enter either the bloud-ve&s;&s;els, or the pores of the Glands. And he did all this not without good &s;ucce&s;s, nor with|out a precedent; for the &s;ame cour&s;e, without tre|panning the Skull, has often &s;ucceeded as well as one could wi&s;h. I cannot believe, the extrava&s;a|ted bloud pa&s;&s;ed into thin air, and vani&s;hed like a vapour; for the thickne&s;s of the Skull, and den&s;e|ne&s;s of the <HI>Dura meninx,</HI> would hinder that; which is the rea&s;on, that it pertinaciou&s;ly detains even mere water in the Drop&s;ie of the head, &s;o that the wit of Man cannot get it out without opening,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rus,</HI> de Ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">plexia, p. <HI>340.</HI></NOTE> and that is very dangerous. We &s;ee daily, how Swel|lings, half as big as a Hens egg, ari&s;ing in the fore|heads of little children from violent falls, and grow|ing black and blew with &s;uffu&s;ed bloud, do pre|&s;ently &s;ink by applying cold Iron; or if this re|percu&s;&s;ion at fir&s;t be neglected, by applying a piece of warm fle&s;h, how in a few hours &s;pace they vani&s;h, without any manife&s;t evacuation.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Although In&s;truments are often applied to the Skull in fractures or fi&s;&s;ures; yet &s;ometimes they may properly be applied to it whole,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 2.</NOTE> e&s;pecial|ly if there be fear that any veins are broken: For by this means not onely the effu&s;ed bloud is got out; but moreover inflammation, putrefaction, <HI>de|lirium,</HI> a fever, and other Symptomes are prevent|ed.</P>
<P N="12">XII. One had got a wound in the fore-part of his head, w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ich the Chirurgeon, by rea&s;on there were no Symptomes, cured in fourteen days time, according to the fir&s;t intention (<HI>Anno</HI> 1629. in the month <HI>Sep|tember.</HI>) Thus cured, he came to <HI>&V;lm, Anno</HI> 1639. in <HI>March,</HI> and complained of a great pain all over his head, of a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> dimne&s;s of &s;ight, and a Pal&s;ie in his right Arm. Now, by rea&s;on of the great &s;u&s;|picion I had of a fi&s;&s;ure in his Skull, twenty weeks after he had received the hurt, I made a triangular Inci&s;ion into the skin and <HI>Pericranium,</HI> upon the <HI>Sin|ciput,</HI> and I &s;ufficiently dilated the wound, &s;epara|ting the <HI>Pericranium</HI> from the bone, and applying Lint dipt in a Stegnotick. On the 13th day of <HI>March,</HI> when the bloud was &s;topt, I found the Skull cleft, and I bored it twice with a trepan, upon the edge of narrowe&s;t part of the fi&s;&s;ure, and took away the inter&s;tice between both holes with a turning Saw. The matter being evacuated, that fell by the fi&s;&s;ure upon the <HI>dura mater</HI> of the brain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Armam. ob&s;.</HI> 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> the &s;aid Symptomes cea&s;ed, and the Patient in a months time recovered.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Man of Three&s;core had a blow on the left <HI>bregma,</HI> with fracture and depre&s;&s;ion of the Skull: I was called to him on the 10th day in the evening: I found him in a Fever, delirous, and &s;peechle&s;s: having given the progno&s;tick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;</HI> 4.</NOTE> I undertook the cure: I made a Cruciate and laid open the Skull; the next day having taken out a few bones, that were &s;eparated from the fir&s;t table, I trepanned him. And &s;o he that was given up for lo&s;t, happily e&s;caped.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. One was wounded on the right-&s;ide of his head, the wound reached all over the <HI>Cranium,</HI> and Membranes them&s;elves, &s;o that a piece of the <HI>La|mina vitrea,</HI> where the wound did almo&s;t end, did &s;o prick the Membranes and Brain, that be&s;ides other Symptomes, there was this peculiar, a Pal&s;ie in the oppo&s;ite Arm, and the Tongue. Be&s;ide common Medicines, the next day I trepanned the Skull in the mid&s;t of the wound, but with no relief: and therefore I re&s;olved to try a new trepanning, but in vain: Then I tried two more, being fully a&s;&s;ured that the Membranes were hurt, and the brain velli|cated by &s;ome piece of bone, which I found true: for in the very operation I hit my Trepan again&s;t a piece of bone, which I took hold of, and drew out with a pair of plyers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> to which a portion of the <HI>Membrana pia,</HI> and the brain, were annext: Upon which, within half an hour, he recovered his Speech, and the u&s;e of his Arm, and lived long in good health.</P>
<P N="15">XV. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that the Trepan and the Elevatory mu&s;t never be applied to a bone that is totally broken off, le&s;t by compre&s;&s;ion of it the Membranes under it be hurt. Therefore they may be applied to the firm bone; but as near as may be to the fracture, that le&s;s of the Skull may be taken out, le&s;t the brain, deprived of its bony cover, get &s;ome hurt. Nor may you follow frac|tures, or fi&s;&s;ures, if they reach any thing far, to their very end; you mu&s;t be content to procure a pa&s;&s;age for the <HI>Sanies,</HI> and with the taking out of &s;o much bone as pricks the Membranes; for when a <HI>Callus</HI> is bred and grown under, Nature will make up the fractures of the Skull, as &s;he u&s;es to make up tho&s;e of other bones: For which purpo&s;e, &s;he, by a &s;ingular providence, hath filled the two tables of the Skull with a certain alimentary and &s;anguineous matter, that herewith, as with Marrow, &s;he might repair the hurts of this bone. The truth of this appeared lately in Mr. <HI>Grolo</HI>'s Servant, who &s;uffered a grievous fracture upon his coronal bone by the kick of a Mule. When I under&s;tood this, I made a triangular &s;ection, that &s;o I might apply the Tre|pan: The day after I had bored the bone, I thought to take it out; but as I was trying to get it out, af|ter I had &s;eparated it with the Trepan, I found, by the loo&s;ne&s;s of the bone yielding under my hand, an enormous production of the fracture; for it reached from the middle of the forehead to the outer corner of the eye: Therefore laying a&s;ide all thoughts and endeavours of taking out the bone, I thought it &s;ufficient for my Patient, if I rai&s;ed the depre&s;&s;ed bone a little higher, for then it would not be trouble&s;ome by compre&s;&s;ing the thick <HI>Meninx,</HI> and there would be &s;ufficient pa&s;&s;age for the matter by the divi&s;ion, which the Saw made.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 6.</NOTE> Up|on this, at length he recovered, onely he lo&s;t the &s;ight of his eye next the fracture.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Carpus,</HI> in his Chapter <HI>of the &s;igns when a bone pricks the Membranes and Brain,</HI> &s;aith thus; <Q>That the Skull is nouri&s;hed by the veins of the <HI>dura mater.</HI> I &s;aw by experience in a Boy twelve years old, that was kickt by a Mule, and had as much of his Skull broke as a large Wafer, pre&s;&s;ed in, and eve|ry way &s;eparated, the thickne&s;s of a Knife. When I &s;aw the bone depre&s;&s;ed, I was willing to have totally rai&s;ed it with apt In&s;truments; but in rai&s;ing it, I &s;aw one notable vein broke, that bled much, from which I knew the danger was great, and I let the bone alone, becau&s;e it &s;topt the bloud, thinking to remove it in time; and in curing, I &s;ee the bone always of a good co|lour, and there were no bad &s;igns, and &s;o I pro|ceeded in the cure afterwards, and I &s;aw the bone clo&s;e up on the edges, and I let the bone alone, and &s;o he was perfectly cured; and I have &s;een
<PB N="79" REF="45"> others both before and after which I will not &s;peak of.</Q> &para; When the&s;e veins, by which the <HI>Cra|nium</HI> is nouri&s;hed, are torn, it &s;o falls out, that they are retracted inwards, and the bloud runs from them, which putrefying, and no manife&s;t hurt in the bone being &s;een at fir&s;t; but at length cruel Symp|tomes ari&s;ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marc. Dona|tus, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 4. <HI>hi&s;t. mir.</HI></NOTE> the Patient dies. Be&s;ides, it may &s;o happen, that though no veins be broke; yet by the violent blow, and concu&s;&s;ion, much bloud may be drawn into the veins, that lie under the Skull, and the bloud being forced into, and retained in a nar|row room, and not duely purged, difflation being prohibited by its &s;tanding, and it conceiving an ex|traneous heat, Inflammation ari&s;eth, which is u&s;ual|ly attended with death; though the wound appear very &s;light to the beholders eye.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. It is the common opinion, if both tables of the Skull be broke, that the Skull mu&s;t be open|ed, that there may be a pa&s;&s;age for the <HI>Sanies;</HI> but others think application of Medicines more proper than the In&s;trument. 1. Becau&s;e by Medicines no|thing more is de&s;troyed, as is by manual operation; but what is broken, is pre&s;ently re&s;tored. 2. In|flammation and other things often follow opening of the Skull. 3. Inflammation of the Membranes of the brain is cured onely by Medicines, and not by manual operation. 4. There are Medicines that draw out Arrows, Thorns, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Why not <HI>Sanies?</HI> 5. Many have been cured onely by Medicines. I grant this to be true, if it certainly appear, that the Skull is neither broken nor depre&s;t, and that there is nothing which hurts the brain, and but a &s;mall quantity of <HI>Sanies;</HI> which the Symptomes do &s;hew: But if there be a great quantity of <HI>Sanies;</HI> or if the brain or membranes be hurt by the Skull, opening mu&s;t by no means be omitted; and it is bet|ter to prevent tho&s;e Symptomes, which if they do follow, will render the operation more difficult and dangerous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We mu&s;t take notice, that if it chance by a violent blow and great wound, that a portion of the bone &s;hould be &s;o cut, as to be wholly &s;evered from the re&s;t of the Skull, and hang onely pendu|lous by the <HI>Pericranium</HI> and Mu&s;culous skin; it mu&s;t not be pulled from the <HI>Pericranium,</HI> nor be ca&s;t away as u&s;ele&s;s, but it mu&s;t be re&s;tored to its place and po&s;ture, that when the <HI>Callus</HI> is bred, it may, by the power of Nature, be glutinated with a kind of bo|ny cicatrice, as is noted by <HI>Cel&s;us.</HI> I found the truth of this thing not long &s;ince in Captain <HI>Hydron.</HI> The middle portion of his coronal bone, three inches long, and as many broad, was &s;o cut off with a &s;trong Sword, that then it had no coherence with the neighbouring Skull, but &s;carce &s;ticking to the <HI>Peri|cranium</HI> and Mu&s;culous Skin, it lay turned over up|on his face, and gave us a pro&s;pect of the <HI>cra&s;&s;a me|ninx:</HI> Therefore I was going to pull it from the skin and ca&s;t it away, unle&s;s <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Precept had come in my mind, which bids us have a care of di&s;arming the brain of its cover, and leaving it na|ked: Wherefore fir&s;t of all I wiped off the bloud, that had fallen upon the thick <HI>meninx,</HI> who&s;e motion I could ob&s;erve by my eye; then I re&s;tored the piece of the bone turned out to its place, and tacked it to the upper part with three &s;titches with a Needle; and that there might be a pa&s;&s;age left open for the re&s;t of the <HI>Sanies,</HI> I filled the edges of the wound with Liniments: by this art it came to pa&s;s, that, though he had many large wounds in other parts of his body, yet through God's Mercy he recovered. Which may be a Precedent to us, that nothing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> neither of the <HI>Cranium,</HI> nor the <HI>Pericra|nium,</HI> no, nor of the Mu&s;culous Skin mu&s;t be ca&s;t a|way, except nece&s;&s;ity require it, and much le&s;s that the Brain &s;hould be left naked of its cover.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Let not the Chirurgeon that trepans the Skull imitate <HI>Glandorpius,</HI> who holds on boring, till the piece that is cut out of the Skull &s;tick to the Tre|pan; but when the piece of bone almo&s;t cut out begins to give way,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> having put in a weak elevato|ry, let him pull it out with a pair of plyers.</P>
<P N="20">XX. If the Skull being laid bare, be either alter|ed by the ambient air, or grow black, then it mu&s;t be &s;craped away, either to the change of colour, or till it bleed, that is, when good <HI>pus</HI> appears, and the wound clean&s;eth: If the Chirurgeon ob&s;erve this time, after once &s;craping, and &s;prinkling with Cepha|lick Powders, and treating the bone with dry Lint, he will find it the next day covered with fle&s;h. For we mu&s;t not li&s;ten to <HI>Jac. Berengarius,</HI> who, <HI>l. de fract. Cranii, c.</HI> 42. orders the bone to be ra&s;ped &s;uperfici|ally every day; becau&s;e the dera&s;ion made at the fore&s;aid time is &s;ufficient: but if it be u&s;ed before that time, it mu&s;t be often repeated, not without danger to the Patient, becau&s;e by this means the ra&s;p will at length come to the <HI>Diplors</HI> by degrees; They that are too timorous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scalretus, <HI>Tab.</HI> 29. <HI>par.</HI> 3.</NOTE> leave the de&s;quamma|tion of the altered bone to Nature's management, but they protract the cure.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. If the fi&s;&s;ure of the Skull be deep and broad enough, to let the matter purge freely from it, neither trepanning the Skull, nor violent dilatation of the wound with a Knife is proper: Therefore <HI>Chalmetaeus, l.</HI> 2. <HI>Enchir. c.</HI> 14. doth right|ly judge they de&s;erve cen&s;ure, who not onely in a little fi&s;&s;ure of the brain (although it be not deep) but al&s;o in a large one, that is open enough,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Tab. <HI>29.</HI> par. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> do boldly u&s;e the trepan: by which no &s;mall errour of theirs the cure is protracted a very long time, to the Patient's great damage, and the Phy&s;icians di&s;credit.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. I think we &s;hould have the &s;ame opinion of all tho&s;e that dilate every wound of the head; whereas Section &s;hould onely be u&s;ed, when we know not but that the Skull &s;hould be trepanned, or ra&s;ped. What &s;hould be done, when the wound of the head with a large fi&s;&s;ure, refu&s;es the ra&s;p and the trepan, <HI>Scultetus, parag.</HI> 6. doth &s;hew; con|firming it by the example of one, who&s;e left-&s;ide of his <HI>&s;inciput</HI> had &s;o large a fracture in it, that he could ea&s;ily have put his fore-finger into it; to which fra|cture a <HI>Phlegmone</HI> of the <HI>Dura mater</HI> was joined, which neverthele&s;s, univer&s;als premi&s;ed, vani&s;hed in three days, by the diligent u&s;e of oil of Ro&s;es applied warm with Silk, and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. They proceed without rea&s;on, who, in all manner of wounds in the head, make a cruciform &s;ection. If the wound be given on the right or left &s;ide of the <HI>Sinciput,</HI> the Chirurgeon mu&s;t dilate it into a Triangle, that, if it may be nece&s;&s;ary, he may &s;afely u&s;e the Trepan: He makes his &s;ection trian|gular, becau&s;e the coronal future, and the right temporal mu&s;cle forbid it to be cruciform. He be|gins the &s;ection from the forehead,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. <HI>Tab.</HI> 27.</NOTE> le&s;t he &s;hould cut cro&s;s the Temporal mu&s;cles, that he &s;hould a|void.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Marchetti ob&s;ervat.</HI> 15. denies that the tem|poral mu&s;cle can be cut without danger, as often as the wound or contu&s;ion is with the fracture of the bone, for that mo&s;t who are &s;o wounded do die: yea, he affirms, that a fi&s;&s;ure onely of the bone, ly|ing under the temporal mu&s;cle, has often cau&s;ed death. Yet examples are not wanting of its being cut without &s;uch danger: <HI>Cattierus, ob&s;erv.</HI> 9. tells, how a young Woman had a contu&s;ion without a wound, upon that mu&s;cle, again&s;t the corner of a Table: upon which &s;he became &s;peechle&s;s, with other grievous Symptomes: That the Chirurgeon <HI>le Large</HI> did reckon the contu&s;ion of this mu&s;cle, and the dilaceration of its fibres, and the compre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Pericranium</HI> that involves this mu&s;cle, were the cau&s;e of the&s;e things: Yet becau&s;e he doubted whether there were a fracture of the bone under it, he made a &s;mall inci&s;ion, according to the duct of the fibres, and a little while after her Symptomes cea&s;ed, &s;ome &s;harp <HI>Sanies</HI> ouzing out, which vellica|ted the part of a mo&s;t exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e. &para; And <HI>Bo|rellus, cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 20. relates, that Count <HI>Breve</HI> had
<PB N="80" REF="46"> got a large fi&s;&s;ure under the middle of that mu&s;cle by a fall from on high, and that Mr. <HI>Le Juif,</HI> contrary to the doctrine of Authours, made a &s;ection in the mu&s;cle, without any regard to the fibres at all, which he affirmed he had done &s;everal times in others; he &s;aith, that when the &s;ection was made, the Arteries &s;purted out the bloud, which was &s;topt with A&s;trin|gent powders and lint; when the Skull was laid bare, there &s;tuck out a pretty large &s;cale of a bone, which the &s;aid <HI>Le Juif</HI> forced violently out with his <HI>Spatula,</HI> &s;aying, there was no need of any other tre|pan, when that would doe as well, after which the bloud gu&s;hed violently out, which when it was &s;topt, the brain was anointed; he pre&s;ently recovered his &s;peech, and had his health well after. &para; One <HI>Smith,</HI> &s;ometime a Tanner in <HI>Che&s;ter,</HI> was afterwards a Cap|tain of a Company of Dragoons, which he pickt up in ha&s;te, to di&s;turb us in our Retreat from the battel of <HI>Worce&s;ter.</HI> He was wounded by &s;ome of our Sol|diers tran&s;ver&s;e the right Temporal Mu&s;cle, and was bleeding almo&s;t to death, when I was brought up to his Quarters. I &s;titcht his wound, taking the Artery up with the Lips, and, for want of other re|medies, dre&s;t it with a little Wheat flower, and the White of an Egg, applying over it a compre&s;s pre&s;t out of Vinegar, with convenient Bandage. The third day after I took off the Dre&s;&s;ings, and &s;ound the lips near agglutinated. I being then better pro|vided by an Apothecary from <HI>Warrington,</HI> &s;prinkled the lips of the wound with <HI>pulv. thuris &amp; &s;ang. draco|nis,</HI> and applied a Pledgit &s;pread with <HI>Liniment. Arcaei,</HI> and over it <HI>empl. diachalcit.</HI> The &s;econd day after I cut the &s;titches, and applied Epuloticks; and after|ward by a dre&s;&s;ing or two more cured him: I am &s;ure he was well of his wound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wi&s;eman's <HI>Chirurg. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> before he had re|cruited his &s;pirits he lo&s;t with his bloud.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. It is very doubtfull, when driers, and when moi&s;tners &s;hould be applied to the <HI>dura meninx,</HI> when it is laid open. Truely &s;ince Moi&s;tners and Driers are diametrically contrary one to another, it mu&s;t be of &s;ome moment, which of them to u&s;e. Some u&s;e &s;pirit of Wine, either alone, or with the addi|tion of Turpentine, and &s;uch like things, relying on the&s;e rea&s;ons; that all Ulcers require drying; that oils are hurtfull to the nerves, and all nervous parts, as the <HI>meninx</HI> is; that cold things are not le&s;s hurt|full; &s;uch as oil of Ro&s;es, which is commonly u&s;ed. Some u&s;e Moi&s;tners, &s;ome oil of Ro&s;es, others Pi|geons bloud dropt in, becau&s;e through &s;imilitude of Temper they fo&s;ter the native heat, keep off defluxi|ons, and a&s;&s;wage pain, the cau&s;e of Defluxions. Now, to determine aright, we mu&s;t examine the nature of the wound, the body and the clime: If the mem|brane be not hurt, if it be free of inflammation and pain, and if it look white, dry Cephalicks mu&s;t be u&s;ed; in &s;uch a ca&s;e <HI>mel ro&s;atum,</HI> with 4 or 5 drops of <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> may &s;ucce&s;sfully be applied: But if pain and inflammation be feared, and the membrane be not free from hurt, <HI>Oleum ro&s;aceum omphacinum</HI> is mo&s;t proper, becau&s;e of its a&s;tringent virtue and mo|derate cooling, whereby inflammation is prevent|ed, and &s;uppuration quickly promoted. Upon ac|count of the Clime, <HI>Meges Sid<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nius,</HI> in the hard and robu&s;t heads of the <HI>Per&s;ians,</HI> onely u&s;ed <HI>I&s;is</HI> (a Pla&s;ter &s;o called) the <HI>Italians</HI> dare not u&s;e it without twice as much oil of Ro&s;es added to it. In re&s;pect of the con&s;titution of Bodies, oil of Ro&s;es alone is &s;uffici|ent for the more tender and moi&s;t; in drier bodies, &s;uch as Seamen, Plowmen, the elder &s;ort e&s;pecial|ly, and &s;uch as have curled hair, a little Turpen|tine, or oil of <HI>St. Johns</HI> wort may be added. So in Summer, oil of Ro&s;es is more proper, in Winter Tur|pentine. <HI>J. Griffonius,</HI> as <HI>Fabricius Hildanus</HI> relates it, made &s;uch reckoning of the di&s;tinction of bodies, that he made no &s;cruple to u&s;e the &s;yrup of <HI>&V;nguen|tum Aegyptiacum,</HI> that is, the thinne&s;t part, that &s;wims at top, not with lint indeed dipt in it, for &s;o it might run to the &s;ound parts, and breed grievous Symptomes; but he gently touched the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of it with a Painter's Percil dipt in it. Now, he made u&s;e of it in a robu&s;t <HI>Swi&s;&s;e,</HI> the Membranes of who&s;e brain were infected with manife&s;t putrefaction; or corruption, which was pre&s;ently &s;topt by help of this Syrup. And the &s;ame <HI>Fabricius</HI> advi&s;es us to u&s;e &s;uch remedies, but &s;paringly, and to de&s;i&s;t immedi|ately, when the violence of the di&s;ea&s;e is repre&s;&s;ed: And he grievou&s;ly rebukes &s;ome Barber-Chirurgeons for u&s;ing <HI>Oxymel</HI> in wounds of the head, and in the membranes made bare: for by the &s;harpne&s;s of the Vinegar many grievous Symptomes are cau&s;ed, great pain, then pre&s;ently inflammation of the mem|branes, a fever, convul&s;ion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It is doubted whether the <HI>dura meninx</HI> may be cut, to make a pa&s;&s;age for the <HI>Sanies</HI> that is ga|thered upon the <HI>Pia,</HI> or the brain: For when it is prickt, there is great danger of convul&s;ion and therefore of death; which I think to be none, if the Skull be pierced in two places, and the hole &s;o laid open, that a long &s;ection may be made upon the hard membrane; and indeed, for this rea&s;on, be|cau&s;e great wounds of the head, which not onely cut the membranes, but the brain it &s;elf, are cured. When therefore it doth certainly appear, that matter is gathered between the two membranes, then we may &s;afely proceed to this operation, how|ever not void of danger; becau&s;e otherwi&s;e, if no remedy were u&s;ed, death would certainly follow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 14.</NOTE> and according to <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> it is better to try a doubt|full Remedy than none.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. I would give all Chirurgeons this Caution, in perforation to elevate the <HI>Cranium,</HI> that if po&s;&s;ible, they do not pa&s;s the <HI>Diplo&iuml;s:</HI> becau&s;e the perforation of the &s;econd table, which is not &s;o thick, but very brittle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildan. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> leaves &s;ome roughne&s;s up|on the Skull, which afterwards, by pricking the brain, doth cau&s;e Pain and other Symptomes.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Sometimes Phy&s;icians do admire, that the cure of &s;ome wounds in the head &s;hould be too long protracted: This is often ob&s;erved to proceed from &s;ome little piece of bone, which, unle&s;s it be removed, the cure will never &s;ucceed as you de&s;ire; which I have &s;everal times ob&s;erved, and which <HI>Car|pen&s;is</HI> te&s;tifies in the&s;e words. <HI>Becau&s;e bones are for the mo&s;t part brittle and gla&s;&s;y, and when a notable fi&s;&s;ure is made in the Skull, that reaches inwards, &s;ome pieces of the bone fall down upon the pannicle, and they are notable becau&s;e greater,</HI> i. e. <HI>with a greater fracture in the &s;econd table,</HI> i. e. <HI>in the inner, than in the upper, and they prick or pre&s;s the Pannicles. And the Phy&s;ician in &s;uch ca&s;es &s;hould &s;aw the Skull on the edge, enlarge the fi&s;&s;ure and take out the bone, becau&s;e &s;uch a di&s;po&s;i|tion is not otherwi&s;e cured. And I had this notable ca&s;e in a certain man, who had &s;tood for a whole year with a great piece of bone under his Skull, and the wound was remarkably long, and healed all up, but that the end of the wound could never heal or clo&s;e up; and there were two little orifices, out of which the</HI> Sanies <HI>ouzed at lea&s;t for &s;ix months. When I came I laid open the wound, and dilated it both in length and breadth, and with a Saw I removed the edge of the Skull,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Marc. Do|natus, <HI>hi&s;t. mir. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>and I found a long and thick piece upon the Pannicle, which I took out, then I cleaned the Pannicle, and in a &s;hort time I cured him, and he lives yet in good condition.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. <HI>Charles,</HI> the Son of <HI>Philip</HI> King of <HI>Spain,</HI> fal|ling down a pair of &s;tairs, got a grievous wound in his head: Chirurgeons were called, who bind up the wound, and being intent upon healing it up, neg|lect the di&s;charging of the <HI>Sanies:</HI> Therefore his whole head &s;welled like a Puff ball, and the youth lay like one in an Apoplexy. Then King <HI>Philip</HI> brought <HI>Ve&s;alius</HI> to him, who affirming, that in this de&s;perate ca&s;e, his onely hope lay in opening the <HI>Pericranium;</HI> and having got leave of <HI>Philip,</HI> he laid the Swelling open cro&s;s-ways, and by degrees eva|cuated mo&s;t fetid <HI>pus:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Schenckius.</NOTE> Then the youth came to him&s;elf again, as if he had awaked out of a deep &s;leep.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. When I practi&s;ed at the Ho&s;pital in <HI>Flo|rence,</HI> I found it mo&s;t certainly true in the event, that of 40 per&s;ons, whom we have had wounded in a
<PB N="81" REF="46"> year, &s;carce five e&s;caped: For there it is very fre|quent for the &s;lighte&s;t wound in the head to prove mortal; and they reckon it a certain &s;ign of death if the wounded Man fall to the ground, and begin to vomit; becau&s;e this &s;hews that the <HI>meninges</HI> and nerves do al&s;o &s;uffer. I have &s;ometimes thought, that perhaps this might happen from too much, and almo&s;t &s;uper&s;titious diligence in the cure, while they immediately &s;eque&s;ter the wounded Man from all company, let him bloud, prepare the humours, and purge him: And their meaning is good, yet in the mean time they almo&s;t &s;tarve him, giving him onely a little <HI>Panada.</HI> They labour mightily to &s;uppurate the wound, and keep him from the Light, which means alone are &s;ufficient to weaken Nature. But they a&s;cribe all to the &s;ubtilty of the Air, which in|deed, as it cannot be denied, &s;o whether the&s;e other things be &s;o proper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. V. Rum|lerus. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 76.</NOTE> I leave for any man to judge. As many things are done negligently, &s;o now and then &s;ome are done with care without nece&s;&s;ity.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. I think it not fit to conceal an Errour very common among &s;ome unskilfull Chirurgeons, who, in winter time, that they may keep off the hurtfull cold of the ambient air, do not onely keep the Chamber exceeding hot, but wrap their Patients heads in many clothes and &s;wathes: Yea, I have &s;een &s;ome that have held heated Tiles over their heads, while they were dre&s;&s;ing; Whence we find very &s;light wounds of the head &s;ometimes prove mor|tal: It's true, cold mu&s;t be avoided, but it mu&s;t be with moderation, as <HI>Hippocrates, l. de med. offic.</HI> &s;aith. But unle&s;s the clothes that are u&s;ed be thin and &s;mooth, heat and inflammation in the part will be rai&s;ed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">M. Donatus, <HI>hi&s;t. mir. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE> And in his Book of <HI>Fractures,</HI> when he fears inflammation he avoids a multitude of &s;wathes and clothes.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A Soldier received two blows one up|on another behind in his head, and was knocked down: There was no bloud, no fi&s;&s;ure of the Skull, nor any evident depre&s;&s;ion: After nine weeks he could &s;peak and walk well, and when he found no pain from the contu&s;ion, and was re&s;olved to be gone, he went (to all Mens thinking) to bed well, but he died in his &s;leep. When his head was opened, there was not the lea&s;t fi&s;&s;ure nor appearance of any depre&s;&s;ion; but ju&s;t under the blow, the &s;ub&s;tance of the brain, for about an inch, was putrefied ex|tremely, and the putrefaction reached to the ventri|cles of the brain. From this ob&s;ervation let Chi|rurgeons take notice, that they never judge any blow in the head little, though they find the parts containing the brain unhurt: Let them never pro|mi&s;e an undoubted cure in them. And above all, let them allow no errours in Diet; but rather let them treat their Patients with wary Art,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Scultetus</HI> Armam. Chi|rurg. ob&s;. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> and a pru|dent Diffidence, that they may approve them&s;elves their Craft's-Ma&s;ters.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. A Woman's head was grievou&s;ly brui&s;|ed with a Plank, and the skin and fle&s;h were laid open by a Chirurgeon to the bone, and the <HI>Pericra|nium</HI> was taken off, with &s;ome &s;ub&s;tance of the bone: The wound was left long open, and there were no &s;igns of the bones being broke: And when the bone at length &s;caled, &s;ome portion of the bone that was &s;eparated, was taken off violently by the Chirurge|on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ierus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 8.</NOTE> pre&s;ently the bloud was &s;een to ouze out, then an acute fever, and at length &s;he died. &para; When either by rea&s;on of a contu&s;ion, or the injury of the air, the bone is about to &s;cale, it is enough, if with|out any manual operation, &s;ome Cephalick Powder be &s;trewed on it: And as the fle&s;h grows under|neath, the dry and dead skale will be thru&s;t out of the wound, and part from the re&s;t of the bone which is alive and hath moi&s;ture in it. As it hap|pened to <HI>N.</HI> who&s;e head was brui&s;ed by a fall, after the 40th day a large and notable &s;cale parted from the re&s;t of the bone: This the Chirurgeon got out of the wound with &s;mall trouble; now, he dre&s;&s;ed the Man every day, by my advice, with tho&s;e Me|dicines the Ancients have compounded for fractures of the Skull: And the Man was perfectly cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vidus</HI> Juni|or, lib. <HI>6.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI> de cur. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> memb.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. In &s;imple wounds of the head, whereby the Skull is not hurt, how much harm the common cu&s;tome of the place in opening, or how much good the letting them alone does, in reference to cure; be&s;ide many other examples this one doth &s;et out, which was given by <HI>J. G.</HI> who was &s;truck oblique|ly, but with no great force, with one tooth of a Prong upon the right &s;ide of his head, upon the Bone called <HI>Laterale:</HI> An unskilfull Chirurgeon, by laying open the wound, made it much the wor&s;e; he made a Cruciate three inches every way, and laid the Skull &s;ufficiently open, as he thought fit; then he u|&s;ed dige&s;ters and oil for &s;everal days; whence it came to pa&s;s, that not onely &s;o much of the Skull as was laid open,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Arcaeus</HI> de curand. vuln. lib. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> but a great deal more every way was corrupted, and mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be taken out: And now the Man, through God's Mercy and my means, is well.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. The Trepan mu&s;t be applied the &s;econd or at farthe&s;t the third day after the hurt (e&s;peci|ally when any &s;harp bone pricks the <HI>dura mater</HI>) while &s;trength is good: for after three days, and as long as there is an inflammation actually, or one immi|nent, all u&s;e of the trepan is dangerous. Nor are they to be heeded, who, according to <HI>Paulus,</HI> tarry in Summer till the &s;eventh day, in Winter till the fourteenth, becau&s;e then it is too late to trepan,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Tab.</HI> 29. <HI>Sect.</HI> 6.</NOTE> when &s;trength is gone, and it may be &s;u&s;pected, that the membranes of the Brain are already infect|ed with the matter falling upon them.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. Tab. <HI>29.</HI> parag. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> When the Chirurgeon is to &s;earch how far a fi&s;&s;ure reacheth, let him (according to <HI>J. C. Arantius</HI> his coun&s;el) rather make u&s;e of Printers, than writing Ink, becau&s;e of the &s;harpne&s;s of the Vitriol.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. In &s;ome places the Skull is &s;imple, thin and pellucid, without any Pith;<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barthol. <HI>Anat. ref. li|bel.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE> Wherefore &s;ome Chirurgeons are mi&s;taken, who think they may in taking away the fir&s;t Table, cut and bore &s;o long till the bloud come.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of the juice of Burnet 4 ounces, Man's Skull calcined 1 ounce, Mucilage made of Man's Skin (e&s;pecially of the head) 2 ounces, Man's Mar|row 1 ounce and an half, White Wax 4 ounces. Mix them, make a Pla&s;ter. Apply it,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Joh. Agri|cola</HI> de vuln. capit.</NOTE> and you will admire the effect. Or (which is much the &s;ame) let &s;ome Beef wa&s;hed be put into a Gla&s;s, well &s;topt: Boil it in <HI>Balneo vaporo&s;o,</HI> and a reddi&s;h yel|low liquour will be extracted, put as much Man's Grea&s;e to this. Mix it, and keep it; it is a mo&s;t excellent Bal&s;am for wounds in the head. &para; Take of juice of Sanicle 4 ounces, Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;tick, each half an ounce, Man's Grea&s;e 2 ounces, prepa|red Magnet, Sulphur made of Gla&s;s of Antimony, <HI>Saccharum Saturni,</HI> each 1 ounce, Wax, Re&s;in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Ibid.</NOTE> each 4 ounces. Make a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Arcaeus</HI> de vuln. cap. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> This Liniment invented by me is of &s;ingular u&s;e, of which at all A&s;&s;ays it never repented me: It is made thus; Take of clear Turpentine, and <HI>Em|pla&s;t. de Gum. Elemi.</HI> each 1 ounce and half, Wether Sewet 2 ounces, old Hog's Lard 1 ounce, melt them on the fire. Make a Liniment, with which being melted, the wound mu&s;t be lightly touched with a Feather.</P>
<P N="3">3.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> The be&s;t and mo&s;t deter&s;ive Medicine in wounds of the head, is this; Honey of Ro&s;es mixt with <HI>A|qua vitae</HI> and Turpentine, or the Oil thereof, with &s;ome <HI>Sarcocolla,</HI> and <HI>Alkermes</HI> in powder.</P>
<P N="4">4. Ointment of Woodbine is a mo&s;t excellent Sarcotick Medicine, e&s;pecially in wounds of the head, when we would breed fle&s;h in the Mem|branes of the brain: It is made thus; Take of Wood|bine
<PB N="82" REF="47"> flowers powdered,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fallopius,</HI> de vul. cap. c. <HI>20.</HI></NOTE> Betony leaves powdered each 8 ounces, new Wax 10 ounces, Gum <HI>Elemi</HI> 4 ounces, black Wine &s;trong and &s;weet 12 pound. Mix them together, and boil them to the Con&s;umption of the Wine, &s;train it into cold water and keep it.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Hofmannus</HI> commends all Medicines made of Mi&s;letoe of Hazle, for wounds in the head; and Chervil al&s;o, e&s;pecially Broth made with it.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus <HI>The&s;our. l.</HI> 4.</NOTE>6. I healed a bloudy and deep wound in the head by a fall in four days, by anointing it with oil of Sulphur, and applying <HI>Empl. Dia&s;ulphur.</HI> to it. All dangerous and even incurable wounds are cured with the&s;e two things mo&s;t certainly.</P>
<P N="7">7. Betony brui&s;ed and applied doth heal with wonderfull celerity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>&s;ecret.</HI></NOTE> and its virtue is &s;o great, that it draws out broken bones.</P>
<P N="8">8. Take Turpentine, pure Re&s;in, new Wax, each 2 ounces, oil of Ro&s;es 8 ounces, Ma&s;tick, Frankin|cen&s;e, each 1 ounce, Gum <HI>Elemi</HI> 2 ounces, Wood|bine, Betony, each 3 ounces, the be&s;t Wine 10 pounds. Beat the Woodbine and Betony to pow|der, &s;teep them 24 hours in the Wine, then add all the re&s;t but the Gums, boil them till half the Wine be con&s;umed, and till they begin to look green. Strain it, and let it &s;tiffen, then pour on the Wine, and boil all till the Wine be con&s;umed that was left; &s;train it again, and add the re&s;t of the Pow|ders, and boil it on a gentle fire, always keeping it &s;tirring; then take it from the fire, and keep &s;tir|ring till it be cold.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vigierus,</HI> op. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE> Keep it. It is a mo&s;t excel|lent remedy to cure all Wounds, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the head.</P>
<P N="9"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>We<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">kardus,</HI> Thae&s;aur. Thari<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE>9. Take &s;ome fine Linen cloth, rub it well, light it at a Candle, and when it is almo&s;t burnt with the flame, extingui&s;h it in oil of <HI>St. John's-wort,</HI> and mix them well with a <HI>Spatula,</HI> and let this mix|ture be applied moderately warm to the wound in &s;tead of a Pla&s;ter; it heals wonderfully, and &s;tops bloud, e&s;pecially if a little Alume be put in it.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Carbunculus,</HI> or, A Carbuncle.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be breathed? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not with &s;trong things. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Drawers may be applied? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How one falling in may be drawn back again. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The E&s;char cau&s;ed by the cautery, mu&s;t quickly be remo|ved. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Pe&s;tilential one. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep not very hurtfull. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a Ve&s;icatory. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A rare one onely curable by watching. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it may be known from a Gangrene? <HI>XII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough the hot bloud, from which the Carbuncle ari&s;eth, &s;hould be taken away by bloud letting; yet it mu&s;t not incon&s;iderately be u&s;ed in all; but if at all, e&s;pecially in that which is not Pe&s;tilent; of which <HI>Galen,</HI> 14 <HI>method. m. c.</HI> 10. and other Authours mu&s;t be under&s;tood to &s;peak, when they talk of letting of bloud to fainting. But in a Pe&s;tilential Carbuncle we mu&s;t not ea&s;ily doe any thing that may wa&s;te &s;trength, which we &s;hould have the greate&s;t care of in the Plague and Pe&s;tilen|tial Fevers: among all which things letting of bloud to fainting is the chief; becau&s;e it evacuates the humour mo&s;t amicable to nature, and the be&s;t trea|&s;ure of life, with the Spirits: Nay, &s;ometimes when a Pe&s;tilential Carbuncle is ju&s;t breaking out, we can|not &s;afely let bloud: becau&s;e the Carbuncle ri&s;eth not at the beginning of the Plague or Pe&s;tilential-Fever always, but oftentimes four days or more af|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> when the &s;trength is already &s;pent in contend|ing with the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">II. But we mu&s;t have a care, when we let bloud, that we draw it not to a noble part, nor by a noble part, le&s;t it be affected with its Malignity: There|fore &s;uch a vein &s;hould be opened, as may rather draw to the part affected, than retract from it: If the Carbuncle be above, you mu&s;t bleed above;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> If it be below, then bleed below.</P>
<P N="3">III. Becau&s;e bad humours can &s;carce be evacua|ted by bloud-letting, &s;ome think it nece&s;&s;ary to purge, that &s;o they may be evacuated, le&s;t the in|nate heat be &s;uffocated and extingui&s;hed by them, to the end that Nature may afterwards better man|nage expul&s;ion, and the part it &s;elf may not be cor|rupted by the multitude of humours. But it is greatly to be feared, le&s;t the humour, that Nature endeavours to throw out, &s;hould be drawn inwards by the Purge: And this is mo&s;t to be feared in a Pe&s;tilential one; in one not malignant it &s;eems more &s;afe: But when there is a Fever with it, and that acute, the crudity of the matter often hinders Purging; and there is &s;carce any Carbuncle, where|in there is not &s;omething of malignity: And there|fore the malignant matter is with more &s;afety thrown to the out-parts by Alexipharmacks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> than drawn inwards by Purging.</P>
<P N="4">IV.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus, <HI>Enchir.</HI></NOTE> Two days after bleeding you may give a Purge: but let it be weak, le&s;t it cau&s;e an immo|derate motion in the Humours, which I have found ever hurtfull, and &s;ometimes mortal.</P>
<P N="5">V. After letting bloud, the part affected mu&s;t be pre&s;ently &s;carified, and with indifferent deep ga&s;hes, that the corrupt and poi&s;onous bloud may be got out, which otherwi&s;e would corrupt all near it: You may al&s;o apply a Cupping-gla&s;s, or Leeches to the place, when it is &s;carified. Yet if the Hu|mour flows thither with great violence, drawers cannot &s;afely be u&s;ed, le&s;t when the matter flows yet more abundantly, the pain grow more violent, whereupon want of &s;leep, increa&s;e of the Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> do follow.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>N.</HI> in the time of the Plague was tormented with a Pe&s;tilential Carbuncle in his <HI>Anus,</HI> it was large and black, and when it &s;truck in and di&s;ap|peared, it threatned certain death to the Patient: for retraction, I held fir&s;t one red hot Iron, and then another to his <HI>Anus</HI> (yet &s;o, as not to irritate the <HI>A|nus</HI> by touching it with the Irons, but that it might feel the heat of them as hot as the Patient could well endure) till the Carbuncle was drawn back to its old place: When it was returned, I feared it with an Iron, and laid on a Catapla&s;m, which in two days removed the E&s;char. <HI>Take of common Salt half a Scruple, Pepper</HI> 1 <HI>drachm, fat Figs</HI> N^o iij, <HI>leaves of green Rue</HI> 1 <HI>handfull, old &s;owre Leaven</HI> 1 <HI>ounce, Mix them all very well in a Marble Mortar.</HI> Renew it twice a day. (<HI>Adrian Spigelius</HI> his predece&s;&s;ours had this for a &s;ecret.) The E&s;char of the retracted Car|buncle being removed, I applied to the Sore <HI>&V;n|guentum Citrinum</HI> with lint, which hath a power to di|ge&s;t, attract, breed fle&s;h, and re&s;i&s;t Poi&s;on. This is <HI>&V;nguentum Citrinum. Take of Tobacco juice</HI> 6 <HI>ounces, new yellow Wax</HI> 4 <HI>ounces, Pine Re&s;in</HI> 3 <HI>drachms,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Scultetus,</HI> Armam. Chirurg. p. <HI>1.</HI> p. <HI>28.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Turpentine</HI> 2 <HI>ounces, Oil of Myrtle what is &s;ufficient; make a &s;oft &V;n|guent.</HI> So <HI>Aquapendent</HI> de&s;cribes it, <HI>Pentat. Chirurg. cap.</HI> 20.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If there be any that cannot bear Scarifica|tion, or if the Carbuncle will not yield to Medi|cines, and if corruption, blackne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> do &s;eem to increa&s;e, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently have recour&s;e to cau|teries, &s;eeing there is danger in the lea&s;t delay: And potential ones are not &s;o &s;afe, &s;eeing the Scab made by them falls off more &s;lowly, and &s;o the ex|halation of the corrupt and malignant humour is hindred: An actual one is reckoned &s;afer, becau&s;e the heat and drine&s;s of the fire doth &s;trongly re&s;i&s;t
<PB N="83" REF="47"> putrefaction, pre&s;erve the &s;ound parts from pu|trefaction, and draw from far: Nor need it be thought &s;o grievous a Remedy, when the Patient can &s;carce feel it, becau&s;e the Fle&s;h is dead, and we give over Burning, when there is a &s;en&s;e of pain all over it. Yet it hath this Inconvenience in it, that it leaves a Scab, which hinders the malig|nant and venomous matter from exhaling. If there|fore any one will u&s;e it, let him have a care that the Scab hinder not the exhalation of the malignant humour; therefore it mu&s;t be removed within twen|ty four hours, not by moi&s;tners and &s;uppuraters, in which there is danger of Putrefaction; but with things that deterge, dry, re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, and break off the Fibres, whereby the Scab doth &s;tick. <HI>Fabricius Hildanus</HI> u&s;es this Ointment; <HI>Take of bitter Vetch flour, root of ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd Birthwort, of Florentine Orrice, Swal|low wort, each half an ounce, Treacle two drachms; with a &s;ufficient quantity of Honey of Ro&s;es; Make an &V;nguent. Au|genius</HI> commends this; <HI>Take of</HI> Mi&s;y, <HI>or Vitriol,</HI> 2 <HI>drachms, of the be&s;t Honey half an ounce, Hogs lard</HI> 2 <HI>drachms:</HI> Mix them. I had rather u&s;e &s;uch Medicines to bring a Scab, which u&s;ually comes upon a Carbuncle, than u&s;e Cauteries; becau&s;e there is not onely &s;imple Putrefaction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> but a malignant Humour.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Cure of a pe&s;tilential Carbuncle re|quires that, as &s;oon as may be, Suppuration be pro|moted, and the fatal propagation of the evil be prevented. To doe this, I have not found any bet|ter means than an actual Cautery, which al&s;o is a way acceptable to mo&s;t Chirurgeons; but to &s;ome this &s;eems too cruel an operation, and out of a per|ver&s;e pity, being more &s;en&s;ible of its violence than the Patients them&s;elves, they chu&s;e a potential Cau|tery or a Ve&s;icatory,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbet.</HI> de Pe&s;te, p. <HI>197.</HI></NOTE> both which I al&s;o u&s;e, when I think they are either &s;trong enough, or I cannot u&s;e any other means: For &s;ometimes the Phy&s;ician is forced to give way to the plea&s;ure of the All-knowing By-&s;tanders, though it be to the Patient's hurt. &para; Carbuncles may be cured by &s;topping the &s;preading mortification of the adjoyning parts; by &s;eparating the mortified part; and by clean&s;ing and healing the Sore that is left. I have not hitherto known any thing that more powerfully, certainly and &s;ooner &s;tops the &s;preading mortification of Car|buncles, than Butter of Antimony, if it be anointed round the part affected; for then the corruption of the part, which &s;o &s;preads and eats all before it, &s;tops. Next to this I reckon <HI>Magnes Ar&s;enicalis,</HI> made of e|qual parts of Ar&s;enick, Antimony and Sulphur, and mixt in convenient Pla&s;ters: by help whereof the corrupted part is di&s;po&s;ed to its &s;eparation: which &s;ame thing al&s;o the Butter of Antimony performs, for it does not onely put a &s;top to the progre&s;s of the pe&s;tilent Venome, but moreover &s;eparates the corrupt parts from the &s;ound. All Bal&s;ams of Sul|phur, and e&s;pecially <HI>ani&s;atus,</HI> mixt with <HI>&V;nguentum te|trapharmacon</HI> and <HI>ba&s;ilicon,</HI> and applied to the Sore, do effectually clean<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e the parts, when freed from the pe&s;tilent Carbuncle:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sylvius de le</HI> B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;, Ap|pe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. ad pr. Tr. <HI>2.</HI> in fine.</NOTE> And the &s;ame Bal&s;am mixt with &s;ome common known Pla&s;ters doth <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eal up the Sore when it is clean&s;ed.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Sleep is &s;everely prohibited in a Carbuncle, becau&s;e in it men think the Poi&s;on is drawn inwards, whereas notwith&s;tanding one would conjecture, t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">at in Sleeping the heat inclined outwards, from the Heat and Sweats that people are in while they &s;leep: Therefore it is not at all nece&s;&s;ary to keep Patients &s;everal days from &s;leep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 714.</NOTE> as I have &s;ome|times &s;een, and &s;o afflict and weaken them.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Boy four years old, had been afflicted three days with a Carbuncle in the middle of his Forehead with a red Swelling, black in the middle; all his Face was puffed up. To &s;top it, I order pre&s;ently a Cau&s;tick to be applied to the black part, and <HI>&V;n|guentum ba&s;ilicon</HI> with Treacle, Oil of Scorpions of <HI>Ma|thiolus</HI> and the Yelk of an Egg to the E&s;char; and a Catapla&s;m of Plantain to the whole Tumour: be|&s;ides repeated Bloud-letting and Cordials, I applied a Ve&s;icatory to his Neck; the next day I find the Fever much abated, the Inflammation of the Tumour remitted, and all things a&s;&s;waged. The benefit of the Ve&s;icatory was here ob&s;ervable; for by deriving a great part of the virulent humour, it mu&s;t be believed it performed the greate&s;t &s;hare of the Cure: Therefore, I think, it &s;hould be u&s;ed in every one, and applied near the part. I u&s;ed no de|fen&s;ative of Bole,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;</HI> 9,</NOTE> becau&s;e of the hurt of Repellents in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Face.</P>
<P N="11">XI. In the City <HI>Rupecurven&s;is</HI> there is a Di&s;ea&s;e cal|led <HI>Malvat,</HI> which is a &s;ort of Carbuncle, of which all men, unle&s;s they pa&s;s nine days without &s;leep, do dye; In the mean time they make &s;ection round the Carbuncle, and apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and at la&s;t they are cured with <HI>&V;nguentum ba&s;ilicon.</HI> Without doubt this Di&s;ea&s;e is contracted from &s;ome latent Contagion in Sheeps wool: for all the Inhabitants employ them&s;elves in Woollen Manufacture; and therefore it onely comes in the Face or Hands of the poorer &s;ort.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P t. Borel|lus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 12.</NOTE> And Watching procured by any means does good, becau&s;e in Sleep, a concomitant of this Evil, the Poi&s;on centres to the Heart.</P>
<P N="12">XII. It is di&s;tingui&s;hed from a Gangrene,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. Clo&s;&s;ae. us <HI>ad</HI> Greg. Hor&s;ii m, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>ob.</HI> 13.</NOTE> not by &s;en&s;e of the part, for that is lo&s;t in both, but by &s;carifying the place: for if when the Fle&s;h is cut deep, it be black, and neither froth nor corrup|tion come out, but remains dry, with inward hardne&s;s, it is a Carbuncle. &para; The greate&s;t part whereof, which gave the denomination to the Di&s;|ea&s;e, is as it were turned into a Coal; wherefore it is void of &s;en&s;e, and treated like a Gangrene, cir|cum&s;cribing and limiting it either with Medicines or In&s;truments. Yet a Gangrene requires another Cure, becau&s;e it often happens, that the Gangrene is corrected, and the part is re&s;tored to its natural &s;tate, tho&s;e things being evacuated which &s;hould be, and tho&s;e applied which vindicate the part from putrefaction.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius, <HI>te|trab.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 58.</NOTE> The Leaves of upright Vervain beat in a Mor|tar with Fat, and applied, do wonderfully take a|way the cru&s;ts of Carbuncles, and &s;top fluxions to the place.</P>
<P N="2">2. Take green Scabious, and beat it in a Mortar, then add the Yelk of an Egg, &s;ome old Hogs-lard and a litle Salt, mix them well: it's an efficacious Catapla&s;m.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Horat. Au|genius, <HI>de Feb. l.</HI> 8. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> I have &s;een a pe&s;tilential Carbuncle per|fectly &s;uppurated and overcome with this Cata|pla&s;m in 5 hours time.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Countrey people of <HI>Naples</HI> have a &s;ecret Remedy of the Leaves of Prickly Bind-weed: If they that have the Plague apply that &s;ide of the Leaf, which is &s;mooth and glib, to the Swelling, it pre&s;ently draws the peccant matter out:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol. <HI>Hi&s;t. Anatom.</HI> 27. <HI>cent.</HI> 6.</NOTE> but if they turn the rough and white &s;ide, it repells the hu|mour inwards.</P>
<P N="4">4. A Catapla&s;m of a &s;owre-&s;weet Pomegranate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> or of one &s;owre and another &s;weet, boiled well in Vinegar, is very good to take off the acrimony of the humour in all malignant and inflamed Pu&s;|tules. It is found &s;o by experience.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is a wonderfull thing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Seba&s;t. Cor|tilio.</NOTE> and reckoned for a Secret; Beat Comfrey and Dai&s;ies between two Stones, and apply them for a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="6">6.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. P. Fab.</NOTE> Spirit of common Salt is a high Alexiterial Medicine, if &s;ome calcined Gold be di&s;&s;olved in it. &para; Salt of Toads burnt to a&s;hes, extracted with wa|ter of <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> outwardly applied wonderfully cures pe&s;tilential Carbuncles, and &s;afely heals all Cankers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem,</NOTE> Half a drachm with Cinnamon-water is &s;ufficient.</P>
<P N="7">7. Take of the Root of White-lily, Mar&s;h-mal|low, each 2 ounces; Lin&s;eed, Flowers of Chamae|mil, Mullein, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, each 1 handfull; Figs N^o 20: boil them in Milk, and &s;o apply them. It is
<PB N="84" REF="48"> good al&s;o in pe&s;tilential Buboes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">olph. Go<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lenius.</NOTE> as I have experien|ced.</P>
<P N="8">8. If a deep blew Sapphire touch a pe&s;tilential Car|buncle,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pt. Van H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lmo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t.</NOTE> and be rubbed on it for &s;ome time, and then taken away, it draws out all the Poi&s;on, if its virtue be not weakned before: therefore &s;ome u&s;e to circum&s;cribe the &s;wollen place by drawing the Sapphire round it, le&s;t the Poi&s;on &s;hould expati|ate farther, and invade &s;ome noble part adjoining.</P>
<P N="9">9. Wheat chewed in a &s;ound per&s;on's mouth, and laid to the place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;.</HI> 28. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> a&s;&s;wages Carbuncles, and then at &s;ome di&s;tance draw it round the &s;ore.</P>
<P N="10"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aeus.</NOTE>10. Rhadi&s;h root cut into pieces, and often laid to the Carbuncle, draws out the Venom powerfully. &para; I have often u&s;ed the following Remedy &s;ucce&s;sful|ly, to a&s;&s;wage the heat and pain of Carbuncles, and promote their Suppuration; Take of Soot &s;craped from the Chimney 3 ounces, Salt 2 ounces, reduce them to fine Powder, add 2 Yelks of Eggs, &s;tir them together, till they be in the con&s;i&s;tence of a Pulte&s;s. Lay it warm to the Carbuncle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Praevotius.</NOTE>11. The Pulp of Quinces brui&s;ed, and applied to a pe&s;tilential Carbuncle, cures it &s;ucce&s;sfully.</P>
<P N="12">12. A Woman, that had a very bad Carbuncle a|bout her mouth and lips, was thus cured: When I had fir&s;t &s;carified the place, I applied this Medicine; Take of the Juice of Comfrey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;c. Va|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eriola.</NOTE> Scabious, Marigold (the&s;e have a wonderfull and powerfull property a|gain&s;t pe&s;tilential Carbuncles and Buboes) each 1 ounce, old Treacle 4 &s;cruples, Salt 1 drachm, Yelks of Eggs N^o 2. This Secret of mine never failed me.</P>
<P N="13"><NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Vigerius.</NOTE>13. You can apply nothing better to Carbuncles than this Remedy; for it extingui&s;hes the maligni|ty to a miracle; Take of quick Lime 1 ounce, &s;oft Soap, what is &s;ufficient; mix them. Make an Oint|ment and apply it to the &s;ore.</P>
<P N="14">14. The Carbuncle is forced into a narrow com|pa&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus.</NOTE> where it can doe le&s;s harm, if brui&s;ed Scabious be laid round it on the &s;ound place, and Tan&s;ie be laid on the Carbuncle, and it will be done more ea|&s;ily, if afterwards &s;ome Hellebore root be thru&s;t be|tween the Skin and the Sore, cutting a hole in the Skin fir&s;t.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cardialgia,</HI> or, The Heart-burn.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes bloud mu&s;t be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its legitimate Cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If complicated with a Fever, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Strengthners may be applied? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When incra&s;&s;ating and a&s;tringent things are proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diet. <HI>VI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is no &s;ea&s;on to let bloud, when &s;incere bile offends, and it is onely admitted in three Ca&s;es. 1. When there is a hot Intemperature of the Liver, that produces very hot bloud, which is the rea&s;on, neither any fle&s;hy nor fat &s;ub&s;tance can be produced. So in <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> A man in <HI>Oe|nia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> was taken with mo&s;t violent pains of his Stomach, after he was let bloud in both Arms, and a good quantity taken away he was cured. 2. When a blou|dy <HI>Ichor</HI> flows from the Liver or the whole Body to the Stomach, becau&s;e of the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the haemorrhoids.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 68. <HI>c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n|tur.</HI> 2.</NOTE> 3. When it proceeds from the Sup|pre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>men&s;trua.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Its legitimate and proper Cure is taking away the Cau&s;e, which mu&s;t be done in this order; When the fit is coming, Vomit mu&s;t be provoked immedi|ately, after <HI>Galen</HI>'s example, 6. <HI>in</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem. comment.</HI> 5. who rai&s;ed Vomiting either with &s;imple Oil, or mixt with Water. We give &s;ome Meat-broth to &s;ix oun|ces, with Oil of Almonds and <HI>Syrupus aceto&s;us,</HI> each 3 ounces. When a Man has vomited, if the fit con|tinues, it is a &s;ign of thick Bile &s;ticking to the Sto|mach; therefore give 4 or 5 ounces of the Syrup; and an hour after, except he vomit again of his own accord, give him 6 ounces of new Oil of Al|monds: for the matter being thus incided, deter|&s;ed and attenuated by the Syrup, may more ea&s;ily be carried off either by Vomit or Purge. Nor let the <HI>Syrupus aceto&s;us</HI> make you afraid at all, becau&s;e (as <HI>Avicenna</HI> teacheth) it converts Bile into Phlegm, and Phlegm into Bile. And pre&s;ently after Vomiting, when the gnawing is laid, &s;ome a&s;tringent, &s;trength|ning thing mu&s;t, according to <HI>Galen</HI>'s advice, be ap|plied outwardly. And thus you mu&s;t proceed in preventing remedies; you mu&s;t again dimini&s;h the matter, temper the heat of the Bile and Fever, withdraw it from the Stomach, intercept its pro|gre&s;s, and &s;trengthen the mouth of the Stomach: In the Cure thus; you mu&s;t &s;ometimes allay the Pain with Anodynes or even with Narcoticks; &s;ometimes you mu&s;t di&s;charge the cholerick matter by gentle purging and vomiting, till the Heart-burn and Fe|ver be dimini&s;hed and quite taken away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In a Heart-burn with a Fever &s;ometimes a Vomit mu&s;t be given, &s;ometimes not: And at other times it is more expedient either to purge or take off the acrimony of the humour. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be very &s;mall or moderate, though the &s;trength be good, you may omit clean&s;ing the Stomach, and proceed to &s;trengthners and qualifiers: If the Di&s;ea&s;e be violent, you mu&s;t qualifie the acrimony and al&s;o clean&s;e the Stomach: And when the Heart-burn is laid, you mu&s;t evacuate the whole Body either by bloud-letting or purging, as the nature of the Di&s;|ea&s;e &s;hall &s;eem to require. <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glaucon,</HI> puts this ca&s;e. <HI>Come on</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>if one be in a Fever, and there be a plethorick di&s;po&s;ition, but proceeding from fre&s;h cru|dities, and he be heart-burned: or al&s;o, if he &s;hould vomit any bad humour, and in his di&s;charge &s;hall be much offended, &s;o as to be very &s;ick and re&s;tle&s;s, &s;hall we here with re&s;pect to the Fever try onely to evacuate the</HI> Plethora, <HI>which otherwi&s;e without trouble we might doe? Or &s;hall we rather provide for the mouth of the Stomach; and afterwards, when this is grown &s;omething better, evacuate the whole body, as much as the ca&s;e requires? I think we &s;hould doe this la&s;t: for I have &s;een many who have been thus held, &s;ome of them dye, others brought to death's door, when the Phy&s;icians have attempted to cure them, before they had &s;trengthned the mouth of the Stomach.</HI> Hence it appears, that when the Heart-burn is vi|olent, we mu&s;t not vacuate the whole Body; but &s;trengthen the Stomach, take off the acrimony of the humours, and afterwards proceed to purge. This indication of taking off the acrimony of the Bile bore &s;uch &s;way with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> that he, 4. <HI>acut.</HI> in an acute Fever with Heart-burn, fearing the fu|ture Symptome, gave boiled A&s;&s;es milk. The&s;e things mu&s;t be done in the Fit: but in the time of Interval, when this Symptome is laid, we mu&s;t go to the ordinary Cure; but when the Di&s;ea&s;e is very violent, we mu&s;t doe all at once, <HI>i. e.</HI> purge and &s;trengthen the Stomach, and take off the acrimony of the humours. Now the Que&s;tion is, What way we &s;hould purge. As to vomiting, <HI>Galen</HI> in the fore|cited place &s;peaks thus; <HI>But &s;uch</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>as are wa&s;ted with bad humours, gnawing the mouth of their &s;tomach, you mu&s;t cau&s;e them to vomit with warm water, or water and oil: If they be hard to vomit, you mu&s;t fir&s;t warm the places near the mouth of the &s;tomach, and the hands and feet; but if they cannot vomit this way, they mu&s;t provoke it by putting their finger or a feather in their throat: But if this way neither will doe; they mu&s;t again take the be&s;t Oil can be got, a little warm: for Oil u&s;ually does not onely provoke to vomit, but al&s;o makes the Belly loo&s;e. And this is very good in the pre|&s;ent ca&s;e: wherefore unle&s;s it happen of it &s;elf, it mu&s;t be procured by Art, and this thing above all we mu&s;t attempt with proper remedies.</HI> Where he propo&s;es Medicines to purge &s;harp and biting humours; &s;uch as both take
<PB N="85" REF="48"> off the acrimony, and purge not onely by vomit but by &s;tool: Water and Oil moi&s;ten, loo&s;en and obtund; Oil an&s;wers this intention be&s;t, for &s;ome|times it cau&s;es vomit, &s;ometimes it gives a &s;tool; yea, and &s;ometimes it doth both; but becau&s;e it doth not &s;trengthen, but make lax, he therefore gives Wormwood boiled in Honey and Water: And at length, when Superfluities are every way purged out of the Stomach and Guts, he then ap|plies him&s;elf to &s;trengthning with a&s;tringents inward and outward. This way of cure differs from the former, where he &s;uppo&s;ed the Heart-burn le&s;s than to cau&s;e &s;ainting, namely, &s;uch a Heart-burn as comes by &s;its and may be cured in the intervals: But here he &s;uppo&s;es a dangerous Symptome, name|ly, Fainting. Therefore in the former Cure <HI>Galen</HI> would have us fir&s;t &s;trengthen the mouth of the &s;to|mach, and proceed afterwards to vacuate the whole by letting bloud or purging, but here he makes no mention of evacuation: Again, in the former he would have us onely take care of the mouth of the &s;tomach; but here he explains the way to mitigate, to purge by vomit and &s;tool, and to &s;trengthen. What therefore is the rea&s;on of this diver&s;ity? No other certainly, but becau&s;e the Heart-burn, and all Gnawing of the &s;tomach, is rather to be correc|ted with obtunding and alterative Medicines, than enraged with evacuating ones: But when nece&s;&s;ity is urgent, we mu&s;t make u&s;e of the&s;e, but then they mu&s;t be moderate in their kind, &s;uch as both obtund and purge from the place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Au<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e|genius, <HI>Tom.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t. l.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 128.</NOTE> as in the ca&s;e pro|po&s;ed by <HI>Galen, i. e.</HI> when Fainting is either expec|ted, or actually pre&s;ent.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 19. &s;aith, the fir&s;t Indication in the Heart-burn is, to apply Catapla&s;ms to the Sto|mach, which may repre&s;s it: Secondly, to &s;top Sweating. For this he is grievou&s;ly found fault with by &s;ome, becau&s;e, when this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ometimes takes its original from the &s;ole acrimony of humours in the Stomach; &s;ometimes, be&s;ide that, from a ba&s;e, poi&s;onous quality; yet, before the peccant humour be either vomited or purged; or, if it cannot be e|vacuated, before its acrimony be taken off, or its ba&s;e quality &s;ubdued, he applies a&s;tringent Medi|cines to the mouth of the &s;tomach, whereby the matter is more &s;tufft, and rendred more &s;tubborn in evacuation and alteration. Yea, <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 14. while the bad humour is yet contained in the part grieved, he bids us in the beginning onely warm the parts near the mouth of the &s;tomach, and the hands and feet to make the part affected lax, that &s;o it may more ea&s;ily di&s;charge and divert the matter. All which things indeed, as they are true when the Di&s;ea&s;e gives truce, and time allows the u&s;e of &s;uch Remedies; &s;o when the ca&s;e is hazar|dous, and &s;trength &s;inks (which is <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> his ca&s;e, wherein the Body is melted with immoderate Sweat, and the Pul&s;e is low and weak) we mu&s;t imme|diately have recour&s;e to &s;trengthners, as <HI>Galen</HI> there advi&s;es, <HI>(See the place at large above.)</HI> Be&s;ides, a&s;tringents fir&s;t &s;trengthen the mouth of the &s;to|mach; but then they are the cau&s;e, that when it is &s;trengthned, it forces the noxious humours down|wards that u&s;ed to ri&s;e upon it, which falling down|wards,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rubeus,</HI> com. in loc. citat.</NOTE> and &s;timulating the lower pa&s;&s;age of the &s;to|mach, are at length di&s;charged by &s;tool.</P>
<P N="5">V. While the Heart-burn continues, and the matter is much dimini&s;hed, we may &s;afely proceed to things that intercept the cour&s;e of the humours to the &s;tomach, to be given two hours before the Fit (if a Fever be joined with it) And they are incra&s;&s;ating and a&s;tringent things; as, <HI>Take of prepa|red Pearl</HI> 1 <HI>drachm, true</HI> terra &s;igillata <HI>half a &s;cruple,</HI> Scorzonera-<HI>water</HI> 4 <HI>ounces, Pomegranate-wine</HI> 2 <HI>ounces.</HI> Give a &s;poonfull often. <HI>You may add</HI> 5 <HI>drops of Tinc|ture of Corall.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> If it be malignant, give new Treacle with Pearl.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> cured a Woman of the Heart-burn without intermi&s;&s;ion, by giving her Barly grewel, with &s;ome juice of Pomegranate in it, and eating once a day. Now if the Pain came from Cold, how could Pomegranate-juice be proper? If from Heat, why mu&s;t &s;he eat no more than once a day? For they that are &s;o held, are hurt by nothing more than Fa&s;ting; in&s;omuch that unle&s;s they eat &s;ome|thing in the morning before their u&s;ual dinner time, they either faint, or at lea&s;t feel a greivous gnaw|ing; and they are never better, than when their Sto|machs are full of victuals, whereby the Bile is im|bibed, and the clo&s;e contracted Stomach is not re|ceptive of it. Certainly her Di&s;ea&s;e was from a fluxion of hot humours, and they that are &s;o held, mu&s;t take food neither in a &s;mall quantity, nor thin, becau&s;e &s;uch corrupts and increa&s;es the Cacochy|my; but if a good quantity and &s;ub&s;tantial be taken, it frees from fluxion and concocts. Neverthele&s;s a great quantity taken often can never he concocted, e&s;pecially in an indi&s;po&s;ed Stomach; therefore they mu&s;t eat plentifully, and but once. But becau&s;e they cannot pa&s;s any long time without all manner of food, they &s;hould u&s;e &s;ome light and medicinal Breakfa&s;ts and Suppers, &s;uch as Barly-grewel with Pomegranate-juice. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does not here mean by <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>all ta&s;ting of Food,</HI> but, <HI>one full dinner;</HI> &s;o his advice is to dine once well, and at other hours to take a ta&s;te of &s;omething medici|nal, which cannot load the Stomach; as if you &s;hould advi&s;e one to take a To&s;t and &s;mall Wine for Breakfa&s;t in Winter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. lib.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and Pomegranate-juice in Summer; and for Supper, Barly-grewel, with that juice or a baked Pear.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The Stomach of an O&s;prey dried to Powder and drunk doth wonderfully help them that cannot dige&s;t their meat; but it mu&s;t not be continued, for it cau&s;es leanne&s;s. &para; In a continual Pain and Vo|miting, when nothing will &s;tay in the Stomach, this is an approved Remedy; Two Yelks of new-laid Eggs, a &s;poonfull of Honey, Powder of Ma&s;tick half a drachm, let them be made hot in live Em|bers in an Egg-&s;hell;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Benedi|ctus.</NOTE> take this thrice a-day at &s;eve|ral intervals.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cae&s;alpinus.</NOTE> A large Cupping-gla&s;s with much flame &s;et on for an hour, cures forthwith, like an enchantment.</P>
<P N="3">3. I have known this Electuary doe much good;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 6.</NOTE> Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es 6 drachms, <HI>Spec. Aromat. ro&s;at.</HI> 2 &s;cruples, White-frankincen&s;e 1 &s;cruple. Mix them, make an Electuary. Take the quantity of a Che&s;nut when you go to bed. &para; Take of Sea-wormwood tops, Chamaemil, each 1 Pugil; White-frankincen&s;e one drachm: Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water. Strain it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. lib. <HI>2.</HI> con&s;. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> To 4 ounces of the Colature add of Syrup of the juice of Chamaemil, Feaver-few, each half an ounce; for 2 do&s;es. With this I have ea&s;ed mo&s;t violent Pains in the Sto|mach and Inte&s;tines. &para; This is a mo&s;t pre&s;ent Remedy for the Heart-burn;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, l. <HI>2.</HI> p. <HI>314.</HI></NOTE> Take of new Con|&s;erve of Ro&s;es 2 ounces, <HI>Spec. Aromat. ro&s;at.</HI> 2 &s;cruples, White-pepper 1 &s;cruple: Mix them.</P>
<P N="4">4. This Liquour appea&s;es the Pain in the Stomach wonderfully, if half a drachm of it be given;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Deodatus,</HI> pan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h. hyg.</NOTE> Take of Ma&s;tick 4 ounces, the be&s;t rectified Spirit of Wine half a pound, Galangale 1 ounce; Infu&s;e them, dige&s;t them, and di&s;till them by an Alem|bick.</P>
<P N="5">5. Oil of Sweet-almonds taken in &s;ome Broth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lael. &agrave; Fonte, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 35.</NOTE> that hath had Citron-&s;eeds boil'd in it, is of great efficacy; and &s;o is Emul&s;ion of Citron-&s;eeds.</P>
<P N="6">6. The Sapphirine Oil of Chamaemil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> given to 4 or 5 drops in Mint-water, is excellent for the Heart-burn.</P>
<P N="7">7. In Heart-burning from acid Phlegm and crude Juices &s;ticking to the Stomach, Oil of Ani&s;eeds rub|bed on the region of the Stomach is of great effi|cacy.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="86" REF="49">8. This is highly commended in Pain of the Sto|mach; Take of Nutmeg 2 drachms, Spirit of Wine 2 ounces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> Honey of Ro&s;es till it be &s;weet; boil them a little; take 2 or 3 &s;poonfulls.</P>
<P N="9">9. I can reckon up &s;everal who have been cured of mo&s;t bitter Pains in their Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Peterius.</NOTE> onely by ap|plying a Pla&s;ter of Gum <HI>Tacamahaca.</HI></P>
<P N="10"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;t. Rhudi|us, <HI>art. med. l.</HI> 2 <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE>10. Take of <HI>Spec. Hierae</HI> 2 drachms, <HI>Diarrhodon Ab|ba<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> half a drachm, and with Marmalade of Quinces not aromatized I have made <HI>Bolus</HI>'s, and given them to &s;everal, who commonly the &s;ame day were all of them freed from their Symptoms.</P>
<P N="11">11. In this Di&s;ea&s;e I u&s;e this: I take 3 Eggs and break them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Herc. Saxo|nia.</NOTE> and with Oil of Ro&s;es and Ma&s;tick I make Fritters of them, and apply them to the mouth of the &s;tomach: It is an excellent Remedy.</P>
<P N="12">12. I have often found 1 drachm of Powder of <HI>Calamus Aromaticus,</HI> given in 2 ounces of clarified Juice of Worm-wood hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> very effectual in the Heart|burn.</P>
<P N="13">13. About 3 ounces of the Juice of Dill boiled in Water, and drunk, doth wonderfully relieve the Pain of the &s;tomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE> that is with reaching and hick|cough.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Catalep&s;is,</HI> or, A waking Sen&s;le&s;ne&s;s or Stu|pidity, wherein a man retains the form and figure of one awake, when neverthe|le&s;s all the functions of his mind and &s;en|&s;es are a&s;leep.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Cured by voiding Worms. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine may be allowed? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Girl not full eight years old in a Burn|ing-fever was fir&s;t taken with a deep &s;leep, and then with a <HI>Catalep&s;is,</HI> her Eyes being quite open: She took nothing down for &s;even days, but a little Chicken-broth with Pur&s;lane boiled in it; &s;he lay pale,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nedictus,</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>26.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">ur. mori.</NOTE> &s;peechle&s;s, and without motion, onely &s;he breathed with difficulty. The Mother, in utter de|&s;pair of her Daughter, gave her a Suppo&s;itory of Honey, with which &s;he voided a knot of forty two Worms without any excrement, and pre&s;ently came to her &s;elf. Some caliginous Vapours from the&s;e Animals in her Belly &s;eized all the Sen&s;es of her Brain.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rtis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 34. <HI>c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n.</HI> 1.</NOTE>II. <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> allows Malm&s;ey-wine to Cata|leptick per&s;ons, after who&s;e example <HI>Amatus</HI> permits Cretian. Wine is be&s;t with &s;ome Sage or Ro&s;emary in it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Catarrhus,</HI> or, A Catarrh or Defluxion.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Head is often in no fault, and therefore not to be tormen|ted with Remedies. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many Di&s;ea&s;es a&s;cribed to it ami&s;s. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not cured by one way alone. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concoction mu&s;t be more attended than Evacuation. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Intemperature or the Brain not always to be blamed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by Cold needs not Medicines. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud letting in a Cold one be proper? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it may be &s;topt? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Purge may be given? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If a &s;alt one falls upon the Brea&s;t, we mu&s;t purge. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If we fear a Con&s;umption, we mu&s;t give a &s;trong Purge. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit is &s;ometimes proper. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it may be given in a &s;uffocative one? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a &s;uffocative one. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long upon Vacuations and Revul&s;ions. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;alt one cured with I&s;&s;ues between the Shoulders. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With a Seton in the Neck. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it falls upon the Brea&s;t, a Ve&s;icatory proper. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Becchicks hurtfull in time of Defluxion. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By the abu&s;e of &s;weet things it runs the more into the mouth. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bath waters and Spaws be good? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Whey be good? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Decoctions of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> not always whole&s;ome. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Fever be the care of it? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Decoctions hurtful. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Bathing. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wa&s;hing of the Head, &s;ometimes good. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fumes, when proper? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pla&s;ters to &s;top it dangerous. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Rubbing the Head bad. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Anointing hurtfull. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a drying Diet be always proper? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What po&s;ture one &s;hould lye and keep ones Head in? <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Exerci&s;e of the lower parts whole&s;ome. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Venus,</HI> whether proper? <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Catarrh falling upon the Brea&s;t. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a violent one falling upon the external parts. <HI>XXXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is clear from <HI>Galen</HI>'s Te&s;timony, 2. <HI>de differ. Febr. cap. ult.</HI> that &s;ometimes a Catarrh is cau|&s;ed by &s;ome fault in the bloud, when the head is no way out of order. Therefore one cannot &s;ay ab&s;olutely that a Catarrh is the cau&s;e of a Fever. It is confirmed, becau&s;e the &s;ubject bowels, or of|ten the whole body may afford fewel to the Ca|tarrh, the head continuing altogether unhurt: for the Catarrh &s;ometimes ari&s;es from fulne&s;s of body, &s;ometimes from the heat of the &s;ubject bowels, and &s;ometimes from the weakne&s;s of the head, as is ga|thered from <HI>Galen ad Glauconem, cap.</HI> 15. While there|fore the &s;ubject bowels abound with excrements, they con&s;pire in production of the Catarrh,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th. vit. err. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>26.</HI></NOTE> either becau&s;e in a long tract of time they are indi&s;po&s;ed, or becau&s;e &s;ome errour is committed in the fir&s;t concoction, as when the belly is &s;tufft with excre|ments, in which ca&s;e the head may be &s;ound: They err therefore, that apply Remedies, as Em|brocations, Wa&s;hings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to the head, which is one|ly hurt by &s;ympathy, when the &s;ubject bowels &s;hould be cured. &para; Oftentimes excrementitious humours that are &s;ent up from the lower parts to the brain, cau&s;e a Catarrh, and acquire a preterna|tural motion,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riverius,</HI> Prict. cap. propr.</NOTE> the ordinary pa&s;&s;ages being ob&s;truc|ted, by which they u&s;e to be purged: And then the Catarrh is opportunely cured by opening the pa&s;&s;ages, together with gentle and continual Pur|ging by Broths or &s;ome Decoctions, celebrated for &s;everal days. &para; From Cauteries actual or potenti|al upon the coronal Suture a Phy&s;ician can expect nothing but great harm: for though they be com|mended by <HI>Aetius, Avicenna, Aegineta;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 1. <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> yet I cannot ap|prove of them. This Commendation is founded upon the old <HI>Hypothe&s;is, That the Brain is the fountain of Catarrhs,</HI> which however is now expired. &para; A Ca|tarrh is not bred in the Brain, becau&s;e either private or publick excrements are gathered there: Private excrements the Brain hath but few: The publick invented by <HI>Argenterius,</HI> that are confluent thither from the whole Body, are none, neither moi&s;t nor vaporous: It is a Figment, that the Brain is like a Cupping-gla&s;s, or an Alembick, or like the Roof of a Hou&s;e that receives the Vapours from below; or like the Middle region of the Air, in which the Vapours a&s;cending from the Earth are conden&s;ed, and fall like Rain or Snow upon the Microco&s;m. The whole Body gives occa&s;ion to the&s;e Catarrhs: This doth by the Arteries put away the impure A|tomes of the Bloud, before it comes to the Head, either upon the Membranes of the No&s;e or Jaws:
<PB N="87" REF="49"> The&s;e Membranes do imbibe and &s;weat out the&s;e Atomes after this manner: The Arteries, and part|ly the Veins al&s;o, are divaricated like Spiders-webs into the &s;pongy fle&s;h of the No&s;e and Jaws, and &s;weat through like dew, after the &s;ame manner that Aliment does, or Liquour in a new earthen ve&s;|&s;el.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> The Catarrh penetrating after this manner, while it is not altered by the Membrane, runs down thin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE>II. Crudities are the cau&s;e of all Catarrhs. &para; And there are Impurities, not onely through the fault of the fir&s;t and &s;econd Concoction, but of the third al&s;o, which is onely made for the due nutrition of every part, of which depravation al&s;o the <HI>Archae|us</HI> provoked by external cau&s;es, and therefore neg|lecting the office of appropriate dige&s;tion, is the cau&s;e. For it is a certain Axiome, where there is aliment, there is excrement; and, Where there is nutrition, there is al&s;o &s;egregation of excrements; or, if the expul&s;ive faculty langui&s;h, collection of them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 11.</NOTE> Therefore there is no nece&s;&s;ity, that we &s;hould &s;o indu&s;triou&s;ly fly to Catarrhs and Di&s;til|lations of humours, when every part, if it labour of any Infirmity, may manife&s;tly gather its own pro|per preternatural excrements, the &s;ame way as <HI>Hel|mont</HI> hath explained it.</P>
<P N="3">III. There is need of much caution and di&s;tinction in the Cures of Catarrhs: For an old Man, de&s;ti|tute of native heat, and labouring of perpetual Cru|dity, mu&s;t be cured one way: A hot young Man, who abounds with a bilious and ea&s;ily fermenting <HI>Serum,</HI> another way: They who&s;e di&s;tempered Bow|els and very moi&s;t Head create this Floud, one way: They that create them&s;elves this trouble by Surfei|ting and Crudities,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Ig|natius Shiar|mair. <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 1.</NOTE> another: A Catarrh in the be|ginning, while the humours grow hot, ferment, and are in motion mu&s;t be treated one way: When the Ebullition is cea&s;ed, another: And we mu&s;t pro|ceed differently with re&s;pect to the quality, quanti|ty and motion of the matter.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The concoction and maturation of Defluxions, is the moderation or adequation of their &s;ub&s;tance and qualities, which e&s;pecially cures and ripens Fluxions. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates de vet. Medic.</HI> <Q>Flux|ions (&s;aith he) which, I think, are all cau&s;ed by the acrimony and intemperature of humours, are recovered and cured, when they are temperate and concocted, that is, made thicker: as in an <HI>Ophthalmia,</HI> the heat and inflammations of the Eyes cea&s;e, when the Fluxions are concocted and made thicker, and the weeping matter of the Eyes &s;top: And concoction is made by thorough mix|ture and mutual tempering. And he &s;ubjoins. Moreover Fluxions falling upon the Throat, from which Hoar&s;ene&s;s, Quin&s;eys, <HI>Eri&s;ypelas, Pe|ripneumonies,</HI> all the&s;e fir&s;t of all come down moi&s;t and &s;harp, wherein the Di&s;ea&s;es are confirmed: But when, being made thicker, they are grown more ripe, and free from all acrimony, then both the Fevers, and whatever things offended by rea&s;on of the Defluxion of the Catarrh, are at an end.</Q> &para; Nor yet are they to be irrita|ted by Medicines, as <HI>Plutarch</HI> &s;aith in his Book to <HI>Apol|lonius;</HI> <Q>Neither <HI>(&s;aith he)</HI> do the be&s;t Phy&s;icians pre&s;ently draw out their Auxiliaries of Medi|cines again&s;t copious Defluxion of humours; but they let the gravity of the Phlegm by outward anointings ripen of it &s;elf, becau&s;e time u&s;es to ri|pen all things.</Q> And that this does not onely hold good in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Body, but in Pa&s;&s;ions al&s;o of the Mind; <HI>Oceanus</HI> al&s;o hath left us it in <HI>Ae&s;chylus,</HI> who per&s;uades <HI>Prometheus</HI> that <HI>Jove</HI> was not to be prayed to nor addre&s;&s;ed in the fir&s;t heat of his Fury,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Langius, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 160. <HI>lib.</HI> 2.</NOTE> but after he had concocted his anger.</P>
<P N="5">V. Sometime the Brain is temperate, yet fruitfull in Catarrhs; becau&s;e of the narrowne&s;s of the pa&s;|&s;ages either natural or a&s;cititious, by which it pur|ges the excrements into the no&s;trils: therefore when its excrements do not run by their due cha|nels, being increa&s;ed in the Brain, they cau&s;e di&s;til|lations by other ways;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius.</NOTE> which appears in tho&s;e that &s;nore and keep the no&s;trils open in their &s;leep.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Sometimes the humours offend neither in quantity nor quality; but are &s;uddenly &s;queezed out onely upon occa&s;ion of the Cold that &s;hrinks the part in good &s;trength, whereas they would other|wi&s;e have been expelled in a longer tract of time. He that would treat the mittent part in this man|ner di&s;po&s;ed with Medicines, might ca&s;t his Patient into a Fit of &s;ickne&s;s. I have &s;ometime &s;een per|&s;ons well in health, that have been tormented &s;ome days with a Di&s;tillation of the Brain, by rea&s;on of the cold Air, who within a &s;hort time after, the matter being con&s;umed, which could not be con|tained, becau&s;e the parts were contracted by the external Cold, remained well in health, becau&s;e the mittent part was every way &s;ound. Empiricks, while they pre&s;cribe Wa&s;hings, Embrocations, Cup|ping, and things of the like nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> meth. vit. err. l. <HI>10.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> to the&s;e men for the cure of the part mittent, do fall into a ma|nife&s;t errour.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Sometimes in a cold Di&s;tillation we mu&s;t begin with Bloud-letting,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia,</HI> pract. prael.</NOTE> when a plenitude is an|nexed, common or determinate, and that mixt. And this mu&s;t be done, when the matter that falls upon the Lungs and Brea&s;t gives &s;ome fear of a Pe|ripneumony, ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;ie or Quin&s;ey.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joubertus.</NOTE> &para; Bloud-letting is not convenient, becau&s;e it renders the humours more fluid: therefore unle&s;s the Lungs, or Sides, or Brea&s;ts be di&s;affected, we mu&s;t onely u&s;e Purgation. &para; One of the&s;e five conditions do be&s;t &s;hew it. 1. The Nature and Quality of the fluent matter; if the Fluxion be hot, &s;harp, and come violently, bleed; which you may know, if bloud and half concocted &s;pittle be rai&s;ed by coughing, then it is evident that Exe&s;ion is made by tarrying for Concoction. 2. If the Fluxion fall upon a part, from the hurt whereof Life is endan|gered, we mu&s;t not then &s;tick to let bloud. 3. If the Body be full. 4. If there be a continual or in|termittent Fever, &s;o it ri&s;e to putrefaction; other|wi&s;e the cure of a Catarrh may be expected from an <HI>ephemera.</HI> 5.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercatus,</HI> cap. proprio.</NOTE> We mu&s;t bleed when the Defluxion falls &s;o violently and &s;uddenly that it cannot be &s;pit up; for Nature is diverted, that it cannot &s;o well &s;end to the part affected. &para; In a Catarrh <HI>Rha|&s;es</HI> would have a Vein opened, if after applying a Cloth to the Head, the Di&s;ea&s;e be neither taken away nor dimini&s;hed: He hath re&s;pect to a hot Ca|tarrh, wherein the matter is forced from the Head cooled by &s;ome external cooling cau&s;e; for he knew that &s;ometimes in the beginning the Cold does overcome the Bloud, and that if it be remi&s;s, it will go away with warm Cloths, for by u&s;ing them but a little time, the Head is not &s;o heated as to draw the Bloud, but its Cold is onely taken off; and the Cold being conquered, the Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;o likewi&s;e, that is, the expre&s;&s;ion of the catarrhous matter cea&s;eth. Sometime the Cold of the Head is overcome by the Bloud, if the Cold be &s;o fixt, that it will not give way to hot Cloths, wherefore the Di&s;ea&s;e is neither taken away nor dimini&s;hed: And therefore it is nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e tho&s;e Medicines that heat more than hot Cloths;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci|us.</NOTE> and then if Bloud &s;hould abound it would be drawn to the Head: Since therefore the Bloud is of more moment, than the Cold in the Head, a Vein mu&s;t be fir&s;t breathed. &para; Becau&s;e it often &s;o falls out, that a Phy&s;ician hap|pens upon &s;uffocating Catarrhs; when there is ful|ne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Claudinus,</HI> de Catarrho.</NOTE> and the matter begins to fix upon &s;ome noble part, he mu&s;t immediately let-bloud.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t much &s;cruple to proceed to &s;top|ping things; for unle&s;s grievous Symptoms do urge, we mu&s;t not u&s;e &s;topping things before purging or revul&s;ion of the humours; yet if the humour do &s;o pour upon the Lungs, as by its &s;harp violence to cau&s;e a grievous Cough, or to endanger Suffocation or Exulceration, we may pre&s;ently, before we
<PB N="88" REF="50"> purge, &s;top its unbridled motion. We mu&s;t contrive to give the&s;e &s;topping things at night and after Sup|per; for what matter is already got into the pa&s;&s;a|ges, &s;hould be expectorated: but at night all things have a motion thither,<NOTE PLACE="marg">He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mius.</NOTE> for the juices in &s;leep creep inward. &para; It is queried whether a Catarrh may be &s;topt, for it is not lawfull to drive back a noxi|ous humour into a principal part, as the Head is, and to &s;top up the pa&s;&s;ages whereby it &s;hould be e|vacuated? But we are not willing to &s;top up the pa&s;&s;ages, but onely to thicken the humour, that it may more ea&s;ily be di&s;charged,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ir. med. pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> le&s;t it &s;hould cau&s;e a greater mi&s;chief.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Purging may be u&s;ed in Patients, when there is imminent danger of Suffocation or Con&s;umption, without any preparation premi&s;ed, whatever they think to the contrary who fear le&s;t a Purge &s;hould di&s;turb the humours and carry them to the place af|fected:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxoni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> prae<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ct. pract.</NOTE> which rea&s;on has no weight with me, for upon the &s;ame account we might never give a Purge in any Di&s;ea&s;e of an inward part, le&s;t the grieved place &s;hould receive the moved matter. &para; Concer|ning the u&s;e of Purgatives ob&s;erve; Fir&s;t, they are convenient when matter &s;hould be purged from the whole; becau&s;e from 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 85. we mu&s;t not u&s;e Hellebore in every Catarrh, &s;eeing &s;ometimes we mu&s;t onely look after the Head, when namely the matter offends not in the whole. Secondly, when Purgatives are given, coction of the matter to be carried off mu&s;t ever be &s;uppo&s;ed, at lea&s;t in the whole; for &s;eeing that in a precipitate Di&s;tillation it mu&s;t be &s;uppo&s;ed, the peccant matter for the greater part is driven from the whole to the head, as to a weaker part, it &s;eems rational to conclude, that what remains in the whole is concocted and conquered: for if there be any bad excrements in the body, and they &s;eparated from the good juices, for the mo&s;t part they are tran&s;mitted to the wea|ker parts, and therefore may be purged as if con|cocted: for this rea&s;on <HI>Galen, loc.</HI> 2. gave a young man <HI>Coloquintida</HI> that was &s;ick of an <HI>Alopecia,</HI> as &s;oon as he vi&s;ited him. But whether may we purge the matter of a cold Catarrh at the beginning without preparation? Some would have it &s;o for this rea|&s;on, becau&s;e if it were copious and fell extreme violently upon the Throat or Brea&s;t, there would be imminent danger of Suffocation and <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> which could be no way &s;topt but by Purging:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Cl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">udinus,</HI> Tr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. de Ca|tarrho.</NOTE> But if a Purge &s;hould be given becau&s;e this matter by rea|&s;on of its toughne&s;s and thickne&s;s re&s;i&s;ts the Phy&s;ick, it may ea&s;ily be di&s;turbed, and being thrown up|on the &s;ame parts, may create tho&s;e very &s;ame evils, or wor&s;e. Therefore I think &s;harp Cly&s;ters &s;hould be u&s;ed in their &s;tead.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> &para; If fulne&s;s compell us to evacuate the body, we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;uch things as leave &s;ome a&s;triction behind them.</P>
<P N="10">X. If a &s;alt Catarrh fall upon the Brea&s;t, we need not he&s;itate about the u&s;e of Purgatives: for <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, 5. <HI>meth.</HI> 14. gave a Purge of Pills made of Aloes, Scammony, <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> Agarick, <HI>Bdellium</HI> and Gum-arabick, the u&s;e of which would yet be &s;afer, if &s;ome Whey of Goats-milk prepared were given when they begin to work; or Barley-water to two or three pounds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 18. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> <HI>Elect. de &s;ucc. Ro&s;ar. Dia&s;ebe&s;t. &s;elut. Troch. de Violis cum Scammon.</HI> &amp;c. do purge the thin matter, without waiting for concoction.</P>
<P N="11">XI. When the Bowels and Bloud are brought to good temper, &s;ome Head-pills made of <HI>Coch. &s;impl. Au|reis &amp; Ma&s;tick</HI> may be given twice at lea&s;t; &s;eeing <HI>Ga|len,</HI> 5. <HI>meth.</HI> 14. made u&s;e of very &s;trong Pills of A|loes, Scammony, <HI>Coloquintida</HI> and Agarick, even in an Ulcer of the Lungs. Yet they &s;hould always drink Whey or Barley-water after the&s;e Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, con&s;. <HI>18.</HI> cent. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> to hinder drought and heat in the Bowels.</P>
<P N="12">XII. If a Catarrh be very &s;tubborn, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Vomits,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">rius.</NOTE> which powerfully root out the matter of it. &para; <HI>We mu&s;t give Hellebore to them that have a Defluxion falling from their Head.</HI> Hippocrat. 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 302. By <HI>give Hellebore,</HI> that way of Purging onely mu&s;t be under&s;tood, which is made by Vomiting: for it is certain, that when there is mention made of Helle|bore &s;imply, the white mu&s;t always be under&s;tood, which the Ancients u&s;ed frequently to purge up|wards with all. And <HI>l. de loc. in b. &s;.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 133. When a Defluxion from the Head is coming, he affirms that a Vomit is convenient; and the rea&s;on is, Be|cau&s;e the upper parts, where the root of the Di&s;|ea&s;e is &s;trong, are emptied;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pr. Martia|nus,</HI> Conim. in cum lo|cum.</NOTE> and a revul&s;ion of the humours is made, which falling downwards might create Di&s;ea&s;es in the lower parts.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In a &s;uffocative Catarrh Vomits may &s;erve for mo&s;t Medicines, becau&s;e when they are &s;ea&s;onably given, both the antecedent and the continent cau&s;e is removed from the Pipes of the Lungs. Yet it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved that if the fault lye in the whole ma&s;s of bloud, and bad humours mixt with the bloud be carried with the Arteries forcibly to the Lungs, and be &s;o rai&s;ed by &s;ome exotick ferment, that there is great danger of Suffocation;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> as it often happens in the Scurvy and Hypocondriack Di&s;ea&s;es, then Vo|mits doe no good, but Bloud letting.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. They that are often troubled with Defluxi|ons, &s;ometimes fall into a &s;uffocating Catarrh, which is no le&s;s dangerous than an Apoplexy. Now, accor|ding to the advice of Phy&s;icians, bloud mu&s;t pre&s;ent|ly be let, Frictions upon the Shoulders, Neck and Arms, and &s;trong Ligatures mu&s;t be made: A Ve&s;i|catory of Leaven, <HI>Cantharides</HI> and Vinegar mu&s;t be laid on the coronal Commi&s;&s;ure:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> <HI>Loch de &s;cylla cum O|xymelite &amp; Ammoniaco</HI> mu&s;t be given if the matter be thick; or, if it be thin, we mu&s;t proceed to <HI>Pilul. de Cynoglo&s;&s;.</HI> (yet we mu&s;t not exceed one Scruple in a do&s;e.) I mention the&s;e things, becau&s;e in &s;udden Di&s;ea&s;es the minds of Phy&s;icians are often in &s;uch con&s;ternation, that they cannot think of Remedies. &para; A Phy&s;ician often happens upon &s;uffocating Ca|tarrhs, concerning which my advice is, that when there is fulne&s;s, and the matter begins to fix in any noble part, Bloud be immediately let: be&s;ides, to dilate the Brea&s;t and get Breath, let a Cupping-gla&s;s be &s;et upon the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> of the <HI>Thorax;</HI> and for the &s;ame purpo&s;e and to divert, let Cupping-gla&s;&s;es be al&s;o &s;et to the fle&s;hy parts of the <HI>Scapulae.</HI> For &s;o many e&s;cape, whereas &s;everal mi&s;carry, when men go to work with other Remedies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> that di&s;turb the matter.</P>
<P N="15">XV. This is incident to all Di&s;ea&s;es which come of a Catarrh, that the more we endeavour to e|vacuate and repell, the more we irritate the hu|mours: And what is the rea&s;on? The humours go not whither we plea&s;e, but whither the way is o|pen; an unavoidable argument that the laxity of the pa&s;&s;ages is the proximate Di&s;ea&s;e: But why then do we u&s;e &s;uch things? That when the hu|mours are dimini&s;hed,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hofmannus,</HI> in In&s;tit.</NOTE> the Di&s;ea&s;e may be &s;hort|ned.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. I had a Patient forty years old, cholerick and lean, who had been four years troubled with a &s;harp and &s;alt Catarrh falling from his Head upon his Lungs: I made him, at the beginning of the Cure, two I&s;&s;ues between his Shoulders, two inches on each &s;ide the <HI>Spina dor&s;i;</HI> and I ordered him to apply a Cupping-gla&s;s upon them once a week: which Remedy did &s;o much good in re&s;pect of the Sero&s;ities,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. Mar&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>ad</HI> Ri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eri|um, <HI>ob&s;</HI> 6.</NOTE> which were drawn out in great quanti|ty every time, that I mu&s;t needs a&s;cribe the whole Cure in a manner to it.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. I put a &s;top to a Catarrh falling violently upon the Palate and Throat, and threatning very bad Symptoms, when it would yield to no Reme|dies, by a Seton in the Neck, and &s;o conquered and bridled its malice. When it has been worn &s;ome months, and after the Patient is recovered, an I&s;|&s;ue either in the left Arm, or right Thigh,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 15.</NOTE> may not be ami&s;s.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. To hinder a Catarrh from falling upon the Brea&s;t, it is &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary to bli&s;ter the Head, to the end that the Catarrh may be di&s;&s;olved, and get
<PB N="89" REF="50"> out at the Skin, and not fall upon the Lungs; which nothing but very hot things will doe, &s;uch as put the whole body in a heat: Therefore it is dange|rous in Fevers to apply hot things to the Head. In&s;tead whereof I would have the Head &s;haved ve|ry clo&s;e, and Powders (becau&s;e hotter things can|not be approved of) of <HI>Sandaracha,</HI> Ma&s;tick and Ro|&s;es, which do not heat violently, but dry and com|fort the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 145.</NOTE> &s;o that the matter does not fall down.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is known, that in the de&s;cent of a Ca|tarrh, which for the mo&s;t part cau&s;es a violent Cough, things which irritate much doe hurt in the beginning. And I would have this carefully taken notice of, (for I have ob&s;erved it) never to give irritating things, and &s;uch as help to rai&s;e Spittle near night or in the evening about bed-time: for if it be done, then Sleep is hindred by the commotion of the matter, and there is often danger of Choa|king, while the matter moved by violent &s;train|ing to cough, is precipitated downwards on a &s;ud|den. Wherefore, that both Sleep may be promo|ted, the matter of the Catarrh concocted and thick|ned in time of re&s;t, and the &s;trength of the Head better confirmed, it will be good, while one &s;leeps, to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">old Sugar of Ro&s;es, or &s;omething el&s;e in the mouth, that may thicken the humours, and to ab|&s;tain from all things that provoke coughing: But if, after &s;leeping time is over, there be occa&s;ion for things that help to rai&s;e ea&s;ily, let moderate ones be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oethaeus <HI>a|pud</HI> Schenc|lium.</NOTE> le&s;t the di&s;turbed matter create more apparent trouble, and the falling of the Catarrh be increa&s;ed.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Sometimes Receipts to &s;top Defluxions mu&s;t not be made of very &s;weet things, becau&s;e of the Patient's palate; or rather, becau&s;e over &s;weet things cau&s;e a Defluxion; As once I made &s;ome of <HI>Acacia</HI> and other tart, and not very &s;weet, things for Cardinal <HI>Turaine,</HI> whereby he found great benefit: For tho&s;e holes, that are behind the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> by which Phlegm is purged, are lax, and Phlegm continual|ly runs through them: Therefore that part is to be &s;traitned: But let Spike and things ingratefull be omitted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius, <HI>p. m.</HI> 9 4.</NOTE> and Cinnamon al&s;o being of thin parts, becau&s;e it rai&s;es Defluxions.</P>
<P N="21"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus, <HI>co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 93. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE>XXI. In a hot Catarrh cold Spaw-waters are good, for twelve or fifteen days, ten or twelve pounds a day, for while they pa&s;s by Urine, they open ob|&s;tructions, and cool the Liver and Head, which will then grow dry. &para; When the Head is dried, and the Lungs them&s;elves in &s;ome mea&s;ure, their ex&s;icca|tion and &s;trengthning mu&s;t be perfected with &s;ul|phureous Waters, taken inwardly for twelve days, with &s;omething that is laxative: for a better Re|medy cannot be found in the whole Art; which yet are no way convenient, except the Head be fir&s;t dried, becau&s;e they affect the Head, fill it, and melt the humours, and &s;o encrea&s;e Di&s;tillations, whereas neverthele&s;s when the Head is dried, they doe it no harm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 13.</NOTE> but dry it more.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Some Phy&s;icians propo&s;e Whey of Goats-milk for &s;ubduing a hot Di&s;tillation: but I reckon it hurtfull, becau&s;e though it cools, yet it moi&s;tens; and, which is of greater concern, it &s;o fills the Head it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia,</HI> Prael. pract.</NOTE> that men obnoxious to Di&s;tillations, by the u&s;e of Whey, fall into the Gout. &para; I prefer the Spaws before Whey of Goats-milk, for Whey, as it is a moi&s;tner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 93. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> cannot chu&s;e but increa&s;e Defluxi|ons.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. There can nothing more hurtfull be u&s;ed in Di<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">illations, than &s;uch things as &s;imply attenuate the humours: Which I would have the Moderns take notice of, who in cold Di&s;tillations &s;o willing|ly fly to Decoctions of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and other attenua|ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. in v. <HI>14</HI> &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. <HI>6.</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI> Epid.</NOTE> not con&s;idering that by the u&s;e of the&s;e things Di&s;tillations increa&s;e daily, which &s;hould be cured by Concocters and moderate Thickners, as <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> teacheth.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. In a phlegmatick Catarrh it is a piece of ra&s;hne&s;s to hope for a Remedy by rai&s;ing a Fever, another way of cure not being fir&s;t tried by evacu|ating, inciding, concocting and aperient Medicines; e&s;pecially if you know the man to be one who is not lightly in a Fever:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vallerius,</HI> me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h. med. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> yet &s;ometimes we mu&s;t come to a Fever.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. It is an errour of the Moderns, to u&s;e De|coctions in water for Fluxions; &s;eeing it is evident, that whatever is taken in form of Drink,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> cont. l. <HI>1.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>3.</HI> de m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|mul.</NOTE> though it have a drying faculty, yet it always increa&s;es moi|&s;ture in the body, e&s;pecially if it be taken with food.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. <HI>Avicenna</HI> approves of bathing in &s;weet wa|ter both for a hot and cold Catarrh: If it be cold, he di&s;approves it, before maturation: In a hot one, he approves of it, becau&s;e the matter gives way; but not in a cold one, becau&s;e the matter is thick and vi&s;cid: If a Catarrh be imminent, he forbids it; becau&s;e it moves the matter. And while the Pati|ent u&s;es it, he ought to &s;weat, for &s;o the faulty mat|ter is evacuated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capiva<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ci|us.</NOTE> and drawn to the out &s;ide of the body. &para; When the Body is full, and the Di&s;tillati|on yet crude, I think Bathing not convenient, be|cau&s;e it melts the humours;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> otherwi&s;e it draws from the Head, and moderately dige&s;ts.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. I have ob&s;erved, in tho&s;e Cities where Di&s;tillations from the Head are familiar, (&s;uch as <HI>Rome</HI> is) that Women,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> in ver&s; <HI>14.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>6.</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI> Epidem.</NOTE> onely by Wa&s;hing their heads, are pre&s;ently ea&s;ed of their Head-ach, which has its original from a Catarrh. For by it the Pores of the Head are opened, through which the Va|pours, that are retained by the Clo&s;ene&s;s of the Skin, and that increa&s;e the Di&s;tillation, may ex|hale, and the acrimony of the humours is mitiga|ted, which is the cau&s;e that Fluxion remains, and cau&s;es Pain. &para; I do not approve of Wa&s;hing, with a Decoction of cold and drying Herbs; becau&s;e for the mo&s;t part people offend in wiping it. But if ei|ther cu&s;tome or nece&s;&s;ity require it, a Ly with &s;ome Leaves of Red-ro&s;es and Myrtle may be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato <HI>apud</HI> Scoltzium, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 21.</NOTE> &s;o the Head be wa&s;hed afterwards in cold water, and a hot Cloth, fumigated with Powder of Ro&s;es and <HI>Storax,</HI> be applied.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Some di&s;approve of Fumes, building up|on that of <HI>Hippocrates, aphor.</HI> 28.5. But if, when the Body is purged, and the Veins of the whole habit abound not with bad hot Juices, they be made u&s;e of, it is certain they &s;ometimes help a cold Brain; &s;uch as are made of <HI>Nigella</HI> &s;eed, Frankincen&s;e, Su|gar, hot Vinegar, Powder of <HI>Storax,</HI> with Sugar and a little white Amber. You may refer hither Smoak of Tobacco, which draws much phlegmatick humours into the mouth; <HI>Heurnius, l.</HI> 1. <HI>meth. ad prax.</HI> mentions it. <HI>Tobacco</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>taken in &s;moak is endu|ed with a wonderfull virtue, for it brings away great plenty of Phlegm out at the mouth and no&s;trils: The dry leaves are ca&s;t upon hot coals, and the &s;moak is taken in at the mouth wide open, by a narrow funnel: for it goes through the whole brain; and it may be got into the ears or womb the &s;ame way. I can affirm, that this herb is peculiarly adapted to the brain, that it ea&s;ily affects the way thither, and doth clean&s;e it from all filth.</HI> But the frequent &s;moaking it does violence to na|ture, e&s;pecially in young and cholerick Bodies; as it does good to cold and over moi&s;t Brains, that overflow with Water and Phlegm. Let this be the principal Caution, that it be u&s;ed for nece&s;&s;ity, but not for wantonne&s;s, there mu&s;t be &s;paringne&s;s and mea&s;ure; fir&s;t, let the whole Body be purged, and then the Head with Sternutatories. <HI>Crato</HI> in <HI>Scholt|zius</HI> condemns much Fuming, which, he &s;aith, mu&s;t be avoided by People &s;ubject to Catarrhs, and &s;uch as have a Weak head: And he condemns the cu|&s;tome of the <HI>Italians,</HI> who heat &s;ome Tow in the fume of Frankincen&s;e or Amber, or &s;ome &s;uch thing, and apply it to the coronal Suture; affirming that they doe hurt, by &s;topping the matter of the Ca|tarrh where it is in great quantity, and e&s;pecial|ly if the Head be hot. But le&s;t the Head &s;hould be oppre&s;&s;ed, let the Cloths be fumed without the Chamber.</P>
<P N="29"><PB N="90" REF="51">XXIX. Pla&s;ters applied to the head &s;top the De|fluxion for a time, afterwards the whole matter falls down on a &s;udden, whence comes &s;udden &s;uffo|cation: It &s;tops for two or three days, becau&s;e it &s;u&s;pends the Catarrh;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus.</NOTE> but in the mean time this in|crea&s;es, and by its &s;udden de&s;cent in two hours time kills a man.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. In a &s;tubborn de&s;tillation of the head I al|low of Fomentations by the frequent applying of bags filled with Millet, Bran, Salt and Marjoram, but with rubbing with warm cloths; that the heat may reach deep, and concoct the humours: for no man can be ignorant that frictions mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in de&s;tillations of the head.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Anointings propo&s;ed by <HI>Trallianus</HI> are to be omitted, as u&s;ele&s;s in a cold Catarrh, and &s;u&s;picious in a hot one. <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>Meth.</HI> 13. applied Rubificants of Pigeons dung and Stave&s;acre with good &s;ucce&s;s in a hot Catarrh, to draw back and divert the violence of the defluxion, but not to take away the cau&s;e; therefore <HI>Trallianus</HI> found fault with him without a rea&s;on: Yet I think we had better not meddle with the&s;e two Medicines, &s;ince it is not granted us to imitate him in all things; onely indeed they are &s;a|fer in a cold one, yet &s;u&s;pected when there is a &s;ym|pathy with the parts below. <HI>Aetius</HI> al&s;o is of the &s;ame opinion, and &s;ub&s;cribes to <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, who 6 <HI>de &s;an. cu.</HI> determines the contrary.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 14. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> Wherefore it is &s;afer in the beginning to apply our &s;elves to revul|&s;ive, diverting and intercipient Medicines.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A drying Diet &s;eems convenient by the law of contraries, becau&s;e abounding moi&s;ture makes the Catarrh. But what is the material cau&s;e of Ca|tarrhs? A multitude of phlegmatick, thick, tena|cious and cold humours: now con&s;ider well whe|ther Plenty do not require evacuation, thickne&s;s attenuation, toughne&s;s deter&s;ion, or inciding cold heating: what vacuation a drying diet makes, will not take away a great quantity, becau&s;e onely thin and &s;erous humours are evaporated by it, the thick are made more &s;tubborn: Neither will it attenuate or ab&s;terge the humours, for the heat acting upon the humours, fir&s;t con&s;umes that, which can ea&s;i|ly be tran&s;muted into Vapour, and acts but dully upon the thick and tough humour, which &s;hould fir&s;t be con&s;umed, &s;eeing it cau&s;es and encrea&s;es the di&s;ea&s;e: Nor is the heat of any u&s;e that is procured by a drying diet; for all heat, when it hath not whereupon to act, preys upon the radical moi&s;ture: Therefore a drying diet is u&s;ele&s;s, both becau&s;e it deprives the body of nouri&s;hment, and becau&s;e it renders the humours more &s;tubborn. Tough hu|mours in the body are made fluid the very &s;ame way, as Artificers Glew, which is made liquid not with dry things but moi&s;t. <HI>Galen</HI> treating <HI>Lib. de atten. vict. rat.</HI> about the expectoration of tho&s;e things that op|pre&s;s the Lungs, &s;aith, that what is got out of the Lungs, mu&s;t not onely be incided and made hot, but mu&s;t be moderately moi&s;tned, le&s;t the &s;pittle be hardned and made tough. But the humours that are carried to the head can be attenuated no other way, than they in the Lungs. <HI>Galen</HI> indeed &s;aith there, that bodies in which cold, thick and tough humours abound, are relieved by the u&s;e of attenu|ating meats:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus</HI> de octarrbo, cap. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> But this opinion mu&s;t not be tran&s;lated from Bodies to Humours, which mu&s;t not be atte|nuated by actually dry things, but by &s;uppings wherein inciders are boiled, and tho&s;e actually li|quid.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. The choice of a convenient po&s;ture for the Head, hath re&s;pect either to the a&s;cent of mat|ter to the head, or to its de&s;cent from the head up|on the parts below. As for the A&s;cent, it is certain that the humours will get to the head with more difficulty in an erect po&s;ture, than in a leaning one, becau&s;e the humours by their proper gravity run downwards of their own accord; which every one may ea&s;ily experiment in his own hand, if he let it hang down. As for what concerns the de&s;cent of the Catarrh, it is undoubted that the humours con|tained in the head will de&s;cend more readily in an erect po&s;ture by the help of their innate gravity. Therefore if the parts receiving the Catarrh be more grieved than the head that &s;ends it, a leaning po&s;ture is proper for it. But if benefit accrue to the head, by unloading it &s;elf upon the more igno|ble part, then put an high pillow under the head. And according to <HI>Cel&s;us, lib.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 4. if there be diffi|culty of breathing, which often happens in a de&s;til|lation, the Patient mu&s;t lie with his head high.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Exerci&s;e of all the lower part is very nece&s;&s;ary,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sax<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nia,</HI> pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">l. pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t.</NOTE> for for this very rea&s;on Weavers are not &s;o much troubled with Catarrhs, becau&s;e they ex|erci&s;e their feet much.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> writes indeed, that <HI>Venus</HI> is good for phlegmatick di&s;ea&s;es, the abun|dance of Phlegm being dried up, where there is &s;trength for it. Yet from hence we may not inferr that it is good for people in a Catarrh, nor yet from the hi&s;tory of <HI>Timocharis,</HI> who, he &s;aith, had a de&s;tillation in winter, e&s;pecially upon his no&s;e, and when he had u&s;ed <HI>Venus</HI> it dried up: His no&s;e in|deed grew dry; but it is ill concluded from thence that his di&s;ea&s;e was cured; &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ubjoins that la&s;&s;itude followed, and heat and dulne&s;s in the head, di&s;ea&s;es wor&s;e than the Catarrh. <HI>Saxoniae</HI> thinks this opinion of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> applicable to hot Catarrhs.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Calligenes (lib.</HI> 7. <HI>Epid.</HI>) in the Twenty fifth year of his age had a Catarrh, and violent cough: he brought up what he rai&s;ed with great violence, nothing &s;taid below that fell down, this la&s;ted four years: Hellebore did no good, but a moderate Diet, and to macerate the body, to eat bread, to ab&s;tain from &s;harp, &s;alt, fat things, <HI>&s;uccus Silphii</HI> and raw hearbs, to walk much: Drinking of milk did him no good, but drinking pure <HI>Se&s;amum</HI> with &s;oft wine. Hence it is manife&s;t, the Catarrh came not &s;o much from a multitude of humours in the whole body, or in the head, as from a proper intemperature of the Brain; &s;o that the excrements did not &s;o much cau&s;e the intemperature, as the in|temperature cau&s;ed the excrements: for if excre|ments had been the chief cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, pur|ging would have done good; but becau&s;e the intem|perature was the fir&s;t cau&s;e, and the intemperate Brain did breed matter for de&s;tillation, of its proper aliment, which it badly a&s;&s;imilated, Hellebore did no good, but ab&s;tinence from meat, and to grow lean again with fa&s;ting: for &s;o Aliment was &s;ubtracted from the Brain, and in penury of it there was le&s;s &s;uperfluity to de&s;till, and the Brain was dried with fa&s;ting, and &s;o the moi&s;t intemperature of the Brain came to be amended. Moreover he was hurt by hot, &s;harp, &s;alt and fat things, becau&s;e &s;uch things, be&s;ide their heat, have qualities that exa&s;perate the Lungs, and provoke coughing: for &s;harp things prick, &s;alt ex|terge and corrode, fat cau&s;e &s;ome tickling: He was hurt by <HI>&s;uccus Silphii,</HI> which is &s;harp, hot and win|dy, becau&s;e thereby his head was filled and made hot, and for that rea&s;on his de&s;tillation ran the more: Raw herbs hurt him, becau&s;e a gro&s;s vapour, that fills the head, was rai&s;ed from them: Drinking of milk was not proper, becau&s;e it is bad for the head-ach, and upon the &s;ame &s;core likewi&s;e for them that are apt to have their heads filled, though with|out aking, wherefore it mu&s;t be avoided by People &s;ubject to Catarrhs: Much walking did good, for it is a dry cau&s;e: But under&s;tand withall, &s;ea&s;ona|bly, for otherwi&s;e he had better not have walkt at all: Friction al&s;o had been good, and watching, &s;o it had not been too much: His meat was bread, a food truly every way moderate, and without all fault, unle&s;s too much be eaten: He was relieved by drinking &s;oft wine and pure, crude <HI>Se&s;amum:</HI> Soft &s;weet wine is good for a cough, and for them that cannot rai&s;e by &s;pitting, as al&s;o is <HI>Se&s;amum,</HI> becau&s;e of that &s;mooth Mucilage it hath. Which Potion is
<PB N="91" REF="51"> more accommodate to di&s;ea&s;es of the brea&s;t than to a Catarrh from intemperature of the Brain:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> com. in loc. cit.</NOTE> Cer|tainly it could do the Brain little good; yet it did good, becau&s;e it would &s;uffer nothing of the de|fluxion to &s;tay below.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. <HI>N.</HI> Fifty five years old, of a hot and moi&s;t complexion, after many errours in living, e&s;|pecially cares of the mind, &s;tudies and drinking &s;trong wine, born of Parents who were &s;ubject to Catarrhs, was taken with a de&s;tillation from his head upon all the right &s;ide of his body, with a lit|tle immobility of the tongue, and of the arm and leg on the &s;ame &s;ide; all which di&s;ea&s;es neverthele&s;s gave way to convenient remedies, onely &s;ome dul|ne&s;s, and a &s;en&s;e of weight remaining in his right arm and leg, which hindered him from going a|bout his bu&s;ine&s;s: He complained al&s;o of &s;ome weak|ne&s;s in his head, &s;o that when he looked upwards or downwards, on one &s;ide or the other, and brought his head again into its natural po&s;ture, he remained dull as it were &s;tonied; yea, &s;ometimes he &s;tagge|red: And although he had an I&s;&s;ue made for it in his neck, and right arm, yet he found no good by them: He tried the Leaden waters to no purpo&s;e. <HI>Praevotius</HI> advi&s;ed him with good &s;ucce&s;s to medicinal wines, Turpentine with <HI>Ca&s;tor;</HI> a decoction of box, <HI>China</HI> root, Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, Ma&s;tick Tree, Sage and Groundpine:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 14.</NOTE> Be&s;ides, Treacle with Sugar of Ro&s;es: And among external things, Goo&s;e grea&s;e with Spi|rit of Ro&s;emary applied with Scarlet to the nape of his neck after embrocation.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Accorom|bonus</HI> de Ca|tarrho.</NOTE>1. I affirm I have &s;een &s;everal cured by the conti|nual u&s;e of <HI>Diacodium,</HI> who have been in manife&s;t dan|ger of a Con&s;umption from a thin and &s;alt Catarrh. &para; Take of Cloves, Cinnamon, Ma&s;tick, Mace, Ben|zoin, each 1 drachm, Cipre&s;nut, red Coral, Pome|granate flowers, each 2 &s;cruples, mix them, make a powder, and apply it to the Coronal &s;uture; both I and others have often tried the virtue of this pow|der, and we have found it &s;top de&s;tillations in &s;o &s;hort a time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that it has appeared wonderfull both to our Patients and us.</P>
<P N="2">2. The tincture of <HI>Luna</HI> is very good for de&s;tilla|tions;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola.</NOTE> Take of Spirit of Vitriol 4 drops, Tincture of <HI>Luna</HI> 8 drops, Water of Mother of Time half an ounce, Oil of Amber 5 drops. Mix them, give it every day. &para; This is a &s;ecret for Catarrhs never e|nough to be commended. Take of white Sugar 3 pounds, Root of Liquori&s;h, Elecampane, Flower de Luce, each 2 ounces, Spring-water 24 pounds. Boil them, filtre them well. To 8 pounds of the Colature add of the herb Speedwell, Maiden-hair, Lung-wort, Scabious, Horehound, the cordial flowers, Colts-foot, red Poppy, each 5 Pugils, Ro|man Nettle &s;eeds, and of &s;eeds of <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> Ani&s;e, Fennel, each half an ounce, infu&s;e them 2 days, and boil them again to a third; add of Gum <HI>Guaiacum, China</HI> root, each 2 ounces, Cinnamon, le&s;&s;er Cardamome, Cloves, each 3 drachms: boil them over a gentle fire for an hour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> filtre them, and &s;train them. Drink of it four or five times a day.</P>
<P N="3">3. In a &s;uffocative Catarrh I u&s;e with great &s;ucce&s;s water of Violets or Colts-foot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartolettus.</NOTE> with white Spirit of Sulphur, dropt in drop by drop in danger of &s;uf|focation; and I have delivered &s;everal from immi|nent danger.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take of Aloes, Penniroyal, Calamint, Mint, Citron rind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Bay|rus.</NOTE> each a like quantity, make a powder; incorporate it with <HI>Ladanum</HI> and a little <HI>Acacia;</HI> and apply it to the Coronal &s;uture, having fir&s;t &s;haved off the hair.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Terra Lemnia,</HI> or Bole Armenick, with wine is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy in a cold Catarrh;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> for they effectually hinder &s;uffocations.</P>
<P N="6">6. A decoction of Turnips with butter and Sugar is very good, or if there be any wind in the Turnips,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> it may be corrected with a drop of Oil of Ani&s;eeds. &para; In a &s;alt Catarrh I have found this a mo&s;t whole|&s;ome remedy. A Decoction of Honey with Ro&s;es, which is made thus: Take of pure water 6 mea|&s;ures, Honey half the quantity; boil it, and &s;cum it, put a bag full of dry Ro&s;es in it, and boil them for a convenient time. Drink of it every morning. Al&s;o red Bole Armenick laid upon the Tongue and Palate at night e&s;pecially, &s;tops and dries a Catarrh, and wonderfully &s;trengthens the head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;o as it &s;eems an Inchantment, it is as good as any Treacle.</P>
<P N="7">7. A Lohoch of Oak of <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI> in di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t is excellent for the De&s;tillation falling on the Brea&s;t; it is made thus: Take of the juice of Oak of <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> Scabious, Speedwell, Colts foot, each half a pound, Barley Cream 3 ounces, Sugar half a pound.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gul. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> Boil them to the con&s;i&s;tency of a Sy|rup; add of <HI>Species Dia&iuml;rews &s;imp.</HI> half an ounce, pow|der of Anni&s;eeds 2 drachms, Flower of Brim&s;tone 1 drachm. Mix them.</P>
<P N="8">8. This is very good; Take of Ro&s;emary, Mar|joram, <HI>Nigella,</HI> red Ro&s;es, Cloves, Nutmeg,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Goclenius.</NOTE> In|dian Spike, each half a drachm. Make a Powder, take it in a Pipe fa&s;ting like Tobacco.</P>
<P N="9">9. In a thin &s;uffocative Catarrh de&s;tilling violent|ly upon the <HI>A&s;peria Arteria,</HI> and rai&s;ing a continual cough,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Graba</HI> in Elap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ogra|plica.</NOTE> a little burnt Hart&s;horn held onely in the Mouth, or put upon the Tongue, is accounted an excellent Remedy: for the Catarrh is pre&s;ently thickned, and the cough comes but &s;eldom. &para; Oil of Amber hath an admirable efficacy to &s;top a Ca|tarrh, if &s;ome powdered Amber be put in a bag, and heat in Spirit of Wine, and &s;prinkled with &s;ome drops of Oil of Amber, and applied to the Crown of the head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the no&s;trils and Temples being both a|nointed with it at the &s;ame time.</P>
<P N="10">10. This is an exceeding good &s;ternutatory to dry and &s;top the Catarrh, and &s;trengthen the Brain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Micha|el de Here|dia.</NOTE> Take of Darnel, Seed of <HI>Nigella, Ca&s;tor,</HI> each 1 &s;cru|ple, Marjoram, Ro&s;emary, Sage, each half a &s;cru|ple, Musk 4 grains. Mix them, make a powder, and &s;nuff it up. Lin&s;eed infu&s;ed in &s;trong white Wine Vinegar, then dried, and &s;trowed upon &s;ome coals, its fume received by the no&s;trils doth wonderfully &s;top a defluxion. &para; The de&s;tillated water of flowers of white Dittany is al&s;o a celebrated Remedy, &s;nuf|fed up into the No&s;trells. &para; This promotes expec|toration of the thick matter: Take of the powder of Elecamparte &s;eed half an ounce, Savine &s;eed 2 &s;cruples, Honey 2 ounces, fre&s;h Butter 3 ounces. Mix them.</P>
<P N="11">11.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> Sa&s;&s;afras wood is of excellent u&s;e in this di&s;|ea&s;e, &s;o that it is reckoned the true and proper Alexi|pharmack of Catarrhs, e&s;pecially if it be infu&s;ed with Spirit of wild Time, which is done thus; Take of field Mother of Time, de&s;till it from &s;trong wine, let it &s;tand a few days, and de&s;till it from fre&s;h Mo|ther of Time, and then infu&s;e Sa&s;&s;afras wood in it. &para; Nothing &s;tops immoderate Catarrhs better than the following Catapla&s;m: Take of &s;owre leaven 2 ounces, Amber powdered 2 drachms; make a Ca|tapla&s;m, and apply it to the Crown when it is &s;ha|ven. &para; Al&s;o in a &s;uffocative Catarrh, Tacamahaca di&s;&s;olved with &s;ome Oil of Ma&s;tick, &s;pread upon lether, and applied to the Crown of the head, when it is &s;haven, is very good.</P>
<P N="12">12. For a Catarrh with hoar&s;ene&s;s I have had good &s;ucce&s;s in this Medicine of <HI>Fore&s;tus:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gt. Hor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> Take of Liquo|ri&s;h juice, white Sugar, each 2 drachms, &s;eeds of Pur&s;lain, Cucumber, Melon, Citrul, each half a drachm, Ani&s;eed, Gum Tragacanth, each 1 drachm, Penidy of Sugar 2 drachms and an half. Make them into &s;ublingual Pills. &para; I have had experience to my honour of this Electuary in &s;everal, in difficult expectoration, which threatned a Con&s;umption. Take of Elecampane Root, Quinces, boil them with Ho|ney, and add &s;ome flower of Brim&s;tone. &para; In thin de&s;tillations I &s;ucce&s;&s;ively u&s;e <HI>Pilulae de Styrace Cratonis.</HI></P>
<P N="13"><PB N="92" REF="52">13. Pope <HI>Adrian</HI>'s Wine is highly commended for a Catarrh: It is made of the Shells of all the Myrabalans, with their Kernels, fir&s;t dried, each 2 ounces and a half, Cinnamon 1 drachm, Cloves, Galangal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">John&s;tonus.</NOTE> Cubebs, Cardamome, Grains of Paradi&s;e, Nutmeg, each half a &s;cruple, dried red Ro&s;es a drachm and a half, Flowers of Ro&s;emary, Lavender, each one drachm; brui&s;e them, and put them in as much Wine as is convenient.</P>
<P N="14">14. This is an experienced Medicine in &s;topping all De&s;tillations,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. Leo.</NOTE> and very good for tho&s;e that in|cline to the Phthi&s;ick and Con&s;umption, and that are troubled with a Cough. Take of Cinnamon, <HI>Galbanum, Storax, Calamus,</HI> Pepper black, long and white, each half an ounce, <HI>Opium</HI> 3 drachms, Honey what is &s;ufficient. The do&s;e is the quantity of a Bean, taken morning and evening in Honey-water.</P>
<P N="15"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lotichius.</NOTE>15. Nothing better can be devi&s;ed to dige&s;t, at|tenuate and evacuate &s;ucce&s;&s;ively by &s;weat matter &s;ettled in the Lungs, than a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI>-wood; which others as well as I have u&s;ed with &s;in|gular &s;ucce&s;s, as the Bezoardick of this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="16">16. An ea&s;ie Medicine is made of water in which unripe Quinces are boiled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> again&s;t &s;harp Catarrhs, that are mo&s;t trouble&s;ome at night: It mu&s;t be well &s;weetned with Sugar, a &s;poonfull or two of which mu&s;t be given to the Patient when he goes to bed.</P>
<P N="17">17. This is a very good con&s;erve to &s;top a cold Catarrh:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Take of red Ro&s;es 2 ounces, <HI>Species Aro|matici Ro&s;ati</HI> 2 &s;cruples, Nutmeg 1 &s;cruple, white Frankincen&s;e 2 &s;cruples, with Syrup of dried Ro&s;es or of Betony, make an Electuary. Take the quan|tity of a Wallnut when you go to bed.</P>
<P N="18"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Villa nova|nus.</NOTE>18. Very good Pills to &s;top any Rheum flowing from the Brain, and to comfort the Brain. Take of Amber, <HI>Lignum Aloes, Ladanum,</HI> Frankincen&s;e, <HI>Storax Calamita,</HI> Myrrh, each 1 drachm, Wax, <HI>Opium,</HI> each 1 &s;cruple, Musk 4 Grains; with very good wine make &s;mall Pills; give 7 of them late at night. This wonderfully &s;tops a Rheum from a cold cau&s;e.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Chloro&s;is,</HI> or, the Green-&s;ickne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud may be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be opened? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diaphoreticks mu&s;t be &s;lowly u&s;ed. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Steel mu&s;t be differently prepared according to the diver&s;ity of the parts affected. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Preparation of it mo&s;t proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum</HI> be proper? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Openers not to be u&s;ed before evacuation of the whole. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweet things hurtfull. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Exerci&s;e be convenient? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the ab&s;urd Appetite may be gratified? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Marriage be proper? <HI>XI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BLoud mu&s;t be let, when the di&s;ea&s;e is new, and when it takes its ri&s;e from &s;toppage of it, before it acquire a malignant quality, &s;ufficient &s;trength and plenty of bloud being &s;uppo&s;ed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Author En|chir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> Other|wi&s;e the di&s;ea&s;e would grow wor&s;e, if it be through|ly radicated, if the Body be cool, and if phlegma|tick, crude humours do rather abound than bloud. &para; Though it is clear that <HI>Hippocrates Of Maids Di&s;|ea&s;es,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>con&s;.</HI> 52. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> propo&s;eth bloud letting; yet it mu&s;t be omit|ted, if the bloud be turned into Cacochymy, and crude humours predominate, if the Stomach be af|fected, and the native heat be not very &s;trong.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE>II. A vein in the arm mu&s;t be opened in the be|ginning, although the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> be &s;uppre&s;t; for if bloud &s;hould be then taken from the foot, the ob&s;tructions of the veins in the Womb would be greater, when their fulne&s;s were encrea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="3">III. In reference to the Cachexy, Medicines &s;hould be admini&s;tred, which depurate the fle&s;hy part, and clear it of bad humours, <HI>i. e.</HI> Diaphore|ticks, in&s;en&s;ible evacuaters, and in&s;en&s;ible dige&s;ters: To which intention &s;weat would an&s;wer, &s;ome con|venient Decoction premi&s;ed, or the u&s;e of Viperine Powder. But becau&s;e our main &s;cope &s;hould be to open the veins of the Womb, provoke the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> and purge the whole body by ways proper and cu&s;|tomary to nature; therefore le&s;t the humours &s;hould be diverted from the centre to the Circumference, laying a&s;ide this intention,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 52. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> we mu&s;t fir&s;t make u&s;e of aperient Hy&s;tericks, and promoters of the <HI>Men|&s;trua.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Becau&s;e in this Di&s;ea&s;e Steel is very u&s;efull and nece&s;&s;ary, we mu&s;t in this ca&s;e take notice, whe|ther the Veins about the Stomach and Me&s;entery, or the Liver and Spleen be more ob&s;tructed: for if the proper ve&s;&s;els of the Stomach be mo&s;t ob&s;truc|ted, Steel mu&s;t be given prepared in a more gro&s;s manner, and vomiting Medicines may be mixt with it, or a vomit may be given before the u&s;e of Steel, or on the intermediate days: for &s;o, when the bad humours are ca&s;t up by vomit, the Bowels do ea&s;ily recover: But if the humours hanging in the places near the Stomach, be carried to the more inward parts labouring of ob&s;tructions, the di&s;ea&s;e will be made wor&s;e. But if the Liver be e&s;pecially ob&s;truc|ted, Steel mu&s;t be given prepared very fine, and Epatick Medicines, and &s;uch as purge downwards, but by no means &s;uch as purge upwards mu&s;t be mixt with it: And if the Spleen be affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &s;plenetick Medicines mu&s;t be added.</P>
<P N="5">V. The Phy&s;icians School doth profe&s;s that Steel obtains the chief place in &s;tubborn ob&s;tructions, which yet mu&s;t neither be powdered too fine, nor burnt too much: For the former degenerates into Quick&s;ilver, and then it provokes vomit and purging. The latter is deprived of its Sulphur and <HI>Mercury,</HI> by which means it becomes rather an a&s;tringent <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> than opening:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> Wherefore in this ca&s;e a <HI>Cro|cus Martis</HI> prepared with Spirit of Sulphur will be mo&s;t convenient.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Whether is <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> good in this di&s;ea&s;e? I hold the affirmative, becau&s;e &s;uch Me|dicines are convenient, as incide the cold and vi&s;cous humours, and attenuate them, concoct crudities, open ob&s;tructions, and ab&s;terge the &s;ticking matter, all which virtues are mo&s;t efficaciou&s;ly in <HI>Tartarum vi|triolatum:</HI> for if Tartar con&s;idered by it &s;elf have no &s;mall aperient and ab&s;terging virtue, much more mu&s;t be allowed to it Vitriolate. Yet we mu&s;t have a care we proceed not incon&s;iderately to the u&s;e of this Medicine, nor pre&s;ently; but the fir&s;t ways mu&s;t be prepared before by lenitives: which done, when we have purged twice or thrice gently, we may come to the u&s;e of it, yet according to the dif|ference of its nature, a whole &s;cruple, or an half, may be given twice a day in &s;ome proper de&s;tilled waters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius <HI>cent. prob.</HI> 9. <HI>Qu.</HI> 5.</NOTE> or decoctions in which &s;ome convenient herbs and roots have been boiled: then the prepared matter may be purged and carried off by an infu&s;ion of Rheubarb.</P>
<P N="7">VII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 31.</NOTE> Before the u&s;e of attenuating and opening Syrups, the common ways mu&s;t be purged, namely, the Stomach and Guts, from excrements and crude humours; left the &s;ame things befall us which befell a certain Phy&s;ician, who when by aperient and at|tenuating Syrups he would have brought her <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> he threw her into a Pal&s;ey. &para; The Stomach mu&s;t fir&s;t be emptied by a clarified potion of Manna, or lenitive Electuary with Tartar, then we mu&s;t come to the preparation of the fir&s;t ways by repetition of the afore&s;aid things: Then the ob&s;tructions of the Me&s;entery and Lacteal Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be cured with attenuating, opening and evacuating Medicines. But to complete the deter&s;ion of the Stomach and Bowels,
<PB N="93" REF="52"> &s;ome proper Spaw-waters may be given three days. The Cacochymie mu&s;t by degrees be taken from the bloud by preparation and frequent purging. Nor mu&s;t we fear Feveri&s;hne&s;s; for in this ca&s;e we mu&s;t have an eye onely to the Cau&s;e, and not look much upon the Fever. The&s;e three &s;ort of purgers being taken, we mu&s;t not believe that the whole Venous kind is cleared of its impurity,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> l. de Feb. p. <HI>43.</HI></NOTE> wherefore purging mu&s;t be repeated, which may al&s;o have an opening virtue.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In uterine and hypochondriack di&s;tempers, &s;eeing Sugared or Honeyed things doe not much good;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Con&s;ult.</HI> 62. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> therefore in the preparation of the Hu|mours, clarified juices of herbs mu&s;t be put in the Decoctions. <HI>Fortis</HI> tran&s;colates the juices through Sand, to purifie them.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Whether &s;hould motion and exerci&s;e be pre&s;crib|ed to tho&s;e that are &s;ick of the Green-&s;ickne&s;s? Idle|ne&s;s and Motion are equally hurtfull. Idlene&s;s, be|cau&s;e it gives opportunity for heaping up of Crudi|ties, whereby the di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;es: Motion, e&s;pe|cially violent, becau&s;e it rai&s;es the palpitation of the heart, which often endangers Suffocation: for the crude humours are put in motion, whence Va|pours are elevated to the heart: Be&s;ides, green-&s;ick per&s;ons are unfit for exerci&s;e, becau&s;e their body is dull, their &s;trength languid, and they are trou|bled with &s;hortne&s;s of breath. But as exerci&s;e in this di&s;ea&s;e, towards the height, is un&s;ea&s;onable, &s;o before it get any head, and when it is declining, it is very profitable; for the languid heat is excited in the bowels, concoction is better performed, di|&s;tribution of the Aliment is helped, ob&s;tructions of the bowels are opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>cent. prob.</HI> 9. <HI>qu.</HI> 5.</NOTE> motion is given to the hu|mours, and way is made for Medicines: Yet a mean mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, and general evacuations mu&s;t be premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="10">X. Whether may the ab&s;urd things, which the Appetite craves, be allowed? We may &s;ometimes indulge Women with Child; becau&s;e the bad meats, which they long for, may &s;erve for Medi|cines; or becau&s;e if they &s;hould be denied, the Child might be marked, which would be wor&s;e. But the&s;e bad and ab&s;urd things doe Virgins harm, becau&s;e the di&s;ea&s;e is thereby fomented and increa&s;|ed; nor can any emolument accrue to the body, or ought of the morbifick cau&s;e be abated by &s;uch things as Lime, Chalk, A&s;hes, Oatmeal, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The grief ari&s;ing from the denial of their de&s;ire is mo|mentany,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> but the damage from &s;uch things is la&s;ting.</P>
<P N="11">XI. It is a common opinion that Green-&s;ick Virgins, when they are Married, recover their health, and truly &s;ometimes it happens, that pale and di&s;coloured Maids, if they Marry, become lively, and acquire a ro&s;ie colour in their face and body: On the con|trary it is found, that others have not onely after Marriage not recovered, but grown wor&s;e. There is need therefore of di&s;tinction: for if the Illne&s;s have its ri&s;e from the retained <HI>Men&s;es</HI> or Seed, it is the &s;afe&s;t way to Marry, for &s;o the reteined Seed is evacuated, and the Womb is purged: But if there be any evil di&s;po&s;ition in any <HI>Vi&s;cus,</HI> e&s;pecially the Li|ver or the Spleen, or in the whole body, this is not removed by the u&s;e of <HI>Venus,</HI> but rather increa&s;ed, and the bad humours that abound in the whole bo|dy, are drawn to the Womb, and rai&s;e ob&s;tructi|ons in it, whereupon long Fevers, and other evils ari&s;e: Such mu&s;t be cured before Marriage, or if they be incurable,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> it is better to remain unmar|ried</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The following Electuary of Steel is very good in ob&s;tructions of the inwards, e&s;pecially in the Green-&s;ickne&s;s. Take of Filings of Steel very fine, grind them with Vinegar, and dry them, this &s;hould be done &s;even times. Take of this 6 ounces, Cinnamon, Candied Nutmeg, each 3 drachms, Rheubarb 2 drachms, <HI>Spec. Aromat. Ro&s;at.</HI> 6 drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crato,</HI> ob&s;. l. &s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g. Ep. <HI>244.</HI></NOTE> Honey and Sugar each 1 pound. Mix them, make an Electuary; but uni|ver&s;al Purgation mu&s;t precede.</P>
<P N="2">2. There is nothing better than Quinte&s;&s;ence of Catmint to cure the Pale, Wan-colour in Maids, for it mo&s;t certainly and &s;ucce&s;sfully promotes the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. They &s;ay,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> that in the Green-&s;ickne&s;s from ob|&s;tructions in tne Spleen, an ointment of O&s;tridges grea&s;e is very good: Some &s;ay nothing is more ef|fectual. &para; It is evident from ob&s;ervation that Be|zoar-&s;tone is very good, e&s;pecially for Melancho|lick Women, taken in &s;ome appropriate water. &para; I have experienced that <HI>Scorzonera</HI> Root &s;teeped in &s;ome proper liquour and drunk in a morning, hath cured &s;everal. &para; The be&s;t thing in the world for this Di&s;ea&s;e, is the water that runs from a Grind-&s;tone whereon Swords are ground, if you quench red-hot filings of Steel an hundred times in it: for &s;o I have &s;een large Spleens wa&s;ted.</P>
<P N="4">4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> In this Di&s;ea&s;e I have experienced the won|derfull effects of <HI>Quercetan</HI>'s Cachectick Powder, by means whereof I have cured innumerable Maids and Women of the Green-&s;ickne&s;s.</P>
<P N="5">5. The following Pills are kept as a Secret by many; Take of Juice of Mercury,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varandaeus.</NOTE> clarified Honey each 1 ounce. Boil them to a &s;ufficient con&s;i&s;tency. Add of the Seed of Roman <HI>Nigella</HI> powdered 3 drachms. Make a Ma&s;s, of a drachm whereof make 6 Pills. Take two when &s;he goes to bed for three nights one after another.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cholera,</HI> or a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes bloud mu&s;t be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether if it happen in a woman with child, &s;he may be let bloud? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit may be given? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How things that re&s;train the violence of the humour, mu&s;t be given? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t a&s;tringe with caution. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A moi&s;t <HI>Cholera</HI> proceeds from heat of the Stomach. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Sweat is proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Laudanum</HI> may be u&s;ed. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure by Epicera&s;ticks taken and injected. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A mo&s;t cruel one cured. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Man Seventy years old. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cau&s;ed by drinking ungratefull Wine. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured with Vinegar and Water. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A bloudy one cured. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Narcoticks mixt with Purgatives. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Manna,</HI> and all things made of Sugar, &s;u&s;pected in a Vomi|ting and Loo&s;ne&s;s. <HI>XVI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHen the Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s is &s;topt by the u&s;e of Medicines, and the &s;trength &s;omething re&s;tored, the Patients &s;eem out of all dan|ger, which does not onely deceive the by-&s;tanders, but even the Phy&s;icians &s;ometimes: for after one or two days quiet and intermi&s;&s;ion, the Symptoms return &s;tronger and more violent, and carry off the Patient, who was weakned with the fir&s;t fit of his di&s;ea&s;e. Which great danger mu&s;t be obviated, not onely by Re&s;toratives, and things that a&s;&s;wage the heat of the humours, which mu&s;t be continued when the fit is over; but by letting bloud, which draws back, and very much qualifies the torrid and boil|ing bloud, and it mu&s;t be repeated twice or thrice, if it appear after the fir&s;t bloud-letting that the &s;trength is nothing abated, but rather augmented. Some in the very fit, and when the &s;trength is ex|ceeding
<PB N="94" REF="53"> low, which they &s;ay is not wa&s;ted, but op|pre&s;&s;ed, do open a vein: But with great hazard; for &s;ome have died in very bleeding, to the great reproach of the Remedy. It is true, there is &s;ome oppre&s;&s;ion, but then there is wa&s;ting of the &s;trength likewi&s;e. Therefore it is better fir&s;t to &s;top its vio|lence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and when the Symptomes are laid, to have recour&s;e to bloud-letting.</P>
<P N="2">II. If a Woman with child be taken with a Vo|miting and Loo&s;ne&s;s in her &s;eventh or eighth month, whether may &s;he &s;afely be let bloud? If it be &s;u&s;|pected in tho&s;e that are not with child, le&s;t the &s;trength tired and wa&s;ted by great inanition, be wa&s;t|ed and &s;ink more; much le&s;s may it be done in a Woman with child, who hath &s;uffered already a plentifull and immoderate evacuation from her veins: Be&s;ides, it proves abortive, while it deprives the Child of its nouri&s;hment, and the Mother of her Trea&s;ure, <HI>It is dangerous and hazardous thus to cure a Wo|man with Child:</HI> For if it be di&s;approved of by all Practitioners in a Man, and in Women that are not with child, it mu&s;t much more be avoided in a Wo|man gone &s;even or eight months with child: Be|cau&s;e to doe it &s;paringly, is u&s;ele&s;s; for what is the emptying one &s;mall Bloud-ve&s;&s;el like to doe to|wards bridling the fury of the humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riolanus.</HI> En. hir. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>36.</HI></NOTE> or extin|gui&s;hing the Fever, when the bloud comes out but &s;lowly, and the pure&s;t too, drop by drop.</P>
<P N="3">III. Whether is there any u&s;e of Vomits? <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> cured an <HI>Athenian</HI> of a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s, by giving him Hellebore: but <HI>in lib. de affect.</HI> he would have the cure managed with moi&s;tning potions, and hot bathes, that if there be any thing hurtfull in the Stomach, it may more ea&s;ily be vomited up, and more readily be carried downwards, becau&s;e if you evacuate violently, <HI>i. e.</HI> if you will carry off the relicks of the humours by Purging Medicines, a vio|lent evacuation both upwards and downwards will follow, whereby the weakened Patient will be in danger. The contradiction is &s;olved by this di&s;tin|ction, When it ari&s;es from Surfeiting and Drun|kenne&s;s, as is &s;uppo&s;ed in the pre&s;ent ca&s;e, becau&s;e the corrupt food, that is the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e re|&s;ides in the Stomach, and no fault of the whole con|curs, we mu&s;t not fly to Purging Medicines, which draw the Humours from the whole, where there is no fault, for &s;o that would be Purged which ought not, and a di&s;turbance being made in the hu|mours, the conflux of them to the Stomach would be increa&s;ed, weakned by the di&s;ea&s;e, and not a lit|tle hurt by taking of Phy&s;ick. But when the di|&s;ea&s;e depends on plenty of bile and other hu|mours, which flowing to the belly, bur&s;t out Sym|ptomatically upwards and downwards, then the total purgation of them mu&s;t quickly be procured; and they mu&s;t be carried off the le&s;s dangerous way, which is contrary to that way whereout they break naturally with greater violence.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>P. Martianus</HI> in v. <HI>12.</HI> Sect. <HI>2.</HI> lib. de effect.</NOTE> In the <HI>Athenian</HI> he gave a &s;trong Vomit, becau&s;e the humours that fo|mented the di&s;ea&s;e were peccant in the whole, and were carried more violently downward than up|ward. &para; When the Inte&s;tines are more affected than the Stomach, Vomits were better than Pur|ges, that both evacuation of the whole body, and revul&s;ion from the part principally affected might be made: for the thing we mo&s;t fear in affections of the belly, is, that the body cannot be purged but by the part affected:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI></NOTE> therefore we mu&s;t avoid it as much as we can, and if all parts of the belly be not &s;ick alike, we mu&s;t move by that part which is le&s;s &s;ick; much more therefore in dy&s;enteries, mu&s;t we u&s;e Vomits. &para; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> gave Hellebore to an <HI>Athenian;</HI> but though I like his method well; yet I approve not of his Medicine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 8.</NOTE> there are much &s;afer and more u&s;efull Medicines, that Vomit far more mildly. &para; They offend grievou&s;ly that give Scammony, Hellebore, and <HI>Coloquintida</HI> in this di&s;ea&s;e; for a <HI>hypercathar&s;is</HI> (or <HI>over-purging</HI>) is rai&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> which a Convul&s;ion (very familiar to this di&s;ea&s;e) &s;woon|ing and death doe follow. &para; Add hereto <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> his rule, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>If corruption of the food appear to you at the fir&s;t, and the Patient void nothing in a manner either by Vomit or &s;tool; but if he be &s;queami&s;h and reach to Vomit, then we mu&s;t give tho&s;e things that promote Vomit freely, &s;uch as is Honey with Water, which makes a Man both Vomit and Purge.</HI> &para; If Vomiting cannot be &s;topt (&s;aith <HI>Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 15.) by rea&s;on of the plenty of humours that are in the body, and affect a pa&s;&s;age upwards, nothing hinders us to give a gentle Vomit, tho&s;e things be|ing al&s;o added which may temper the humours, and in &s;ome mea&s;ure appea&s;e and re&s;train their too much efferve&s;cency, as al&s;o upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity Opiates in a &s;mall quantity. <HI>e.g. Take of</HI> Oxy&s;accha|rum vomitivum 2 <HI>drachms,</HI> Laudanum opiatum <HI>half a grain, or a whole one, Mint Water what is &s;ufficient. Mix them, make a draught.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Things that re&s;train the violent motion of the Choler, <HI>Julapium Ro&s;atum</HI> mixt with juice of &s;owre Pomegranates, Syrup of Quinces, Myrtle-berries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. med. pract.</NOTE> Ro&s;es and the like, mu&s;t not be di&s;&s;olved in water, le&s;t the Coats of the Stomach be made more lax, which &s;hould after be &s;trengthned and a&s;tringed, but they mu&s;t be taken alone in a Spoon.</P>
<P N="5">V. In di&s;ea&s;es of this nature, wherewith preter|natural evacuations are joined, A&s;triction is often at|tempted in vain, and not without great danger, be|fore the abundance of excrement be voided; When therefore evacuation &s;eems to have gone far enough, and &s;trength is not much wa&s;ted (for &s;ome &s;igns of debility may be born by rea&s;on of the Symptoms) we mu&s;t neither &s;top nor provoke it, we may onely obviate other Symptoms: But if evacuation &s;eem to have gone beyond the abundance of Excrement in the body, or beyond the &s;trength of the faculty, we mu&s;t &s;top it pre&s;ently. But if the irritation, pain and anxiety be greater than the quantity of evacuation, and the evacuation le&s;s than the quanti|ty of excrements, you mu&s;t Purge, that when the abundance is plentifully evacuated, you may obvi|ate the Symptome that con&s;i&s;ts in too much expul&s;i|&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> comm. in l. <HI>5.</HI> Epid. p. <HI>467.</HI></NOTE> And becau&s;e the Symptome is urgent from the beginning, and becau&s;e the irritation is never quite taken away in this di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t neither when we purge neglect the Symptome, nor when we &s;top, mu&s;t we be forgetfull of the irritating juice: but we mu&s;t mix &s;omething a&s;tringent with Purgatives, and &s;omething Ab&s;terging, or to take off the &s;harpne&s;s of the humours, with A&s;tringents, or u&s;e them by turns.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A moi&s;t Choler is a fierce and plenteous eva|cuation of bile upward and downward, proceeding from heat of the Stomach, which is &s;topt by cool|ing and a&s;tringent things, both taken inwardly, and applied e&s;pecially by the u&s;e of Spaw-waters and <HI>Laudanum</HI> prudently given: We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from hot Cordial and Stomach Powders, becau&s;e they provoke and vellicate the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. <HI>En|chir. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 23.</NOTE> The Phy&s;ici|ans of <HI>Paris</HI> bleed extremely, even when the Pul&s;e fails, to avert the danger of a Gangrene from &s;uf|focation of heat in the Stomach.</P>
<P N="7">VII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>pract. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> If there be fear that the Malignity hath di&s;|per&s;ed it &s;elf beyond the fir&s;t region of the body, for the better di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of the impre&s;&s;ed malignity, it is convenient to take inwardly Sweats with Alexi|tericks. But they mu&s;t al&s;o have an a&s;tringent faculty, &s;uch as <HI>terra &s;igillata,</HI> burnt Hart&s;horn and prepared.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve carefully, that if the Phy|&s;ician be not called till after the Patient be &s;pent with Vomiting and going to Stool for &s;ome hours, may be ten or twelve together, and when his ex|treme parts begin already to be cold; I &s;ay, in this ca&s;e, omitting all other remedies whatever, we ought to rights to have recour&s;e to the &s;acred an|chor of this di&s;ea&s;e, I mean <HI>Laudanum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> de morb. acut. p. <HI>241.</HI></NOTE> which mu&s;t not onely be given while the Symptoms are urgent, but al&s;o when the Vomiting and <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> are cea&s;|ed, it mu&s;t be repeated morning and even|ing
<PB N="95" REF="53"> every day, till the Patient have recovered his &s;trength, and at length his health.</P>
<P N="9">IX. I am taught, by &s;edulous application of my mind, and by manifold experience, that if on the one hand I &s;hould endeavour to expell the&s;e &s;harp humours, that are the fewel of the di&s;ea&s;e, by Ca|tharticks, I &s;hould ju&s;t doe as he that endeavours to quench fire with oil, &s;eeing the operation of the mo&s;t gentle Cathartick, would but give farther di|&s;turbance, and rai&s;e new tumults: And on the other hand, &s;hould I at the very fir&s;t re&s;train the primary effort with Narcotick Medicines and other A&s;trin|gents, whil&s;t I hindred natural evacuation, and de|tained the humour again&s;t Nature; the Patient, his enemy being inclo&s;ed in his bowels, would un|doubtedly be de&s;troyed by an inte&s;tine War. For the&s;e rea&s;ons therefore I thought I mu&s;t go the middle way, that I might partly evacuate, and part|ly dilute the humour. And by this method, found out and approved by me for &s;everal years la&s;t pa&s;t, I have reduced this di&s;ea&s;e &s;everal times to good or|der. A young Chicken is boiled in about three Gallons of &s;pring-water, &s;o that the liquour hath &s;carce any reli&s;h of the Chick; The Patient is or|dered to drink &s;everal large draughts of this a little warm, and at the &s;ame time a good quantity will &s;erve for &s;everal Cly&s;ters to be given &s;ucce&s;&s;ively, untill, what upwards, and what downwards, all the broth be con&s;umed, and given back again. So the Stomach being often loaded with a con&s;iderable quantity, and, as I may &s;o &s;ay, turned, and the in|jection of Cly&s;ters being reiterated, the &s;harp hu|mours are either turned out, or their acrimony be|ing taken off, they are recalled to due temper. This wa&s;hing-task being over, which takes up two or three hours time, &s;ome Paregorick Medicine puts a conclu&s;ion to the cure. I u&s;e this much; Take of <HI>Cow&s;lip water</HI> 1 <HI>ounce,</HI> Aqua mirabilis 1 <HI>drachm,</HI> Lauda|num liquidum 14 <HI>drops.</HI> In&s;tead whereof any Shop Narcotick may be made u&s;e of. And this way that I have propo&s;ed, of diluting the humours, is much &s;afer and more expedite than that is commonly ta|ken to &s;top this mo&s;t dangerous di&s;ea&s;e, either by evacuaters or a&s;tringents, becau&s;e by them the tu|mult is higher and fiercer, and all things are put in a hurly burly: The&s;e on the contrary detain an enemy in the bowels, and, of a &s;tranger, do plainly make him an inhabitant: To &s;ay nothing, how when the di&s;ea&s;e is protracted in length, be&s;ides the dan|ger of its tarrying, whereby at length the bad hu|mours creep into the ma&s;s of bloud, and ea&s;ily kin|dle a malignant Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham, <HI>ib. p.</HI> 239.</NOTE> the tedious trouble of a mo&s;t grievous di&s;ea&s;e is created to the Patient.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the 1654, before the Plague broke out at <HI>Ni&s;mes,</HI> the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Cholera</HI> raged very much, which killed many people in four days time: but they that took advice at the fir&s;t on&s;et of the di|&s;ea&s;e, did almo&s;t all e&s;cape by this Method: When I conjectured the Patients had Vomited &s;ufficiently, I gave them &s;ome aromatized &s;oft Marmalet of Quinces, or &s;imple Marmalet if the Fever were high, in a Spoon two hours before Supper, either keeping them from all manner of drink, or allow|ing them but very little, though they were tor|mented with unquenchable thir&s;t; for drinking in|crea&s;es the Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s, whereupon ine|vitable death follows: I helped the numbne&s;s and convul&s;ion of the Legs with hot oil of Chamaemil: For the Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s, I embrochated the whole region of the Belly with oil of Nard, Ma|&s;tick, Quinces, and I &s;trewed thereupon Powder of Coriander, Ma&s;tick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They al&s;o took an Electu|ary of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, pre&s;erved Myrobalans, Powder of Pearl, Coral, Ivory, made up with Syrup of Corinths and Quinces. Sometime when &s;trength was good, in the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, I gave Rheubarb in Sub&s;tance, not omitting Cordial Epi|themes. So they almo&s;t all recovered their health. In children that were emaciated with &s;uch a flux, or a colliquative one, e&s;pecially in Summer time,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 26. <HI>cent.</HI> 4. Riverio <HI>addit.</HI></NOTE> I per&s;waded them to u&s;e Cly&s;ters mo&s;t, made partly of &s;trengthners, partly of re&s;toratives.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Man Seventy years old was taken with a grievous Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s, and in &s;even days he was cured with the&s;e four Remedies; A Cly|&s;ter made of Milk, <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi,</HI> Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, and Yelks of Eggs; An a&s;tringent and &s;trength|ening fomentation of the &s;tomach, with bags &s;teep|ed in Red-wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>co&s;.</HI> 53.</NOTE> A Julep made of a decoction of Plaintain and Pur&s;lane, with Syrup of Quinces and <HI>Confectio hyacinthi,</HI> given morning and evening; And <HI>Laudanum,</HI> one grain whereof was di&s;&s;olved in his Julep every night. This cure at &s;o great an Age was reckoned miraculous.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A Nobleman upon drinking freely of un|gratefull Wine, voided &s;incere bile upwards and downwards: He perfectly loathed all Meats, &s;o that the very mention of bread and fle&s;h turned his &s;tomach. When I was called at length, &s;eeing he had a great de&s;ire for &s;ome cooling Julep to quench his thir&s;t, I gave him Spring-water corrected with Vitriolate Syrup of Rasberries: It was a mo&s;t plea|&s;ant drink to him; but yet the fermentations that tormented the Stomach and Guts with a windy di|&s;ten&s;ion cea&s;ed not: An Emul&s;ion was made of &s;weet Almonds, with a decoction of Hart&s;horn and <HI>Scor|zonera</HI> root; and this plea&s;ed the palate, yet the fer|mentations, that were &s;o trouble&s;ome, with their painfull di&s;ten&s;ion, and the bilious Vomits and Stools thereupon were not &s;topt, although a &s;trength|ening Pla&s;ter were applied to the Stomach: And his re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s toward the latter end of the day was &s;o great, that I was forced to u&s;e <HI>Laudanum,</HI> two grains of which in Pills &s;wallowed every evening gave him a quiet night, upon the return of day Vomiting of mere bile followed; yet he could bear it well: Then he drank a little &s;trong Ca|pon broth, and that he might quench his intolera|ble thir&s;t with drink, a draught or two of his E|mul&s;ion was given him: Within an hour almo&s;t his re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s returned with difficulty of breathing, which threatned Suffocation; for none could be more extreme: In the mean time the Patient de&s;i|red a draught of &s;imple water, I &s;hould ea&s;ily have granted it him, con&s;idering he was in the flower of his age, and that his di&s;ea&s;e was cholerick; but be|cau&s;e the by-&s;tanders u&s;ually reckon this &s;trange and de&s;tructive to the Stomach not accu&s;tomed to it, that I might &s;atisfie both parties, I per&s;waded him to natural Water, but Medicinal, namely, the Wells at <HI>Egra</HI> in <HI>Bohemia:</HI> In the mean time that I might &s;top his longing, I commended tho&s;e of <HI>Sile|&s;ia:</HI> As &s;oon as they came he pre&s;ently quenched his thir&s;t, and they did him good:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sigi&s;m. Gra&s;|&s;ius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 99. <HI>mi&s;cell. curi|o&s;. An.</HI> 4 <HI>&amp;</HI> 5.</NOTE> When I vi&s;ited him the next day, he told me he had re&s;ted well that night; he commended the Waters as gratefull both to his palate and Stomach; and there were &s;ome hopes that he began to recover; this hope continu|ed, &s;o that after dinner he could &s;leep a little. When eight days were over, he &s;ignified to me he was perfectly well, but that there remained &s;ome little efferve&s;cence of humours, and thir&s;t: I &s;ent him word he mu&s;t continue the u&s;e of the Waters. After this method, but the attempt is bolder, the Inhabitants of the <HI>Alps</HI> in <HI>Switzerland</HI> are &s;aid to drink Ice in cholerick Fevers, <HI>Diarrhoea</HI>'s and Dy&s;enteries. &para; <HI>Borellus</HI> &s;aith, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;ervat.</HI> 27. that he cured a Woman onely by drinking fair Water, and applying <HI>Ceratum Santalinum</HI> to the region of the Stomach.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Woman was taken with a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s in the Month of <HI>July</HI> about Noon, and be|fore night &s;he had twenty &s;tools, with grievous pains about her Guts and Stomach, &s;o that &s;he was oppre&s;t with Vomiting likewi&s;e, and voided much &s;harp and cholerick humours: Being called in the evening, I advi&s;e my Patient to drink a gla&s;s of Vinegar and Water, till other Medicines were got ready; the operation of which was &s;o effectual,
<PB N="96" REF="54"> that her Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s were pre&s;ently &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 8.</NOTE> and no other remedies were u&s;ed, becau&s;e &s;he &s;aid &s;he was well.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A certain Bricklayer, when he was but newly Married, went home every day at noon to his Wi&s;e from the Kiln, which was about 2 Miles; It &s;o fell out about middle of Summer, while he was too vigorous in her Embraces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dom. Pana|rolu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>Pen|tec.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 11.</NOTE> that he voided great plenty of bloud upwards and downwards: for the heat and motion had opened the mouths of the Veins: nor would I call this di&s;ea&s;e by any other name, than a bloudy <HI>Cholera:</HI> for be&s;ides his lo&s;ing about twelve pounds of bloud, there were other very bad Symptoms, namely, want of Pul&s;e, with lo&s;s of &s;trength, Hippocratical face, cold &s;weat, and he was in a dangerous condition: But by giving him four &s;cruples of Bloud&s;tone in Pomegranate-Wine, he was pre&s;ently cured, to the great admi|ration of all men.</P>
<P N="15">XV. When there is imminent danger from the vio|lence of the pain, we mu&s;t fly to Narcoticks, which when given prudently, are often attended with good effects: Some mix them with Purgatives, that both the pain may be a&s;&s;waged, and the peccant matter carried off. <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> commends this of <HI>Elidaeus;</HI> Take of <HI>Diaphoen.</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Philonium Romanum</HI> 2 Scruples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>pr. l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 11.</NOTE> with either the Water, or decoction of Chamaemil make a Potion.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. If there be a nece&s;&s;ity of purging down|wards, that is, when it moves imperfectly, and is cholerick, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain altogether from <HI>Manna,</HI> and Medicines made up with Honey or Sugar; for they pre&s;ently corrupt and turn to choler: But Whey will be the be&s;t remedy of all, or a Potion made with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> which lays the heat, takes off &s;harpne&s;s, and purges gently: But if putrefied phlegm, or thick Choler cau&s;e it, nothing will be better than <HI>Mel. Ro&s;atum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S. ptalius, <HI>Ammad. ver&s;. l.</HI> 7. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2.</NOTE> or <HI>Solutivum</HI> in Whey, or in an Infu&s;ion of Red Ro&s;es.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE>1. Among other things, Syrup of Mint with Pomegranate-Wine is highly commended, if the Pomegranates them&s;elves with their inner pulp be put in the Pre&s;s.</P>
<P N="2">2. I gave one a little Cummin-&s;eed powdered in Beer, then of the decoction of Barley 4 ounces, with Syrup of Infu&s;ion of Ro&s;es one ounce, a little Honey of Ro&s;es, &s;train it, and take it; then I anointed the whole part with oil of Dill and Chamaemil: By which means,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> without any other Remedy, he was cured to a Miracle.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Joel.</NOTE>3. I have found no better remedy for this di|&s;ea&s;e, than <HI>Crocus Martis Paracel&s;i.</HI> &para; This al&s;o won|derfully &s;tops a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s; Take of the Mud in the bottom of Smiths Troughs in which they quench their Iron, mix it with a little Vinegar, and apply it warm to the Stomach for a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P N="4"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius.</NOTE>4. Cry&s;tal is a mo&s;t approved and excellent Re|medy in a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s. Half a drachm of it may be given alone, or made up with other Medicines.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE>5. Outwardly I find <HI>Empla&s;t. de cru&s;ta panis,</HI> or Bread new-baked and dipt in Pomegranate juice, if it be timely applied, doth much good in a Vomi|ting and Loo&s;ne&s;s from a hot Cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> olfinkius.</NOTE>6. In &s;trengthening the Stomach a decoction of Mint has great virtue.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Coeliaca Affectio, <HI>or Loo&s;ne&s;s. (See</HI> Lienteria, <HI>Book</HI> 10.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>How it may be known and cured.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>WHen too much is voided by Stool, con&s;idering the quantity that is eaten, &s;eeing the u&s;efull part mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily al&s;o peri&s;h, we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether the di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould be reckoned a Lientery, or a Coeliack Pa&s;&s;ion, or &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e: for if food, a little after it is taken, be voided, and &s;o there is a Lientery, becau&s;e the &s;tay of the food, and the nece&s;&s;ary retention of it in the Stomach is hin|dred, through &s;ome fault in the Stomach; which is out of order, and pre&s;ently excludes all it takes, it mu&s;t either be &s;trengthened, or freed of its trou|ble&s;ome Irritation, by Medicines that temper the humours, and if they abound, that may carry them off. But if the Food do make the nece&s;&s;ary &s;tay in the Stomach, be rightly and &s;ufficiently fermented in it, and do make a pultaceous ma&s;s, which is voided &s;uch downwards, and if there be that &s;ort of Coeliack pa&s;&s;ion, which I think may be called an <HI>Icte|rick Loo&s;ne&s;s</HI> (by rea&s;on of the defect of Secretion of the Chyle and Excrements, and that either through ab&s;ence or &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s of the bile) that this evil may be cured, and the Loo&s;ne&s;s &s;topt, the &s;aid Se|cretion mu&s;t be promoted and re&s;tored, and indeed by &s;ome bitter Aromaticks, becau&s;e they &s;harpen or augment bile, where it is either dull or too lit|tle, at lea&s;t they &s;erve in&s;tead of it, and &s;o a di|&s;ea&s;e bad enough, which kills its Patients by de|grees, is cured. But if a pure pultaceous ma&s;s of fermented Aliment be not voided, but mixt and confu&s;ed with the &s;everal Chyle &s;wimming upon it, which is another &s;ort of Coeliack Pa&s;&s;ion, becau&s;e then the tran&s;colation of the Chyle into the lacte|al veins, through the cloth-like cru&s;t of the Guts is hindred; whether it have its ri&s;e from phlegm &s;topping the Orifices of it, or it follow the con|&s;umption, and &s;having, and the cicatrice &s;topping tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages, Medicines mu&s;t be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Ap|pend. ad prax. tract.</HI> 5. <HI>Sect.</HI> 239.</NOTE> that may incide, ab&s;terge and purge this phlegm; for to re|move the Cicatrice, and to repair the lo&s;t cru&s;t, is a thing denied to Art.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Colicus dolor,</HI> or the Colick.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t ob&s;tinately upon Cly&s;ters. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Cly&s;ter that &s;tays may be got out? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why &s;ometimes ineffectual? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gums mu&s;t not be put in Cly&s;ters. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters doe little good, if the pain be above the Navel. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Turpentine in Cly&s;ters. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters &s;ometimes le&s;s effectual than Suppo&s;itories. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of oil in Cly&s;ters. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of Cly&s;ters of Smoak of Tobacco. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sharp Cly&s;ters mu&s;t not be given, if cau&s;ed by the hardened. Excrements. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some ea&s;ie ones. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a &s;trong Purge mu&s;t be given. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to keep a Purge from being vomited up. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Purges doe hurt. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Purgatives are &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a bilious one what Purgatives are convenient? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution in the u&s;e of <HI>Diaphoenicon. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is good to mix Narcoticks with Purgatives. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="97" REF="54">
<ITEM>The concomitant Tumour cau&s;ed by Phlegm, mu&s;t be cured by Purging. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomiting &s;ometimes good. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t proceed gradually in the u&s;e of Medicines. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Syrups mu&s;t be given without any Liquours. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Spirit of Salt be proper? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A bilious Colick exa&s;perated by Calorificks. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A phlegmatick Colick &s;ometimes cured by temperate things. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ea&s;ed by drinking Water. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by cold things inwardly and outwardly. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Indications for the Cure of a bilious Colick. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a gentle Vomit is convenient? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;ort of Purge is proper? <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Narcotick mu&s;t be given before a Purge? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One mu&s;t be given always after a Purge. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of it mu&s;t be repeated. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes we mu&s;t begin with one. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Relap&s;e may be prevented? <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the remaining Weakne&s;s may be amended? <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet mu&s;t be thin. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks be proper for all? <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be u&s;ed while there is &s;trength. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of giving them in ba&s;tard Colicks. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be given at any time. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an ob&s;tinate one cau&s;ed by Phlegm. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One Cure regular, another forced. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Phlegm be contained within the Coats, &s;trong things mu&s;t be avoided at fir&s;t. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When things that di&s;cu&s;s Wind &s;hould be u&s;ed? <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Volatile Salts breed Wind and break it. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They prepare vi&s;cid Phlegm excellently well. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Spirit of Nitre in di&s;pelling Wind. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometime cured by Salivation. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The force of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> to conquer a rebellious one. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One conquered by <HI>Guaiacum</HI> Wine. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Spaw Waters may be drunk? <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks may properly be given. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweats and Baths of dubious event. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of diaphoreticks. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it is exa&s;perated by applying hot things. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Girding the Belly clo&s;e with a Girdle does no good. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes one thing cau&s;es the Pain, and another thing the Ob|&s;truction. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Colick from the <HI>Serum</HI> cured by Hydragogues. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Periodical one ari&s;ing from the indi&s;po&s;ition of Mu&s;cles. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One mi&s;taken for a Pleuri&s;ie. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Scorbutick one &s;hould have a peculiar Cure. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Colick an effect of the Pox. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Cupping. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To what part of the Belly they &s;hould be applied? <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Specifick, if Wind be included between the Membranes. <HI>LXVI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Medicines.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius, <HI>meth. l.</HI> 5.</NOTE>I. ONE Purge given with Judgment in the Colick, does that at once, which ten Cly&s;ters will &s;carce reach, e&s;pecially in the Colick pain from ob&s;truction of the excrement above the Valve. &para; It was ob&s;erved, when a Patient had had thirty Cly&s;ters given him, without any benefit, that another Phy&s;ician gave him an ounce and half of <HI>Manna</HI> with two ounces of Oil of Sweet-almonds in &s;ome fat Chicken-broth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and ea&s;ed the Patient of his pain.</P>
<P N="2">II. Often when Cly&s;ters are given, they a&s;cend not, becau&s;e the pa&s;&s;age is &s;topt by the ten&s;ion made with wind: And it often happens, that when &s;eve|ral Cly&s;ters have been given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. med. pract.</NOTE> they &s;tay behind and almo&s;t &s;uffocate: Therefore if one or two Clyfters, or it may be a third, do not come away; it is bet|ter to recall them with a very &s;harp Suppo&s;itory, than to di&s;tend the Belly with more Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P N="3">III. The more unskilfull do err, while in a Co|lick coming of a vitreous matter, they pre&s;cribe Cly|&s;ters of weak virtue and improportionate, as &s;uch as are made of Oil of Chamaemil, Dill and Bay, with <HI>Hiera</HI> mixt with them: for they can onely doe &s;ome good in &s;light Colicks, in very violent ones they cannot take away the cau&s;e. The iterated in+jection of the&s;e Cly&s;ters is not of &s;uch moment as to overcome the ho&s;tile humour: The indication of continual repetition is not taken from the action of the violent Indicant, but from its being there: Therefore a diminute repetition can never conquer any notable violence of the Indicant, becau&s;e Vio|lence and Pre&s;ence differ <HI>toto genere.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctoriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. vi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. err.</NOTE> Stronger Cly|&s;ters in the Colick pa&s;&s;ion, the mo&s;t violent of all others, are made of <HI>Decoctum Carminativum,</HI> in which a drachm and a half of <HI>Trochi&s;ci Alhandal,</HI> and an hand|full of the le&s;&s;er Centaury are boiled, and &s;ome Oil of &s;weet Almonds, which may temper the Me|dicine. &para; Mi&s;tre&s;s <HI>N.</HI> was taken with the Colick, a Cly&s;ter is given, which not working, I am called; I find her crying out for the grievou&s;ne&s;s of her Pain: I pre&s;cribe a Cly&s;ter of Emollient decoction, 1 pound, <HI>Diaphoenicum</HI> 1 ounce, <HI>Aqua benedicta</HI> 4 oun|ces, wherewith her pain altogether cea&s;ed, and the Patient voided much phlegmatick matter and wind. I my &s;elf, being tormented with &s;uch a Pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 12. <HI>cen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and being not much relieved by an emollient, carmina|tive and loo&s;ning Cly&s;ter, I was cured by the like Cly&s;ter, &s;o that as &s;oon as it was given me, all the pain cea&s;ed, although it came not away till two hours after. &para; Stronger Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given, nor need we fear attraction to the part, becau&s;e the force of the Injection cannot reach far, nor attract the humours, for the ob&s;truction of the Guts. What <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aid of making revul&s;ion or aver&s;ion by a con|trary way, it is &s;aid concerning inflammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> and not of other Di&s;ea&s;es of the parts that have pa&s;&s;a|ges &s;ufficiently open to make evacuation: &para; <HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> and <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> if the Pain per&s;evere and &s;tir not from its place, are very good for it, and is a pre&s;ent and the la&s;t Remedy; for they that take 6 grains of <HI>Ca|&s;tor</HI> in Wine, and drink a little after it, are quickly cured; <HI>Euphorbium</HI> al&s;o and other things are infu&s;ed in the &s;ame quantity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Gums are dangerous, becau&s;e of their tough|ne&s;s, and mu&s;t not be put in Cly&s;ters, for &s;ome|times they &s;tick, and cannot be forced back, and &s;o kill, as it appeared to us by the Death of that Noble Per&s;on, Mr. <HI>Gaudetti,</HI> Governour of <HI>Montpellier:</HI> for the Apothecary would play the Phy&s;ician, and with|out the knowledge of <HI>Guilbertus, Griffius</HI> and <HI>Falcon,</HI> who looked after him, gave him <HI>Sagapenum,</HI> Gum Am|moniac, and &s;uch things, di&s;&s;olved;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and after he had taken his Cly&s;ter, he died all of a &s;udden. &para; <HI>Tur|bith, Coloquintida</HI> and Agarick, powdered, mu&s;t be tied up in a rag, and &s;o boiled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If the Ail be above the Navel, Cly&s;ters doe lit|tle good, and as all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Inte&s;tines are wor&s;e above the Navel than below, &s;o when Cly|&s;ters are given, while the Ob&s;tructions are in the upper parts, they come but a &s;mall way at the mat|ter, and if they be often u&s;ed, they bring the&s;e In|conveniences: 1. They dull the expul&s;ive faculty, and bring it &s;o to pa&s;s, as never to go to &s;tool, unle&s;s pro|voked. 2. The &s;udden impul&s;ion of the matter of the Cly&s;ters, if they be either too hot or cold, does hurt the temperature of the Inte&s;tines. 3. No Cly|&s;ter can be given, but much Wind will be given with it. Yet when the Pain is very violent, and the hu|mours crude, becau&s;e we cannot then give Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 169.</NOTE> we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity come to the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P N="6">VI. If milder Cly&s;ters are not ea&s;ily returned, and loo&s;en not the Belly, &s;uch things mu&s;t be u&s;ed as irritate more, and &s;train, and &s;queeze out the humours from the mouths of the Arteries: I have often known a Cly&s;ter doe a great deal of good, in which an ounce and a half of Turpentine has been put: The rea&s;on &s;eems to be, becau&s;e the bal&s;a|mick particles of the Turpentine comfort the Inte|&s;tines; and, moreover, are received by the venous bloud, and being circulated with it through the whole Body, provoke Urine; &s;o that oftentimes Urine plentifully follows &s;uch a Cly&s;ter, and always &s;mells like a Violet. Perhaps al&s;o the Particles of the Turpentine, when they are every where diffu|&s;ed,
<PB N="98" REF="55"> do move the &s;tagnant morbifick matter, or el&s;e incline it, being &s;owre or otherwi&s;e degene|rate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> to a better temper.</P>
<P N="7">VII. But as for <HI>Fallopius, lib. de medicament. purgant. cap.</HI> 28. his telling how <HI>Rufus</HI> condemns Cly&s;ters in the Gripes, for this rea&s;on, becau&s;e they di&s;tend the Inte&s;tines more, and that he would have Sup|po&s;itories u&s;ed in their &s;tead, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> No Practitioners need much heed this Paradox: yet this Caution of <HI>Rufus</HI> may be admitted in &s;ome individual per&s;ons. So when the mo&s;t excellent <HI>D. N.</HI> was taken with a violent Colick, and I was thinking to give him a Cly&s;ter of Penny-royal, Calamint, and &s;uch things, he confe&s;&s;ed to me he could not bear the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters, becau&s;e for the mo&s;t part they increa&s;ed his pains, and that on the contrary they were mi|tigated by a Suppo&s;itory: yea, he &s;aid he ob&s;erved that if at any time his pains were mitigated by u&s;ing Cly&s;ters, yet they ea&s;ily grew as bad again, and would never allow him above two or three days truce: but if a Suppo&s;itory were given him, it did not onely, like an Inchantment, appea&s;e the intole|rable pains in the very time of the fit; but al&s;o by the u&s;e hereof he was pre&s;erved five or &s;ix months from all Gripes. I ask him whether he had the Re|ceipt of the Suppo&s;itory which he had u&s;ed, or a Copy of it? And he communicated it to me. <HI>Take of raw Honey</HI> 1 <HI>ounce,</HI> Trochi&s;ci Alhandal <HI>half a drachm, di&s;tilled Oil of Wax half a &s;cruple, Salt Gem</HI> 2 <HI>&s;cruples; boil the Honey to a thickne&s;s, that it may be wrought with the fingers, add the Powders and Salt, and make Suppo&s;itories.</HI> And I thought good to mention the&s;e things for the &s;ake of young Phy&s;icians, who will now and then call to mind that pa&s;&s;age of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> when Symp|toms do not pre&s;ently abate. <HI>When any man does all things according to right rea&s;on, and yet it &s;ucceeds not ac|cording to rea&s;on, he mu&s;t not go to another thing, if that continue, which he &s;aw at fir&s;t.</HI> But &s;ome Candidate of Medicine may reply, if he be well read in the Greeks, e&s;pecially in <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Trallianus,</HI> and he may prove from the&s;e Authours, that not one|ly Cly&s;ters, but Wind it &s;elf artificially put into the Bowels doth mitigate the Pain and Gripes; yea, &s;ave tho&s;e that are in danger of their life. Whence he may infer either again&s;t <HI>Rufus</HI> or <HI>Fallopius,</HI> that this fear of Cly&s;ters is vain, and &s;o the Para|dox utterly falls to the ground, which maintains that, Becau&s;e Cly&s;ters di&s;tend the Guts, therefore Cly&s;ters mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in the Gripes: And two remarkable Texts occur in <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the fir&s;t is in <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de morb. &s;ect.</HI> 5. In which place he treats on pur|po&s;e concerning the Cure of the Gripes; and many Remedies are produced again&s;t it, where among the re&s;t he gives this advice; <HI>But if</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>it refu&s;e, a great deal of Wind mu&s;t be got in, by a Pipe tied to the nozle of a pair of Bellows, and blo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n into, and then let it di&s;tend both the Belly, and the Gut that is contracted; then, after you have drawn out the Bellows, give a Cly&s;ter.</HI> The latter Text very like the former, <HI>lib. de affect. &s;ect.</HI> 5. is this; <HI>But if he refu&s;e a Cly&s;ter, a Pipe being tied to the nozle of a pair of Bellows, and blown into, much Wind mu&s;t be got in, the Gut and the Belly being di&s;tended by Wind; when the Pipe is drawn out, a Cly&s;ter mu&s;t be injected immedi|ately, which if he receive, he will go to &s;tool, and recover. Trallianus</HI> al&s;o, <HI>lib.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 10. is of the &s;ame opinion concerning per&s;ons &s;ick of the Colick, that are pai|ned with ob&s;truction of hard excrement, and u&s;es the &s;ame Remedies which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> pre&s;cribes, who there teaches us the way and manner of operation far more clearly than <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> by means whereof, with a mith's Bellows, Wind may be got into the <HI>anus,</HI> and at &s;uch a time, when Antidotes taken at the mouth and Cly&s;ters could doe no great matters. Truly, to him that objects the&s;e and the like things out of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> we mu&s;t give an An&s;wer from <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> him&s;elf, who, 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 6. &s;aith, <HI>that for extreme Di&s;ea&s;es, the mo&s;t ab&s;olutely extreme Cure does excellently.</HI> Which words I take in this &s;en&s;e, that not acute onely, but the mo&s;t acute and altogether mortal Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be under&s;tood by <HI>Extreme,</HI> or as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaks, <HI>Highe&s;t,</HI> or beyond which there are no o|ther; and among the&s;e the Iliack pa&s;&s;ion or Twi&s;ting of the Guts, a &s;ort of that Pa&s;&s;ion, may be reckoned. See <HI>Hofman</HI> about this opinion, <HI>In&s;titut. lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 47. As if <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;hould have &s;aid, The Twi&s;ting of the Guts is a de&s;perate and extreme Di&s;ea&s;e, you will therefore doe your Patient right, if you de|lay not the extreme cure, but urge it, or as <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>m. m.</HI> 15. venture it. An excellent practical Admo|nition: Who, when the Patient mu&s;t dye, thinks it a mo&s;t ab&s;urd thing to begin with gentle means. Therefore far be it from us to charge <HI>Hippocrates</HI> with Ignorance, as if he knew not either tho&s;e Inconve|niences that attend both a flatulent or pneuma|tick Cly&s;ter, and the thru&s;ting of a Smith's Bellows into the <HI>anus,</HI> or tho&s;e, that <HI>Fallopius</HI> and <HI>Rufus</HI> fear will be brought on Patients by all Cly&s;ters: But, on the contrary, it mu&s;t be a&s;&s;erted, that <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> well knew all the&s;e things, but advi&s;ed, that of two Evils, the Patient being in danger of his Life, the le&s;s &s;hould be cho&s;en, and that in this ca&s;e a doubtfull Remedy was better than none at all: As a pneumatick Cly&s;ter, or a Bla&s;t of the Bellows were indeed hurtfull to the Inte&s;tines, ina&s;much (as <HI>Rufus</HI> ob&s;erves) as thereby the Guts were more di&s;|tended, prickt and racked; but this was but for a moment, and &s;o as the Di&s;tention of the Inte&s;tines quickened the torpid Belly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli, <HI>Quadripart. Botan. p.</HI> 461.</NOTE> and parted the guts from the excrements that &s;tuck clo&s;e to them, which Nature was afterward able to void.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. When the Di&s;ea&s;e invades one, the&s;e three things u&s;ually concur. 1. Ob&s;truction of the Belly, through plenty of dry excrement. 2. Drine&s;s of the Guts, with which the ob&s;truction and heat of the Kidneys, which maintains the Drine&s;s, often coincide: Sometimes too much Purging leaves the pa&s;&s;age dry, e&s;pecially when thin matter is purged, and the thick left. 3. Afflux of humours from the Veins increa&s;es Wind: in this &s;tate of affairs, when, the <HI>Colon</HI> being ob&s;tructed above by the humours, be|low by the excrements, Wind can neither get out o|penly, nor for its thickne&s;s tran&s;pire by occult ways, that mi&s;erable Di&s;ten&s;ion of the Inte&s;tines ari&s;eth, e|&s;pecially if the Guts be al&s;o dry. Here &s;ome pre|&s;ently ha&s;ten to di&s;cu&s;s Wind, they apply Fomenta|tions, give Di&s;cutients, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which indeed in a &s;light Colick doe what they ought; but in a violent one they doe a great deal of harm, by di&s;&s;olving Phlegm into Wind. The&s;e things have their u&s;e, but it is nece&s;&s;ary fir&s;t of all, that the lower pa&s;&s;ages be ope|ned, and the Drine&s;s of the Inte&s;tines amended. For this purpo&s;e lenient, and mollient Cly&s;ters are very good, and if there be vi&s;cid matter, inciding al&s;o and ab&s;terging ones are proper; upon which we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t, untill the Ob&s;truction ari&s;en from the Re|tention of excrement be taken away. And why Oils &s;hould not be received in Cly&s;ters, I &s;ee no rea|&s;on, for they make &s;lippery and mollifie the Guts. I fear Drine&s;s much more, which, if Oils are not u|&s;ed, remains. A certain woman, when &s;he was rea|dy to dye of colick Pains, was cured onely by mol|lifying the Inte&s;tines. I put the Sewet of a Wether taken out hot in a Kettle, and before I could get it ready I applied a Cupping-gla&s;s, endeavouring there|by to ea&s;e her pain, the Inte&s;tines being mollified, &s;he voided much vitreous phlegm and bilious hu|mours, and &s;he recovered, contrary to all expecta|tion. Hence it appears of what moment the molli|fying of the Inte&s;tines is, in the Colick; for which purpo&s;e Oils are given. <HI>Galen,</HI> when his Guts were pricked as with a Piercer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hofman|nus <HI>apud</HI> Scoltalum, <HI>con&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">73.</NOTE> upon taking a Cly&s;ter of Oil of Rue, voided a quantity of vitreous Phlegm, and recovered.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Bartholinus, cent.</HI> 4. <HI>epi&s;t.</HI> 92. &s;aith, the mo&s;t pre|&s;ent help mu&s;t be placed in Cly&s;ters of Tobacco Smoak. What they are able to doe, Mr. <HI>P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">canus,</HI> that mo&s;t able Apothecary, found at <HI>Geneva</HI> not ma|ny years &s;ince; who being grievou&s;ly &s;ick of the
<PB N="99" REF="55"> Colick from the <HI>Colon</HI>'s being ob&s;tructed with excre|ments, when he could not have a &s;tool by any means, no not by &s;wallowing of Bullets, one of Lead, an|other of Gold, nor by three ounces of Quick&s;ilver it &s;elf, was cured by having Tobacco Smoak blown into his <HI>anus</HI> by a common Tobacco-pipe, which gave him a large &s;tool, and by other convenient Re|medies.</P>
<P N="10">X. They de&s;erve reprehen&s;ion, who in a Colick cau&s;ed by hard excrements, do pre&s;ently u&s;e &s;harp Cly&s;ters, and hot Fomentations and Ointments, all which things do but &s;top up and dry the more; for <HI>Galen</HI> teaches that we mu&s;t fir&s;t go to Emollients, and then to &s;harp Evacuations. I, happening upon a Pa|tient who&s;e Belly was &s;topt up with hard excre|ment, and was in great Pain, gave him fir&s;t ten oun|ces of Oil of Sweet-almonds, and the next day or|dered him a Cly&s;ter of Oil and <HI>Hiera.</HI> Whereupon the excrements di&s;&s;olved by the Oil, were brought away by virtue of the <HI>Hiera.</HI> In &s;uch a Colick I have ea&s;ed many of grievous Pain, giving them in twen|ty four hours time thirty ounces of Oil of Sweet-almonds, ten in the morning, other ten in the e|vening without drink, and ten the next morning. This quantity of Oil certainly comes to the place grieved, and grea&s;es all the Guts: I give no other food in the mean time,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> art. par. c. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> becau&s;e Oil nouri&s;heth &s;uffi|ciently. A le&s;s quantity is in&s;ufficient.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Noble-woman was taken with a grievous pain of the Colick, and, nothing el&s;e being at hand, I ordered her a Cly&s;ter of <HI>Hippocras</HI> wine, and &s;he was pre&s;ently cured. A Farmer, that had bought Wine &s;piced to make merry withall, was &s;o cured. Now the&s;e Wines have Sugar or Honey for deter&s;i|on: And <HI>Hippocras</HI> has Cinnamon, Pepper, Ginger, Grains of Paradi&s;e in it; therefore no wonder, if People be cured by &s;uch Remedies. I cured ano|ther Countrey-fellow with Broth, Garlick beaten in a Mortar and Oil: for whatever things incide and attenuate, do di&s;cu&s;s, and therefore cure; as a Decoction of <HI>Ery&s;unum,</HI> wherewith I have cured &s;e|veral, which al&s;o is an effectual Remedy in Wine. In the&s;e Cly&s;ters Wine &s;hould never be omitted, be|cau&s;e it concocts the matter, ea&s;es pain by di&s;cu&s;|&s;ing Wind, and by refre&s;hing a little: But then it mu&s;t be old and of thin parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Sometimes &s;trong Purges, I think, are ne|ce&s;&s;ary: For the&s;e two things are commonly joi|ned together, Pain and Co&s;tivene&s;s, &s;o that neither &s;trong Cly&s;ters nor Lenitives, although taken in great plenty, can give a &s;tool: Therefore what mu&s;t be done then? Mu&s;t we tarry till the Guts be twi&s;ted? If in the Twi&s;ting of the Guts, in which the &s;trength is lower, no Man refu&s;es a Purge, why then &s;hould not Purges be pre&s;cribed, that the Pa|tients may be pre&s;erved from it? They that think we mu&s;t not purge, as <HI>Fuch&s;ius,</HI> &s;ay that <HI>Galen</HI> wrote, how the humours mu&s;t never be drawn to the part affected, but this is of no moment, becau&s;e there is a way in the part by which the attracted humours may be voided. <HI>Fuch&s;ius</HI> adds, that neither <HI>Paulus</HI> nor <HI>Aetius</HI> u&s;ed any other Medicines than gentle ones, and that the Moderns have introduced the u&s;e of Purges: But he is deceived, becau&s;e perchance he onely read the Judgment of <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> concer|ning hot matter, and not cold: For <HI>Paulus,</HI> &s;peaking of cold matter, propo&s;es Pills made of <HI>Euphorbium</HI> and Scammony: <HI>Aetius</HI> in the &s;ame ca&s;e commends <HI>Hiera Archigenis:</HI> Whereas he &s;ubjoins, this cu&s;tome was received from Practical Phy&s;icians, he &s;hews that either he never read the <HI>Arabians,</HI> or but care|le&s;ly, who u&s;e <HI>Diaphoenicon, Elect. Ind. Hierae magnae,</HI> &s;trong Pills. And I mu&s;t ingenuou&s;ly confe&s;s I have cured &s;everal in one day with this Medicine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> <HI>Take of</HI> Diaphoenicon <HI>half an ounce,</HI> Species Hierae 3 <HI>drachms: Mix them; Make a Bolus.</HI></P>
<P N="13">XIII. If Catharticks cannot be kept for continual Vomiting; apply a large Cupping-gla&s;s to the Navel, or a little below, and there let it &s;tick for an hour, if it can be done;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. med. pract.</NOTE> or let the Cathartick be taken in the Bath, for by this means it will &s;tay.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Avicenna, fen.</HI> 1. <HI>doctr.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &s;ays, that the Colick &s;ometimes comes by rea&s;on the pa&s;&s;age of the bile to the Guts is &s;topt; therefore the expul|&s;ive faculty of the Inte&s;tines is not irritated, and by con&s;equence the excrements are retained, and by continuance hardened: And becau&s;e the <HI>Colon</HI> is the greate&s;t and weake&s;t of all the Guts, it gathers a great quantity of excrements, and after it is &s;tufft and full loaden, inten&s;e pain is bred, which is not removed with purging Medicines, becau&s;e they draw new matter, whereupon there is a greater load of matter, and therefore greater pain: Nei|ther is it removed by <HI>Hiera,</HI> or other drying things, becau&s;e &s;o the excrements are more dried and hard|ned; Nor is it removed by Cly&s;ters, becau&s;e the <HI>Colon</HI> is &s;hut:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctoriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>Me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> But we mu&s;t then rely wholly upon Oil of Sweet-almonds; about half a pound of it may be taken at the mouth.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Too violent Catharticks mu&s;t be avoided; as Hellebore and Antimony. Nor yet is <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir, med. pract.</NOTE> though it purge gently, proper, becau&s;e it is windy. &para; Man|na is windy, I do not approve of it in the Colick. Do not give Manna, Rheubarb or Senna, e&s;pecially in Potions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>Ep.</HI> 141.</NOTE> except the Inte&s;tines be fir&s;t well &s;trength|ned. &para; If it be from Phlegm, it mu&s;t fir&s;t be &s;o purged, that Flatulencies, which u&s;ually accompa|ny it, may be dige&s;ted: Among Purgatives, Aga|rick, Mechoacan, or <HI>Elect. Diacarth.</HI> may be given in a Decoction, with Ani&s;e, Fenil, or <HI>Daucus</HI>-&s;eed. We mu&s;t avoid Rheubarb and Myrobalans, al&s;o <HI>Senna</HI> and <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia;</HI> the fir&s;t, becau&s;e they bind; the latter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. <HI>Prax. c.</HI> 146. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 11.</NOTE> be|cau&s;e they breed Wind.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. What Purgatives are convenient for a bi|lious Colick? When the Pain is a little mitigated, an Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb in Cichory-water may be given with Syrup of Ro&s;es, and mu&s;t be frequently repeated, till the load of humours be evacuated. If &s;uch a gentle Purge be not &s;ufficient to root out the Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t fly to <HI>Mercurius Dulcis,</HI> which given &s;everal times with diagrydiate Purges, performs the Cure. They that &s;u&s;pect <HI>Diagrydium,</HI> may take <HI>Mer|curius Dulcis</HI> alone made into Pills with &s;ome Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> drinking upon it an Infu&s;ion of Senna and Rheubarb, with Manna and Syrup of Ro&s;es.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Electuarium Diaphoenicon</HI> is excellent for the Colick; for it purges tough and thick Phlegm: but it mu&s;t be made of ripe Dates, which have a&s;tricti|on enough to correct the Scammony: for from <HI>Ga|len,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glauconem,</HI> Wormwood, that is hot and dry, is not good in phlegmatick Di&s;ea&s;es, becau&s;e of binding: For the &s;ame rea&s;on they mu&s;t be &s;tee|ped in Wine rather than Vinegar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. If we have a mind to mix Narcoticks with Purgatives, by this method of Cure we gain three things; we purge Phlegm it &s;elf, we di&s;cu&s;s Wind, and we ea&s;e Pain; than which no more pro|per or &s;uccesfull way of Cure can be thought on in the&s;e grievous Pains.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus. <HI>Phy|&s;egr. c.</HI> 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Sometimes it happens that Phlegm gathe|red in the <HI>Colon,</HI> cau&s;es a Swelling, which being turgid on the out &s;ide, leads the Phy&s;icians into an errour, and eludes the Cure: for when they find the hardne&s;s of the Swelling, they pre&s;ently run to Emollients, and in&s;i&s;t upon them, when the Cure &s;hould be directed to the taking away of the cau&s;e, <HI>i. e.</HI> the carrying off the Phlegm from the Guts. And the thing it &s;elf &s;peaks; for when part of the Phlegm is voided, the Swelling falls and grows le&s;s. See <HI>Fernelius</HI> his Hi&s;tory of <HI>Charles</HI> the Fifth his Em|ba&s;&s;adour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hofman|nus, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. A Vomit, if it be convenient, mu&s;t never be omitted in this ca&s;e, by which the Emunctories of the Bowels being emptied, they may more freely receive the recrements of the bloud and nervous liquour, which would otherwi&s;e increa&s;e the mor|bifick matter. Moreover the <HI>Plexus nervei,</HI> and all the parts would be &s;o &s;haken, as nothing that can fo|ment
<PB N="100" REF="56"> the Di&s;ea&s;e, would be &s;uffered to &s;tagnate or gather there.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> &para; The Reverend <HI>N.</HI> was &s;ubject to the mo&s;t violent Colick, being convul&s;ed in his hands, when he had been often purged by things taken at the mouth and by Cly&s;ters, and neverthele&s;s his Pain returned, with a violent Compre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> I thence conjectured that &s;tore of gro&s;s hu|mours was lodged in the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> which mu&s;t cau&s;e &s;uch &s;traitne&s;s, and his relap&s;e; I betook me to a Vomit, I gave him of <HI>Dia&s;arum Fernelii</HI> three drachms, with four ounces of <HI>Hydromel,</HI> to make revul&s;ion of the matter by Vomit; within le&s;s than an hours time he began to vomit, not continually, but by turns: Great &s;tore of phlegmatick humours was ca&s;t up, more than a Ba&s;on full; at length, the &s;ink being clean&s;ed, the Vomit cea&s;ed, nor did his Pain return any more; the Patient, who before was lean, now growing fat. Many Monks every where in their Cells, labouring of a compre&s;&s;ive Co|lick, their Bellies being drawn inwards with vio|lence, which at length ends in Convul&s;ions and Epi|lep&s;ies, go down to their grave, who if they had taken Vomits might have been kept alive: becau&s;e the&s;e gro&s;s and tough humours, being clo&s;e fa&s;tned, can no other way be rooted out more conveniently. But,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Thone|tus, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>l.</HI> 6.</NOTE> becau&s;e Vomits frighten the By-&s;tanders, and make the Phy&s;icians al&s;o more timorous, they are therefore the &s;eldomer u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. When we &s;ee a Cly&s;ter will doe little good, we mu&s;t go to Potions and outward Applications. A Potion may be made, 1. An ea&s;ie one of <HI>Diacyminum,</HI> or <HI>Electuarium de baccis lauri</HI> with &s;trong Wine hot, or &s;trong Wine and Honey. 2. Of Nutmeg powde|red and <HI>Cretian</HI> Wine hot. 3. Of Ca&s;tor 1 drachm, with Wine al&s;o. 4. A Turpentine Potion. 5. Salt and &s;ulphureous Waters. 6. Wolf's Dung which hangs on Thorns. 7. Larks in White-broth. 8. Hart's|horn burnt in a Pot, reduced to powder, and drunk in a drachm weight. 9. Broth of an old Cock with <HI>Carthamum,</HI> Polypodies, Turbith, Hy&s;&s;op, Seed of <HI>Dancus,</HI> Dill and <HI>Ammi, Sal Gemm.</HI> and Spices boiled in it, giving a Cly&s;ter now and then of the &s;ame Decoction. When the matter is concocted and rea|dy, I have u&s;ed <HI>Diaphoenicon</HI> and <HI>Diacatholicon</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leon. Jac|chinus.</NOTE> and &s;ometimes Cock-broth, and o|ther Remedies which do not heat much.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Give Syrups, without any Liquour, <HI>Oxy|mel &s;implex</HI> or <HI>compo&s;itum,</HI> mixing &s;ome <HI>Scylliticum,</HI> Sy|rup of Betony and Mint with it: for if you mix any hot Liquours with it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> they will encrea&s;e Wind.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Seeing the antecedent Cau&s;e is either thick and phlegmatick humours lodging within the Membranes of the <HI>Colon;</HI> or &s;ome flatulent matter; or an Inflammation of the <HI>Colon,</HI> or a &s;harp and bi|ting Juice, which cau&s;es &s;ometimes are complica|ted, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be of any continuance, when fre|quently, together with the thickne&s;s of the matter, a flatulent acrimony is al&s;o joined with Inflammati|on; wherefore, according to the Hermeticks, the colical di&s;po&s;ition is produced from a tartarous Mu|cilage, mixt with &s;typtick and &s;owre Spirits: Therefore it is a&s;&s;erted, when all things convenient are premi&s;ed, that Spirit of Salt is very good, as well becau&s;e by its attenuating and re&s;olving faculty it corrects the peccant humours: as becau&s;e by its di&s;cutient faculty it dige&s;ts the flatulent matter: Be&s;ides, it alters the putrefying matter, and pre|&s;erves the humours from Putrefaction: Yea, by its aperient faculty it di&s;po&s;es the morbifick cau&s;e, that nature may &s;ooner rid her &s;elf of it: And in as much as it depre&s;&s;es or fixes hot and &s;ulphure|ous Exhalations, &s;o far it is a very good Anodyne. Nor need we fear, that by its heat it will too much melt and di&s;&s;olve the humours, which <HI>Galen,</HI> 2. <HI>Meth.</HI> 8. bids us have a care of; or that by its penetrative faculty it &s;hould enrage the humours more; be|cau&s;e it is evident, in that being give to hydro|pick per&s;ons,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r&s;ti|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. <HI>Dec.</HI> 6. <HI>rob.</HI> 1.</NOTE> it quenches thir&s;t, and does not cau&s;e it; and it rather con&s;umes and a&s;&s;wages the raging humours, than irritates them.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Be not incon&s;iderately of their opinion, that Cure every Colick with hot things; Look at|tentively to the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e before you. I &s;aw yellow Choler &s;wimming &s;o plentifully on the <HI>Colon</HI> of a Woman, that one might have taken it thence with a Spoon, which affluence of Bile in this place &s;eeing Anatomi&s;ts do frequently ob&s;erve, it is very likely that it &s;weats through the coats of the Gall-bladder by little and little, being nearer to this Gut than others. Wherefore they doe very ill, who by overmuch &s;tudy do violently pre&s;s the Li|ver, becau&s;e this prone incurvation of the bended body &s;queezes out the Bile; which &s;ometimes as it pricks and vellicates the out Skin, &s;o now and then it in&s;inuates it &s;elf between the coats of the <HI>Colon,</HI> &s;o mi&s;erably racking the Patient thus be&s;et, that he had rather dye a thou&s;and deaths,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 37.</NOTE> than fall into &s;uch mi&s;ery.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. The chief &s;igns of a Colick ari&s;ing from Phlegm and Wind are taken from the excrements, and for the ea&s;e and cure of it, things that purge Phlegm and break Wind, all hot things with tenu|ity of parts are u&s;ed. Yet, that we &s;hould have more re&s;pect to the temperature of the Body and the Age, than to the&s;e Cau&s;es, <HI>i. e.</HI> Phlegm and Wind, this fre&s;h example doth &s;hew; About two years &s;ince, that Noble Per&s;on, Mr. <HI>de Mommolin,</HI> Trea|&s;urer to the mo&s;t Serene Prince <HI>de Longeville,</HI> in the Province of <HI>Neufcha&s;tel,</HI> &s;cragged, as it &s;eems, of a cold and dry temper, endowed in his youth with a &s;e|nile prudence, about thirty five years old, was fre|quently taken with the Colick, which gave him but little re&s;pite, &s;o that he was &s;carce two days free from it. He advi&s;ed with &s;everal Phy&s;icians, who&s;e main care was, that the crude, cold and moi&s;t humour might be altered, concocted and ex|cluded, Wind di&s;&s;ipated, the cold intemperature of the Stomach and Guts might be brought to a hotter, and their tone might be re&s;tored them. This Noble Per&s;on diligently ob&s;erved the Diet and Me|dicines, nor failed in any thing, the Pain neverthe|le&s;s raging, and nothing abated. At that time he was &s;ent Emba&s;&s;adour by the mo&s;t Serene Prince to his Subjects, with the Noble <HI>Akakia</HI> for his Compa|nion, who is Grandchild to <HI>Akakia</HI> the famous Phy|&s;ician of <HI>Paris,</HI> well known for his &s;everal Commen|taries upon &s;ome Books of <HI>Galen:</HI> He, con&s;idering the con&s;titution of the Noble Trea&s;urer's body, judged he mu&s;t go another and contrary cour&s;e; he &s;aid the Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be overcome not by heating and dry|ing things, but by temperate and moi&s;tning, and that the generation of Phlegm and Wind, was the product as well of a hot and dry Intemperature of the Guts, as of a Cold: If he had a mind to be free of his trouble&s;ome and frequent Pain, he mu&s;t bid farewell to the Remedies he had hitherto u&s;ed, and mu&s;t now ply temperate onely and a&s;&s;waging things: That for this purpo&s;e the continual u&s;e of Chicken or Veal-broth without Salt, was very good, that he &s;hould either wholly ab&s;tain from Wine, or drink it with much Water. The Noble Trea&s;urer had &s;carce ob&s;erved it three days, but he was free from all pain, and enjoyed his perfect health.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. An Apothecary forty years old told me he was &s;everal years troubled with the Colick, and could find no other Remedy but Drinking of Water, and as long as he per&s;evered in it, he continued well, but as often as he fell to the u&s;e of Wine a|gain, within two days he was taken with the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;e. In my judgment the Colick was not rai&s;ed by &s;imple bile, but for the greater part by a Me|lancholick Humour mixt with a bilious one, &s;eeing the &s;aid Apothecary had the melancholick temper predominant in him: And &s;eeing Melancholy is con|tinually poured out of the Spleen into the Stomach, which by its acidity infects the Wine as &s;oon as it is drunk, the Wine pre&s;ently turns &s;owre upon the Stomach, and encrea&s;es the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e. But if a bilious humour were the cau&s;e of the Di&s;|ea&s;e,
<PB N="101" REF="56"> it might indeed be corrected by drinking wa|ter; but the u&s;e of Wine would not &s;o &s;uddenly bring the di&s;ea&s;e; becau&s;e Wine does not &s;o quick|ly produce the Qualities of Bile, as of Melancholy, in as much as wine ea&s;ily grows &s;owre, and not bit|ter: And that which makes me the more believe it is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 49.</NOTE> that when the &s;aid Apothecary was taken with a fit of the Colick, he ca&s;t up &s;owre &s;tuff by vomit, and not bitter.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A certain Phy&s;ician, as <HI>Paulus, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 42. and <HI>Avicenna</HI> relate,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mart. Mar|rius</HI> de morb. me&s;ent. l. <HI>114.</HI></NOTE> cured ba&s;tard Colicks, which formerly ended in the falling-&s;ickne&s;s and Pal&s;ie, &s;e|veral times with Diet potentially and actually cold, although irrationally. Which neverthele&s;s <HI>Oethaeus in Ob&s;ervat.</HI> te&s;tifies, did happily &s;ucceed the plenti|full u&s;e of raw Plumbs and Grapes. &para; And it is convenient &s;ometimes by the repeated drinking of warm water, &s;ometimes, when the body is prepa|red, of cold water, to keep in the Choler that flies upward: Or &s;ome water, in which new vine Branches,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> pregnant with their native juice, chopt indifferent &s;mall, is boiled <HI>in Balneo Maris.</HI> &para; <HI>Galen,</HI> 12 <HI>Meth.</HI> 7. cured a certain Patient of the Colick in Summer time, when he was very thir&s;ty, onely by drinking cold water, to whom <HI>Aetius</HI> al&s;o &s;ub|&s;cribes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 93. <HI>Cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> After who&s;e example, when I practi&s;ed Phy&s;ick at <HI>Venice,</HI> I often gave cold water in the Co|lick with good &s;ucce&s;s. &para; Some according to <HI>Juli|us Alexandrinus</HI> his advice, di&s;like not of applying cold water to the Belly with double cloths, in great ex|tremity: For it is manife&s;t that by the u&s;e of it the pain pre&s;ently abates: which neverthele&s;s, except timely hindered, u&s;ually turns to the Pal&s;ie, the mat|ter being violently repelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini <HI>&s;u|pra.</HI></NOTE> and driven to the origi|nation of the Nerves. &para; <HI>Taranta</HI> and <HI>Crato,</HI> famous men, account cold water plentifully poured upon the bel|ly as a &s;ecret: which yet they had from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 5 <HI>aph.</HI> 25.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Con&s;</HI> 92.</NOTE> for cold water being poured largely on, a numbne&s;s being cau&s;ed, takes away the pain. &para; But this may be done with more &s;afety, when the bo|dy is loo&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. Con&s;. <HI>93.</HI></NOTE> and when the excrements are loo&s;ened and evacuated.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Seeing all the Phaenomena of a bilious Colick do manife&s;tly declare, that this di&s;ea&s;e comes either from &s;ome &s;harp humour, or vapour, di&s;|charged from the ma&s;s of bloud upon the Guts, The primary curative Indication to me is this, <HI>&s;cil.</HI> that the &s;aid humour, as well the Antecedent in the veins, as the Continent &s;hut up in the Bowels, may be eva|cuated: The &s;econd is, that by the u&s;e of Anodynes the violence of the humours tending thither may be &s;topt, and the mo&s;t &s;harp humour may be qualified: Therefore I order a good quantity of bloud to be taken away (if namely it have not been done be|fore) and an Anodyne to be given within three or four hours. The next day I pre&s;cribe &s;ome gentle purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> Ob&s;ervat. in morb. acut. <HI>295.</HI></NOTE> to be repeated the next day but one, &s;ome|times for three turns, as I find the reliques of the humours more or le&s;s.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. But it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that if this di&s;|ea&s;e owe its original either to horary fruits eaten in too great a quantity, or to any other meat hard of concoction, from whence bad and corrupt juices were fir&s;t of all tran&s;mitted to the bloud, and from it afterwards to the Bowels; The ca&s;e I &s;ay, &s;tan|ding thus, the Stomach mu&s;t fir&s;t of all be well wa&s;h|ed by drinking a great quantity of Po&s;&s;et-drink, and vomiting it up again, which done, an Anodyne mu&s;t be given: and the next day a vein mu&s;t fir&s;t be open|ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and for the re&s;t, we mu&s;t proceed in the &s;ame order, as we have already &s;hewn.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. But &s;eeing the violence of the pain, and in|clinations to vomit, whereby the Inte&s;tines are in a manner inclined to an inverted motion, do re&s;i&s;t the Operation of Catharticks, their &s;trength mu&s;t be increa&s;ed, nor mu&s;t a Lion be &s;et upon a Cock: for you will but in vain give a gentle purge, unle&s;s per|haps the Patient be very ea&s;ie to work upon, which mu&s;t diligently be enquired: for when &s;uch a Medi|cine is not able to make its way through the Canal of the Guts, the Patient is rather hurt by it, while the vomit and pain are encrea&s;ed by its ineffectual motion. A gentle purging Potion of infu&s;ion of Tamarinds, Senna and Rheubarb, in which Manna and Syrup of Ro&s;es may be di&s;&s;olved, is to be pre|ferred before any other Purge, becau&s;e it gives the humours the le&s;s di&s;turbance: Yet &s;ince either through the Patient's aver&s;ene&s;s to a Medicine in a liquid form, or his inclination to vomit, he cannot retain it in his Stomach; Pills mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be made u&s;e of, among which <HI>Cochiae</HI> ever plea&s;ed me above the re&s;t, becau&s;e they are &s;ure to go the &s;ame way they begin, both in this ca&s;e, and in mo&s;t others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>296.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. But when either the weakne&s;s of the Sto|mach, or inclination to vomit is &s;uch, that Pills can|not be kept, there I fir&s;t of all order an Anodyne, and within a few hours after a purge, yet allowing &s;o much time, as that the Purge may be given at &s;uch a di&s;tance, that it may not be overcome and pe|ri&s;h by it, and may make a convenient &s;tay in the Stomach, which may &s;uffice till the purge begin to work, and that when one cea&s;es, the other may be|gin its operation: Although a Purge, if it can be &s;o, &s;hould be given by right a good while after the Ano|dyne, becau&s;e twelve hours after the Anodyne is taken, it will &s;carce work,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>25<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> and not without much difficulty.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. But &s;eeing here, as in mo&s;t other di&s;ea|&s;es, in which Narcoticks are indicated, a purge al|ways increa&s;es the pain (at lea&s;t when the working is over, for while it works the Patient &s;ometimes finds him&s;elf more at ea&s;e,) therefore it is cu&s;tomary with me, to give an Anodyne, as &s;oon as the Energy of the Purge is over. Which I al&s;o order to be ta|ken every day morning and evening between his purgings,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that I may be &s;ure to lay the Pain till he have purged &s;ufficiently.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. When purging is done withall, I en|deavour (which is the onely thing now remaining to be done) to bridle the violence of the Humours by giving an Anodyne con&s;tantly morning and even|ing, which &s;ometimes mu&s;t be repeated oftner: Nor has it ever been my fortune to be able to lay vio|lent pains, except by a larger and reiterated do&s;e: For what is &s;ufficient to &s;ubdue another evil is over|come by this, the violence of the pain breaking the virtue of the remedy. And when pain of this na|ture is urgent, Narcoticks may very &s;afely be re|peated, but not when it is over; wherefore follow|ing the direction of Pain, I repeat the Narcotick, till it either quite cea&s;e, or be very much abated: Interpo&s;ing neverthele&s;s &s;o much time, as that it may be apparent to me, what I may expect from the precedent do&s;e, before I give another: But for the mo&s;t part, unle&s;s when the pain is extraordina|ry violent, a Paregorick given morning and even|ing will be &s;ufficient. The Anodyne I u&s;e mo&s;t is <HI>Laudanum liquidum,</HI> of which this is a de&s;cription. <HI>Take of Canary Wine</HI> 1 <HI>pound,</HI> Opium 2 <HI>ounces, Saffron powdered</HI> 1 <HI>ounce, Cinnamon and Cloves each</HI> 1 <HI>drachm; Let them be in|fu&s;ed</HI> in Balneo Mariae <HI>for two or three days, till the Liquor acquire a due con&s;i&s;tency;</HI> &s;ixteen drops of it may be di&s;|&s;olved in &s;ome di&s;tilled cordial Water, or the do&s;e may be increa&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> according to the violence of the Pain.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. This mo&s;t &s;imple method, whereby the peccant humour is evacuated by Bloudletting and Purging, and afterwards Re&s;t is procured by means of Narcoticks, always &s;ucceeded mo&s;t happily with me, above all others, that I have hitherto known. For carminative Cly&s;ters, that are given on purpo&s;e to get out the &s;harp humours, onely make the mat|ter wor&s;e, and when a tumult is rai&s;ed in the hu|mours, make the di&s;ea&s;e the longer. And here I would have it taken notice of, that although I &s;aid Bloudletting and Purging mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily go before this appea&s;ing Method; &s;ometimes neverthele&s;s, the ca&s;e &s;o requiring it, omitting both the&s;e, we
<PB N="102" REF="57"> mu&s;t begin the cour&s;e with Paregoricks, for ex|ample; when for &s;ome former &s;ickne&s;s large e|vacuations have been made not long before the coming of the Colick, (for frequently by rea|&s;on of the weakne&s;s of the bowels, e&s;pecially if there be an acce&s;&s;iou of a higher degree of heat from Wine, or any other Spirituous Liquor drunk imme|diately, they that are lately recovered of another Di&s;ea&s;e, fall into this,) in this ca&s;e, I &s;ay, I think it not onely unnece&s;&s;ary, but hurtfull al&s;o, by gi|ving more purges to rai&s;e new tumults, and again to di&s;turb all anew. To &s;ay nothing, how in this di&s;ea&s;e the Patient for the mo&s;t part, before he &s;ends for a Phy&s;ician, wa&s;hes his Guts &s;ufficiently by the repeated u&s;e of Cly&s;ters, &s;o that partly for this rea&s;on, partly for the long continuance of the di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Narcoticks in a manner onely &s;eem proper to be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. And becau&s;e this pain is more naturally apt to relap&s;e than any other, all opportunity of its return mu&s;t be taken away, by giving an Anodyne twice a day for &s;everal days together. But if when the Narcotick is left off the pain now and then re|turn, (as &s;ometimes it does) nothing yet could be invented by me, that &s;o certainly conduced to cure the Patient, as riding on Hor&s;eback or in a Coach, the Anodyne in the mean time being given morning and evening. For by &s;uch exerci&s;e the matter cau|&s;ing the di&s;ea&s;e is drawn into the Habit of the Bo|dy, the bloud being divided into its minute parts by &s;tirring, is as it were purified anew, and at length the Inte&s;tines them&s;elves, by &s;tirring up of the innate heat, are not a little &s;trengthened and cheri&s;hed. Nor am I a&s;hamed to confe&s;s, that I have more than once perfectly cured this di&s;ea&s;e by &s;uch exer|ci&s;e, when I have not been able to doe it any other way. But neither mu&s;t this be tried, till after &s;uf|ficient evacuation, nor mu&s;t it be left off till &s;eve|ral days afterwards. And, to &s;peak the very truth, I have ob&s;erved this kind of Exerci&s;e doe much good not in this ca&s;e onely, but in all Chronical di&s;ea&s;es, if a man con&s;tantly per&s;i&s;ted in it. For if we reckon with our &s;elves, how the lower Belly, wherein the Organs of Secretion are placed, is e&s;pecially &s;haken by this exerci&s;e, and that they are &s;haken with &s;ome thou&s;and Trottings in one day, we may ea&s;ily think that by the help of the &s;aid exerci&s;e, they can di&s;|charge any recrementitious juice, that is &s;ettled there, and (which is yet of more moment) that by &s;uch &s;trong excitation of the innate Heat they are &s;trengthened, &s;o as to perform the office of depura|ting the blood aright,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which Nature has commit|ted to them.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. It is manife&s;t from Ob&s;ervation, that when this Di&s;ea&s;e being unskilfully handled hath tired one out for a long time, &s;o that the bowels langui&s;h, the Patient is worn to skin and bone, and ready to dye of faintne&s;s; In this ca&s;e, I &s;ay, the more liberal u&s;e of <HI>Aqua Epidemica,</HI> or <HI>Mirabilis,</HI> or any &s;uch like which in his health he liked be&s;t, at this time helped him beyond expectation: For by help of this the few adu&s;t reliques of the innate heat and Spirits were excited, and the preternatural fer|ment, &s;ticking to the bowels, and now and then ad|mini&s;tring fewel to new Paroxy&s;ms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> was extingui&s;h|ed by the more &s;pirituous Liquors.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Moreover as in the cure of the Di&s;|ea&s;e, &s;o al&s;o when it is cured, a thin Diet mu&s;t yet for &s;ome time be continued: For &s;eeing this di&s;ea&s;e affects a Relap&s;e above all others, and that it chu&s;es to its &s;elf the chief In&s;truments of Concoction (I mean the Bowels now weakned by it) the very lea&s;t errour of this kind will pre&s;ently bring con&s;idera|ble damage. Wherefore as well in this as in all o|ther affections of the Bowels, Meats hard of Con|coction mu&s;t be avoided more than a Toad, and what light meats are allowed, mu&s;t be taken onely in &s;uch a quantity as may keep Life and Soul toge|ther.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. When Anodynes doe no good, and the pain is exceeding violent, we mu&s;t come to Nar|coticks, which are very commodiou&s;ly u&s;ed in a biting and a &s;harp humour, not becau&s;e they cool, as is commonly believed, but becau&s;e they have the faculty to mitigate the acrimony of the humour, to thicken it, and to keep in its biting and motion. But in cold, thick and tough humours Opiates are not &s;o proper, &s;eeing they make the morbifick cau&s;e wor&s;e, and more difficult to cure. And though they that have the Colick from cold humours, do at fir&s;t perceive &s;ome benefit by them, yet afterwards the pains become greater, the humour it &s;elf being made thicker, and more unfit for motion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and &s;o it &s;ticks more clo&s;ely to the Coats of the Inte&s;tines.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Yet you mu&s;t take this caution about the u&s;e of Narcoticks, that when there is occa&s;ion for them, they be u&s;ed while there is yet &s;trength; for if they be u&s;ed when &s;trength is wa&s;ted, and the Patient is near death, they will not onely doe no good, but al&s;o ha&s;ten the Patient's end, and take a|way Life and Sen&s;e together. Then let &s;uch things be given in a Cly&s;ter in &s;ome convenient decoction, and when the Cly&s;ter is given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> let the Patient lie on his pained &s;ide.</P>
<P N="40">XL. But if the violence of the pain ri&s;e &s;o high, that leaving other intentions, we mu&s;t have an eye upon it, it will be proper to u&s;e Narcoticks, which by &s;tupefying may correct the evil, both taken in|wards, and outwardly applied: Yet with due Pro|vi&s;ion always, as to their quantity, manner of u&s;ing, time, and the &s;ubject to which they mu&s;t be admi|ni&s;tred. What are given into the Body, are mixt with Purges, Potions, Cly&s;ters; But it is conveni|ent, they have all of them the&s;e requi&s;ites. 1. That by ha&s;tening to &s;ome principal Part, they weaken not its faculty. 2. That they be well corrected. 3. That they &s;trengthen the Spirits, and be mixt with &s;trengthers of all the vital Faculties, hepatick and &s;tomachick: For there mu&s;t be no other end in the&s;e things than refre&s;hing the &s;trength, to wit, that while the Pain cea&s;es, the Patients may recol|lect their &s;trength, be a match for the Di&s;ea&s;e, and be able to &s;ub&s;i&s;t the time of cure: Therefore it is better to give them twice or thrice in a &s;mall quan|tity, than in &s;o large a do&s;e as may afterwards doe harm. But when the pain is laid,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martini</HI> de Morbis me|&s;ent.</NOTE> and watching hu&s;hed, they mu&s;t pre&s;ently be removed, le&s;t they &s;erve to promote the morbifick cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. We mu&s;t have a &s;pecial care in the mean time that Opiates be not given, unle&s;s the body be fir&s;t purged by proper evacuations, and they mu&s;t be taken &s;ome hours before Meal, upon an empty Sto|mach, in extreme pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus, <HI>Phy|&s;ogr. c.</HI> 19.</NOTE> and when other Anodynes will doe no good.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. The cure mu&s;t be begun with Cly&s;ters; <HI>Take of the Decoction of Mallows, Mercury, Pellitory of the Wall, Chamaemil flowers, Betes,</HI> 1 <HI>pound, Honey of Ro&s;es &s;o|lutive, Oil of Chamaemil, each</HI> 3 <HI>ounces, Yelks of Eggs No. ij. mix them without &s;alt.</HI> If evacuation do not follow, let another be repeated of the Oils alone, which the Patient mu&s;t keep all night. But if no evacua|tion of Excrements follow, &s;ome Lenient &s;hould be given: But becau&s;e I have &s;een many Lenitives given often to no purpo&s;e. I propo&s;e as a very &s;afe Medicine, and often tried by me, 5 ounces of fat Manna di&s;&s;olved in Broth, altered with Cinnamon: for by its fatne&s;s, moi&s;tne&s;s, and &s;ubtilty of parts, it makes lax, penetrates, and by &s;oftning expells the Excrements; which if it give not a &s;tool, Oil of &s;weet Almonds may be given from ounces to a whole pound. When the Gut is rid of the Excre|ments, tough phlegm mu&s;t be prepared with <HI>Mel ro&s;ar. &s;impl.</HI> and <HI>Oxymel,</HI> adding a little <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> Ani|&s;eed, Juniper or Cinnamon water. And being pre|pared, it mu&s;t be evacuated with 2 drachms of <HI>Hiera picra Galeni,</HI> made up with Lenitive Electuary. But if in the mean time the belly become bound again, &s;uch a Medicine may be given; <HI>Take of</HI> Elect. Dia|phoenic.
<PB N="103" REF="57"> <HI>half an ounce,</HI> Spec. Hier. &s;impl. 2 <HI>drachms,</HI> Philon. Roman. <HI>half a drachm; mix them, make a</HI> Bolus. For when the pain is ea&s;ed, the Inte&s;tines are more ea&s;ily loo&s;ened, and the Excrements voided. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e continue, preparation mu&s;t be repeated in this manner: <HI>Take of the Decoction of Speedwell, commen|ded by</HI> Crato, <HI>of green Mint, by</HI> Aetius, <HI>root of Ma&s;terwort,</HI> 5 <HI>ounces, Oil of Zedoary</HI> 5 <HI>drops; make a Syrup of them.</HI> For Zedoary is mo&s;t powerfull again&s;t vitreous Phlegm. Then purging mu&s;t be repeated with &s;tronger things, whatever <HI>Ma&s;&s;aria</HI> and <HI>Septalius</HI> &s;ay; for we may u&s;e them when the pain is a little laid, the matter di|mini&s;hed, and &s;ufficiently prepared. Wherefore <HI>E&s;|&s;entia Trochi&s;c. Albandal,</HI> or <HI>Spiritus vitae aureus Rulandi</HI> may be given; which if they be not at hand, <HI>Take of</HI> E|lect. Diaphoen. 2 <HI>drachms,</HI> Pil. Aloephang. 1 <HI>drachm,</HI> Trochi&s;c. Alhandal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 92. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> Ca&s;tor <HI>each</HI> 3 <HI>grains; make them up.</HI></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. If perhaps after all is done, the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould return, the Cure may be twofold, Forced, to wit, and Regular; The forced is proper for mo&s;t cruel pains, and mu&s;t be performed by Ano|dynes and Narcoticks; wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> 12 <HI>met.</HI> 1. &s;ays, <HI>Though I above all men do abhor the v&s;e of high Narco|ticks, yet I give them in a very violent Colick.</HI> Which he repeats 3 <HI>per loca</HI> 1. <HI>When pain is urgent, I of nece&s;&s;ity u&s;e &s;tupefiers.</HI> To which neverthele&s;s we mu&s;t not come, till after we have u&s;ed other Medicines in vain: <HI>For they ea&s;e pain, but do not cure Di&s;ea&s;es,</HI> 2 <HI>ad</HI> Glauc. 8. Hence <HI>Aetius</HI> con&s;iders that &s;tupefiers are good for hot humours, but are bad for cold, becau&s;e they thicken them, and cool very much. So <HI>Trallianus</HI> and <HI>Paulus</HI> write, that by &s;tupefiers the cold humour becomes thicker, and more unfit for motion, the coats of the Inte&s;tines are made thicker, and at length the di&s;po&s;ition being increa&s;ed, the Di&s;ea&s;e is prolonged.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> Wherefore we mu&s;t u&s;e Anodynes, and u&s;e Narcoticks as little as may be.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Mo&s;t grievous pain is frequently rai&s;ed by Phlegm and thick and tough humours, not contai|ned in the cavity of the Inte&s;tines, but within the Coats of the <HI>Colon. Galen</HI> 12. <HI>in m.</HI> 7. In &s;uch a Co|lick, having purged fir&s;t, bids us u&s;e attenuaters of Phlegm, di&s;&s;olvers, and di&s;cutients, (yet not very hot things, le&s;t the matter being &s;uddenly di&s;&s;olved, wind be multiplied,) and preparatives of the matter for excretion, and la&s;tly evacuaters. Strong Cly&s;|ters and repeated in the beginning doe more hurt than good, the matter being &s;tirred indeed, but by rea&s;on of its unfitne&s;s not evacuated, and nature &s;poiled. Gentle things mu&s;t be given al&s;o at the mouth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> <HI>Avicenna</HI> bids us ab&s;tain from Agarick, for fear of vomiting.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. The&s;e cold and gro&s;s juices contained with|in the coats of the Inte&s;tines, mu&s;t be incided and concocted, and indeed with &s;uch hot Medicines as do not di&s;cu&s;s more than they dige&s;t, but have a faculty to di&s;cu&s;s wind, among which <HI>Galen</HI> reckons Garlick. For although &s;ome think Garlick breeds wind, yet <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays right, 12 <HI>m. m.</HI> 8. that of all edibles Garlick di&s;cu&s;&s;es wind mo&s;t: for it manife&s;t|ly has an exceeding heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;uch as breeds not a phlegmatick humour, but manife&s;tly re&s;i&s;ts it.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Volatile Salts, but oily, do both power|fully and gently di&s;cu&s;s wind above many other things; In the u&s;e of which I have ob&s;erved &s;ome|thing worth notice, namely, that wind is produced by them, as often as vi&s;cid phlegm &s;ticks in the Sto|mach or Guts, but then the wind is di&s;per&s;ed and broken by their virtue, or otherwi&s;e di&s;appears. Whence I argue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 14. <HI>Sect.</HI> 59.</NOTE> that Wind ari&s;ing from bad hu|mours in the body, be they more or le&s;s vi&s;cid, may gradually be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed and aboli&s;hed by the &s;aid Salts, which experience it &s;elf al&s;o confirms.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. This is remarkable al&s;o in the u&s;e of them, That vi&s;cid Phlegm is by degrees incided and amended by them. So that whatever either wind it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> or the matter of it require for cure, the&s;e oily Salts are able to doe it all.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Mo&s;t Aromatick things, out of which Oils may be di&s;tilled, &s;eeds e&s;pecially, di&s;cu&s;s wind. The Spirit of Nitre bears away the Bell from all the re&s;t, being every way u&s;efull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. c. <HI>7.</HI> Sect. <HI>27.</HI></NOTE> while it corrects both Phlegm and Bile, and hinders wind from breed|ing, and di&s;per&s;es it when bred.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id. c. <HI>2.</HI> Sect. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> &para; It di&s;cu&s;&s;es wind, at lea&s;t it forces it to fall, and hinders the new ri&s;e of it.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. In a tedious Colick, when all other Me|dicines could doe little or no good, I have known this Medicine, given once or twice, rai&s;e a &s;aliva|tion, to the great relief of the Patient. For if at any time the morbifick matter gathered and firmly fixed in the nervous folds, or other places about the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> cannot be moved by other <HI>Medicines,</HI> the Mercurial Particles diffu&s;ing them&s;elves every way, ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olve and divide it into minute parts, and di&s;pell them diver&s;ly hither and thither, and at length altogether di&s;per&s;e them. Wherefore in a long and pertinacious Colick they may &s;ometimes &s;ucce&s;&s;ively be given for a gentle Salivation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. When the Patient's Colick could not be ea&s;ed by u&s;e of Medicines, and he could not move him&s;elf but with great difficulty, I came to this la&s;t re&s;olu|tion, to give him a decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> wood, and its bark, in which a little Fenel onely was bolled: becau&s;e if other Medicines were mixt with it, they would rather weaken its virtue, than add to it: And then if the Fever &s;hould cea&s;e, as I hoped it would, that a third part of wine &s;hould be added to the decoction, boiling and preparing it after &s;uch a manner, as &s;eemed mo&s;t convenient for the health of the Patient, giving him of it both morning and evening for a Julep, and for his Drink, although I had re&s;olved not to put him upon &s;o &s;lender a diet, as if he had not been afflicted with &s;o tedious a Di&s;ea&s;e, although he had formerly u&s;ed a fuller diet than was convenient; by which &s;ort of remedy he was perfectly cured of his Di&s;ea&s;e. Who unle&s;s in|deed he had recovered of his Di&s;ea&s;e quickly after taking it, truly I had added a greater mea&s;ure of the Bark, &s;eeing it is more efficacious than the rind of Rhadi&s;h, Citron, Hellebore, Capers, and &s;eve|ral other things. Nor would I have pa&s;&s;ed to other things, but have waited a few days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aloy&s;ius Mundella.</NOTE> &s;eeing the na|ture of this Medicine is &s;uch, that it exerci&s;es its &s;trength a long time after it is taken.</P>
<P N="51">LI. A Bath-keeper of <HI>Vienna</HI> after he had been wrackt 3 quarters of a year with a mo&s;t grievous Colick, and had u&s;ed many things ami&s;s, and the evil &s;eemed to be exa&s;perated by drinking Spaw-waters, yea, and his young Wife was but lately dead of the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, fearing the &s;ame fate, &s;ent for me. He began to be convul&s;e in his whole Body, &s;o that I gue&s;&s;ed the matter tran&s;lated to the nervous kind about to cau&s;e a Pal&s;ie, created us this mi&s;chief. When his Con|vul&s;ions were &s;topt by Medicines, I gave him <HI>Guaia|cum</HI> Wine, according to <HI>Amatus</HI> his Precept, <HI>Cent. cu|rat.</HI> 32. to cau&s;e him to &s;weat for five days, and he was perfectly recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. de Sor|bait. <HI>Ephem. German. an.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 457.</NOTE> Without doubt it was a Colick from phlegmatick humours the Seminaries of wind, got into the Guts, which being di&s;&s;olved by that Diaphoretick Wine, was &s;pent by &s;weat. Some laxatives were given between whiles.</P>
<P N="52">LII. In a long and pertinacious Colick, where the Con&s;titution and Bowels are hotter than ordina|ry, Purging waters, or Whey, and Syrup of Vio|lets are often given with great benefit: For both the&s;e Liquors, where they agree, drunk plentiful|ly, cool the exce&s;&s;ive heat of the Stomach and In|te&s;tines, and pre&s;ently ea&s;e and make them lax when contracted by Spa&s;ms and painfull corrugations, or convul&s;ively extended by wind. Moreover, where|by e&s;pecially (as I think) they doe good, by in&s;inua|ting Saline particles of another nature into the mor|bifick matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> cap. de Colica.</NOTE> they tame and &s;ubdue the other &s;a|line and irritative ones that are in it, and often car|ry them off by Purge. &para; Above all other Reme|dies whatever, Iron-mine Spaw-waters, drunk for a
<PB N="104" REF="58"> month in Summer-time, u&s;e to give the mo&s;t relief: But when they are drunk, great care mu&s;t be taken, that they be di&s;charged again by Stool and Urine; le&s;t perhaps if they &s;hould make any long &s;tay in the body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> by running into the head or feet, as they of|ten do, they might cau&s;e the <HI>Vertigo</HI> or Gout. &para; In a phlegmatick and flatulent Colick, Spaw-waters have no place, becau&s;e they cool the Inte&s;tines, and double the Pain: and becau&s;e they have no pa&s;&s;age by rea&s;on of Co&s;tivene&s;s, they di&s;tend the Belly, and encrea&s;e Pain. In a bilious perhaps they may be allowed, if the Body be loo&s;e and the Stomach &s;uch, as can &s;afely and ea&s;ily bear the drinking of them. For <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>de loc. aff. c.</HI> 2. writes, that reach|ing and vomiting are urgent in the Colick,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sebi&s;ius,</HI> de Acidulis, Sect. <HI>2.</HI> di&s;|&s;ert. <HI>2.</HI> Sect. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> and in|deed far more violent, than in the Stone, and that the Patients vomit Phlegmatick and corrupt &s;tuff: for the Stomach, when the Inte&s;tines are affected, does &s;ympathize.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. Diureticks u&s;ually doe more good than &s;weats, whereby when the bloud is di&s;&s;olved, and its &s;ero&s;ities are plentifully precipitated, then the fewel of the Di&s;ea&s;e is cut off, and the ma&s;s of bloud being emptied receives part of the morbifick mat|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> &s;o that upon this account its reliques are ea&s;i|ly di&s;cu&s;&s;ed.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. Bathing mu&s;t not be allowed them that la|bour of &s;uch a Colick; for u&s;ually their bowels are too hot, and hereby they are more heated, and the pain is encrea&s;ed: Then, in an Afflux of that mat|ter, which fir&s;t bred the Colick, before the nerves be affected, the mu&s;cles are fir&s;t filled, &s;o that they cannot receive the animal Spirit, which is the chief operator of &s;en&s;e and motion, or, if they do re|ceive it, yet they cannot doe their duty, becau&s;e of their feeble and weak con&s;titution, which bathing increa&s;es, and &s;o helps to a wor&s;e tran&s;lation of the matter, according to <HI>Aphor.</HI> 5.16. But if all things have been tried in vain,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ho&euml;ferus,</HI> Herc. Med. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> and the pain cea&s;e not, nothing hin|ders but we may put the Patient in a Bath, and indu|&s;triou&s;ly cau&s;e a Tran&s;lation of the humour, becau&s;e &s;o the morbifick matter is tran&s;lated from the more noble to the ignoble parts, when there is no place for evacuation, that is, a violent Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be cu|red by one more gentle: for the ba&s;tard Pal&s;ie, that follows, in proce&s;s of time goes away of it &s;elf, or is forced away by fit Remedies. &para; Baths and Sudorificks are commonly pre&s;cribed in the Colick, yet, as far as I could ob&s;erve, &s;eldom with good &s;ucce&s;s: Becau&s;e the&s;e things by exagitating the bloud and nervous humour, cau&s;e them to throw off more into the matter of the Colick, and the mat|ter lodged there already, to boil and rage the more;<NOTE PLACE="marg">W<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llis.</NOTE> and they very rarely di&s;cu&s;s the matter per|fectly.</P>
<P N="55">LV. In the Colick Pa&s;&s;ion Diaphoreticks and Su|dorificks mu&s;t not be neglected, &s;eeing it is ob&s;er|ved by <HI>Carolus Pi&s;o, Sect.</HI> 4. <HI>Concerning Di&s;ea&s;es of the lower Belly from &s;erous matter,</HI> cap. 2. That oftentimes the&s;e pains are much ea&s;ed by &s;pontaneous &s;weats, and are averted by di&s;cu&s;&s;ing wind. And often Bile, the cau&s;e of the Colick pain, is by a &s;pontaneous critical-motion of Nature, thru&s;t out to the outer skin in an univer&s;al Ab&s;ce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">chir. Med. pract.</NOTE> See <HI>Ca&s;tren&s;is, lib. Quae ex quibus.</HI></P>
<P N="56">LVI. We mu&s;t have a care, le&s;t by u&s;ing hot things, taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, the humours become adu&s;t, and rai&s;e an inflammation. &para; I have ob&s;erved in &s;ome con&s;titutions and tem|pers, that Epithems of hot things, or applied hot, rather enrage than abate the pain. Wherefore in the&s;e ca&s;es it &s;eems not ami&s;s to apply fomentations of a &s;olution of Nitre or <HI>Sal</HI> Ammoniack, as in pains of the Gout,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and &s;ometimes (as <HI>Septalius</HI> reports) of pure cold water.</P>
<P N="57">LVII. Some u&s;e a girdle wherewith they bind in the Belly &s;trait. But I think it is to no purpo&s;e, and that it rather increa&s;es than dimini&s;hes the pain:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rol&s;inc. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>l.</HI> 7</NOTE> For when the Belly is &s;queezed, the <HI>Colon</HI> al&s;o is &s;traitned, and the windy matter makes the more re|luctancy, whereupon the pain is enraged.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. The &s;ame matter does not always cau&s;e the pain which cau&s;es the ob&s;truction, but &s;ome|times a divers. For &s;tore of wind with retention of the Excrements, both di&s;&s;olves continuity, and cau|&s;es Pain and Ob&s;truction. But when wind is not &s;o plentifull, and the Excrements are hardened, it is another thing that cau&s;es the Pain; for it is often ob&s;erved, that a man has not gone to &s;tool for &s;eve|ral days, and that the Excrements have been retai|ned without the Colick; but upon the ari&s;ing of wind afterwards the Colick hath ri&s;en. If there|fore the Colick be cau&s;ed by &s;ome hard Excre|ments, hindring the pa&s;&s;age of the re&s;t of them, and of the wind, emollients mu&s;t be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and after|wards &s;harp things to irritate the faculty.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. When a man had recovered of a Catarrh, he fell &s;ick of a very trouble&s;ome Colick, which encrea|&s;ed towards night: before it came upon him, ju&s;t as he had done eating, he vomited up &s;ome pounds of clear water, without mixture of any thick Chyle. The cau&s;e of the Colick &s;eemed to me to be the thick|ne&s;s of the Chyle, which for want of liquid <HI>Serum,</HI> when it could not pa&s;s the Inte&s;tines freely, rai&s;ed the Gripes. I knew a Mini&s;ter tormented with the Colick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 58.</NOTE> who by vomiting great &s;tore of water was cured. Wherefore Hydragogues mu&s;t frequently be u&s;ed in the Colick, by help whereof I have of|ten cured Patients by purging.</P>
<P N="60">LX. A Girl about two years old was tormented with periodical pains about her groin, &s;o that nei|ther lying, &s;itting, &s;tanding, nor carried in Armes, &s;he could find any ea&s;e from her pains. This pain returned at &s;et times; &s;he was well from ten at night till twelve the next day, the third fit being ended, and no manife&s;t <HI>cri&s;is</HI> appearing, &s;he lived free from it afterwards. There was no &s;ign of worms; there|fore I do not que&s;tion but it was a flatulent Colick, re&s;iding rather in the mu&s;cles of the Belly, than in the <HI>Colon,</HI> for &s;he was loo&s;e enough: I cured her by anointing her Belly with di&s;tilled Oil of Worm|wood and Cummin&s;eed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;t. <HI>59.</HI></NOTE> and giving her &s;ome Trea|cle in Hart&s;horn water.</P>
<P N="61">LXI. Mr. <HI>Puri</HI> of <HI>Newenburgh</HI> in <HI>Switzerland,</HI> four &s;core years old, but a lu&s;ty man of his age, being taken with a violent pain in his left &s;ide, called a neighbouring Chirurgeon, who taking him to be &s;ick of a Pleuri&s;ie, let him bloud, whereupon his pain grew wor&s;e. His Son, a worthy Pa&s;tor in the City, brought his Urine, and asked my advice. I enquired of him whether his Father had drunk any new wine lately, (it was in <HI>November</HI>) which in that year 1659. had got no ripene&s;s. He told me, yes, and added, that his pain was below his Ribs, and not fixt in one place; I foretold him that letting|bloud would prove fatal to him, and indeed he died in three days, pa&s;t all remedy.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. No Di&s;ea&s;e almo&s;t requires a more &s;peedy aid from Phy&s;ick than the Colick, and Gripes that happen in the Scurvey. Again&s;t the&s;e evils Cly&s;ters of divers &s;orts, Fomentations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are u&s;ed. The u&s;e of Opiates is found here very nece&s;&s;ary. Cer|tainly <HI>Riverius</HI> his Rule, That purging Pills &s;hould have <HI>Laudanum</HI> in them, is very proper here; for when &s;leep is cau&s;ed, and the Patient a little purged, the Paroxy&s;m is frequently at an end. And te&s;ta|ceous powders, by which the &s;owre &s;alts are either imbibed or fixed, conduce very much to the driving away of the morbifick cau&s;e. For example; <HI>Take of Powder of Crabs eyes, Egg &s;hells each I drachm and an half, Pearl</HI> 1 <HI>drachm. Make a powder for</HI> 4 <HI>do&s;es,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> <HI>to be given in a decoction of the root and &s;eed of Burdock, every &s;ixth hour.</HI></P>
<P N="63">LXIII. In a long Colick when all other remedies did little or no good, I have often known this medicine given once or twice to rai&s;e a Salivation, and give the Patient ea&s;e. For if at any time the morbifick matter be plentifully gathered, and deeply rooted, in the nervous folds, cannot be removed by other
<PB N="105" REF="58"> Medicines, the Mercurial Particles &s;preading them|&s;elves every way ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olve and divide it into minute parts, di&s;pell them this way and that, and at length wholly di&s;&s;ipate them. Wherefore in a long and pertinacious Colick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> they may &s;ometimes be given with &s;ucce&s;s to rai&s;e a Salivation.</P>
<P N="64">LXIV. A horn Cupping in&s;trument is highly e&s;tee|med among the <HI>Indians</HI> dwelling under the torrid Zone; who, as they were curing a young man &s;ick of the Colick, fir&s;t gave him a Cly&s;ter with their mouth, and pre&s;ently applied horn Cupping in&s;tru|ments to his Belly. And &s;ucking the Air out at the little hole, they &s;topt it pre&s;ently with their fin|ger, both to make the in&s;trument to &s;tick fa&s;t to the skin, and to get the wind out of the Bowels, which by the&s;e means the <HI>Barbarians</HI> did mo&s;t &s;ucce&s;sfully from the young man.<NOTE PLACE="marg">N. Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 49.</NOTE></P>
<P N="65">LXV. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays that the wind Colick is cured as by charm, (and <HI>Crato</HI> approves it) if a large cup|ping-gla&s;s with much flame be applied to the Belly near the Navel. Ob&s;erve, <HI>near,</HI> not <HI>upon</HI> the Navel, le&s;t &s;wooning follow, by rea&s;on of the commerce between the umbilical ve&s;&s;els and the heart. For a man certainly dies, if the skin be flayn off the Na|vel, although he may live if he be flayn all over be|&s;ides, a puni&s;hment very common among the <HI>Egyp|tians.</HI></P>
<P N="66">LXVI. This mixture is one of the highe&s;t &s;peci|ficks, which I have often u&s;ed &s;ucce&s;sfully: <HI>Take of Spirit of Wine</HI> 1 <HI>drachm, Spirit of Nitre between half a &s;cru|ple and half a drachm, Spring water</HI> 3 <HI>ounces. Let him take it, and being well covered, let him compo&s;e him&s;elf to &s;weat, and keep him&s;elf quiet:</HI> For it is the be&s;t way to lie &s;till, how difficult &s;oever it be.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman.</HI> p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ax. chym.</NOTE> This is good, e&s;pecially when the wind is enclo&s;ed between the membranes.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In the Colick, e&s;pecially if it pain a man about his &s;tomach, they &s;ay the broth of the juice of &s;weet Almonds is good, with &s;ome grains of long Pepper in Hippocras Wine. I have &s;een the pain laid with a cau&s;tick Pla&s;ter that would almo&s;t make an E&s;|char,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gallel. Bal|lu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius.</NOTE> and draw outwards, being applied near the Navel.</P>
<P N="2">2. They &s;ay it is a mo&s;t effectual remedy which is made of white Pigeons dung, boiled in water till half be boiled away, adding a little Dill &s;eed to 2 ounces of the liquor &s;trained, and &s;o drunk. &para; One man commends 2 ounces of Nitre, with an equal quantity of water and oil, given by Cly&s;ter; for it wonderfully draws out thick matter, and dry, compact Excrements. &para; The O&s;prey that dige&s;ts all it devours, has one wonderfull Inte&s;tine: It is e|vident that the extreme part of it tied to one, cau&s;es the Colick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> &para; The Guts of a Wolf dried and given in drink are a good Remedy.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Blolkwit|zius.</NOTE>3. I know a man who with the Spirit of Elder-Berries, as with &s;hewing a <HI>Gorgon</HI>'s Head, pre&s;ently di&s;cu&s;&s;es the Colick pain very familiar to him: It is of great virtue in this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">4. Mercury water given inwardly takes away the Colick radically, and it is thus made. The Mer|cury is fir&s;t reduced to a Water, into half of this water put crude Mercury purified, which is al&s;o converted into water, and mu&s;t a&s;cend. &para; Al&s;o Spirit of Turpentine given to 12 or 13 drops, is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy.</P>
<P N="5">5. In the wind Colick <HI>Me&s;ues</HI> commends <HI>Oleum de Ker|va</HI> as an admirable thing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> becau&s;e it di&s;cu&s;&s;es wind mo&s;t powerfully.</P>
<P N="6">6. An admirable Cly&s;ter, and experienced by me in the Colick, Take of Wormwood, Rue, Fenel, each 1 handfull, Salt 2 drachms, common Oil what is &s;ufficient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Seb. Corti|lio.</NOTE> Boil them, and make a Cly&s;ter; and anoint for &s;everal days.</P>
<P N="7">7. Speedwell is e&s;pecially commended, which cures the Colick &s;pecifically: It is boiled in Chicken Broth, and to 1 pound of the broth let half a pound of Malm&s;ey wine be added, and half a drachm of Myrrh, and &s;o given in a Cly&s;ter. &para; Take of tops of Sea-wormwood, Chamaemil, each 2 Pugils, white Frankincen&s;e 1 drachm. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of water, and to 4 ounces of the Colature add &s;ome Syrup of Chamaemil or Feaverfew, for 2 do&s;es, I have cured mo&s;t violent pains in the Inte|&s;tines and Stomach with it. &para; Oil of &s;weet Almonds drunk with Malm&s;ey wine is very good; I add half a drachm of fre&s;h <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and account it among my effectual and &s;ecret Remedies. &para; For pre&s;ervation from the Colick a Girdle of the Guts of a Wolf dri|ed is good, he mu&s;t be girt with it day and night. &para; The following powder hath been often tried by me in white wine; Take of Cinnamon 3 drachms, Ga|langale, <HI>Calamus Aromiticus,</HI> each 1 drachm, Bayberries 1 drachm and an half, Cummin&s;eed 2 drachms, burnt Hart&s;horn 1 drachm and an half, Juice of Rue half a drachm, Ani&s;eed, Fenel&s;eed, each 4 &s;cruples, Cloves half a drachm, make a powder; add <HI>&s;pec. diani&s;i</HI> 1 drachm and an half, Sugar 5 drachms, 2 &s;cruples. Make a powder. The following Pla&s;ter is famous in the Gripes; Take of <HI>Empla&s;t. de baccis Lauri, de Meliloto,</HI> each 1 ounce; mix them, make a ma&s;s with Oil of Chamaemil and Rue. &para; In the Colick and Iliack Pa&s;&s;ion 1 &s;cruple of Extract of <HI>Calamus Aromticus,</HI> ta|ken with &s;ome Syrup is very good. &para; In the be|ginning al&s;o a Decoction of Speedwell in wine with half a drachm of Myrrh may be drunk, when the pain is violent. &para; When no other Remedies would doe good, I cut &s;ome root of Ma&s;terwort, put it in a Gla&s;s of wine, and gave it to drink every day be|fore Supper, and the Pains began to cea&s;e. &para; <HI>Crato</HI> experienced the virtue of this Oil in &s;everal. Take of Gum <HI>Galbanum, Elemi,</HI> Ivy, Oil of Bays, each what is &s;ufficient, di&s;till it, and keep the fir&s;t water apart, then the clear Oil, thirdly the thick Oil. He applies this Pla&s;ter to the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Epiga&s;tri|um,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and &s;ucce&s;sfully di&s;cu&s;&s;es the reliques of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="8">8. Take of Malm&s;ey-wine, oil of Nuts, each 4 ounces, <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> 1 ounce, of di&s;tilled oil of Juniper and Rue 2 drachms; Mix them, give them hot. By this Cly&s;ter intolerable pains rai&s;ed by wind and vitreous phlegm are cured to a wonder. &para; Oil of Ground Ivy taken at the Mouth, or by Cly&s;ter, hath an admirable virtue in laying the Colick, and other <HI>Pains</HI> of the Inte&s;tines. &para; The Secret of <HI>Jo&s;eph</HI> the Jew; fill an earthen pot with Wormwood cut very &s;mall, pour &s;ome of the be&s;t Wine to it, &s;teep it 24 hours, then pour off one part of this macerated juice or liquour into another ve&s;&s;el, then &s;et what re|mains on the fire, and boil it, pouring on by little and little &s;ome portion of the liquour re&s;erved, till all the Wine be boiled away, you will find a red Powder &s;ticking to the &s;ides of the pot, which you mu&s;t &s;crape off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">audius Deodatus.</NOTE> and give of it three days in the morning as much as will lye on a Knifes point in &s;ome generous Wine; It takes away all Gripes.</P>
<P N="9">9. Among outward applications to a&s;&s;wage a Scor|butick Colick nothing is better than green Hen|bane boiled in Milk, put in a cloth, and applied to the Belly warm. &para; An ounce and an half, or 2 ounces of oil of &s;weet Almonds taken in &s;ome Chicken, or Pea&s;e Broth, is very good to a&s;&s;wage the pain, and remove the Convul&s;ions of the Inte&s;tines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Drawitzius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. The Quinte&s;&s;ence of a Fox-Cub, by a certain wonderfull faculty, quickly cures the Colick; yea, he that carries this <HI>Arcanum</HI> about him in a Gla&s;s-bottle well &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Pe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Faber.</NOTE> will never be afflicted with any pain in his Stomach and Guts.</P>
<P N="11">11. This is a mo&s;t excellent thing to allay pain; Take of the Powder of the Te&s;ticles of a Hor&s;e prepared 1 drachm, Powder of Ani&s;eed 1 &s;cruple. Mix them, give it in Wine, or Broth. &para; Al&s;o half a drachm of the Powder of the Sponge that is found on the wild Ro&s;e-tree, given in Wine is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;eca.</NOTE> &para; Al|&s;o a drachm of Rie flower may be given in Wine.</P>
<P N="12"><PB N="106" REF="59"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacob. Fon|tanus.</NOTE>12. If the Colick be cau&s;ed by Choler, it is an admirable remedy to drink 1 drachm and an half of dried Acorns in powder, in &s;ome Wine or Broth, with a few grains of Musk in curing of Men.</P>
<P N="13">13. This makes an excellent Bal&s;am for the Co|lick, if an oil be di&s;tilled from a mixture of half a pound of <HI>Galbanum,</HI> and clear oil of Turpentine, to which, afterward, put an ounce of oil of Lavender, and di&s;till it again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Freita|gius.</NOTE> it becomes a generous Bal&s;am, which circulated &s;ome time with Spirit of Wine, becomes mo&s;t excellent and penetrating, if with oil of <HI>Venice</HI>-Soap, and a few drops of Spirit of Cam|phire mixt with it, it be applied to the Navel.</P>
<P N="14">14. Wolf's dung powdered, and given in Wine is wonderfull good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galen.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">15. I have found in my practice this Pla&s;ter doe much good;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> Take of <HI>Empla&s;tr. de baccis Lauri</HI> 6 drachms, <HI>&V;nguent. de Arthanita</HI> 3 drachms, Nitre 1 drachm, Oil of Amber half a drachm. Mix them, make a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="16">16. An efficacious oil of Daffodil is made of Daf|fodil-flowers &s;teeped in Oil-Olive,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Lau|rembergi|us.</NOTE> which is proper, both anointed outwardly, and given in a Cly|&s;ter.</P>
<P N="17">17. An infallible Powder for the Colick; Take Crabs N^o 100. &s;et them in a new earthen di&s;h in an Oven, when the bread is drawn, but burn them not.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ortolphus Maroldus.</NOTE> Make a Powder. The do&s;e is a &s;poonfull or two in good &s;weet Wine hot, and the pain will a&s;|&s;wage by degrees. &para; This is a good experiment of <HI>Carpus;</HI> Take &s;ome Mou&s;e-dung made up with Oil-Olive into the form of a Che&s;nut, and lay it on the Navel.</P>
<P N="18">18. I have often had experience of Oil of Bay|berries, or Orange-Pills drawn with Wine by ex|pre&s;&s;ion:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panorolus.</NOTE> which being done, the Patients in a &s;hort time finding ea&s;e, fell a&s;leep, and recovered.</P>
<P N="19"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Paul|li.</NOTE>19. There is a &s;ingular Medicine made of that yellow bitteri&s;h membrane or coat, which mo&s;t clo&s;e|ly inve&s;ts the Kernels of Walnuts, 1 drachm of it powdered is given in Wine for the Colick, warm.</P>
<P N="20">20. Rotten Dung found in Stables, where Bea&s;ts pi&s;s, fried in Oil and applied, wonderfully ea&s;es the pain. &para; Let warm Sheeps-dung be long mixt with Goat's Sewet, &s;trow on it Powder of common Pitch. Mix them and apply it warm, without doubt it has a wonderfull effect. &para; A Cly&s;ter made of Dog's-turd boiled in Wine with a few Figs, ea&s;es the pain of the Colick and Stone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. David. Rula<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dus.</NOTE> &para; Hare's dung di&s;&s;olved in Wine and drunk, cures a de&s;pe|rate Colick.</P>
<P N="21">21. I do upon my credit profe&s;s, that I have in one day cured the Colick coming of phlegm with 2 drachms of <HI>Diaphoenicon,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sax<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nia.</NOTE> and 2 drachms of <HI>Spec-Hierae,</HI> and pre&s;ently took away the Pain.</P>
<P N="22">22. A Carminative Water made of Chamaemil is of great virtue in the Colick. &para; An Electuary, or mixture of Garlick is good in the Colick. &para; A Catapla&s;m of Chervil is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderus.</NOTE> &para; Ear-wax is a pre|&s;ent remedy for the Colick, if it be taken in drink.</P>
<P N="23"><NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hwent|field.</NOTE>23. A Lark with her feathers burnt to powder in an earthen pot, and three &s;poonfulls of it be drunk with hot water for two or three days, is an incre|dible remedy for the Colick, and all Pains of the Guts.</P>
<P N="24">24. Powder of the Huckle-bone of an Hog, burnt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> given in Wine, wherein Seed of Sermoun|tain and Chamaemil-flowers have been &s;teeped, I have often tried to be an effectual remedy in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="25"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Varigna<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE>25. A decoction of Coltsfoot in Water or Wine is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy.</P>
<P N="26"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Welkardus.</NOTE>26. The white part of Hens dung powdered, and given in Pan&s;ey, or Pimpernel-water, is a pre|&s;ent Remedy, e&s;pecially for children.</P>
<P N="27"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Zim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ra.</NOTE>27. Cinquefoil dried and powdered, and 2 drachms of it drunk in generous Wine is a pre|&s;ent Remedy.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Colica Hy&s;terica,</HI> or the Hy&s;terick Colick.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HI></P>
<P>THere is a &s;ort of Hy&s;terick di&s;ea&s;e, that vexeth &s;ome Women, and is &s;o exactly like a bilious Colick, as well in the &s;harpne&s;s of Pain, as in &s;itua|tion, even then al&s;o yellow and green humours be|ing ca&s;t up by Vomit; that I mu&s;t treat of it, le&s;t it be taken for the bilious Colick.</P>
<P>Women who are of a lax and crude habit of bo|dy, do contend with this evil above others; and they that have laboured &s;ometime formerly of &s;ome hy&s;terick affection; or (as it often happens) they that have &s;carce e&s;caped after difficult and labori|ous travel, by rea&s;on of a large Child, which hath too much exhau&s;ted the Mothers &s;trength and na|ture. A pain, very little milder than in the Colick and Iliack Pa&s;&s;ion, at fir&s;t &s;eizeth the region of the Stomach, and &s;ometimes a little lower, which is attended with enormous Vomitings, &s;ometime of green matter, and &s;ometime of yellow. And they accompanied (as I have often ob&s;erved) with greater dejection of mind and de&s;pair than in any other di&s;ea&s;e whatever. After a day or two the pain cea&s;eth, which, neverthele&s;s, within a few weeks, returns more cruel than the fit before. Some|time it is accompanied with a Jaundi&s;e con&s;picuous enough, which, in a few days, vani&s;hes on its own accord. All Symptoms cea&s;ing, when the Patient thinks her &s;elf well enough, the lea&s;t commotion of mind, whether it be rai&s;ed by anger or grief (to which, in this ca&s;e, Women are very &s;ubject) com|monly recalls the pain; the &s;ame may be &s;aid of walking, or any other exerci&s;e un&s;ea&s;onably under|taken, &s;eeing by &s;uch cau&s;es Vapours are elevated in a lax and infirm habit of body. When I &s;ay, <HI>Va|pours,</HI> whether they be &s;uch, or <HI>Convul&s;ions</HI> of parti|cular parts; the <HI>Phaenomena</HI> may equally be &s;olved either way. The&s;e Vapours, or Convul&s;ions, when they invade this or that region of the body, pro|duce Symptoms accommodate to the part they in|vade: And therefore, though they cau&s;e one and the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;e every where, yet they exactly re|&s;emble many, wherewith the wretches are torment|ed. Which is clear from this di&s;ea&s;e, that, when it po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es the parts adjacent to the <HI>Colon,</HI> is as like a bilious Colick as can be. Nor is it le&s;s apparent in many other parts of the body affected in the &s;ame manner, for example; Sometimes it affects one of the Kidneys with a mo&s;t violent pain, where|upon follows Vomiting; and &s;ometimes al&s;o the pain being carried along the duct of the Ureter, it re&s;embles the Stone; and when it is exa&s;perated by Cly&s;ters, and other Medicines, that are lithon|triptick, and de&s;igned to void the Stone, it long af|flicts the Patient after one and the &s;ame tenour, and now and then (which is contrary to its cu&s;tome, becau&s;e of it &s;elf it is without all danger) brings her to her grave. Moreover, I have &s;een Sym|ptoms produced by this di&s;ea&s;e, that were altoge|ther like the Stone in the Bladder. It is not long &s;ince I was called out of my bed one night to a Counte&s;s my neighbour, who was taken with a very violent pain in the region of her Bladder, and a &s;ud|den &s;toppage of Urine. And becau&s;e I very well knew &s;he was &s;ubject to divers hy&s;terick di&s;ea&s;es, and therefore gue&s;&s;ed &s;he was not &s;ick of that di|&s;ea&s;e &s;he took her &s;elf to be &s;ick of; I would not &s;uffer the Cly&s;ter to be given her, which her Maid was making ready, le&s;t her di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould thereby be increa&s;ed: but in&s;tead thereof, and of Emolli|ents, as Syrup of Mar&s;hmallows, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which the A|pothecary brought; I gave her a Narcotick, which pre&s;ently put a &s;top to that Symptome. Nor in|deed
<PB N="107" REF="59"> is any one part of the body altogether exempt from the a&s;&s;aults of this di&s;ea&s;e, whether internal or external, as the Jaws, Hips, Thighs and Legs; in all which it cau&s;es intolerable pain, and when it de|parts, leaves a certain tenderne&s;s, that cannot en|dure to be touched, ju&s;t as if the fle&s;h were &s;ore beaten.</P>
<P>But as I have by the bye delivered &s;ome things pertaining to the hi&s;tory of the Hy&s;terick Colick, le&s;t namely it &s;hould be mi&s;taken for a bilious one, &s;o I &s;hall by the way likewi&s;e touch certain things that make for the cure of the Symptome, the pain which accompanies it. For the radical cure, which takes away the di&s;ea&s;e, by taking away its cau&s;e, is for a|nother Speculation and Place.</P>
<P>Letting bloud and repeated Purgings, which are mo&s;t plainly indicated in the beginning of a bilious Colick, have no place here, except in the ca&s;e here|after mentioned. For experience teacheth, that the pain is exa&s;perated, and all other Symptoms grow more violent, being helped on by the tumult, which the&s;e things rai&s;e. And thus I have more than once ob&s;erved, that the repetition of Cly&s;ters, even of the gentle&s;t, has brought on a long train of Sym|ptoms. Rea&s;on al&s;o will &s;econd Experience, which tells us, that this di&s;ea&s;e is produced rather by &s;ome ataxy and inordinate motion of the Spirits, than by any fault of the humours; to wit, if we well con&s;ider tho&s;e circum&s;tances, to which, for the mo&s;t part, it owes its original; Such as are great and un|due profu&s;ions of bloud, violent motions either of mind or body, and things of the like nature. All which things forbid the u&s;e of tho&s;e remedies, whereby a greater perturbation of Spirits may be rai&s;ed; and in&s;tead of them Anodynes mu&s;t be u&s;ed, though the green and ill colour of the matter Vo|mited &s;eem to indicate the contrary: For the &s;pe|culation of Colours is too &s;ubtile and minute, to be able to give any authority to evacuations, which <HI>ip|&s;o facto</HI> we find hurtfull. And I do not at all que|&s;tion, but this di&s;ea&s;e (which though it cau&s;e much pain, yet never death) oftentimes becomes mortal, through errours committed upon this account. Be|&s;ides, if one &s;hould give a very &s;trong Vomit to day, that he may, as he thinks, get out the matter of the di&s;ea&s;e; the Patient will, the next day, Vo|mit matter as green and ill coloured as &s;he did be|fore.</P>
<P>Yet we mu&s;t take notice, that &s;ometimes &s;uch &s;tore of bloud and humours is found, that it &s;o far hinders the operation of the Narcotick, that be it never &s;o often repeated, it will never &s;top their fury, except the Patient be fir&s;t let bloud, or purg|ed; which I have ob&s;erved in Women of a more &s;anguine complexion, and in <HI>Viragoes.</HI> If the ca&s;e &s;tand thus, way mu&s;t be made for the Anodyne by letting bloud or purging, or it may be by both. For after either of the&s;e is done, the Narcotick, which, given in the highe&s;t do&s;e before, would doe no good, will now in a very moderate do&s;e obtain the effect for which it was de&s;igned. But this thing &s;eldom happens, and when it does, the&s;e remedies mu&s;t not be repeated. Which things being premi|&s;ed, we mu&s;t proceed in giving Anodynes, if there be occa&s;ion for them, in that method, which we propo&s;ed in the bilious Colick, and they mu&s;t be gi|ven more frequently or &s;paringly, according as the pain returns. Which method indeed onely re&s;pects the pre&s;ent and in&s;tant Symptome of mo&s;t violent pain:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> l. c. p. <HI>304.</HI></NOTE> for in this place I have not undertaken to treat of that, which oppo&s;es the Cau&s;e of the Di|&s;ea&s;e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Coma Vigil,</HI> or the waking Lethargy.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are given with benefit. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Idiopathick one mu&s;t have one cure, a Sympathick one mu&s;t have another. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Waking Lethargy is &s;eldom a Di&s;ea&s;e of it &s;elf, but is for the mo&s;t part a Sym|ptome, and follows other Di&s;ea&s;es, as a Fever Phren&s;ie, proper Lethargy, and &s;uch like: Where|fore it requires not a peculiar method of cure, one|ly there &s;eems to be a nece&s;&s;ity that other Cepha|licks be joined to the remedies primarily indicated, which may di&s;pell the&s;e Meteors of the Brain like Clouds and Lightning, or if both of them toge|ther (<HI>Waking</HI> or <HI>Sleepine&s;s</HI>) cannot be removed, let the Medicine take part with one of them, that be|ing made &s;tronger, it may conquer the other; &s;o that in a &s;leepy watchfulne&s;s, it is convenient to cau&s;e either perfect &s;leep, or perfect watchfulne&s;s. For in this ca&s;e I have often given Narcoticks with good &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. The Cure of a waking Lethargy, that is Idio|pathick, is performed by the &s;ame means, whereby a Phren&s;ie and a Lethargy u&s;eth to be cured; and if it incline more to a Phren&s;ie, the remedies for a Phren&s;ie mu&s;t be mo&s;t u&s;ed; but if it incline more to a Lethargy, then things proper for a Lethargy mu&s;t be mo&s;t u&s;ed. But the cure of a Sympathick <HI>Coma</HI> depends on the cure of the malignant Fever, whence it had its original. Yet Remedies that make revul&s;ion of tho&s;e Vapours from the Brain, mu&s;t peculiarly be u&s;ed in the beginning. And if any thing appear to be fixt in the Brain, Derivati|on by opening a Vein in the forehead,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> or by &s;et|ting Leeches behind the Ears, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mu&s;t be endea|voured.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Combu&s;tiones,</HI> or Burns.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether the Cure &s;hould be performed by Coolers? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Remedy that heals without any foot&s;tep of a Scar. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Bli&s;ters &s;hould be opened pre&s;ently? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The heat mu&s;t be extingui&s;hed with Internal things. <HI>IV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme, according to the thread-bare Axiome of Phy&s;icians, <HI>That Contraries are Remedies of their Contraries,</HI> think that Burns &s;hould be cooled, and therefore that Coolers &s;hould pre&s;ently be ap|plied to the burnt-parts; but this opinion hath its ri&s;e from a fal&s;e ground, namely, that Burning is onely Alteration, and an Induction of a hot quali|ty, when yet the very fire and its Atoms are com|municated to the burnt-parts, and an <HI>Empyreuma,</HI> as all mu&s;t confe&s;s, is brought upon it. For what is this <HI>Empyreuma</HI> but the &s;mall particles of the fire, which have in&s;inuated them&s;elves into the burnt-part? And Experience it &s;elf teaches, that Burns are not cured with cold things, but that by them, the fiery particles being repelled inwards, the Pain is increa&s;ed, inflammations yea, and Gangrene and Mortification is cau&s;ed; whereas hot things, that take out the <HI>Empyreuma,</HI> doe good: For even the Vulgar know, that the burnt places mu&s;t not be put in cold water, but rather held a while to the fire. Now Likene&s;s cau&s;es attraction, and the ex|ternal
<PB N="108" REF="60"> fire draws out the internal, and what is burnt into the part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>pract. l.</HI> 5.</NOTE> as <HI>Paraeus</HI> &s;peaks. &para; If contraction a|ri&s;e from a Burn, it will be cured by drawing out, and tempering the heat communicated to the part, and by altering as well the containing as contained parts, vitiated by the fire. Fat things draw out the fiery heat, as being the true fewel for fire: And Oil of Wallnuts and Rape&s;eed are commended above all other things. Acids allayed with a lixivious Salt, &s;uch as a &s;olution of red or white Lead made in di&s;tilled Vinegar: For the &s;harpne&s;s of the Vine|gar is taken off by the Lead changed into <HI>Ceru&s;s,</HI> or <HI>Minium,</HI> whereupon the Vinegar grows &s;weet: this Vinegar impregnated and edulcorated with the Lead, if it be &s;haked together with &s;ome Oil, will become a Mixture like an Ointment; for the Oil grows thick with the acid Spirit of Vinegar dulci|fied by the Lead: And while this Liniment is ap|plied, and the relicks of the fire penetrate the Oil, its force is more broken by the Acidity joyned with it. And the vitiated parts are corrected and amended of the burning, e&s;pecially by the acid Spi|rit joyned with the Fat. For &s;eeing the external fire does fir&s;t of all &s;eize the fatne&s;s and oiline&s;s of the parts of the body; when that is con&s;umed, their Lixivious Salt, that u&s;ed to be tempered with it, grows&s;harper, the acid Spirit vani&s;hing together with the fat. Whence it is manife&s;t, both the Oil and acid Spirit mu&s;t be repaired and re&s;tored, that the acri|mony of the Lixivious Salt may be tempered. Now both concur in the &s;aid mixture, wherein is &s;tore of Oil, and that tempered with an acid Spirit, but refract: Whence it is that the retorted Salt, does not make any efferve&s;cency upon meeting with the acid Spirit, becau&s;e broken; but is gently correct|ed by it, and reduced to its former temper. And the&s;e &s;ame things are not onely proper in Burns that cau&s;e &s;hrinking,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>prax. Med. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 23.</NOTE> but in all: For by the&s;e and the like Remedies I have &s;everal times cured Burns.</P>
<P N="2">II. Take Whites of Eggs, N^o ij. Oil of Ro&s;es 2 ounces; Mix them well, then let a piece of thin white Linen or Silk be wet in the Liniment, and applied to the burnt place, and let it not be taken off till the ail be healed; but every day twice or thrice at lea&s;t, let the Linen be wet again: After 4 days are over,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Omribonus Ferrariu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> Art. med. Infant. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE> in&s;tead of Whites take Yelks of Eggs, and &s;o let the u&s;e of it be continued, till it be skinned over again. Then, as a new skin comes, the dead skin mu&s;t by degrees be clipped off day by day, till it be all taken away; which done, no mark of hurt will appear.</P>
<P N="3">III. If Bli&s;ters and Pu&s;tules ari&s;e, and the Sore be not at all the wor&s;e, they mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be opened; for if they &s;hould, the place will &s;mart, becau&s;e the skin is laid bare, and the cure will pro|ceed more &s;lowly; but on the third day, when the skin begins to grow again, they &s;hould be opened, and the opening mu&s;t be deferred no longer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> le&s;t the contained humour grow &s;harp and erode the skin.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Heat may be re&s;trained at the &s;ame time inwardly: <HI>Digby,</HI> in his Treati&s;e <HI>of the Sympa|thetick Powder,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE> highly commends Spirit of Salt, as an excellent Bal&s;am for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. That hair may grow on burnt places;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aegineta.</NOTE> Take Fig leaves fried in Oil, and apply them with &s;ome Ointment in&s;tead of a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is wonderfull good for burns;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> Take of Verdigrea&s;e and Litharge of Silver, equal portions, mixt with Wine and Oil. Anoint with a Feather.</P>
<P N="3">3. Oil of <HI>Saturn</HI> is very good for Burns. &para; For Burning or Scalding, in Oil, Fire or Water; Take of Oil-Olive 2 ounces, Whites of Eggs No xvj. &s;hake them together, till they become an Oint|ment: anoint the place. There is not a better Medicine in Nature.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh Ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i|cula.</NOTE> &para; Take <HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> what is &s;ufficient, add Oil of Ro&s;es; Mix them, make an Unguent, anoint the place, within 24 hours it ex|tingui&s;hes the heat.</P>
<P N="4">4. For Burns; I have known people cured in 9 days, who have been burnt with Gunpowder or &s;ome o|ther way, with an ointment of pure and fre&s;h Oil of Nuts, mixt with as much Yelks of Eggs, anoint|ed on the burn twice a day. &para; A good Ointment al&s;o is made of the middle rind of Elder, cut and mixt with the fat of a Loin of Mutton, Oil-Olive, and Juice of Prick-Madam; or with Oil onely. &para; A wonderfull Oil for a Burn: Let fat boiling gently fall drop by drop upon Bay-leaves, anoint the burnt place with this Oil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Borel|lus.</NOTE> and in 3 days it will be cured, as by inchantment, though the place be very &s;ore Burnt.</P>
<P N="5">5. Take Water in which Quicklime is quenched, &s;hake it till it be thick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmaetae|us.</NOTE> with Oil of Nuts fir&s;t boil|ed, and anoint the place 7 days. It is a pre&s;ent Re|medy.</P>
<P N="6">6. Take fre&s;h Butter not &s;alted, boil it with Goo&s;e-dung, &s;train it over cold fair-water: Melt it again, and pour it on fair-water as before: The oft|ner this is done, of the greater virtue it will be: La&s;t of all, let it be wa&s;hed in Ro&s;e-water. Anoint the place with it, it pre&s;ently a&s;&s;wages the pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dorncr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lli|us.</NOTE> and cures old deep Ulcers cau&s;ed by Burning.</P>
<P N="7">7. The following Unguent powerfully draws out the Burn, and &s;uffers not Bli&s;ters to ari&s;e; Take raw Onions 2 ounces and an half, Salt, Venice-Sope each 1 ounce; Mix them; Add of Oil of Ro&s;es and of &s;weet Almonds, what is &s;ufficient. Make an Un|guent. &para; The Cure of the &s;econd degree of Burning; Pickle wherein Sauces are kept, made of Vinegar, Water and Salt; if cloths be dipt in it, and applied (but not to the eyes) doth wonder|fully repre&s;s the humours, a&s;&s;wage pain, and oppo&s;e the Burning. &para; This is a mo&s;t excellent Unguent for all Burns; Take of fre&s;h Butter wa&s;hed in Ro&s;e|water 3 ounces, Oil of Olives, Eggs, Sweet Al|monds, each half an ounce, Barly-flower 2 ounces and an half, Saffron 1 drachm, Mucilage of Quince-Seeds 1 ounce and an half, Wax what is &s;ufficient. Make an Ointment. It mollifies, lays pain, and, by little and little, brings a Cicatrice. &para; This is a mo&s;t excellent Unguent in all Burns. Take of <HI>Dia|palma</HI> Pla&s;ter 2 ounces, fat of a Hen, a Goo&s;e, each half an ounce, melt them; add of burnt Alume, cal|cined Lead, Litharge of Gold, <HI>Lapis Calaminaris</HI> each 1 drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gul. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> with as much Mucilage of Quince-&s;eed and Faenugreek as is &s;ufficient in a Leaden-Mortar, make an Unguent.</P>
<P N="8">8. A Man's Face that was burnt with Gunpow|der, was re&s;tored and healed with Butter of <HI>Saturn,</HI> pre&s;ently applied with Spirit of Henbane and Man|drake, and Ro&s;e-water, the&s;e Remedies being often changed, that they might take off the acrimony of the burnt Nitre. The pain cea&s;ed within three or four hours; and within &s;ix or eight days he was perfectly cured, onely with Butter of <HI>Saturn</HI> and Yelks of Eggs. And the Butter is made thus; Of red or white Lead, or Litharge well boiled in Vi|negar, that Vinegar filtred is joined with Oil of
<PB N="109" REF="60"> Violets, o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> of Yelks of Eggs; and the&s;e two, with much &s;haking, are converted into a Butter, which is called Butter of <HI>Saturn.</HI> It is a &s;ecret for all burns. &para; The earth of Quick-lime, deprived of all its Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joan. Pe|trus Faber.</NOTE> by many wa&s;hings, is a very effectual Remedy, if it be mixt with Oil of Violets.</P>
<P N="9">9. A Boy of mine, being &s;ick of the Small Pox, fell in the fire and burnt his eyes; but after I had made a Mucilage of Quince Seeds in Ro&s;e-water, and anointed his eyes often with it, the Child re|covered to a miracle, without any mark of burn|ing:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> Which Remedy I have al&s;o u&s;ed with &s;ucce&s;s in others.</P>
<P N="10">10. Oil of <HI>St. John's wort</HI> mixt with wa&s;hed Lime, is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy in any Burn, though it be with Gunpowder. &para; If the hands or feet be &s;cald|ed, hold them a good while in &s;trong Vinegar, or apply Linen-clothes dipt in Vinegar, and not &s;train|ed out: for it allayes pain and heat, and hinders Bli&s;ters. &para; The Juice of Onions is reckoned al&s;o a mo&s;t excellent Medicine; or raw Onions pounded with Salt and applied; but this mu&s;t be done in the very beginning, while the Skin is whole, and not excoriated; otherwi&s;e it would doe much harm. &para; If a Burn be cau&s;ed by Shot, Take of Litharge a quarter of a pint, boil it gently in an Iron fry|ng-pan, till the Vinegar ta&s;t &s;weet; then &s;eparate it for u&s;e. Take of this Water 1 ounce, in which di&s;&s;olve of Nitre 1 drachm, Camphire 1 &s;cruple. Mix them, make an Unguent, which mu&s;t be in|jected hot into the wound by a Syringe, and a tent mu&s;t be covered with this Bal&s;am; Take of Oil-Olive half a pound, Turpentine 4 ounces, be&s;t White-wine a pint and an half, Flowers of <HI>St. John's-wort</HI> 3 handfulls, Mullein a handfull and an half, Red|ro&s;es, Chamaemil, each 1 handfull, le&s;&s;er Centaury 1 handfull and an half, Celondine Flowers half an handfull, Self-heal 1 handfull: Draw off the Wine by an Alembick in a&s;hes, then &s;train the Oil from the Flowers, put fre&s;h Flowers again to it, and di|ge&s;t it for a month in the Sun. This is a mo&s;t pow|erfull Bal&s;am in all wounds. &para; This al&s;o is admi|rable;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sam. Hefen|refferus.</NOTE> Take Oil-Olives 3 ounces, put to it &s;ome El|der, or Ro&s;e-Vinegar, &s;hake them, till they come to the con&s;i&s;tence of an Unguent. Anoint the Sore with this Ointment.</P>
<P N="11">11. Take Ly made of Quick lime, and common Salt, put to it a little Oil of Hemp-&s;eed, Olives, Lin&s;eed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Athan. Kir|cherus.</NOTE> and &s;ome Whites of Eggs, let them be all well &s;haken together, and the burnt place anoint|ed. It heals without all pain, leaving no Scar be|hind, as <HI>Semienovius</HI> te&s;tifies.</P>
<P N="12">12. I have anointed the &s;ore place with Cows|dung mixt with Lin&s;eed-Oil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kornthave|rus.</NOTE> and heated over the fire, and it did a great deal of good.</P>
<P N="13">13. An admirable Pla&s;ter for a Burn. I have u|&s;ed &s;everal things, and I approve of nothing above this: for as &s;oon as it is applied it a&s;&s;wages pain, afterwards it takes it away, and pre&s;ently heals with infinite celerity;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scribonius Largus.</NOTE> Take of Litharge of Silver a a pound and an half, Hogs-lard purified a pound and an half, Pontick Wax a pound and an half, &s;ix Yelks of ro|&s;ted Eggs, which you mu&s;t brui&s;e and mix with the Li|tharge powdered; Melt the Wax with the Lard, then let them cool, and afterwards mix all together.</P>
<P N="14"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Amatus Lu|&s;itanus.</NOTE>14. Take Bay leaves, let &s;ome burning Bacon drop upon them from on high, till the Leaves be turned into a&s;hes, let the A&s;hes with the fat be re|duced to the form of an Unguent; Anoint the burnt place twice a day: and you will find it whole in five days.</P>
<P N="15"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus.</NOTE>15. Moi&s;t Clay (if the burn be not deep) ap|plied to the place is an ea&s;ie and good remedy.</P>
<P N="16">16. Take &s;calding hot Butter, pour it on cold Water, &s;hake them &s;o long together, till the But|ter be like Snow.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paracel&s;us.</NOTE> Separate it from the Water and keep it. Anoint the Burnt place all over thrice or oftner a day. It certainly cures any Burn.</P>
<P N="17"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Praevotius.</NOTE>17. Oil wherein Red Poppy Flowers have been infu&s;ed for a year in the Sun, is admirable.</P>
<P N="18">18. Water di&s;tilled off the leaves and roots of Fern is exceeding good, if applied with clothes wet therein. &para; Take of Phlegm of Vitriol and Alume each half a pound, Mullein flowers, and black Ivy-leaves each 1 handfull, of Snails, Frogs, Crey|fi&s;h, each N^o. x. di&s;till them in a Leaden Alembick in a &s;ufficient fire.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Quercetanus</NOTE> Foment the burnt place with this Water five or &s;ix times a day.</P>
<P N="19">19.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus.</NOTE> Anoint with Oil of Sulphur morning and evening, apply <HI>Empla&s;t. Dia&s;ulphur.</HI> and the pain will pre&s;ently cea&s;e, and the Sore heal.</P>
<P N="20">20. If the Skin or Beard be Burnt by a Shot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schraed. Querc. <HI>redi|viv.</HI></NOTE> this is a good ea&s;ie Medicine; for it hinders Bli&s;ters, and breeds Hair; Take the Juice of Onions roa&s;ted in A&s;hes, wherewith anoint the Burnt or bare place three or four times every day.</P>
<P N="21">21. A Chirurgeon anointed a Man's Face that was Burnt with Gunpowder, with this &s;ingular Ointment four times a day, and in a weeks time he cured that huge Burn, without any Scar; Take of Fre&s;h Butter often melted and wa&s;hed in Water, of Frog-Spawn 6 ounces, Oil-Olive 2 ounces;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tus.</NOTE> Mix them, make an Ointment.</P>
<P N="22">22. Take live Crabs, as many as you plea&s;e, as much Fre&s;h Butter as is &s;ufficient, boil it and &s;cum it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> put in the Crabs brui&s;ed in a Mortar; boil them till they grow red, afterwards &s;train it and keep it for u&s;e. It is very effectual.</P>
<P N="23">23.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zimara.</NOTE> Nothing is better than a Glew made of the Ears and Genitals of a Bull.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Contractio, Convul&s;io, Convul&s;ivi Mo|tus;</HI> or, Contraction, Convul&s;ion, or Convul&s;ive Motions.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When Bloud &s;hould be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging not proper for every one. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Fever may be cau&s;ed? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether pouring on cold water be good? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When hot things are proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Salivation. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening a Vein in the back for the <HI>Tetanus. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An univer&s;al one requires &s;ingular Medicines. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A long one and &s;tiffne&s;s of Limbs cured. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one cau&s;ed by puncture of a Nerve, or tendon, in bloud-letting. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Wry-Neck. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Contraction cau&s;ed by Worms. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Convul&s;ion of the <HI>Abdomen. XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Convul&s;ion and Trembling cau&s;ed by the Fume of Quick&s;ilver. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THat you may know, when in people con|vul&s;e bloud &s;hould be let, you mu&s;t di|&s;tingui&s;h, whether the body be full of humours, yet wanting a Fever, or be accompanied with a torpid refrigeration: Or again, whether the body be lean and void of Excrements. So, when a Fe|ver has preceded, or is coming on, through abun|dance of humours, and a prohibited di&s;charge, bloud mu&s;t be let, yet not always in the beginning: For it &s;hould be deferred, till the den&s;e Skin be opened, and the humours be made thin by the force and efficacy of the febrile heat; otherwi&s;e you mu&s;t ex|pect taking away bloud will doe hurt; for this is the chief rea&s;on, why Men commonly fear to let tho&s;e bloud, that are cooled. But if this happen in a full body, we mu&s;t not &s;cruple to begin with bloud-letting; for whatever Refrigeration proceed, it is manife&s;t &s;uch bodies are convul&s;e, becau&s;e dai|ly Efflux being prohibited, puts the bloud in fu&s;i|on, cau&s;es greater Repletion, and &s;ometimes Convul|&s;ion.
<PB N="110" REF="61"> Be&s;ides, unle&s;s you fir&s;t evacuate the body, you cannot u&s;e topick remedies without danger. Therefore you mu&s;t go the middle way, and at fir&s;t you mu&s;t bleed more &s;paringly, as while the torpid Refrigeration is very urgent (in which <HI>Hippocrates in Coacis</HI> forbids bloud-letting) although the Fever in|crea&s;e, yet we mu&s;t u&s;e hot remedies at the fir&s;t ac|ce&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, whereby the humours that are concrete with cold, wanting &s;pirit and heat, and therefore as it were immoveable,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> may return to their former natural &s;tate, &s;o as to run freely by opening a vein.</P>
<P N="2">II. Convul&s;ions that are without any inward In|flammation or Ulcer, and come of the redundance of Humours, may be cured by Purging: But &s;uch as fol|low a burning Fever, or Phren&s;ie, or any plentifull E|vacuation, or inward Inflammation, or cau&s;ed by Ul|cers, are hurt by nothing more; for a Purge doth, by evacuation, dry the Nerves, and by its evil quali|ty, irritate: After a burning Fever, or evacuation, the Nerves are dry: They that are convul&s;e by wounds, are puft up as with a <HI>Phlegmone;</HI> and crude Inflammations are hurt by the agitation, which Pur|ges rai&s;e, and yield not to vacuations. I remem|ber a certain per&s;on, who, when after a Phren&s;ie he was taken with Convul&s;ive Motions, did, contrary to my mind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, 5. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 476.</NOTE> by the advice of another, take a Purge, and a little while after, no evacuation fol|lowing, died.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Hippocrates, Aph.</HI> 57. 4. &s;ays, A Convul&s;ion is cured by a Fever following, and <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem, Sect.</HI> 5. he advi&s;es, if a Fever come upon a Woman in Childbed, to rai&s;e a Fever, which mu&s;t be under|&s;tood of a Convul&s;ion from Repletion, which is fa|miliar to Women in Childbed, &s;o a Fever is not im|proper, as it con&s;umes the Humours, and dries the Nerves. But &s;eeing a Fever once kindled (which the <HI>Arabians</HI> allow to be an <HI>Ephemera</HI>) cannot be &s;o moderated, as not to tran&s;gre&s;s its Limits (for a &s;mall one is to no purpo&s;e) and oppo&s;e the di&s;ea&s;e, and not hurt Nature, we mu&s;t think of &s;afer remedies, and indeed of bloud-letting in Childbed-Women, which may be more &s;afely done, becau&s;e it is with|out &s;u&s;picion of Putrefaction, which it is the na|ture of a Fever to cau&s;e. Be&s;ides, more &s;trength is required to undergo a Fever, than letting of bloud.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5 <HI>Aphor.</HI> 21. and 3 <HI>de morbis,</HI> in a <HI>Te|tanus</HI> without an Ulcer, approves of a large profu&s;i|on of cold water in the heat of Summer, which <HI>Ga|len</HI> accommodates to other kinds of Convul&s;ions, that is, by help of the innate heat forced inwards, which con&s;umes the matter of the di&s;ea&s;e, or by &s;haking the Body, and &s;o removing the Humour &s;ticking to the Nerves. <HI>Paul</HI> &s;ays, that this remedy is di&s;approved by latter ages: Yet <HI>Vale&s;cus de Taran|ta, l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 21. u&s;ed it, and cured two of a <HI>Tetanus</HI> in this manner; He cau&s;ed the Patient to be held upright by four Men, and poured 24 Buckets of Water up|on his neck, and all his lower parts, and pre&s;ently &s;et him before the fire, and half an hour after anoint|ed him from his neck to the end of his Back-bone, his Loins and Arms, with <HI>&V;nguentum Dialthaeae, Martia|tum, Agrippae,</HI> and oil of Ca&s;tor, afterwards he gave him &s;ome Chicken-broth to drink; and &s;o they both recovered.</P>
<P N="5">V. Hot things are not convenient for a Convul|&s;ion cau&s;ed by an Impo&s;thume; nor for one cau&s;ed by a hardne&s;s left in the conclu&s;ion of an Impo&s;t|hume, becau&s;e &s;o the thick Humours turn as hard as Stone; nor for that which is cau&s;ed by a hot Vapour, or biting. It remains therefore, that they are good for one cau&s;ed by crude and phlegmatick alimental humours, not for crude ones, and &s;uch as are unfit for coction, which hot things would make harder. Which <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>aphor.</HI> 29. explains, &s;aying, that a Fever cures a convul&s;ion cau&s;ed by gluti|nous and cold Humours, whereby people are nou|ri&s;hed: For &s;uch Humours grow thin by virtue of hot things, and partly turn into &s;weat <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd vapour, and partly into the &s;ub&s;tance of the thing nouri&s;hed; but crude and vitreous Humours, with hot things, do turn into knots and <HI>Scirrhi.</HI> They err al&s;o, who in a convul&s;ion, cau&s;ed by alimental phlegm, u&s;e hot things; becau&s;e neglecting method, they con&s;ider not the cau&s;e, and what is urgent: For it often comes to pa&s;s, that the virtue of the Nerves is &s;o weak, that it can doe more in indicating its own pre&s;ervation, than the phlegmatick cau&s;e can in its removal. For <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>aphor.</HI> 2. &s;ays, Hot things re|&s;olve the &s;ub&s;tance of the Nerves. Experience hath often taught me,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ctori<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">,</HI> M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th. V. E. l. <HI>15.</HI> c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> that people convul&s;e through re|pletion with cold Humours have been killed by u&s;ing hot things.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Military Man had his whole right Arm &s;hot off with a Cannon-Bullet. When it was cured, a kind of Convul&s;ion followed, in which the Head was drawn to the right-&s;ide, and his Jaws quivered. He advi&s;ed with &s;everal, and when I came to him, and he related to me all his Ails, it came into his mind, that &s;ome latent Venereal Poi&s;on might pro|duce this Evil: for he &s;aid, before he was wound|ed he had a violent Gonorrhoea, which neverthe|le&s;s was perfectly cured. I therefore advis'd him to try the Remedies for the Pox; and having fir&s;t Purged and Sweat him, I rubbed him with Mercuri|al Ointment, which rai&s;ed Salivation;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ozias A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|mar, <HI>apud</HI> Riverium, <HI>ab&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> and after the third day of his Salivation, tho&s;e Contractions and Convul&s;ions cea&s;ed, and the Patient was never trou|bled more with that di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In a <HI>Tetanus</HI> and other Convul&s;ions of the neck, <HI>Rondeletius, l.</HI> 1. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 37. &s;ays, That a vein &s;hould be opened, which is &s;een &s;tand out in the fir&s;t <HI>vertebra</HI> of the Neck. &para; <HI>Mercatus, l.</HI> 1. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 15. confirms it, in a Convul&s;ion ari&s;ing from thick and vi&s;cid humours, which being opened, he &s;ays, All the phlegmatick humour, that contracted the Mu&s;cles, is drawn out by derivation from the Neck: But that vein is ob&s;cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 33.</NOTE> by rea&s;on of its &s;mallne&s;s, and in dignity gives place to the axil|lar.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. As to what concerns the way of Cure in general, to be u&s;ed for the&s;e &s;trange Convul&s;ions, it will not be ea&s;ie either to a&s;&s;ign Remedies equal to the&s;e Herculean Di&s;ea&s;es, or a method of cure that is certain and confirmed by frequent experi|ence; for be&s;ides that the&s;e ca&s;es &s;eldom occur, we may moreover ob&s;erve, that the &s;elf-&s;ame Me|dicines, which did this Patient good at this time, will doe another, or the &s;ame at another time, no good at all. The rea&s;on whereof &s;eems to be, by rea&s;on the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in the di&s;cra|&s;ies of the nutritious juice, which liquour is not al|ways perverted one and the &s;ame way; but it gives a different &s;ort of morbid di&s;po&s;ition out of the ma|nifold combinations of Salts and Sulphurs, and now and then it changes it. Wherefore in &s;uch mo&s;t grievous affections, not every common Medicine in an Apothecary's Shop mu&s;t be u&s;ed, but <HI>Magi&s;tralia,</HI> and things proper for the occa&s;ion, mu&s;t be pre&s;cri|bed, according to the appearances of the&s;e &s;trange Symptoms. A gentle Vomit, Purging and Bleed|ing, may fir&s;t be celebrated; and may be repeated &s;everal times, as there &s;hall &s;eem occa&s;ion. And as for Specificks and Medicines appropriate to &s;uch ca|&s;es, &s;eeing the chief Indication is to amend the <HI>cra&s;is</HI> of the Nervous Juice, we may try &s;everal things, and &s;earch out their Virtues by their ef|fects, therefore it is lawfull to try, what remedies endued with a Volatile or Armoniack Salt, can doe. To this purpo&s;e, Spirit and Salt of Hart&s;horn, Bloud, Smoak, Flowers and Spirits of <HI>Sal</HI> Armoniack may be u&s;ed. When the&s;e things doe no good, we may come to Chalybeates, Tinctures, and Solutions of Coral and Antimony may be given. Which &s;ort of Medicines mu&s;t be given in &s;uch a do&s;e and form, and &s;o often, as that they may make an alteration in all the bloud and Nervous Juice. Moreover, if
<PB N="111" REF="61"> &s;uch things have no &s;ucce&s;s, we mu&s;t proceed to A|lexipharmacks, which are good again&s;t the poi&s;on and malignity communicated to the humours. It is very probable,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> Pa|tholog. Cer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">, c. <HI>9.</HI></NOTE> Medicines that are good for peo|ple bit by a Viper or mad Dog, or &s;uch as are ta|ken inwardly again&s;t Banes and Poi&s;ons, may al&s;o be of u&s;e in the above-&s;aid Convul&s;ions. See al&s;o the method of <HI>Gr. Hor&s;tius</HI> in his Tract <HI>de morbo convul&s;ivo epidemio.</HI> &para; Add to the&s;e things made of Cinnabar, who&s;e efficacy <HI>Hofman</HI> extolls, in his <HI>Clavis Schraederia|na,</HI> again&s;t the Epilep&s;ie, and all grievous di&s;ea&s;es of the brain and nervous kind, <HI>p.</HI> 291. &amp;c. where is the de&s;cription of the Cephalick Specifick of <HI>D. Joh. Michael. p.</HI> 293. <HI>Wedelius in Pharmac.</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Ga&s;per de Roulla</HI> lay contracted in his bed a whole year, but the la&s;t five Months of the year wholly immoveable, he could not move a foot, head or arm, nor any thing el&s;e: for be&s;ide his great pain, his limbs were as &s;tiff as a &s;tone, and it was mid-Winter. It is well known I cured him in for|ty days, to the a&s;toni&s;hment of all that &s;aw him. I thus cured him; I ab&s;tained from all Ointments, by the u&s;e whereof e&s;pecially, when his body was not purged before as it &s;hould be, the di&s;ea&s;e came to &s;uch an height. I let him bloud thrice, although with extreme difficulty, becau&s;e his arms were con|tracted, nor could he &s;tretch them out: for his neck, legs, back and arms were as &s;tiff as a &s;tone or &s;tick. While I had him in cure he often de&s;paired of health, &s;o that he was willing I &s;hould de&s;i&s;t from the cure, for the fir&s;t 25 days he found not the lea&s;t relief. He was cured by the Mar&s;hal's cure, but as I &s;aid before, being thrice let bloud, not onely by rea&s;on of the greatne&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, but becau&s;e I gue&s;&s;ed from his cour&s;e of life, and the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, that his whole ma&s;s of bloud was corrupted. Nor did my judgment in this thing fail me at all, for all the bloud that came from him was corrupt. His neck &s;tood awry, as a remainder of &s;o great a Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cardanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Whenever a particular Convul&s;ion has its ri&s;e from a puncture of a Nerve or tendon, as it &s;ometime happens, either through the Chirurge|on's unskilfulne&s;s, precipitancy, misfortune, or di|&s;turbance of his mind, while he is letting bloud, then, as &s;oon as can be, warm Oil of Turpentine, with rectified Spirit or Wine mu&s;t be put into the wound, as <HI>Paraeus Chirurg. l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 38. writes, was done with good &s;ucce&s;s to <HI>Charles</HI> the Ninth King of <HI>France.</HI> &para; My Wife underwent the like misfortune in the year 1669, although a very skilfull Chirurgeon let her bloud; for forcing his Lancet too deep into the median vein, he prickt the tendon al&s;o that lay un|der it; in a few days after a &s;tiffne&s;s and inability to motion in her arm followed, hereupon a contracti|on, and knot, or a <HI>Ganglion.</HI> By &s;ome bodies ad|vice, to which I agreed, &s;he received the bloud of a Hor&s;e, which dropped from a Vein opened in his Neck upon her Arm, whereupon, in a little time, &s;he was able to &s;tretch out her Arm. The remain|ing Knot was di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by applying a Pla&s;ter of Gum <HI>Elemi.</HI> See the Affections of the Nerves, <HI>Book</HI> 12.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Boy from his birth held his head towards his left &s;houlder, becau&s;e one of the &s;econd pair of Mu&s;cles, or that Ligament which bends the head and neck forwards, was too &s;hort or crooked, which ill-favoured figure of his immoveable tran&s;ver&s;e-head, not being reduced to its natural &s;tate by any means, it was agreed that <HI>G. Straten</HI> &s;hould cut that tough band athwart, which twined the head &s;o much upon the &s;houlder. He began the Cure with a potential Cau&s;tick, then he directed his knife a|bove the Collar-bone, from the Ear to the Throat, but either &s;lower, becau&s;e of the toughne&s;s of the Scab, or more timorou&s;ly, becau&s;e of the nearne&s;s of the Jugular Veins and Arteries, than the nature of that tendon and the Nerves required; which therefore being hurt rather by pricking than cut|ting, a violent Convul&s;ion of the Neck, Face and Hands pre&s;ently followed, which, notwith&s;tanding, immediately cea&s;ed, when he forced his knife deeper in, and more couragiou&s;ly cut all the Mu&s;cle that was in fault: The cutting whereof pre&s;ently re&s;to|red the perfect u&s;e of an erect figure to the head, and the liberty of moving it &s;elf every way: Which neverthele&s;s, le&s;t he &s;hould abu&s;e, the Head was &s;wathed about every way with rollers, which, when the wound was healed, being removed, that inveterate inclination to the affected &s;ide did re|main for &s;ome while; &s;o difficult it is to correct long Cu&s;tome. Whoever therefore hereafter you be, that &s;hall put your &s;elf on &s;o doubtfull and ha|zardous an enterprize, do not de&s;pair, but what has been once done may be done again; but know, that three things e&s;pecially &s;hould be avoided, and 1. That you rai&s;e not a Scab on the Skin, which is &s;o far from ea&s;ing the pain, that it rather hinders the &s;ight, and the knife from cutting. 2. Le&s;t by ra&s;h cutting you rather kill than cure your Patient. 3. You mu&s;t endeavour not at another time, and by turns, but altogether and at once, yet cautiou&s;ly to cut the whole Mu&s;cle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pius, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 57.</NOTE> on which lies the main &s;tre&s;s of the Cure. Which Animadver&s;ion certainly, as it will be a credit to the Chirurgeon, &s;o it will be of no &s;mall benefit to the Patient.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A Boy five years old had enjoyed his health very well till he was four; about the beginning of the fifth he began to grow ill, with decay of &s;trength and innate heat, at length a lingring Fever, and a &s;welling in his belly took him, which were followed with contraction of his Arms; but of his Feet e&s;pecially, &s;o that he could neither &s;tand nor goe any more. I &s;uppo&s;ing that Worms were the cau&s;e of this change, took <HI>Riverius</HI> his way of cure, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 16. to kill them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Melchior. Fribe. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n cur. an.</HI> 72. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 63.</NOTE> which I did with good &s;ucce&s;s, and at one time I brought nigh thirty away; and the days following, but at &s;everal times, I brought away above forty, &s;o that the Boy could in a &s;hort time after &s;tand and walk.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. The Nerves of a Man's Belly are &s;eldom contracted; yet more frequently than &s;ome Phy&s;i|cians take notice, believing that all pain in the bel|ly is cau&s;ed either by &s;harp choler, or by wind di|&s;tending the Gut-<HI>Colon:</HI> But the unequal di&s;ten&s;ion of the belly, and the &s;trait contraction of the rigid Mu&s;cles, do clearly enough argue, that more than the Guts do &s;uffer. A Matron had gathered in her cold and moi&s;t &s;tomach plenty of crude phlegm, which, although Medicines carried it off, in&s;inuated it &s;elf by degrees into tho&s;e &s;en&s;ible Nerves, which the Spinal Marrow di&s;per&s;es, both through the Membrane encompa&s;&s;ing the belly, and through the Mu&s;cles lying next upon it. Which being be&s;et with this crude matter, a remarkable Convul&s;ion of her Belly did torment her, e&s;pecially if &s;he were with child, and at night. Which pain of hers notwith|&s;tanding &s;carce ever left her, till the cau&s;e were purged as it ought by <HI>Mechoacan</HI> root, or the &s;harp Vapour thereof, and the wind that oppre&s;&s;ed her heart were di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, either by <HI>Mithridate</HI> given her to drink in the evening,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;</HI> 22. <HI>l</HI> 3.</NOTE> or by giving her a Cly&s;ter betimes before her torment came. Which way of cure evinces, that this Convul&s;ion had its original from crude and flatulent phlegm.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. One, after he had taken the fume of mol|ten Tin at his mouth and no&s;trils, was &s;uddenly ta|ken with an <HI>Opi&s;thotonos,</HI> and then with a mo&s;t grie|vous <HI>Tetanus,</HI> &s;o that he could neither open his mouth nor &s;wallow any thing. <HI>D. Brambachius</HI> orders <HI>Pal|marius</HI> his Cordial Water to be forced down, but his throat denies it pa&s;&s;age; He al&s;o pre&s;cribes Cly|&s;ters, he orders fumes of Sulphur (thinking it an Alexipharmack for Quick&s;ilver) and Inunctions for the neck of proper things; but all in vain, for he died in twenty hours. &para; So a certain Gold&s;mith, as he was gilding &s;ilver Cor&s;lets,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph. Salmut<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 39.</NOTE> and did not take care, as he ought to have done, of the fume, was taken with a &s;haking in all his Limbs, and was per|fectly
<PB N="112" REF="62"> re&s;tored onely by the u&s;e of Stapedian Trea|cle-Water, having tried other things in vain.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In a Convul&s;ion cau&s;ed by a wound in the head, this is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy; Take Oil of Snails, Worms, <HI>Se&s;amum,</HI> each 1 ounce and an half, Fat of a Wether, a Fox, each 1 ounce, Spirit of Juniper Wine 4 ounces. Mix them and &s;tir them upon the coals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agrico|la.</NOTE> till the Spirit be wa&s;ted; then add Oil of Chamaemil, Lin&s;eed, each 2 drachms, Oil of Amber 1 drachm. Mix them, make an Unguent, wherewith anoint the neck. &para; It is very good to hold the bone of a Phea&s;ant's-wing a while in the hand on that &s;ide, where the Convul&s;ion is.</P>
<P N="2">2. Ca&s;tor is the mo&s;t &s;ecure, ready and effectual Remedy of all. &para; Goat's-pi&s;s al&s;o drunk with wa|ter fa&s;ting is very good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Donat. <HI>ab</HI> Altomari.</NOTE> &para; Al&s;o if you take equal parts of Ca&s;tor, White-Pepper, and Par&s;ly, and beat them together, and take them in a Spoonfull of Ho|ney, and two or three &s;poonfulls of Water fa&s;ting. It is an excellent remedy for them that have the Con|vul&s;ion backwards, and has been tried by often ex|perience.</P>
<P N="3">3. In a Convul&s;ion from repletion, a drachm or two of <HI>Con&s;ectio Anacardina</HI> is commended above all other things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;. Claudinus.</NOTE> if a Fever be to be rai&s;ed. &para; Take a fat live Goo&s;e, draw her, let a Cat cut &s;mall (&s;ome add an Eel al&s;o) old Bacon, Myrrhe, Time, El|der and Capital herbs be &s;owed in her belly, then let her be ro&s;ted; and let the &s;econd fat that drops be kept for an Ointment.</P>
<P N="4">4. This Unguent is good for the Cramp; Take of fre&s;h Goo&s;e-grea&s;e 4 ounces, Oil of Cloves half a &s;cruple,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> of Cinnamon 5 grains. Mix them.</P>
<P N="5">5. Oil or Spirit of Turpentine applied both inward and outward, takes away all Cramps and Convul&s;i|ons, with which the Spine, the Navel, and the other parts affected mu&s;t be anointed. &para; Water-Lily with red and white flowers, dried in the &s;hade, and hung on the bed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aud. Deodatus.</NOTE> or the wall, in a moment of time cures all Convul&s;ions, as <HI>Carichterus</HI> te&s;tifies.</P>
<P N="6">6. Take old Treacle, Con&s;erve of Rue each 2 drachms, Oil of Box 10 grains. Make an Electua|ry; The do&s;e is a &s;mall Pill twice a day. It is a very profitable Medicine, which has a Specifick quality;<NOTE PLACE="marg">R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">deric. a Fon&s;eca.</NOTE> and Oil of Box has a great prerogative in this di&s;ea&s;e; yea, and you may anoint the be|ginning of the Spine, the Temples and the Wri&s;t with the &s;ame Oil.</P>
<P N="7">7. I learned of an excellent Swimmer, that Beetles were admirable good for Cramps and Con|vul&s;ions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">K<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rcherus.</NOTE> who always anointed his nervous parts with Oil of Beetles.</P>
<P N="8">8. Take of Oil of Amber half an ounce, Muci|lage of Briony what is &s;ufficient, Oil of Cloves 6 grains. Mix them, anoint the place, with the root of its Nerve,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ber h. Peno|tus.</NOTE> and it will pre&s;ently be di&s;&s;olved, repeat it, and pre&s;ently wrap the part in a We|ther's Skin new flain.</P>
<P N="9">9. Among Topical Medicines, Oil or Bal&s;am of <HI>Galbanum</HI> is an excellent one. &para; A Weezle ro&s;ted in the belly of a Goo&s;e, as the Cat was, is good. &para; Sulphureous Bathes are good. &para; This Electu|ary is highly commended; Take of Ca&s;tor, <HI>Saga|penum, Opoponax</HI> each 1 drachm, <HI>Succus Cyreniacus</HI> 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Acorus, Scordium,</HI> each 2 drachms, three Peppers, Schaenanth, Caroway, each 2 drachms, <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> a ro&s;ted Squill, each 1 drachm, Juice of <HI>Stoe|chas Arabica</HI> 1 ounce, Honey what is &s;ufficient, let, what ought, be beaten, and mixt with Honey of Ro&s;emary.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Make an Electuary. The do&s;e is half a drachm in Mede.</P>
<P N="10">10. The following Powder leaves a wonderfull ef|fect; Take of the Root of Swallow-wort, Devils-bit, Elecampane, Poeony, Mace, Cloves, each 1 drachm and an half, Bay-berries half a drachm, Ro&s;emary-flowers, Sage, Mother of Time each 15 grains, <HI>Spec. Pleres archon. Diamo&s;chi dulcis, Diambr.</HI> each half a Scruple. Make a Powder. The do&s;e 1 drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augu&s;t. Thonerus.</NOTE> with Water of Poeony, Black Cherries each 1 ounce and an half.</P>
<P N="11">11. For a Convul&s;ion ari&s;ing from the Head-ach, I applyed this wonderfull, efficacious and mo&s;t u&s;e|full Ointment, often tried by me in &s;uch ca&s;es, which I have ever found &s;ure in a <HI>Tetanus,</HI> and in contractions of the Nerves; Take of old Oil 4 pounds, Betony, Elder, Sage, each 1 handfull, Roots of Mar&s;hmallow, <HI>Acorus Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> each 1 ounce, Earth-worms wa&s;hed in Wine 3 ounces, <HI>Opopo|nax,</HI> Ca&s;tor, each 3 drachms, Flowers of Ro&s;emary <HI>Stoechas,</HI> each 1 Pugil, Red-Wine half a pound, Juice of Sage, Betony, each 2 ounces. Let all boil to the con&s;umption of the Wine and Juices. Strain and pre&s;s it hard. Add of Fat of a Bull, a Duck, each 2 ounces, the Marrow of a Calf's-Leg 4 oun|ces, Mucilage of Faenugreek 3 ounces, of both the <HI>Stoechas's,</HI> Nutmeg, Cloves, each 2 drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Val|leriola.</NOTE> Wax what is &s;ufficient. Mix them, make an Unguent, which I ordered to be applied hot over the Neck.</P>
<P N="12">12. This is an incomparable Catapla&s;m; Take of Root of Mar&s;hmallow, Bryony fre&s;h, each 2 ounces, Mandrake 1 ounce, Leaves of Green Hen|bane, Mallows, each 1 handfull. Boil them in Milk. To them ma&s;hed add of Lin&s;eed, <HI>P&s;yllium,</HI> and Quince-&s;eed, each half an ounce, the Fat of a Dog, a Goo&s;e, each 1 ounce, Oil of &s;weet Almonds, fre&s;h-Butter, each half an ounce, Bay-berries 2 drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Weikardus.</NOTE> Saffron half a drachm. Make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cordis Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Heart. (See Palpitation, Book <HI>14.</HI> Swoon|ing, Book <HI>17.</HI> and Book <HI>19.</HI> Cordials.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In the Cure of a hot di&s;ea&s;e hot Medicines are convenient. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Worms in the Heart. <HI>II.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Medicine.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. ALthough in cold Di&s;ea&s;es of the Heart, Hot things are ab&s;olutely convenient; yet in hot Di&s;ea&s;es &s;imply Cold things are no way expedient, but things remis&s;ly hot. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e when we would change the hot complexi|on, we are not content with coolers, by rea&s;on the &s;ub&s;tance of the Heart con&s;i&s;ts of innate heat, which mu&s;t not be extingui&s;hed, but coroborated. And therefore for the pre&s;ent the con&s;ervation of &s;trength is principally re&s;pected, Becau&s;e the Heart is the Workhou&s;e of life and heat. Therefore,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Conciliator Enucleatus. Sect. <HI>196.</HI></NOTE> al|though in re&s;pect of a cold di&s;ea&s;e, hot things be indicated, neverthele&s;s, in re&s;pect of the part affect|ed, moderate, and not exce&s;&s;ive Heaters are requi|&s;ite. And for this rea&s;on Cordial Medicines, though they be hot, mu&s;t never be neglected in Di&s;ea&s;es of the heart.</P>
<P N="2">II. Without doubt Worms are bred in the heart and in its Caul. This Di&s;ea&s;e is very familiar to Virgins, and is known by prickings and pains of the heart, and by Worms voided and not voided. Con|vul&s;ion is the Diagno&s;tick. Common Cordials, whe|ther hot or cold, can doe little or nothing in the Cure. In the beginning, before there be Convul&s;i|ons, <HI>Bezoar</HI>-Stone may doe &s;omething, if it be given
<PB N="113" REF="62"> with Salt of Tan&s;ie, or of Dittany of <HI>Crete,</HI> or the common, from 4 grains to 8. The Specifick Cure is &s;uch. Let the Worms be fir&s;t purged away with this; Take of Quick&s;ilver purified, and then mor|tified with fa&s;ting-&s;pittle, or juice of a Lemon, a|bout a Scruple, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es half an ounce, powder of <HI>Benzoin</HI> 2 grains. But if any Man be a|fraid to take this, let him onely infu&s;e 1 drachm or 2 in cold water over night, and pour it off next morning and drink it; or let him take 2 or 3 ounces of di&s;tilled-water of Onions, or Garlick: for the&s;e things, if they expell not the Worms, kill them at lea&s;t. And when the Worms are voided, if the Convul&s;ion-fits return (which is a mo&s;t certain &s;ign of a Worm in the heart) let Specifick Extracts be given, as of Garlick, Hor&s;e-radi&s;h, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, of each 1 Scruple, in &s;ome Broth or Pottage, where|in Hor&s;e-radi&s;h has been &s;teeped before. By this method they are quickly cured. If extracts be not at hand,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartmannus</HI> P. Chr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. c. <HI>111.</HI></NOTE> let a like quantity of all the Juices be mixt together, and 2 or 3 &s;poonfulls be taken every morning. And their Salts rightly prepared doe the &s;ame thing.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>A Medicine e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by an eminent Phy&s;ician.</HEAD>
<P>Take &s;ome Juice of Garlick, Hor&s;e-radi&s;h, and Water-Cre&s;&s;es, give it, and the Patient will pre&s;ent|ly be cured; Believe one that has experienced it, it is true.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="4" TYPE="book">
<PB N="114" REF="63">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK IV. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> D.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Deglutitio lae&s;a,</HI> or, The Swallowing hurt.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cure of &s;trange things &s;wallowed, either &s;ticking in the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus,</HI> or got into the Stomach. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Oe&s;ophagus</HI> freed from ob&s;truction. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One that could not &s;wallow, &s;u&s;tained by Injections in at the Mouth. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it hurt by the ulcerated Jaws. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Pipe may be u&s;ed to get down Food, that cannot other|wi&s;e pa&s;s. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHAT things contrary to nature are &s;wallowed, either come into the Stomach, or &s;tick in the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus.</HI> This is an In|&s;tance of the former. A Maid eighteen years old, as &s;he was eating, &s;wal|lowed a bra&s;s Pin, with the Point downwards, which &s;ticking in the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus,</HI> created cruel Pain. When &s;he had tried &s;everal things, and continued a whole year in this Condition, the Pin was by my advice thru&s;t into her Stomach with a Shoomaker's Wax candle, thru&s;ting it gently twice or thrice a-day, and anointing it fir&s;t with Oil of &s;weet Almonds, which was done without pain, and quickly after it got into the Stomach: It has given no more trouble as yet.</P>
<P>A Woman, as &s;he was cheapning goods, held a Farthing in her mouth, and having forgot it, as &s;he was eating a peice of Cake that was offered her, &s;he &s;wallowed it before &s;he was aware. Then &s;he had a dull pain and Copperi&s;h ta&s;te in her &s;tomach. I being con&s;ulted, becau&s;e for &s;ome rea&s;ons I would not give her a Vomit, ordered her con&s;tantly to u&s;e &s;lippery and fat things, and gave her from &s;ix to nine drops of rectified Spirit of Salt twice a-day, &s;o that by little and little the ill ta&s;te was abated, and in a while the &s;ad &s;en&s;ation cea&s;ed. Here it happened, as <HI>Theophra&s;tus,</HI> in his Book <HI>of Fire,</HI> &s;peaks, <HI>pag.</HI> 142. <HI>That the Stomach melts money.</HI> And acid Spirits are not &s;o hurtfull to the Stomach; but they le&s;|&s;en the weight of Bra&s;s and Silver, by getting out their Vitriol, &s;o that afterwards they may pa&s;s the Guts more ea&s;ily.</P>
<P>A Boy of twelve years of age &s;wallowed an Im|perial Spani&s;h Half-crown, that he had in his mouth, which &s;tuck in his throat, the Chirurgeon tried as much as he could to get it out, but all in vain; &s;o that he was forced to drive it into his Stomach; which being done not without much trouble, care was taken of the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus,</HI> which was pained and almo&s;t wounded, by giving Traumaticks and Pare|goricks. The Patient in the mean time, as &s;oon as the money was received into his Stomach, was ve|ry well, onely he had a pain in his throat, and &s;wal|lowed with difficulty; nor has he found any trouble to this day, the Silver having remained now nine years fixt in its place.</P>
<P>A Boy three years old, when he had put two Links of a bra&s;s Chain an inch long in his mouth, &s;wallowed them unawares, and as they &s;tuck in his throat he roared out for pain; but as &s;oon as they were got into his &s;tomach, he &s;eemed to all no|thing, but ate and drank heartily. His carefull Pa|rents &s;earched the excrements every day for &s;everal weeks, but in vain; for they found nothing, &s;o they certainly concluded, they were by little and little wa&s;ted in the &s;tomach. But the excrements were never ob&s;erved to recede from their natural &s;tate. The Boy lives now very well in health.</P>
<P>A Boy five years old, when he had &s;wallowed a leaden Seal, that u&s;es to be fa&s;tned to Cloth, was troubled with grievous pain till it got into his &s;to|mach;
<PB N="115" REF="63"> and was cured by giving him di&s;tilled Vine|gar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolfg. Wedelius, <HI>Mi&s;c. cur. an.</HI> 1672. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 141.</NOTE> whereas at fir&s;t his Parents were afraid of his life; yet nothing of &s;o broad and thick a piece could be ob&s;erved to be voided; but he is now ve|ry well. And it was the be&s;t advice to give him di|&s;tilled Vinegar, becau&s;e by di&s;&s;olving the body of <HI>Saturn</HI> it turned it into Sugar.</P>
<P N="2">II. One being very hungry, was eating a boiled Hog's-foot, and a piece of it with the bone &s;tuck in his throat for two days. A Chirurgeon turned a long piece of iron Wire like a Hook at the end, put it down his throat, by the Hook whereof the piece of the foot was caught,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 71.</NOTE> and with main &s;trength drawn out of his throat.</P>
<P N="3">III. A man being taken with a true Quin&s;ey, had the upper orifice of his &s;tomach &s;o clo&s;e &s;hut with the Inflammation, that he could &s;wallow nothing at all. While Remedies were u&s;ing, that he might be able to bear plentifull Bloud-letting and other Re|medies, for reparation of &s;trength a <HI>Catheter</HI> was put into the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus,</HI> and a Syringe fitted to it, by which Broths were got into his &s;tomach, and Me|dicines al&s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>3.</HI> Ob&s;. <HI>72.</HI></NOTE> by help whereof he was cured of his Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. One asked my advice, &s;aying he was trou|bled with Wolves in his No&s;e. (<HI>Flanderkins</HI> calls Snot concrete in the No&s;trils, <HI>Wolves,</HI> which Nur&s;es take out of Children with Pins heads) and moreover, that he had &s;ome pain in his Jaws, which reached to the middle of his left Ear, and that he &s;wallowed Wine with pain. I told him, I thought, he had an Ul|cer in his Throat, and we mu&s;t take more care of that than of his No&s;e; and when I opened his Jaws with a <HI>Speculum oris,</HI> I ob&s;erved all his Palate, and great part of the <HI>&V;vla</HI> hugely ulcerated. That the pain of his Ear depended on this, no man, that knows Anatomy, can be ignorant. The Ulcer of his Jaws being fir&s;t clean&s;ed with <HI>Fallopius</HI> his Water, and he thinking he was not cured fa&s;t enough, <HI>D. D. Nollens</HI> promi&s;ed him a mo&s;t &s;ecret Remedy pre&s;ently, and applied di&s;tilled Butter of Antimo|ny. I found this at the fir&s;t view, becau&s;e upon the lea&s;t touch of the Liquour it turned into a Powder as white as Snow. Truly this hath great virtue in Venereal Ulcers, Rotten Bones, and the like, and cures in a &s;hort time, as it here appea|red.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heers, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 28.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. When Patients cannot &s;wallow, a Pipe mu&s;t be put down the throat, that they may take &s;ome food. But when there is an Inflammation in the part, it is too much irritated; therefore it is my advice, not to u&s;e the Pipe but on urgent nece&s;&s;i|ty. I &s;hould rather approve that &s;ome &s;ort of Pipe might be made which may be put near the throat, and al&s;o a clean Bladder full of &s;ome nouri&s;hing Drink, which may be fa&s;tned to the Pipe, and the Bladder &s;queezed with &s;ome violence, as in giving Cly&s;ters, that &s;o the Drink may be forced into the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Capi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">acci|us, <HI>l</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 53.</NOTE> I have &s;een &s;ome re&s;tored by this Pipe who have been de&s;paired of as &s;tarved. See <HI>Angina.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Delirium,</HI> or, Raving.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Cured by giving Meat. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cea&s;ing upon voiding Worms. <HI>II.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Medicine.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MAdam <HI>N</HI>'s Maid fell into a <HI>Delirium,</HI> &s;o that &s;he knew not what &s;he &s;aid. Pre&s;ently tho&s;e that were by, thinking &s;he was &s;ei&s;ed with &s;ome very grievous Di&s;ea&s;e, tried many things. But after &s;he had taken &s;ome Meat, &s;he was pre&s;ently cu|red: for &s;he confe&s;&s;ed it proceeded onely from Fa|&s;ting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Borel|lus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 87. <HI>c nt.</HI> 3. Bauhi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <HI>ob&s;.</HI></NOTE> which &s;he had enjoined her &s;elf for three days, upon I know not what account.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Girl, near <HI>Xeres de Guadiana,</HI> twelve years old, fell into a Raving, which, after &s;he had voi|ded Worms, &s;uddenly cea&s;ed.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>A Medicine e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by an eminent Phy&s;ician.</HEAD>
<P>I have found by mo&s;t faithfull experience, that ma|ny who could not &s;leep for Raving, have found be|nefit by anointing with cold Oil of Violets, and applying an <HI>Oxyrrhodinum</HI> upon it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Dentium affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Teeth.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Tooth-ach mu&s;t not be cured one way alone. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cau&s;e u&s;ually gives place onely to Purging. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is often exa&s;perated with hot things. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may u&s;e Narcoticks in the Tooth-ach cau&s;ed by a Va|pour? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To ea&s;e it, where Cau&s;ticks and Intercipients &s;hould be ap|plied? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A periodical one cured by burning the Ve&s;&s;el that conveys the Hu|mour. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Tooth-ach that precedes the coming of the genuine Teeth, how it may be cured? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Repellents are not always proper. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Death upon putting a Narcotick in a rotten aking Tooth. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by opening a Vein in the Palate. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of opening the Artery of the <HI>Antitragus</HI> in a vio|lent Toot-ach. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by cauterizing the Cartilage of the Ear. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Tooth-ach cured by opening the <HI>Saphoena. XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Oil of Vitriol to pre&s;erve the Teeth from rottenne&s;s. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what a rotten Tooth &s;hould be &s;topt? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether rotten Teeth &s;hould be pulled out? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they may be burnt with a Cautery? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Correction of Rottenne&s;s. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Loo&s;e ones mu&s;t be fa&s;tned with Fire. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Over-long Teeth, that are not fa&s;t, may be fa&s;tned by cutting off what is &s;uperfluous. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be pre&s;ently drawn. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>E&s;pecially in Old men. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they fall from Children, the Roots mu&s;t be pre&s;erved. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what Cautions they mu&s;t be drawn? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether another can be put in the room of one that is pulled out? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Death cau&s;ed by &s;hortning a Tooth. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Fungus</HI> growing in the hole of a drawn Tooth, mu&s;t be rooted out. <HI>XXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE Teeth ake, either becau&s;e of a flatu|lent Spirit inclo&s;ed about the Roots of them, which is a&s;&s;waged by a Decoction of hot Herbs in Wine; al&s;o by Treacle di&s;&s;olved in Wine: Or becau&s;e of a Defluxion of hot humours, where|with when cold ones are mixt, the pain indeed is not &s;o violent, but has as it were certain intervals, yet it frequently returns. And this medly of hu|mours (as it happens al&s;o in the Gout) is the rea|&s;on, why the mo&s;t approved Remedies do not &s;o much mitigate as increa&s;e the Evil, unle&s;s the Phy|&s;ician know well the nature of the humours, where|by the pain is cau&s;ed, and temper his Medicine ac|cording to the pre&s;ent affection. There is al&s;o ano|ther rea&s;on, becau&s;e in this Di&s;ea&s;e, as in all others which come of Defluxions, tho&s;e things that are
<PB N="116" REF="64"> good in the Increa&s;e, are good for nothing when the Defluxion is at the height, much le&s;s will they be convenient in the beginning. When the unskil|full ob&s;erve this, their experiments often fail them (except they be Narcoticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato <HI>apud</HI> Scholtzium, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 75.</NOTE> which ever take away pain, but never without hurt either of the part grieved, or of &s;ome one near it.)</P>
<P N="2">II. The Tooth-ach exerci&s;ed me for &s;everal days, e&s;pecially near dinner time, when the Stomach, be|ing empty of meat, draws all the Juices from the re&s;t of the Body on every hand, that can come. To ea&s;e it therefore, when I had taken a Purge, as &s;oon as my Stomach was turned, I voided above a pound of Water, and that &s;incere and pure; &s;o that I lived ten years after free from it. And being informed by this experiment, whoever complained to me afterwards of the Tooth-ach, I per&s;uaded them to neglect tho&s;e Remedies, People commonly wa&s;h their mouths withall,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Carolus Pi|&s;o,</HI> de collu|vie &s;ero&s;a, l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> and fir&s;t of all to take an Hydragogue, which always an&s;wered expecta|tion.</P>
<P N="3">III. Medicines de&s;igned to cure the Tooth-ach, are mo&s;t of them hot: but Practice &s;hews that &s;uch pain comes from &s;harp bloud or a hot di&s;tillation. Therefore Phy&s;icians mu&s;t go warily to work, le&s;t being deceived by the common opinion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">haeus <HI>a|pud</HI> Schenc|kium.</NOTE> they cre|ate more trouble to the Patient by their hot Mouth-waters, than they procure ea&s;e of their pain.</P>
<P N="4">IV. I think it by no means advi&s;eable to u&s;e Nar|coticks in the Tooth-ach, for the Vapour is too much congealed and thickned, and by congealing we doe no more, than turn a little ea&s;e into a more difficult Di&s;ea&s;e. But if an intolerable and immen&s;e pain torment the Patient, and the Phy&s;ician be for|ced to comfort Nature with this &s;ort of Remedy, I advi&s;e, that the Narcotick virtue be corrected by Heaters, and that at the &s;ame time we have re&s;pect both to the Symptome and the Cau&s;e, which may very well be done thus; Take of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Pepper, each 1 &s;cruple; <HI>Opium,</HI> half a &s;cruple; tie them in a Rag; infu&s;e them two or three hours in very &s;harp Vinegar, and apply them to the tooth. Or, Take of Henbane-&s;eed, Staves-acre, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> each 1 &s;cruple; Powder them very fine; Take one &s;cruple of this Powder, and with the &s;tronge&s;t Vinegar make it into a Pill, which may be held to the tooth an hours time. It wonderfully lays the pain indeed, and breeds no Intemperature, to &s;peak on; though it were more de&s;irable to take away the pain onely by Di&s;cutients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus. <HI>Phy|&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hiae, c.</HI> 14.</NOTE> if it could be done.</P>
<P N="5">V. In the upper Jaw an Artery creeps along the <HI>Antitragus</HI> of the Ear; where it may be burnt, and an a&s;tringent Pla&s;ter may be applied to this place and to the Temples, to intercept the flux of humours to the Veins: An Artery creeps nigh the Angle in the lower Jaw,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enchirid. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE> and it mu&s;t be burnt where it beats, or Topicks mu&s;t be applied when the Teeth ake in the lower Jaw.</P>
<P N="6">VI. To cure and prevent a periodick Tooth-ach, <HI>Spigelius</HI> burnt that part of the <HI>Anthelix</HI> which imme|diately touches the upper part of the <HI>Tragus</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s, and then healed the wound again. By this new Chirurgery, that branch of the Carotid Artery that reaches from the <HI>Anthelix</HI> of the Ear to the Teeth, is cut athwart, &s;o that the afflux of hu|mours being intercepted,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Scultetus,</HI> Arm. Ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. ob&s;. <HI>28.</HI></NOTE> the pain returns no more. The Authour tried the effect of this Remedy fir&s;t in him&s;elf, and then in others.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Tho&s;e are the Genuine Teeth, which fir&s;t ap|pear before Pube&s;cency and u&s;e of Venery in Peo|ple, &s;ometimes with cruel torture. A thing which the le&s;s-ob&s;erving Phy&s;icians neglect, and either pull out &s;ome other Teeth, or, per&s;uading them&s;elves that they are troubled with &s;ome fault in their hu|mours, choak their Patients with Pills and &s;uch &s;ort of Medicines; whenas no more pre&s;ent Remedy could be given the pained Parties, than a light &s;ca|rification of the Gums upon the la&s;t tooth, and &s;ometimes a piercing of the bone. This very thing I now find true in my &s;elf, who in the &s;ix and twen|tieth year of my age, while I write the&s;e words, have my two and thirtieth tooth coming. And &s;e|veral Skuls which we meet with in Church yards argue the &s;ame,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ve&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lius,</HI> de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> br. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> in which the latter teeth yet lye hid as in a Cave, and in &s;ome they are ju&s;t piercing the mo&s;t tender bone with their tops.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. There is need of Caution in Re<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ellents, e&s;pecially if they be applied to the Jaws: for though if the matter fly back into the tooth, onely repel|lent Mouth-wa&s;hes may be u&s;ed without danger; yet if the matter be more plentifull, &s;o that it po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;es the Jaws al&s;o, Repellents cannot be applied &s;afely, to the Jaws e&s;pecially, &s;eeing they may drive the matter inward to the Throat, and &s;o choak the Patient. So <HI>Vale&s;c. de Taranta</HI> relates, how one that was troubled with the Tooth-ach in his Grinders, and with a Swelling in his Jaw, had Oil of Ro&s;es and Vinegar applied to it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and fell into a Quin&s;ey, and died.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A Senatour of <HI>Venice,</HI> becau&s;e of the violence of his Tooth-ach, would ca&s;t him&s;elf a-&s;leep by putting in &s;ome Opiate Oil to the tooth:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex Bene|dictus, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> but in&s;tead of Sleep, he committed him&s;elf to his brother Death.</P>
<P N="10">X. Some have made mention of opening the ou|ter Veins of the Palate in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head and Face, Jaws, Throat, Teeth and Mouth. <HI>J. &agrave; Retham. in Ta&s;cic. Med.</HI> wrote a Hi&s;tory of a Woman, who had endured a bitter Tooth-ach, and &s;he could find no ea&s;e in Repellents and other Medicines, &s;he was wonderfully relieved by this Phlebotomy. And (&s;aith he) the&s;e Veins are apparent, which yet mu&s;t be opened after being bled in the Cephalick,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us,</HI> M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. <HI>5<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> and when the matter is dige&s;ted, and not crude.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Small Arteries go from the <HI>Carotides</HI> into the Auricle, the greate&s;t of which creeps by the <HI>Anti|tragus</HI> and <HI>Anthelix,</HI> and a&s;cending the upper Jaw, &s;up|plies every tooth with vital bloud, with which &s;harp humours flowing thither are often the cau&s;e of a mo&s;t violent Tooth-ach, which I have often &s;een cu|red to a Wonder, by artificial cutting that branch in the <HI>Anthelix.</HI> Which is well ob&s;erved al&s;o by <HI>Bau|binus:</HI> And <HI>Riolanus</HI> tells,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diemer|breck, <HI>An. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> how he &s;aw a Man in <HI>Paris</HI> who got a great deal of money by curing that way: And I &s;aw &s;uch an one in <HI>Gelderland.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. Onely the Cartilage which is extended a|thwart the Ear, being cauterized,<NOTE PLACE="marg">La<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">francus.</NOTE> is wont to re|move the Tooth-ach.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> of a &s;anguine complexion, and ruddy countenance, being troubled with a vio|lent Tooth-ach, by the advice of a Phy&s;ician of <HI>&V;lm,</HI> got her &s;elf let bloud in the foot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augu&s;t. Thonerus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> as &s;he &s;ate in hot water, &s;uffering the bloud to run till &s;he fainted, and &s;he found ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Among all things which pre&s;erve the Teeth from Rottenne&s;s, Oil of Vitriol whitens the mo&s;t, and is commended, if it be mixt with Water, be|cau&s;e it hurts not the pure and &s;ound fle&s;h, but takes away onely the putrefied. Yet they find fault with it, who are ignorant of the true u&s;e of it: but they that know how to u&s;e it, give it &s;uccesfully in great Di&s;ea&s;es, though not in all; for a drop or two mixt with Sugar or Honey of Ro&s;es clean&s;es the teeth ad|mirably, and helps putrid Gums,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 75.</NOTE> with Ulcers in the mouth.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A piece of meat, e&s;pecially if it be &s;weet, if it be kept in a hollow tooth, putrefies, and &s;o cau|&s;es pain, or encrea&s;es the &s;tink and ero&s;ion. Where|fore you will find it be&s;t both from rea&s;on and ex|perience to fill a hollow tooth, le&s;t ought get in, which may touch that &s;en&s;ible part. It may be fil|led with Ma&s;tick chewed till it be &s;oft: for if hard things be put in, they will cau&s;e pain. Some fill their teeth with Wax; but in my judgment they doe ill, becau&s;e it hath an emollient faculty, e&s;pe|cially if it be new. But if we would u&s;e it, we mu&s;t mix Salt or Alume; or &s;omething el&s;e that dries
<PB N="117" REF="64"> and binds, e&s;pecially if the Tooth water; or white Wax rather, becau&s;e it is drier, and hath an ad&s;trin|gent quality from its preparation; or, red Wax, which, by rea&s;on of the Cinnaber, prepares the teeth, &s;o that they may be either more ea&s;ily pulled out or broken:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 83.</NOTE> yet green Wax is more laudable; which dries vehemently becau&s;e of the Verdigrea&s;e, Afterwards you mu&s;t u&s;e other driers; le&s;t &s;uch things as clean&s;e the teeth do at length fret them with their acrimony. If there be Putrefaction, add Myrrh, if Stink, Musk or Cotton wherein Musk is kept: except in &s;uch as are &s;ubject to the Head|ach, or <HI>Vertigo:</HI> becau&s;e they are hurt by Smells.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Ancient Phy&s;icians do not well agree about pulling out a tooth, although the mo&s;t think a faulty and corrupt one &s;hould be pulled out. <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratus</HI> thinks they ought not upon a &s;light occa&s;ion be pulled out, and he produces this as a te&s;timony for his opinion; Among the <HI>Low-Dutch,</HI> in <HI>Apollo</HI>'s Tem|ple, a leaden pair of Pliers to draw teeth was hung up, to intimate, that a tooth &s;hould not be pulled out, unle&s;s it were loo&s;e, &s;o as it might be pulled out with a leaden pair of Pincers, that is, without violence. Which if in any part of it be rotten or faul|ty, what is faulty may be &s;craped off, and what is &s;ound may be left.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius, <HI>Perioche</HI> 5.</NOTE> And, indeed, it mu&s;t not light|ly be pulled out, unle&s;s it be corrupt, all rotten and loo&s;e, if there be an Inflammation of the Nerve un|der it, on which danger may depend: for when the tooth is pulled out, the Nerve is free, and not pre&s;|&s;ed, but tran&s;pires and admits convenient Reme|dies. In corruption, you mu&s;t con&s;ider how much it is, for &s;ometime it is &s;uperficial and onely near the end; then &s;ome part of it may be filed off, while the root is &s;ound. &para; <HI>Vale&s;cus de Taranta</HI> doth &s;carce allow of drawing a tooth; fir&s;t, becau&s;e of chewing; &s;econdly, becau&s;e when one is pulled out, the de|fluxion goes to another, and &s;o one tooth may be pulled out after another till a man have not a tooth in his head. But although he may be allowed his way in the Tooth-ach from a defluxion, where the matter flows by ve&s;&s;els common to &s;everal teeth: yet in corrupt teeth, and e&s;pecially when the mat|ter that runs out of the rotten teeth cau&s;es a Swel|ling or Ulcer in the Jaw, there is no other way of cure, but to draw the tooth: for then there is no fear, le&s;t the adjoining tooth &s;hould be corrupted, becau&s;e &s;uch corro&s;ion comes not from a fre&s;h de|fluxion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> but from one that is pa&s;t long ago.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Hollerius</HI> allows of Cauteries; <HI>Sennertus</HI> thinks the u&s;e of them &s;carce &s;afe; becau&s;e of the exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e of the Nerves, fearing le&s;t other parts &s;hould &s;ympathize. Yet I could never ob&s;erve any harm follow: the onely fear is, le&s;t the parts adjoining, as the Lips, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;hould be burnt. With this Precau|tion a red hot Iron may be put in the hole &s;afely: Let the Patient &s;et his foot upon the Chirurgeon's, and let him pre&s;s it, that the Chirurgeon may take away his Iron, if perchance it &s;hould hurt him.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We &s;ee multitudes in this Climate tor|mented with the Tooth-ach, becau&s;e of corroded and hollow teeth. I fill the hollow of the teeth with Turpentine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Pa|chequus, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 65.</NOTE> and then apply an actual Cautery, with very good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. An Infirmity and loo&s;ne&s;s of teeth happens to many from a &s;harp di&s;tillation. All vulgar Phy&s;i|cians treat this evil onely with &s;typtick things, which &s;carce doe any good. The onely Remedy is Fire, indicated by <HI>Hippocrates, l. de aff. n.</HI> 5. and by <HI>Rha&s;es,</HI> who burn the roots of the teeth with a hot Iron. <HI>Gariopontus,</HI> with a Copper Nail. What I &s;ee no man el&s;e doe, I have tried in two hundred, both cu|ring the Tooth ach and in Fa&s;tning loo&s;e teeth. I will here &s;hew the fa&s;hion of the Iron, which is fa&s;tned to a long handle, and is half an inch broad, and two inches long, but bent, &s;o as it may be fitted exactly to the Convexity of the teeth. But it mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, that this Chirurgery may very opportune|ly be tried, when the parts fir&s;t begin to langui&s;h, but when the teeth are loo&s;ened from their roots,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. effic. pag. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> Burning will &s;carce doe any good.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Teeth, as the re&s;t of the Bones, con&s;i&s;t of &s;mall Fibres, but very hard and compact ones, run|ning length-ways. By the in&s;en&s;ible and extreme &s;mall Inter&s;tices of the&s;e &s;mall Fibres the mo&s;t &s;ubtile particles of Aliment run from top to bottom, being carried by the Arteries to the roots of the teeth. If upon any occa&s;ion this alimentary Juice be made thinner, and its particles be carried with a greater impetuo&s;ity than they ought, they do not ea&s;ily &s;tick, but pa&s;s their bounds; and &s;o when what is abated of the thickne&s;s of the tooth by continual <HI>effluvium,</HI> is not made up, the tooth mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity grow more &s;lender, and when the Aliment runs out far|ther, according to the duct of the Fibres, the tooth grows in length. Therefore, to prevent this Slen|derne&s;s of the tooth, the be&s;t Remedy is, to &s;horten the tooth with a File, &s;o, when it is made &s;horter, the Aliment which cannot run beyond the tooth, be|ing forced into a &s;horter &s;pace, encrea&s;es the thick|ne&s;s of the tooth. So Husbandmen u&s;e to lop the Branches of Trees that the Trunk may become thick|er and &s;tronger, the nutritious juice being contai|ned within it &s;elf, which was di&s;tributed into the Boughs that were cut off. It &s;eems as if this too great excur&s;ion of Aliment in the teeth might hap|pen not onely becau&s;e of its thinne&s;s and agitation of parts whereof it con&s;i&s;ts; but al&s;o through the laxity of Fibres, whereof the tooth con&s;i&s;ts; which may happen, if while the Aliment flows too &s;pa|ringly, all the Fibres become more &s;lender; or the &s;ame Aliment may be corrupted either through the fault of the part, or of the affluent humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Bayle, <HI>Problem.</HI> 57.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. If teeth be loo&s;ened by a fall or blow, they mu&s;t not be drawn, but re&s;tored, and tied to tho&s;e that are fa&s;t, for in time they will be fa&s;tened in their holes: As I experienced in <HI>Antonius de la Rue,</HI> a Tai|lor, who had his Jaw broke with the Hilt of a Sword, and three of his teeth loo&s;ened, and well|nigh beaten out of their holes; when his Jaw was &s;et, his teeth were re&s;tored to their places, and fa&s;tened with a double thred and a pla&s;ter to the next; I fed him with broths and &s;poon-meats; I made him a&s;tringent Gargari&s;ms of Cypre&s;s-nuts, Myrtles and a little Alume boiled in Vinegar and Water, and ordered him to wa&s;h his mouth fre|quently; and I &s;o ordered the matter, that, in a &s;hort time he could chew as Well with the&s;e teeth as with any of the re&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 23. <HI>c.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">7.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Two died of drawing a tooth, through much Bleeding: but one of them was decrepit: in the other there was a large Ve&s;&s;el at the root of the tooth, and a great Breach.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Cardan.</HI> de cau&s;. &amp; &s;ign. m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rb. p. <HI>155. Fore&s;t.</HI> l. <HI>14.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> &para; As a Tooth|drawer was drawing a tooth from an old Man in the Market-place at <HI>Bononia,</HI> the man died &s;ud|denly.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Teeth in Children, whether they fall out of them&s;elves, or by violence, &s;o the roots remain, grow again of them&s;elves. Therefore we mu&s;t have a care, when Children have broken their teeth by a fall or a blow, that we pull not out the part that re|mains; but the root it &s;elf mu&s;t be as carefully pre|&s;erved as may be: for all the hope of the tooth's coming again depends upon it, as the &s;eed, and when it is pulled out by the root,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Columbus, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> teeth &s;eldom or never come again.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. We mu&s;t have a care that we draw not a tooth at the time of a defluxion, head-ach, &s;wel|ling of the Gums, or when they ake violently. And the Chirurgeon mu&s;t be admoni&s;hed, that he pull it not out violently and forcibly, that is, at one pull, left a great concu&s;&s;ion of the Brain or breaking of the Jaw be occa&s;ioned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>pract. l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> which is attended with a great Haemorrhage, or Fever, and &s;ometimes Death.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Some Phy&s;icians would per&s;uade a Man, that an artificial tooth may be put in the room of one that is pulled out, and that it will &s;tick as fa&s;t as any other tooth, that it will be clothed with the
<PB N="118" REF="65"> fle&s;h of the Gums, and will &s;erve to chew with. But he that con&s;iders, the teeth have Life, that they receive Veins, Arteries and Nerves, that they are &s;en&s;ible and ake,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enchir. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE> and are fa&s;tened with ligaments; will never affirm it.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. A certain Nun, when &s;he had got a tooth which was longer than any of the re&s;t to be cut &s;hort, thereby to avoid the deformity, pre&s;ently fell down dead in a Convul&s;ion and Epilep&s;ie: But a Nerve appeared in that part where the tooth was cut off.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ca&s;p. Bar|thol. <HI>In&s;t. Anatom.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A bony <HI>fungus</HI> &s;ometimes grows out of the hole of a drawn tooth, &s;o big, that it fills the mouth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enchir. p.</HI> 309.</NOTE> and at la&s;t choaks a Man, unle&s;s prevented by cutting it out, and burning it.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>I.</HI> For Rottenne&s;s of the teeth.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. If the Corro&s;ion come of Worms, a Medicine is made of Leek-&s;eeds mixt with Wax,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> receiving the fume into the mouth.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy; Take of the Roots of Ma&s;tick-tree, Cinquefoil, &s;harp Dock, each 1 drachm; boil them in very &s;harp Vinegar to a third.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Fore|&s;tus.</NOTE> Add to it &s;trained of Salt half a drachm. Wa&s;h the teeth with it.</P>
<P N="3">3. A tooth taken out of a dead man's Jaw, if you touch a rotten tooth often with the root of it, will cau&s;e the tooth to fall out piece meal in a few days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Take of Myrrh, <HI>Aloe Epatica,</HI> each 3 ounces; Henbane-&s;eed, 2 ounces and a half; Nettle-&s;eed, 1 ounce; Saffron, 2 ounces; Nutmeg, 1 ounce. Mix them; make a Powder; pour on it &s;ome Spirit of Wine; let it &s;tand in a hot place for &s;ome days: then di&s;till it by an Alembick, in which di&s;&s;olve of Bal&s;am of Sulphur a twelfth part, and you will have as excellent an Elixir as ever was u&s;ed; where|with the Gums mu&s;t once a-day be anointed. It is a mo&s;t certain pre&s;ervative of the teeth again&s;t Rot|tenne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Poppi|us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. For the Hollowne&s;s of the teeth, if it proceed from a hot cau&s;e Camphire is excellent good, whe|ther it be applied as a Pla&s;ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tach. <HI>Rud.</HI></NOTE> or the hollow tooth be &s;topt with it.</P>
<P N="6">6. Take of Powder of Myrrh 2 &s;cruples, Gum Juniper 1 &s;cruple, Alume half a &s;cruple, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Honey; make it into a lini|ment, with which the rotten and hollow teeth mu&s;t be rubbed every day. &para; To get out hollow teeth &s;ome commend the fat and powder of green Frogs that live upon Trees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dan. Sen|nertus.</NOTE> if it be rubbed on the teeth.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>II.</HI> For the Falling of them.</HEAD>
<P>A tooth of a Man, who died through decay of &s;trength, not taken off by a violent death or an a|cute di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE> cau&s;eth any tooth in a living Man to wither and fall out onely by touching it.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>III.</HI> For the Tooth-ach.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of Gum Tragacanth 2 drachms, Hy&s;&s;op half an ounce, Pellitory of the Wall 3 ounces, mixt with Honey and Salt, and burnt to a Coal in a Pot, Pepper 4 ounces; beat them very fine, and pa&s;s them through a Sieve, and then u&s;e it; which if you doe, the teeth will neither ake nor grow loo&s;e, nor will the gums be inflamed or bleed, nor will Carun|cles grow thereon, nor will they be troubled with defluxions. And, be&s;ides, the breath will be &s;weet and the teeth clean.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Act <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">arius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Take of Juice of white Bryony-berries one pound and a half, Bark of the root of a Mulberry|tree an ounce and a half; boil half away. It mu&s;t be held hot in the mouth; give it 7 days one af|ter another. He that u&s;es it &s;hall never be troubled with the Tooth-ach &para; Take the Skin of an Ad|der, burn it and beat it, make it up with Oil about as thick as Honey; or, take the Skin it &s;elf unburnt, rub the teeth therewith, and they will fall out. &para; This is <HI>Andromachus</HI> his Medicine which a&s;&s;wages the Tooth-ach within an hour: Take of Pepper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Juice of Spurge, <HI>Galbanum,</HI> each equal parts; put it in the hollow teeth.</P>
<P N="3">3. If the teeth be touched with the <HI>Radius</HI> of a Sea-par&s;nip, and the gums &s;carified,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;ar Baricelius.</NOTE> the Tooth-ach quickly cea&s;es.</P>
<P N="4">4. Some rub the teeth of Scorbutick per&s;ons with the branch of Willow, and &s;et it in the &s;moak of the Chimney: and as the branch dries the teeth are cured. &para; I have tried &s;everal Medicines, and could onely find benefit from Alume, which I melted in a Saucer and powdered, and with Nut|meg and a &s;ufficient quantity of Honey, made it up into the form of a Liniment, wherewith now and then I anointed the aking tooth, and with good &s;uc|ce&s;s, for the Tooth-ach cea&s;ed, and I re&s;ted well. &para; A Pill of <HI>Philonium Romanum</HI> put in the tooth, having fir&s;t wa&s;hed the mouth with <HI>Lapis Prunellae</HI> di&s;&s;olved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bartho|linus.</NOTE> never failed me.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Paulus</HI> writes that the Tooth-ach is effectually cured with a Decoction of Fern-root in very &s;trong Vinegar. &para; This is certainly experienced,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> that the root of Self-heal dried and rubbed on the Gums of the aking teeth till they bleed, cures the Tooth|ach.</P>
<P N="6">6. One could find no ea&s;e by any remedy, till he put Betony in his No&s;e, and then he was cured. &para; Shepherds-pur&s;e brui&s;ed, and the quantity of a Hazle-nut put in the ears, is a good and experienced remedy. Garlick al&s;o brui&s;ed, with a little Salt, and applied to the Thumbs, rai&s;es Bli&s;ters, out of which Water runs, whereby the Defluxion is deri|ved from the teeth, and the Tooth-ach taken away. &para; A Pla&s;ter of <HI>Burgundy</HI> Pitch with Powder of Nut|meg applied to the Temporal Artery hath cured &s;everal. &para; Knives touched with a Load-&s;tone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Bo|rellus.</NOTE> cure the Pains of teeth, ears and eyes, onely by the Touch.</P>
<P N="7">7. Take Ma&s;tick-&s;eeds and brui&s;e them; put them in a Rag, and hold it to the in&s;ide of the teeth: It hath a wonderfull virtue of drawing out vi&s;cous humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Theod. de Bry.</NOTE> a&s;&s;waging and at length of curing the Tooth-ach.</P>
<P N="8">8. In curing the Tooth-ach nothing is better than Oil of Turpentine, with Powder of Camphire;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;. Claudinus.</NOTE> the Oil whereof al&s;o is very effectual.</P>
<P N="9">9. Take &s;ome Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> powdered, half as much powder of Cloves, &s;teep them in Spirit of Wine; wet a folded Rag in it, and apply it to the aking tooth. &para; To pre&s;erve the teeth, the inner rind of Barbery &s;teeped in Water, and to wa&s;h the mouth therein is very good in the morning. &para; Al|&s;o Spirit of Vitriol mixt with Water is very much commended, becau&s;e it pre&s;erves the teeth from putrefaction, and whitens them. For a drop or two of Spirit of Vitriol mixt with Sugar or Honey of Ro&s;es clean&s;eth the teeth wonderfully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Crato.</NOTE> and helps putrid teeth and gums, and Ulcers of the mouth.</P>
<P N="10">10. Take Oil of Cloves half an ounce, di&s;&s;olve in it of Camphire half a drachm, then add &s;ome Spirit of Turpentine four times rectified; mix them: A drop or two with a little Cotton put in the hollow tooth pre&s;ently &s;tops the Pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">O&s;w. Cro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">|us, <HI>Ba&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">chym.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="11">11. The Salt of the fruit of the Fir-tree (which is called <HI>the fixt Stone of the Jovial-tree</HI>) is good for the Tooth-ach, if it be di&s;&s;olved in a little Vinegar, and held a while in the mouth. &para; Take of Wild-pop|py, Hen-bane, Sweet-williams, Baum, each a like quantity; make of them a Cry&s;tal Salt; put a few grains of it in a hollow tooth. It is a certain Re|medy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mich. Crug|ner.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. Take dried Hops, rub them a little, put them in &s;trong Vinegar; boil them a little and &s;train them. Wa&s;h the mouth and gums with the Liquour; for it is wonderfull.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tob. Dor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|crellius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">13. The Quinte&s;&s;ence of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> is a great Se|cret in curing and ea&s;ing the Tooth-ach. The Do&s;e
<PB N="119" REF="65"> is half a drachm or a drachm in &s;ome Broth or Sy|rup.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> &para; The chymical Salt of Lizards cures the Tooth-ach admirably.</P>
<P N="14">14. A Turnip ro&s;ted in the a&s;hes, and applied hot behind the Ears is held for a Secret. Certainly it repells violently and cures the Tooth-ach effectual|ly, as I have had experience, and can te&s;tifie al&s;o of others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">15. Take the leg or thigh a Toad, clean&s;e it from the fle&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leon Fio|ravantus.</NOTE> Rub the aking teeth with the bone, and the Pain cea&s;es in a moment.</P>
<P N="16">16. The Tooth-ach vani&s;hes when the <HI>Archaeus</HI> is mortified, which is done by &s;harp Remedies, as the root of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> and of the Nettle with the red flower;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. O&s;|wald. Grembs.</NOTE> the white &s;ub&s;tance whereof being &s;craped and applied to the tooth wonderfully morti|fies its raging.</P>
<P N="17">17. The Secret of the King of <HI>Poland.</HI> In a clear day powder a Load-&s;tone, and calcine it in a glazed Pot till it wax green; Of this, with Meal, Wine and Gum Tragacanth, make Lozenges to put into the teeth, which in a moment &s;top their aking. &para; Take a clove of Garlick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Philip. Gru|lingius.</NOTE> a little Treacle, a clean Cobweb. Mix them; make a Pla&s;ter; apply it for &s;ome hours to the median Vein, on that &s;ide the teeth ake on: the mo&s;t violent Pain cea&s;eth, and re|turns not in &s;ome years.</P>
<P N="18">18. If &s;ome Oil of Box in Cotton-wooll be put with a Probe into a hollow tooth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Caldere de Heredia.</NOTE> it pre&s;ently takes away Pain.</P>
<P N="19">19. Fill a Womans Thimble full of Salt of A&s;he, and apply it to the temporal Arteries where you find them beat; in a &s;hort time it makes a knot in the Artery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> whereby the flux is intercepted.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>IV.</HI> For Loo&s;ne&s;s of teeth.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have had frequent experience of this: Take Pomegranate flowers, unripe Galls, dried Ro&s;es and Spurge, with a little Alume; boil them in Vinegar and har&s;h Wine, till a third onely remain. Hold the Decoction hot a long time in the mouth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Take of Acorns 1 drachm, Galls half a drachm, burnt Alume, <HI>Acacia,</HI> each 2 &s;cruples; Red-ro&s;e flow|ers 1 handfull:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Berph. Gor|donius.</NOTE> Boil them in a quart of Red-wine: Let the teeth be often wa&s;hed with this Decoction.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Arn. Villa|novanus.</NOTE>3. Pimpernel-root chewed fa&s;tens the teeth won|derfully.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="5" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>V.</HI> For Black, Foul and Bleeding Teeth.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. There is not a better remedy than a Pumice|&s;tone red hot and quenched in White-wine twice, and the third time left till it be cold, and then with|out any farther quenching beaten and wa&s;hed; If the teeth be rubbed therewith it makes them excee|ding white.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Bayrus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Take of dried Ro&s;emary powdered, White|bread powdered, each 2 drachms; red Coral pre|pared 1 drachm, Alaba&s;ter half a drachm; mix them; make a Powder, with which rub the teeth every day, and wa&s;h the mouth with Ro&s;emary-wa|ter. In a &s;hort time you will find the admirable efficacy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">And. Lib<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">vi|us.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="6" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>VI.</HI> For Drawing of teeth.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Dock-root heat in a&s;hes, and continually ap|plied to the tooth, draws it out in a &s;hort time. &para; Al&s;o burn Earth-worms and powder them, and having &s;craped the tooth round about, &s;trew it on plentifully, and in a day and a night it falls out of it &s;elf. Therefore u&s;e it confidently; for it is celebrated often as a My&s;tery.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Clear the tooth a little from its place with a Pen-knife, and then &s;trew on it Powder of <HI>Euphor|bium;</HI> For this, if any thing will, draws out bones. Or Juice of Spurge mixt with Meal may be put in the tooth, and the re&s;t fenced with Wax: For Spurge-juice makes the teeth to &s;well. After 2 or 3 days the tooth will be &s;o loo&s;e that you may take it out with your fingers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Heurn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|us.</NOTE> or with an In&s;trument ea&s;ily.</P>
<P N="3">3. To make the teeth fall, onely gut a Lizard and drie it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Octav. Ho|ratianus.</NOTE> and touch the tooth or the hollow of it with the Powder, and it will pre&s;ently drop out.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take a grain of Ma&s;tick or Frankincen&s;e fit for the hole, &s;top it well, carry it day and night; but take it out in the morning, and wa&s;h the mouth with Water &s;omething &s;alted, a Decoction of Sage or of burnt Harts-horn. Put in another grain, and conti|nue it &s;o long, till the tooth fall out piece-meal;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dr. Lib<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|vius.</NOTE> and this is done without any hurt.</P>
<P N="5">5. Ba&s;tard Hellebore has a virtue beyond all other things to make teeth fall, if you rub them with a brui&s;ed leaf;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> but you mu&s;t have a care what teeth you touch, for they will all fall out.</P>
<P N="6">6. Gum of Ivy that grows on an Oak draws out any tooth. &para; Some affirm, upon certain experience, that if you take a Whelp 3 or 4 days old, and cut off his left Ear, and with the bloud anoint the teeth;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Sten<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">robel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">|g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s.</NOTE> all that are anointed will fall out in the night.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Diabetes,</HI> or, The Pi&s;s-pot Drop&s;ie.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bloud-letting is not proper. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Vomit is proper? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging is proper. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Purgers are proper? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Diureticks be proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sudorificks are &s;u&s;pected. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are good. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents are not always proper. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too much are hurtfull. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his Cure. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be cured by re&s;toring the tone to the bloud. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it proceeds from a cold Liver. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it in a young per&s;on. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a &s;purious one we mu&s;t not cool. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quinces breed the <HI>Diabetes. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Bath be proper? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One quickly cured. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t cure quickly. <HI>XVIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALL People write, that in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e a Vein mu&s;t be breathed: But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve that when this Di&s;ea&s;e fir&s;t appears to begin, it is in the State already. For when the Drink pa&s;&s;es unaltered, the Veins of the whole Body and the Liver were emptied and dried up long before, but the Patients cannot know the begin|ning and encrea&s;e, becau&s;e this Attraction is a natu|ral work, and while it is performed onely in the Veins of the Liver, it is without any &s;en&s;e of Want, and therefore creates no trouble to the Body. And when it is in the &s;tate, all the &s;erous humidity that is in the Veins, and was contained in the Liver and Stomach, is then con&s;umed; otherwi&s;e there would neither be thir&s;t, nor attraction of potulent matter unchanged. But in this ca&s;e the Body is already thin and dry. And I think it not advi&s;eable to let-bloud, when the Veins are already dried up. Nor let any man object, that when the <HI>Serum</HI> is evacuated, bloud is left in the Veins: I confe&s;s &s;ome part of the bloud is left; but where <HI>Serum</HI> is wanting, bloud al&s;o mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be wanting; for <HI>Serum</HI> is there|fore mixt with the bloud, that it may di&s;tribute the &s;ame into all the parts of the Body. Take away <HI>Serum,</HI> and you take away di&s;tribution; be&s;ides, &s;ince a great part of the bloud is made of potulent matter, if we pre&s;ently void what we drink by U|rine, it cannot be turned into bloud. Therefore in a true <HI>Diabetes</HI> Bloud-letting is never proper,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia,</HI> Prael. pract.</NOTE> what|ever &s;ome men may &s;ay.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="120" REF="66">II. If &s;alt Phlegm be contained in the Stomach, which being carried to the Reins increa&s;es the Di&s;|ea&s;e; or if cholerick humours be carried to the Sto|mach, to the end they may be diverted from the Kid|neys, a Vomit may be allowed, of Barley-water, with Radi&s;h-juice, Powder of <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> or the like. But, according to <HI>Aetius</HI> his opinion, Vomit provo|ked by large drinking of Water immediately as it is drunk, is to no purpo&s;e: becau&s;e &s;udden taking and rejecting onely cools and moi&s;tens the mouth of the Stomach, and can di&s;charge nothing, nor can its virtue reach the Kidneys,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the parts primarily affected.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Matthaeus</HI> ix. <HI>ad Alman&s;.</HI> fears the milde&s;t Medi|cines, as Ro&s;e-juice, le&s;t the &s;harp Juices at &s;uch a time &s;hould be attracted by the Kidneys, which attract &s;trongly by virtue of the Medicine: But if a <HI>Diabetes</HI> be fed by a &s;harp and bilious humour, why are mild Purgers to be refu&s;ed, which cannot put the Body in agitation, becau&s;e mild ones will not doe it? And provided they &s;hould, they ought not therefore to be rejected; for, according to <HI>Ga|len, aphor.</HI> 24. <HI>We do not u&s;e a Purge becau&s;e of the Fever, (for we know on that &s;core it will doe hurt,) but becau&s;e of the humours that cau&s;e it. Wherefore there mu&s;t ari&s;e more be|nefit from evacuation of noxious humours, than there can de|triment (which will nece&s;&s;arily follow) from purging Medi|cines.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. In an exqui&s;ite <HI>Diabetes</HI> cau&s;ed by attraction of urine <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is proper according to <HI>Capivaccius.</HI> But <HI>Matthaeus Iradi</HI> prefers a Cly&s;ter before a Purge. Yet <HI>Capivaccius</HI> &s;ays, it &s;hould not always be cooling. He holds that Tamarinds in a moderate quantity, with|out the Diuretick Powders, are proper. <HI>Manna</HI> and all Sweet things, that in hot Di&s;tempers turn into Bile, mu&s;t be omitted, according to <HI>Theodor. Baronius, de oper. mejendi, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 5. He &s;ays, <HI>Citrine Myrobalans</HI> bind up the Pores, and having loo&s;ened the Belly ex|a&s;perate the Bowels, therefore the fir&s;t time they are convenient is after perfect Concoction.</P>
<P N="5">V. Revul&s;ion and Purging premi&s;ed, certain Di|ureticks, that are cold and moi&s;t, now and then ab&s;ter&s;ive ones are convenient. Such are chiefly Whey, in which, when there is need of ab&s;ter&s;ion, Barley, with Caper-bark and Bean-&s;hels may be boi|led. If there be need of greater ab&s;ter&s;ion, you may add al&s;o bitter Almonds, or Lupines, or Vetch; for they are &s;trong Deter&s;ives. After Deter&s;ion the acrimony of the humour mu&s;t be cooled and allayed. Some reject all things that provoke urine, cold a&s;|well as hot: But if the Kidneys be affected and im|bued with a &s;alt and &s;harp humour, how can it be, that the impacted matter &s;hould any way be carried off, unle&s;s we u&s;e things that provoke urine? <HI>Ga|len</HI> indeed, 13. <HI>method. cap.</HI> 12. forbids them, when the Kidneys are affected; but he onely means thus much, that the humours which are otherwhere &s;hould not be carried to that place: But he no where teaches that the impacted humour &s;hould not be carried away by the &s;ame place. So a Vomit cures vomiting, rai&s;ed by an humour impacted in the Stomach; &s;o purging Stops a Loo&s;ne&s;s.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The <HI>Arabians</HI> commend the u&s;e of Sweating Phy&s;ick, that they may divert the matter from the Kidneys to the Habit of the Body. But this opera|tion is &s;u&s;pected by me: for they would either carry into the habit of the body the Sero&s;ity then contained in the Liver, or the potulent matter late|ly drank. Perfect <HI>Serum</HI> they cannot get out, for it is in the Veins, and they are dried up. It is not made in the Liver; therefore they will draw the po|tulent matter unchanged.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Saxonia,</HI> Prael. pract. part. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>34.</HI></NOTE> For the <HI>Serum</HI> is not re|tained in the Liver; and it is much wor&s;e for drink to be di&s;tributed unaltered into all the Veins and habit of the body, than pre&s;ently to be carried off by urine. &para; Lenitives, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> being premi&s;ed, &s;ome u&s;e to rai&s;e a Sweat in a Bath of warm water, though at this time it &s;ucceeds better in bed with bottles full of water. Now &s;ome give a Decoction of Cinquefoyl and China: but I think it more advi&s;e|able, after taking one drachm of Harts-horn philo|&s;ophically prepared, according to <HI>Paul,</HI> that the Pa|tient drink plentifully of cold water and pre&s;ently be covered in a hot bed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 1. <HI>cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> applying bottles full of hot water to his &s;ides.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In a <HI>Diabetes</HI> the u&s;e of Narcoticks is whole|&s;ome, becau&s;e it cools, thickens thin humours, hin|ders motion, cau&s;es &s;leep. <HI>Aetius</HI> u&s;es Narcoticks while the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;es; but it may not be ami&s;s to give them when it is at the height,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI></NOTE> with what ought being premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A&s;tringents are good to bind the dilated Ve&s;&s;els, but onely in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and becau&s;e the retentive faculty is al&s;o decayed. The <HI>Arabians</HI> u&s;e them without ob&s;erving any di&s;tinc|tion of time; yet they will doe hurt in the begin|ning, while the Kidneys do as yet retain noxious matter, and becau&s;e they increa&s;e drine&s;s, and the attractive faculty of the Kidneys: It is better then to u&s;e attemperating and moderately moi&s;t things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Violent A&s;tringents inward and outward mu&s;t be avoided by rea&s;on of drying.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Matth. de Gradi. Rondel.</NOTE> &para; For a Hectick may be feared. Too cold and a&s;tringent things up|on the Spine hinder Tran&s;piration.</P>
<P N="10">X. If a <HI>Diabetes</HI> be produced by a volatile Salt, and that &s;harp, either applied outwards or taken inwards, or any way &s;evered and exi&s;ting in our body; certainly its cure will con&s;i&s;t in the con|temperation of the fore&s;aid more &s;harp volatile Salt, both by oily things, as Emul&s;ions of Barley, &s;weet Almonds, Seeds of white Poppy, Melon, Cucum|ber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by &s;weet Milk of the Cow, Sheep, Goat, Woman, A&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And by Acids, but contempered with a volatile Salt, &s;weet Spirit of Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mix|ing them with convenient Drink, Broths, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but not with the afore&s;aid Emul&s;ions or Milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius <HI>Ap|pend.</HI></NOTE> becau&s;e all &s;owre things make them curdle.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I believe the chief and mo&s;t frequent cau&s;e of a <HI>Diabetes</HI> con&s;i&s;ts in the too much di&s;&s;olved and lax mixture of the bloud, and likewi&s;e &s;carcity and le&s;s than ought of urine, in a too &s;trict con&s;i&s;tency of bloud. If the cau&s;e of this lax and di&s;&s;olute con&s;i|&s;tency, which makes it apt to di&s;&s;olve into <HI>Serum,</HI> be inquired, we &s;ay, the fu&s;ion of it, as al&s;o of Milk, proceeds from hence, becau&s;e &s;ince in the ma&s;s of it Salts of divers natures meet and are a&s;&s;ociated, the re&s;t of the particles being freed from the Salt ones (which keep them one from another, and con|tain them in mixtion) make a Separation. And it is plainly evident that <HI>Salino</HI> fixt and volatile particles are always in the bloud naturally, among which if at any time an acid Salt, or one that has obtain'd a fluidity, do come in a &s;ufficient quantity, it will ea&s;ily produce the afore&s;aid Di&s;ea&s;e. Hence it is, that <HI>Rheni&s;h</HI>-wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and acid Liquours, when they are drunk, provoke urine plentifully: for this rea|&s;on al&s;o, Medicines, having a fixt or volatile Salt, u&s;e to move urine in &s;ome &s;ickly People, who&s;e bloud abounds with an acid Salt. A&s;tringent Medicines properly &s;o called, namely, har&s;h, bitter and &s;typ|tick ones, which by corrugating the fibres of the bowels, and by contracting them into a &s;horter &s;pace, do &s;top their expul&s;ive and excretory facul|ty, and therefore hinder Purging upwards and downwards, although they u&s;e to be vulgarly pre|&s;cribed, to hinder pi&s;&s;ing, they doe little or no good, becau&s;e their virtue is able to doe nothing in the ma&s;s of bloud, and it reaches not the Kid|neys or Bladder. Wherefore that it is to no purpo&s;e in a <HI>Diabetes,</HI> to pre&s;cribe the rind and flowers of Pomegranates, Medlars, Tormentil-roots and the like, as Rea&s;on dictates, &s;o Experience confirms. But the things that are found to doe mo&s;t good, and &s;quare exactly enough with our <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> &s;ome of them are &s;uch as hinder the combinations of Salts, and con&s;equently the fu&s;ion of Bloud, &s;uch as tho&s;e that are vulgarly called thickning Medicines, and
<PB N="121" REF="66"> have vi&s;cous and glutinous Particles, which being admitted into the ma&s;s of bloud pertinaciou&s;ly ad|here to its active Particles, and &s;ever them, and &s;o hinder them from combining mutually among them|&s;elves, or with the Saline ones any other way in fu&s;ion: Other things di&s;&s;olve the accretions of Salts, and therefore re&s;tore the mixture of the bloud, &s;uch as Saline things of another nature which naturally &s;tick to an acid Salt, and &s;o re|call it from the combinations it has entered into within the bloud, &s;uch Medicines are they e&s;pecial|ly that are indued with a fixt Salt, and with a vo|latile and alkalizate one. Be&s;ides the&s;e two prima|ry &s;orts of I&s;chureticks, there is another &s;econdary one, namely, an Hypnotick, which by putting a &s;top to the animal Oeconomy, makes the vital Re|giment to be performed more &s;edately, and there|fore with le&s;s fu&s;ion of the bloud, or precipitation of the &s;erous and nutritious humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. It &s;ometimes proceeds from too much coo|ling of the Liver: And ob&s;erve this, for no man, to my knowledge, has taken notice of it: Rea|&s;on per&s;uades it; for if a Drop&s;ie be cau&s;ed, why may not a <HI>Diabetes?</HI> When the Liver breeds Water, why may it not as well &s;end it to the Kidneys as into the capacity of the Belly?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. I fir&s;t cured my &s;elf of abundance of U|rine, and then my young Daughter, and as many as came into my hands; when all died that fell into other hands, though they were reckoned famous men. And when, in the pre&s;ence of &s;ome of them, I had almo&s;t cured one man in a day, who had been a month under cure and had found no benefit, but was well nigh dead, they admired. I ab&s;tained from Purgatives; they gave them. I ab&s;tained from fat things; they advi&s;ed the u&s;e of them. I gave them Rai&s;ins; they con&s;ented; but they would not ad|mit Lentils, but again&s;t their will. I u&s;ed hot things; they cold. I applied A&s;tringents to the Kidneys, they feared le&s;t the Water violently &s;topt, would flow back to the principal Bowels. I took away the Feather-bed; they forgot it. I often wa&s;hed the Feet; and they neglected it. I gave White-wine; they &s;aid of right it was not proper. I for|bad exerci&s;e after meat;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cardanus.</NOTE> I injoined Sleep: they a|greed with me onely in the&s;e two rules.</P>
<P N="14"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE>XIV. In a &s;purious one, by tran&s;mi&s;&s;ion, we mu&s;t have a care of Coolers.</P>
<P N="15">XV. It is worth remembrance concerning Quin|ces, which have a cooling and a&s;tringent faculty, how <HI>Pa&s;calius</HI> in his <HI>Praxis, c.</HI> 50. writes, that <HI>Alfon&s;us,</HI> King of <HI>Naples,</HI> upon the u&s;e of them, fell into a <HI>Di|abetes.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. A Bath of Sweet-water may be convenient, for it moi&s;tens the body, that is then dried, e&s;pe|cially if it be indued with a cooling virtue: but a mineral one and of a drying faculty, by no means; for it would quickly bring the Patient into a Con|&s;umption,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if he be of a hot con&s;titution.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. A man thirty years of age after plentifull Drinking of Wine fell into a <HI>Diabetes,</HI> with mo&s;t vi|olent heat, extreme thir&s;t, and &s;o great a flux of urine, that he made thrice as much water as he drank by day as well as night. But after Bloud let|ting, and the frequent u&s;e of Tincture of Corals, Decoction of Plantain, and e&s;pecially that mixture <HI>Fr. Sylvius, Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30. &sect; 183. hath to temper the volatility of the pancreatick Juice, within fif|teen days the Di&s;ea&s;e abated. This is the Mixture, Take of Water of Plantain 3 ounces, Cinnamon, di&s;tilled Vinegar, each half an ounce; Syrup of Pur&s;lane 1 ounce, Powder of red Coral 1 drachm. Mix them. This Mixture may be given by &s;poon|fulls.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Herman|nus, <HI>commi&s;c. cur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">an.</HI> 1672. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 183.</NOTE> If any one would have it &s;tronger, he may add to it half a &s;cruple or a whole one of <HI>Acacia,</HI> or Juice of <HI>Hypoci&s;tis.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Medicines mu&s;t be given pre&s;ently, be|cau&s;e it brings Men often into a Con&s;umption, through the exceeding Heat of the whole Body, e&s;pecially of the Liver, Kidneys and Venous kind. I cured a Countrey fellow who was taken with it af|ter a burning Fever, with Coolers and Moi&s;tners, adding A&s;tringents and Strengthners;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Knobl o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hi|u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>in Ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> p.</HI> 40<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> among other things his whole Body was wrapt in a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The&s;e are mo&s;t effectual Trochi&s;cs, which con|tain of the mucilage of Fleawort-&s;eed, Coriander-&s;eed prepared, burnt Ivory, Coral, Amber, Dra|gon's-bloud, Red-&s;aunders, Flower, each two drachms; Camphire, half a drachm. Make it into Trochi&s;cs, with the afore&s;aid mucilage, which may be given with Sheeps-milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> when the Butter is ta|ken out.</P>
<P N="2">2. Take of Powder of red Ro&s;es, Myrtle, Bole|armenick, Ma&s;tick, red Coral, Dragon's-bloud, Shells of ro&s;ted Che&s;nuts, each 1 drachm and an half, Barley flower 1 pugil, Oil of Myrtle, unripe Olives and Ma&s;tick, each one drachm and an half; Powder of Myrobalans, Citrine, <HI>Chebuli</HI> and <HI>Indi,</HI> each 2 drachms, with Turpentine and Bird-lime of Mi&s;letoe of the Oak what is &s;ufficient; make a Pla|&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">M Aur. Se|verinus.</NOTE> It is admirable to &s;top and dige&s;t the &s;erous matter.</P>
<P N="3">3. There was a man cured &s;everal with the&s;e Tro|chi&s;cs, and I cured a young man with them in four days who had a <HI>Diabetes,</HI> and pi&s;&s;ed involuntarily in his bed. Take of Ro&s;es, burnt Ivory, each one drachm and an half; Seeds of Pur&s;lain, Coriander, Saunders, Berberies each 2 drachms; Camphire half a drachm. Mix them with the Juice of &s;owre Pome|granates. Make Trochi&s;cs, every one of which may be of a drachm weight, and one may be given mor|ning and evening mixt with Cold water and Syrup of Ro&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. V<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llanova|nus.</NOTE> It is a good and experienced Remedy for this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">4. This Powder is very good. Take of Powder of a Hen's gizzard wa&s;ht in Wine, a Hare's head burnt, Ma&s;tick, each half an ounce, Nutmeg, <HI>No. j.</HI> Bees, 5 drachms; A&s;hes of a burnt Hedg-hog, three drachms. Mix them. Make a Powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Weikardus.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is from half a drachm to a whole one.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> or, A Flux or Loo&s;ne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be ra&s;hly &s;topt. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether an imperfect Flux may be promoted? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be &s;topped by Letting-bloud? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;ometime make provi&s;ion for the whole body. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it can be &s;topt without A&s;tringents? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it can be &s;topt by the application of cold things? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks may be u&s;ed? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Bath &s;tops it? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it may be &s;topt? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether when the Stools are frothy we mu&s;t always have re&s;pect to the Head? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Loo&s;ne&s;s or Vomit come from the Brain? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Me&s;enterick Loo&s;ne&s;s. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a wa&s;ting Flux we mu&s;t have &s;pecial re&s;pect to the Cau&s;e. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In wa&s;ting Fluxes we mu&s;t not give Purges that leave a&s;tricti|on behind them. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This Flux mu&s;t not be cured by A&s;tringents. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A malignant Flux mu&s;t be cured otherwi&s;e than a common one. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Scorbutick one mu&s;t not be cured by A&s;tringents. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one complicated with a Cough. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the <HI>French</HI> Pox. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care of Sowre and Sweet things. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="122" REF="67">
<ITEM>When <HI>Venus</HI> is proper? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a&s;tringent meats taken fir&s;t do bind? <HI>XXIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Ca&s;e which happened to <HI>Stimargus his Wife, who after the di&s;turbance of her Belly for a few days, when &s;he had taken great care to &s;top it, mi&s;carried of a Child at four Months, and after &s;he was cured of her Mi&s;carriage, &s;he &s;welled,</HI> teaches us how great danger there is in &s;top|ping a Loo&s;ne&s;s. This Woman mu&s;t needs have ga|thered many and bad Excrements in the fir&s;t months, whence it came to pa&s;s, that in the fourth month fol|lowing &s;he was taken with a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which much endangered her mi&s;carriage; for unle&s;s it were &s;topt, there would be danger of abortion from the irritation of the Inte&s;tines that are next the womb, or from &s;ubtraction of nouri&s;hment from the child. And perhaps for fear of this, &s;ome Phy&s;ician endea|voured all he could to &s;top it; and becau&s;e her bo|dy was not purged, it thus happened; for the ex|crements were turned to the womb. But becau&s;e there is no le&s;s danger, if it be not &s;topt before it go too far, we &s;hould in every Flux cautiou&s;ly con|&s;ider, whether we &s;hould promote it farther, or &s;uf|fer it to run on. And the &s;copes in this con&s;ultation are the Benefit, the Ability to bear it, and the man|ner of its running: For if with benefit and ability to bear it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem, Sect.</HI> 2.</NOTE> it run well, we may let it alone: But if it flow &s;lowly, we may promote it. If without the&s;e things, we mu&s;t &s;top it.</P>
<P N="2">II. In a Loo&s;ne&s;s we &s;ometimes give Purgatives, for the di&s;charge of the matter affixt to the Inte&s;tines, that irritates the expul&s;ive faculty, but it is not pre|&s;cribed for evacuation of the affluent matter; but ab&s;tain from Medicines offen&s;ive to Nature, le&s;t the humours be carried from the Centre to the Circum|ference.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Galen</HI> 1 <HI>ad Glaucon.</HI> 14. &s;eems to have made a gene|ral rule that if a Flux be not &s;o large as it ought, we mu&s;t not meddle; &s;aying that tho&s;e who will doe any thing, either let bloud or purge, do ca&s;t their Pati|ents into greater danger. I cannot acquie&s;ce in this Axiome, but decide the matter by certain conclu&s;i|ons. The fir&s;t is that a Flux truly &s;ymptomatick, though imperfect, mu&s;t never be holp: That is pro|perly a &s;ymptomatick Flux, wherein matter is di&s;|charged, that cau&s;es not the di&s;ea&s;e, which is far dif|ferent from the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e; but when &s;uch things are voided as cau&s;e not the Di&s;ea&s;e, they help not the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;trength is wa&s;ted. Hence <HI>Galen</HI> aphor. 47. <HI>Excretions which help not the di&s;ea&s;e are al|ways mortal.</HI> And becau&s;e for the mo&s;t part &s;uch Ex|cretions happen in the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es, hence it comes to pa&s;s that <HI>Galen</HI> in &s;everal places reckons Excretions then made, as u&s;ele&s;s, and pernicious, neither to be admitted nor promoted. But there is an excretion even in the beginnings, that is propor|tionate to the Di&s;ea&s;e, wherein &s;uch things are voided as ought; this is called &s;ymptomatick in re&s;pect of time, it is not &s;uch in re&s;pect of the mat|ter voided; for &s;uch things are voided as ought. This therefore, if imperfect, mu&s;t be holpen, ac|cording to <HI>Galen Comment.</HI> 5. 5. <HI>in</HI> 1 <HI>Epidem.</HI> in which place when he &s;aw <HI>Hippocrates</HI> wa&s;hed <HI>Meton</HI>'s Head the fifth day, that he might help the bloud which run imperfectly from his no&s;trils, he writes that by this example <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath taught us, imperfect ex|cretions may be helped even in the beginning, which Rea&s;on al&s;o per&s;uades, drawn from <HI>Galen</HI> 1. aph. 23. <HI>As quality to quality, &s;o quantity mu&s;t an&s;wer to quantity.</HI> Therefore when &s;uch things are voided as ought, it mu&s;t be helped by purging, if it be im|perfect, though in the beginning. This is confir|med, if in the beginning we may carry off turgent matter, that matter is not onely turgent, which is moved to the places of excretion, and yet is no way carried off; but that al&s;o which tends to the places of excretion, and begins to be voided, but not &s;o much as it ought; therefore it mu&s;t &s;urely be hel|ped. As for <HI>Galen,</HI> who forbids it, I &s;ay he for|bad it, becau&s;e in his time benign remedies, and &s;uch as were indued with an a&s;tringent faculty, were not found, which are granted us in this age, and may be &s;afely admini&s;tred. The third Conclu&s;ion is, if the excretion be critical, but imperfect, or be made on a chief critical day, with all the &s;igns of a very good <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> then although it &s;eem imperfect, neverthele&s;s it mu&s;t not be holpen: For it can &s;carce or not at all otherwi&s;e be, but that Nature, with all the &s;igns of a very good <HI>Cri|&s;is,</HI> mu&s;t make a perfect excretion upon a chief de|cretory day. But if it be not a principal decretory day, or there be not all the ab&s;olute and perfect &s;igns of a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> then we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether there be any danger of the Flux of the matter to &s;ome principal part, which might either cau&s;e or increa&s;e an Inflammation; in which ca&s;e even on a critical day, it is lawfull for us to help Nature: The rea|&s;on is this, becau&s;e when there are all the &s;igns of a perfect <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> and at what time evacuation is made, Symptomes begin to encrea&s;e, it is a &s;ign that more matter flows to &s;ome principal part, than to the ways of excretion, and therefore Nature mu&s;t be helped. But if nothing urge, you may &s;uffer the critical day to be over, and Nature may be helped the next,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> according to the advice of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 21.</P>
<P N="4">IV.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. pract.</NOTE> Although Bloudletting may &s;eem formidable in this ca&s;e, yet it is &s;ometime proper when &s;harp bile is voided by &s;tool, which is perpetually bred a|new by the hot and dry intemperature of the Liver. &para; If a Loo&s;ne&s;s happen with &s;igns of abundance of Bloud and &s;trength, Bleeding may be celebrated in the beginning: but if there be a fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> bloud may be taken away, though there appear no Ptethory. If there be a Flux, when there is a Plenitude or Ca|cochymie in the common veins here is the difficulty; for fir&s;t of all, all A&s;tringents are &s;u&s;pected, becau&s;e the Flux from a noble part to an ignoble one is pro|hibited, for the matter being re&s;trained within the common veins, there is imminent danger of a Fever and Putrefaction. Secondly, Purgers hurt, becau&s;e the Flux is more already than it &s;hould be, &s;eeing it carries along with it the alimental matter, which is contained in the Stomach and inte&s;tines. Nor, Thirdly, are Vomits proper, Fir&s;t, becau&s;e that matter, before it be drawn to the Stomach, comes to the Guts, which becau&s;e weaker, will &s;ooner re|ceive the Fluxion than the Stomach: Secondly, it is not lawfull to carry &s;uch humours, through &s;o &s;en&s;ible a place. In this fullne&s;s of the veins I &s;hould commend letting of Bloud above all other things, Fir&s;t, becau&s;e it carries off part of the matter toge|ther with the Bloud, for all the humours are mixt together. Secondly, revul&s;ion is made from the In|te&s;tines without danger, nor is the matter which is evacuated tran&s;lated to another place, as in mo&s;t re|vul&s;ions. Thirdly, this letting of bloud &s;ubdues the Cau&s;e increa&s;ing the humour, that flows to the Inte&s;tines; for in plenitude there is a hot and moi&s;t intemperature; but bloud-letting cools and dries. Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> 7. <HI>Method. X.</HI> &s;ays, that in all Fluxes to the Stomach the body mu&s;t be evacuated (that is by bloud-letting, which be contradi&s;tingui&s;hes from purging) or purged. And 5 <HI>Meth.</HI> 3. in Fluxes of the Belly he &s;ays, for revul&s;ion the humours mu&s;t be carried to the Womb. Which is the very &s;ame thing that he taught 7 <HI>meth.</HI> 11. that &s;ometimes Loo&s;|ne&s;&s;es come becau&s;e of the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>men&s;es</HI> or haemorrhoids, or lo&s;s of a Limb, or &s;ome excre|tion &s;uppre&s;&s;ed: In which ca&s;e the cure of the Flux is to bring down the <HI>men&s;es,</HI> open the haemorrhoids, and quickly to procure the u&s;ual evacuation. There|fore <HI>Avicenna</HI> 16. 3. <HI>tractat.</HI> 2. <HI>cap. de Diarrhoea ex vitio Lienis,</HI> &s;ays, if there be need of bloud-letting in this <HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> we mu&s;t let it, and if it be lawfull in this, why not in a cholerick and melancholick one with a plenitude of the whole?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5"><PB N="123" REF="67">V. <HI>Mercurius Diaphoreticus</HI> given for &s;everal days to 12 grains takes away all impurities of the body, which &s;ometimes u&s;e to create &s;tubborn Fluxes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Where a melancholick humour abounds, which is dry, a&s;tringents are altogether improper; for the noxious humour being thereby increa&s;ed, af|fords matter for the Flux; Therefore we &s;hould ra|ther treat it with thickners and coolers. Which rule &s;hould not onely be ob&s;erved in this ca&s;e, but in any other Flux, where there is &s;u&s;picion of black Cho|ler. Into which opinion my ob&s;ervation forced me, which I had of a woman at <HI>Vicenza</HI> the la&s;t year, who being &s;ick of a Dy&s;entery and Fever, after &s;he had been purged with boiled Whey, and the peccant matter had been dimini&s;hed not a little by wa&s;hing Cly&s;ters, when &s;he came to a&s;tringents was evident|ly hurt by them: for be&s;ides than the Flux abated not at all, and the Fever was not a little exa&s;pera|ted, &s;he had a &s;owre ta&s;te &s;o con&s;tantly in her mouth, that &s;he complained more of it than of any other Symptome: Now I knew this happened, becau&s;e &s;he was of an atribilarious Complexion; Where|fore laying a&s;ide a&s;tringents altogether, and u&s;ing thickning broths, and attemperating Medicines, not long after this the trouble&s;ome ta&s;te went out of her mouth, and the Flux and Fever at length left her, and the Woman was perfectly cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pro&s;per M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rtianus,</HI> con. in loc.</NOTE> <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> lib. 4. Acut. ver&s;. 122. <HI>If the belly be moi&s;t and wa&s;ting, and the mind troubled, and the Patients &s;carce give an&s;wer to what they are asked,</HI> &amp;c. which he &s;ays are melancholick things, then pre&s;cribes cold and thick &s;orbitions, and &s;topping potions more vinous than a&s;tringent. The&s;e Potions as they mu&s;t have no exce&s;s in their qualities, to the end they may repre&s;s the inten&s;e qualities of the humours, &s;o in deriving the &s;ame hu|mours to the urinary pa&s;&s;ages by their diuretick virtue, they &s;top the Flux it &s;elf; but a&s;tringents by their drying faculty render them &s;harper: And if they partake of black Choler, promote the gene|ration of them. Now things that provoke urine are mo&s;t proper to cure Fluxes of the Belly, where there is no room for a&s;tringents.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ad ver&s;. <HI>128.</HI></NOTE> <HI>If vinous potions be proper, becau&s;e they carry the humours to the pa&s;&s;ages of urine, then the u&s;e of Quinces, e&s;pecially of their juice, &s;eems proper; which, be&s;ide their a&s;tringent virtue, are &s;o remarkably diure|tick, that, as</HI> Pa&s;calius in the 50th chap. of his me|thod, <HI>te&s;tifies,</HI> Alfon&s;us <HI>King of</HI> Naples, <HI>by the u&s;e of them fell into a</HI> Diabetes. &para; But this di&s;tinction of things that &s;top a Loo&s;ne&s;s mu&s;t be ob&s;erved. Things that &s;top a Loo&s;ne&s;s are twofold, &s;ome doe it with a&s;triction, others without a&s;triction by re&s;i&s;ting the cau&s;e of the Loo&s;ne&s;s: As if the Belly be loo&s;e through the acrimony or Saltne&s;s of the juices, ex|ter&s;ive things by taking away what &s;ticks to the In|te&s;tines, u&s;e to &s;top it, and &s;orbitions that take off the edge from the&s;e qualities as thick things without ta&s;te,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> comm. in e|um locum.</NOTE> &s;uch as flower of &s;everal &s;orts: If by rea&s;on of burning Heat, whence come con&s;uming Fluxes, Water cooled in Snow may &s;top it: If through multitude of juices flowing into the Belly, thence things that derive unto another part, as Diureticks: And Purgers al&s;o often &s;top a Flux, &s;uperfluity being plentifully evacuated, and the belly dried. The&s;e &s;top it by accident, which often cure with more &s;afety than a&s;tringents, for here, where the matter is not evacuated, e&s;pecially if it be malig|nant, they are very dangerous. &para; A man robu&s;t and cholerick was taken in the mid&s;t of Summer with a cholerick <HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> very violent with extreme thir&s;t. I pre&s;cribed him <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> in his ordinary drink, as al&s;o in Juleps of Lettuce and Pur&s;lain-wa|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> to be taken thrice a day, and he recovered in twenty four hours.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Hippocrates lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem. Sect.</HI> 3. mentions a Loo&s;ne&s;s that troubled &s;ick per&s;ons at a certain &s;ea|&s;on, which could no way be &s;topt, neither by food nor medicine, which rather &s;eemed to be cured a|gain&s;t rea&s;on, and in a manner by contrary means: becau&s;e not many things, but moderate ones did &s;ome people good, if they lay in a cold place with a bed under them. I gue&s;s this happened by chance to &s;ome &s;ick per&s;ons, who while they were impatient of their di&s;ea&s;e, to&s;&s;ing them&s;elves hither and thi|ther, lying &s;ometimes in Bed and &s;ometimes out of it, went le&s;s to &s;tool. Which &s;eems contrary to all rea&s;on, becau&s;e Cold ulcerates and bites, and is therefore apt to encrea&s;e a Loo&s;ne&s;s: But it does not this when it proceeds gradually, as in the ca&s;e propo&s;ed, by rea&s;on of the manner after which he u&s;ed it. From the&s;e things we gather, that outward cooling applied gradually and gently to the whole body, tempers the inward heat, fir&s;t of all by re|pul&s;ion of a milder heat inwards, and then &s;ub&s;e|quently by the actual coldne&s;s of the Remedy it &s;elf. Wherefore as often as we cannot attain it by coo|lers taken inwardly, it mu&s;t be procured by out|ward application of things that are actually cold.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> comm. in loc,</NOTE> Which I think is an excellent remedy in a Loo&s;ne&s;s from colliquation.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Avicenna</HI> hath written, that Narcoticks are very good, becau&s;e they thicken the matter, and cool the part, cau&s;e &s;leep, and lay pain: yet we mu&s;t not u&s;e them, unle&s;s nece&s;&s;ity force us upon it, and it is urgent in a hot body, and a hot Air, and in a Flux from &s;harp matter: We mingle &s;trength|ners with them, as Ca&s;tor, Saffron and Xylo-alo&euml;; wherefore <HI>Philonium</HI> is a laudable Medicine, the u&s;e of <HI>Opium</HI> otherwi&s;e is dangerous. <HI>Avicenna</HI> mentions one that died upon applying <HI>Opium</HI> below. This or|der in the u&s;ing will create &s;ecurity; Fir&s;t, we mu&s;t u&s;e it outwardly, Then we mu&s;t put it in a &s;uppo|&s;itory, And then, if the Di&s;ea&s;e get ground,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> by the mouth. &para; The Son of <HI>D. N.</HI> after a tedious Tertian, was taken with a Loo&s;ne&s;s, &s;o vehement, that within three days his &s;trength was quite &s;pent, and was in great hazard of his Life. When I was called, I pre&s;cribed 1 drachm of powdered Rheu|barb, after which he was much wor&s;e. The day following, at the hour of &s;leep, I gave him a <HI>bolus</HI> of Ma&s;tick, and <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> each half a drachm, <HI>Lau|danum</HI> 4 grains. His Loo&s;ne&s;s &s;topt, yet he &s;lept not,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> the days following he went to &s;tool onely twice or thrice, and within a few days he was perfectly well.</P>
<P N="9">IX. When a Loo&s;ne&s;s is cured by the u&s;e of a Bath, it is cured by revul&s;ion. For <HI>Galen de rat. victus</HI> 58. &s;ays, <HI>In them that have a great Loo&s;ne&s;s a Bath &s;tops it: but they that have a co&s;tive body, mu&s;t not be bathed:</HI> The rea|&s;on is, becau&s;e the Bath makes revul&s;ion from the Centre of the Body. We have therefore &s;everal times cured old Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es by the Bath,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> which ma|ny have given over for incurable. &para; I was once taken with a cholerick Loo&s;ne&s;s, having &s;o great an acrimony, that it galled the <HI>Anus,</HI> and brought &s;harp|ne&s;s of Urine, part of the matter being tran&s;lated to Urine: A bloudy Flux was at hand.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> I went into a warm &s;emicupe, and I was immediately cured. &para; But there ought to be caution, le&s;t the Cachochimy be too great to be drawn to the Circumference by the Bath: for the Juices being melted, and the Inte|&s;tines and ve&s;&s;els that reach thither loo&s;ned and moi&s;t|ned, the Belly will be loo&s;er.</P>
<P N="10">X. We mu&s;t not &s;top it ra&s;hly, for, as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>To be loo&s;e for a day is good for ones health, or for more, &s;o there be no fever, and it &s;top within &s;even days, for the bo|dy is purged, and what would have done hurt, is beneficially di&s;|charged, but continuance is dangerous: for &s;ometimes it cau&s;es the Gripes, and a Fever, and con&s;umes the &s;trength.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. If the Loo&s;ne&s;s come from the Brain, the &s;tools are frothy, <HI>Hippocr.</HI> 7. 30. <HI>aphor.</HI> But we mu&s;t not tru&s;t this &s;ign alone, we mu&s;t enquire farther, whether the Brain carry any marks of harm, if there be a Catarrh, Deafne&s;s, any remarkable heavine&s;s or pain in the Head, inclination to &s;leep, e&s;pecially if he go oftner to &s;tool in the night than the day: for Phlegm may flow from the Brain, without wind mixt with it, which is the original of froth. Again humours contained in the Stomach and Guts, may admit a mixture of wind, and frothy excrements af|terward
<PB N="124" REF="68"> appear, but the head not hurt, which therefore mu&s;t not be tired with Medicines.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A certain man vomited after meal, at night al&s;o, &s;ometimes a thinner, &s;ometimes a thicker hu|mour, his head aked and was heavy. It was thought that all this &s;tore of Phlegm came from the Brain; divers remedies were tried, and at length a Seton, but all in vain. When the Body was opened, a <HI>Fi|&s;tula</HI> was found in his Stomach. In this ca&s;e &s;ome make an I&s;&s;ue in the top of the head, which is a re|medy as dolefull as it is fruitle&s;s. The &s;ick are not cured but con&s;umed by it; and all indeed out of an inveterate errour in opinion, that the Brain did daily fill it &s;elf with a phlegmatick liquor, and &s;ome|times poured it into the &s;tomach. But if the hu|mours of the Brain took this cour&s;e, an I&s;&s;ue in the crown of the Head could not &s;top it; for (as the common opinion &s;ays) the inner veins of the Brain &s;end this humour, which the&s;e I&s;&s;ues do not reach, neither can they empty them nor reach them. If any one may be thought to have been cured by them,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Seneiderus,</HI> l. de Cancr. Spec. p. <HI>439.</HI></NOTE> he might indeed &s;uffer a vomiting or Loo&s;|ne&s;s, but not to be imputed to the Brain.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. It is difficult to cure a Loo&s;ne&s;s from matter contained in the Me&s;enterick Ve&s;&s;els; neither Vo|mits, nor A&s;tringents, nor Diureticks, nor things that draw to the &s;uperficies of the body, are good for it. Not Vomits, for rea&s;ons before al|ledged. Not A&s;tringents, for if bad and corrupt matter be already gathered about the&s;e veins, they will &s;top the Flux, and will rai&s;e either a &s;welling or &s;ome ob&s;truction in the part: therefore 13 <HI>meth.</HI> 14. A&s;tringents are forbid in the beginning of an Inflammation of the Liver, le&s;t the humours being retained, the Inflammation &s;hould be encrea&s;ed. Not Diureticks, which &s;eems a Paradox, for <HI>Galen</HI> 5 <HI>meth.</HI> 3. and 13. <HI>meth.</HI> 11. teaches, <HI>that when the Inte&s;tines are out of order, the humours mu&s;t be carried off by urine,</HI> and for <HI>aphor. ult.</HI> 4. <HI>Sect.</HI> I take my rea&s;on for it from <HI>Galen.</HI> 7. <HI>meth.</HI> 11. who laying down the general method of curing Fluxes, teaches, That the humours mu&s;t ne|ver be carried from parts of le&s;s moment to tho&s;e of greater moment. Of the former &s;ort are the Guts, which being large can bear the quantity and quality of humours, without any great trouble. Of the latter are the Liver, Veins, Kidneys, Bladder, all which having narrow pa&s;&s;ages, be&s;ides the filth and acrimony, are apt either to breed the Stone, or Ul|cers, &s;harpne&s;s of Urine, or Strangury. And e&s;pe|cially becau&s;e the Guts them&s;elves are a fit place for the purgation of the humours beyond the gibbous part of the Liver: Neither may the&s;e humours be drawn to the habit of the body, &s;ince they cannot pa&s;s thither but by the Liver and common Veins, parts of moment: Nor may the opinion of &s;everal be followed, who for revul&s;ion apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the parts where the Flux begins, although they be noble, as if the Flux begin at the Liver, to the Li|ver; if at the Spleen, to the Spleen; for &s;o not onely the matter gathered there is retained there, but al&s;o new matter is drawn from the neighbouring places. What mu&s;t be done therefore? Three things mu&s;t be done. Fir&s;t of all the matter mu&s;t be brought away by Cly&s;ters, or a&s;tringent Purgers. Secondly, if it be thin and hot, it mu&s;t be thickned and cooled. Thirdly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> the Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be cured, whereby it was bred.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The cure of a wa&s;ting Flux (which is when nature cannot retain the humours, for &s;ome weakne&s;s from the alteration of temperament) con&s;i&s;ts in the re&s;titution of the temperament: &s;o a draught of cold water has cured &s;everal that have been &s;ick of heat; for whom walking in cool places, and cooling diet is good, without the u&s;e of A&s;tringents: On the con|trary they that labour under a cold intemperature, are benefited by &s;trong wine and food high &s;ea&s;oned; by heating frictions and anointings;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> for whom al&s;o the u&s;e of a&s;tringents is hurtfull.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Whether in wa&s;ting Fluxes (as &s;ome famous men have thought good) it be convenient to give purging Medicines indeed, but &s;uch as are apt to bind after evacuation, the <HI>ratio medendi,</HI> and a right method may inform us. For &s;eeing by &s;uch Fluxes, it is not the &s;uperfluities that are brought away ei|ther from the humours or the &s;olid parts; but it is either the humours them&s;elves, or the &s;olid parts, that are wa&s;ted, no man &s;hould by any means offer to purge, but onely ply the cau&s;es of Colliquation. For neither is Evacuation endeavoured by the Purge, proper for the colliquated matter, (&s;ince Nature brings that away of it &s;elf,) nor is it indicated by what is to be colliquated, &s;ince the onely indication to be taken in this Di&s;ea&s;e is that which hinders col|liquation: Which Colliquation a Purge may not onely not hinder, but increa&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>P. Salius,</HI> l. de febr. pe&s;tilent. c. <HI>24.</HI></NOTE> And how dangerous this is, let them tell you, who boldly attempting it, have brought the &s;ick into a dangerous condition.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Nor yet in the&s;e Fluxes is the u&s;e of a&s;trin|gent medicines approved; becau&s;e if that matter, which is &s;queezed out by colliquation, be altogether bad, and retained within the body of the &s;ick, it may doe more hurt when retained, than when voi|ded: for be&s;ide, that by its pravity it would conti|nually increa&s;e the Fever, &s;o al&s;o by its retention it would get a wor&s;e quality; whereupon it would increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, or it might with ea&s;e take its way to the heart, or other principal parts. Where|fore the Evacuation of matter already bred, mu&s;t be wholly le&s;t to Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> and the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t doe his utmo&s;t upon the cau&s;es of Colliquation.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Among the &s;everal differences of Fluxes of the belly a virulent or poi&s;onous Flux may be rec|koned for one; which if it be treated the common way, all that are &s;ick of it dye before you are a|ware. It differs from others not <HI>in Specie,</HI> or form, but onely in cau&s;e or manner; becau&s;e the cau&s;e is poi&s;onous, and the di&s;ea&s;e malignant. Therefore a <HI>diarrhoea, lienteria, dy&s;enteria</HI> and hepatick Flux may be poi&s;onous <HI>in genere,</HI> and <HI>in &s;pecie.</HI> For <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>aphor.</HI> 21. making mention of a Flux that was abroad in his days, in time of the Plague, &s;ays, that the excre|ments were yellow and red, and at la&s;t black. In the cure the Flux it &s;elf mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, di&s;|tinct from the poi&s;on. 2. The poi&s;on it &s;elf. In re&s;pect of this onely two remedies are nece&s;&s;ary; Drawers to the Skin and Alteratives: Nothing is better than the former. 1. Becau&s;e there is a due revul&s;ion from within to without. 2. Becau&s;e the poi&s;on is drawn to an ignoble part, that is the skin. It may be objected, if in curing of Fluxes there be indications taken from the matter, from the cau&s;es and affections, without the poi&s;on; if there be In|dications taken from the poi&s;on al&s;o, upon which mu&s;t we fall fir&s;t? Here we mu&s;t con&s;ider the way and manner of the Flux: for if it be &s;wift in moti|on, which the con&s;titution will &s;hew; and if be&s;ides it be malignant, we mu&s;t &s;treight oppo&s;e the poi&s;on: if it be chronical and le&s;s malignant, &s;o as to give &s;ome truce, we mu&s;t fir&s;t &s;atisfie the common &s;copes. Drawers either draw &s;pecifically, or by their heat: All the fir&s;t are poi&s;onous, which mu&s;t be &s;o cor|rected, that they may be fit to draw, not to cor|rupt the Body. Ve&s;icatories draw by heat, which hold the fir&s;t place; and they are convenient al&s;o in a colliquative, &s;harp and hot Flux. But the cau&s;e of the colliquation and heat mu&s;t be enquired into: for in poi&s;on, be&s;ide the occult quality, there is a heating, colliquating and putrefactive quality, &s;o that if the poi&s;on be not immediately got out, all things are given to no purpo&s;e. Therefore in a hot and colliquative Flux, &s;o it be with malignity, we may u&s;e Ve&s;icatories, Sinapi&s;ms, Baths of hot wa|ter, Frictions, Anointings, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es. Alte|ratives al&s;o act by an occult or manife&s;t quality: The occult, &s;ome by heat, &s;ome by cold; where the fluent matter, the cau&s;es and the di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be con&s;idered: if all of them con&s;pire in heat, as you may ob&s;erve for the mo&s;t part in malignant Fluxes,
<PB N="125" REF="68"> you mu&s;t u&s;e cold Alexitericks, as Unicorns horn, Hart&s;horn, Pearl, Bole Armenick, juice of Ci|tron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Ob&s;erve, in malignant Fluxes there mu&s;t be a great quantity of Medicines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and often re|peated.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. An inveterate <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> which often hap|pens to Scorbutick per&s;ons, mu&s;t by no means be &s;topt with a&s;tringents, neither is it ea&s;ily cured with alteratives, nor with any Anti&s;corbuticks. Spaw-waters, impregnated with Iron or Vitriol, are the be&s;t remedy for this di&s;ea&s;e: Next to the&s;e are medicinal or artificial Chalybeates, which doe much good. <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> well prepared may ju&s;tly be pre|fered before all others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. If a Loo&s;ne&s;s have a cough with it, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from a&s;tringents: But becau&s;e Medicines do bind either by their thick or by their vi&s;cid &s;ub|&s;tance, when there is a cough, a&s;tringents are u&s;ed, that have a vi&s;cid &s;ub&s;tance, &s;uch as Wheat-flower, Gum Tragacanth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> Comfrey and Plantain.</P>
<P N="20">XX. When a man has got the Pox, and has a Loo&s;ne&s;s with it, then <HI>Sar&s;a, China,</HI> and the new An|tidotes are good; for then we mu&s;t not de&s;i&s;t from <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> becau&s;e the di&s;ea&s;e depends on a venereal vi|rulence. Such a receipt as this may be proper; Take of juice of Sow-thi&s;tle depurated 2 drachms, powder of <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> 1 drachm, Gum Tragacanth-half a drachm, <HI>Spec. &egrave; &s;antalis</HI> half a drachm; mix them, make Bolus's. This Medicine alters the venereal virulence, and the Flux depending thereon: But becau&s;e Sow-thi&s;tle and <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> open and loo&s;en, to correct the <HI>Ba&s;is,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and e&s;pecially the <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> we may mix half a drachm of <HI>Spec. Tri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">n Santal.</HI> or <HI>Tragac.</HI></P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t have a care of &s;weet things; for they, becau&s;e cold and moi&s;t, make the matter more fluent and loo&s;e: Therefore they doe mo&s;t hurt, when the Loo&s;ne&s;s comes from a hot matter in a hot body. Nor may we u&s;e things that have Vinegar in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and we mu&s;t e&s;pecially ab&s;tain from that which is &s;harp, and from any quantity of it.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> 4. <HI>Probl.</HI> 18. thinks that <HI>Venus</HI> &s;ome|times &s;tops an old Loo&s;ne&s;s, and &s;o think <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Aetius.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> But it is not proper when there is a defect of innate heat.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Whether do a&s;tringent meats taken fir&s;t bind? Some alimentous a&s;tringents taken before meal bind the belly; but taken after meal loo&s;en it, as may be gathered from the con&s;triction of the Fibres: For when they are given before meal, the <HI>Pylorus</HI> is more &s;trengthened; whereas after meal, by acci|dent, the &s;ides of the Stomach being &s;traitned, it is made more lax: and this is particularly verified in Quinces. Whence al&s;o it is manife&s;t, that a&s;tringent Medicines them&s;elves cannot conveniently be given with meat. Moreover I have ob&s;erved that by acci|dent in per&s;ons of a more tender and lax texture, as to their Stomach and Guts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolf. Wedelius.</NOTE> a &s;typtick powder has cau&s;ed a Loo&s;ne&s;s.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Mulberries not ripe, but as yet &s;owre, dried in the Sun, then powdered and applied, and upon occa&s;ion given inwards, will make a great re&s;trin|gent Medicine for a Loo&s;ne&s;s, and may well be gi|ven to coeliack per&s;ons, who have been long &s;ick, in powder either with meat or drink.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Old Chee&s;e is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy, boiled till all the &s;altne&s;s be out; they to&s;te it fir&s;t, then after it is boiled they dry it. A drachm weight &s;tops a Flux wonderfully. &para; Al&s;o the inner rind of a Che&s;nut-tree is highly commended, for it &s;tops an old Flux.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> &para; Among all Medicines Ma&s;tick is mo&s;t commended, taken in juice of Quinces.</P>
<P N="3">3. Many have been mo&s;t ea&s;ily cured by taking new Cows Milk frequently, with Yelks of Eggs di&s;&s;olved in it. &para; There is al&s;o a bisket-bread, wherewith Elder-&s;eed is mixt, a drachm of which given in wine is highly commended.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Bo|rellus.</NOTE> Al&s;o bread made of Rye flower with juice of Elder is very good for all Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es.</P>
<P N="4">4. In a Flux of the Belly, that is very pertinaci|ous, a mo&s;t effectual remedy is propounded by <HI>Avi|cenna;</HI> and it is old &s;alt chee&s;e, which mu&s;t be often wa&s;hed and boiled, till it become altogether fre&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> The do&s;e is a drachm with juice of Quinces.</P>
<P N="5">5. One had a loo&s;ne&s;s 3 years, at la&s;t when he had eaten Grewel with Acorns in it, his Loo&s;ne&s;s was &s;topt. And after the univer&s;al remedies I u&s;e to give with &s;ucce&s;s 1 drachm of Plantain &s;eed pow|dered in a rear Egg.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. Take of Dragons bloud, Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;|tick, Mummy, <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> each 1 drachm. Bole Armenick 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Carab.</HI> Blood-&s;tone, each 1 drachm. Make a powder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> it de&s;erves com|mendation.</P>
<P N="7">7. This is of wonderfull Efficacy. Sugar of Ro&s;es di&s;&s;olved in juice of Quinces and Plantain water, heat and &s;trained, and given upon a fa&s;ting Stomach. &para; This is of incredible efficacy; Take of Quinces, or Pears, or Dates, green, 1 pound, &s;teep them in Vinegar and water; boil them, and add of Ro&s;es and Wormwood each 1 handfull, of Cummin&s;eed baked and &s;teeped in Vinegar, 3 drachms. Make a decoction, and ma&s;h them together. Add of <HI>Acacia,</HI> Ma&s;tick, each half an ounce, Coral 1 ounce, Cloves, Spikenard, each 1 drachm, Oil of Ro&s;es, unripe Olives and Myrtle, each 2 ounces and an half,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lud. Merca|tus.</NOTE> with 2 pounds of white Bread, or Bran, make a Cata|pla&s;m.</P>
<P N="8">8. A &s;ingular &s;ecret again&s;t the Flux of the Belly. Take &s;ome great and unripe Sloes, brui&s;e them, &s;train out the juice, coagulate it upon the fire, till it be dry and become a kind of yellow powder. Give half a drachm of this in water of Sloes or Plantain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Poppius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. Take of juice of &s;potted Ar&s;mart, Hou&s;leek, each 3 ounces. Boil them to a third part; they cer|tainly cure a Loo&s;ne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> though never &s;o invete|rate.</P>
<P N="10">10. For a Loo&s;ne&s;s, let Pidgeons dung be di&s;|&s;olved in water of Fleawort or Willow; or let it be boiled in rain water, and the feet wa&s;hed there|with. It is admirable and &s;ure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Dav. Ru|landus.</NOTE> &para; Al&s;o the dung mixt with &s;trong Vinegar, and laid upon the Navel, pre&s;ently &s;tops any Flux.</P>
<P N="11">11. Take a fat Turtle, pulled and drawn, wa&s;h her gently, put an ounce of new wax in her Belly, boil her in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water. Eat her up, and drink the Broth. I found this to be tru|ly &s;alutiferous in one who had been a long time &s;ick of a Loo&s;ne&s;s. &para; This has been proved by often ex|perience: Take a large quantity of Knot-gra&s;s, boil it in rain water. In this Decoction let the &s;ick party &s;et onely the Soles of his feet, afterwards let him cover his feet with water, let this be done thrice a day for three days, continually increa&s;ing the wa|ter, till it cover his Knees. I have known &s;everal cured in this manner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and it may be tried without any inconvenience or danger.</P>
<P N="12">12. In a chylous Flux e&s;pecially outward Medi|cines are of great efficacy, and are u&s;ed with le&s;s danger; as a Pla&s;ter of Lupine meal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> with oil of Nard, and the like.</P>
<P N="13">13. In any Flux and Pain of the Belly rain water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Stok|kerus.</NOTE> with Ma&s;tick boiled in it, taken warm is good. It is approved and certain.</P>
<P N="14">14. The Liver of a Wolf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacob. Syl|vius.</NOTE> if a Spoonfull of it be taken in a morning, is an excellent Remedy.</P>
<P N="15">15. Boil Knotgra&s;s in Wine Vinegar; &s;train it, dip a double cloth in it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">M. J. Witti|chius.</NOTE> and apply it to the Sto|mach, Navel and Back. It is an experiment, that has helped many.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="126" REF="69">
<HEAD><HI>Dolor,</HI> or, Pain or Ach.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Pain is cured by applying hot and cold things. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A violent one in the <HI>Os &s;acrum</HI> cured by applying a Cau|&s;tick. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An external one ea&s;ed by purging. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A violent one in the &s;houlder ea&s;ed. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Heel by application of a potential Cau&s;tick. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Several pains in the external parts are not from a defluxi|on. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of an Ach cau&s;ed by a fall. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By a Defluxion. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru. IX.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN this age of ours men u&s;e to cure &s;everal aches and ails, making no di&s;tinction, with &s;ome cold thing, as Egg-water, which is cold and binding al&s;o, in both which qualities it is repug|nant to the Ulcer. For all things that ea&s;e pain &s;hould loo&s;en; but the white of an Egg is altoge|ther binding, wherefore both it and all cooling things &s;eem inconvenient, and all hot things &s;eem helpfull, beneficent, and allayers of Pain. <HI>Fabius Columna</HI> had an angry &s;welling aro&s;e on the upper part of his thigh, much re&s;embling a Carbuncle, and while I looked after it, when &s;everal times I had cut off the uneven <HI>Callus</HI> from the <HI>Sinus</HI>'s and the edges thereof, I a&s;&s;uaged the bitterne&s;s of the pain, which mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity attend the cutting, by no other means than applying hot bricks in a cloth, and u&s;ing hot things. &para; One, who had a cancrous Ulcer in his tongue, was &s;o afflicted in the upper tuberous part of it, that he could not &s;peak a word, and when I had heat a &s;ilver &s;poon in the fire, and ap|plied it to the pained place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> he was forthwith rid of his pain, and moreover could &s;peak freely.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Dwarf, about 40 years old, had undergone a mo&s;t violent pain, for 2 months, in the lower part of the <HI>Os &s;acrum,</HI> whereupon he went mad. Several things were tried to no purpo&s;e. I applied one Cupping-gla&s;s to the pained place, and another a little below upon the Buttock, with deep &s;carifi|cations, which run much bloud, which being wiped off, I applied the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es again upon the &s;ca|rified places, and bloud ran again plentifully. The Patient &s;eemed rid of his Pain, yet the next day I ordered a great Cau&s;tick to be laid to the pained place, upon the very &s;carifications, and kept it there twenty four hours, &s;o that there was a broad E&s;char and to the very bone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sam Formi|us <HI>apud</HI> Ri|verium.</NOTE> After the E&s;char was taken off, it was cicatrized, and the Patient ea&s;ed of &s;o great a trouble.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>M. N.</HI> was &s;uddenly taken with mo&s;t &s;harp vagrant pains, that &s;ometimes tormented his Thighs, &s;ometimes his Knees, Legs and Feet, and &s;ometimes his Loins. A Phy&s;ician ordered five Pottingers of Bloud to be taken from him in an hour, and his pain no whit abating, he gave him a Pill of <HI>Laudanum,</HI> which gave him ea&s;e till next day at noon. But then his pains returning as &s;harp as ever, I pre&s;cribe him a <HI>Bolus</HI> of <HI>Diaprunum Solutivum</HI> half an ounce, Jalap 1 &s;cruple, to be taken even at night, which neverthele&s;s he would have &s;pent in mo&s;t grievous torture: it wrought ten times &s;uc|ce&s;sfully; for his pains were much abated, and quick|ly after quite gone. He was a melancholick man a|bout fifty; and had formerly been troubled with many pa&s;&s;ions of mind. Therefore I reckoned the&s;e pains came from a very &s;harp and thin &s;erous mat|ter, which was violently carried hither and thi|ther,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and that it ought to be quickly carried off by a purge.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Fernelius, cap. de Arthrit.</HI> writes, that the Gout in the &s;houlder is very painfull, yet that it neither &s;wells &s;o much, nor is &s;o red or hot, as in the <HI>Sciatica.</HI> As I was upon a journey, and did not &s;ufficiently guard my &s;elf from the raging cold, I experienced the&s;e pains. The pain was mo&s;t violent, hindring the motion of my arm, as it were tying it with a &s;tring to my body. I u&s;ed this Catapla&s;m, which did me good: Take of common Bole, Chalk, each 1 ounce and an half, Oil of Ro&s;es 1 ounce, Vinegar of Ro&s;es 6 drachms, Cream what is &s;ufficient; mix them upon Coals; add of Saffron 1 drachm; apply it hot with hempen Tow twice a day. Sometimes I added powder of Comfrey root and Oil of Chamae|mil. You mu&s;t ob&s;erve that as the pain cea&s;es, the Arm &s;ometimes withers: Therefore convenient fo|mentations, unguents and Pla&s;ters mu&s;t be u&s;ed, wrapping it in a Hare's skin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. One had a pain in his Heel &s;o &s;harp, violent and continual, with a Fever, that he could take no re&s;t, neither day nor night. His body was purged, and vomited for revul&s;ion &s;ake; he was bled in the Arm; all Anodynes were applied without &s;ucce&s;s; the part affected could &s;carce be perceived to be &s;welled, for the thickne&s;s of the Skin. At length a potential Cautery was applied to the pained part, after &s;ome hours the E&s;char was &s;eparated with a Razor, one drop or two of ichorous matter drop|ped out;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> The Ulcer was kept open for &s;ome days af|ter the fall of the E&s;char, and powder of Precipi|tate was &s;trowed upon it.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Divers Pains and Tumours al&s;o, which are vulgarly a&s;cribed to Defluxions, are produced by the effu&s;ion of the <HI>Lympha</HI> out of its ve&s;&s;els, that are di&s;tributed through the habit of the body, and ob|&s;tructed, and then broken: Among which they are not in the la&s;t place, which po&s;&s;e&s;s the upper part of the Arm to the Shoulder, and &s;ometimes afflict the Neck al&s;o: To which al&s;o may be referred tho&s;e that &s;tick in the hips, and counterfeit the <HI>Sciatica</HI> pain, and hin|der walking. Some of the&s;e pains will endure the parts affected to be covered with many cloths, and kept warm; others are exa&s;perated with covering, there|fore they give way, and are cured with more diffi|culty than the former. They ari&s;e commonly from external cold, that pierces tho&s;e parts, as they are in a &s;weat, and often lie bare in the night, and that, after Phlegm is coagulated in the Lymphatick Ve&s;|&s;els, and an Ob&s;truction, and then a breach made in them, produces according to the diver&s;ity of the <HI>Lympha,</HI> divers Aches, and &s;uch as give place onely to various medicines. For a <HI>Lympha</HI> that is &s;harp, cau&s;es more gnawing pains, and &s;uch as yield onely to aromatick Oils and Unguents. But one that is more briny &s;alt, breeds pains that will not yield to aromatick Oils and Unguents. The ob&s;truction of the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els will be prevented by taking care that the Body grow not too hot; if this cannot be pre|vented, by having a care, le&s;t by keeping the brea&s;t open it cool on a &s;udden, and by con&s;equent the Phlegm that is in fu&s;ion, and diffu&s;ed every way, be &s;trongly concrete and coagulated in &s;everal Ve&s;&s;els, and therefore in the Lymphatick. The &s;ame ob|&s;truction may be cured, if, as &s;oon as ever the&s;e mentioned cau&s;es have obtained, and there is any fear that they have done any mi&s;chief, an attenua|tive and inciding Sudorifick be taken either all at once, or at &s;everal times. The Lymphatick ve&s;&s;els, when broken, will heal of them&s;elves, after they are freed from ob&s;truction, as we &s;ee it falls out in bloud ve&s;&s;els, for the proper aliment of every part is indued with a conglutinating faculty, becau&s;e more or le&s;s tenacious and vi&s;cous. Aches ari&s;ing in the Limbs, and e&s;pecially in the upper part of the Arm, that are mo&s;t trouble&s;ome at night, after the redundance of the &s;erous humour, if there be any, is dimini&s;hed by Hydragogues and Sudorificks al&s;o, may be taken away by anointing the part affected with the following liniment. Take of <HI>&V;nguentum Mar|tiatum,</HI>
<PB N="127" REF="69"> Oil of Worms each half an ounce, Oil of Amber 1 &s;cruple. Mix them. But if the pain be increa&s;ed either by this liniment or onely with clo|thing, we mu&s;t u&s;e this following; Take of <HI>&V;nguen|tum Popul. Nervinum,</HI> each 2 drachms, Oil of white Lilies 3 drachms. Mix them. But if the &s;ame pains affect the Hip, and have &s;o &s;eized the lower part of the Spine e&s;pecially, that the Body can &s;carce be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eared upright, and moved, <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris Terebin|thinatus</HI> is mo&s;t excellent, if the part affected be a|nointed with a few drops of it, with which in one night I have cured &s;everal mi&s;erable per&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. A Woman lay ill of a violent pain about her Hip, cau&s;ed by a fall, anointing with Oils gave her no ea&s;e. By chance I had &s;ome Melilot Pla&s;ter rea|dy, I ordered it to be &s;pread on a cloth, and to be applied about night: in the morning &s;he could ri&s;e, and &s;it at the Table, whereas before &s;he was not in the lea&s;t able to &s;tir her &s;elf. I have &s;everal times applied the &s;ame to people that have got aches by a fall,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thonerus, <HI>Ob&s;erv.</HI></NOTE> and with &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. When the &s;ame woman was troubled with a great pain about her &s;houlders, &s;hooting through her whole right arm, cau&s;ed by a deep &s;carification, the Knife being thru&s;t deeper in than it ought, when other things would doe her no good, &s;he u&s;ed this: Take of Oil of Earth-worms half an ounce, Bad|ger's grea&s;e, Fox-grea&s;e, each 2 drachms. Mix them. Anoint the &s;carified places: And rub the arm with water di&s;tilled of Swallows and Ca&s;tor hot.</P>
<P>When the &s;ame woman was tormented night and day with a violent pain in her right arm, beginning at her &s;houlder, and extending it &s;elf all over the arm with a &s;welling, and &s;he could not lift it up; in a few days the pain and &s;welling were di&s;&s;olved by the following means; Take of <HI>Empla&s;t. Diacalcit.</HI> 1 ounce, Melilot half an ounce. Mix them. Spread then on a cloth.</P>
<P>A Maid being tormented with a pain in her right arm, was cured in one day with a Pla&s;ter of Gum <HI>Tacamahaca;</HI> as &s;everal others where the cau&s;e was not hot.</P>
<P><HI>M. N.</HI> was tormented with an inten&s;e pain in her Loins cau&s;ed by a Defluxion; Take the crum of a white loaf, &s;teept in Cow's milk, then pa&s;&s;ed through a bra&s;s &s;ieve, adding Yelks of Eggs, and fre&s;h butter, and the following Oil; Take of Oil of Chamaemil, Dill, white Lilies, each 2 ounces, oil of Earth|worms 1 ounce and an half: Of which take what is &s;ufficient for once, and apply it hot with a cloth. She pre&s;ently &s;ound ea&s;e.</P>
<P>A Widow 70 years of age had a violent pain in her loins. Take of Ointment of Mar&s;hmallows. <HI>Anodyn.</HI> each 2 &s;cruples, fat of a Rabbet 1 drachm and an half, Oil of Scorpions 2 drachms. Mix them. The pain pre&s;ently cea&s;ed.</P>
<P>In Aches of the armes and feet I have often found fre&s;h Cows dung with Oil of Ro&s;es doe good.</P>
<P>A Woman with Child was tormented with a kind of convul&s;ive pain in her thighs. Take Oil of Swal|lows with Ca&s;tor 1 ounce, Treacle water, Cepha|lick water, Spirit of Lily Convall, each 2 drachms. Mix them. Chafe it warm. She was quickly well.</P>
<P>A Woman was troubled with a rackinig pain in her right Arm, from her Shoulder to her Fingers ends, &s;o that &s;he cried out: Take Oil of Earth|worms half an ounce, Fat of a Man's Skull, of a Badger, each 2 drachms; mix them. She was quickly re&s;tored.</P>
<P>A Noble-man was cured of a chronical pain in his right arm by applying <HI>Oxycroceum</HI> Pla&s;ter, having u&s;ed other things to no purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Two great men who had been long afflicted with a violent pain in their Shoulders, were at la&s;t cured with this remedy; Take Soap, di&s;&s;olve it in <HI>Aqua vi|tae,</HI> and apply it.</P>
<P>This cured a Woman of a violent pain in her feet; Take of <HI>&V;nguent. Alaba&s;tr. Anod.</HI> each half <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n ounce, Oil of Worms 2 drachms, Camphire 2 grains;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> mix them.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In mitigating and driving away all pains of the nervous parts coming from a cold cau&s;e, and from Contu&s;ions, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> &s;eems to have the preheminence, becau&s;e of its amicable and peculiar faculty in &s;trengthening the Nerves, and di&s;&s;olving any inherent matter. A woman, after a Pal&s;ie in her left &s;ide, was tormented with a very bitter pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> all over her Chine, and in the Knee and Toes of her left Leg, and had a kind of convul&s;ive motion in them: but &s;he was quite rid of her trouble in three or four times anointing. A Merchant was troubled with a very grievous <HI>Sciatica,</HI> and when o|ther Ointments were in vain, he anointed the place affected with this Bal&s;am hot, to his great comfort.</P>
<P>A Maid had pricked her right hand with a &s;pin|dle, after the Chirurgeon had cured the wound, &s;he was much pained, and when other Ointments did no good, &s;he was cured by anointing with this Bal&s;am.</P>
<P>When I felt &s;ome trouble from a Contu&s;ion of my right Hand, which la&s;ted above a month,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">em.</NOTE> it went away at thrice anointing.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Fat and Marrow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> if they be converted chymi|cally into Oil, are accounted a pre&s;ent Remedy to ea&s;e pains.</P>
<P N="2">2. An excellent Oil to allay all pains in children. Take Oil of Dill, Chamaemil, each 6 drachms, Rue, liquid <HI>Styrax,</HI> each 3 drachms, powder of Cummin-&s;eed 1 drachm and an half. Let them boil up once.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leon. Favel|linus.</NOTE> Strain it, and keep it for u&s;e, wherewith the pained place may be anointed.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Sulphur vitrioli Anodynum</HI> is an excellent Ano|dyne; Take of Hungarian Vitriol what is &s;ufficient, boil it in di&s;tilled water for an hour, throw in pieces of plated Steel, boil it for an hour, &s;o an excellent Sulphur will be extracted from the plates; bru&s;h it off with a bru&s;h into hot water, it may be repeated to a total extraction. Edulcorate this Sulphur with Ro&s;e-water, and keep it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Phara|mun<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Rheu|melius.</NOTE> The do&s;e is three or four grains, with Syrup of Popies; it a&s;&s;uages all pain, and cau&s;es &s;leep.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take of the &s;econd rind of green Elder boughs &s;craped off with a Knife 1 handfull, boil it in &s;weet Oil with water, to the con&s;umption of the water; when it is &s;trained add a little Wax to it.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ob&s;erv.</HI> Ri|verio com|munic.</NOTE> Make an Ointment. It a&s;&s;uages all pain cau&s;ed by Bli&s;|ters, and is an excellent remedy.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Lapis Prunellae</HI> di&s;&s;olved in &s;ome liquor, as in Night-&s;hade water, is of great efficacy in a&s;&s;uaging any pains,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinck.</NOTE> who&s;e true cau&s;e is inward or outward Inflammations.</P>
<P N="6">6. <HI>Sanctorius</HI> in his Commentary upon <HI>Avicenna,</HI> for ea&s;ing the mo&s;t violent pains, when dige&s;ting Ano|dynes have been applied to no purpo&s;e before, touches the part pained with a Bladder full of cold water, quickly, and removes it again without any delay, and repeats this three or four times, and &s;o, he writes, the pains are ea&s;ed.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="128" REF="70">
<HEAD><HI>Dy&s;enteria,</HI> or, The Bloudy Flux.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Letting of bloud &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit is often proper. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by a Vomit. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What mu&s;t be done if a man cannot take a purge when it is ne|ce&s;&s;ary? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Rheubarb may be given. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it is hurtfull. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The manner of giving it. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Tamarinds, and their correction. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> be proper to purge withall? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his cure of an epidemick, cholerick one. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters are very proper. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of fat ones hurtfull. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringent ones mu&s;t be u&s;ed with caution. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cooling ones mu&s;t not be given ra&s;hly. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what cautions A&s;tringents &s;hould be u&s;ed. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of dry things and powders &s;u&s;pected in Cly&s;ters. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opiates in them mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The degrees of Deter&s;ives. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about the u&s;e of them. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the remaining Co&s;tivene&s;s may be removed. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of A&s;tringents &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come of &s;alt Phlegm, we mu&s;t u&s;e A&s;tringents with cau|tion. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of A&s;tringent and glutinous powders is to be preferred be|fore Pills or <HI>Bolus's. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Chalybeates be proper? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by drinking cold Water. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The damages of one &s;topt un&s;ea&s;onably. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> in a de&s;perate one. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of Milk be whol&s;ome? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mu&s;t be u&s;ed with prudence. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hurt of <HI>Laudanum. XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Diureticks are &s;ea&s;onable? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Natural Waters how u&s;efull? <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The internal u&s;e of Wax is beneficial. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency and correction of a Nutmeg. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Oils hurtfull. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of outward Medicines. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Dy&s;entery without bloud. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The de&s;cription and cure of an epidemick one. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Diet &s;hould be? <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What the Meat? <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What the Drink? <HI>XLII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. LEtting of bloud is called into que&s;tion by ma|ny: 1. Becau&s;e no mention is made of it either by <HI>Galen,</HI> or the Arabians. 2. Becau&s;e when the Belly is loo&s;e, bloud mu&s;t not be taken away. 3. Le&s;t Choler &s;hould grow fierce. But <HI>Trallianus</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> let bloud, whom others follow, and de&s;erved|ly; becau&s;e when it is indicated and permitted, bloud &s;hould be let. The Indicant is, Bloud offen|ding either in &s;ub&s;tance, quantity or motion: The Permittent is &s;trength to bear it. As to the Argu|ments, 1. The fir&s;t concludes nothing. 2. <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> &s;ays, that <HI>Galen</HI>'s Maxime, <HI>When the Belly is loo&s;e,</HI> &amp;c. has killed more than it has cured: For when one evacuation is the cure of another evacuation, it &s;hould by all means be permitted; but not when it is critical.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">6. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> 3. Sharp and bilious humours forbid in|deed a great quantity of bloud, but not bleeding at all. &para; Others reject Bloud-letting, becau&s;e bile rather offends than bloud. 2. Becau&s;e it conduces nothing to the cure of an Ulcer. 3. Becau&s;e by watchings and fevers it farther ca&s;ts down &s;trength, which is already weak by often going to &s;tool. 4. Becau&s;e when the Belly is loo&s;e, it is not lawfull to let bloud, according to <HI>Galen.</HI> But it is the opi|nion of the skilfull, when there is a Fever, and an inflammation of the Inte&s;tines (accompanying the Ulcer for the mo&s;t part) that bloud &s;hould be let in the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, before the &s;trength be any more wa&s;ted with the Flux; for by means of Phlebotomy the &s;harp humours and bloud that run violently to the Inte&s;tines, are drawn back; and by it fear of an inflammation is removed, pain is ea&s;ed, the Fever extingui&s;hed, the heat of the Liver abated, and the evil di&s;po&s;ition removed. As to the contrary rea&s;ons, 1. Bloud does not always offend as a principal cau&s;e, but ever as an a&s;&s;i&s;ting cau&s;e, and without which the Flux could not be, which faults Bloud-letting helps. 2. Bloud-letting draws away the humours that run to the ulcerated place. 3. It mu&s;t be celebrated in the beginning be|fore the &s;trength be much wa&s;ted. 4. Bloud-letting hurts &s;ome Fluxes, and any that has much &s;pent a man; but this not at all, if performed in the be|ginning. &para; <HI>Vale&s;cus de Taranta</HI> &s;ays thus: <HI>A very old man had been mi&s;erably tormented with a Bloudy flux for three months, and when I was called into con&s;ultation, I, contrary to to the opinion of all the other Phy&s;icians, ordered him to be let bloud, and he pre&s;ently recovered. &para; I. C. Claudinus</HI> &s;ays he can &s;afely &s;wear, that in an epidemick Dy&s;entery in his time, he &s;aved &s;everal mens lives by this kind of remedy, and ha&s;tened their recovery.</P>
<P N="2">II. They that &s;u&s;pect a Vomit, rely upon <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> his opinion in <HI>Coacis,</HI> where he &s;ays, that <HI>in dy|&s;enterick per&s;ons cholerick vomiting in the beginning is a grie|vous evil.</HI> But there he &s;peaks of a &s;pontaneous vo|miting, which is bad indeed, becau&s;e it is &s;ympto|matick, and denotes the di&s;po&s;ition of a fierce hu|mour, the notorious di&s;order of the Bowels, the weakne&s;s of the retentive faculty, and &s;ome hurt in the Stomach, which is co-affected: But a vomiting cau&s;ed by art may be convenient, if the Patient have an inclination to vomit, and the humours &s;tag|nate in the Stomach; for revul&s;ion is made from the part affected. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf, <HI>l. de affect. n.</HI> 2. ad|vi&s;es vomiting. <HI>When,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>you have purged the head, give a medicine in drink, which purges Phlegm up|wards. &para; Amatus</HI> follows him, <HI>centur.</HI> 2. <HI>curat.</HI> 44. <HI>in Scholio,</HI> where he &s;ays; <HI>If a Phy&s;ician could retract up|wards the bilious and &s;harp humour, that runs to the Inte&s;tines, and breeds the Bloudy-Flux, and could evacuate it by vomit; doubtle&s;s it were a fooli&s;h thing, and contrary to</HI> Galen<HI>'s rules, to carry the matter through the Inte&s;tines, which are full of &V;lcers: But when the Phy&s;ician is not able to attain this, yet he ought to endeavour it to his power, and con&s;equently effect it by purging Medicines. &para; Mercatus</HI> confirms this in the&s;e words; <HI>You mu&s;t tran&s;late the humours to another place by bloud-letting, purging and vomiting, e&s;pecially in &s;alt phlegm; for by this way I have &s;een long Dy&s;enteries cured.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. A young man twenty years of age, about the end of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> 1643. had been &s;ick of a Bloudy-flux for twenty days, which he had taken no care of by any Medicine, till being brought to an Ho&s;pital, he took, by the pre&s;cription of the Phy&s;ician, a drachm of Salt of Vitriol di&s;&s;olved in water: He vomited much phlegmatick and cholerick &s;tuff, and &s;o revul|&s;ion was made of the humour flowing to the In|te&s;tines, and he was cured by this onely remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Why &s;hould any man purge in a Dy&s;entery? Will he not draw excrements to the part affected? Certainly he mu&s;t. In the mean time therefore does he not doe harm? Undoubtedly; yet purging pre|&s;erves many from a malignant Dy&s;entery, timely car|rying off great plenty of juices: Becau&s;e the Guts are much more exulcerated, while the excrements flow to them by little and little, than when a great quantity runs through them at once. Therefore pur|ging does not take away the danger, which is im|pending from the juices them&s;elves, but what at|tends their tarrying and &s;low Flux. For this rea|&s;on, if a purge mu&s;t be given in a Dy&s;entery, it mu&s;t be done quickly, becau&s;e when the di&s;ea&s;e is far gone, it will be undertaken in vain. Nor yet may we u&s;e this kind of cure in all Dy&s;enteries, for it has &s;omething of ra&s;hne&s;s in it to call all the ex|crements
<PB N="129" REF="70"> to that place, whither, to the Man's great hurt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>Sect.</HI> 6. Epidem.</NOTE> they flow of them&s;elves; but then onely, when a malignant Dy&s;entery is imminent, and when no other moderate cure, which is performed by deter&s;ives and a&s;tringents, &s;eems &s;ufficient. &para; What occa&s;ion there may be for Purging, I will tell you in &s;hort, Either there is in the Dy&s;enterick per&s;on with a great Cacochymie no great exulce|ration: Or with a great exulceration, a &s;mall ca|cochymie: Or both the cacochymie and exulcera|tion are &s;mall; Or both great. If the fir&s;t, he &s;hould be Purged: If the &s;econd, not but &s;hould take Diureticks, Sweats and Vomits, and the Ul|cer &s;hould be cured by Topicks inward and out|ward: If the third, there is no need of Purging, nor much of local Medicines; but of a good diet, and &s;ome gentle evacuation and derivation. If the fourth, it is incurable; and you mu&s;t either doe nothing at all, or onely for trial's &s;ake, as in a de|&s;perate ca&s;e. For &s;uch cures have &s;ometimes &s;uc|ceeded: Nor am I again&s;t that of <HI>Cel&s;us;</HI> Oftentimes whom Rea&s;on could not help, Ra&s;hne&s;s has help|ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If a Man be aver&s;e to Purging Medicines, or for &s;ome rea&s;on be willing to u&s;e them; yet the Flux mu&s;t by no means be &s;topt pre&s;ently: It is bet|ter for &s;ome days to wa&s;h the Guts with Broth of Fre&s;h-meat, Capons, Hens, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which may be added Oil-Olive, or of Sweet-almonds, or fre&s;h-Butter. Such Broths nouri&s;h much, wa&s;h and clean&s;e the Guts, and mitigate pain, with addition of the Yelk of an Egg or two.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildanus,</HI> l. de Dy&s;ente|ria. c. 8.</NOTE> When the Patient has u&s;ed the&s;e Broths four or five days, then he may have recour&s;e to things that &s;top the Flux.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Joh. Matthaeus Faber,</HI> among many learned ob|&s;ervations, hath this one that de&s;erves notice, That in long <HI>Diarrhoeas</HI> and Dy&s;enteries, the Guts are made as thin as Cobwebs; wherefore, in the cure of &s;uch Symptoms, the time &s;hould be diligently at|tended: For in the beginning he thinks a Man may Purge with Rheubarb; but if the Flux have conti|nued long, he thinks we &s;hould ab&s;tain from &s;uch dry Purgers. But if perchance a Phy&s;ician, rely|ing on that indication, will &s;o perform the cure, Tamarinds and Syrup of Ro&s;es are &s;ufficient for that; otherwi&s;e drine&s;s is increa&s;ed, and di&s;ea&s;e ad|ded to di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A Dy&s;enterick Flux mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, but the humour that cleaves to the in|te&s;tines, and frets and exulcerates them, mu&s;t be pre&s;ently clean&s;ed and evacuated, before the inte|&s;tines be wor&s;e hurt, and a greater exulceration fol|low; which cannot be better done than by Rheu|barb. Yet we mu&s;t ob&s;erve if the vitious humours be too much fermented, and in violent motion, and there be fear le&s;t they be irritated by the gentle&s;t lenitive,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> and &s;hould fall with more violence on the part affected, then Rheubarb does no good, but &s;ometimes ca&s;ts the &s;ick per&s;ons into certain ha|zard.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Augenius</HI> &s;teeps Rheubarb in Plantain-water for a night, in the morning, after he has &s;trained it gently, he throws away the Infu&s;ion, and gives the &s;ub&s;tance in Syrup of Ro&s;es, Whey, or the like, with good &s;ucce&s;s: for &s;o he &s;ays, the heat and attractive virtue of the Rheubarb are qualified. &para; Rheubarb by vehement to&s;ting lo&s;es all its Purgative virtue, and contracts an <HI>Empyreuma:</HI> But if you de&s;ire its more a&s;tringent virtue, you mu&s;t make u&s;e of the part remaining after extraction of the Tincture, with Cichory or Plantain-water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. If the Dy&s;entery be far gone, and there be a Fever, we mu&s;t proceed cautiou&s;ly in the u&s;e of Pur|gatives. Therefore 6 drachms of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> with 3 drachms of Pulp of Tamarinds mu&s;t be given pre|&s;ently, after which two pound of Goats-whey, pre|pared, mu&s;t be given. Nor need we, with <HI>Fore&s;tus,</HI> fear the &s;owrene&s;s of the Tamarinds, as irritating the Ulcer, becau&s;e it is re&s;trained both by the <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> and the Whey, as <HI>Heurnius</HI> has con&s;idered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis</NOTE> and in the mean time it binds and dries the Ul|cer.</P>
<P N="10">X. Some que&s;tion whether <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia fi&s;tula</HI> may be made u&s;e of to Purge withall? Some are again&s;t it, be|cau&s;e it is lenitive and moi&s;t, and &s;o fitter to in|crea&s;e the flux and the di&s;ea&s;e than to cure it. Be|&s;ides, as <HI>Me&s;ues</HI> writes, it hurts them that have weak Inte&s;tines: Moreover they add, that at this time there are &s;afer Medicines. But we may ex|pect &s;everal advantages from <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> which we cannot have from other things; for it is a lenitive Medi|cine, but not &s;uch an one, as makes the matter more liquid, for it voids the excrements hard. Be&s;ides, as <HI>Me&s;ues</HI> &s;ays, it breaks the Acrimony and heat of the Bile and Bloud, and their Inflammation, and it a&s;&s;wages the pain of the Inflammation: for there mu&s;t always be an Inflammation, &s;ometimes greater, &s;ometimes le&s;s, becau&s;e there is one in all Ulcers. And if Milk be commended by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> this mu&s;t needs doe much better, e&s;pecially if we add any thing that dries, &s;uch as are Plantain-&s;eeds, wa&s;hed Hart&s;horn, and other things. Now it is &s;aid to hurt the Inte&s;tines, becau&s;e it is moi&s;t and &s;lip|pery, which does no harm in a Dy&s;entery, in which, by rea&s;on of bile and acrimony, the Inte&s;tines are dried and parched; wherefore it may doe good, e&s;pecially as it makes a fence for the Inte&s;tines, and by gently Purging clean&s;es the filth from the Ul|cers: Which will &s;ucceed &s;o much the better,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus in Cel&s;um.</NOTE> if for drying up the Ulcers, we add drying Powders and Medicines, &s;uch as Syrup of Ro&s;es <HI>(you may put in Tamarinds, that are cold and dry)</HI> and the <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> may be given in le&s;s quantity.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The Dy&s;entery mu&s;t be attributed both to the abundance and &s;harpne&s;s of bile (cau&s;ed by the heat of the Air, as al&s;o a bilious <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> has for the mo&s;t part its ri&s;e from thence) and to the &s;harp|ne&s;s of the pancreatick juice, cau&s;ed partly by the too much u&s;e and abu&s;e of the like things, and part|ly by the &s;ub&s;equent coldne&s;s of the Air in the Month of <HI>November.</HI> For in a Dy&s;entery the Inte&s;tines are Ulcerated and fretted, and there is a plentifull excretion of bloud, but e&s;pecially of <HI>Pus:</HI> There|fore it mu&s;t be produced by &s;uch a cau&s;e as is naturally apt to fret the Guts and cau&s;e an Ulcer; Therefore by a &s;harp humour. They are in an er|rour therefore, that derive a Dy&s;entery from Bile alone, what way &s;oever corrupted or made &s;harper by it &s;elf: for after the lixivious Salt of the Bile is made extreme &s;harp, then indeed it will any where el&s;e, as well as in the &s;mall guts, cau&s;e a Gangrene, but never an Ulcer: for an Ulcer is an effect of an acid, not of a lixivial. Therefore, unle&s;s an acid and &s;harp humour be joined with the Bile, it will never cau&s;e a Dy&s;entery, which onely an acid and &s;harp humour, falling upon the Inte&s;tines, can pro|duce. Hence, becau&s;e the abundance of this acid had its original, &s;ometimes from acid Medicines u&s;ed prepo&s;terou&s;ly, and in too great quantity, &s;ometimes from the extreme &s;harpne&s;s of the Air in the Month of <HI>November;</HI> the&s;e things conduced to its cure. 1. The avoiding of the cold and &s;harp air. 2. The u&s;e of Medicines, that concentre and &s;oak up an Acid, as Coral, Pearl, Crabs eyes, Chalk; and for the quicker healing of the fretted Guts and Ve&s;&s;els, Dragons-bloud, Bloud-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. The clean&s;ing and healing of the fretted Guts, by Cly&s;ters made of Cows-milk, Venice Turpentine, Yelks of Eggs, and Honey of Ro&s;es, given fre|quently, and kept as long in the body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius, <HI>Ap|pend. Tract.</HI> 10. <HI>Sect.</HI> 296. <HI>&amp;</HI> 772.</NOTE> as conveni|ently they may, that they may doe the Patient the more good. For which purpo&s;e new Treacle, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> &amp;c. may be made u&s;e of.</P>
<P N="12">XII. In the opening of &s;everal Dy&s;enterick per|&s;ons, Bloud has onely been ob&s;erved in the thicker guts, and not in the &s;maller. And why onely in the thicker and not in the &s;mall? I believe for no other rea&s;on, than becau&s;e the corroding humour
<PB N="130" REF="71"> ea&s;ily pa&s;&s;es from the upper Inte&s;tines, wherefore no excoriation or corro&s;ion can be cau&s;ed there, as it happens in the thicker, e&s;pecially in the Colon, where e&s;pecially the morbifick humour &s;tagnating becau&s;e of its turnings, corrodes its coats unmea|&s;urably. Therefore I judged ab&s;ter&s;ive Cly&s;ters, and Spaw-waters very good, and I found them &s;o; with re&s;pect neverthele&s;s to,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">na<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lus, <HI>Pen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ic.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> and not neglecting the morbifick cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In the Bloudy-flux, many at the very fir&s;t u&s;e Cly&s;ters of a boiled Sheep's-head, whereby, no doubt, the Ulcers grow foul, which makes them wor&s;e. It is better to begin with ab&s;ter&s;ives, and by degrees proceed to a&s;tringent and glutinous Me|dicines: for fat are made u&s;e of in re&s;pect onely of a Symptome, that is, Pain. <HI>Galen</HI> takes notice of it 12 <HI>Meth. When the Sto<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ls in a Bloudy-flux are very fret|ting, we give a Cly&s;ter of juice of</HI> Tragum, <HI>or Goat's Sewet, or Ointment of Ro&s;es; by which means certainly the exulcera|tion in the Guts it &s;elf is not cured, e&s;pecially if there be any thing putrid in them, but ea&s;e is given. And this is to op|po&s;e the Symptome and neglect the di&s;ea&s;e for a while.</HI> In which Di&s;cour&s;e, not onely they are reprehended, that u&s;e mere fat things, but they that mix Goat's-&s;ewet with other things, when there is no pain; and they al&s;o that think Sewet dries. &para; <HI>Augerius Fer|rerius Ca&s;tigat. c.</HI> 25. reckons Yelks of Eggs among fat things, with which, and with fat things any In|flammation is increa&s;ed. &para; <HI>Crato in Analogi&s;mo</HI> gives a caution concerning Sewet, that no Phy&s;ician ever u&s;e it without Oil.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A&s;tringent Cly&s;ters are not &s;o &s;afe as Poti|ons, wherefore no man may ra&s;hly mix a&s;tringent things in Cly&s;ters; becau&s;e by the u&s;e of them, the things that fret the Guts &s;tick clo&s;er to them, and now and then make the exulceration and the Tor|ment greater.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. In all fluxes of the Belly, much of the in|nate heat goes out with the excrements, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that the Stomach is cooled, and the concoctive faculty &s;poiled. Nor can it be doubted, but that in a Bloudy-flux, by frequent in|jection of cooling Cly&s;ters, the Stomach al&s;o mu&s;t be much cooled through its continuity with the Guts: Which thing the multitude of flatulencies and cru|dity of Excrements declare. Therefore the Anci|ents, in the Bloudy-flux, added to their a&s;tringents, heating and concocting Medicines, as Wormwood, Mint, Ca&s;tor, Ma&s;tick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or &s;uch things as might pre&s;erve the innate heat from being extingui&s;hed with cold things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Ferre|rius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. As a ha&s;ty and over-much u&s;e of A&s;trin|gents is hurtfull, the flux of the humours being un|&s;ea&s;onably &s;topt, and the body made co&s;tive, whence a perpetual co&s;tivene&s;s and drine&s;s thereof u&s;ually remains; &s;o a &s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of them is altogether nece&s;&s;ary, to the end the rheumatick di&s;po&s;ition re|maining may be taken away, and the retentive fa|culty, the weakne&s;s whereof upholds the Flux, may be &s;trengthned. But we mu&s;t u&s;e them upon the&s;e conditions. 1. According to <HI>Crato's</HI> advice, before the &s;eventh day they mu&s;t neither be u&s;ed inward|ly nor outward, till the Ulcers of the Guts be fir&s;t well clean&s;ed. 2. Sometimes we mu&s;t chu&s;e cold things, &s;ometimes hot, according to the nature of the Humour. 3. Coolers mu&s;t be corrected with things that are hot and help concoction; for by the continual Flux the heat of the Stomach and Guts is dimini&s;hed; the crudity of the excrements is a &s;ign of it. 4. They mu&s;t be given in a &s;mall do&s;e, but often; fir&s;t, le&s;t the Flux &s;hould be &s;taid too &s;oon, and that the virtue of the Medicines may more ea&s;ily be exerted by nature: Next, le&s;t they &s;hould be wa&s;ht away by the fluent humours, be|fore they exert their virtue. 5. We mu&s;t begin with the gentler and weaker &s;ort, as Syrup of Quin|ces, or compound Marmalede of Quinces. <HI>Hartman</HI> &s;ays, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve in general, that no Flux mu&s;t be &s;topt on a &s;udden, except in a Phthi&s;ick or Pe|ripneumony.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, not to u&s;e dry things too liberally in dy&s;enterick Cly&s;ters, &s;uch as Dra|gon's-bloud, Coral, <HI>Trochi&s;ci albi Rha&s;is,</HI> and <HI>de Spodio,</HI> for they cau&s;e greater pain, and oftentimes a new Flux: But if any Man have a mind to u&s;e &s;uch things, let him chu&s;e <HI>&V;nguentum album Rha&s;is,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercatus,</HI> de in <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>31.</HI></NOTE> or <HI>&V;nguentum ex Pompholyge,</HI> or &s;uch things as are dry and clammy, as Bole Armenick, <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> Starch, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Some put Opiates in dy&s;enterick Cly|&s;ters, but ami&s;s; for <HI>Minadous,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> a Doctour of <HI>Padua</HI> ob&s;erved, that all tho&s;e, who by the advice of their Phy&s;icians, u&s;ed opiate Cly&s;ters, died; The rea&s;on is, Becau&s;e Ulcers of the Guts are rendred more putrid and filthy by Opiates.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. There be three degrees of deter&s;ive Cly|&s;ters. The fir&s;t is of &s;uch as are made of Wine and Honey, with Barly-water and Honey of Ro&s;es. 2.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. 12. <HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th.</HI> 1.</NOTE> Of &s;alt-water, with <HI>Sal Gem,</HI> and Honey of Ro&s;es. 3. Of Brine, adding &s;ome <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> al&s;o, if the Ulcer be foul and &s;preading. And although the u&s;e of Brine may be que&s;tioned, con&s;idering the example of that Phy&s;ician, who cured all dy&s;enteries by the u&s;e of Onions, and Cly&s;ters of brine, and killed them with Convul&s;ions, for he was without method: yet in a &s;preading and putrid Ulcer, not onely Brine, but even Cau&s;ticks are convenient, as <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es 9 <HI>per lo|ca,</HI> if it be al&s;o callous. However Caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed in giving Brine and Cau&s;ticks, with the ob&s;er|vation namely of three conditions. 1. In full &s;trength.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 83. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> 2. Not without Narcoticks mixt therewith, after <HI>Galen</HI>'s manner. 3. That the Cly&s;ters be not kept above an hour, as <HI>Aetius</HI> advi&s;es.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Concerning the u&s;e of all Cly&s;ters, we are wont to ob&s;erve the abundance of their matter in deter&s;ive and wa&s;hing ones, the &s;mallne&s;s in drying ones, mediocrity in tempering ones, and &s;hortne&s;s of time in Cau&s;ticks:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> And then the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of them, &s;o that a drier may always follow a deter&s;ive one, and then an Anodyne, if pains be urgent.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. This one thing, and that of great moment, mu&s;t not be omitted, that &s;ometimes dy&s;enterick per|&s;ons retain their excrements &s;everal days; both be|cau&s;e Pain and Watching, Symptomes familiar to this Di&s;ea&s;e, dry extremely: and becau&s;e a&s;tringent Medicines, which we make u&s;e of, to &s;top the Flux, render the Belly &s;o co&s;tive, that the Excrements are retained a long time, to the great damage of the Patient, although the Belly void bloudy matter often flowing from the Ulcer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;ult</HI> 37.</NOTE> which indeed has been ob&s;erved by no man as yet. Wherefore, in this ca&s;e, at certain intervals of time we mu&s;t eva|cuate downwards, either by loo&s;ning Cly&s;ters, or by &s;ome gentle Purging Medicine.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. D. <HI>Pilonus</HI> never cured a Dy&s;entery by A|&s;tringents, becau&s;e he ob&s;erved that all who had it &s;o &s;topped, either relap&s;ed, or fell into a Fever or Pleuri&s;ie. Nor did he u&s;e Sudorificks, becau&s;e he thought they increa&s;ed the heat of the part tran&s;|mitting; and therefore he cured this Di&s;ea&s;e onely by Lenitives and Bloud-letting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In a Dy&s;entery from &s;alt phlegm falling from the head, we mu&s;t act cautiou&s;ly about a&s;trin|gent remedies: for when the&s;e Dy&s;enteries are protracted beyond fourteen days and more, there are not wanting Phy&s;icians, who think a&s;tringent remedies may be &s;afely admini&s;tred beyond the fourteenth day. But they are in a great errour, for a Dy&s;entery from &s;alt phlegm may remain as long as the intemperature of the head, which breeds the &s;alt phlegm, and &s;ends it to the Guts. For a year ago I cured two Patients, who fell into blear|eyedne&s;s, and intolerable pains of their joints, up|on the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of an a&s;tringent remedy admini&s;tred in a Dy&s;entery from &s;alt phlegm. There|fore, in this ca&s;e, revul&s;ion of the humour &s;hould be made to the no&s;trils, and the head before or be|hind, by Cauteries, Sinapi&s;ms, or Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: The intemperature of the brain mu&s;t be altered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and then A&s;tringents may be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="24"><PB N="131" REF="71">XXIV. I do not di&s;allow of a&s;tringent Powders, whether of Ro&s;es, <HI>Acacia,</HI> or Pomegranate-flowers: But if any one fear their &s;harpne&s;s, he may take <HI>Terra Lemnia, Samia,</HI> or burnt Hart&s;horn; they dry without any &s;harpne&s;s, and bind moderately. I put more confidence in the&s;e powders than in Pills or Bolus's, which &s;ometimes in a Bloudy-flux I have &s;een voided with the Excrements whole and unal|tered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Chalybeate-water, Milk and Wine are not plainly to be rejected, &s;ince either &s;ome coagu|lating Spirit, or &s;ome a&s;tringent &s;calings of the Me|tal that &s;top the fluid humours, are communicated to the liquour: Yet I would, with <HI>Platerus,</HI> have this extinction moderate, and not too often made; &s;ince it is certain, if much of the &s;ub&s;tance of the Iron be taken, it loo&s;ens the Belly; nay, if it be taken plentifully, it cau&s;es Vomit al&s;o. And Steel mu&s;t be given much more &s;paringly in a Dy&s;entery, than in a chachexy, or ob&s;truction of the Bowels; be|cau&s;e there is need onely of &s;ome &s;mall a&s;triction, and of no other effects of the Steel in this ca&s;e. Nor is there any difference between fre&s;h Steel, and that which has been often quenched. The parts indeed of Iron, that are communicated to the liquour, at its fir&s;t heating, have a power to Purge: But be|cau&s;e Steel is of an homogeneous nature, all its parts have the &s;ame virtue; and the more of its &s;ub&s;tance is communicated to the liquour, the more it Purges or Vomits. Nor al&s;o is there any nece&s;|&s;ity to ca&s;t away the fir&s;t water, unle&s;s perhaps the Steel be not clean, but have got &s;ome ru&s;t on the out-&s;ide: for &s;eeing this in the extinction may be communicated to the water, it may not be impro|per to throw it away. And I have thought good to adverti&s;e this, that the&s;e chalybeate liquours mu&s;t be u&s;ed when they are fre&s;h prepared, e&s;peci|ally if heated Steel have been often quenched in them: For the &s;ub&s;tance of the Steel in the begin|ning, and pre&s;ently after extinction, retains the nature of the Scalings; but if it remain long in the liquour, it is turned, as it were, into ru&s;t, and then its faculty is rather to Purge, Vomit, and put the humours in motion, than to &s;top them. An in|&s;tance whereof chalybeate Wines do give, that are given for ob&s;tructions of the Liver and Spleen, which if they be taken in any quantity, Vomit and Purge: For they are not given pre&s;ently after the Steel is put in the Wine; but they are &s;et in the Sun, or &s;ome hot place for &s;ome days, and &s;haken together, that the Steel may the better be di&s;&s;olved. But if the que&s;tion be about giving <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> or pre|pared Steel in a Dy&s;entery, I &s;hould rather u&s;e a <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> made by the benefit of the fire onely, and reverberation: For it has not as yet got &s;o vi|triolate a Nature; but to acquire it, there is requi|red another re&s;olution, and therefore it excells in an a&s;tringent virtue beyond any other. All other preparations of Steel, whether they be infu&s;ions of prepared Steel in Wine, or in any other liquour, or &s;olutions with <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> Spirit of Vitriol, Sulphur, or di&s;tilled Vinegar, all of them favour more of a Vitriolick nature, and the <HI>Croci</HI> this way prepared do participate &s;omething of the di&s;&s;olving liquour, and have united the &s;alt of the Vinegar, or the <HI>A|quae fortes</HI> to them&s;elves. And therefore, although they have &s;ome a&s;triction, and &s;trengthen the tone of the lax Bowels in cachectick per&s;ons; yet be|cau&s;e the faculties of opening, fu&s;ing and melting the humours, and if they be taken in any quantity, of Purging and Vomiting, prevail in them, they have no place in a Dy&s;entery, but rather in ob&s;truc|tions of the bowels, and in cachexies. For &s;eeing all the parts in the&s;e preparations, into which Vi|triol may otherwi&s;e be di&s;&s;olved, are not &s;epara|ted, but are like Vitriol &s;eparated from the gro&s;s earth, and a little calcined, and therefore the Spi|rit of Vitriol is as yet mixt with the Salt in them; it is no wonder, if they open, and &s;ometimes Vomit and Purge, &s;ince it is the property of Salt of Vitriol to doe &s;o. And if we may give <HI>crocus Martis</HI> thus prepared at all, the do&s;e mu&s;t be very &s;mall, le&s;t it gripe the Guts by its Acrimony, or Vomit, or Purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sennertus,</HI> de Dy&s;enteria.</NOTE> as it happened to an Empirick in <HI>Fore&s;tus, l.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>in Scholio.</HI></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. After evacuation pre&s;ently alteration and contemperation of the bilious humours mu&s;t be pro|cured; which is of &s;uch efficacy in curing a dy&s;en|tery, that it put <HI>Amatus</HI> into admiration, how a cer|tain young Man, in a dy&s;entery, could be cured one|ly by a draught of cold Water, which he drank without the advice of his Phy&s;ician. But we may cea&s;e our admiration, if we ob&s;erve, that <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> 4. 15. propo&s;es cold Water as the be&s;t remedy for a Bloudy-flux. But here decoctions of Herbs and Juices, Whey, Spaw-waters and Milk are proper. Take of the Decoction of Endive, Lettuce, Violets, Plantain, Pur&s;lane, 5 ounces, of clarified Juice of Plantain, Pur&s;lane, each 1 ounce. Mix them. Give it for five or &s;ix days; or, Take of Water of Let|tuce, Water-Lily, Plantain, each 2 ounces, Seeds of White Popies 2 drachms. Make an Emul&s;ion, to which add of Juice of Quinces 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 93. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> <HI>Diamargariton frigidum</HI> 1 &s;cruple. Mix them. For we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Sugar, as al&s;o from Honey.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. <HI>Galen</HI> again&s;t <HI>Herodotus</HI> declares &s;ufficient|ly, what harm the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of a&s;tringents does. It is &s;uppre&s;&s;ed indeed in the declen&s;ion of the di&s;ea&s;e, and le&s;t the matter being turned upon &s;ome noble part &s;hould injure it, a&s;tringents are or|dered with Spices mixt therewith, and things that provoke Urine: for &s;o the humour being diverted to the ways of Urine, the Ulcers may heal the &s;ooner. And as far as I could ever learn by expe|rience, I have ob&s;erved &s;ome, upon &s;topping a dy|&s;entery un&s;ea&s;onably, fall into an Epilep&s;ie; others into a Pleuri&s;ie. And one,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hollerius,</HI> in Conce&s;.</NOTE> having the matter turn|ed to his hands, had them full of filthy thick &s;cabs. Some were &s;o bound with a&s;tringent Medicines, and their Guts &s;o dried, that afterwards they &s;carce went to &s;tool once in four days. &para; In the year 1659, there was an Epidemick Dy&s;entery up and down <HI>Switzerland;</HI> one <HI>Bedoz</HI> his Wife was taken with it in the Village <HI>Courcelles,</HI> in the Province of <HI>Newemburgh,</HI> &s;he had recour&s;e immediately to a&s;trin|gents, by the u&s;e whereof it was &s;topt; but, the humours falling back upon her right knee, it con|tinued &s;wollen to her dying day.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. A very painfull dy&s;entery had afflicted two well-grown Virgins for &s;everal days, at divers times; by rea&s;on of the Guts being exulcerated with yellow choler mixt with &s;alt phlegm. At fir&s;t they had large, frequent, liquid and various &s;tools, mixt afterwards with a &s;ort of Fat, which were followed by caruncles, or bits as it were of fle&s;h, plainly to be &s;een in their Excrements. Yet both of them e&s;caped by my a&s;&s;i&s;tence. Among other things, li|quid Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> was very &s;ucce&s;sfull, mixt in Cly&s;ters, to defend the exulcerated Guts from the &s;harp and putrid excrements, and to heal them. I have al&s;o experienced the &s;ingular virtue of this mo&s;t noble exotick liquour, as well in immoderate <HI>Diarrhoeas,</HI> as in Bloudy-&s;tools, when other things would doe little good. And truely the effect of it was admirable in a young Man, who was mo&s;t bar|barou&s;ly tormented with mo&s;t cruel Gripes, a &s;ani|ous &s;tinking Matter coming out with the Excre|ments, an argument of an Ulcer in the Guts: And the&s;e Gripes could no ways be mitigated, till I or|dered the following Cly&s;ter to be given him, and moreover half a &s;cruple of the &s;ame Bal&s;am, mixt with Pine-Nuts, adding of Syrup of Orange-Pill 2 drachms, and refined Sugar half an ounce. This was the Cly&s;ter; Take of the root of Tormentil, Comfrey, each half an ounce, Leaves of Plantain, Shepherds-pur&s;e, Hor&s;e-tail, red Mint, each half an handfull, Flowers of Red-Ro&s;e, Pomegranate, Ro&s;e-mary, each 1 pugil, Seeds of Sumach 2 drachms.
<PB N="132" REF="72"> Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Spring-water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lucas Scroec|kius, <HI>Ephem. Germ. ann.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 126.</NOTE> In 7 ounces of the Colature di&s;&s;olve of Sugar half an ounce, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> di&s;&s;olved with the Yelk of an Egg 1 drachm, Juice of Plantain fre&s;h drawn 1 ounce. When the Patient found pre&s;ent ea&s;e, two hours after I ordered it to be repeated.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Since &s;ome commend the u&s;e of Milk, and others forbid it, it is certain that it has been given &s;ometimes with good &s;ucce&s;s, &s;ometimes with bad: For <HI>Amatus, cur.</HI> 44. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. &s;ays, he once accounted it poi&s;on. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 64. affirms, it is hurt|full to &s;everal per&s;ons. <HI>Saxonia,</HI> on the contrary, in <HI>prael. pr.</HI> affirms, that he has not onely taken away pains, but has cured Dy&s;enteries at the fir&s;t without any other help. Nor are rea&s;ons wanting, for Milk e&s;pecially allays the heat of Choler, takes off Acri|mony, and a&s;&s;wages the heat of the bowels: As it purges downwards, it carries off cholerick filth. But this or that preparation, or this or that con&s;titution of a di&s;ea&s;e renders it whol&s;ome or unwhol&s;ome. Milk con&s;i&s;ts of three &s;ub&s;tances; of Chee&s;e, where|by e&s;pecially it nouri&s;hes, and pla&s;ters the Ulcerated Guts; Of Butter, whereby it ea&s;es pain, dige&s;ts, anoints the Guts, and fences them again&s;t &s;harp hu|mours: Of Whey, whereby it is ab&s;ter&s;ive and clean&s;ing. In many re&s;pects therefore it is pro|per; as it &s;erves the turn both for food and phy|&s;ick: Yet the u&s;e of it mu&s;t be circum&s;cribed with &s;everal cautions. In the fir&s;t days therefore, it mu&s;t be u&s;ed raw and new milked, that the choler may be drawn downwards, &s;o <HI>Aetius</HI> advi&s;es: in the pro|gre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, that the flux may be &s;topt, it &s;tands in need of preparation; and the Whey, which has the deter&s;ive faculty, u&s;ele&s;s at that time, mu&s;t be con&s;umed by boiling Gold in it, or quenching Flints and Steel therein; &s;o al&s;o the fat and igneous parts, prone to turn into choler, or to purge, are di&s;&s;ipated. But if the prohibiting Symp|tomes propo&s;ed by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 64. attend a dy&s;entery, as Head-ach, Thundring, Hypochondri|ack Meteors, a high Fever, a flood of Choler flow|ing in abundance, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Milk, or a fourth part of Rain-water mu&s;t be added, and given, after it has boiled a little, mixt with a little Ho|ney, left it corrupt on the &s;tomach. Thus prepared, it may, according to the opinion of &s;everal, be gi|ven innocently, when the&s;e impediments are pre|&s;ent. Note, the greate&s;t part of the Cacochymie mu&s;t be carried off by Purges, before the u&s;e of it. &para; <HI>Hor. Augenius</HI> &s;ays, that is the &s;afe&s;t way of giving it, and one that never fails, which <HI>Aetius</HI> propo&s;es, which neverthele&s;s he u&s;es not for purging in the fir&s;t days, becau&s;e we have other very &s;ate Purgers, much &s;afer than the u&s;e of Milk: But he commends it in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, pouring into it, as it boiles, a fourth part of Water; and that for three days: For the next three days he boils the Milk a third part, or half away: when there is a Fever with it, he &s;ays all inconvenience may be correct|ed by mixing Rain-water with it. &para; Milk may be given notwith&s;tanding bilious &s;tools, or a Fever, if &s;o be mo&s;t part of the choler be purged away; onely the inconvenience mu&s;t be taken away by boiling it with Plantain-water, or by quenching red-hot &s;tones, or Gad's of Steel in it; for it is im|bued with a faculty, that dries and re&s;i&s;ts corrup|tion;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 93. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and if the Fever be not great, it hinders not the giving of Milk: for this is allowed by <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 57. to tho&s;e that are not in a high Fe|ver. He al&s;o, 7 <HI>Epid.</HI> gave it to <HI>Critolaus</HI> his Son, who had a Fever and cholerick Stools, and reco|vered.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. This mu&s;t be remembred, that all Medi|cines that are made of <HI>Opium,</HI> Henbane, Mandrake, or black Popy, are &s;u&s;pected for this rea&s;on, be|cau&s;e, although, they &s;eem to ea&s;e pain, and there|fore to &s;trengthen the bowels; yet the humours being gathered together, are afterwards voided without intermi&s;&s;ion; and the head being made heavy, and the &s;trength wa&s;ted, they put the bow|els in a wor&s;e condition; Wherefore, according to <HI>Trallianus,</HI> they &s;hould be avoided, except pain or watching do of nece&s;&s;ity require them, for then you may have recour&s;e to <HI>Philonium Per&s;icum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 37.</NOTE> or <HI>Ro|manum,</HI> which yet may more innocently be mixt in Cly&s;ters. &para; The want of Opiates rightly prepa|red has rendred Narcoticks hitherto &s;u&s;pected, but the &s;ucce&s;sfull u&s;e of well-made <HI>Laudanum,</HI> in &s;everal di&s;ea&s;es, has forbid the abrogating of the u&s;e of Narcoticks. <HI>Riverius</HI> in his Practice, &s;ays, <HI>That Narcoticks taken by the mouth &s;ometimes doe wonders, they ea&s;e pain, &s;top a flux, cau&s;e &s;leep, and &s;o likewi&s;e recruit &s;trength: But they will be much more proper, if they be mixt with a&s;tringents and &s;trengtheners.</HI> With what &s;ucce&s;s he u&s;ed them, &s;everal of his ob&s;ervations te&s;tifie. &para; <HI>Hor&s;tius, l.</HI> 11. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 3. &s;hews the efficacy of <HI>Laudanum; It is known, not onely what gripes, but even exceeding bloudy &s;tools, kindly Dy|&s;enteries do &s;ometimes cau&s;e, whereby many would pay Nature her debt, were they not &s;uccored by the u&s;e of Opiates: Which a Noble Woman the la&s;t year confirmed; who, in the judgment of all that were by, was reduced to the la&s;t extremity;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Thone|rus, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> <HI>but was &s;o refre&s;hed with</HI> 3 <HI>or</HI> 4 <HI>grains of our</HI> Laudanum, <HI>that in a &s;hort time &s;he recovered.</HI></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. <HI>Thomas Minadous,</HI> a Phy&s;ician and Profe&s;&s;our of <HI>Italy,</HI> affirms, that he ob&s;erved, all died of the Bloudy-flux, who by the advice of Phy&s;icians, took <HI>Laudanum Opiatum:</HI> And that after the u&s;e of it the Ulcers grew more putrid and foul, from the long &s;tay of the purulent matter and noxious hu|mours. Let this therefore &s;uffice for a Caution.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. As in the cure of a Dy&s;entery, for Re|vul&s;ion &s;ake we u&s;e frictions and ligatures of the upper parts; as likewi&s;e we endeavour to cau&s;e Sweat, and &s;ometimes provoke Vomit; So al&s;o, ac|cording to <HI>Galen</HI>'s Doctrine, we ought to provoke the noxious humours by the neighbouring places that &s;erve to carry Urine: But we mu&s;t have a care one danger do not incur another; for thence there is a two-fold one impending; the fir&s;t is ob&s;erved by <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 15. <HI>If things that provoke &V;rine, obtain their end in turning the Humour another way, they doe good. If they obtain it not, they augment the Ail.</HI> Therefore he &s;ub|joyns; <HI>They mu&s;t not be given, except to &s;uch per&s;ons, as in whom they u&s;e to have their effect &s;peedily.</HI> The other dan|ger is, le&s;t the Ureter places and Ve&s;&s;els, which are much &s;traiter than the Guts, when the &s;harp juices are called thither, &s;hould be fretted and Ulcerated, and &s;o a dy&s;ury &s;hould &s;ucceed a dy&s;entery. The Skilfull avoid dangers by giving Diureticks long after the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e for derivation &s;ake, when part of the Abundance of humours is &s;pent, pre&s;cribing not Diureticks, but lenients with cold and moi&s;ture. <HI>Hildanus</HI> commends Earth-worms for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. I reckon I &s;hould not conceal one re|medy, very familiar and &s;ucce&s;sfull with me, and known and u&s;ed al&s;o by &s;everal Phy&s;icians. It is this, Drinking of natural Waters, that are poten|tially cold: for from them we have two things: The one is the cooling of the Liver: The other (fora&s;much as the&s;e Waters are in &s;ome mea&s;ure a&s;tringent) is, that by &s;topping the Flux, they give tone to the bowels, and contribute to the cure of the Ulcer. Yet the u&s;e of them mu&s;t not be indif|ferent: for it is not &s;afe to give them, when the peccant matter abounds in the body: for if &s;uch matter &s;hould be intercepted by virtue of this Me|dicine, one of the&s;e two things would follow; ei|ther becau&s;e this &s;ame matter being retained, would be turned to other noble parts, and then if it were turned to the more noble parts, it would cau&s;e mortal &s;ickne&s;s: If to the le&s;s noble parts, it would cau&s;e le&s;s mortal &s;ickne&s;s; yet very grie|vous ones: Or the matter being detained is made &s;harper, and gathered in greater quantity, whence &s;ometime falling with greater violence afterwards, it is the cau&s;e of a wor&s;e Dy&s;entery. Wherefore the time to u&s;e &s;uch Waters, is, when the matter
<PB N="133" REF="72"> being evacuated in part is le&s;s in quantity, for from them we may have with &s;afety the cooling of the Liver, &s;trengthning of the Bowels, interception of the Flux, and a cure for the Ulcer. But if at the beginning of the Dy&s;entery there neither be a quan|tity of excrements, nor any notable pravity in them appear, they may then &s;afely be given; for I have u&s;ed them frequently, and have found the drinking of the&s;e Bath-waters &s;o &s;ucce&s;sfull, that I &s;hould never de&s;ire a more effectual Remedy for the cure of a Dy&s;entery, than them &s;ea&s;onably given: And I can affirm I was never fru&s;trated of my expectati|ons in giving them. Now I have re&s;pect mo&s;t to the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. S. Diver|&s;us, <HI>Notis in Altimar. c.</HI> 76.</NOTE> which I have ever a care to &s;trengthen and defend again&s;t the Cold; if it be very weak, I u&s;e them not at all.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. The u&s;e of Wax in a ro&s;ted Apple is highly commended, and it is no unu&s;ual Medicine at this day. I think it was known to <HI>Valeriola, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 4. And although <HI>Serapio</HI> write, that Wax is one of tho&s;e Medicines that are not to be taken inward|ly; yet if it be taken moderately, it has an empla|&s;tick virtue, whereby it may heal the Ulcer, and a <HI>Lentor,</HI> whereby it may a&s;&s;wage it. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> him&s;elf, 2.76. &s;ays it may be given in Broth to dy&s;enterick per&s;ons. And although <HI>Valeriola</HI> thinks that the vir|tue of the Wax cannot reach the ulcerated Guts, becau&s;e through its thickne&s;s and empla&s;tick faculty it mu&s;t &s;tick in the fir&s;t ways, fa&s;tning it &s;elf like Glew; yet a ro&s;ted Apple hinders it from doing &s;o, with who&s;e &s;ub&s;tance it is mixt in the minute&s;t par|ticles, and which may &s;erve as a Vehicle to it. <HI>Va|leriola</HI> chu&s;es a Quince-apple, that one and the &s;ame Medicine may have both an a&s;tringent and gluti|nous faculty, but may be an Apple is more conve|nient, becau&s;e it is a mo&s;t apt Vehicle to carry the Wax through the windings of the Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. A Nutmeg is commended as highly benefi|cial in this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e of its different qualities: By its earthy &s;ub&s;tance it binds, &s;trengthens the Bowels, dries and cau&s;es a Cicatrice: By its oily Sub&s;tance it ea&s;es Pain, &s;mears over the Guts, le&s;t they be hurt by the Sharpne&s;s of the humours: By its aromatick quality it &s;trengthens the Liver, Sto|mach, and the mouth of the Stomach; and di&s;pells Wind. When becau&s;e of &s;ome febrile heat any mi&s;|chief is feared from its heat, it may be gently ro|&s;ted in hot a&s;hes, when you have wrapped it in Hempen-hurds, or otherwi&s;e: But it mu&s;t not be ro&s;ted, as is u&s;ually done, upon a Plate of Iron red hot, not onely becau&s;e the oily part peri&s;hes in this manner; but by adu&s;tion it may ea&s;ily acquire acrimony.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Llem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Mindererus Med. milit. p.</HI> 246. has an ele|gant pa&s;&s;age concerning Oils. He &s;ays, that Oils mu&s;t be curiou&s;ly excluded for &s;everal rea&s;ons: 1. Be|cau&s;e they hinder Con&s;olidation, you have an In|&s;tance in cutting a Vein; for if you would open the Vein again in the afternoon, you mu&s;t dip the Lan|cet in Oil, and the Wound it makes will not clo&s;e pre&s;ently. The &s;ame al&s;o is done in Cupping-gla&s;|&s;es, and it is true indeed, that Ulcers are made foul thereby, which rather &s;tand in need of dry|ing; and, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> Oils are an enemy to Ulcers, as Wine is very much a friend. 2. Becau&s;e all Oils, except of Lin&s;eed, Popy-&s;eed, Hemp-&s;eed and Sweet-almonds, have &s;omething of Sharp|ne&s;s in them, but the&s;e have little of it: Which is demon&s;trable thus; If a drop of Oil-olive be dropt into the Eye,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> de m. comp. ext. p. <HI>87.</HI></NOTE> it will &s;mart as if Juice of Citron or Limon had been dropt in.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Some reckon outward Medicines u&s;e|le&s;s, becau&s;e their virtue cannot pa&s;s the Skin, the Mu&s;cles of the Belly and other hindrances; yea, hurtfull, becau&s;e of the expre&s;&s;ion they make of the humours in the out&s;ide of the Body to the Inte|&s;tines. They vouch <HI>Galen</HI> for their Authority, who, 1. <HI>ad Glauc. c.</HI> 14. affirms, that the clo&s;er the Skin is, the more the Flux is increa&s;ed. But the&s;e People may be oppo&s;ed by experience, which often &s;hews that a Flux is &s;topt by the u&s;e of them. But as to the u&s;e of them in fat People, we mu&s;t take notice that little benefit can be expected from them, becau&s;e they cannot penetrate; therefore &s;ome Vehicle mu&s;t be given them, as Vinegar or White-wine, le&s;t by the gro&s;sne&s;s of their parts, or their too great cold actual or potential, they &s;top up their own way. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve al&s;o out of <HI>Aetius,</HI> that they cannot innocently be u&s;ed in a Dy&s;entery cau&s;ed by Sharpne&s;s of Bile, and in cancrous and malignant Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> becau&s;e they con&s;ume the watery part and leave onely the biting.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Although the word Dy&s;entery denote the Bloudy-flux; yet, without any prejudice to its Etymology, I will apply this name to this <HI>London</HI> Di&s;ea&s;e. Every year, u&s;ually about Autumn, Gri|ping of the Guts with a Loo&s;ne&s;s is rife. The &s;tools are watery and as it were limpid, with a &s;udden decay of &s;trength. No evacuation promoted the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e; yea, Bloud-letting, Vomiting and Purging always did hurt; and u&s;ually the proper Remedies were onely Cordials, and tho&s;e very hot ones, that is, &s;uch as abounded in Spirit and Sul|phur, or in volatile Salt: In&s;omuch that Brandy a little burnt with Sugar was the common, and as it were the epidemick Medicine, and proved always in a manner &s;ucce&s;sfull; although u&s;ed indifferently in the other that was bloudy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> Pharm. rat. &s;ect. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> it was often found hurt|full.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Gripes in the Guts without &s;tools be|gun to invade People in the beginning of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> 1669. and were as many at the end of Autumn as the Dy&s;enteries, which entred with them. Now this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eizes a Man with a &s;haking and &s;hivering, which is followed by a heat all over the Body (as is u&s;ual in Fevers) and quickly after by a Griping in the Guts, and then by &s;tools, but oftentimes there is no &s;en&s;e of a Fever going before. All the &s;tools are mucous and not &s;tercorous, except that &s;ometimes a &s;tercorous one is interpo&s;ed, and that without any notable pain. Some &s;treaks of bloud are mixt with the&s;e mucous &s;tools. In the mean time the Patient, if he either be in the flower of his age, or be heated with Cordials, is in a Fever, his Tongue being whiti&s;h and thick be&s;et with &s;limy &s;tuff; and if he be violently heated, then it is black and dry. His &s;trength is ca&s;t down, his &s;pirits &s;pent, and there is all the tokens of an ill-conditioned Fever. This Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;es not onely extreme pain and &s;ickne&s;s, but, unle&s;s it be skilfully handled, much endangers the Patient's Life. For when the &s;tores of vital heat and &s;pirits are exhau&s;ted by frequent &s;tools, before the peccant matter can be thrown out of the bloud, and when Cold in the extreme parts comes upon one, the Patient will be in danger of death. Since it may &s;o be, that various <HI>Species</HI> of Dy&s;en|teries may ari&s;e, as there are of Mea&s;les and other epidemick Di&s;ea&s;es, proper to different Con&s;tituti|ons: therefore they require in &s;ome things of right a different method of Cure to them&s;elves. That we may proceed to curative Indications. When I had diligently weighed the various Symptoms that happen to this Di&s;ea&s;e, I found it a Fever (that is, of its own kind) turn'd inwards upon the Guts, by means whereof the hot and &s;harp humours con|tained in the ma&s;s of bloud, and putting it in agi|tation, are di&s;charged by the me&s;enterick Arteries upon the &s;aid parts, and, the orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els being laid open by the force of the humours ma|king thitherwards, the bloud is poured out by &s;tool. In the mean time, by the importunate &s;trai|ning of the Guts, which doe their utmo&s;t endea|vour to expell the &s;harp humours, that continual|ly trouble them, this <HI>mucus,</HI> wherewith they are na|turally &s;meared over, is di&s;charged together at e|very &s;tool, &s;ometimes more &s;paringly, &s;ometimes in greater plenty. Therefore the indications &s;eemed to offer them&s;elves of their own accord, that fir&s;t
<PB N="134" REF="73"> I &s;hould immediately make revul&s;ion of the&s;e hu|mours by breathing a Vein, which done, that I might moreover qualifie the re&s;t of the ma&s;s; al&s;o that I &s;hould carry off the &s;aid humours by Ca|tharticks. The fir&s;t day, a&s;&s;oon as I was called, I advi&s;ed the breathing a Vein in the Arm; the &s;ame night I gave a Paregorick; and the next morning this gentle cathartick Potion, very familiar with me; Take of Tamarinds half an ounce, Leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> 2 drachms, Rheubarb 1 drachm and an half; Boil it in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water; In 3 oun|ces of it &s;trained di&s;&s;olve of <HI>Manna</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive each 1 ounce: Mix them; make a Potion. I u&s;ually prefer this Preparation with a &s;mall quantity of Rheubarb before any Electuary; for although Rheubarb be de&s;igned to evacuate Choler and all &s;harp humours; yet unle&s;s &s;ome <HI>Man|na</HI> or Syrup of Ro&s;es, or &s;omething of the &s;ame na|ture be mixt, that it may amount to a fuller Purge, it is not very proper.</P>
<P>But &s;ince it is obvious enough that the mo&s;t gen|tle Catharticks and &s;uch as will but give a &s;tool, do encrea&s;e the Gripes and cau&s;e a dejection of &s;pirits and an univer&s;al di&s;order in the Patient, namely, by the adventitious tumult, whereby it &s;tirs the bloud and humours in the operation. Therefore it is cu|&s;tomary with me to &s;ubjoin a Paregorick a little &s;ooner than we u&s;e to doe after Purges, that is, at any hour in the afternoon, if we think the Purge has done its work, that, namely, I may &s;top the motion which I &s;et on going. Afterwards I pre|&s;cribe the &s;aid Cathartick for two times more, that is, to be taken every other day. I give a Pare|gorick al&s;o after each Purge, at the time I advi&s;ed before. Moreover, I take care that it be given mor|ning and evening tho&s;e days he does not purge, to the end I may &s;ubdue the fiercene&s;s of the Symp|toms, and gain time, while I am bu&s;ied in carry|ing off the peccant humour. After bleeding and once purging I allowed them a ta&s;te of &s;ome tem|perate Cordial-water now and then. And I u&s;ed for an Anodyne <HI>Laudanum liquidum</HI> (See its De&s;cription, <HI>Book</HI> 3. <HI>Tit. de Colica Bilio&s;a</HI>) that is, 14 or 15 drops in any Cordial-water, for one Do&s;e. This recom|mended method has ea&s;ily the preheminence over all, that are yet known to me, in conquering this Di&s;ea&s;e, which very &s;eldom continues beyond the third Purge.</P>
<P>But if the Di&s;ea&s;e were &s;o &s;tubborn, as not to give way to the&s;e things, then I u&s;ed to give my Patient a Paregorick every day in the morning and at the hour of Sleep, till he was perfectly well; nor did I find the lea&s;t inconvenience from &s;o fre|quent a repetition of a narcotick Medicine as far as I could ever yet ob&s;erve (how great harm &s;o|ever &s;ome unexperienced per&s;ons may threaten will follow from thence) although I have known &s;eve|ral, who in a &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;e have taken it every day for &s;ome weeks together.</P>
<P>Dy&s;enteries in general were to be treated after this manner. But it was ob&s;ervable, that what came the fir&s;t year, were of a more &s;ubtile and &s;pi|rituous nature, than what infe&s;ted men the follow|ing years; and therefore they did not &s;o readily yield to purging Medicines, as to them that dilu|ted and tempered the bloud and tho&s;e &s;harp hu|mours which are &s;eparated from it into the Guts. Wherefore the fir&s;t Autumn that the dry Gripes and Dy&s;entery invaded us, I con&s;tantly u&s;ed the method following to drive away either Di&s;ea&s;e, the i&s;&s;ue every way an&s;wering, till, upon the approach of Cold, I found it le&s;s efficacious the &s;ame year, and &s;o the years following, when the Di&s;ea&s;e had de|parted farther from its &s;ubtilty, I found it whol|ly u&s;ele&s;s.</P>
<P>And I proceeded thus; If a Patient in the flow|er of his age had a Fever, I ordered him to bleed in the Arm, and within an hour or two to be well wa&s;hed by throwing in a great quantity of Liquour (See Book 3. <HI>Tit. de Cholera</HI>) as was done in a Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s, but not as there, with Chicken-broth or Po&s;&s;et-drink; but Whey to be drunk cold in the like quantity; and I ordered a Cly&s;ter of it warm, without Sugar or any thing el&s;e. I ever ob&s;erved, that the Gripes and bloudy &s;tools after the return of the fourth Cly&s;ter did vani&s;h. When this trouble was over, and all the Whey was pa&s;&s;ed, which will be in three or four hours &s;pace, if the Patient doe his duty diligently; I forthwith com|mitted him to his Bed, where, in a &s;hort time, of his own accord, he was di&s;&s;olved into a Sweat (from the Whey mixt with his Bloud) which I ordered to be continued twenty four hours: al|lowing him nothing in the mean time, but raw Milk a little warmed, which al&s;o he was to u&s;e, and no|thing el&s;e, for three or four days after he ro&s;e from his Bed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham.</HI> de morb. a|cut. &s;ect. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> If either he left his Bed or the u&s;e of his Milk too &s;oon, he was to go through the &s;ame cour&s;e over again.</P>
<P N="40">XL. Becau&s;e the Advice of a Phy&s;ician, that would cure, mu&s;t not onely be directed to the pre&s;ent &s;tate of the Patient, but al&s;o to the future, we mu&s;t know, that although a thin Diet and Fa&s;ting be good for dy&s;enterick per&s;ons, in the fir&s;t days; yet, becau&s;e in proce&s;s of time the &s;trength may be wa&s;ted with pain, watching, and often going to &s;tool, it is good afterwards to feed the Patient &s;omewhat higher. To this purpo&s;e things di&s;tilled off Fle&s;h roa&s;ted, with Simples, or Gelly-broths,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 37.</NOTE> may &s;ea&s;onably be given.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Let the Meat be &s;imple, and ea&s;ie of Dige&s;ti|on; wherein the Vulgar often offend, who give to dy&s;enterick Per&s;ons the harde&s;t Meat and difficult of concoction, if they think there is any binding quality in it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and &s;o they increa&s;e Crudities and the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. As to Drink, the be&s;t way is to drink &s;pa|ringly. <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> give rain water, wherein a&s;tringent fruits have been boiled, e&s;pecially <HI>Sumach,</HI> Sorrel and Plantain, but it is onely proper for them that are u&s;ed to it. In our Countries pure Beer is proper. <HI>Amatus Lu&s;itanus, cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 46. tells of a cho|lerick young Man, who in the heat of Summer be|gan to be afflicted with a Dy&s;entery and cholerick &s;tools, and when he was de&s;titute of any Phy&s;ici|an's advice, he drank &s;tore of cold water, and was thereby recovered. Which neverthele&s;s we may not imitate, unle&s;s in hot Countries, a hot Sea&s;on, and where Choler abounds. When Strength fails, let &s;ome a&s;tringent red Wine be given, diluted, if convenient, with &s;pring water, wherein heated Steel or Gold has been quenched, or wherein Plan|tain has been boiled or infu&s;ed. And becau&s;e the concoctive faculty does here fail, the u&s;e of Wine is often beneficial and nece&s;&s;ary; and, I have ob&s;er|ved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it agreed well with &s;everal in this epidemick Dy&s;entery.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Give the Dock, finely powdered, to the quan|tity of a &s;poonfull, with a rear Egg; and you will admire. &para; Sup liquid Alume, with an Egg, and then drink &s;ome di&s;&s;olved in warm water; and you will wonder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. The diaphoretick Flowers of Antimony are highly commended. &para; <HI>Saccharum,</HI> or <HI>dulcedo Alumi|nis,</HI> is a mo&s;t certain Remedy in the Bloudy-flux. The Do&s;e is 6 or 7 grains in Marmelade of Quin|ces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. The Leaves of Silver-weed applied to the Soles of the Feet are reckoned a Secret to cure any Bloudy-flux in twenty four hours. &para; One was cu|red to a miracle, and that quickly, onely by u&s;ing for his ordinary Drink,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Borel|lus.</NOTE> water wherein Cork was boiled.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="135" REF="73">4. I ever found this Pla&s;ter mo&s;t effectual in a Bloudy-flux, applied to the Belly and Reins; Take of Tormentil root, Crum of a white Loaf, each what is &s;ufficient; Boil it in Wine or Vinegar till it be Pap. Spread this on a Cotton cloth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Balth. Brun|nerus.</NOTE> and apply it to the region of the Belly before and behind.</P>
<P N="5">5. I have always found this doe good as an Ano|dyne, that is, by anointing with Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and applying Nettles brui&s;ed between &s;tones and heated, to the Belly.</P>
<P N="6">6. In the end of a Dy&s;entery, Juice of Worm-wood and Mint well purified, and made into a Sy|rup, is very good. &para; <HI>Empla&s;trum Diaphoenicon frigi|dum</HI> applied hot to the whole Belly, is mo&s;t excel|lent in any Dy&s;entery; the &s;ame al&s;o may be appli|ed in the beginning.</P>
<P N="7">7. Take pure root of Tormentil gro&s;ly brui&s;ed 6 ounces; Pour to it in a gla&s;s Body of Tormentil water 16 ounces; Let it &s;immer on a gentle Fire, then let it cool, and pour off and &s;eparate the De|coction carefully from the Root; add of fine Sugar half a pound. Set it in Sand, and with a gentle Fire reduce it to the con&s;i&s;tency of a Syrup. Then add of the Tincture, Oil, or Liquour (fir&s;t preci|pitated with di&s;tilled Vinegar, and then with Spirit of Vitriol) of Corals:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mich. Crug|nerus.</NOTE> mix it well, and keep it. It is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy in the Bloudy-flux.</P>
<P N="8">8. Oil of Walnuts cures a Flux miraculou&s;ly, if it be taken inwardly, and the Belly be anointed therewith. &para; This is reckoned a Secret in &s;topping Fluxes of the Belly; If you take of the Juice of unripe Grapes 10 &s;poonfuls, boil it a little; after it is clarified, drink a third part of it; for it pre&s;ent|ly &s;tops the Flux and &s;trengthens the Bowels.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claud. Deo|datus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. They &s;ay Cudweed boiled in Wine is an effec|tual Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dio&s;corides.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Boil a Crab with Wine and Pepper; take off the Shells and dry them: the Powder of the &s;imple Shell taken twice every day cures any Flux &s;pecifi|cally. It may al&s;o be mixt with other things. It is an experienced thing. &para; Di&s;tilled water of Celan|dine drunk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tob. Dorn|crellius.</NOTE> powerfully &s;tops any Flux, as I have heard one &s;ay upon his certain experience.</P>
<P N="11">11. There is no more pre&s;ent Remedy than <HI>&V;va quercina</HI> in Powder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;toph. Engelius.</NOTE> for any Bloudy-flux. I have cu|red &s;ome of de&s;perate Dy&s;enteries onely with it.</P>
<P N="12">12. The Cawl of a Wether fried in Oil of Ro&s;es, and applied,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. O&s;w. Grembs.</NOTE> is an excellent Remedy to &s;top the fu|ry of it.</P>
<P N="13">13. A linen cloth dipt in the bloud of a Hare not killed by a weapon, but in hunting by the bite of a Dog, and dried and kept for u&s;e; if it be made Lint of, and given in Wine, it cures the Dy&s;ente|ry. Yea, the Soldiers in <HI>Germany,</HI> when they have killed a Hare in the afore&s;aid manner, dry her in the &s;moke, and give her in drink; and &s;o cure the Blou|dy-flux infallibly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">14. The Liver of a Wolf prepared (that is, when it has been &s;teeped 3 days in very &s;trong Vinegar, and then dried in an Oven upon a Tile) is highly commended.</P>
<P N="15">15. The Pi&s;le of a Cat is a mo&s;t certain Remedy in this Di&s;ea&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> the Shavings of it may be mixt in &s;ome Electuary.</P>
<P N="16">16. It is admirable, that <HI>Colcothar</HI> (the <HI>Caput mor|tuum</HI> of Vitriol) &s;hould po&s;&s;e&s;s a quality to cure a Bloudy-flux, that is, if they that are afflicted with the Bloudy-flux do go to &s;tool upon it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. Lan|gius.</NOTE> it cures them. This is confirmed by many ob&s;ervations of D. <HI>Michael.</HI></P>
<P N="17">17. Half a drachm of Cry&s;tal finely powdered, and prepared, taken in &s;ome convenient Water, is a &s;ingular Remedy for a Dy&s;entery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Langi|us.</NOTE> e&s;pecially for one ari&s;ing from porraceous and yellow choler.</P>
<P N="18">18. I have ob&s;erved it by experience and beyond all doubt, that 2 drachms of <HI>Filipendula</HI> root given ei|ther in Wine or the Yelk of an Egg is good. The leaves and roots of which Herb I have often found to doe both the &s;ame thing. &para; I have found this Poti|on doe a great deal of good; Take of Syrup of Popy 1 ounce, of dried Ro&s;es half an ounce, <HI>Diamargari|ton frigidum</HI> half a drachm, burnt Ivory half a &s;cruple, Water of Plantain, Hor&s;e-tail, each 2 ounces. &para; This is excellent good to ea&s;e pain; Take of <HI>Acacia Hypoci&s;tis,</HI> the in&s;ide of a Quince, Sumach, Galls, each 1 drachm; red Coral burnt and wa&s;ht with Ro&s;e-water 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Opium</HI> 1 drachm, Cinnamon, <HI>Cyperus,</HI> each 1 drachm; Syrup of Ro&s;es what is &s;ufficient. Make a &s;olid Electuary; of which make Pills;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lud. Merca|tus.</NOTE> whereof you may give a &s;cruple or half a drachm.</P>
<P N="19">19. An Egg boiled in Vinegar, and eaten,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oriba&s;ius.</NOTE> &s;tops all Fluxes of the Belly.</P>
<P N="20">20. The Feet of a Partridge ro&s;ted, and one drachm of the Powder given in Coriander water, when there is a Fever; and when there is none,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Praevo|tius.</NOTE> in black Wine; cures even a raging Dy&s;entery.</P>
<P N="21">21. The dung of a Dog that eats bones, dried and powdered, and put in a little chalybeate Milk, is good for a Dy&s;entery, given for 3 days morning and evening. I can &s;afely &s;wear I have cu|red above an hundred of the Dy&s;entery with it in one year, as <HI>Chri&s;topher Landrinus</HI> can te&s;tifie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. David Rulandus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">22. The Fruit of the Linden-tree yields an effec|tual Remedy for any Flux of the Belly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vale&s;c. de Taranta.</NOTE> as <HI>Camerarius</HI> te&s;tifies.</P>
<P N="23">23. The le&s;&s;er Plantain given with an equal quan|tity of <HI>Daucus</HI> is a &s;ingular Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gul. Varig|nana.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">24. This is very much commended; If the Pati|ent for 3 or 4 days morning and evening &s;it over a red hot Plate of metal, upon which 1 ounce of the be&s;t Turpentine or Pine Refin mu&s;t be thrown. &para; This is an admirable one, e&s;pecially in Childrens fluxes, if every day morning and evening the Child's <HI>anus</HI> be fumed with the Powder of young A&s;&s;es dung, carefully dried in an oven, and &s;trewed upon red hot Coals.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedict. Victor.</NOTE> &para; The following Fomentation al&s;o is highly commended; Take of Balm 1 pound, Mul|lein 1 handfull; put them in a long bag, which af|terwards boiled in a like quantity of &s;typtick red Wine and &s;trong Vinegar, to a third, mu&s;t be ap|plied warm to the Seat.</P>
<P N="25">25. Many reckon Cre&s;&s;es &s;eed given alone or mixt with other things a &s;ingular Remedy in the Bloudy-flux.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arn. Wei|kardus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">26. This is a &s;ingular Remedy for any Flux of Bloud; Take Frog-&s;pawn, and dip a linen cloth at lea&s;t thrice in it, dry it in the &s;hade, and doe &s;o thrice. Which cloth &s;o prepared and dried you may u&s;e. Apply a piece twice as large as the place where-out the Bloud flows. Keep this as a Se|cret. &para; This is a &s;ingular Remedy for the Blou|dy-flux; Break a new Egg into a new earthen Pot, then take a like quantity of Honey, Vinegar and Oil; mix them all together and bake them. Eat them, and you will find a good effect.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marc. Ant. Zimara.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Dy&s;uria,</HI> or, Sharpne&s;s of &V;rine.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be cured variou&s;ly, according to the diver&s;ity of the cau&s;e. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit is proper. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Cly&s;ters. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> &s;ometimes &s;u&s;pected. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks &s;ometimes hurtfull. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It ari&s;es &s;ometimes from the defect of the humour that moi&s;tens the urinary pa&s;&s;age. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes from the &s;ite of the Bladder altered. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometime from the glandulous Body too much dried. <HI>VIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Man three&s;core years of age was &s;ick of a violent Sharpne&s;s of Urine; &s;ome pla|ced the cau&s;e in his Bladder, others in his Kid|neys: But when he was dead of an Apoplexy, there
<PB N="136" REF="74"> was no fault ob&s;erved in his Reins or Bladder, one|ly the Liver was &s;omewhat hard. So that it plainly appeared, the fault came from the too great Sharp|ne&s;s of the Humours that run to the Bladder; for his Urine was tinged and clear enough. One at la&s;t died of this Di&s;ea&s;e; there was a Stone found in his Bladder that weighed 2 ounces and an half, with a great Putrefaction of his Kidneys, he was exceeding venereal.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. He&s;&s;us <HI>a|pud</HI> Schen|kium.</NOTE> &para; In curing old men, who are &s;ick of Sharpne&s;s of Urine or Strangury, we mu&s;t &s;ee that the fuliginous and &s;erous excrements per&s;pire. We mu&s;t &s;ee al&s;o whether any Catarrh fall from the Brain by the Spine upon the Bladder; for it mu&s;t be diverted. I &s;aw one who when he had been &s;ick of a Dy&s;ury, after he had voided a whi|ti&s;h humour by Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius, <HI>aph.</HI> 31.3.</NOTE> was rid of his Dy&s;ury. He was in his declining age; how much more then may a Dy&s;ury be cau&s;ed in old Men by this humour? &para; One is &s;ick of a Dy&s;ury,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bauhinus.</NOTE> a purulent matter runs the whole day from him; undoubtedly it mu&s;t come from his <HI>Para&s;tatae.</HI> &para; Sometimes a white and milky matter is voided in &s;uch plenty, that when it is &s;et|led, it takes up half the room in the Chamber-pot. The Cau&s;e is both the weakne&s;s of the Stomach, that makes ill Chyle; and a weakne&s;s in the Kid|neys, to which when &s;ome lacteal Veins come, that receive immediately the watry Chyle, then when the Kidneys are weak, the thin Chyle not well clea|red of the &s;alt tartarous dregs, being carried thi|ther, it pa&s;&s;es, together with the Urine, into the Blad|der; it is a Di&s;ea&s;e familiar to Women and cold complexions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">H fmannus.</NOTE> <HI>Pulv. Stomach. Quercetani</HI> is good, with the inner Coat of a Hen's Gizzard in Hippocras-wine; and outwardly to anoint with <HI>&V;nguentum Stomach.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Both Learned men have written, and Experi|ence it &s;elf hath often taught me, that a Vomit is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy in the heat of Urine. For a Vomit draws powerfully, and evacuates the cho|lerick humours from the Liver and me&s;araick Veins:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> And we mu&s;t begin with gentle ones.</P>
<P N="3">III. Cly&s;ters of pure Milk, or mixt with Muci|lages, u&s;e to be &s;o efficacious, that I have known &s;ome Patients, who after long Pains have found ca&s;e onely by this Remedy and a Bath.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. It is nece&s;&s;ary that the Body be evacuated at certain intervals. This may be done by lenient and gently purging Medicines: for by &s;trong ones the humours are inflamed, and the heat of Urine en|crea&s;ed. <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> in this ca&s;e is preferred by mo&s;t Au|thours: but I have ob&s;erved, that after the u&s;e of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> the pains have been increa&s;ed in &s;everal Patients.</P>
<P N="5">V. Young Phy&s;icians mu&s;t be admoni&s;hed, that in Sharpne&s;s of Urine they make not a negligent in|&s;pection into the Cau&s;es of this Di&s;ea&s;e. For there are many deceived, who think it ari&s;es from the Stone in the Bladder, wherefore they give their mi&s;erable Patients Medicines accommodated to break the Stone, which is turned to their Urine: for the heat of Urine is increa&s;ed by tho&s;e Medi|cines that are endued with a hot faculty: where|upon an Ulcer in the Kidneys or the Bladder mu&s;t needs be bred, and therefore they mu&s;t be continu|ally upon the rack, who fall into the wicked hands of &s;uch Hang-men. As in my time it happened to one, who, neglecting nece&s;&s;ary means at fir&s;t, and af|terwards taking all the Medicines of Empiricks, fell into a mortal <HI>Diabetes.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pa&s;chalius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. A certain oleaginous matter, that drops down in&s;en&s;ibly moi&s;tens the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> in a Man, and the pa&s;&s;age of the Womb in a Woman. In defect of this, the Urine being &s;harp hurts the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> and cannot pa&s;s freely out. Several have been cured by moi&s;tning Diet, a Bath,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riola<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> and Oil of Sweet-al|monds injected by a Syringe into the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. The &s;ite of the Bladder is &s;ometimes chan|ged, when that portion of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> wherein it is enclo&s;ed, is loo&s;ned, and a little turned down, which cau&s;es a difficulty in pi&s;&s;ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> except the Belly be lift up by the Hand.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. One made water with difficulty, tho&s;e Glands being dried up, which are called <HI>Para&s;tatae variciformes,</HI> nor did he di&s;charge his Bladder with|out a great weight of Urine: So I ordered tho&s;e Parts, and the whole Body to be re&s;tored by Uncti|ons, and the pa&s;&s;age of the Urine being open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> he was cured.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Nothing is better in Heat of Urine than Steam of Milk, wherein Mullein has been boiled. &para; An admirable Syrup for Heat of Urine; Take of Seed of Mar&s;h-mallow, Mallow, Quince, Fleawort, each 1 ounce; put them in a hot Decoction of the Root of Mar&s;h-mallow, Seeds of white Popy, winter Cherries, what is &s;ufficient. When the Mucilage is made, &s;train it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">datus.</NOTE> and with Sugar make it into a Sy|rup.</P>
<P N="2">2. The following Electuary wonderfully corrects the hot Intemperature of the Brain, and Sharpne&s;s of Urine; Take of Con&s;erve of Flowers of Water|lily, Violets, Ro&s;es, Flowers of Cichory, each one drachm; white and red Saunders, each 1 &s;cruple; Seeds of Sorrel and Pur&s;lain, each 2 &s;cruples; Tro|chi&s;cs of Camphire, 1 drachm and a half. Mix them with Syrup of Popy. Make an Electuary. The Do&s;e is 2 drachms morning and evening.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Johannes Bapti&s;ta Theodo&s;ius</HI> commends the follow|ing Medicine out of <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Avicen,</HI> as one that ne|ver failed him; Take of Mallow-leaves 1 handfull and an half, fre&s;h Butter 2 drachms, Honey half a pound:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Fonta|nus.</NOTE> Let them boil in 5 pounds of Water to a third: Of which you may drink a little.</P>
<P N="4">4. One applied this Catapla&s;m to his twi&s;t, and he pre&s;ently made water freely; Take of Pellitory of the Wall 2 handfulls, Chervil 1 handfull and an half, cut them and boil them &s;oft, add of Butter 2 drachms, Oil of Scorpions 1 drachm and an half. Mix them and apply them hot. It did &s;o much good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tus.</NOTE> there was no need of any other Remedies.</P>
<P N="5">5. I will not conceal this Powder wherein I put great confidence; Take of Winter Cherries, N^o. xij. Seeds of Cucumber, white Popy, each half an ounce; white Sugar what is &s;ufficient. Make a Powder: of which take half an ounce always be|fore meal.</P>
<P N="6">6. Take of Salt Nitre prepared, Sugar-candy, each half a drachm; give it in Par&s;ley-water;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Praeve|tius.</NOTE> it is experienced.</P>
<P N="7">7.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wittichius.</NOTE> An Emul&s;ion of Che&s;nuts and a little white Popy &s;eeds made with Liquori&s;h water, is good for Heat of urine.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="5" TYPE="book">
<PB N="137" REF="74">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK V. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> E.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ebrietas,</HI> or Drunkenne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether it be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by drinking Wine afre&s;h? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by applying a Medicine to the Stones. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Bath is proper for the cure of a Surfeit? <HI>III.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ACcording to the rule of <HI>Schola Salernitana,</HI>
<Q><L>Si nocturna tibi nocet potatio vini,</L>
<L>Hoc mane rebibas, &amp; erit tibi medici|na. <HI>i. e.</HI></L></Q></P>
<P><HI>If you be bitten by a dog over night, a hair of his tail will cure you the next morning.</HI> And although this remedy may &s;eem to contradict the common fundamental of Medical Cure, that Contraries mu&s;t be the cure of Contraries; and that of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1 <HI>Aphor.</HI> 3. That fulne&s;s is cured by emptine&s;s: Yet we mu&s;t di&s;tin|gui&s;h between things that are done by accident, and things that come of them&s;elves. Repletion is not truely the remedy of repletion; but it does good, ina&s;much as it excites the faculty and the innate heat; hence a con&s;umption of the morbifick mat|ter happens from it: For Nature, upon the ac|ce&s;&s;ion of new Aliment attempts concoction, which before it was not able to perform. Crude matter indeed over-heaped does harm, if the quantity ex|ceed the &s;trength of the &s;tomach, but a little puts Nature in mind of her duty, and &s;olicites her to perfect concoction. <HI>Hollerius de morb. int. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 3. affirms, that the hurt of Wine is removed by re|peated drinking, ina&s;much as Wine by its heating and drying power con&s;umes the hurt of Wine; In the &s;ame manner as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, that pains in the eyes, ari&s;ing from thick vapours, are cured by drink|ing mere Wine. <HI>A. Villanovanus,</HI> in his Comment up|on the afore&s;aid Ver&s;es, adds a caution, namely, that the rule holds not good when Drunkenne&s;s has heated the body: becau&s;e then the repeated drink|ing of Wine, would be onely adding fewel to the fire.</P>
<P N="2">II. One that had drank plentifully of Spani&s;h Wine, fell from his &s;eat and lay for dead; when his <HI>Scrotum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 19.</NOTE> and all his Privities were wrapt up in the Juice of Hou&s;leek, mixt with &s;harp Vinegar and Nitre, his drunkenne&s;s was pre&s;ently di&s;cu&s;&s;ed; yet a heavine&s;s remained in his head.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Galen,</HI> for the concoction of crudity, orders them that are drunk to bathe the next day, and after ba|thing to go to &s;leep. Yet he advi&s;es not this in e|very head-ach, but when the head is hot without a Fever, then he pre&s;cribes a Bath, and after ba|thing to eat Lettuce, and &s;up Pti&s;an:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 30.</NOTE> But when fla|tulent vapours exhale to the head from putrid hu|mours in the &s;tomach, and cau&s;e giddine&s;s, then he utterly di&s;&s;wades the u&s;e of the Bath.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Leaves of large-headed Lettuce &s;teeped in cold water, and applied to the head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacob. Fon|tanus.</NOTE> are good for the Head-ach.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nic. Pi&s;o.</NOTE> It is a mo&s;t excellent thing to prevent drunk|enne&s;s, to take 2 ounces of Oil.</P>
<P N="3">3. One writes, that if you take the powder of burnt Swallows, it will never &s;uffer you to be drunk. &para; Al&s;o a Powder that hinders drunken|ne&s;s is thus prepared; Take of Seeds of Cole|wort 1 drachm, Coriander half a drachm, Cam|phire 2 grains. The do&s;e is a &s;poonfull in au&s;tere Wine. &para; Al&s;o Vinegar taken either da&s;hed with water, or by it &s;elf in a good quantity, is an An|tidote
<PB N="138" REF="75"> again&s;t drunkenne&s;s;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Felix Plate|rus.</NOTE> wherewith a notori|ous drunkard has u&s;ed for a long time to arm him|&s;elf again&s;t all harm from hard drinking.</P>
<P N="4">4. If you take 2 ounces of common Oil of Ro|&s;es, you will be free from drunkenne&s;s that whole day. &para; This Powder is accounted a great &s;ecret; Take of the powder of Red-Ro&s;es half a &s;cruple, burnt-Swallows 2 &s;cruples, Seeds of Cabbage, Pur|&s;lain, each half a &s;cruple, Ma&s;&s;ick 4 grains, Sugar of Ro&s;es 2 &s;cruples, for one time.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ecchymoma,</HI> or a Brui&s;e, or Blackne&s;s and Blewne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Fat things mu&s;t not be applied. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e Suppuraters cautiou&s;ly. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not tarry for perfect Suppuration. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;pontaneous one how cured? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the Skin be broken, it mu&s;t be guarded, before a Catapla&s;m be applied. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A great one in the head cured by the u&s;e of di&s;per&s;ers. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How cured in the &s;ides, belly and back? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be handled about the ribs? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one in the left Groin. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its cure by cutting. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One by a Fall how cured? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that are not timely taken out, end in &s;inuous &V;lcers, and mu&s;t be cured by cutting. <HI>XII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BAth-keepers apply to the contu&s;ion of the parts a middling Medicine, between a Pla|&s;ter and a Catapla&s;m, made of a&s;tringents, di&s;per|&s;ers, driers, and &s;trengthners of the tendons and nerves, as Bean-flower, du&s;t of the Mill, Bole-Armenick, Comfrey, mixt with the White of an Egg. <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> &s;ays, It is no ab&s;urdity, if we apply &s;uch things as &s;oon as the part is brui&s;ed, though it want articulation, while the matter is yet upon motion thither: For then the affluent matter is wa&s;ted more powerfully by drying, and hindred by repelling. But if we u&s;e Unguents or Oils, the Skin and Pores are &s;topt, &s;o that what ought to exhale, cannot. Otherwi&s;e, if the Contu&s;ion be &s;mall, nothing is better in the beginning for mo|derate repelling and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing, than a linen-cloth dipt in Ro&s;e-water and Whites of Eggs beaten,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ef<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rus Here <HI>Med. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> ap|plied warm: Or if the Skin onely be brui&s;ed, it may be anointed immediately with Hog's-grea&s;e; It will be quickly cured without any &s;pot.</P>
<P N="2">II. If we can by no means obtain di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, and there be marks of Suppuration, it mu&s;t be promo|ted: Yet we mu&s;t u&s;e caution in the application of Suppuraters, and we mu&s;t not u&s;e any but &s;uch as are moderate: for if we mi&s;take but a little in this ca&s;e, a fordid Ulcer and Putrefaction may ea&s;ily be rai&s;ed in the part.</P>
<P N="3">III. And becau&s;e Modern Chirurgeons have ob|&s;erved this, they advi&s;e, when we ob&s;erve a Con|tu&s;ion run into an Impo&s;thume, that we &s;hould not wait for perfect Suppuration: For if <HI>Pus,</HI> which is bred of concrete bloud, be kept long in the part affected, it may cau&s;e much mi&s;chief, as Fevers, Pains and high Putrefaction, and corrupt the ad|joyning parts, Nerves and Bones; whence after|wards malignant Ulcers, and oftentimes <HI>Fi&s;tulaes,</HI> de|rive their original. Nor al&s;o do they admit of e|mollient and &s;uppurating Pla&s;ters and Catapla&s;ms, becau&s;e Putrefaction may ea&s;ily be cau&s;ed by them.</P>
<P N="4"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Senuertus.</NOTE>IV. A Man of Three&s;core, of a full con&s;titution, complained of defluxions from his head; the night following he ob&s;erves a &s;udden remi&s;&s;ion of his Head-ach. His left arm was all on a &s;udden of a deep bloud red colour, without any pain or in|flammation, and &s;o was the upper part of the &s;ame &s;ide. When I was called, I judged it to be an <HI>Ec|chymo&s;is,</HI> from an internal cau&s;e, Nature driving the abundance of bloud, which threatned an Apoplexy from fulne&s;s, to the out parts: and I declared that this afflux mu&s;t be di&s;&s;ipated by things that di|ge&s;t gradually, and not at all by repellents: By which means the red colour became a little blew, and then yellow; ju&s;t as we &s;ee <HI>Ecchymo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> left after bloud-letting are al&s;o di&s;&s;ipated by Nature. For this rea&s;on I ordered Ry-flower, mixt with pow|der of Chamaemil flowers, Savine and Melilot, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to be applied twice a day: Making u&s;e in the mean time of &s;uch things as plenitude requires. &para; A boy &s;ix months old had &s;everal fits, at length when his Fits were returning, he was on a &s;udden taken with &s;uch another <HI>Ecchymo&s;is</HI> about his left Eyelid and Cheek, whereby he was relieved, and &s;eemed better in other re&s;pects. Here I told them they mu&s;t ab&s;tain from liquid things, as being endued with a repelling faculty,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;ti|us, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 11.</NOTE> by rea&s;on of their actual coldne&s;s, which they quickly fall into; and that they &s;hould undertake the bu&s;ine&s;s with dry dige&s;ting fo|mentations, by which al&s;o gradually a di&s;&s;ipation was obtained, as in the former.</P>
<P N="5">V. This Caution is nece&s;&s;ary before application of a Cat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">la&s;m, that, if the Skin be not whole, a thin lin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ag, &s;pread with <HI>&V;nguentum ro&s;atum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> Meth. ad Prax.</NOTE> <HI>popu|lem,</HI> or <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e tatia,</HI> be fir&s;t applied, and then the Cata|pla&s;m.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Woman about 50 years old got a contu|&s;ed wound in her head by a fall, &s;o that there a|ro&s;e a Tumour from the extrava&s;ated bloud, as big as a Hen's Egg. When all was done that &s;hould be done, I thought of opening it, or &s;uppurating it ac|cording to <HI>Aphor.</HI> 5.20. To this there did concur, the abundance of matter, her age, the hardne&s;s of her Skin, the Winter-&s;ea&s;on. Becau&s;e &s;he was a|gain&s;t opening it, and that I might avoid the pain and other troubles of Suppuration, I tried di&s;&s;ipati|on. Fir&s;t I fomented the part with warm water for half an hour, then I &s;haved the part again&s;t the hair, that the pores might be better opened, and the filth &s;ticking to the part might be better got off:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Riverius</HI> in ob&s;. commu|nicat.</NOTE> Then I applied of Oil of Lilies and Chamaemil equal parts, applying upon that warm Cotton fumed with Spi|ces, and &s;o the Tumour di&s;&s;olved beyond all ex|pectation.</P>
<P N="7">VII. They think this mu&s;t e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved, if the contu&s;ion be in the &s;ides, belly or back. For then we mu&s;t take e&s;pecial notice, whether in 3, 4, or 5 days, there ari&s;e upon the place, where the Contu&s;ion was, a Swelling with pain, whether it in|crea&s;e daily, and there be a throbbing pain, and the Patient cannot indure the part to be touched, if an unu&s;ual redne&s;s appear round it, if he breathe &s;hort, and there be any heat in the body: For when the&s;e things appear, although no blewne&s;s appear in the outer parts, it is a &s;ign that matter is gather|ing, and an Impo&s;thume breeding. Wherefore, le&s;t the matter turn inwards, eat holes, and corrode the inward parts, and by the&s;e means cau&s;e death, or tedious di&s;ea&s;es in the Patient, the place mu&s;t be timely opened; for when the place is opened, the matter runs out with ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> They think that Emol|lients and Suppuraters doe little good.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t take notice al&s;o of what <HI>Paraeus</HI> tells us, how in a Contu&s;ion of the Mu&s;cles, e&s;peci|ally about the ribs, the fle&s;h &s;wells, and becomes as it were mucous; &s;o that if it be pre&s;t, it makes the air flatulent, with a &s;mall hi&s;&s;ing, and the prints of one's fingers remain in it. Then in the &s;pace, which the fle&s;h parting from the bones has left, a purulent matter is left, which cau&s;es the ribs to peri&s;h. If this happen, we mu&s;t timely prevent the mi&s;chief, and the part mu&s;t be bound very &s;trait, and then <HI>Oxycroceum Diachylum, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">iatum,</HI> or the like dige&s;ters mu&s;t be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="9"><PB N="139" REF="75">IX. Some Noblemen in the River threw Water one at another; one of them that had &s;tirred him|&s;elf mo&s;t violently, had a great pain in his left groin, and at length an <HI>Ecchymo&s;is</HI> in the &s;ame place, a &s;pan long, and five inches broad, which was a certain argument that &s;ome Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be broken. There|fore the cure of broken Ve&s;&s;els was entred upon by <HI>&V;nguentum herbaceum</HI> inwardly and outwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Sal|muth, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 68.</NOTE> <HI>Pulvis ad ca&s;um, Pimpinellae</HI> and <HI>Oxycroceum,</HI> pre&s;ently the pain cea&s;ed, and the concrete bloud exhaled.</P>
<P N="10">X. You may often &s;ee, upon a Contu&s;ion of the fle&s;hy parts of the body, abundance of bloud extra|va&s;ated in their inter&s;tices, which you may find to fluctuate by the touch of your fingers, and you may &s;ever it, as in ab&s;ce&s;&s;es; but you mu&s;t con&s;ider, that to treat this as an Ab&s;ce&s;s is not always &s;ucce&s;sfull. To go to work by Di&s;cutients were tedious, and by driers would be more difficult; but to efficacious and expeditions Chirurgery it is ea&s;ie. That is, if you thru&s;t a Penknife, or &s;ometimes a broad point|ed Lancet into the Skin: for &s;o, and by &s;queezing it a little, the grumous bloud will &s;tart out wonder|fully. Which was verified in a Carman, that was kicked by a Mule,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Eff. Chir. p. <HI>97.</HI></NOTE> and had his Arm brui&s;ed, &s;welled and pained, who came to me, and was this way &s;uc|ce&s;sfully cured.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Man of about 36 years of Age, of a lean con&s;titution, by accident of a fall, near two &s;tories high, into the Street, was &s;orely brui&s;ed, e&s;pecial|ly on his left-&s;ide, hip and arm. I immediately let him bloud largely, and embrocated the parts brui&s;|ed, <HI>cum oleo ro&s;. myrt. &amp; aceto,</HI> and applied a&s;tringent Empla&s;ters. A Cly&s;ter was al&s;o pre&s;cribed, and I|ri&s;h Slate, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> was given him, whereby he was di&s;|po&s;ed to a breathing &s;weat: and at the hour of &s;leep an Anodyne draught was pre&s;cribed, to in|cline him to re&s;t. By this method the fluxion was checked, during which the parts di&s;ea&s;ed were fo|mented with a <HI>decoct. &s;ummitat. abfinth. anethi, majoranae, flor. cham. &s;ambuci, &s;em. ani&s;i &amp; cumini,</HI> to which was ad|ded <HI>Spir. vini.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Wi&s;eman's <HI>Chirurgery, p.</HI> 70.</NOTE> Embrocations were al&s;o made <HI>ex oleis aneth. rutae &amp; terebinth.</HI> and the Cerote above propo&s;ed was applied over them: and in progre&s;s of time he was cured.</P>
<P N="12">XII. To them that are employed in the cure of outward Ails, there often occur Ulcers, which lie hid under the Skin, a little di&s;coloured, and &s;ome|thing exa&s;perated, unity being broke; which in cacochymick or cachectick bodies gives a painfull &s;u&s;picion of it &s;elf, and which may either pa&s;s in|to &s;ome cavity, if any &s;uch place be there, or of be&s;etting and putrefying the bones; or the Mu&s;cles and Nerves, or if the&s;e or any joint be underneath, there is fear of lo&s;s or lamene&s;s, or of a perpetual feeblene&s;s. Which it is a prudent Man's part to pre|vent; becau&s;e the force of corruption is admira|ble, if it remain there any time. For I have &s;een, where the Skin has been whole, and where it has not been touched by the ab&s;ce&s;s, pieces of fle&s;h, ill cured, have withered, and likewi&s;e whole torous Mu&s;cles, and long tendons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Yea, and &s;olid bones have lo&s;t their rigour, and natural &s;plendour. I have had eminent examples of this matter. Which, indeed, as it is wonderfull in exactly putrid Ails, &s;o it is much more admirable in Contu&s;ions and <HI>Ec|chymomas,</HI> which if indeed they fall upon the nervous parts, and be not at the fir&s;t exhau&s;ted and dried up by Medicines, when the fle&s;h, and ve&s;&s;els, and fi|bres of other parts, do both langui&s;h with the brui&s;e, and are a little poi&s;oned with their own juice ex|trava&s;ated, the bones which are fenced round, be|ing not &s;ufficiently defended by their own &s;mall heat and &s;lender vigour, and being deprived by de|grees of their temperament, wax black, which is the la&s;t &s;ign of ab&s;olute mortification. This was the ca&s;e of <HI>N.</HI> who&s;e hand was brui&s;ed with a &s;tick, and when the <HI>Ecchymoma</HI> had been ill cured by others, and was ju&s;t turning to an Ab&s;ce&s;s, I opened it, and found it putrefied a great way; and after the ri|&s;ing of a great Swelling, it created me no &s;mall trouble in the cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. Eff. p. <HI>107.</HI></NOTE> till the <HI>o&s;&s;a phalangis</HI> were laid bare, and appeared black. And he was cured of the Ab&s;ce&s;s of the Bones with much adoe.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is very effectual. Take of Flower of Faenugreek 1 ounce, of Frankincen&s;e, Myrrhe, or <HI>Lacca,</HI> each 1 drachm, Goat's-dung half an ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> Salt 2 drachms. Boil them in Wine. Make a Pla|&s;ter.</P>
<P N="2">2. For this purpo&s;e &s;ome, which is an excellent remedy for them, e&s;pecially that are beaten, do wrap the Patient in a Sheep-skin newly &s;layn, while it is hot, be&s;trewed with Salt, Powder of Myrtle-berries, Garden-cre&s;&s;es; or if a Sheep-skin be wanting, let the Patient be anointed with Oil of Ro&s;es, Myrtle, Worms, to which may be added Powder of Red-Ro&s;es, or Myrtle-berries. &para; And the Root of Solomon's-Seal is mo&s;t efficacious in curing brui&s;es, which either fre&s;h, or in Winter-time, &s;teeped in Wine, and brui&s;ed, and applied in form of a Catapla&s;m, often in one night, takes a|way the Sugillation, &s;o that the natural colour re|turns to the part affected. &para; Al&s;o a rank Nut brui&s;ed is commended. And if the extrava&s;ated bloud cannot be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by other remedies, cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es, if the place will bear them, mu&s;t be applied, which are a mo&s;t effectual remedy to draw out whatever is contained deep in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and if there be occa&s;ion, Scarifications mu&s;t be u&s;ed, that &s;ome of the bloud may manife&s;tly be di&s;charged.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Empyema,</HI> or a gathering of corrupted Matter in the Che&s;t.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;ometimes purge gently. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e Diureticks and Hydroticks. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that break the Ab&s;ce&s;s inwardly are not &s;afe. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Expectoraters mu&s;t be various according to the variety of the matter to be expectorated. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of re&s;olving and drying Decoctions hurtfull. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their <HI>Succedaneum. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long upon Fomentations. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tapping is full of danger, though never &s;o well done. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence we mu&s;t make our e&s;timate of the Patient's &s;trength to bear it. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All the matter mu&s;t not be drawn off at once. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be timely exerci&s;ed. <HI>XI, XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Rightly admini&s;tred it is &s;afe. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right place for opening. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be the &s;ame in all. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution about the place of cutting. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Aperture may be made in the ribs. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometime no <HI>Pus</HI> comes out after cutting. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Succedaneum</HI> to Tapping. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pus</HI> contained within the <HI>Media&s;tinum</HI> mu&s;t be got out by perforating the <HI>Sternum. XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If <HI>Pus</HI> be contained in a proper coat, Section mu&s;t be made where the Swelling is. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening by a potential Cau&s;tick, the &s;ure&s;t way of all. <HI>XXII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHat can be expected from giving a Purge, when the peccant matter can onely be di&s;charged by &s;pitting? But, <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de int. affect.</HI> Purges by Mare's-milk, and &s;ometimes by A&s;&s;e's. And <HI>Trallianus</HI> be&s;ide the&s;e, in &s;ome ca&s;es, allows of Goat's and Cow's Milk; and ju&s;tly indeed, becau&s;e from Milk we have the clean&s;ing of the
<PB N="140" REF="76"> Body, and the cooling and tempering of the Hu|mours, all which things are de&s;ired in &s;uppurated per&s;ons; for the cleaner Bodies are, the le&s;s &s;ick they are, tempered humours doe le&s;s harm, and when the habit is cooled, Fevers are le&s;s afflictive. Where|fore, I commend &s;uch a kind of Purge; but for this a great quantity of Milk, that is, three or four pounds mu&s;t be given: And what <HI>Hippocrates</HI> did every day, that we mu&s;t doe at &s;everal turns. But if the u&s;e of Milk do not plea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pet. Salius Diver&s;us,</HI> com. in text. <HI>7.</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> de morb.</NOTE> or the Patient re|fu&s;e it, for this &s;ame Purging we mu&s;t make u&s;e of <HI>Manna, Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Solutive Syrup of Violets, and the like, which are proper to evacuate, cool and tem|per.</P>
<P N="2">II. Urinary Medicines are u&s;ually powerfull re|medies; for that Catarrh, which falls down on the Lungs, and there putrefies, does not take its ri&s;e from the head onely; but &s;ometimes it is ca&s;t off by the whole venous kind, upon &s;ome weak part. Therefore Sweat and Urine is a pre&s;ent re|medy for it: And a decoction of <HI>China</HI>-root with Scabious, and other things proper for the Brea&s;t and Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> will doe good.</P>
<P N="3">III. If the Ab&s;ce&s;s break not, Practitioners bid us give &s;uch things as may break it. But they do not reach to the part affected. It were better to apply Medicines to the &s;ide, which might draw out|wards, and afterwards open it with an In&s;trument, or Cautery, that the matter may purge outward, and not break inward: for breaking inward would be dangerous for fear of choaking, and when it was broke, the matter could not conveniently be eva|cuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 15.</NOTE> And when the Lungs are exulcerated, Men become con&s;umptive and die.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In the choice of Medicines we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the matter which mu&s;t be expectorated. For if the <HI>Pus</HI> be bilious, &s;harp and corroding, we mu&s;t chu&s;e &s;uch as mitigate and allay acrimony; as Barley, Jujubes, Rai&s;ins, and the like: If the <HI>Pus</HI> be not &s;harp, but thick, then attenuating and inciding Medicines mu&s;t be made u&s;e of,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> as Hy&s;&s;op, Colts-foot, Elecampane-root, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. The in&s;en&s;ible drying and con&s;umption of the purulent matter is u&s;ually attempted by dry|ing and re&s;olving Decoctions; from which, &s;eeing more hurt may be feared, through increa&s;e of the leanne&s;s and Fever, than good, by con&s;uming a &s;mall portion of the matter; therefore we de&s;ervedly omit this &s;ort of remedy in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="6">VI. In&s;tead whereof I &s;hould more willingly give Sulphureous Waters, both Purgative and Diuretick, if they were at hand, for &s;everal days, to dry up the Lungs, and carry off the matter both ways. But in defect of them u&s;e may be made of a decoc|tion of the Root of Elecampane, Liquorice, and <HI>China</HI> al&s;o, if you can have good, made in di&s;tilled-Water of Coltsfoot, Lungwort and Maiden-hair, a|bout half a &s;cruple of Spirit of Tartar, and Spirit of Turpentine being added for one time; where|to may be premi&s;ed a <HI>Bolus</HI> made of Salt of Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">is. <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 41. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> Butter of Sulphur and Turpentine.</P>
<P N="7">VII. External Expectoraters mu&s;t not be neg|lected, and the Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t mu&s;t be freed from ten&s;ion and hardne&s;s by anointing<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> and fo|mentations; Yet we mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long upon them, le&s;t the &s;trength of the Mu&s;cles, which is here very nece&s;&s;ary, be &s;pent; and by rea&s;on of laxity the che&s;t be again made liable to fluxions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Tapping is more dangerous, than is com|monly believed, for &s;eeing the Lungs always play on the inner <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the Brea&s;t, and in expira|tion is but a very little way from it, they can &s;carce avoid the edge of the Knife: And then the matter cannot well get out. At la&s;t, if the matter get out, to me it is probable, that it proceeds from the very Lungs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne <HI>Microtech. p.</HI> 2. <HI>Sect.</HI> 18.</NOTE> after their Coat is wounded; which is the rea&s;on, why the Phy&s;ician rarely obtains his de&s;ired end, and the Patient, for the mo&s;t part, dies quickly after.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Unle&s;s the &s;trength of the Patient be very good, or indifferent, tapping mu&s;t be omitted, le&s;t when the Patient dies, a remedy, otherwi&s;e the mo&s;t noble and &s;afe, be defamed. And Phy&s;icians mea&s;ure for the mo&s;t part the &s;trength by Pul&s;es, which yet may deceive the Phy&s;icians in this ca&s;e, &s;ince the matter in the Brea&s;t of a Patient, that is yet &s;trong enough, may cau&s;e Pul&s;es, that argue lowne&s;s of &s;trength, namely, a little, &s;wift, frequent and inor|dinate one. But it is a mo&s;t certain &s;ign,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sculteru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Tab.</HI> 3<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> the &s;trength is good, when a Patient can &s;it or walk, and that either by the benefit of a &s;trong nature, or by the help of &s;ome Staff.</P>
<P N="10">X. The matter of an <HI>Empyema</HI> mu&s;t be let out by little and little, and at &s;everal times, that is, every day &s;ix ounces once or twice, as the &s;trength of the Patient can bear it: for if they who let out all the matter together at one time, do not die &s;pent, yet becau&s;e of the &s;udden change of nature, they mu&s;t certainly expect a greater <HI>Empyema</HI> than the former; for Nature, if the matter &s;he was accu&s;tomed to, be evacuated all at once, tran&s;mits many humours from the re&s;t of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> to correct the <HI>Vacuum</HI> that was &s;o &s;uddenly made, &s;o that a greater and wor&s;e <HI>Empyema</HI> than the former mu&s;t ari&s;e.</P>
<P N="11">XI. This mu&s;t in the fir&s;t place be con&s;idered, whether the &s;igns that the Di&s;ea&s;e is made be cer|tain or dubious: In the former ca&s;e there is no great need of Pharmacy, but onely of a prepared body, and you may &s;treight proceed to the opening of the &s;ide. Therefore, if after a Pleuri&s;ie, or Pe|ripneumony, or bloud run inwards after a wound, there be any fluctuation of <HI>Pus,</HI> or purulent matter, or bloud within the cavity of the <HI>Thorax</HI> perceived, with no &s;pitting, or dimini&s;hed, there is no nece&s;&s;ity for our tarrying any longer upon ripening, or ex|pectorating Medicines; but we mu&s;t proceed to tapping: In tender and timorous people a cau&s;tick may be fir&s;t applied between the &s;ixth and &s;eventh rib. But if the &s;igns of this di&s;ea&s;e be not &s;o very certain, and altogether dubious, we mu&s;t not fall too &s;oon and ra&s;hly upon tapping: For in &s;ome that &s;pit out purulent matter, with great difficulty of breathing, and &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t, I have known Tapping celebrated, not onely to no purpo&s;e, but to hurt. Therefore when expectoraters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and gen|tle diureticks and &s;udorificks have been u&s;ed in vain, we may proceed to Tapping.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed burning to all that were &s;up|purated, when they had gathered <HI>Pus</HI> in the <HI>Thorax,</HI> or in the region of the belly: and when burning is not &s;ufficient, he proceeded to penetrating &s;ection. And truely I per&s;wade my &s;elf, this cure would be very beneficial to many, were it but admini&s;tred in time. But, now it gives help to few or none, be|cau&s;e either it is not done at all, or much later than it &s;hould be done; partly becau&s;e Phy&s;icians them&s;elves are afraid, as if it were &s;ome great mat|ter; partly becau&s;e Patients will not obey them, except they plainly &s;ee they mu&s;t die, and then they give way when it is too late:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, 5. <HI>Epidem.</HI></NOTE> But the &s;ea|&s;onable u&s;e of &s;uch things, is, while the Patient has yet &s;trength to bear them.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>aphor.</HI> 27. commends Tapping; and <HI>Galen</HI> gives it his Vote, nor without rea&s;on; for wounds of the Brea&s;t are not mortal of them|&s;elves, and there is not a more convenient pa&s;&s;age open for the purulent matter: So that the &s;everal attempts for evacuation of the matter, by Ve&s;icato|ries; or, as <HI>Paul</HI> will have it, by &s;everal Burnings made in the skin, that the matter may be drawn to the external Mu&s;cles, are fruitle&s;s, becau&s;e of lo&s;s of time, which is attended by lo&s;s of &s;trength. The experience of both the ancient and modern make it clear, that &s;everal have been &s;aved this way. <HI>Marchetti, in &s;ylloge ob&s;ervat.</HI> 44. has an illu&s;trious example. A Nobleman of <HI>Padua,</HI> &s;aith he, after a Pleuri&s;ie that was not well purged, fell into an <HI>Empyema:</HI> So much <HI>Pus</HI> was contained in the cavity of
<PB N="141" REF="76"> the <HI>Thorax,</HI> that twice or thrice a-day he fell into a Lipothymy, next to a Syncope: I propounded cut+ting between the fifth and &s;ixth Rib, commended by all Authours, and by my own experience often ad|mini&s;tred with good &s;ucce&s;s, which the next mor|ning I performed between the fifth and &s;ixth Rib (&s;ome condemning it for fear of hurting the inter|co&s;tal ve&s;&s;els) and put in a Tent thick enough, which might keep the hole open: I drew it out a|bout evening, and with it above three pounds of <HI>Pus;</HI> after which <HI>N.</HI> was well of his Lipothymy: Which I afterwards cured, as other wounds of the Brea&s;t, that is, every day drawing out the purulent mat|ter, and a few days after putting in a Leaden pipe, through which all the matter was wholly drawn out. Which at la&s;t, being drawn out, I brought the wound to a Cicatrice, at length, in the &s;pace of twenty eight days.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. There is a great di&s;agreement in opinions about the place of Cutting, &s;ome chu&s;ing the &s;pace between the fourth and fifth Rib, others that be|tween the third and fourth: And the latter opini|on evidently preponderates, as to getting out mo&s;t conveniently what is trouble&s;ome to the diaphragm: But the ca&s;e in a live and a dead man is far different; becau&s;e in the living the diaphragm is lifted up much higher than in the dead: but in a &s;uppuration of long continuance the expul&s;ive faculty &s;o lan|gui&s;hes, or rather is &s;o dead, that it delivers its burthen much more ea&s;ily down hill than up. A publick Ho&s;pital &s;ometime &s;aw this in an unfortu|nate man, from whom cutting above brought out no <HI>Pus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">M. Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> but cutting below, after he was dead, brought away much. &para; Moreover it is nece&s;&s;ary to find the di&s;tance of Latitude: For if Section be made towards the Back, the thickne&s;s of the Mu&s;|cles of the Back, the multitude of Tendons, and the pa&s;&s;age of the Nerves from the Spine &s;hew dan|ger: If you cut forward toward the Brea&s;t, it is to be feared you may hurt the diaphragm; or, if you mi&s;s that, you may not be able (becau&s;e of the ac|tivity of the diaphragm) conveniently to purge out what will be apt to fall backwards. That you may &s;hun the&s;e Rocks, take a thread, and mea&s;ure from the tip of the Brea&s;t bone to the top of the <HI>Verte|bra</HI>'s of the Spine. Then divide this into three parts, and at that place whither the two third parts of the thread reach (beginning from the Brea&s;t-bone) there will be the very place for Tapping.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. van Horne <HI>Microtech. p.</HI> 1. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 18.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Paulus, l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 44. opens the Brea&s;t between the fifth and &s;ixth Rib, reckoning from above: But <HI>Hippocrates, l.</HI> 2. <HI>de morbis,</HI> opens between the &s;eventh and eighth Rib, reckoning al&s;o from above. In the place cited in|deed he names the Inter&s;tice of the third and fourth Rib for Tapping, reckoning from the la&s;t below up|wards: Yet, becau&s;e he reckons not the twelfth Rib, as being difficult to find, and begins his ac|count from the eleventh exclu&s;ively, this place jumps with the Inter&s;tice, which is between the &s;eventh and the eighth. This place of <HI>Paulus</HI> in &s;ome does u&s;ually make a right perpendicular line with the Nipple of the Brea&s;t. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> chu&s;es the emi|nence or bending of the Ribs; yet, to avoid the nervous Mu&s;cles, he makes not his inci&s;ion upon it, nor behind, towards the Back; but a little for|ward, toward the <HI>Sternum.</HI> Indeed in this place of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> the diaphragm &s;eems to be in danger, but is in none, becau&s;e, being depre&s;&s;ed by the quanti|ty of matter, where it &s;ticks to the Ribs, it comes not &s;o high as to be hurt by the Knife. In the &s;ame &s;ide, where matter is perceived gathered, the Tap|ping mu&s;t be made. If therefore it be felt on the right &s;ide, tap on the right; if on the left, tap on the left; if on both &s;ides, tap on both. Of the re|counted places, that of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> is certainly the be&s;t, becau&s;e <HI>Pus,</HI> or any other matter gathered in the Brea&s;t, may this way better run out, becau&s;e of the more declivous &s;ite of the opening, than in that of <HI>Paulus.</HI> Yet that of <HI>Paulus</HI> is not wholly to be de|&s;pi&s;ed, &s;ince, the matter a little more narrowly con&s;idered, in the right &s;ide <HI>Paulus</HI> his place &s;eems preferable to that of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> becau&s;e the Liver, by its gibbous &s;ide, drives the diaphragm upwards. In the left &s;ide, if the Che&s;t mu&s;t be opened on that, becau&s;e the diaphragm, by rea&s;on of the lower &s;ite of the Spleen, ri&s;es not &s;o high, and is depre&s;|&s;ed by the &s;tore of matter, either <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his place mu&s;t be made choice of (wherefore <HI>Hippocra|tes, l.</HI> 2. <HI>de morbis,</HI> &s;ays, <HI>It were to be wi&s;hed, that the mat|ter to be evacuated always &s;ettled on the left &s;ide</HI>) or the middle one between it and that of <HI>Paulus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ultetus, <HI>Tab.</HI> 35.</NOTE> &para; Two things &s;hould be taken care of in the choice of the place; Fir&s;t, that nothing (which may any way endanger the Patient) may be hurt in the Che&s;t, that is, the <HI>Pericardium,</HI> Lungs, Diaphragm, Veins, Arteries or Nerves. Secondly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> that <HI>Pus</HI> may con|veniently be evacuated by the place, where the &s;ec|tion is made. &para; I &s;aw one, who going about to cut the Mu&s;cle of the <HI>Thorax</HI> between the fourth and fifth Ribs (though I had ever rather doe it, being taught by long experience, between the fifth and &s;ixth, or rather below the membrane which clothes the &s;ixth underneath) cut through the very <HI>Pericar|dium,</HI> whereupon he fell in a Swound; and, when the Chirurgeon came the next day, he found him dead. I &s;aw another make a hole on the right &s;ide, &s;o wide, that I could ea&s;ily have put three of my fingers into it, whereby both the <HI>Vena ajuga</HI> and o|ther Veins were cut, &s;o that the poor man expi|red under the Chirurgeon's hand. There lives now at <HI>Liege</HI> a Tailor, who by my advice, when he was almo&s;t choaked with the quantity of matter, was cut by a skillfull Chirurgeon between the fourth and fifth Ribs; and twenty days after he was cut, as he &s;hould, below the &s;ixth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. ab Heer, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 22.</NOTE> and he quickly re|covered.</P>
<P N="15">XV. As to what concerns the place where this Section &s;hould be made, the Learned are at no &s;mall variance among them&s;elves; and the rea&s;on of this thing may ea&s;ily be imagined: for &s;ometime the diaphragm lies higher in one Man than in ano|ther, &s;o that this is the rea&s;on, why the humours, that fall upon the diaphragm, are found higher in one Man than in another. 2. Some have a pro|tuberant Brea&s;t, others a flat one, which al&s;o cau|&s;es a great alteration. Be&s;ides, the Lungs often &s;tick &s;o fa&s;t to the <HI>Pleura,</HI> that the <HI>Pus</HI> cannot ea&s;ily fall down upon the diaphragm, wherefore you do not doe well, if you cut the lowe&s;t place about the dia|phragm. And although both in this and other Tu|mours the highe&s;t place be reckoned the fitte&s;t for opening, it is not impo&s;&s;ible, if the Di&s;ea&s;e put the Chirurgeon upon it, to chu&s;e &s;ometimes one place, &s;ometimes another for the mo&s;t convenient. Upon this &s;core <HI>Hippocrates, Guid<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> &amp;c. open the Brea&s;t between the third and fourth Rib, reckoning from below; <HI>Flenus, Riverius,</HI> &amp;c. between the fourth and fifth; <HI>Vidius, Aquapendens,</HI> &amp;c. between the fifth and &s;ixth; which place &s;eems to them and to us the &s;afe&s;t of all: for if you cut higher, you endanger the <HI>Pericardium;</HI> and if lower, you will hurt the Di|aphragm, as very &s;ad examples of this matter have made it evident to us. But in this troubled water of Di&s;cord among Writers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette, <HI>Chirurg.</HI></NOTE> the Signs now propo|&s;ed will conduct you &s;afe to harbor.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. In the inner part, on the under &s;ide, the Ribs are a little hollowed by a <HI>Sinus,</HI> where they receive an interco&s;tal Nerve, Artery and Vein. This <HI>Sinus</HI> is e&s;pecially con&s;iderable in tapping Empyick per&s;ons; for we mu&s;t have a great care that we hurt not the &s;aid interco&s;tal Ve&s;&s;els. <HI>Bartholinus</HI> writes, that this may be avoided, if Section be made from above downwards: For &s;o <HI>Ottho Heurni|us</HI> did of old teach us, who for this Section re|quired a Knife on one &s;ide &s;harp and cutting, on the other blunt, and he would have it &s;o thru&s;t in, that the blunt part &s;hould be towards the lower part of the upper Rib, that is, towards the afore&s;aid <HI>Si|nus,</HI>
<PB N="142" REF="77"> and the lower &s;harp part &s;hould be forced downwards to the top of the lower Rib. But practice and experience teach, that all this Do|ctrine is more theorical than practical, for in a li|ving Man the Ribs are not &s;o far di&s;tant one from an|other, that a Knife can conveniently be thru&s;t in a|thwart from the lower part of the upper Rib to the top of the nether. And therefore, that the &s;aid hurt of the Ve&s;&s;els may be avoided, I u&s;e to order the Chirurgeon to make his Section in the upper part of the Rib, lengthways of it, and not going up|wards toward the Rib next above it. Some &s;ay, that by this way the tran&s;ver&s;e Fibres of the interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles are too much cut, as if they remained un|hurt in the former Section. All the Fibres of the&s;e Mu&s;cles are oblique, and the inner lye cro&s;s the ou|ter, &s;o that whatever way Section be made, the hurting of the Fibres can no way be avoided; which al&s;o need not greatly be feared, &s;ince in this ca&s;e no great wound is inflicted, and experience &s;hews,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Diemer|broeck, <HI>A|natom. l.</HI> 9.</NOTE> it may be healed again with &s;mall trouble: for in this manner I have &s;everal times admini&s;tred this piece of Chirurgery with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. If the Ribs be &s;trong and broad, and not &s;mall, and the Patient elderly, then I would bore a hole in a Rib with a Gimlet, and this operation would be &s;afer than any other, for the Ve&s;&s;els that ari&s;e from the lower part would &s;uffer nothing, be|cau&s;e the hole &s;hould be in the middle of the Rib, and the matter might go out freely; and there would be no danger of a <HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> though the matter &s;hould run for a whole year; and then the Lungs and Che&s;t would &s;uffer le&s;s from the external Air. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de int. affect.</HI> intimates, that this o|peration is very &s;afe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphanius. Ferdinan|dus, <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 32.</NOTE> becau&s;e no flux of bloud can be feared.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The Readers mu&s;t take notice, that this operation is often performed according to art, and yet no egre&s;s of <HI>Pus</HI> perceived,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. van Horne <HI>Microtechn. p.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 18.</NOTE> becau&s;e it &s;ticks, not floting upon the diaphragm, but enclo&s;ed in a bag, made by the connexion of the Lungs with the &s;uc|cingent membrane. &para; One had been long ill of an <HI>Empyema,</HI> at length &s;agacious nature &s;eeking an out-let for the <HI>Pus,</HI> produced a Tumour on the &s;ide, which once perceived, the Phy&s;ician ordered the opening of it, nothing run, contrary to expectation; wherefore the Patient was left, to regain &s;trength, he &s;lept upon his &s;ore &s;ide (becau&s;e they cannot lye upon their &s;ound &s;ide, by rea&s;on of the abundance of <HI>Pus</HI> that lies upon the <HI>Media&s;tinum</HI>) but in his &s;leep all the <HI>Pus</HI> ran out: And when he was a&s;&s;er|ting that he was cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Bo|rell, <HI>o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 72. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> becau&s;e he could breath better, he died &s;uddenly. Here Chirurgeons may be admoni&s;hed, never to leave ab&s;ce&s;&s;es open, with|out a Tent; becau&s;e although nothing bur&s;t out of them in the operation; yet, becau&s;e they reach not the matter, the <HI>Pus,</HI> &s;eeking a pa&s;&s;age for it &s;elf, finds the next hole, and &s;o, for want of a Tent, runs all out, and &s;udden death follows. &para; If the wound be narrower than you would have had it, or the matter be thicker, then it mu&s;t either be &s;uffici|ently dilated, with a crooked inci&s;ion Knife, that has a Silver button at the end of it; or the matter mu&s;t be attenuated by injection of Honey and Wine with a Syringe, and drawn out. Yet in extreme danger of &s;uffocation I &s;hould prefer dilatation of the Wound, which is done quickly and &s;afely, far be|fore injection of Wine and Honey, which mu&s;t needs increa&s;e &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Tab.</HI> 35.</NOTE> the matter not be|ing dimini&s;hed before.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. When nothing would doe good, and I was thinking of opening the Brea&s;t, and when the thirti|eth day was over &s;ince the breaking of the Impo|&s;thume, I proceeded to &s;moaking of Tobacco, af|ter the u&s;ual manner, in a Pipe, and to take the decoction of it hot, with Sugar, upon which there followed a wonderfull excretion of <HI>Pus</HI> by cough, and in great quantity, and it was onely u&s;ed twice; Take of Leaves of Tobacco 1 ounce; boil them in 2 pound of &s;weet water, till half be con&s;umed; add in the end &s;ome Leaves of Mallow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinandus.</NOTE> Branc ur&s;in and Violets. Strain it, and give it often.</P>
<P N="20">XX. The <HI>Media&s;tinum</HI> in Man has not &s;o great a cavity as in Dogs and other Creatures. It happens &s;ometimes that purulent matter is gathered within its two membranes, after an Inflammation, which cannot be ca&s;t out by the Lungs. Therefore we are forced to pierce the <HI>Sternum</HI> with a Trepan, that &s;o when a hole is made, the <HI>Pus</HI> may be got out by the help of Tents, Sponges, and other In&s;truments.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette, <HI>Chirurg.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Here al&s;o we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that &s;ometimes an <HI>Empyema</HI> is contained in its proper coat, and &s;o it comes to pa&s;s, that it bewrays it &s;elf outwardly by its Swelling; and then it is called by the Latines, <HI>Vomica pulmonis,</HI> i. e. <HI>an Impo&s;thume of the Lungs.</HI> In which ca&s;e, do not expect, the coat &s;hould break of it &s;elf, for afterwards the <HI>Pus,</HI> running all about, is drawn with more difficulty out of the Brea&s;t; but the fir&s;t opportunity you have, open it, and chu&s;e no other place, than the mo&s;t prominent part of the Tu|mour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Although this that I propo&s;e be a hazar|dous Remedy, yet, if we would leave talking, it is a mo&s;t excellent one. The interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Thorax</HI> mu&s;t have a potential Cautery applied to them upon the diaphragm, between the fourth and fifth Rib, till an E&s;char large enough do ari&s;e, which will be in about three hours time; then it mu&s;t be opened with a wound wide enough, and this is therefore needfull, le&s;t if Inci&s;ion &s;hould be made without &s;uch a Cautery, the wound &s;hould clo&s;e &s;ooner than it ought: for it is nece&s;&s;ary the lips of the wound &s;hould be a good di&s;tance one from ano|ther (which in a round wound is mo&s;t certainly true) that the outlet for the <HI>Pus</HI> and filth may be the freer. But care mu&s;t be taken that the <HI>Pus</HI> run not all out at once, with re&s;pect to the Patient's &s;trength. I have &s;een &s;ome cured this way,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Bontius,</HI> Med. Indor. c. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> to a wonder.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have cured &s;everal who have been given over for dead, with this Juice; Take the redde&s;t Leaves of a fre&s;h Cabbage, chop them, put the Milk in a Pot, boil it clo&s;e covered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Heur|nius.</NOTE> This Liquour may be given morning and evening with Sugar.</P>
<P N="2">2. This Decoction has an admirable virtue in brea|king an Impo&s;thume in the Lungs; Take of Hy&s;&s;op|leaves 2 handfulls, Squill 1 ounce; boil them well: then take of the Decoction 5 ounces, Syrup of Hore|hound 1 ounce, Oxymel of Squills half an ounce. &para; Al&s;o Hor&s;e-dung mixt with Honey or Oxymel of Squills, and applied to the Brea&s;t, is very good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hier. Mer|curialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Two drachms of <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentine wa&s;ht in Bar|ley water, mixt with Liquori&s;h powder, is very good: But it mu&s;t be ripened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> di&s;cu&s;&s;ed and clean|&s;ed.</P>
<P N="4">4. When the Impo&s;thume is broken, that the mat|ter may be rai&s;ed by &s;pittle, and the Ulcer clean&s;ed, Honey and Water wherein Turpentine has been wa&s;hed, or an Emul&s;ion of Turpentine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> is very good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Epilep&s;ia,</HI> or, The Falling-&s;ickne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud may be let in the Paroxy&s;m? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A cruel one cured by plentifull Bleeding. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One &s;topt by the running of the Haemorrhoids. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by opening an Artery. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When I&s;&s;ues, Bli&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="143" REF="77">
<ITEM>Cured by the help of a Seton. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by trepanning the Skull. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Rubbing good in an Epilep&s;ie. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Shaking and rubbing mu&s;t not be too violent. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e repeated Purges. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit &s;ometimes does good. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be given in the Paroxy&s;m. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Vomiting cannot be cau&s;ed by rea&s;on of pre&s;ent Convul&s;ions, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what Diureticks are proper? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Fever coming upon it, not always to be extingui&s;hed. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sneezing proper in the Paroxy&s;m. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fumes mu&s;t be u&s;ed with Caution. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks be proper? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from the Womb, &s;weet-&s;melling things mu&s;t not be u&s;ed. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot Cephalicks are not proper for every one. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> be proper? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Guaiacum</HI> be the <HI>Lignum Heracleum Rulan|di? XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Foecula</HI> of Paeony ineffectual. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what &s;ort Cinnabar of Antimony is proper? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>&s;uccedaneum</HI> to Oil of Amber, which &s;hould be rejected, becau&s;e of its &s;tink. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One by con&s;ent with the Stomach exa&s;perated by Medicines, and ending upon leaving them off. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by voiding Worms downwards. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By the u&s;e of Spleneticks. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By drinking Vinegar and Water. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ab&s;tinence from Wine is of great moment for the prevention of it. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Apium</HI> be hurtfull. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Indications for its Cure and Prevention. <HI>XXXIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>PEtrus Salius Diver&s;us, l. de affectib. partic. c.</HI> 3. proves clearly that the Epilep&s;ie is cau&s;ed by Bloud, from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>acut. tom.</HI> 23. He jud|ges the cau&s;e to be an Irruption of the bloud into the upper parts, and a Repletion of the ve&s;&s;els of the brain made on a &s;udden, which being of a hea|vy nature, and it may be al&s;o of a mole&s;ting quali|ty, cau&s;es the Epilep&s;ie, while nature ri&s;es to the expul&s;ion and di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of it. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the &s;ame place calls that Oppre&s;&s;ion of Bloud, <GAP DESC="foreign">, in <HI>Epidemiis,</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">. <HI>Fo&euml;&s;ius,</HI> in his <HI>Oeconomia,</HI> tran&s;lates it, <HI>the &s;topping of the Bloud flowing with violence and &s;welling.</HI> By which words <HI>Hippocrates</HI> intimates, the interrupted Circulation of the bloud was known to him&s;elf; as is clear from his Book <GAP DESC="foreign">. <HI>Nouri&s;hment pa&s;&s;es to the Hair, and Nails, and to the outmo&s;t</HI> &s;uperficies <HI>of the Body, from things with|in; and from things without, nouri&s;hment pa&s;&s;es from the out|mo&s;t</HI> &s;uperficies <HI>to the inner parts.</HI> And &s;ince the in|nate heat goes in danger of being extingui&s;hed by this Repletion of the ve&s;&s;els, through the abun|dance that threatens Suffocation, no other Reme|dy to prevent &s;o great a danger &s;eems to be indica|ted, than plentifull Bloud-letting. <HI>Salius,</HI> in the &s;aid place, does therefore a&s;&s;ign the very &s;ame Cure to an Epilep&s;ie, when it is bred, as to an Apoplexy, which ari&s;es from the &s;ame cau&s;e, that is, plenti|full Bloud-letting in the inner Vein of the right Arm, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his opinion, in the forequoted place. &para; Yet, at this day, &s;aith <HI>Sen|nertus,</HI> &s;carce any one would advi&s;e or attempt any &s;uch thing in the very Paroxy&s;m, &s;eeing at that in|&s;tant neither Bloud can conveniently be let, nor, if it could, were it (in his Judgment) either &s;afe or beneficial; by rea&s;on of the violent conte&s;t be|tween Nature, which is then highly oppre&s;&s;ed, and the morbifick cau&s;e, as the hurt in re&s;piration and other actions, by rea&s;on the influx of animal &s;pi|rits is interrupted. The Phy&s;ician therefore might incur the cen&s;ure of ra&s;hne&s;s, and pay for it with di&s;grace, if the Patient &s;hould dye, upon letting bloud while he was in a Fit. &para; <HI>It is the part of an experienced Doctor</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Paul Barbette,</HI> in his <HI>Praxis) to di&s;tingui&s;h a-right about letting-bloud in a Fit. &para; I, and other Phy&s;icians with me have ob&s;erved, that, taking away a little bloud in the fit has &s;ometimes done good, namely, to get motion in the Bloud, which is as it were coagulated <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y an au&s;tere Acid: otherwi&s;e Bloud-letting, both in the Fit and out of it, does, in a manner, always &s;o much harm, that the fits grow more violent every day after Bleeding,</HI> &s;aith <HI>Deckers</HI> in his Notes upon the place.</P>
<P N="2">II. In the year 1675. a Noble Boy of <HI>Berne</HI> was upon a Fright taken with a cruel Epilep&s;ie, his face was red and &s;wollen, and when his Fit had held him already three hours, by my advice and Dr. <HI>Cramer</HI>'s, the Cephalick Vein in his left Arm, was opened, whence the Bloud &s;prang with &s;uch violence, that one might have taken it all away in the twentieth part of an hour. The Fit was then pre&s;ently over, and the next day he was well, with|out any Relap&s;e. A red hod Iron had been appli|ed to him a little before. &para; <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem. &s;ect.</HI> 5. bids us <HI>open the inner Veins, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be very violent.</HI> &para; A Girl about twelve years old was fre|quently taken with an Epilep&s;ie, and when &s;he was taken with a Pleuri&s;ie &s;he was &s;everal times let bloud, and from that time was never troubled with her Epilep&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 38.</NOTE> Hence you may gather the efficacy of Bleeding in this Di&s;ea&s;e. &para; A Boy eight years old was taken with an Epilep&s;ie from Plenitude, and when all other Remedies had been tried in vain, he was let bloud in the Arm &s;everal times once a month, and recovered, through the great altera|tion of his Body, by this Remedy: which never|thele&s;s &s;hould &s;carce be allowed, except in a Di&s;|ea&s;e by con&s;ent with the venous kind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 64.</NOTE> and excee|ding hot Bloud.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Ben. Sylvaticus</HI> cured a middle aged Nobleman of an Epilep&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ob&s;. <HI>65.</HI></NOTE> by opening the haemorrhoid Veins once a month.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A young Man about twenty five years old was troubled with the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s once a month, I opened one of his temporal Arteries, and when he had been free from it four months, and there was hopes he would be well, he brought it upon him|&s;elf again by drinking &s;trong Wine, which was his cu&s;tome. &para; A Man about forty three years old had frequent Fits, a Wind running up from his Hand to his Brow upon the &s;ame &s;ide: From whom I (gue&s;|&s;ing it came from &s;ome halituons cau&s;e) took three ounces of Bloud. But the bandage being loo&s;ed, much Bloud ran out, after which fortuitous evacua|tion, notwith&s;tanding he was well a long time af|ter, &s;o that he &s;eemed cured. &para; <HI>Alphon&s;us N.</HI> a ve|ry melancholick per&s;on, who from a child had been troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e 9, 10, 15, 20 or 30 days together, in nature of a certain light vapour, a&s;cen|ding gently from his Arm to the upper parts, was very much relieved by Bleeding in the temporal Arteries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>P. Merenda</HI> writes, that in a very violent one, that comes often in a &s;mall interval, and will not yield to Remedies; he has, by applying Bli&s;ters to their Neck and Shoulders, brought &s;everal to the former u&s;e of their Rea&s;on in a &s;hort time, and freed them of their Fits, who afterwards by orderly cure were re&s;tored to perfect health. But ob&s;erve, that they, as al&s;o I&s;&s;ues and Setons, &s;hould be u&s;ed onely when the Di&s;ea&s;e is e&s;&s;ential to the Brain; and after Purging,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacotius.</NOTE> except the Di&s;ea&s;e be very ur|gent.</P>
<P N="6">VI. By a Seton, according to the opinion of that mo&s;t Learned Phy&s;ician, <HI>Hollerius,</HI> I cured a young Man about twenty years old of the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, who had frequent Fits of it before; the ichorous matter, as it may ju&s;tly be believed, which fed the Di&s;ea&s;e, being by this means derived.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 24.</NOTE> &para; An Epi|lep&s;ie &s;ucceeded the Cure of a Ring-worm from a hot humour in a Gardiner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 62. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> which by <HI>Spigelius</HI> his advice was cured by putting Hellebore root into a Seton in his Arm. &para; Yet it is not always &s;afe to put Hellebore root in a wound; for while
<PB N="144" REF="78"> pain encrea&s;es by attraction of the humours, the &s;trength &s;ometimes wa&s;ts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Analect. p. <HI>621.</HI></NOTE> according to my own and others ob&s;ervation.</P>
<P N="7">VII. I re&s;olved to open another I&s;&s;ue in the left Arm, becau&s;e I under&s;tood, a Di&s;ea&s;e of &s;o long &s;tanding mu&s;t now be in the Brain, for it is certain the brain abounds with the&s;e juices, for which pur|ging by the Belly &s;eems not &s;ufficient. Which re|medy was of that power, that from thence forward he fell more rarely into fits, and they were milder, &s;o that tho&s;e who were by,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE> accounted him perfect|ly cured.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Adr. Spigelius</HI> tells of a Nobleman who had often &s;truggled with an Epilep&s;ie for twenty one years, and when <HI>Aquapendent</HI> had trepanned his Skull for a grievous fall, he had got down a pair of &s;tairs, he was never after troubled with a fit. Therefore <HI>Rondeletius</HI> does not without rea&s;on approve of this remedy for a confirmed Melancholy in the Brain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 66. <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> though <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> think it dangerous.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Era&s;tus</HI> di&s;approves of rubbings in the fit, be|cau&s;e the draw nothing from they place affected, and becau&s;e the numbne&s;s of the Limbs admits not of their virtue: But the rea&s;on they are made u&s;e of is, that the drowzy &s;en&s;es may be recalled to their office, which thing violent rubbing in the Shoul|ders, Arms, Back and Thighs, with a cour&s;e cloth, doth perform effectually. Moreover this advantage accrews, that the parts are thereby heated, and the humours and Spirits drawn thither, whereby there is a retraction made of the vapours, that are cree|ping upwards, to the lower parts, becau&s;e of the rubbing, upon which re&s;titution of the &s;en&s;es fol|lows.</P>
<P N="10">X. Whereas &s;ome &s;et up the Sick, keep their Arms and Thighs wholly from the Convul&s;ive moti|on, or &s;train them into this or that po&s;ture: Farther, whereas they blow &s;neezing up their No&s;es, and pour &s;trong Cordials into their mouths, or u&s;e cup|ping and &s;carifying, and by other modes of ad|mini&s;tration treat the caducous but roughly, and di&s;turb the manner of the Paroxy&s;m; this cour&s;e, I &s;ay, is often followed ami&s;s, becau&s;e by this means Nature has a double trouble, one from the di&s;ea&s;e, and another no whit le&s;s from the by-&s;tanders and attendants; when it had been far better, that, the fit being &s;uffered to take its own cour&s;e, the Pati|ent had been onely one way afflicted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t take notice that the u&s;ual Purges mu&s;t be made u&s;e of frequently, that is, once or twice in a week, and the cour&s;e mu&s;t be continued for &s;everal months; yea, &s;ometimes we mu&s;t go to the &s;tronger Purgatives, according to <HI>Ma&s;&s;arias</HI> his rule, who &s;ays, that the Epilep&s;ie is &s;eldom cured, becau&s;e Phy&s;icians are always upon gentle means. For this rea&s;on Chymi&s;ts are wont to give the u&s;ual Purgers, which draw the humours from the mo&s;t remote parts. If a happy event may be expected from &s;uch Medicines, it depends e&s;pecially upon <HI>Mercury,</HI> calcined either with Gold, or by it &s;elf in a &s;and Fornace, with a long regiment of fire, taking e&s;pecial care, that no part of it remain crude and volatile, which would give a great violence to the Medicine, which would otherwi&s;e purge gently enough it four or five grains of it be given with <HI>Pil. Coch.</HI> or rather with &s;ome phlegmagogick Ex|tract.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Septalius</HI> &s;ays, he never &s;aw any relieved by a Vomit, but that he ob&s;erved, they were all made heavy headed. Rea&s;on tells one as much, becau&s;e a Vomit di&s;turbs the head more, which is ill alrea|dy. And this is very true, where the Brain is pri|marily affected, or when the matter lies in &s;ome part in the habit of the Body, becau&s;e this reme|dy gets nothing thence. And Experience confirms it, which has ever had ill &s;ucce&s;s upon giving Pur|ges, whether upwards or downwards. But if the Epilep&s;ie hath had its fir&s;t ri&s;e in the Stomach, and the adjoining places, and the humour, that is the cau&s;e, can ea&s;ily be derived thither: If the Pati|ent can bear a Vomit, the wor&s;t that can follow will be &s;ome &s;mall di&s;turbance of the head, which will quickly be at an end.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. The &s;ucce&s;s of Vomits in an epileptick Pa|roxy&s;m is dubious; <HI>Septalius l.</HI> 6. <HI>n.</HI> 5. utterly di&s;|approves it. Nor is it good, though it by con&s;ent with the Stomach, for it is one thing to cure an Epi|lep&s;ie before the fit; another thing in the very fit; in this we deny it, for the rea&s;ons alledged by <HI>Septa|lius,</HI> in the other we have no rea&s;on to &s;cruple it. Whether in di&s;ea&s;es above the Throat a Vomit be of any u&s;e, although the humours &s;eem to be carried to the head? <HI>Santorellus, l.</HI> 22. <HI>Antepr. c.</HI> 4. an&s;wers af|firmatively. <HI>Fridericus Ho&s;mannus m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 5. It is another ca&s;e, when Poi&s;on, for example, Hemlock, taken into the Stomach, produces an Epilep&s;ie: For Vomits, according to <HI>Septalius</HI> his opinion, would not be &s;afe: The&s;e are his words: <HI>Have a care you do not give a Vomit in a fit of an Epilep&s;ie, I have &s;een &s;ome that have tried this in a fit, induced thereto by the Authority of &s;ome Writers, who have killed their Patients outright: For the Head being more filled by the violent motion, and the matter re&s;iding in the Brain being &s;tirred, they bring them to a per|fect ob&s;truction, whereupon an Apoplexy u&s;ually follows.</HI> The mo&s;t excellent <HI>Frider. Ho&s;mannus</HI> al&s;o, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 9. di&s;ap|proves of Vomits, though the Epilep&s;ie be cau&s;ed by con&s;ent of the Stomach, and although he &s;eems to grant them out of the fit; yet in their opinion they can &s;carcely be given, when either the Paroxy&s;ms are continual, or invade at very &s;hort intervals. But the&s;e things are not of &s;uch moment, as to forbid Vomits; for <HI>Septalius</HI> &s;eems to re&s;pect any periodical Epilep&s;ie, even that who&s;e cau&s;e lies hid within the Brain: and then it &s;eems to be grounded on an opi|nion, that is fal&s;e and now exploded by mo&s;t, <HI>i. e.</HI> that the Epilep&s;ie ari&s;es from the ob&s;truction of the ven|tricles of the Brain, and in the &s;tirring of the hu|mours by &s;ome violent agitation cau&s;ed by Vomits, even in the head, the ventricles of the Brain may ea&s;ily be wholly ob&s;tructed, and an Apoplexy cau&s;ed. Be&s;ides, when Vomits are given to get Hemlock out of the Stomach, they are not oppo&s;ed to an invete|rate Epilep&s;ie, or one that is otherwi&s;e deep rooted, and has tired out the Patients with many fits, but to a new one. Finally, they ca&s;t out the proximate and primary cau&s;e from the Stomach, which being removed, the Epileptick fits forthwith, or within a little time, abate, and &s;hortly altogether cea&s;e. And rea&s;on does not onely per&s;uade the nece&s;&s;ity and benefit of Vomits in this ca&s;e, but experience al&s;o proves the &s;ame: for a Vomit immediately cu|red &s;ix little Girls, who at one and the &s;ame time had eaten Hemlock, and thereupon had been taken with mo&s;t violent and tedious Epileptick fits; while two Boys that had eaten it at the &s;ame time, who could not be made to vomit, though they were provoked to it, died of the violence and tediou&s;|ne&s;s of their Epileptick fits, who undoubtedly might have been delivered from death, if the excretion of the Hemlock roots, which Nature endeavoured, had been timely facilitated with Vomits by &s;ome skilfull Phy&s;ician. <HI>Santorellus Antipr. l.</HI> 21. <HI>c.</HI> 10. fa|vours this opinion, and advi&s;es to vomit, upon ta|king poi&s;on at the mouth, and &s;ays, the u&s;e of them is both &s;afe and proper, becau&s;e they immediately ca&s;t out the Poi&s;on. Sea&s;onable Vomits did two Girls and two Boys good, who had &s;wallowed Ar&s;e|nick. Al&s;o from <HI>Faber Lyncaeus, Hi&s;t.</HI> 12. to a young man who had &s;wallowed <HI>Mercury</HI> &s;ublimate. And there is not a Practitioner, who, making little reckoning of the Convul&s;ions, commends not Vomits, and if the ca&s;e will allow it, who gives them not upon ta|king Poi&s;on. And u&s;e has taught, that the &s;ooner they are given, the more &s;peedy and firm health is re&s;tored, but if they ha&s;tened to Alexipharmacks, death was ha&s;tened,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepferus,</HI> de cicut<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|quat. p. <HI>319.</HI></NOTE> or the Di&s;ea&s;e with its Symp|tomes prolonged, as it happened to one in <HI>Timaeus, l.</HI> 7. <HI>ca&s;u</HI> 4.</P>
<P N="14"><PB N="145" REF="78">XIV. If by rea&s;on of an Epilep&s;ie cau&s;ed by Hem|lock (or Poi&s;on) continuing a long time, or having many fits in &s;hort intervals, we cannot endeavour the evacuation or expul&s;ion of it out of the Sto|mach, the Pre&s;ident of the nervous &s;y&s;teme mu&s;t be averted from tho&s;e tumults, and as he wanders mu&s;t be reduced into the way, by &s;uch things as are u|&s;ually given in fits of the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, and of the Mother, &s;uch as are things that awaken the drowzy Sen&s;es. Let things be held to the No&s;e that breathe &s;ome acrimony, made of Savory, Penny-royal, Rue, Marjoram, Flowers of Lavender, Rue, Seeds of Angelico, Rue, Lovage, Mu&s;tard, Berries of Lau|rel, Juniper, Pepper, Cloves, <HI>A&s;&s;a foetida,</HI> Ca&s;tor, and the like, tied in a knot, and &s;teeped in Vinegar or Wine, Bal&s;am, and Oil of Amber, of Rue. The urinous Spirit of <HI>Sal</HI> Ammoniack is excellent for this awakening, which, they &s;ay, the mo&s;t excellent Dr. <HI>Sylvius</HI> always carried about him, that it might be at hand in &s;udden ca&s;es of this Nature. Indeed I hold &s;uch topicks near to the No&s;e, but by no means anoint the No&s;trils with them, or put them deep in, becau&s;e when they are anointed or thru&s;t in, I have known them very trouble&s;ome a long time after, let Matches of Sulphur be held to the No&s;e, let the contracted fingers be opened by a &s;trong man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>324.</HI></NOTE> let &s;harp Suppo&s;itories and Cly&s;ters be given, let the teeth be opened, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. In an Epilep&s;ie, (and the <HI>Vertigo</HI>) e&s;pecially if matter be &s;upplied from the whole, when this is fir&s;t dimini&s;hed. Diureticks do conveniently carry off the reliques of the humours by way of Urine, chiefly if it be &s;ympathick, and not inveterate, which at once open ob&s;tructions, di&s;&s;olve the mat|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Frid. H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i|mannus,</HI> m. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> and carry it off, &s;uch as <HI>Hartman</HI>'s Antepileptick Spirit, volatile Spirit of Vitriol, which is contrary to it by a peculiar faculty.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. A Maid was often taken with Epileptick Convul&s;ions. One who thought there was fraud in the ca&s;e, and that &s;he counterfeited the Di&s;ea&s;e, that he might detect the cheat, put live Coals into her hand: She perceiving nothing, endures all the burning of the coals. Hereupon &s;o great a wound was made by the fire in the Palm of her hand, that a Chirurgeon could &s;carce heal it in &s;ome months time. In the mean time a Fever invaded her, which as &s;oon as it was kindled, all her convul&s;ive motion cea&s;ed afterwards. For <HI>Hippocrates in Coacis, &amp;</HI> 2. <HI>A|phor.</HI> 26. judged aright, that it was better for a Fe|ver to come upon a Convul&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholimus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 68.</NOTE> becau&s;e it attenu|ates and di&s;cu&s;&s;es cold and tough humours &s;tuffed in the Nerves, as <HI>Galen</HI> comments upon it.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Sternutatories may both cau&s;e and keep off an Epilep&s;ie. The fir&s;t is evident from in&s;tances of tho&s;e, that by the continued u&s;e of &s;neezing pow|ders (in dimne&s;s of &s;ight, thickne&s;s of hearing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) have brought Epileptick motions upon them&s;elves: The other is evident from their efficacy, becau&s;e they relieve the head, and di&s;cu&s;s what is trouble|&s;ome in it. In this place, and upon this occa&s;ion, I will relate what I have very often ob&s;erved in Epi|leptick per&s;ons, namely, that &s;neezing &s;ometimes precedes, &s;ometimes follows an Epilep&s;ie: For I have &s;een in &s;ome people, before the fit took them, &s;everal &s;neezings, and tho&s;e frequent enough, twen|ty, thirty, or forty often precede, and that for a day or two, every hour, &s;o that they have been forced to &s;top the &s;neezing by applying warm milk, and afterward this ingrate and hated Di&s;ea&s;e has fol|lowed, in as much namely as it darts its acrimony inwardly upon the <HI>meninges,</HI> and then &s;hakes the Co|ver of the Brain, by con&s;ent al&s;o it pa&s;&s;es to the out parts, and the very Nerves of the No&s;trils, and is as it were &s;haken off by Nature, that it may free it &s;elf of this unhappy Di&s;ea&s;e. In others I have &s;een the Paroxy&s;m end with this very explo&s;ion and ex|cretion, attempted at lea&s;t, in as much as the re&s;t, which nature can &s;ubdue, and ca&s;t outwards, is di&s;|mi&s;&s;ed and exploded another way, without any great Vellication. Since therefore if two things doe the &s;ame, it is not the &s;ame thing; truly it behoves the Phy&s;ician to help Nature, yet &s;o as not to hurt her, and therefore he &s;hould be very carefull h w he u&s;es them. 1. They mu&s;t be mild, for Nature abhors &s;trong ones, and if &s;he be forced violently upon what &s;he would doe of her &s;elf, &s;he does it forced, and as it were again&s;t her will. 2. They mu&s;t be Cephalicks, which may al&s;o &s;trengthen the head by their &s;weet &s;mell: Or things good for the Nerves, as powder of the Flowers of Lily Conv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l, Ca&s;tor, Amber. 3. If the Patient abound with hu|mours, and be not &s;o very &s;en&s;ible, in which ca&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e may very ea&s;ily be brought upon one by any irritating thing. 4. If the fit be very &s;trong, and there be a want of &s;en&s;e, or a detention of the principal faculties, more than the Convul&s;ive moti|on. 5.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius;</HI> de S.M. Fac. p. <HI>210.</HI></NOTE> And therefore they mu&s;t be given to rai&s;e one out of the fit, or in the declen&s;ion of it. Hence it is that <HI>Aurelianus</HI> denies Sternutatories to be good for Epileptick per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I do not permit the u&s;e of &s;tinking &s;mells but upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity; for it is better, that the fit &s;hould be lengthened out, and &s;pent by de|grees, than to fill and make heavy the head with &s;tinking &s;mells, and defile the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain and Spirits: Therefore do not u&s;e them, unle&s;s the fit have held &s;ome hours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">C. Pi&s;o,</NOTE> and other more gen|tle means have been fir&s;t tried in vain. &para; The main controver&s;ie is about the Agate Stone: for <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> &s;ays, the Fume of it brings the Fal|ling Sickne&s;s: <HI>Trallianus, Aetius, Pliny, Caelius,</HI> and others, affirm the &s;ame. <HI>Avicen</HI> and <HI>Me&s;ae</HI> are of the contrary judgment, that it is good for an epileptick per&s;on to be fumed with Agate, and that the Oil of it is good for the &s;ame. &para; <HI>C. Pi&s;o</HI> commends it highly; <HI>The &s;mell of it,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>is a mo&s;t pre&s;ent remedy, as I have experienced in &s;everal, and in that famous French</HI> Virago, Maturina, <HI>who being given over for dead by her Phy&s;icians, upon her fir&s;t &s;melling of this Stone was rai&s;ed from her Bed, and beyond all expectation ran immediately with great chearfulne&s;s to the Table and Dice.</HI> The controver&s;ie is decided by di&s;tingui&s;hing Epilep&s;ies, for this fume is good in that, which vapours a&s;cending from the womb do cau&s;e, for the virtue of &s;trong &s;mells is &s;uch, that they di&s;cu&s;s hy&s;terick Fits, if they be held to the no&s;e: But &s;tinking &s;mells bring an Epilep&s;ie, that comes of any other cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Stupefiers of the Nerves, becau&s;e by dul|ling their &s;en&s;e, they render them le&s;s affected with trouble, when they are irritated, and there|fore le&s;s convul&s;ed, if the gentler &s;ort of them be given in grievous and dangerous Convul&s;ions, I have often found them doe much good: In which re&s;pect I think Treacle, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be proper, both becau&s;e it infringes the venomous power of the Epilep&s;ie, and becau&s;e it dulls the exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e of the nerves,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Platerus,</HI> de funct. l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. p. <HI>77.</HI></NOTE> and that it is given rather for that rea&s;on, than be|cau&s;e it &s;trengthens the nervous kind.</P>
<P N="20">XX. If it have its ri&s;e from the Womb, we mu&s;t take notice, not to give &s;weet &s;melling Medicines, for they both make the head heavy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and cau&s;e the fit.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Things that add &s;trength to the nervous kind, are appropriate remedies, which are made of capital and arthritick &s;imples, which &s;ince they &s;up|ply the nervous kind with new &s;trength as it were, that it may be the better able to re&s;i&s;t, what is trouble&s;ome to it, u&s;e not improperly to be added to other Medicines, which we u&s;e in the Epilep&s;ie. However not with the &s;ame mind or intention; but becau&s;e they believed, the Epilep&s;ie was cau|&s;ed by Phlegm &s;topping up the Brain, not onely the&s;e things appropriate to the Nerves, are hot; but in the cure of the Epilep&s;ie they u&s;ed for the mo&s;t part things that mig<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t cut and attenuate thick Phlegm, and the hotte&s;t remedies. Which notwith|&s;tanding, if the Epilep&s;ie come from the irritation of the nervous kind, becau&s;e they heat the Body
<PB N="146" REF="79"> more, I ob&s;erve they cure not at all; &s;o I know by experience, they rather irritate, and promote, and exa&s;perate the fits: And becau&s;e I either found, or had it from credible per&s;ons, that they doe more good than hurt with their heat, except in a cold and moi&s;t con&s;titution of body, or when they have moreover &s;ome other property, whereby they re|&s;i&s;t poi&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> or this di&s;ea&s;e; I think they &s;hould not otherwi&s;e lightly be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. We affirm with <HI>Jacchinus</HI> and others, that a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> is proper for tho&s;e that are &s;ubject to the Epilep&s;ie, becau&s;e we mu&s;t e&s;pecially have re&s;pect to the antecedent cau&s;e, whereby the proximate is fomented and &s;u&s;tained. And it often con&s;i&s;ts in gro&s;s impurities gathered in the whole Body, or Brain, Womb, Stomach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which do indicate Inci&s;ion, Attenuation, Solution, Purging by Urine, Stool, Sweat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and therefore the con&s;umption of them&s;elves. For the&s;e, as they are the &s;ubjects and antecedent cau&s;es, being removed, the noxious faculty exi&s;ting in them is al&s;o remo|ved, that is, the malignant Vapour, which being exalted, or rai&s;ed by evaporation, does otherwi&s;e produce an Epilep&s;ie. And a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> is of great &s;ervice in re&s;pect of the pre&s;ent indica|tion, as by inciding and attenuating it di&s;&s;olves this antecedent cau&s;e, by clean&s;ing it evacuates, and by provoking &s;weat it renders the ma&s;s of bloud defoe|cate, not without &s;trengthening of the Bowels, through its amicable, a&s;trictive faculty connate to it. Nor is the decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> onely u&s;efull in rooting out the Cau&s;e, but its acid Spirit and Oil al&s;o is very good to allay and conquer a fit. We mu&s;t take notice concerning Hydroticks, that they are proper, generals premi&s;ed. 2. That the decocti|on it &s;elf of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> according to the different na|ture of the Subject, mu&s;t be prepared with things appropriate to the morbifick cau&s;e; taking care e&s;|pecially,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;tius, <HI>dec.</HI> 2. <HI>prob.</HI> 9.</NOTE> that in boiling it the Spirits do not ex|hale.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. There are &s;ome that take <HI>Guaiacum</HI> for <HI>Lignum Heracleum Rulandi,</HI> induced thereto both by the &s;imilitude of the name, and becau&s;e he often u&s;es a decoction of this wood in the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;es, in curing of which he glories, that the Oil has done good. <HI>Quercetan</HI> on the contrary thinks it is drawn by di&s;tillation off Box wood: Others think rather from the Pine: Others from the Larch-tree, for this rea&s;on e&s;pecially, becau&s;e <HI>Oleum ERACLI&V;M</HI> makes by tran&s;po&s;ition of the very &s;ame Letters <HI>LARICE|&V;M.</HI> We, &s;aith <HI>Clo&s;&s;aeus,</HI> although we are not ignorant that the <HI>Oleum Heracleum Rulandi</HI> is made of Hazle wood <HI>per de&s;cen&s;um,</HI> and that his Antepileptick Con&s;erve is made of it, not onely becau&s;e Hazle nuts were cal|led by the Ancients <HI>Heracleoticae,</HI> but e&s;pecially be|cau&s;e <HI>Valentinus Rulandus</HI> writing to <HI>Fabricius Hildanus, Ob&s;.</HI> 84. <HI>cent.</HI> 3. plainly calls the Spirit and Oil of Hazle Wood <HI>per de&s;cen&s;um, Heraclinum:</HI> Although, &s;aith he, the thing be &s;o, yet I con&s;tantly affirm, that Oil of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> may very fitly be u&s;ed in its &s;tead. For the acid Liquor of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> hath the &s;ame virtues and faculties, and &s;hews the very &s;ame ef|fects, which he attributes to his <HI>Oleum Corylinum.</HI> Moreover, as experience te&s;tifies, the &s;pecifick pro|perties of Liquors peri&s;h in de&s;cen&s;ory di&s;tillation; which being con&s;umed by the fire, a more fixt vi|triolick Spirit is elevated, together with a &s;tinking Oil and Gum, or Re&s;ine, which as they are in great plenty in all Wood, &s;o in their power of acting and virtue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">id.</NOTE> they differ not much one from ano|ther.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Let Candidates in Phy&s;ick ob&s;erve this, that the &s;eed of Poeony is more gratefull than the root, wherefore the &s;eed may be put in Childrens victuals; on the contrary, the root is more conve|nient for Cly&s;ters. It is better to u&s;e the powder of the root than the <HI>faecula;</HI> for in preparing the <HI>fae|culae</HI> of &s;imples, their virtue is wa&s;hed away with the <HI>men&s;truum</HI> that is put to them, yea, ju&s;t like Ma|gi&s;teries, they are made like an u&s;ele&s;s <HI>Calx,</HI> or the <HI>men&s;truum</HI> gives them &s;ome a&s;cititious qualities.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Candidates in Phy&s;ick mu&s;t al&s;o be told, that if, by God's Ble&s;&s;ing, they would cure an Epi|lep&s;ie according to their de&s;ire, they mu&s;t account among Vegetables the Male Poeony, rare to be found; among Animals, Ca&s;tor or Swallows; among Minerals, Vitriol, to be recommended to them as Specificks. Some indeed will highly commend the u&s;e of Cinnabar of Antimony; but it &s;hould onely be, where the Epilep&s;ie is cau&s;ed by Worms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauii, <HI>Qu. Bot. cl.</HI> 2.</NOTE> other|wi&s;e in my opinion it is no convenient Medicine for Epileptick per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. While it was my cu&s;tom to u&s;e Oil of Am|ber, in people troubled with Epilep&s;ies, Convul&s;i|ons, Impo&s;thumes in the Lungs, for tho&s;e that were made purulent by a Catarrh falling on the Lungs, when I ob&s;erved it was odious not onely to the Pa|tients, but to the by-&s;tanders al&s;o; and that it was di&s;ta&s;tefull to mo&s;t, by rea&s;on of its too much foetid|ne&s;s, whether they u&s;ed it by anointing outwardly, or in Lozenges or Pills inwardly, or any way el&s;e; I have now for &s;ome years u&s;ed Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> in its &s;tead, to the advantage of my Patients. I know, Chymi&s;ts do now correct it, and take away the of|fen&s;ivene&s;s of the &s;mell by repeated di&s;tillation after wa&s;hing it: But I have found that after wa&s;hing it is much weakned, and does but little good, where|fore I think we &s;hould rather u&s;e Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or the natural Bal&s;am brought from <HI>Syria,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 17.</NOTE> till we are taught how to di&s;till an Oil of Amber without &s;tink.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A Boy fell into an Epileptick fit once a day for fifteen days together. The be&s;t Phy&s;icians thought it came from &s;ome di&s;order in his Head: But the more Medicines they gave, the wor&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e grew; &s;o that in twenty four hours he had above one hundred and fifty fits; yet they were &s;mall ones, for he had onely a little commotion of his Head, with a buble at his Lips. Whereby not|with&s;tanding they knew the Di&s;ea&s;e was not from any di&s;order in the head, but by con&s;ent with the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trincavella, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 25.</NOTE> Wherefore when they left off to trou|ble him with Phy&s;ick, and &s;trengthened him, the Child grew very well.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. I ob&s;erved wonderfull &s;hapes of Worms in an Epileptick Woman: as &s;he was athir&s;t &s;he drank greedily and frequently in her journey, com|ing from <HI>Italy,</HI> of any Water &s;he met withall. Her Epilep&s;ie was very grievous, with a &s;welling and an ill colour all her body over. She was not relieved by Antepilepticks. At length, upon the repeated u&s;e of my Mercurial Pills, &s;he voided a great quantity of multiform Worms. As &s;oon as they were di&s;placed, her Epileptick-fits likewi&s;e cea&s;ed. <HI>Bartholinus, hi&s;t.</HI> 7. <HI>cent.</HI> 4. He al&s;o, <HI>Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 20. produces the example of a young Man often troubled with Convul&s;ions, who&s;e cure &s;ucceed|ed much better, after his voiding of <HI>A&s;carides.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. A Youth about fifteen years old had a pain in his <HI>Pubes,</HI> afterwards, as his pain &s;hifted to the left-&s;ide, his Spleen grew pre&s;ently ill, and from Sympathy with it, the Brain; for he fell in|to mo&s;t violent Fits of the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, which came upon him onely by pre&s;&s;ing the region of the Spleen with ones finger. Among &s;everal Reme|dies nothing was better than Chalybeate-wine, or black Hellebore,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob|&s;erv. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> upon taking of which he void|ed &s;o much black Choler, that at la&s;t he came to him&s;elf.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. An Epileptick Maid was cured by the u&s;e of Vinegar and Water, &s;he took a gla&s;s of it eve|ry day in the morning, and before the time of her Fit pure Vinegar. When this di&s;ea&s;e was cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 1.</NOTE> &s;he was troubled with a pain in her Limbs, which al&s;o was cured by the u&s;e of the Bath.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. I have known &s;ome young Men, who might ea&s;ily have been cured of this di&s;ea&s;e: but becau&s;e they would not ab&s;tain from Wine, they became incurable. All Men know, that the Epi|lep&s;ie
<PB N="147" REF="79"> affects the Nerves e&s;pecially. And becau&s;e Wine turns &s;owre in all, who have an infirm Sto|mach and a weak Brain, and Vinegar is an open ene|my to the Nerves; hence Epileptick per&s;ons may ea&s;ily gather how much they ought to avoid Wine and <HI>Venus.</HI> Be&s;ides, according to <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> and <HI>Aver|roes,</HI> the Epilep&s;ie is cau&s;ed like &s;leep, that is, by a vapour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 24.</NOTE> wherefore all vaporous things, e&s;pecially &s;trong Wines &s;hould be avoided.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. It is di&s;puted by many, Whether <HI>Api|um</HI> be hurtfull for Epileptick per&s;ons? That by <HI>Api|um,</HI> Par&s;ly mu&s;t be under&s;tood, no Man will que&s;tion who reads a pa&s;&s;age in <HI>Pliny, l.</HI> 20. <HI>c.</HI> 11. and <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>de alim. facult.</HI> for this is the true garden or do|me&s;tick <HI>Apium</HI> of the Ancients; and ours is the <HI>Pa|ludapium,</HI> or <HI>Apium Palu&s;tre. Pliny,</HI> in the cited place, &s;ays, That if a Lying-in-woman eat Par&s;ly, the Child that &s;ucks her will have the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s. <HI>Avi|cenna</HI> rejects Par&s;ly, e&s;pecially from among Meats, becau&s;e, by an innate property, it cau&s;es the Fal|ling-&s;ickne&s;s. And others, following their &s;teps, forbid it. <HI>Jacchinus</HI> is of another judgment, oppo|&s;ing <HI>Galen,</HI> and in a Coun&s;el for an Epileptick Child, allows of Par&s;ly. But an opinion that is held by &s;o many learned Men, mu&s;t not be e&s;teemed a fig|ment, it being, without doubt, founded on Expe|rience, which mu&s;t be con&s;ulted. They, to whom it did no hurt, were either not inclined to an Epi|lep&s;ie, or they u&s;ed it onely as a Sauce, and not as Meat: So <HI>Galen,</HI> in his advice, allows one to ta&s;te it at lea&s;t; as he does Alexanders al&s;o, by which not|with&s;tanding the head is filled, as he writes. But, the Ancients that are quoted, &s;peak of it taken as Meat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e we are for|ced to leave the common method: For the pre&s;crip|tions of the Dogmati&s;ts, in which they u&s;ually en|deavour to carry off, and totally eradicate the mor|bifick cau&s;e onely by Purges, doe little or no good in the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, yea, they u&s;e often to doe harm. I have known &s;ome eminent Practitioners, who totally omitting the train of therapeutick in|tentions, have betaken them&s;elves to certain Empi|rical Medicines, without any provi&s;ion for the whole.</P>
<P>This &s;ort of Practice, though &s;ometimes it &s;uc|ceeded well; yet it would much more certainly have attained the propo&s;ed cure, if by other Me|dicines al&s;o, when the body had been rightly pre|pared, all impediments had been removed. Where|fore the Indications about the cure of the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, will be either Curatory, which re&s;pect the fit, or Prophylactick, which re&s;pect the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e. As to the fir&s;t, general Evacuaters are &s;carce of u&s;e: But the thing of mo&s;t importance, is, to fix the animal Spirits, that are too fierce and vo|latile, and to &s;uppre&s;s their explo&s;ions already be|gun. To which ends, two &s;orts of Remedies e&s;pe|cially conduce, that is, 1. Things that give a check to the animal &s;pirits, when they are apt to be unru|ly and di&s;orderly, and that repell them as it were with a &s;mell ingratefull to them, and bring them into order, which thing, Medicines endued with a Volatile and Ammoniack Salt, or with a Vitriolick Sulphur, effect; Such as are Salt and Oil of Am|ber, Spirit of Bloud, Hart&s;horn, Soot, Tincture of Ca&s;tor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for the&s;e taken inwards, or applied to the no&s;trils, often give relief, and are thought to drive away the evil Spirits of this di&s;ea&s;e, ju&s;t as the fume of a Fi&s;hes-gall burnt drave away the Devil in <HI>Tobias.</HI> 2. The Animal Spirits are either divert|ed or hindred from making their explo&s;ions, when they are enticed and kept employed in &s;ome work familiar to them. Wherefore, when a fit is violent, rubbing all the body over, and continued, often does good. But the mo&s;t of a Phy&s;ician's care lies in pre&s;ervation, that the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e being re|moved, or the root cut away, all the fruits may wi|ther. The Medicines requi&s;ite to this intention may be reduced to the&s;e two heads chiefly. 1. That the fewel of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;upplied immediately, from bad bloud, or the nervous juice, and more medi|ately, from the bowels and fir&s;t ways; Then 2. That the evil di&s;po&s;ition of the brain, and of its in|habitants, the Spirits, which is peculiar to the Epi|lep&s;ie, may be removed. As to the fir&s;t thing in|dicated, in this ca&s;e, Vomits, Purges, Alteratives, Bleeding, I&s;&s;ues, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are proper, in as much as the impurities are withdrawn from the bowels and hu|mours, and their dy&s;cra&s;ies amended; And although they cure not the Epilep&s;ie, yet they remove im|pediments, they rai&s;e nature, and excite her to en|counter the enemy; al&s;o they prepare the ways, &s;o that Specificks may more certainly exert their Vir|tues. As for Specifick Medicines, onely which in|deed, though not always, are reckoned to reach the cau&s;e of the Epilep&s;ie, it is wonderfull by what power of acting they u&s;e to doe good in this di|&s;ea&s;e, &s;eeing they are taken without any &s;en&s;ible eva|cuation, or even perturbation in the bowels or hu|mours, following thereupon. If we may gue&s;s, &s;ince we hold that the procatarctick cau&s;e of the Epilep&s;ie con&s;i&s;ts in a heterogeneous conjunction, ari&s;ing in the Spirits, tho&s;e inhabitants of the brain, and inciting them to preternatural explo&s;ions; it will follow, that what things re&s;i&s;t or remove &s;uch a cau&s;e, mu&s;t be of &s;uch a nature, as that by &s;trength|ening the Brain, and contracting its pores, they ex|clude that conjunction, and &s;o fix the Spirits, which are up and down the middle of the brain, by di&s;&s;olv|ing their conjunction, that they will not any more be apt and inclined to tho&s;e irregular explo&s;ions: Not unlike, it may be, to <HI>Aurum fulminans,</HI> which, if it be ground with Sulphur, or be &s;prinkled with Spirit of Vitriol, it lo&s;es its fulminant virtue. And indeed we may di&s;cover &s;uch properties, either one or both in mo&s;t Antepilepticks: for Poeony, Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, Rue, Lily Conval, with many others, have a manife&s;t a&s;triction in them, &s;o that it is very likely, their particles taken inwards, and &s;o carried in the vehicle of the bloud, or nervous juice, to the Brain, do &s;o contract, and &s;hut up its pores, which are too lax and open, that for the future they do not at all lie open for any pa&s;&s;age of the morbifick matter. Moreover, becau&s;e the&s;e concretes do breathe out, as it were, an Armoniack, or di&s;&s;ipative &s;cent, there|fore they are &s;aid to depurate the animal Spirits, and to fix and &s;trengthen them, when they are de|prived of their heterogeneous conjunction. This virtue, depurative of the Spirits, proceeding from the Sal Ammoniack, is apparent in remedies, which are fetcht from the animal and mineral families, &s;uch as are preparations of Man's Skull, Bloud, Amber and Coral; as the other a&s;tringent virtue is more powerfull in the parts and preparations of Vege|tables.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. If you cut the great Toe of the &s;ick party any where, and anoint the lips of him that is in the fit, with the bloud that drops from it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> he will be rai&s;ed immediately, according to <HI>Didymus.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. Salt of Corals pre&s;erves Children egregiou&s;ly from Gripes and fits. &para; Pills of Salt of Vitriol are highly commended in the Falling &s;ickne&s;s. &para; This is famous for the Epilep&s;ie: Take of Cinnabar of Antimony 4 ounces, pour on it Spirit of Vitriol, fir&s;t let it &s;tand in dige&s;tion 14 days, till it become like Gold; di&s;till it in a &s;trong fire by a Retort, and an elegant Spirit will come out, which keep. Then take Roots of Angelico, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Poeony, each 1 ounce, Flowers of Ro&s;emary, Ca&s;&s;idony, La|vender, Lily Conval, each 1 ounce, leaves of Mar|joram, <HI>Scordium,</HI> each 1 handfull, Shavings of Elk's Horn, Man's Skull, Ca&s;tor, each 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Diamo&s;chu dulcis</HI> half an ounce; mix them, pour
<PB N="148" REF="80"> to them the be&s;t Spirit of Wine, till it &s;tand 4 inches above, let them be dige&s;ted in a clo&s;e ve&s;&s;el <HI>in Bal|neo vaporo&s;o,</HI> till the Spirit of Wine grow as red as bloud, pour it off by inclination, draw it off <HI>per Balneum,</HI> till it grow as thick as honey, if there be 6 ounces of it, add 2 ounces of the Spirit of Vitriol above&s;aid.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. Agrico|la.</NOTE> Dige&s;t them <HI>in Balneo vaporo&s;o</HI> for a month, keep it. The do&s;e is one or two &s;cruples in a little Lavender or Poeony water. &para; Oil of Wine mixt with tincture of Corals, and a few drops of it gi|ven to Children, pre&s;ently take away the fit.</P>
<P N="3">3. This is a &s;ingular and experienced Pla&s;ter: Take of white Amber, Frankincen&s;e, each 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Galbanum, Opoponax,</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, Mi&s;letoe of the Oak 2 drachms, Amber|grei&s;e 6 grains, Musk 3 grains, Seed of Male Poeo|ny half a drachm, <HI>Labdanum</HI> 1 drachm and an half, a little Oil of Nutmegs:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ca&s;par Am|thar.</NOTE> Be&s;trew it with powder of Cubebs, when you have &s;pread it, and apply it to the coronal future.</P>
<P N="4">4. I can certainly affirm, that I &s;aw an Epileptick per&s;on above twenty five years old, cured onely by the u&s;e of 2 ounces of Weezle's bloud, with 1 drachm of Vinegar. &para; Take the Stones of a wild Boar, or of a tame one that u&s;es <HI>Venus,</HI> and al&s;o the Stones of a Cock, dry them in an Oven, and pow|der them; let there be 2 ounces of the Boar's &s;tones, and 1 ounce of the Cock's, then add twice as much Sugar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Horat. Au|genius.</NOTE> Let the Patient take &s;ome of this Powder with all his Meat, you will find it a mo&s;t ab&s;olute remedy.</P>
<P N="5">5. It has been found, by frequent ob&s;ervation, that children have been pre&s;erved from fits, by gi|ving them 3 drachms of Syrup of Cichory with Rheu|barb, as &s;oon as they were born, before ever they had &s;ucked Milk.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Ba|ricellus.</NOTE> &para; I gave my own children 2 Scruples of Juice of Rue, with a little Gold, and by God's ble&s;&s;ing they are free from Fits.</P>
<P N="6">6. Many of our Country Folks have the bloud of the Epileptick Per&s;on him&s;elf among their &s;ecrets, as a &s;ingular remedy for an Epilep&s;ie. For in the very fit they take away a little bloud from a vein in his Arm, and they give it him to &s;up with a rear Egg. Which experiment has freed not a few from the Fit immediately, and has rendred them free from it ever after. But after this Liquor they give him Cordials and Bezoardicks, to lay him to &s;weat; for &s;o the matter of the Convul&s;ion being &s;tirred, and di&s;turbed by his own bloud, is di&s;cu&s;&s;ed and evacuated by &s;weat. &para; A mo&s;t noble and &s;ure An|tepileptick Powder. Take of Man's Skull burnt, Man's Bones burnt, each half an ounce, Powder of the Bones of great green-Lizards 2 drachms, Mi&s;le|toe of the Oak, Root and Seed of the Male-Poeo|ny, gathered in the decrea&s;e of the Moon, each 1 drachm, prepared Antimony, Hoof of an Elk, an A&s;s, each half a drachm, White Sugar 4 ounces. Mix them. Make a Powder. The do&s;e is 1 drachm, with a due quantity of Water of Hart&s;horn, Flow|ers of the Linden-tree, and Lily-Conval. &para; An Amulet for the Epilep&s;ie. There is a branch of Elder, that grows on an old Willow, pieces where|of hung about the Neck, have very happy &s;ucce&s;s in either abating, or quire curing an Epilep&s;ie. They mu&s;t be gathered in the Months of <HI>September</HI> and <HI>October,</HI> before the Full-Moon. &para; One of the &s;e|cond &s;prigs of a Willow cut into &s;mall pieces, and nine of them tied in a Linen, or Silken-rag, hung a|bout the neck to the Mouth of the Stomach, either before or after a Fit, and worn &s;o long, till it breaks, or falls off of it &s;elf, is an Amulet. The rag when it is fallen mu&s;t not be touched with ones hands, but taken in a pair of Tongs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">om. Bar|tholinus.</NOTE> and buried in &s;ome re|mote place, le&s;t it &s;hould be touched by the &s;ick, or any other, and &s;o infect them with the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s.</P>
<P N="7">7. A Medicine dimini&s;hing the Epilep&s;ie; I have ob&s;erved, that by taking 1 drachm of the Powder of Soapwort-&s;eed, once a Month for three New-Moons, the Fits have abated much, either in number, or violence. &para; I have known many per|fectly cured by eating a Wolf's Liver. &para; A drachm of Peacock's-dung in Powder drunk in Wine, when the Moon is New, is a mo&s;t excellent remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Borel|lus.</NOTE> if it be taken once a month, for &s;ome months toge|ther.</P>
<P N="8">8. I have known the&s;e two Powders very effectu|al; Take of prepared Coriander 2 drachms, Seeds of Poeony, Pur&s;lane, each 1 ounce, Hoof of an A&s;s burnt, half an ounce. Mix them, make Powder. The do&s;e 2 drachms in 2 ounces of Rue-water. Take of Man's bloud taken away by Cupping, of Man's Skull each 2 drachms, prepared Pearl, Ga|langale, Zedoary, each 1 drachm, Ma&s;tick, red Am|ber, red Coral, Dittany, each 1 drachm and an half, fle&s;h of a Kite, fat Rai&s;ins, each half an ounce. Mix them, make a Powder; Add 2 ounces of Sugar. The do&s;e is 1 drachm in Poeony-water every morn|ing. &para; Some account this a Secret; Take juice of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> purified, and boiled up thick 4 ounces, juice of Yarrow purified 3 ounces, Sugar 4 ounces. Mix them, boil them into the form of an Electuary. The do&s;e 1 &s;poonfull.</P>
<P N="9">9. The Skin of a Wolf, taken off that part which &s;ticks to the Spine, mu&s;t be cut into the form of a Girdle about 2 inches broad, it mu&s;t be girt about the Belly and the Loins, and worn al|ways, that the in&s;ide of the Skin may touch the Fle&s;h, the hairy &s;ide being put outwards. &para; As &s;oon as a Mare's Foal is foaled, it vomits up &s;ome matter, which unle&s;s one take up ha&s;tily, the Mare immediately devours it. This matter dried and Powdered cures the Falling-Sickne&s;s by certain ex|perience, it &s;eems a wonderfull thing. Oil of Vi|triol rightly prepared, and 5 drops of it taken with Broth in the morning, for &s;everal days, has cured many of this di&s;ea&s;e. &para; I approve of nothing bet|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Crato.</NOTE> than Peacock's dung given in di&s;tilled-water of <HI>Carduus,</HI> or Yarrow, than which, I have found no|thing more effectual.</P>
<P N="10">10. Cinnabar of Antimony in equal weight with Magi&s;tery of Corals, is a Specifick even in invete|rate Epilep&s;ies;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claud. Deo|datus.</NOTE> it takes away the di&s;ea&s;e onely by Sweat at repeated turns, and nece&s;&s;ary evacuati|ons premi&s;ed. The do&s;e is from 10 to 16 grains in &s;ome proper liquour.</P>
<P N="11">11. Oil of Box is admirable;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> for it is Narco|tick, and Narcoticks by &s;tupefying the Sen&s;e, u&s;e to hinder the Fit.</P>
<P N="12">12. In a Fit of the Falling-Sickne&s;s I give order to rub Rue between ones hands, and to hold it to the No&s;e, or to put a little of it up the No&s;trils, for by this means I have brought innumerable out of their Fits.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> &para; Let the following Amulet be hung on childrens necks; Take of green Poeony-root half an ounce, of Male Poeony-&s;eeds, namely the black, 1 drachm and an half, when the Root is cut, and the Seed brui&s;ed, put them in a bag and hang them on. By this Su&s;pen&s;ory I have &s;een the Fits cea&s;e to a wonder, and have often experien|ced the great and excellent virtue of it.</P>
<P N="13">13. Di&s;&s;olve the &s;crapings of the White&s;t Amber in Spirit of Wine, that it may be tinged, filtrate it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Gru|lingius.</NOTE> and evaporate it to half. It is a great Secret in the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s. It may be given to 15 grains in &s;ome appropriate Water.</P>
<P N="14">14. This is admirable; Take Ears of Barley, when they begin to grow ripe, burn them to Pow|der,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Hil|de&s;heim.</NOTE> of which give a little to an Epileptick per|&s;on every morning in Poeony-water, and he will pre&s;ently be cured.</P>
<P N="15">15. A certain illu&s;trious Lady te&s;tifies, that up|on the mo&s;t &s;ure experiment of a certain Widow, the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s is cured by a Powder made of Quails-Eggs. The Eggs are dried a little,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wolf. H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e~|ferus.</NOTE> &s;o as they may be powdered. Half a drachm of it to 2 Scruples is given for a do&s;e.</P>
<P N="16"><PB N="149" REF="80">16. The Fat of a Rabbet, killed by a violent death, melted, and 4 or 5 drops of it given in Wa|ter of Magpies, or Swallows, certainly gives help. &para; This al&s;o is accounted a &s;ingular &s;ecret; The Gall of a black Whelp that &s;ucks (they take for a Boy a Dog-whelp, for a Girl, a Bitch) and is &s;tran|gled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> given in &s;ome convenient liquour. By bene|fit of this a Son of the Duke of <HI>Buckingham</HI>'s was cured. This is much in u&s;e in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P N="17">17. The famous <HI>Spiritus Vitrioli Antepilepticus Hart|manni;</HI> Take of the fine&s;t <HI>Hungarian</HI> Vitriol 4 pounds, add thereto of Urine of healthy Boys, new made, 8 pounds; Dige&s;t them for &s;ome time in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el <HI>in Balneo Mariae:</HI> Afterwards in the &s;ame di&s;till a two-fold Phlegm, the fir&s;t of which is an excel|lent Paregorick for Gout-Pains and others, to a&s;&s;wage them: the other is an excellent Ophthalmick, good for all di&s;ea&s;es in the Eyes. Put the <HI>Caput mortuum</HI> powdered into a &s;trong earthen Retort, in an open fire, yet at fir&s;t but very gentle, and drive it over into a large Receiver; while the Spirits come over thick, there flows out a mo&s;t pretious Liquour, of a Sulphureous &s;mell, and &s;omething au&s;tere ta&s;t, which being rectified once and again by retort, and kept in a Gla&s;s well &s;topt, perfectly cures all Fits in Chil|dren. A Scruple of this may be mixt with Water of Poeony, and Linden-tree-flowers, of each 1 ounce, and kept for u&s;e. Give half a &s;poonfull of this &s;aid mixture in the Fit, the contracted and convul&s;e parts being fir&s;t reduced, and a little after, their &s;en&s;es being recollected, they will come to them|&s;elves, which, as &s;oon as you ob&s;erve, give them a little more, and &s;o a third time. But if the Fit &s;hould come again, as it often does, repeat the &s;ame proce&s;s thrice, and never fear, but at the &s;econd time, this di&s;ea&s;e, &s;o familiar to Children and In|fants, may be utterly and radically taken away; e|&s;pecially if &s;ome comforters of the brain be u&s;ed afterwards,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Hart|mannus <HI>com|ment. in</HI> Crollium.</NOTE> &s;uch as are Magi&s;tery of Pearl, Coral, Man's Skull, and our Antepileptick Lozenges. The famous <HI>Hofman</HI> likewi&s;e highly commends this.</P>
<P N="18">18. There is an admirable Water di&s;tilled off Daffodil-flowers, which is a pre&s;ent remedy for the Epilep&s;ie, if the Nape of the Neck and the whole Head be wa&s;hed with it hot;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet Laurem|bergius.</NOTE> but the Oil is much more effectual, which is drawn off the Flowers with the Water, by Chymical Artifice.</P>
<P N="19">19. For Fits of the Mother, let I&s;&s;ues be made in the Legs, which remedy I have ever &s;o much valued, and it hath &s;ucceeded &s;o happily, that I have freed &s;everal Women thereby from mo&s;t grievous accidents,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lud. Merca|tus.</NOTE> and &s;uch as would give way to no other remedies.</P>
<P N="20">20. How black Hellebore cures the Epilep&s;ie; Take green Roots of black Hellebore, extract them with Spirit of Wine, draw it off, that the E&s;&s;ence may remain; If Mi&s;letoe, Pellitory of Spain, and Seeds of Poeony be added,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">racel&s;us.</NOTE> it is more effec|tual.</P>
<P N="21">21. <HI>Montagnana's</HI> Electuary excells all others in Efficacy, by benefit whereof many Epileptick per|&s;ons have been cured; Take of the Roots of Male-Poeony, Ca&s;&s;idony, <HI>Co&s;tus,</HI> each 10 drachms, Agarick 5 ounces, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Caroway, Dill-&s;eed, <HI>A&s;&s;a foetida, Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> each 2 drachms and an half, juice of Squills, and the be&s;t Honey, each 1 pound and 2 ounces. Let the Squill and Honey be boiled over the fire to a con&s;i&s;tency, then add the Powders,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iverius.</NOTE> and make an Electuary. The do&s;e is 2, 3, or 4 drachms, continuing to take it for 20 or 30 days.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Epiphora,</HI> or involuntary Tears.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not u&s;e things to &s;top the Tears, before we Purge the Head. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Collyries mu&s;t want all a&s;perity. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Bli&s;ter drawn on the Forehead, of what efficacy? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be cured after the &s;ame manner if it be carried by the outer Ve&s;&s;els, as if it were carried by the inner. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where a Seton mu&s;t be f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By the u&s;e of Oil of Vitriol one turned into a Cancrous <HI>En|canthis. VI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t not u&s;e &s;topping Medicines, while there is a great and plentifull flux of humours; for then the abundance of humour, be|ing intercepted by virtue of the Medicine, and &s;tuffed as it were, it either, through its acrimony, cau&s;es greater pain, or exulceration. They mu&s;t therefore be u&s;ed, when either the humour is in a great mea&s;ure evacuated, or the Flux of it is not great; otherwi&s;e they will doe what <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <GAP DESC="foreign">. writes, <HI>Wa&s;ht</HI> Pompholyx,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus <HI>in</HI> Cel&s;um.</NOTE> <HI>as al&s;o</HI> Spodium <HI>and Starch may both moderately dry up the humours, and al&s;o hinder the &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture, which is contained in the Veins, from being evacuated through the tunicles.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Collyries mu&s;t have no roughne&s;s in them; for things that are of this nature, although they be ground never &s;o finely, cannot lo&s;e their nature, for they are never diluted like a Juice, but when they are even brought to their highe&s;t finene&s;s, they mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity continue a kind of Powder, which as it were pierce the parts of the Eyes, and rai&s;e a more trouble&s;ome <HI>Epiphora,</HI> if they be u&s;ed at the beginning. But when one has been vext &s;e|veral days, and there has been a per&s;everance of the humour, and the Phlegm is rendred more glu|tinous by the heat of the Eyes, then Collyries of metallick things will doe good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius,</NOTE> for the Eyes will then bear them more ea&s;ily, &s;o they be void of ex|ulceration.</P>
<P N="3">III. In a &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;e a Ve&s;icatory applied to the forehead does good. <HI>Fore&s;tus, ob&s;.</HI> 11. <HI>l.</HI> 11. tells of an old Woman, who&s;e Eyes were blea|red, weeping, full of water, painfull and itching, and was cured onely by application of a Ve&s;icato|ry made of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies, Leven and Honey. I had a Matron of about &s;ixty under cure, who had had &s;ore Eyes for &s;ix months, and when no Remedies would doe good, &s;he was cured in twenty four hours, by applying <HI>Schroderus</HI> his chephalick Pla|&s;ter to her Forehead: But &s;he would not ab&s;tain from Wine through the whole cour&s;e of her Di&s;|ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Fernelius</HI> derives the original of the Flux of Tears from the Forehead and Crown of the Head, in which he reckons the humour is gathered with|out the Skull, and under the Skin, which he will have to fall from the <HI>Peritranium</HI> upon the adhering Membrane, and &s;o break out at the Eyes from without. But we mu&s;t believe, that the Flux of the Eyes often derives its original from within, which <HI>Paulus</HI> has expre&s;&s;ed; and <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> &s;ays, that this Flux may ea&s;ily be cured, if it be fed by the ou|ter Veins, but very difficultly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plempius.</NOTE> if the Tears come by the inner Veins.</P>
<P N="5">V. In Defluxions and Weepings of the Eyes, all men agree, there is no Remedy more powerfull than a Seton in the Neck. Now <HI>Hildanus</HI> would have it made between the &s;econd and third, or even between the fourth and fifth <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Neck. I think, the cu&s;tome of <HI>Aquapendent</HI> and the <HI>Italians</HI> &s;hould be followed, who make it between the &s;e|cond and fir&s;t <HI>Vertebra.</HI> For that which is made low|er
<PB N="150" REF="81"> puts one to pain, becau&s;e of the rubbing upon it by the Band and the Doublet.</P>
<P N="6">VI. One upon the un&s;ea&s;onable &s;topping of a la|chrymal Flux by the Oil of Vitriol, had &s;o luxu|riant a Gland upon the corner of his Eye next his No&s;e, that the excre&s;cence of it did not onely co|ver his whole Cheek, but it degenerated al&s;o into a mo&s;t pernicious <HI>Carcinoma,</HI> which a Chirurgeon tried indeed to take hold on by a thred, and to cut it off conveniently with a Knife; but then the tu|mour had acquired that malignity, that it could &s;carce be touched, but it would immediately gu&s;h out with Bloud, and therefore there was a nece&s;|&s;ity onely to u&s;e Lenients, by which the de&s;truc|tion of the Patient was deferred, rather than remo|ved. Let them therefore con&s;ider, that &s;o frequent|ly u&s;e &s;harp Medicines, how ea&s;ily an errour may be committed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 29.</NOTE> which by no Art can ever after be rectified.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In Weeping, the Juice of Gra&s;s of <HI>Parna&s;&s;us</HI> &s;queezed out of the green herb is very good, as likewi&s;e the di&s;tilled water of Tormentil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Onely the Juice of Pomegranates boiled half away cures hot Tears.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Some commend a piece of raw Veal, well bea|ten, with tearing it, which they &s;teep in Ro&s;e-wa|ter in a &s;tone ve&s;&s;el, often pouring on fre&s;h water, and they apply this Fle&s;h to the Eyes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. O&s;w. Grembs.</NOTE> as the party goes to bed.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take of Ro&s;e-water 2 ounces and an half, prepared Tutty 1 drachm, <HI>Saccharum Saturni, Lapis Calaminaris,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Grulin|gius.</NOTE> each 1 &s;cruple; mix them. Drop it in|to the Eyes.</P>
<P N="5">5. This Powder is very excellent; Take of burnt Hearts horn, twice wa&s;ht in Ro&s;e-water, <HI>Guai|acum, Co&s;tus,</HI> red Coral, Antimony, each equal parts; Musk, the fourth of one of tho&s;e parts. Make a very fine Powder, which we may u&s;e, and with Wine make a Collyry. &para; Al&s;o a Sponge wet in water, wherein the greater Pine-nuts brui&s;ed have been boiled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Manar|dus.</NOTE> is very good, if the face be wa&s;ht therewith.</P>
<P N="6">6. A piece of white Vitriol di&s;&s;olved in &s;uch a quantity of water, as the Eyes may bear, may be u&s;ed with &s;ucce&s;s. &para; This Ointment is accounted &s;ingular for an <HI>Epiphora;</HI> Take of Verdigriece 12 grains, Camphire 1 drachm, prepared Tutty half an ounce, fre&s;h Butter, which mu&s;t be melted with Ro&s;e-water, and boiled a little, 6 drachms: Mix them; make an Unguent; put a piece about as big as a Pea&s;e into the greater corner of the Eye, and let the Eye-lids be &s;lightly anointed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. In this Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially if it ari&s;e from a cold humour, Water of Golden-rod, wherein bur|ning Frankincen&s;e has been extingui&s;hed, is com|mended.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. This Powder wonderfully re&s;trains Tears; Take the Shell of Citrine Myrobalans, infu&s;e them in Ro&s;e-water for two days, dry them, and pow|der them; infu&s;e them again three or four times in Ro&s;e-water. Keep it. &para; Take dried Rue, boil it in Honey and Vinegar, &s;train it through a linen Cloth, when it is &s;trained, anoint the Eyes with it, it will mo&s;t certainly re&s;train Tears. &para; This is a &s;ingular Remedy; Burn &s;ome Frankincen&s;e, and ex|tingui&s;h it often in Ro&s;e-water;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh St<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">he|rus.</NOTE> Drop it into the Eyes.</P>
<P N="9">9. This is a mo&s;t experienced thing; Wa&s;h the Eyes three or four times a day with Water where|in Gold &s;miths quench their Gold and Silver, or their Tongs: This will be better, if a little Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;tick, Aloes and Litharge, be fir&s;t boiled in it. &para; And this is an admirable thing; Take of Juice of Fenil, Pomegranate; Sorrel, Celandine purified, Honey, each 1 ounce, Beat them together in a Bra&s;s ve&s;&s;el, and let them &s;tand in dung for 2 days; <HI>Lapis Calaminaris</HI> and Anti|mony each half an ounce may be added. Make a Collyry.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> or, St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s-Fire.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Re&s;pect mu&s;t be had to the malignant quality joined with it. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud mu&s;t be let. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging is convenient onely towards the end. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e topical Medicines with caution. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It refu&s;es Suppuraters in &s;oft parts. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep mu&s;t be avoided, if it &s;eize the face. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Coriander is proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An experienced Topick. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Leeches good in an ulcerous one. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An ulcerous one in the Leg cured by anointing it with Spirit of Vitriol. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the Pu&s;tules by pricking. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One that came often in the Face, cured by an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One anointed with Oil cau&s;ed a Gangrene. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an exulcerated one. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Frog &s;pawn water may be u&s;ed? <HI>XV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is commonly believed it has its ri&s;e from yellow Choler; but &s;ome of the Moderns rather derive it from thin bloud: for, 1. The Co|lour is a token rather of bloud than bile, which is red, when it ought to be pale or yellow, as is ma|nife&s;t in the Jaundice. 2. Although the Colour be vehement enough, yet it is not &s;o &s;harp, as in Di&s;|ea&s;es ari&s;ing from yellow Choler, wherefore it is not &s;o frequently exulcerated, as Ring-worms and other Tumours cau&s;ed by bile; and when it is ex|ulcerated, it is not &s;o much from its own nature, as from the alteration of it. 3. They are &s;eldom ob|noxious to it that are of a hot and dry con&s;tituti|on, lean, brown or black, which is mo&s;t &s;uitable to breed yellow Choler; but they rather that are &s;an|guine, fat, fle&s;hy and red. 4. The fle&s;hy parts, the Thighs, Legs, Face, Neck, Brea&s;ts, and the like, are oftner affected than others. 5. This Di&s;|ea&s;e comes mo&s;t between thirty and forty years of age, about which time there is mo&s;t bloud in the body. But yet the cau&s;e mu&s;t not be a&s;cribed &s;imply to fulne&s;s, but rather to a depraved and pe|culiar quality of the bloud, which proceeds from the putrefaction and corruption of its thinner part: for Nature being &s;timulated by that malignant qua|lity, drives the vitious humour to the out&s;ide of the body. A &s;ign whereof is, that this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ei|zes one like the Pe&s;tilence, &s;o that they, who ne|ver had it before, think they are taken with the Plague, till the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hew it &s;elf in &s;ome part. Hence it is the common practice, when the Par|oxy&s;m comes, and the Ro&s;e appears, to take Medi|cines which help Nature's motion, and drive the matter from the inner parts to the outer, as Trea|cle, Mithridate, Water or <HI>Rob</HI> of Elder. The&s;e Medicines taken in the beginning are approved on, where plenty of humours is not urgent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> otherwi&s;e it is &s;afer to remove the antecedent cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> e&s;pecially commends Bloud-letting, whom <HI>Paulus, lib.</HI> 4. follows. <HI>Galen,</HI> 14. <HI>meth. &amp;</HI> 2. <HI>ad Glauconem</HI> &s;eems aver&s;e to it. But I follow Rea&s;on rather than Authority: for it is an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, which mu&s;t quickly be oppo&s;ed, a kind of Inflammation, from the thinner Bloud, or at lea&s;t its <HI>Ichor,</HI> and the hotte&s;t of it; But in &s;uch a Heat who dare omit Bleeding, or fly to other Remedies, and neglect it, &s;ince it draws from the
<PB N="151" REF="81"> part where the fluxion is, evacuates, helps tran|&s;piration, and readily draws out the bilious bloud, as it lies in the Veins. If a &s;incere <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> occur, ari&s;ing from Bile alone, &s;uch as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;uppo&s;es, and if a bilious Cacochymie redound in the habit of bo|dy, then Bleeding may be let alone, for fear of the ebullition of cholerick humours.</P>
<P N="3">III. Although <HI>Galen,</HI> 13. <HI>m. m.</HI> &s;eem to approve of Purging; yet we mu&s;t proceed to it with great caution, and not till the declen&s;ion, le&s;t the hu|mours, being &s;tirred, run to the part affected: Wherefore, after the &s;eventh day, Electuary of Juice of Ro&s;es with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> may be given, and after it &s;ome pounds of Whey.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. The Ancients, and mo&s;t Writers of Chirur|gery do very much u&s;e Coolers, even Water it &s;elf, the colde&s;t of all; yea, they al&s;o mix with them A&s;tringents and Stupefiers, as Henbane, Mandrake, <HI>Opium,</HI> Hemlock. But the Modern reprehend this common Cure, not without the &s;uffrage of rea&s;on and experience: for &s;ince the &s;harp matter exciting the Ro&s;e is not without malignity, if its going out be hindred by the&s;e very cooling, binding and re|pellent things; it returns inwards, and &s;eizes the nobler and inner parts, to the hazard of life, hence a Phrenzy comes from an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in the Head &s;truck in. Finally, by the&s;e things the matter is &s;hut up in the part affected, whence putrefaction and &s;uppuration, which is often attended by a Gangrene. Which thing &s;ince it often happens from the cure of the <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Arabians,</HI> they admo|ni&s;h us, that the part may be &s;o far cooled, as that the heat may remit, and the Patient confe&s;s him&s;elf not to feel &s;o great a heat, with the turning of the red colour into a livid: But it may ea&s;ily fall out, that before &s;ufficient caution can be u&s;ed in this ca&s;e, &s;uch dangers may already be at hand. Wherefore the ca&s;e &s;eems not to differ much from that of Burns: For if a burnt part be dipt in cold water, it does but inclo&s;e the heat, with danger of pain and making it wor&s;e. Hot things are more proper|ly applied, which make the skin lax, open the pores, and di&s;&s;olve the &s;erous humours, that would break out into pu&s;tules. The intemperature of the part is removed after the &s;ame manner in both ca&s;es, not &s;o much by oppo&s;ing it with a contrary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> as by ta|king away the cau&s;e. &para; In this ca&s;e the u&s;e of moi&s;t things is prohibited; for they pre&s;ently cool actually, although they may heat potentially; and therefore they obtain the force of a repellent. Therefore dry and dige&s;ting fomentations are be&s;t. Hence it is, that if a Patient, through carele&s;ne&s;s, wa&s;h in the beginning of an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> not knowing the Di&s;ea&s;e, it will be exa&s;perated, &s;welled, and the pain doubled. &para; We mu&s;t have a care of things that are unctuous and have an empla&s;tick virtue, e|&s;pecially of Narcoticks; for the &s;harp vapours ex|hale,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato. 3</NOTE> which if they be kept in, &s;ometimes cor|rupt the part. &para; It is a cu&s;tome among our coun|try people, if they be taken with an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> to anoint the part affected with Oil of Bayes, mixt with a little Quick&s;ilver, with which Medicine they prolong the Di&s;ea&s;e; for while the Oil makes lax the Skin, the <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> &s;preads farther and far|ther, &s;o that you may &s;ee it overrun the whole Body on a &s;udden, except you prevent the mi&s;chief thus, <HI>i. e.</HI> unle&s;s you apply all round it a linen cloth wet in warm water, which may defend the other parts. If the humours that &s;tick in the fle&s;h be plainly extrava&s;ated, they cannot flow for their thickne&s;s: let the Phy&s;ician therefore make them fluid with hot Medicines. So an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in the be|ginning is taken away by applying Spirit of Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. I have &s;een an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in the right cheek, that was treated with &s;uppurating Empla&s;ticks, turn to a Gangrene. Again, I &s;aw a Chirurgeon with &s;uch Empla&s;ticks who was taken with an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas in ano.</HI> The rea&s;on is, 1. Becau&s;e the Cheeks, Brea&s;ts, No&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> becau&s;e of their &s;oftne&s;s, are ea&s;ily de|prived of their innate heat. When therefore &s;trength is good and the humours are hot, let Di|ge&s;ters, not Suppuraters, be made u&s;e of.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. This is a rule concerning Sleep; When an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> is in the Legs or Thighs, moderate Sleep is good: But when it is in the Face, we mu&s;t re|frain from Sleep as much as may be.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Green Coriander and Barley-flower applied is a very good Medicine, but not in the beginning, becau&s;e it is hot, which its bitterne&s;s &s;hews, al|though it partake of moi&s;ture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. By the u&s;e of <HI>Linimentum &s;implex,</HI> not yet rank and often changed, I have cured innumerable <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI>'s with &s;ucce&s;s, not neglecting univer&s;als and inward coolers. In defect of this nothing is better than Oil of &s;weet Almonds nine times wa&s;ht in a gla&s;s-bottle with Night-&s;hade-water, with which cold anoint the place till the violent heat be dimini&s;hed. Others commend <HI>Bal&s;amus Saturni</HI> made with Lin&s;eed-oil, and often anointed with a Feather. This is the De&s;cription of <HI>Linimentum &s;im|plex.</HI> Take of Juice of Night-&s;hade fre&s;h made, Oil of Ro&s;es, each 20 ounces. Boil them to the con&s;umption of the Juice. Strain it, and add to it Litharge of Gold, Ceru&s;s, each 1 pound. Mix them; make an ointment according to art.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. A Leech did a melancholick Woman a great deal of good, who had an eating <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in her Leg: for it drew out of the Veins thereabout the hot and adu&s;t bloud, which had all along &s;upplied the &s;tubborn Ulcer with matter: which being &s;uck|ed out, the re&s;t of the trouble was ea&s;ily over, onely by applying Bread &s;oaked in Water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">N. Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. The famous <HI>Ve&s;lingius</HI> cured a certain per&s;on of an ulcerated <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in his Leg, when he had fir&s;t purged the Body, by touching it &s;ometimes with a Feather dipt in Spirit of Vitriol. He &s;aid, that the&s;e &s;harp chymical Liquours, were therefore applied to malignant and &s;preading Ul|cers, that the corroding humours may after a man|ner be mitigated, and their violence broken, af|ter the example of Salt of Tartar, and Spirit of Vitriol, both which were very &s;harp, and by their mutual acting one upon the other, their mixture produces a far more gentle Medicine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. In the Bli&s;ters of an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> which by force of &s;harp and hot ichorous Juices u&s;e to break out, <HI>Fallopius</HI> advi&s;es to prick them in the beginning, adding this moreover, that the place &s;ubject to the Fluxion &s;hould be prickt. Which operation al&s;o plea&s;es me; yet I had rather doe it with a golden or &s;ilver Needle. But you mu&s;t al&s;o know this, that they mu&s;t not be prickt &s;lightly, but al&s;o clipt with Sci&s;&s;ers, that nothing of the Ichor may be left, which being kept in a Bladder might by its contact &s;poil the part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. I knew a man about thirty five years old, of the Senatory order, who&s;e Face was often inva|ded with bilious bloud, and then was continually disfigured with an oedematous &s;welling, the thinner parts of the humour being di&s;cu&s;&s;ed. By the ad|vice of Phy&s;icians &s;everal remedies were tried, al|tering Broths, Whey, Waters; but all in vain. I advi&s;ed an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm, (it was made in the right Leg, but to no purpo&s;e,) which by the per|&s;ua&s;ion of the Chirurgeon (who&s;e Wife had found the benefit of it in the like ca&s;e) he admitted. And he has not been troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e ever &s;ince the year 1673. to 1679. his Face falling, and all &s;igns of the <HI>Oedema</HI> being gone.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Countrey fellow had an inflammato|ry <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in his left Hand, he anointed his Hand and Arm for &s;ome days with Oil of Ro&s;es, upon which his Pain, Inflammation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> grew wor&s;e, &s;o that his Hand was all over gangrened: From whence it is clear, that Oil is a great enemy to In|flammations, as <HI>Galen</HI> 15. <HI>de &s;impl.</HI> intimates.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hil<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">anus.</NOTE> &para; In the year 1668. a Butcher's Wife of <HI>Geneva,</HI> called <HI>Bourdillat,</HI> anointed her Face, that had an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI>
<PB N="152" REF="82"> in it, with the &s;ame Oil, then &s;he had a mo&s;t filthy thick &s;cab, as white as milk, which almo&s;t cau&s;ed a Gangrene. Therefore <HI>Fortis, Con&s;ult.</HI> 95. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. bids us wholly ab&s;tain from oily and fat things; becau&s;e being heated by the heat of the part, they may in|flame it farther.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. I happily cured an ulcerated <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> by the method pre&s;cribed of <HI>Rulandus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>cur.</HI> 43. One about &s;ixty three years old was taken with an ulcerated <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in his feet, with great pain and &s;welling. 1. I thus purged the Body: Take of Syrup of Ro&s;es, <HI>Mont.</HI> 1 ounce, extract of Spurge half a drachm, Pectoral Decoction 1 ounce and an half. Mix them. A wa&s;h for the feet: Take of Ro&s;es 4 handfulls, Plantain 3 handfulls, let them boil a little in a &s;ufficient quantity of water. When you take out your feet, and have wiped and dried them with a &s;oft Towel, anoint them twice every day with the following Ointment. Take of Litharge 3 ounces, <HI>&V;nguentum Populeon,</HI> wa&s;ht Ceru&s;s, <HI>Infrigidans Galeni,</HI> each half an ounce, oil of Ro&s;es complete, 1 ounce. Let them all be mixt in a mortar, till it be made an Unguent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE> Water-Cre&s;&s;es is a &s;ingular thing in an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. It is u&s;ual with &s;ome men to quench St. <HI>An|thony</HI>'s fire with Frog &s;pawn-water, but often with ill &s;ucce&s;s: for it is too cold, becau&s;e it has in it a Mercury joined with a certain &s;aturnine property. Therefore indeed it is repelling; but a manife&s;t cau&s;e of a Gangrene, and other grievous &s;ymptomes. And it is be&s;t to mix with a decoction of Myrrh and <HI>Oli|banum</HI> in Wine and Vinegar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is a mo&s;t certain remedy; Let a linen cloth be dipt in a Virgin's <HI>Men&s;truum,</HI> dry it, and when there is occa&s;ion, cut a piece of it off, and &s;teep it in Vinegar of Ro&s;es, to draw out the Tinc|ture, apply it warm, and repeat it &s;everal times. It pre&s;ently draws out the hear. &para; I have experi|enced this in &s;everal: Take of Rob of Elder 1 ounce, <HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> 1 drachm; mix them well, &s;pread it on a cloth, and apply it, in a few hours it draws out the heat. &para; For an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in the head Cinnabar of Antimony is very good, and no|thing &s;urer, it cures immediately. The do&s;e is 15 or 16 grains in &s;ome proper liquour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE> Let it be given twice or thrice, it is an excellent Diaphoretick.</P>
<P N="2">2. Butter of <HI>Saturn</HI> is &s;ufficient to cure an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> if it be applied cold outwardly. And it is thus made; Take &s;ome di&s;tilled Vinegar, in which let a piece of Litharge or red Lead boil 2 hours, &s;tirring it with a &s;tick. After the Vinegar is &s;ettled and clear, take a little of it, and &s;hake it together with Oil of Violets, till it turn into the con&s;i&s;tency of a very w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ite bu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ter, add often a little of the &s;aid Vinegar, impregnated with the Salt of the Litharge or red Lead,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> and &s;ome Oil of Violets, always &s;haking it, till you have a &s;ufficient quantity. Keep it for u&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. Take as much &s;cabious water as you plea&s;e, di&s;|&s;olve a little <HI>Venice</HI> Soap in it, boil it a little. Dip a li|nen cloth in it, &s;train it out, and dry it gently upon a furnace,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">il. Gru|lingius.</NOTE> when it is dry, apply it, and repeat it &s;e|veral times.</P>
<P N="4">4. Some chymical Sudorificks are good for an <HI>Ery|&s;ipelas.</HI> Some lixivial Scaps mu&s;t be applied to the part affected, which imbibe the acidity, &s;uch as are linen cloths often wet in a lie of Beech a&s;hes, &s;ha|ken together with the white of an Egg and Cam|phire,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us.</NOTE> and dried in the &s;hade.</P>
<P N="5">5. Wrap a Nutmeg in a wet Linen, or in Hemp, ro&s;t it in hot a&s;hes; mix likewi&s;e with it as much Columbine Seed, wrapt in a wet cloth and ro&s;ted in the like manner. Make a powder. Drink it in &s;mall Wine or Scabious water, whereby the movea|ble turgent humour in the veins is more ea&s;ily ex|pelled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Ho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. There is almo&s;t nothing better for an <HI>Ery&s;ipe|las,</HI> than that the Patient immediately take a few drops of Oil of Amber in &s;ome Elder-flower water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Conrad. Kunrad.</NOTE> and &s;weat. It pre&s;erves a man al&s;o from this evil, if he u&s;e this Medicine once every month.</P>
<P N="7">7. There is &s;carce a more pre&s;ent Remedy than Pap, made of the bulb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Lau|rembergius.</NOTE> leaves and flowers of the Daffodil, for driving away the inveterate pains of an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8. I infu&s;ed &s;ome fre&s;h Elder flowers in Whey, and when I had boiled them a convenient time, I &s;trained it out, and drank a draught of it morning and evening for 3 or 4 days;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> and from that time to this I have been free from an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9. Linen cloths dipt in ones own Urine, &s;trained out, and when they are dry, applied, draw out the heat, and cure the di&s;ea&s;e. &para; Cow's dung,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Dav. Ru|landus.</NOTE> or Pi|geon's dung, mixt with Oil and applied, is good.</P>
<P N="10">10. Sheep's dung boiled in Vinegar, and applied as a Catapla&s;m, is good, and when it itches, ones own water applied, kills it. &para; Spirit of Wine is in this ca&s;e highly commended, which does &s;o di&s;|cu&s;s, that if the hurt part be pre&s;ently chafed with it, it &s;tops the &s;welling and inflammation, and al&s;o mitigates the pain by its narcotick virtue.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Exanthemata,</HI> or, Spots, Wheals or Pu&s;tules.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes we may purge and let bloud. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When purging is proper? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coming without a Fever cured by the help of diet onely. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>GAlen</HI> 2. <HI>in</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 30. con&s;idering <HI>Simon</HI>'s hi|&s;tory, who had broad Pu&s;tules appear, &s;aid that purging and bleeding were proper in this ca&s;e: Not indeed to evacuate the matter tran&s;mitted to the Skin; but to take away the &s;uperfluity of humour re&s;iding in the venous kind, before the matter tran&s;|mitted to the Skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus.</NOTE> is evacuated by topical Medi|cines.</P>
<P N="2">II. It is no &s;mall difficulty to determine, whether in Di&s;ea&s;es, wherein &s;omething breaks out in the Skin, we may u&s;e a purging Medicine, at the fir&s;t breaking out, and in the beginning of the motion, or at any time el&s;e? Some being affrighted with the plenty of bad humours in malignant Fevers, do ra&s;hly run to purging, when &s;pots begin to appear. For when they find that taking away bloud is not &s;ufficient, but that the accidents do yet increa&s;e, (and often becau&s;e bloud enough is not let, which would doe more good) they fall on purging, that they may be thought to oppo&s;e great Remedies to great Di&s;ea&s;es: thinking they may avoid &s;o urgent a danger, little regarding the retroce&s;s of the dead|ly matter to the bowels, and expecting greater be|nefit from purging, that is, when the load of hu|mours is taken away, which will not tarry for coc|tion. The&s;e men are &s;educed by <HI>Galen</HI>'s judgment, who denied not, that in the cure of <HI>Simon</HI>'s Pu&s;tules we might u&s;e a Purge. That the truth may ap|pear, we mu&s;t know, there is a threefold difference of Efflore&s;cences in the skin. For &s;ome are cau&s;ed, while Nature by the malice of the humours is much irritated, and before the time; which being com|pelled, and taking care that the humours fall not on &s;ome principal part, changing her accu&s;tomed or|der, and before coction, drives the deadly humour from her &s;elf; Of this rank are the Small-pox, Mea|&s;les, <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> and Spots in malignant Fevers. Again, &s;ome are indeed made by Nature driving them out, but then the matter is more kindly, and &s;uch as
<PB N="153" REF="82"> cau&s;es not a Fever inwardly: of which nature are pocky Pu&s;tules, and the &s;cabby Eminences of <HI>Simon</HI> and all others, which break out at the Skin, while the faculty of the Veins unburthens it &s;elf. There are others al&s;o, that bud out at the skin, from &s;ome fault in the fle&s;h or the third Region, through the depraved nouri&s;hment, as in the Lepro&s;ie, &s;everal &s;orts of Scab and Itch. From which difference it follows, that what is driven to the Skin, is either cau&s;ed by the pernicious condition of the humour, which cau&s;es a deadly Fever; or by rea&s;on of abundance of ill humour, unfit for nouri&s;hment, whether it be in the veins or in the fle&s;h. Al&s;o that which breaks through the Skin, is either fa&s;tened in the fle&s;h and skin, and &s;o cau&s;es Pu&s;tules and Tu|mours; or it onely defaces the skin with its colour and thinne&s;s, and rai&s;es a very di&s;ea&s;ed affection in the skin, while it prevents a greater in the bowels. Which things premi&s;ed, it is re&s;olved, that a purge mu&s;t not be given in any defoedation of the skin, as it begins, and in the very breaking of it out, whe|ther the matter be malignant or not. And this &s;hould be ob&s;erved e&s;pecially in &s;pots of malignant Fevers, Small-pox and Mea&s;les, nor yet after the complete time of apparition of the Small-pox and Mea&s;les. But &s;ometimes upon the &s;core of &s;ome mo&s;t urgent danger, in Malignant-fevers (becau&s;e while they are yet appearing, there is abundance of pernicious humour, and the Fever encrea&s;es,) after the violence of the eruption, and while the motion is continued outward by nature, &s;ometimes it may be lawfull to purge by friction and cupping; although this mu&s;t be done but &s;eldom, and with premeditation. But in other &s;pots of the skin, which degenerate into the Small-pox and Mea&s;les, we mu&s;t neither purge in the beginning, nor after the time of eruption is complete, nor at any time: becau&s;e the humours, that cau&s;ed the Fever, are they which de|generate into the Small-pox or Mea&s;les, and for that Rea&s;on the Fever pre&s;ently cea&s;es, which is di&s;colou|red, though there follow another from &s;uppurati|on: In an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> very &s;lowly, becau&s;e in the&s;e Di|&s;ea&s;es the matter is very moveable. But if that which has appeared in the skin (whether <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> Mea&s;les, Small-pox, or Malignant-&s;pots) do &s;uddenly fall back, di&s;appear, and turn inwards, we mu&s;t purge forthwith, before it fall on any principal part, as the manner is in turgent humours. But in &s;ome &s;cabious eruptions, &s;uch as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> ob&s;erved in <HI>Si|mon,</HI> and in others of the &s;ame &s;tamp becau&s;e they are &s;ettled in the fle&s;h and skin, and come of a thick matter, and are moved &s;lowly, you may give a Purge when you think fit; yet not in the beginning and very height of the eruption. For we mu&s;t permit Nature to fini&s;h the motion &s;he has begun, and af|terwards we may purge at any time; becau&s;e what remains within, as it breeds dayly more and more, &s;o al&s;o it de&s;ires to be evacuated: for the matter is neither all together, nor expelled, but remains to be expelled, without any Inflammation or Fever, which can require coction, or it mu&s;t be expelled becau&s;e of urgency; yet by no means in the violence of its motion. For it is determined among the Prudent, to permit as yet the violence of the irritation and commotion in erring Nature, before we &s;top it, in evacuations which we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity &s;top: Nor mu&s;t we doe it in tho&s;e evacuations, which Nature moves from the principal parts to the ignoble, for the bet|ter, becau&s;e of the deadly humour. In which mat|ter the wi&s;er, guided by rea&s;on and experience, fear to divert Nature from the work of expul&s;ion, &s;he has begun, by giving a Purge; which motion it were a thou&s;and times &s;afer to help by cupping, &s;carify|ing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Becau&s;e Nature would &s;ink very much, and be wearied in the conte&s;t, by the violence which is done her by the Medicine drawing to the Bowels, contrary to her own motion outwards. Be&s;ides, up|on its turning back we mu&s;t fear it will &s;ettle on &s;ome principal part: for the turge&s;cency is not more mortal, than the fore&s;aid retroce&s;s inwards and from the skin, contrary to the motion of Nature from within outwards. Nor al&s;o is it in the power of Me|dicine nece&s;&s;arily to force the humour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> when it is moved, to the Guts.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Nun, without any precedent Fever, or de|cay of &s;trength, or any other u&s;ual &s;igns appearing, was &s;uddenly &s;eized with Pu&s;tules all her body over, and &s;he was then &s;en&s;ible of no other ail be&s;ides. She recovered onely by Diet without the help of Phy|&s;ick. I judged, becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e came in the wane of the Moon, that Nature helped by the monthly motion, rather drove the excrements, which were few, to the circumference; as if &s;he had endeavoured in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration: Since the Pu&s;|tules appeared not all red, as in others,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rumletes.</NOTE> but were &s;omewhat black and greeni&s;h.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="6" TYPE="book">
<PB N="154" REF="83">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK VI. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> F.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris in genere,</HI> or, A Fever in general.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The ordinary divi&s;ion comprehends not all &s;orts of Fevers. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There are Fevers of a doubtfull nature. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Di&s;ea&s;e whereof it is a concomitant, Bloud mu&s;t not always be let. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure by Alexipyreticks. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Fever rai&s;ed by Art, for the cure of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Epidemick Fevers &s;ometimes &s;eize a man when there are no ill humours in his body. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that are &s;ick of a Fever mu&s;t not always be kept in bed. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not requi&s;ite that every Fever &s;hould end in &s;weat. <HI>VIII, IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Am of the opinion that old Writers knew not the kinds and differences of all Fe|vers. I will propound a fourth, found out by me, and hitherto ob&s;erved by no man. And it is an uniform, continual Fever, without any exacerbation, fol|lowing immoderate heat of the Brea&s;t and Lungs, without putrefaction. And this heat &s;eizes the Lungs for want of breathing in Air, through the fault of narrow Lungs: Which indeed being immoderately heated, cau&s;e a Fever for two rea&s;ons, in the Heart, and then in the whole Body. Both becau&s;e they communicate the conceived heat immediately to the Heart, and becau&s;e they &s;o heat the in&s;pired Air, how cold &s;oever it be, that it is in no wi&s;e &s;uffici|ent to cool the heart, according to Nature's ap|pointment. Hence ari&s;es a continual Fever, which can neither be called properly an <HI>Ephemera,</HI> nor a Pu|trid, nor a Hectick Fever. If any one will refer it to a Hectick Fever, improperly &s;o called, as ari&s;ing from a principal part di&s;affected, he will not be far out, &s;o he under&s;tand the manner of its generati|on, not as yet ob&s;erved at all by others. I have more than once ob&s;erved, that they who were taken with this fever, laboured of an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> not at inter|valls, but continually. &para; <HI>Sennertus</HI> be&s;ides <HI>Ephemera</HI>'s, continual, primary or &s;ymptomatick, and intermit|tent, admits al&s;o of a certain kind, which proceeds from Worms, Milk corrupted upon Childrens Sto|machs, concrete, extrava&s;ated bloud putrefying, &s;uch as &s;ometimes attends a Drop&s;ie: And I add, &s;uch a Fever as ari&s;es from Phlegm &s;wallowed down, and putrefying on the Stomach. Such Fevers pro|ceed &s;lowly, becau&s;e while the matter is far di&s;tant from the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;ferus.</NOTE> they &s;end &s;lower and fewer fumes to it, and counterfeit Hectick Fevers.</P>
<P N="2">II. Some Fevers as well continual as intermit|tent, are ob&s;erved in practice to be in a manner doubtfull, which we can neither certainly refer to <HI>Ephemera</HI>'s, nor to any one kind of putrid Fevers: For &s;ome run out &s;ometimes beyond the third day, and &s;ometimes are in the &s;ame day often exa&s;pera|ted, and that either while the meat is dige&s;ting, or towards evening, gentle they are indeed, and &s;uch as that the Patient &s;carce thinks him&s;elf thereof; yet they are apparent by the celerity and frequency of Pul&s;e, tire&s;omne&s;s, heavine&s;s and wa&s;ting of Bo|dy, and &s;ometimes by more grievous &s;ymptomes. And &s;ome of them being brought to a pure inter|mi&s;&s;ion, without any &s;en&s;e of &s;hivering, gently, as I &s;aid, they do return, either while concoction is per|forming, or towards evening, or on any occa&s;ion: Some of this &s;ort are cau&s;ed by a violent Itch, Scab, Felons, by outward Boils, and &s;harp Di&s;tillations: Some al&s;o are cau&s;ed by invincible crudity, or bile efferve&s;cent without putrefaction, or &s;ome half di&s;|ordered quality of the humours, which po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es the fir&s;t or any other Region of the Body: For this
<PB N="155" REF="83"> their vitious quality is the middle way to putrefacti|on, at which the Di&s;ea&s;e for the mo&s;t part &s;tops. Wherefore I remove all this &s;ort of Fevers either by a thin and cooling Diet, under which Nature a|lone might amend the fault in the quality, Or, if Diet did little good, I moreover accommodated blee|ding or purging to it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernellus.</NOTE> which were quickly attended by a recovery.</P>
<P N="3">III. Our modern Phy&s;icians proceed to let bloud in any Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;o there be but a Fever, contrary to the mind of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who &s;o much feared blee|ding becau&s;e of a Fever, that for its &s;ake he often thought fit to ab&s;tain from letting of bloud. So <HI>Sect.</HI> 3. <HI>Coac.</HI> 79. <HI>Letting of bloud is bad for pains lying about the &s;ide, in Fevers.</HI> And 2 <HI>Epid. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 10. <HI>If there be an &V;lcer, bleed in the inner veins, &s;o he be not in a Fever.</HI> And a little after. <HI>v.</HI> 18. <HI>Whoever are taken &s;peechle&s;s on a &s;udden, if they have not a Fever, let them bloud.</HI> Coac. Sect. 2. <HI>v.</HI> 72. <HI>Whoever are taken on a &s;udden with a pain a|bout the</HI> Hypochondria <HI>and the Heart,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Bleeding cures them.</HI> The rea&s;on depends on this, becau&s;e a Fever does not onely argue there is choler, &s;eeing <HI>Hippo|crates, l. de Nat. Hum. v.</HI> 272. thought that all Fevers, Diaries excepted, have their ri&s;e from choler; but it &s;hews that the choler is in a ferment. Where|fore in this ca&s;e bleeding does much harm; both on the account of the &s;ign, becau&s;e it &s;hows bile is predominant, and in a ferment; and upon account of the cau&s;e, in as much as the humours, made thin by Bloud-letting, are &s;o far attenuated by the fe|brile heat, that the whole bloud almo&s;t is turned in|to bilious juice: for Bile is nothing el&s;e but attenu|ated Bloud immoderately boiled or inflamed by heat. And this is the rea&s;on, why they who have bled immoderately, are &s;ubject to cholerick Fevers; as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> ob&s;erves <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>de Morb. Mulier.</HI> All which things the prudent old Man taking notice of, did &s;o far &s;u&s;pect Blood-letting in putrid Fevers (the&s;e he calls <HI>Fevers from Bile</HI>) that for the cure of them he no where admits it. Which Doctrine of <HI>Hippocrates Galen</HI> under&s;tood otherwi&s;e, when he &s;ettled this Axiom, That it is mo&s;t whol&s;ome to let bloud in every putrid Fever; whom the Moderns follow, who let bloud in every Di&s;ea&s;e, as often as there is a Fever, as though it were the principal Indicant of Blood-letting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martianus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. The cau&s;e of the febrile ferment, which is elevated from divers Subjects, breeds the di&s;tinction of Fevers. For in intermittents the occa&s;ional cau&s;e re&s;ides in the fir&s;t ways, that is, in the Stomach, Guts, and other adjacent parts. The cau&s;e of bur|ning Fevers properly &s;o called, is contained in the ma&s;s of Bloud it &s;elf, which is either corrupted from without, and made malignant and poi&s;onous, or it rai&s;es an inte&s;tine War. The &s;ubject of inhe|&s;ion or the mine of Continual periodick Fevers, is either in the Me&s;entery, <HI>Pancreas,</HI> or in &s;ome other Organs de&s;igned for elaboration and defecation of the bloud. And in removing all the&s;e, our chief care mu&s;t be directed to that which is mo&s;t urgent, name|ly, to appea&s;e and hinder the ebullition of the bloud, which cau&s;es the fever fit. A thing never|thele&s;s, which will immediately be performed, nei|ther by bleeding nor purging, that is by diminuti|on of &s;trength,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> but by &s;pecifick Febrifuges, Prepa|rers of the febrile matter, Diaphoreticks and Diu|reticks.</P>
<P N="5">V. If a Fever come upon a Lethargy, the Lethar|gy is cured. But if a Fever come not of it &s;elf we may cau&s;e it by Art, by anointing the Pul&s;es with Oil made of Beetles, called <HI>Lucanici,</HI> as you make the Oil of Scorpions. For &s;o upon certain experi|ence, a Fever is rai&s;ed, re&s;embling an <HI>Ephemera,</HI> which di&s;appears pre&s;ently the next day.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;ferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Seeing the &s;pecifick differences of Epidemick Di&s;ea&s;es, namely of Fevers, rely upon the &s;ecret con&s;titution of the Years, they labour in vain, who|ever would draw the rea&s;ons of the difference of Fevers from a morbifick cau&s;e gathered in Man's Bo|dy; for it is as clear as can be, that any man, be he never &s;o well in health, if he go to &s;ome certain places where a Fever rages, &s;hall be taken &s;ick in a few days. And it is &s;carce credible, that any ma|nife&s;t alteration can be made by the Air, in &s;o &s;hort a time, upon the humours in the afore&s;aid man. Nor is it le&s;s difficult to accommodate general rules for conquering the&s;e Fevers, and we may not fix any certain bounds, how far to go and no farther, and where to fix. Therefore in &s;o ob&s;cure an affair, I think nothing better, when new Fevers are fir&s;t a|broad, than to pau&s;e a little, and to proceed, to the great Remedies e&s;pecially, with a &s;u&s;pen&s;e pace and &s;lowly: In the mean time diligently to ob&s;erve their nature and way, and with what &s;ort of Reme|dies the &s;ick are benefited or hurt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> that as &s;oon as may be we put away the&s;e, and u&s;e them.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Manifold experience a&s;certains me, that it u&s;es to fare very well with the &s;ick, in all Fevers, that is, which participate of high inflammation, if they be not always impri&s;oned in their bed, but keep up every day, at lea&s;t &s;ome hours; or if their weakne&s;s forbid that, let them put on their clothes, and lie upon the bed, with their Head high. But how much good &s;oever it doe the &s;ick, we mu&s;t ne|verthele&s;s take notice, that if they keep longer up from their bed than they &s;hould, at one time, they may e&s;pecially in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, ea&s;i|ly fall into running pains, which may end in a Rheu|mati&s;m: And &s;ometims al&s;o they may be overrun with the Jaundice. Which things if they happen to any man, he mu&s;t be confined to his Bed, that the pores of his Skin being open, &s;uch particles may commodiou&s;ly be evaporated, which give fewel to either Evil: But this mu&s;t be onely for a day or two, and not &s;o as to &s;weat. But &s;uch Accidents are very rare, nor do they ever appear except in the declen&s;ion of a Fever, at which time, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is now grown milder, you may with much more &s;afety &s;uffer him to keep his bed always, than either in the beginning, or in the State; yea, at this time it will conduce much to dige&s;t the febrile matter, which if the &s;ick &s;hould be laid up in his bed &s;ooner, would be more enraged and inflamed. For it is certain, the heat is increa&s;ed by what is circumambient, and it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity &s;o be, if the &s;ick keep him&s;elf continually in bed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. If any one do here object, that &s;uch a Me|thod is not &s;o expedient, in that it hinders evacua|tion by &s;weat, whereby the febrile matter then con|cocted, &s;hould wholly be thrown off. I an&s;wer, that he, who is of the contrary opinion, &s;ays no|thing, unle&s;s he can fir&s;t make it out by arguments, that this &s;ort of evacuation is due to every Fever, which is not &s;o ea&s;ie to doe. For Experience, and not Rea&s;on, &s;hews what &s;ort of Fever &s;hould be ca&s;t out by Sweat, what by Purge, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Nay, we have rea&s;on to believe, that there are &s;ome &s;ort of Fe|vers, which Nature throws off in a method peculiar to it &s;elf, without any vi&s;ible evacuation, that is, by reducing the morbifick matter into the ma&s;s of bloud, and by a&s;&s;imilating that to the bloud which before was not &s;o agreeable to it. Which rea&s;on I relying upon, have often in this &s;ort of Fevers, as well as others, pre&s;ently upon the fir&s;t coming, and while all the Bloud was not as yet infected, redu|ced the &s;ame into order, onely by ordering Milk and Water for drink, and forbidding the eating of Fle&s;h, or broth made of the &s;ame, allowing them in the mean time the u&s;e of their con&s;tant exerci&s;e, and the open Air, without making, &s;o much as once, any evacuation at all.</P>
<P N="9">IX. But if we grant, that Nature cannot con|quer the Di&s;ea&s;e by any other method, than by &s;weat, mu&s;t we not under&s;tand &s;uch &s;weats, as break out, when the Di&s;ea&s;e grows weak, and as flow from previous dige&s;tion, and not &s;uch, as being ca&s;t off in the fir&s;t days of the Di&s;ea&s;e, proceed from the in|terrupted Oeconomy of Nature in a rage? Such
<PB N="156" REF="84"> &s;weats, I think, are not to be promoted, but the tumult rather &s;hould be appea&s;ed, to which they owe their Original; and &s;uch &s;weats u&s;ually attend many &s;orts of Fevers, though not all. For neither am I ignorant, that &s;ome &s;orts of Fevers are of that nature, that in their declen&s;ion they require this critical &s;weat. Such are the particular Paroxy&s;ms in intermittent Fevers; and al&s;o the great and mo&s;t frequent Fever in Nature, depending upon that con|&s;titution, which e&s;pecially conduces towards the production of Agues Epidemically. For in the&s;e, if any method be in&s;i&s;ted on, which does not tend to this purpo&s;e, that the morbifick matter may fir&s;t be dige&s;ted, and then ca&s;t out by &s;weat, the Di&s;ea&s;e will be increa&s;ed. Wherefore here no evacuations ought to have place, unle&s;s as they may be able to &s;top the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e in the fir&s;t days, when it &s;eizes a man, le&s;t the Patient &s;ink under the Phy&s;icians care. Be&s;ides, the cau&s;e of a Pe&s;ti|lential Fever, &s;ince it is very thin and &s;ubtile, it may be carried off by &s;weat in the beginning of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, experience every where concurring. But in the&s;e Fevers, in which by the ordinary duct of the &s;ymptomes, although they be left to their own di&s;|cretion, we no where ob&s;erve Nature u&s;ually to evacuate the morbifick matter already prepared in the determinate time, I know not whether he be not over ra&s;h, who thinks to doe any good on the Di&s;ea&s;e by provoking &s;weat, and re&s;tore the &s;ick by that method alone, &s;eeing as the old man teaches, <HI>Where Nature is repugnant, all things are in vain.</HI> And I think this u&s;ually happens in this particular Fever, whereof we treat, which, I am taught by manifold experience, may to my knowledge be driven away without &s;weat. And I know al&s;o, the Patient is brought into manife&s;t danger of his Life oftentimes, while we without any urgent nece&s;&s;ity importunate|ly &s;olicite &s;weat, by the morbifick matter being carried up into the Head. Yet neither in this Fe|ver, nor in any other, even of tho&s;e which u&s;e not to end in a critical &s;weat, if by chance &s;uch a &s;weat come of it &s;elf, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is now dimini|&s;hed, which from the remi&s;&s;ion of all Symptomes, we reckon the effect of due concoction, will the mo&s;t prudent Phy&s;ician contemn it. But when it comes not out of it &s;elf, how can we certainly know, whether we kill not a man, when by regiment and hot cordials we endeavour to di&s;po&s;e the humours to &s;uch &s;weats? But however the ca&s;e be here, I am abundantly &s;atisfied, the Fever onely brings heat enough with it, which may &s;uffice to prepare the febrile humour for coction, and that a more in|ten&s;e one than that need not be cau&s;ed from without by a hot regiment.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris putrida in genere,</HI> or, A putrid Fe|ver in general.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t con&s;ider the different &s;ea&s;ons of the year, rather than the various con&s;titutions of the Sick; where the nature of Autum|nal Fevers is treated on. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the differences of one Year from ano|ther. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h between the Infection and the Matter. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe diver&s;ity in the cure of Fevers that ari&s;es from the different &s;ea&s;ons of the &s;ame year, and al&s;o from the difference of one year from another de&s;erves no le&s;s con&s;ideration, than what ari&s;es from the dif|ferent temperaments of the &s;ick. And truly among the principal rea&s;ons, why the cure of Fevers is &s;o uncertain, and the endeavours even of learned men &s;ucceed &s;o ill, I think this &s;hould be reckoned for one; that Practitioners u&s;e to accommodate their ob&s;ervations, which they have made from the &s;uc|ce&s;sfull cure of one or more Fevers in this or that &s;ea&s;on of the year, to the cure of all Fevers, in any &s;ea&s;on, or any year; a thing which I look on alto|gether as dangerous, as if a Phy&s;ician &s;hould not have re&s;pect to the different tempers of the &s;ick peculiar to each, but &s;hould give the &s;ame Medicine promi&s;cuou&s;ly to all in the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e. Fir&s;t, that I may di&s;cour&s;e of the varying methods of cure, which are accommodated to Fevers in the dif|ferent &s;ea&s;ons of the year, it mu&s;t be con&s;idered, although other differences may be granted among Fevers upon other accounts, yet that they princi|pally differ according to the &s;ubject matter, in which the febrile commotion is made; and that that matter has its difference according to the different di&s;po&s;ition of the bloud, as it is produced by this or that &s;ea&s;on of the year: for the febrile commo|tion, which happens in the Spring time, ari&s;es in the bloud, when all the Spirits are brisk; but the Autumnal one, in the bloud depauperated by the heat of the foregoing Summer, and by the virtue and effects of it. And as a Fever happens to invade the bloud in reference to the nearne&s;s or di&s;tance of the&s;e two &s;ea&s;ons, &s;o the Di&s;ea&s;e participates more or le&s;s of the nature of the fermentation that be|longs to this or that &s;ea&s;on. And what we ob&s;erve in our practice, is agreeable to the&s;e things, name|ly, that all things el&s;e corre&s;ponding, Autumnal Fevers are more dangerous than others, and are accompanied with more dangerous &s;ymptomes, than Vernal ones, becau&s;e the Spirits of the bloud are more evaporated and &s;pent in the Autumnal &s;ea|&s;on, than in the Vernal; which is one rea&s;on, why evacuations, e&s;pecially of bloud (which is not one|ly the Vehicle of the Spirits, but the Storehou&s;e) are &s;o hurtfull in Autumn, though they u&s;e to doe good in the Spring. And may be from this degene|ratene&s;s, which frequently happens to the bloud in Autumnal Fevers, from the forementioned poverty of Spirits e&s;pecially, a poi&s;onous quality is often bred in the bloud, which produces not onely the ill natured &s;ymptomes accompanying the Fever, but &s;ometimes even the Fever it &s;elf: for Nature vio|lently irritated by it, ri&s;es again&s;t it, nor does it begin this new Ebullition for any other end, than to ca&s;t out the &s;aid Malignity; wherefore it lies upon the Phy&s;ician rather to re&s;i&s;t this by help of Alexipharmacks, than to re&s;i&s;t the Fever by evacu|ations and cooling medicines, which Nature &s;eems to have &s;et in Battel array, to conquer the Malig|nancy. We have a remarkable In&s;tance to this pur|po&s;e in the Plague, which if de&s;titute of a Fever, is much more dangerous, than if it have one accom|panying it; and truly every malignity, which &s;eizes the bloud, if it cannot of it &s;elf rai&s;e an Ebullition, or if it can, be hindred in doing it, does of nece&s;&s;i|ty render the Di&s;ea&s;e either mortal or of long con|tinuance; mortal indeed, when in its e&s;&s;ence being contrary to Nature, it corrupts and de&s;troys hu|mane temper by an hidden property; and of long continuance, when, although of its own Nature and occult way of working, it be apt greatly to hurt the body, and by degrees to wa&s;te it, yet it has not the power to kill &s;uddenly. In the mean time that &s;ome malignity, which otherwi&s;e by its pra|vity nece&s;&s;arily cau&s;es death, is &s;ometimes &s;afe, where there is an Ebullition of the Bloud to ca&s;t it out, the Plague it &s;elf does &s;ometimes te&s;tifie. And where no &s;uch Ebullition is, to ca&s;t it out univer&s;ally and every way, there for that rea&s;on the Di&s;ea&s;e is long, as appears in the Scurvey, Pox, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To re|turn to the bu&s;ine&s;s, I have ob&s;erved, that in all &s;orts of People &s;ick of Autumnal Fevers, bloud mu&s;t be let but &s;paringly, and in Per&s;ons not grown, or pa&s;t the flower of their age, not at all. It is dan|gerous to give cooling Medicines, unle&s;s the Fever
<PB N="157" REF="84"> be over high, and the Party young. Vomiting is very nece&s;&s;ary, where there is a propen&s;ity to vo|mit. But in Vernal-fevers bloud may be moderate|ly let in all per&s;ons, and in People in their prime, plentifully. Cly&s;ters and cooling Medicines doe a great deal of good, when the Patient is young, and when the Fever is not declining, nor large bleeding preceded. Vomiting, where there is a propen&s;i|ty, is not ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary, but yet proper e|nough; nor does the omi&s;&s;ion of a Vomit plainly cau&s;e a loo&s;ne&s;s in the declen&s;ion of a Fever. I ne|ver yet ob&s;erved a hard Belly or &s;woln Feet follow Vernal-fevers; but both are very frequent after Autumnal ones, e&s;pecially when bloud has been let plentifully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> if either the Patient were in his child|hood, or had pa&s;&s;ed his prime.</P>
<P N="2">II. Secondly, that we may &s;peak moreover of the difference that ari&s;es among Fevers, from the diffe|rence of &s;ome years from others, and farther, of the cure that belongs to them on that account; we mu&s;t take notice, that the rea&s;on of this difference between the Fevers of one year and another, can|not be given always from manife&s;t cau&s;es, &s;ince it often falls out, that one year is Epidemical as to Fever (not the Plague onely) not le&s;s, but in the ordinary malignity, where we cannot a&s;&s;ign any rea&s;on from badne&s;s of food, nor from inferiour ex|halations putrefying in the Air, nor from the inor|dinate and unequal alterations of the times and &s;ea|&s;ons, inclining to heat and moi&s;ture; but we are forced to confe&s;s this con&s;titution is the product of a malignant and inexplicable de&s;tructivene&s;s of the Air. Nor is it le&s;s difficult in this ca&s;e to find any cer|and determined way of cure, which may exactly an&s;wer to the difference of Fevers, depending on the various temper of the years. Neverthele&s;s I &s;hall not &s;tick briefly to declare what things have offered them&s;elves to our diligent ob&s;ervation. In Autumnal Fevers therefore, which in an Epidemick con&s;titution, and in a year, wherein Di&s;ea&s;es pecu|liar to Autumn (that is, Quartanes, and malignant Tertians) do appear &s;ooner than ordinary, &s;uppo&s;e in <HI>June,</HI> or beginning of <HI>July,</HI> Bleeding is very hazardous. And what I intimated of Autumn (concerning which I was now &s;peaking) Experience te&s;tified it to be true; for for the mo&s;t part of that &s;ea&s;on, it was found mortal, e&s;pecially in the beginning of Au|tumn, unle&s;s the Patients were in their prime, and were able in &s;ome mea&s;ure to bear the lo&s;s of bloud, in which ca&s;e indeed, although it cau&s;ed not death; yet they found the Di&s;ea&s;e long and very dangerous, and attended with mo&s;t cruel &s;ymptomes. Certain|ly, as I remember, the like danger did not offer it &s;elf from other evacuations, and e&s;pecially from tho&s;e that were made by Vomit, which for the mo&s;t part, both in that and other, the like malignant con&s;titutions, had an i&s;&s;ue good enough. But how|ever the&s;e things be, I have long &s;ince learned, that the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t give his advice, as the pre&s;ent oc|ca&s;ion &s;hall require, that is, he mu&s;t accommodate the &s;cene, variegated with &s;o many differences, as much as may be conveniently, by changing his prac|tice now and then, or, altering it a little, accor|ding to the temper of the &s;ea&s;on, and the Patients. In the mean time I can affirm this, that the general method already laid down (as far as I could hither|to gather from attentive ob&s;ervation) does in it &s;elf well enough comprehend the cure of all Fevers, although I am not ignorant, that now and then the different &s;ea&s;ons of the year, or the difference of the years them&s;elves, do hinder, that we cannot fix any certain limits, whither we may go, and no far|ther. It is better certainly, when Fevers begin to rage, diligently to ob&s;erve their violence and way, and by what &s;ort of remedies the &s;ick are helped or hurt, that rejecting the&s;e, we may u&s;e the for|mer. And if that be done, I think in very deed, when we have made &s;ome trial of it, that it will be found, the way of cure hitherto de&s;cribed, does not much mi&s;s the mark: Certainly, as for my &s;elf, I think very &s;eldom to deviate from it, even in malignant Ca&s;es, for which it is very proper, be|cau&s;e it keeps up due fermentation, (Nature's be&s;t In&s;trument,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>) by who&s;e help it expells and throws off all the poi&s;onous matter lurking in the bloud.</P>
<P N="3">III. We mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity di&s;tingui&s;h between the Infection and the Matter. Take away the Infection and the corrupting &s;uperfluity, and the matter of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> &s;elf will not breed a Fever. Common practice ju&s;ti|fies this Doctrine: for how many come every day to us to be cured, who have not onely gathered a Cacochymy in the Veins that ari&s;e from the <HI>Cava,</HI> but in the Me&s;araicks, and fir&s;t ways al&s;o, and are troubled with a great hardne&s;s in one or both the <HI>Hy|pochondria,</HI> without any great Fever? There is no man but will acknowledge that here the matter is large, but the febrile Infection is onely wanting After long Fevers, it is a very common thing for Cachexies and Drop&s;ies to follow, when the Fever is extingui&s;hed. Therefore I do not di&s;tingui&s;h with|out Rea&s;on between the Matter and the Infection, the Infection mu&s;t be expelled by &s;weat, the Matter mu&s;t be taken away by purging and bleeding, and ob&s;tructions, if there be any, in the Bowels mu&s;t be opened. As to the giving of Purges in the begin|ning, this is my opinion, that the putrid and febrile Infection does not give way &s;o well to a Purge, as to a Sweat, and (if I may &s;o call it) a Magnetick Epitheme: And the humours are too much &s;tirred and di&s;turbed by Purgatives, e&s;pecially if they be violent; from both which the&s;e mi&s;chiefs follow; By a Purge, the febrile Infection being left, putre|faction &s;preads the farther, and upon it the Fever it &s;elf is increa&s;ed and prolonged: And by a Sweat the Infection is more deeply imprinted on the hu|mours, and the thinner part being withdrawn, (for this is fitte&s;t for expul&s;ion) the thicker are more clo&s;ely impacted to the ve&s;&s;els, and ob&s;tructions are increa&s;ed, and the Fever abates never the &s;ooner; nay, the Bowels being thereby &s;poiled, and now and then new humours gathered together, mi&s;chief is often heaped upon mi&s;chief. Experience is wit|ne&s;s, which has long &s;ince &s;hewn, that Quartan Agues are oftner exa&s;perated than cured by too much and violent purging. Therefore all diligence &s;hould primarily be intended to the &s;ubtracting of the Infection: And it may the more ea&s;ily be &s;ub|tracted, the &s;ooner a man begins with it, before it have yet got any con&s;iderable &s;trength, before it be thoroughly mixt with the humours, and have deeply infected them, or &s;eized upon &s;ome of the inwards. Since therefore, as appears from what is &s;aid, that Infection may be&s;t of all be thrown out by a Sudo|rifick given inwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Doringius <HI>ad</HI> Sennertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> or an Epitheme applied out|wardly; &s;uch things certainly may by no means be rejected, but, as &s;oon as po&s;&s;ible, be made u&s;e of.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris continua putrida,</HI> or, A Continual Putrid Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In a burning Fever bloud mu&s;t be always let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When bleeding may be repeated? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding hurtfull for &s;ome continual Fevers. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Bleeding is &s;ufficient without Purging, and &s;ometimes Purging without Bleeding. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Burning Fever exa&s;perated by un&s;ea&s;onable and over large Bloud-letting. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometime Bleeding is convenient in the &s;tate of a Burning Fe|ver. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Inciders are not proper before evacuation of the whole. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="158" REF="85">
<ITEM>Whether we may purge in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Acute Fevers the &s;ixth day is not always fit for purging. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t purge in a Burning Fever, according to <HI>Hippo|crates? X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a &s;purious Burning Fever, when a gentle Purge may be gi|ven? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Rheubarb corrected may be given with &s;afety. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time of the Di&s;ea&s;e a Vomit may be given? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Vomit is proper? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The tumult cau&s;ed by it in the humours mu&s;t be appea&s;ed. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Vomiting and Bleeding be both nece&s;&s;ary, bleed fir&s;t. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Cly&s;ters are nece&s;&s;ary? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch they ought to be? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Cordials are proper? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents and very cold things hurtfull in a Burning Fe|ver. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Syrups and Sugar mu&s;t be given &s;paringly? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Emul&s;ions are proper? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When juice of Sorrel may be given? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> mu&s;t be u&s;ed with caution. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Epithemes and other Coolers mu&s;t be applied with a great deal of Caution? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringent and cooling Meats are hurtfull. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep may be allowed. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Fever protracted, and of long continuance. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Care mu&s;t be taken of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> in very acute ones. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>Dia&s;cordium</HI> given in due time. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his cure of a Cholerick Continual Epidemick Fever. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet is proper in a legitimate Burning Fever? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet for a Burning Fever from &s;alt Phlegm. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it be accompanied with a Loo&s;ne&s;s, the Diet mu&s;t be fuller. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Malignant Burning Fever attractorie Broths are proper. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too cooling things &s;ometimes doe hurt. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet of both the continent Fevers. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Putrid Continent what is the time for drink? <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet mu&s;t be larger in this than in one not putrid. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Food made of cooling herbs does hurt in putrid Fevers. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether A&s;tringents may be mixt with food? <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pullets Livers ro&s;ted mu&s;t not be given in Continual Fevers. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>AVicenna</HI> forbids Bloud-letting in a Burning-fe|ver, and a Continual Tertian, unle&s;s the Urine be thick and red: fearing le&s;t the Bile fer|ment the more, who&s;e bridle, he &s;ays, the Bloud is. But this opinion is exploded by the wi&s;er &s;ort, be|cau&s;e Nature her &s;elf often judges &s;uch Fevers by bleeding, and &s;ometimes they produce Phrenzies and other inflammations. Finally, becau&s;e letting Bloud cools powerfully, it rather &s;tops the Ebulli|tion than cau&s;es it, for not onely Bloud, but Bile al&s;o mixt with it is taken away; &s;o that in the ma&s;s, which remains in the Veins, there remains the &s;ame proportion of Bloud to Bile, that was in them be|fore; yea, when the Vein is opened, if the Pati|ent's &s;trength be good, and the Bloud bur&s;t fa&s;t out, onely the putrid, and what is trouble&s;ome to Na|ture, is di&s;charged, the purer remaining in the Veins, which is taken notice of by few Authours, although it be commonly ob&s;erved in practice. For if the Bloud come out of the Vein drop by drop, it is the pure&s;t, which comes out in its proper motion: But if it bur&s;t out violently, the impure and putrid appears, Nature forcing out the wor&s;t part of the ma&s;s of Bloud. Yet Bloud mu&s;t be let more &s;paringly, in very cholerick natures, in the heat of Summer, and about the Dog-days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> than in other Natures and Con&s;titutions. &para; We mu&s;t not tru&s;t the &s;ign from the Urine propo&s;ed by <HI>Avicenna:</HI> for &s;ometimes in a Burning-fever, the Urine has no &s;igns of bloud mixt with it, where a Phrenzie is either pre&s;ent or imminent, and yet then it is mo&s;t nece&s;&s;ary to let Bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primero&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"></NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. If it be needfull to let Bloud for evacuation, it mu&s;t be done the &s;ame day: If for revul&s;ion, on &s;everal. For when we evacuate, e&s;pecially in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, the Body mu&s;t be &s;uddenly changed into another &s;tate: Then it often happens, that the Di&s;ea&s;e pre&s;ently runs through its beginning, &s;o that after|wards we may not &s;o conveniently u&s;e Bloud-letting. But in Revul&s;ion we have re&s;pect to the motion of the humour, which is better done, if at divers times, and &s;ome interval allowed, Nature as it were ac|cu&s;tome her &s;elf to a contrary motion: for in the interval of time the Bloud poured into the parts regurgitates into the Veins, and is u&s;efully drawn out by letting Bloud repeated. I apprehend Bloud-letting &s;hould be repeated, if the Bloud that was fir&s;t taken away be very foul, and plenty of it &s;eem to remain in the Veins. Yea, and though the Bloud appear pure, and not at all corrupt at fir&s;t; yet we mu&s;t not &s;top it, but rather continue it till it ap|pear corrupt. And here <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Rule, <HI>l. de vict. Acut.</HI> concerning the cure of a Pleuri&s;ie, has place, namely, that taking away bloud mu&s;t be continued to the change of colour: So that if corrupt Bloud come at fir&s;t, evacuation mu&s;t be continued till it appear more pure: and on the contrary, if laudable Bloud come at fir&s;t, it mu&s;t be &s;o long drawn out till the impure and corrupt come. Yet in each ca&s;e &s;ome difference mu&s;t be u&s;ed, for if laudable Bloud come fir&s;t, repetition mu&s;t be made in the &s;ame Vein, that the putrid Bloud re&s;iding deep in the Body, may &s;ooner be drawn out: But if putrid Bloud come at the fir&s;t, Bloud mu&s;t be taken from the other Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and con&s;equently either Arm mu&s;t be bled al|ternately.</P>
<P N="3">III. Some after Autumnal-agues fall into continu|al-fevers, for want of purging in the end of the for|mer Di&s;ea&s;e: If you let them Bloud, there is great danger le&s;t the &s;ediment, which the foregoing fer|mentation had let fall, &s;hould be drawn back into the ma&s;s of Bloud, and rai&s;e new trouble. Then in&s;tead of Bloud-letting I u&s;e Cly&s;ters till the twelfth day, if the Patient be young,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and the fermentation over high.</P>
<P N="4">IV. They that undertake the cure of an Acute fever, do at fir&s;t either bleed immediately, and purge the next day: Or, they fir&s;t give a Purge, and after let Bloud. But they doe injury to <HI>Hippo|crates, Galen,</HI> and others, with whom it is frequent to cure Di&s;ea&s;es quietly, with onely one of the&s;e Re|medies. So <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2. <HI>acut.</HI> in a Pleuri&s;ie a&s;cen|ding, onely lets Bloud, in one de&s;cending, he one|ly gives a Purge. And <HI>lib.</HI> 4. In the fir&s;t Burning fever he breaths not a Vein, but is content either with a Vomit, or Cly&s;ter, or a gentle Purge: In another he bleeds, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be high, and the &s;trength good. <HI>Galen in Method.</HI> cures Continent and Continual fevers onely by bleeding, nor does he u&s;e a Purge, unle&s;s a great Cacochymy be joi|ned with it. Which Learned Po&s;terity hath care|fully ob&s;erved. Yea, it often happens, that a Purge, which would be otherwi&s;e nece&s;&s;ary, is omitted af|ter bleeding, becau&s;e of the wa&s;ting of &s;trength, which we fear both from bleeding, and the future agitation of the Phy&s;ick; and in&s;tead thereof a Cly&s;ter may be given every other day, according to the advice of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen.</HI> Sometimes, for fear of &s;trength, we do not bleed, but onely purge, although in re&s;pect of the Di&s;ea&s;e bleeding were proper. Therefore purging mu&s;t not always be joined with bleeding, as if one were u&s;ele&s;s or ineffectual without the other. Fa&s;ting has been &s;uf|ficient for many; Bleeding for others; Purging a|lone not for a few; onely Cly&s;ters for others:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Fereti|us.</NOTE> All which u&s;ed jointly would wa&s;t a Man's &s;trength.</P>
<P N="5">V. I &s;aw a Woman of a full and fat body, who falling into a Burning fever, took the advice of a certain unskilfull Phy&s;ician, who let her Bloud plen|tifully; immediately upon which &s;he grew grievous ill, and was in a far wor&s;e condition; for as Bloud
<PB N="159" REF="85"> abounds in thin bodies; &s;o fle&s;h abounds in the full. Therefore when I was called to the Woman, and found her in extreme danger, I thought all ob&s;er|vations &s;hould be made u&s;e of; that is, tho&s;e to which the care of him that cures ought to be di|rected. Wherefore I recruit her &s;trength by all &s;ort of means, which was long before wa&s;ted, till, when her &s;trength was returned, I thought fit to carry off the matter by a Purge, which I knew abounded in her. Which when I had given my Patient of cold things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Be<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iven<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> the Fever was pre&s;ently extingui&s;hed, and the Woman, who&s;e Funeral was providing, being rightly cured, recovered.</P>
<P N="6">VI. To let Bloud in the very height of an acute Fever, <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;aid, is to kill the Patient; but it is a particular Coun&s;el, not an univer&s;al Precept. In the very height of a Fever, when Permittents are pre&s;ent, and there is danger of the Brain, as to watching, pain, or a <HI>delirium;</HI> &s;ometimes it is not unnece&s;&s;ary to take away Bloud; for the &s;anning and cooling of the Bloud, as it often pa&s;&s;es to and fro, through the per&s;pirable Veins. Burning fevers raging with implacable fury, and threatning hea|vier things, are then lawle&s;s, and admit it even in the State.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> The danger from unbridled plenitude &s;urpa&s;&s;es that which attends un&s;ea&s;onable evacua|tion.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t remember, that in Continual Fe|vers, where there is &s;u&s;picion of ob&s;truction of the pores, whatever things open and incide, are im|proper before Evacuation of the whole.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de vi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">u.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. It is much controverted among Authours, whether Purges may be given in the beginning of Continual Putrid fevers? Which difference, &s;etting a&s;ide the turnings and windings of Di&s;putations, may be thus compo&s;ed; Upon the account of the matter, that immediately produces a Continual Putrid fever, which is contained in the greater Veins; Purging is not convenient in the beginning, unle&s;s it be turgent, that is, unle&s;s it be &s;o &s;tirred by Nature, who is irritated by its ill quality, and endeavours to expell it, that it be thereby much di&s;po&s;ed for excretion. Which, notwith&s;tanding, becau&s;e it &s;eldom happens, its concoction, for the mo&s;t part, mu&s;t be expected, before evacuation of it by Purging Medicines be undertaken. But up|on account of the matter contained in the fir&s;t re|gion, if there be much of it, which may increa&s;e the Fever, burthen Nature, and divert her from the coc|tion of the matter in the Veins, a Purge may be given within a day or two after Bleeding, but it mu&s;t be gentle, and &s;uch as onely evacuates the fir&s;t region. And we know bad and excrementiti|ous humours abound in the fir&s;t region, that is, in the Stomach, Guts, Me&s;entery, or about the Heart, by Thir&s;t, pain of the Stomach, or of &s;ome other part contained in the lower Belly, Loo&s;ne&s;s, and other Symptoms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> upon account whereof Purg|ing &s;ometimes mu&s;t be premi&s;ed to Bleeding.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Vulgar Phy&s;icians, imitating <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who Purged <HI>Cydes</HI> his Son, on the &s;ixth day, Purge all their Patients, that are &s;ick of Continual Fevers, on the &s;ixth day, that a great part of the noxious humour may be withdrawn, before the battel, which the &s;eventh day produces, come on. But this mu&s;t not be done without caution, nor ra&s;hly, for it is material, what the con&s;titution of the di|&s;ea&s;e is. For the &s;eventh day is not critical in all acute di&s;ea&s;es, but in &s;ome the eleventh, in &s;ome the fourteenth, and in others the &s;even and twen|tieth. We mu&s;t know whether the matter be tur|gent, whether there be a great quantity, whether there be any concoction, and whether the fluxions of the beginning are cea&s;ed, or not. All the&s;e things con&s;idered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>Ep<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d.</HI></NOTE> we mu&s;t either Purge or not Purge, according to the common rules, not one|ly on the &s;ixth day, but on the fifth, fourth, third, or even the fir&s;t, if the ca&s;e will allow it. &para; <HI>Andreas</HI> being &s;ick of a Fever, took <HI>Mercury</HI> to Purge him on the &s;ixth day, and it wrought well indeed, ye<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> he was no better, but rather wor&s;e on the &s;event<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> An excellent example indeed; what harm a Purg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> un&s;ea&s;onably given, before concoction of the m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">+ter, does; namely, it increa&s;es Fevers, and of &s;im|ple ones, makes double; of intermittent, continu|al; although the Purge &s;eem to have wrought well to tho&s;e that are by: Nay, &s;ometimes a Man is hurt &s;o much the more, by how much more free|ly he Purges, by rea&s;on &s;uch Stools are cau&s;ed by colliquation. And I have &s;een many, pre&s;ently upon un&s;ea&s;onable Purging, fall into a Con&s;umpti|on: So much ought the common practice of them be avoided, who Purge in all Fevers on the &s;ixth day, when notwith&s;tanding it can be given proper+ly but to a few on that day: Becau&s;e in mo&s;t &s;ick per&s;ons the beginning is over on the &s;ixth day, or near it, and the time of concoction not yet come. And we Purge about this time but &s;eldom,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> yet &s;ometimes for nece&s;&s;ity's &s;ake we doe it.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the &s;econd &s;ort of Burning fever, cau&s;ed by &s;alt Phlegm raging in the greater Veins, <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> 4. <HI>de vict. Acut.</HI> orders <HI>Attractive Broths to be gi|ven;</HI> that is, to mix loo&s;ning Medicines with broth. Wherefore, as in the fir&s;t (which a bilious <HI>Ichor</HI> run|ning through the Venous kind, and e&s;pecially through the outer &s;mall Veins, does breed) he tried to Purge fir&s;t by a Cly&s;ter, and then by A&s;|&s;es Milk, becau&s;e the matter being thin, and rea|dy for motion, it might ea&s;ily be carried off by any gentle Medicine; So in this, wherein the pec|cant humour is &s;alt Phlegm, and far thicker, Purg|ing could not be admini&s;tred by the &s;ame Medi|cines; wherefore it was nece&s;&s;ary to give a Medi|cine, that by its Purgative faculty might draw off the humours: but le&s;t it &s;hould doe hurt by its &s;trength and violence, he orders it to be given in broth. For by this means the &s;altne&s;s of the pec|cant humour is taken off by the broth, and the drine&s;s cau&s;ed by the Fever is corrected; and that which a Purge u&s;ually cau&s;es is much hindred, and the Body is at the &s;ame time al&s;o refre&s;hed. And the noxious humour is partly carried off by virtue of the Medicine that is given, by which evacuation Nature being relieved, can more ea&s;ily judge the di&s;ea&s;e. And he would have the&s;e broths to be given, as often as the Belly is not loo&s;e of it &s;elf, by no means when it is loo&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> com<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> v. <HI>20.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">i.</NOTE> for then the &s;oluti|on of the di&s;ea&s;e is expected from Nature rather than Art.</P>
<P N="11">XI. In a &s;purious Burning Fever, when manife&s;t &s;igns of coction appear, to wit, when the Fever de|clines, &s;ome gentle Purge may be given, more bold|ly than in a legitimate one. And I &s;hould think that in this e&s;pecially <HI>Hippocrates</HI> propounded his at|tractory Broths; &s;o that we &s;hould mix Broth with attractive Phy&s;ick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> or give it pre&s;ently after the Phy&s;ick, to avoid too much heat and drought.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Some reject Rheubarb, becau&s;e it heats: And <HI>Manna</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es, becau&s;e they being &s;weet may ea&s;ily turn to choler. But if Rheubarb be infu&s;ed in cooling Waters or Decoctions, or <HI>Manna</HI> and the other di&s;&s;olved, they can cau&s;e no inconvenience, e&s;pecially if Tamarinds, which are highly commend|ed for this purpo&s;e, be added to the &s;aid decoctions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> or the Pulp of them be given al&s;o.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. If any one inquire at what time of the Fe|ver I would have a Vomit given, I &s;ay plainly I would give a Vomit in the beginning of the Fever, if I might have my wi&s;h; for &s;o we might fore-arm the Patient from tho&s;e horrible Symptoms, which derive their original from the filthy humours lodg|ed in the Stomach and parts thereabout: Yea, and perhaps we may cru&s;h the di&s;ea&s;e in the very &s;hell, which would otherwi&s;e increa&s;e, and grow long-li|ved, to the hazard of the Patient: for it is nou|ri&s;hed by the&s;e &s;aid humours, which being in their &s;ub&s;tance tran&s;mitted to the inner parts of the bo|dy, are mixt with the ma&s;s of bloud, or being made
<PB N="160" REF="86"> wor&s;e by their tarrying there, and infected with a poi&s;onous pravity, and pa&s;&s;ing continually from their <HI>focus,</HI> they breathe a malignant vapour on the bloud. The di&s;ea&s;e <HI>Cholera</HI> gives us an in&s;tance of this, for it &s;ometime happens, that they who endeavour to &s;top the Vomiting un&s;ea&s;onably in that di&s;ea&s;e (whether it be done by <HI>Laudanum,</HI> or by a&s;tringent Medicines) bring on a troop of evils, no le&s;s dan|gerous, when it is &s;topt. For the &s;harp and cor|rupt humours, who&s;e exclu&s;ion &s;hould have been &s;o long let alone, as till they had been &s;ufficiently eva|cuated, being by this means repelled, exerci&s;e their violence and cruelty on the bloud, and kindle a Fe|ver, which, as it u&s;ually is ill-di&s;po&s;ed, and accompani|ed with grievous Symptoms, &s;o it can &s;carce be cured, but by giving a Vomit, though the Patient have then no inclination to it. But if, as it often hap|pens, I be called too late, and &s;o cannot provide for my Patients health, by giving a Vomit in the beginning of the Fever; yet certainly I think it is convenient to doe it at any time of the di&s;ea&s;e, if the di&s;ea&s;e have not &s;pent the Patient &s;o far, that he have not &s;trength to bear the violence of a Vo|mit. Indeed I have not &s;crupled to order a Vo|mit the twelfth day of the Fever, even when the Pa|tient had lo&s;t his inclination to it, and not without &s;ucce&s;s: for I &s;topt a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which hindred the bloud in fini&s;hing its de&s;pumation;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham <HI>de</HI> F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">br.</NOTE> and I &s;hould not &s;cruple at all to give one later, were it not that weakne&s;s forbids it.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. After the Patient is let bloud, I inquire carefully whether he Vomited, or was troubled with any inclination to Vomit, when his Fever took him. It any &s;uch thing had happened, I ever pre|&s;cribe an Emetick, except tender Age, or great weakne&s;s lunder. Certainly it is &s;o nece&s;&s;ary to give it, when &s;uch a propen&s;ity to Vomit has gone before, that unle&s;s that humour be di&s;charged, it will become a &s;ink of many difficult evils, which will create trouble to the Phy&s;ician, through the whole cour&s;e of his cure, whence there is no &s;mall danger. The principal and mo&s;t u&s;ual of the&s;e is a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which follows in the deferve&s;ceny of a Fever, as often as a Vomit, when it was nece&s;&s;ary, was omitted. For in the progre&s;s of the Fever, when Nature has &s;omething conquered the malig|nant humour in the Stomach, and &s;ent it to the Guts, they are &s;o corroded by the &s;harp humour, and by this fountain, that is always running, that a Loo&s;ne&s;s cannot chu&s;e but follow; therefore dan|gerous, becau&s;e the Patient, who is already weak|ned with the di&s;ea&s;e, is made weaker &s;till; and be|&s;ides, in the declination of a Fever, at what time the bloud ought to contract it &s;elf, and exert its &s;trength to perform its office of de&s;pumation, it is wholly hindred by this evacuation. And I have of|ten ob&s;erved, that when a Loo&s;ne&s;s is once come, a&s;tringent Medicines doe little or no good, whe|ther u&s;ed inwardly or outwardly. Neverthele&s;s, I have ob&s;erved, in Fevers which are abroad in the beginning of Spring, that omi&s;&s;ion of a Vomit, al|though a propen&s;ity to it have gone before, does not of nece&s;&s;ity cau&s;e a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which yet at any other time of the year it cau&s;es; therefore then I think the u&s;e of one not &s;o nece&s;&s;ary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> though u&s;e|full.</P>
<P N="15">XV. In the evening after a Vomit has been gi|ven, I always make it my bu&s;ine&s;s to appea&s;e the tumult rai&s;ed in the humours by the Emetick, and to cau&s;e re&s;t; and therefore I order &s;ome Parego|rick Draught at night about the hour of Sleep. <HI>E. g.</HI> Take of Red Popy-water 2 ounces, <HI>Aqua mirabilis</HI> and <HI>Syrupus de Meconio,</HI> each 3 drachms, Sy|rup of Red Popy half an ounce.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Mix them, make a draught.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. This is to be ob&s;erved, if the condition of the Patient require both Bleeding and a Vo|mit, you mu&s;t Bleed before you give a Vomit; for otherwi&s;e, while the Ve&s;&s;els are di&s;tended with Bloud, there is danger le&s;t by violent &s;training to Vomit, either &s;ome Ve&s;&s;el be broke in the Lungs, or the Brain be hurt by violent forcing of the bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;o the Patient be taken with an Apoplexy and dye.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t con&s;ider al&s;o, whether, not|with&s;tanding the foregoing evacuations, the bloud be not even &s;till in &s;uch a heat, that bounds &s;hould be yet &s;et to its efferve&s;cence. In which ca&s;e, that the dangers thence imminent may be avoided, the next day after the Vomit I pre&s;cribe a Cly&s;ter, and order it to be repeated as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion; whereby it often comes to pa&s;s, that the bloud having received vent, its heat is &s;ufficiently brid|led. Unle&s;s we be forced to repeat Bloud-letting once and again, by rea&s;on of a very &s;anguine tem|per, flower of ones age, or an inflammatory di&s;po&s;i|tion brought upon the bloud by drinking too much Wine: But abate the fore&s;aid ca&s;es, and we may well enough repre&s;s the heat by help of Cly&s;ters. Wherefore, if the bloud be over hot, I order a Cly|&s;ter to be given every other day, and to the ele|venth day, or thereabout. Yet if great &s;tore of bloud have been let, or the Patient be old, then I pre&s;cribe none, although the bloud ferment very much: For it is certain, that by u&s;e of them, the &s;trength of the bloud is dimini&s;hed, and the tone of it (if I may &s;o &s;ay) made lax, in&s;omuch indeed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that the work of Nature, in old Men e&s;pecially, is interrupted and hindred.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Concerning Cly&s;ters, it is to be ob&s;erv|ed, that in the beginning, and through the whole cour&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, one mu&s;t be given every, or every other day, if the Belly be not loo&s;e enough, of a decoction of emollients and coolers; yet in a more violent Fever it is better not to add Oils, becau&s;e they are ea&s;ily inflamed. 2. As to Cool|ers, in a decoction for one, onely two or three Pills of Hou&s;leek mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed, becau&s;e it cools mo&s;t powerfully, and u&s;ed in a greater quan|tity, it might &s;poil the Guts. 3. In all Cholerick Fevers Cly&s;ters &s;hould be given not actually hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> but onely a little warm.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. As for Cordials, becau&s;e it is found by ex|perience, that if they be given too &s;oon, they doe con&s;iderable hurt, therefore it is always my care not to give them in the beginning, unle&s;s the Patient be weak with former evacuations, or &s;tricken in years; But upon the twelfth day of the di&s;ea&s;e, when the bu&s;ine&s;s is toward &s;ecretion, I think we may freely indulge them hot Medicines, if we do not fear that the febrile matter may be driven to the principal parts: For at this time, the more I heat, the &s;ooner I ha&s;ten concoction. Nor can I apprehend what Phy&s;icians do mean, when they &s;o often inculcate their rules, about giving Medicines to promote Concoction; and at the very &s;ame time pre&s;cribe Medicines, which may temper the Fever. Indeed the Fever it &s;elf is Nature's In&s;trument, whereby &s;he &s;eparates the impure parts from the pure, which is not &s;o manife&s;t in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e; &s;omething more apparent at the height, mo&s;t apparent in the declen&s;ion; which the Urine does &s;hew. The concoction of the febrile matter &s;ignifies nothing el&s;e, than the &s;eparation of the peccant matter from the &s;ound; therefore, that you may accelerate this, we mu&s;t not be taken up with I know not what Attemperants, but the ef|ferve&s;cence of the Fever mu&s;t be permitted &s;o far, as the &s;afety of the Patient will permit. But when it is toward an end, and in the Declen&s;ion, the Se|cretion being then con&s;picuous, then we mu&s;t fol|low it with hotter things, to accompli&s;h the bu&s;ine&s;s &s;ooner and &s;urer. And this is in truth, to pro|mote concoction of the matter, whereas evacuation and cooling prolong and hinder the cure, as I have often ob&s;erved. If Fermentation proceed aright, de&s;pumation will be fini&s;hed about the fourteenth day; But if you u&s;e any coolers later than that,
<PB N="161" REF="86"> and &s;o by their means the efferve&s;cence be &s;topt, no wonder if the Fever run out one and twenty days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> or longer.</P>
<P N="20">XX. The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t not u&s;e a&s;tringents in a legitimate Burning fever, nor very cold things, &s;eeing for the mo&s;t part it ends in Bleeding, or Sweating: Both which ends &s;uch things do oppo&s;e, and much le&s;s may we u&s;e them in &s;uch as are not legitimate, &s;eeing the humour in this Fever is dif|ficult of concoction; for thick and glutinous phlegm is bred of cold things, which is the rea&s;on that this Fever u&s;ually ends in an Ab&s;ce&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> as <HI>Galen</HI> 4 <HI>de rat. v.</HI> &s;aith.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that Syrup of Violets, and other &s;weet Syrups, mu&s;t not be given alone, both becau&s;e they make the Stomach lax, and al&s;o becau&s;e before they penetrate into the veins, they are converted into a hot vapour by the heat of the Stomach, which afterwards increa&s;es thir&s;t; there|fore a little of &s;ome &s;owre Syrup mu&s;t be always mixt with them, that they may the more ea&s;ily pe|netrate into the veins, and more &s;trongly re&s;i&s;t the febrile heat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; I ab&s;tain on purpo&s;e from Syrups and Con&s;erves in the Plague, and in all Fevers, and in the Bloudy-flux; for becau&s;e Sugar ea&s;ily turns to choler, I certainly know, it affords fewel to the Fever and Bloudy-flux.<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab Heers <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 22.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Galen</HI> 11. <HI>meth.</HI> &s;ays, That for the mo&s;t part the rich are wor&s;e cured, than the poor; for which although he alledge other rea|&s;ons, it is certain, that they who in the&s;e Fevers took Syrups, Con&s;erves, and other things made up with Sugar, did u&s;ually dye. Sugar and Honey are too apt to turn to choler, and &s;o they increa&s;e Fe|vers, and the Symptoms of Fevers. It is there|fore expedient to u&s;e either fre&s;h juices of herbs, or &s;uch as are dried for u&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ob&s;. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> we having for pre|cedents, <HI>Me&s;&s;arias, Bucephalus,</HI> and other mo&s;t learned <HI>Italians.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Emul&s;ions are u&s;ually more gratefull than Juleps, and are then e&s;pecially of u&s;e, when the Fever is accompanied with a dry intemperature of Bowels, or a thin Catarrh, or an Inflammation of the Lungs and parts belonging to breathing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Marti|anus comm. in lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de Diaeta</HI> 164. puts us in mind, that we mu&s;t con&s;ider, what <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in that place &s;ays of Cucumber-&s;eeds, that they moi&s;ten and inflame, becau&s;e they are fat and oily. Thence he concludes, that the Moderns doe ami&s;s, who u&s;e &s;uch &s;eeds to cool: for if Cucumber-&s;eed inflame, becau&s;e fat, Melon-&s;eed may much more doe it, whole fle&s;h, by con&s;ent of all, is le&s;s cold than that of Cucumbers. Therefore, he being Judge, the u&s;e of them in Pti&s;ane, and in Emul&s;ions is not &s;o &s;afe in Fevers, and e&s;pecially where violence of heat pre|vails.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Sorrel Juice is given in acute Fevers promi&s;cuou&s;ly, and at hours and days, wherein Na|ture u&s;es often to move a <HI>Cri&s;is.</HI> Which cu&s;tome I can no ways approve, for then onely a &s;mall quan|tity of things can be u&s;ed, and that boiled, le&s;t Nature be diverted from her office: So if onely an ounce, or half an ounce of the &s;aid juice, well boiled, and clarified by it &s;elf, were u&s;ed, it would quickly be brought into act, and Nature would not be &s;o much hurt by &s;uch things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Poterius.</NOTE> nor have &s;uch an aver&s;ation to them.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Some u&s;e <HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> in burning Fe|vers, and a Dy&s;entery, from 3 grains to 4. But the u&s;e of it is not &s;o &s;afe:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> for it takes away Viri|lity.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Epithems and Inunctions are frequently applied to the Brain, Heart and Liver, when the Fever is come to the &s;tate or declen&s;ion. Before indeed it is not &s;o &s;afe, to cool by applying things: for that we might rather fear, the fire in the Bow|els would be more kindled by <HI>Antiperi&s;ta&s;is</HI> and con&s;ti|pation of the skin. Nor are they altogether &s;o convenient, in my opinion, at any other time (ex|cept, it may be, in the proce&s;s of the declen&s;ion) becau&s;e here they would certainly hinder the free di&s;&s;ipation of abundance of fumes, and therefore would foment the Fever the longer. Applicati|ons indeed plea&s;e the Patient, as long as they af|ford a &s;en&s;e of Cold; but a little after they doe harm, the heat being made hotter by keeping in. I &s;hould think it were better to apply Pigeons, Whelps, Lungs of Animals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to the &s;haven head, brea&s;t, and <HI>Hypchondria,</HI> to the end the &s;umes may be drawn out, whereby cooling is cau&s;ed much more conveniently. But however, &s;o violent a heat does &s;ometimes &s;o weaken the &s;ick, that unle&s;s we allow a mitigation of the heat by outward appli|cation, very bad Symptoms &s;eize a Man, which it is better to prevent by a cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joubertur.</NOTE> not regular (as they call it) for we may, in a little time after, make a|mends for all the harm done. &para; In burning Fe|vers I have found by experience nothing better to abate the heat of the Lungs and Brea&s;t, &s;eeing the le&s;s hot the Lungs are, the le&s;s they heat the attrac|ted Air. Therefore it is abated by moi&s;t and cold things, when the Fever dries the body, and the dri|ne&s;s increa&s;es the acrimony of the heat. And they are made of moi&s;t things, which were fir&s;t invented by me, that is, of Oils, and Water of Pearl Barley, a little boiled, le&s;t it &s;hould ob&s;truct and hinder eventilation by its clammine&s;s, and &s;o a fault be committed wor&s;e than the fir&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius</NOTE> They are made al&s;o of a decoction of the four greater Cold Seeds, or of a Decoction of Cucurbites, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; It is very good to apply cooling Epithems to the Liver, and the whole region of the <HI>Hypochondria:</HI> for they do not onely promote concoction, but they al&s;o amend the intemperature of the Bowels, and hinder the prin|cipal parts from falling into a Con&s;umption. Cool|ing things are al&s;o beneficially applied to the Stones, becau&s;e of the con&s;ent they have with the principal parts. By rea&s;on of the &s;ame con&s;ent with the whole, cooling of the hands and feet does good. Nor do they hinder the evacuation of Excrements; for little flows from the&s;e parts;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> therefore more good than harm comes from cooling of them. &para; Ob|&s;erve that Frontals mu&s;t be taken off on the critical day, that is, on the fourth and &s;eventh,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med.</NOTE> le&s;t they hinder bleeding at the No&s;e, which u&s;ually puts an end to a burning Fever.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. We mu&s;t have a care of very cooling Meats (unle&s;s the violence of the heat, not regard|ing other evils, do require it.) For they both thicken the humours, and &s;top the pa&s;&s;ages. But the whole method of cure either con&s;i&s;ts in extin|gui&s;hing the heat of the humours, or it &s;hews how the boiling humours may tran&s;pire through the body: For a remi&s;&s;ion of the Fever is cau&s;ed by tran&s;piration of the hot humours, which we may at|tempt, either by opening the pores, or an equal di|minution of the humours: Whence it comes to pa&s;s, that over cold and a&s;tringent things, by way of Food (the ca&s;e is otherwi&s;e as to drink) are contrary both to rea&s;on and experience. Where|fore before a <HI>cri&s;is</HI> we may not u&s;e them:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> for it often happens, that <HI>cri&s;es</HI> have a wor&s;e i&s;&s;ue, Nature be|ing made dull by the Cold, and the Pores almo&s;t &s;hut.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Sleep, which is di&s;allowed by &s;everal all the time of the Fever (when the heat tends to the outward parts) le&s;t in it the heat &s;hould turn in|wards, mu&s;t be allowed, becau&s;e it greatly recruits &s;trength. But &s;ince it &s;ufficiently &s;hews, that the heat is drawn outwards, rather than inward in &s;leep, for that people u&s;e to be hotte&s;t, and &s;weat mo&s;t in time of &s;leep, and for that very rea&s;on, and in that it quenches thir&s;t, it likewi&s;e does good; there is no need to fear that, which rather does good, and therefore to keep people from &s;leep, and &s;o weaken them more: Seeing in &s;leep nature is not called from her duty, becau&s;e &s;he is more in|tent upon the concoction of food, for in time of &s;leep &s;he minds concoction le&s;s; but Nature's power is
<PB N="162" REF="87"> not idle in elaborating the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e when a Man is a&s;leep: Yet in the mean time it is better to ab&s;tain from &s;leep in the very fit of a Fe|ver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. If a Fever be protracted, Purging mu&s;t in like manner be repeated, Preparers and Concoct|ers being given between whiles, till the whole Mine be taken away, for avoiding a relap&s;e. Yet this rule wants a re&s;triction: for if after &s;everal repeated Purges, a &s;low Fever continue, which in|&s;en&s;ibly con&s;umes the Patient, and &s;eems to ca&s;t him into a Con&s;umption, it will be the be&s;t way to omit Purging, and to re&s;i&s;t the Fever onely by a cour&s;e of Diet, and altering remedies. For it &s;ometimes hap|pens, where there is &s;ome ill di&s;po&s;ition of the Bow|els, by rea&s;on of the continuance of the Fever, that as long as Medicines are given, &s;o long the Fever will continue; for Nature is wearied, which ga|thering &s;trength again concocts the cau&s;e of the di|&s;ea&s;e, and expells it when concocted. &para; If a right fermentation of the bloud have gone before, the de&s;pumation of the morbifick matter will be whol|ly made within the u&s;ual time: But if cooling Me|dicines, or Cly&s;ters, have been given too late, the Fever will run out a great deal longer, e&s;pecially in elderly Men, that have been ill looked after: To whom I being &s;ometimes called, after they had been &s;ick of a Fever forty days and above, have tried every thing that I might bring a de&s;pumation on the bloud; but the bloud has been &s;o weakned, partly by Age, partly by Cly&s;ters and cooling Me|dicines, that I could never attain my end, either by Cordials, or any other &s;trengthning things; but either the &s;trength of the Fever remained firm, or though the Fever &s;eemed to be gone, the Patient's &s;trength was very low, and well nigh dead. And being deprived of &s;ucce&s;s in other Medicines, I was glad to turn my coun&s;el another way, with no common &s;ucce&s;s, namely, by applying the lively and brisk heat of young per&s;ons to the Sick. Nor is there any rea&s;on that any one &s;hould wonder, why the Patient &s;hould be &s;o much &s;trengthened by this method, though unu&s;ual, and debilitated Na|ture-helped, &s;o that &s;he may di&s;charge her &s;elf of the relicks of the matter to be &s;eparated and di&s;|charged; &s;ince one may ea&s;ily imagine, that good &s;tore of brisk <HI>effluvia</HI> is transfu&s;ed from a &s;ound and lively body into the exhau&s;ted body of the Sick. Nor could I ever find, that the repeated ap|plication of warm clothes was in any mea&s;ureable to doe that, which the method now pre&s;cribed did perform, where the heat applied is more connatu|ral to Man's body, and al&s;o gentle, moi&s;t, equal and la&s;ting. And this way of tran&s;mitting Spirits and Vapours, it may be Bal&s;amick ones, into the Sick Man's Body, from the very time when I made u&s;e of it, although at fir&s;t it &s;eemed &s;trange, has been made u&s;e of by others with great &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. In the cure of very acute and pernicious Fe|vers, we mu&s;t take diligent notice of this, that they are &s;eldom cau&s;ed, without &s;ome inward and peculiar di&s;affection of &s;ome of the Inwards, and often with an Inflammation. Wherefore the cure of the <HI>Hypo|chondria,</HI> Head, Brea&s;t, Womb, Kidneys and Blad|der,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> mu&s;t never be omitted, that by &s;ome means or other we may find out, which of the&s;e parts is re|markably ill, and may help it as much as may be. &para; As &s;oon as I find a great burning in people in a Fever, if &s;igns of an inward inflammation, which I diligently inquire, do not appear; yet I think of &s;ome &s;uch di&s;affection, and I direct the cour&s;e of my cure thither, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Scarce ever any one of tho&s;e Fe|vers appears, that burn violently, &s;o as to have the tongue burnt, or wherein the Belly voids adu&s;t &s;tuff; but &s;ome of the inner Bowels e&s;pecially, &s;uf|fers an inflammation, <HI>Eryfipelas,</HI> or at lea&s;t &s;ome over-heating: And they are perceived by &s;ome remarka|ble hardne&s;s, &s;welling, pain or heat in that region, where the inward part is &s;eated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. But if by rea&s;on of much lo&s;s of bloud, which the Patient has &s;u&s;tained in the method of his cure, or through often Vomiting or going to Stool, or becau&s;e for the pre&s;ent the Fever is quite off, or becau&s;e of his weakne&s;s, or of the age of the Fever already declining, there now remains no more danger of rai&s;ing an Ebullition for the future, then, &s;etting a&s;ide all fear, in&s;tead of a Paregorick draught, I give a pretty large do&s;e of <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> either without any thing el&s;e, or mixt with &s;ome Cor|dial-water. It is certainly an excellent Medicine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> if it be given in &s;uch a quantity as may make up a Medicine, rather than an empty title.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. To the con&s;titution of a Continual Fever we require, that its Cau&s;e be either in the Ve&s;&s;els that carry the Bloud, and &s;o in the Bloud it &s;elf, and the multifarious parts of it, or &s;uch other part of the Body, as has continual commerce with the Bloud, and &s;o with the Heart it &s;elf; but &s;o, as that it cannot be hindred, or interrupted, unle&s;s wholly, nor be re&s;tored again at certain times (which u&s;ually happens in Agues) by internal cau|&s;es. We add, that the Bloud may be &s;o affected, &s;ometimes by external, &s;ometimes by internal cau|&s;es, that it may produce a continual Fever. Among the external cau&s;es of this Epidemick Fever, I ob|&s;erved the Air was then very hot, and it penetra|ting as well the skin on all hands, and therefore the Bloud it &s;elf, as being drawn into the Lungs, and there joined to the Bloud, did not kindly temper it again, as it was in a ferment, according to Nature; but by communicating to it its fiery and &s;aline vo|latile parts, it di&s;&s;olved, melted and rarefied it too much, and &s;o it greatly vitiated the vital Efferve&s;|cency in the heart, with its additional heat, and produced a continual Fever. Among internal cau|&s;es I blamed Bile bred of the &s;ame fiery and &s;a|line-volatile parts of the Air; but made more &s;harp, volatile and abundant by the &s;harp ones: and there|fore cau&s;ing a vitious efferve&s;cency as well in the &s;mall Guts, as the Heart it &s;elf, and indeed joined with notable heat, and therefore without doubt a Fever. The various, and in many re&s;pects viti|ous humours, which mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be pro|duced by the whole ma&s;s of Bloud, being by little and little corrupted, could not &s;o well be called the cau&s;e of the Continual Fever, that was then &s;o ri&s;e, as of the various Symptoms, which did many ways vex divers Patients. The Cure therefore of the Continual Fever, as &s;uch, ought to con&s;i&s;t, 1. In avoiding or correcting the bad Air. 2. In tempering the &s;harp Bile, fixing the volatile, and dimini&s;hing the abundance of it. 3. In modera|ting, &s;topping and reducing to its natural temper the vitious efferve&s;cency, that is indeed joined with a notable and trouble&s;ome heat. 4. In gently coa|gulating the Bloud too much di&s;&s;olved, conden&s;a|ting the too much rarefied, and cooling it, when over-hot, or reducing it to a laudable integrity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius.</NOTE> when it is otherwi&s;e vitiated. &para; But though in the cure of our Fever we made no mention of Bloud-letting (becau&s;e we could very well want it, and &s;everal have been happily cured without it) yet it is not to be contemned, &s;ince e&s;pecially it is u&s;efull to temper the heat of the Bloud, and to prevent Suffocation in Plethorick per&s;ons. There|fore it may be u&s;efull for Plethorick per&s;ons, for young people, for tho&s;e that are u&s;ed to it, for tho&s;e that are &s;en&s;ible of much heat, for tho&s;e that de&s;ire it, and for tho&s;e, who,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> in their imagi|nation, conceive great benefit from it.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in a Legitimate Burning-fever, allows as much Water and Honey boiled (there mu&s;t be &s;tore of Water) as the Patient &s;hall de&s;ire, and he carries the Patient with this drink to the hour of the <HI>cri&s;is:</HI> This is clear, becau&s;e 4 <HI>de v. Acut.</HI> he writes in this manner; <HI>And,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>unle&s;s the cri|tical days be over, you &s;hall not give Broths:</HI> Under&s;tand with <HI>Galen,</HI> if the Patient's &s;trength &s;eem good. But
<PB N="163" REF="87"> if you be not confident of his &s;trength, that he may be able to endure to the hour of <HI>cri&s;is</HI> with drink alone; or though the &s;trength be good for the pre&s;ent, yet if you fear a future imbecillity, or be|cau&s;e he is of a thin habit, or accu&s;tomed to a full diet, you mu&s;t give him &s;uch a &s;ort of food; Boil Pearl barley in Spring-water, which is &s;etled, either by boiling, or long &s;tanding; let there be one part Barley, and twenty of Water, boil it till the Bar|ley &s;well and bur&s;t. (This drink may be the Pa|tients diet, where &s;trength is good, without fear of weakne&s;s.) Put it in a thin cloth, &s;train it hard, &s;o as to cau&s;e the heart of the Barley to go out; mix this with &s;tore of Water, to make a thin broth of it, and give it with a little Sugar: If you mix a little &s;harp Syrup of Vinegar, &s;o as to make the &s;aid broth a little &s;owre,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus,</HI> de Victu Febr. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> you will make mo&s;t ex|cellent food for this Fever.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. If a Burning fever come from &s;alt phleg|matick matter, the Patients mu&s;t be fed with a thick|er diet, namely, thin Broth; Drink is not a Diet &s;ufficient for &s;uch. Wherefore you &s;hall u&s;e Broths after this manner; if there be &s;trength, and the habit &s;uch, as that the Body wa&s;ts not ea&s;ily, and the Man be accu&s;tomed to live &s;paringly in his health: Let him take Broth made of the heart of the Bar|ley, with Syrup of Vinegar, in the manner as is afore&s;aid. This Diet (and the like) you mu&s;t un|der&s;tand is convenient for them that are not &s;ick of a malignant burning Fever, which is known by the continual chillne&s;s of the extreme parts. Give there|fore to them that are &s;ick of a burning Fever from &s;alt phlegm, Broth of Barley, or of Bread thrice wa&s;hed, putting a good quantity of Syrup of Vine|gar, &s;o as it may be very &s;en&s;ible to the Palate. But if the faculty be weak, or if the habit of the Body, or cu&s;tome give &s;u&s;picion of future weakne&s;s, or if there be a Loo&s;ne&s;s from the beginning, wa&s;ting the Body, we may give Broth made of a Chicken, boil|ed on a &s;low fire, adding to it Prunes, and prepared Barley, with as many Kernels of a &s;owre Pomegra|nate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> as you can take in your hand.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. But we mu&s;t know, that when a burn|ing Fever is bred of &s;alt phlegm, if it be accom|panied with a Loo&s;ne&s;s from the very fir&s;t, it &s;pends the &s;trength of Nature much. Wherefore they &s;tand in need of a thicker Diet, who are &s;ick of &s;uch a Fever, e&s;pecially if they be of a thin habit, and u&s;ed to eat plentifully: Becau&s;e the nature of a Man that is &s;ick of &s;uch a Fever, is wa&s;ted by the pravity of the Symptoms, and the &s;tubborn re&s;i&s;t|ence of the humour, which will not yield to the concoctive faculty.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does mo&s;t wi&s;ely advi&s;e 4. <HI>de rat. v. acut.</HI> to give attractory Broths in the cure of a malignant burning Fever, that is, he would have us mix Broth with a Purge, that draws: for he could not give a better name to a Purge mixt with Broth, than one compounded of either Simple. So <HI>Galen,</HI> in the Cure of an Inflammation of the Liver, u&s;es Bark of Hellebore, Mercury and Fern in Pti|&s;ane, and it is no vulgar rule in a violent or malig|nant Fever; Namely, when Purging is very nece&s;|&s;ary, and the Phy&s;ician is afraid, becau&s;e of the weak|ne&s;s of his Patient, he will doe advi&s;edly, if, when he would give a Purge, he give it his Patient in Broth: For &s;o the Phy&s;ick will move him le&s;s, and will al&s;o heat and dry him the le&s;s, all which things happen in a violent and malignant Fever. Be&s;ides, a Purge &s;o given le&s;s wa&s;ts the &s;trength of Nature. In a malignant or pe&s;tilent Fever it is the be&s;t way of giving a Purge, than which there is no other more &s;ure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> and with le&s;s damage.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Some Phy&s;icians do give the Pulp of Cucumber or Citrul in both the burning Fevers; others, Lettuce, Pur&s;lain; others, Almond-milk, Endive with Vinegar, or Juice of unripe Grapes, or of Berberies, or of Citron; but as much adver&s;e as A&s;tringents are to a legitimate burning Fever, &s;o much are powerfull Coolers to a ba&s;tard one; which you may under&s;tand chiefly from this rea|&s;on; A legitimate burning Fever ends in Bleeding or Sweating, as we learn from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> but what things are over potently cold, and they that bind, oppo&s;e both ends. That exceeding cold things are not convenient for a ba&s;tard one, is manife&s;t from rea&s;on, becau&s;e the humour of this Fever is diffi|cult of Concoction, and for this rea&s;on e&s;pecially, becau&s;e it is a cold, glutinous and thick Phlegm, that cau&s;es this Fever, wherefore this Fever u&s;ual|ly ends in an Ab&s;ce&s;s, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 4. <HI>de rat. v.</HI> writes; therefore any one may perceive that very power|full Coolers are incommodious to this Fever: But A&s;tringents, unle&s;s given upon the account of a Sym|ptome, make both the &s;orts of burning Fevers per|nicious, or of an ill <HI>cri&s;is.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"></NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. The &s;ort of Diet in both the Conti|nent Fevers, is like to that we &s;aid was convenient for a burning Fever. For &s;ince both of them is a Fe|ver, that has no intermi&s;&s;ion, it indicates, the Pati|ent mu&s;t be kept with drink. And, becau&s;e this Fe|ver &s;eldom happens with a weak faculty, or a hot and dry con&s;titution, nor with a thin habit of body; for this rea&s;on we inquire in this Fever onely con|cerning the Cu&s;tome; whom therefore you &s;hall know to have lived &s;paringly in their health, them you mu&s;t onely nouri&s;h with drink.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <HI>5,</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. In a putrid Continent we mu&s;t ob&s;erve before Bleeding, Purging or a Cly&s;ter, Barley-wa|ter mu&s;t not be given for a good &s;pace of time, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> teaches.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. We mu&s;t not forget, that in this Conti|nent one from Putrefaction, the Diet &s;hould be a little more &s;olid: For a di&s;po&s;ition from the cor|ruption of humours indicates increa&s;e of food, ac|cording to <HI>Galen, aph.</HI> 8. Moreover, Nature &s;ooner &s;inks under a Fever and Putrefaction &s;eizing a man together, than under a Fever alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. Our younger Phy&s;icians make their Meat in continent Fevers of Gourds, Spinage, Lettuce, Pur&s;|lane and Pulp of Citruls. But &s;ince the&s;e are very acute Fevers, Nature cannot undergo them long; for a <HI>cri&s;is</HI> comes quickly, wherein either Nature conquers or is conquered, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> writes, Therefore the Phy&s;ician ought with all his dili|gence to take care, that he indi&s;po&s;e not the ways either of the humour or the body to a <HI>cri&s;is.</HI> But a Diet of cooling Herbs may &s;ooner doe this than a|bate the fiery quality of the humour, or quench the Patient's thir&s;t, which can &s;carce be laid by drinking a great quantity of cold water at one draught. Therefore in continent Fevers it is to be feared, le&s;t a Diet of the&s;e very cooling Herbs cau&s;e either Death or an ill <HI>cri&s;is</HI> by indi&s;po&s;ing both the body and humours of the &s;ick for Bleeding at the No&s;e and Sweating.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="41">XLI. <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, <HI>there are &s;ome who will allow Ju|jubes and Vetches with Vinegar, and with Pomegranates, and with Sumach, when they have an intention to thicken the Bloud, or when Nature is too &s;oft.</HI> And he &s;ubjoins, <HI>And if any of the&s;e things be feared, becau&s;e of their binding; le&s;t, name|ly, it &s;hould make the Belly co&s;tive, its A&s;triction may be bro|ken with Prunes or &s;ome &s;uch thing, and he may then be fed with Meat made of Gourds and Sorrel. And a cold Sallet is good made of Sorrel, Endive and Lettuce.</HI> But it may be &s;ome one may object, What advantage of any mo|ment can follow the thickning of the Bloud in a continent Fever, that for its &s;ake he dur&s;t mix <HI>Su|mach</HI> in Sallets in &s;uch a Fever? Yet he &s;eems to have allowed it for a twofold rea&s;on, namely, either for thickning, or on account of a Symptome, as when the Belly is loo&s;er than it &s;hould; But for the thickning of the Bloud, I think it by no means proper: For it &s;eems not the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician, in a Flux that comes either from the whole or from &s;ome one part unto another, to t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">icken the bilious Bloud with things that are ve|ry a&s;tringent, le&s;t perhaps we detain a &s;uperfluous
<PB N="164" REF="88"> humour, when it is on motion, in &s;ome part of greater moment, or le&s;t we fix that firmer which is in the part affected already. Now, in a conti|nent Fever, the boiling Bloud &s;wells high; like Water boiling in a Pot; you may abate the heat of this, and not take away the fire, if you &s;lack|en the fiery quality from the water; and this you may doe, either by pouring in cold water, or by uncovering the Pot, that it may be cooled by the Air. So al&s;o in a continent Fever, we may either abate the hot humour by drinking cold Water, or we mu&s;t endeavour that the boiling fumes may free|ly tran&s;pire through the pores of the body; and this is the &s;urer way to health, for a remi&s;&s;ion of the Fever may be cau&s;ed by the tran&s;piration of the fermenting humours, which may be done two ways, either when the pores of the whole are opened, or the humours are equally dimini&s;hed, as <HI>Galen, in m. m.</HI> teaches. But A&s;tringents, among which <HI>Sumach</HI> is a very violent one, they are &s;o far from making per&s;piration free, that they hinder it, by &s;topping the body: for of the three cau&s;es that hinder tran&s;piration, &s;topping of the body is one. Therefore from the&s;e things it is manife&s;t, that <HI>Sumach,</HI> and other A&s;tringents are too much enemies to continual Fevers, becau&s;e they hinder tran&s;pira|tion, which is a cau&s;e of the remi&s;&s;ion of Fevers. We may u&s;e &s;uch as are moderate, upon the account of a Symptome.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. Some give Pullets Livers ro&s;ted, after Broth, to them that are &s;ick of a continual Fever, which I do not at all approve. For Meat &s;tays a long time in the Stomachs of &s;ick people, which is no &s;mall occa&s;ion why it is corrupted. Be&s;ides, a ro&s;ted Liver mu&s;t be reckoned among drying Meats, wherefore it is not proper for one in a Fever, an ar|gument whereof is Thir&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ibid.</NOTE> which it cau&s;es.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris intermittens in genere,</HI> or, An Ague in general.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The times of the Fits mu&s;t be di&s;tingui&s;hed. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vernal differ from Autumnal ones in their nature and their cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nature of Vernal Agues. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their manner of Cure. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Autumnal ones are &s;tubborn. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Indications for Cure. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In tender Age the cure of Autumnal Agues mu&s;t be committed to Nature. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of curing them in elder years. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When is the time for Vomits? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Ague is over, although Purging be nece&s;&s;ary, we mu&s;t not doe it ha&s;tily. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomiting, Purging and Bleeding, in what manner they doe good? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may &s;top the Fit? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his method of Cure. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud-letting be always nece&s;&s;ary in them? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nece&s;&s;ity of moving Sweat. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Cure we mu&s;t look rather upon the ob&s;tructing Phlegm, and the fault of the Pancreatick Juice, than upon the diver|&s;ity of Humours. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Empirical Cure by Febrifuges and the Je&s;uites Bark. <HI>XVII, XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Specifick Purgatives. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Febrile Efferve&s;cence is &s;topt divers ways. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Willis</HI> his Indications for Cure. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether one may bleed in the cold Fit? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Purge, given before the Fit comes, ha&s;tens the Cure of the Ague. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether an Indication for Bleeding and Purging can be right|ly taken from the &V;rine? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time we may breath a Vein? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Antimonial and Mercurial Medicines doe a great deal of good. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge exactly in Autumnal Agues. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some cured by giving Wine and Salt. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> in the beginning of a Fit. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THAT we may make at lea&s;t &s;ome conjec|ture about the Nature and Di&s;po&s;ition of Agues, we mu&s;t take notice that the&s;e three things ought to be con&s;idered in a Fit: 1. The time of Shaking. 2. Of Ebullition. 3. Of De&s;pumation. As to Shaking, I think it ari&s;es hence, becau&s;e the febrile matter, which being not as yet turgent was after a &s;ort a&s;&s;imilated by the ma&s;s of bloud, is now at length not onely u&s;ele&s;s, but become an e|nemy to Nature, does in a manner exagitate and provoke it; whence it comes to pa&s;s that, being ir|ritated by a certain natural &s;en&s;e, and as it were en|deavouring flight, it rai&s;es a Shivering and Shaking in the body, a true Witne&s;s of its Aver&s;ation: Ju&s;t as purging Potions, taken by &s;queami&s;h Per&s;ons, or Poi&s;ons, &s;wallowed unawares, u&s;e pre&s;ently to cau&s;e a Shivering and other Symptomes of that na|ture. Nature therefore being irritated in this man|ner (that I may come to the time of Ebullition) that &s;he may the more ea&s;ily keep this enemy from her Throat, falls upon Fermentation, namely, an u&s;ual Engine, which it is accu&s;tomed to make u&s;e of in Fevers and &s;ome other acute Di&s;ea&s;es, when it endeavours to free the ma&s;s of bloud from inbred enemies: for the disjoined parts of this peccant matter, which were equally mixt with the bloud, do, by the benefit of this Efferve&s;cency, begin in &s;ome &s;ort to be gathered together, and &s;o may the more ea&s;ily be wrought upon, &s;o as to become fit for De&s;pumation. By the name of De&s;pumation I would have nothing el&s;e under&s;tood, than the Ex|pul&s;ion or Separation of the febrile matter now brought under and as it were conquered. And what is &s;eparated, has the nature partly (as we may ob|&s;erve in other Liquours) of Yea&s;t, and partly of Lees. But the Fit returns, becau&s;e the febrile mat|ter is not as yet all gone, but as young Bees grow up in&s;en&s;ibly at &s;et times, &s;o this latent matter, ac|cording to the nature of the Fits,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> Tract. de Febribus, p. <HI>69.</HI></NOTE> &s;hews its head again, and creates Nature a new trouble, running over the &s;ame cour&s;e, which we have &s;hewed be|fore.</P>
<P N="2">II. And of Agues, &s;ome belong to the Spring, others to Autumn. For although &s;ome ari&s;e in the intermediate &s;ea&s;ons; yet, becau&s;e they are not &s;o frequent, and may be reduced to the former (to tho&s;e namely, which they are neare&s;t to) I &s;hall there|fore comprehend them under the&s;e two kinds. And indeed this di&s;tinction of Agues is &s;o nece&s;&s;ary, that unle&s;s in our practice we take notice carefully of it, we can neither make our progno&s;tick aright how long they will la&s;t, nor keep our Patients bodies under a right regiment, with re&s;pect to the diffe|rent nature both of the Sea&s;ons and the Agues. It is true indeed, the Agues of each Sea&s;on have their nature not altogether unlike, whether you con&s;ider the manner of their fir&s;t coming, which fir&s;t be|gins with Shivering, by and by bur&s;ts out into Heat, and at la&s;t ends in a Sweat; or the difference of their Types, in re&s;pect whereof there are &s;ome Tertians both Spring and Fall; yet, in the mean time I do not doubt, but the&s;e Fevers are fully di|&s;tingui&s;hed in their nature, or e&s;&s;entially.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>72.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. And, that I may fir&s;t &s;peak of Vernal Agues, they are all either Quotidians or Tertians, and they come either &s;ooner or later, according to the va|rious di&s;po&s;ition of the &s;ea&s;on. For in Winter time the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pirits are concentrated, and in their rece&s;s ga|ther &s;trength to them&s;elves, which being now brisk, the heat of the approaching Sun draws out, and be|ing mixt with the vi&s;cid humours (yet they are not &s;o vi&s;cid, as tho&s;e the heat of the foregoing Autumn has boiled and ro&s;ted) which Nature, during Win|ter,
<PB N="165" REF="88"> had gathered in the ma&s;s of bloud, while they endeavour to fly away, are kept implicated, and as it were intangled, and &s;o they cau&s;e the Vernal E|bullition: After the very &s;ame manner as Ve&s;&s;els full of Beer, and &s;et long in a cold Cellar, if they be &s;et near the fire, they pre&s;ently begin to work, and the Liquour is apt to fly; The Bloud being in this manner affected, endeavours the Purging of it &s;elf, and by the help of volatile Spirits does the bu&s;ine&s;s &s;oon enough, unle&s;s perhaps it be too full of vi&s;cid juices, which may hinder the fermentati|on begun: And though this happen; yet the Ver|nal Efferve&s;cence is &s;eldom continual and con&s;tant, but is u&s;ually parted into &s;everal fits. For the Bloud being now turgid with the&s;e rich Spirits, Nature falls to her work as it were in ha&s;te, and makes a &s;e|cretion of &s;ome parts by particular Paroxy&s;ms, af|ter the manner of perfect &s;olution, before &s;he fi|ni&s;h univer&s;al &s;eparation. And this &s;eems no impro|per rea&s;on why in Spring-time, e&s;pecially that part of it which is neare&s;t Summer, we meet with few continual Fevers (unle&s;s perhaps the con&s;titution be Epidemick) for the fermentations, that then ari&s;e, are either quickly laid, or ha&s;ten to an intermi&s;&s;i|on; or finally, the parts of the humours being more prone to &s;eparation, are too ha&s;tily and with &s;ome violence tran&s;lated to another place, from whence by and by Quin&s;eys, Peripneumonies, Pleu|ri&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> do grow, &s;hewing their heads e&s;pecially in the latter end of Spring.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>73.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Therefore we may undertake the&s;e Agues various ways, and indeed with de&s;ired &s;ucce&s;s, as it is abundantly manife&s;t to me from frequent ob&s;er|vation. Sometimes a Vomit given in &s;ea&s;on, name|ly, that it might doe its work before the fit, &s;uc|ceeded well, e&s;pecially if you give a large do&s;e of <HI>Dia&s;cordium</HI> when the Vomit has done working, im|mediately before the fit comes. Sometimes you may ob&s;erve Health recovered by Diaphoreticks, which may provoke Sweat ari&s;ing in the end of a fit, covering the Patient well with clothes. And it mu&s;t be done as much, and as long, as the Pati|ent's &s;trength will bear it, and this has often done the work in Spring-agues, e&s;pecially in Quotidians. For the humours in this &s;ea&s;on not being very thick, the &s;olution, that would otherwi&s;e be imperfect, grows to a perfect one, which indeed never hap|pens in the Autumn. What &s;hall I &s;ay, for that I have cured Tertians &s;ometimes by the benefit of a Cly&s;ter, given on the intermi&s;&s;ion days, for three or four days together? Neverthele&s;s, if tho&s;e Spi|rits be depauperated and weakned, which &s;hould &s;uddenly make them&s;elves ready for de&s;pumation, either by rea&s;on of Phlebotomy celebrated with too liberal a hand, to which the &s;ea&s;on it &s;elf ea&s;i|ly inclines the unwary, or through &s;ome antece|daneous weakne&s;s of the Patient, it may &s;o hap|pen, that the&s;e Vernal-agues may vye in length with the Autumnal; but, indeed, they la&s;t not quite &s;o long, becau&s;e they either end of them&s;elves, or are more ea&s;ily cured with light Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>74.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. But Autumnal-agues are not &s;o ea&s;ily remo|ved. If the Autumnal con&s;titution be Epidemick, they u&s;e to come about the latter end of <HI>June:</HI> If not, they tarry till <HI>Augu&s;t</HI> and the beginning of <HI>Sep|tember,</HI> in the following months they more rarely occur. A&s;&s;oon as a great troup of them comes to|gether, you may ob&s;erve the fits to come all at one and the &s;ame hour of the &s;ame day; the fits &s;ome|times preventing and &s;ometimes po&s;tponing, in the like manner and the &s;ame tenor, unle&s;s it &s;o hap|pen, that this order be altered or perverted in &s;ome bodies by Medicines which have a faculty of &s;top|ping or ha&s;tning the fit. In re&s;pect of their Types they are either Tertians or Quartans, and it may &s;afely be &s;aid of Quartans, that they are the genu|ine off-&s;pring of Autumn: Truly they are &s;o near of kin one to another, that they are oftentimes found to take their turns, at lea&s;t for a time, and it may be pre&s;ently they will return to their wonted <HI>Geni|us:</HI> But Vernal Tertians never put on the Types of Quartans, for they are as far different as Heaven and Earth. Nor farther have I ever ob&s;erved a Quotidian come at that &s;ea&s;on, unle&s;s one will have a double Tertian or a treble Quartan in accurate &s;peaking &s;o called. Now, I &s;uppo&s;e, the&s;e Agues derive their original in this manner; namely, as the year comes on, the bloud al&s;o is exalted accor|ding to the rated proportion (ju&s;t as all Vegeta|bles &s;hew the cour&s;e of the year by their increa&s;e and declen&s;ion) till they come to their height and utmo&s;t vigour: Then proceeding in parallel moti|ons with the &s;ea&s;ons of the year, and as the year declines, it al&s;o begins to be relaxed, and then e|&s;pecially when it is promoted by any accidental cau&s;e, &s;uppo&s;e by immoderate lo&s;s of bloud, ta|king cold, by crude and excrementitious meats, un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of bathing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Now if the bloud, con&s;tituted in this &s;tate of decidence, decay &s;o far, as that it is not able to maintain its oeconomy, and protect its fortunes with its pre&s;ent &s;tock, Nature, taking new advice, does at length incline to this, that it may prepare a certain new texture for the effoete ma&s;s, and &s;o endeavours an alteration of af|fairs, &s;o contriving it, that the parts of the ma&s;s of bloud, which are mo&s;t &s;ub&s;ervient to change, may conveniently be &s;eparated. And hither tends the ebullition that was now cau&s;ed, which &s;eizing the bloud &s;ometimes, when it is very degenerate, the Fever ari&s;ing from thence u&s;es to be untoward, and full of malignant and horrible &s;ymptoms. How|ever this comes to pa&s;s, that the bloud being &s;poi|led of a great part of its &s;pirits, and much burnt by the foregoing Summer, performs its ebullition but by &s;low motions, and requires a very long pe|riod for its de&s;pumation.</P>
<P>Now, that it may appear how difficultly the&s;e Fevers admit a Cure, it mu&s;t be con&s;idered in this place, that the difference of continual Fevers in this &s;ea&s;on and of Agues con&s;i&s;ts e&s;pecially in this, that continual Fevers con&s;tantly carry on the effer|ve&s;cency in one and the &s;ame tenour, when once it is begun, and Agues perform the &s;ame at &s;everal turns and divers times. In the mean time fermen|tation is performed in both by Nature's duct in the &s;pace of 336 hours or thereabouts: for the ma&s;s of bloud in a humane body is not u&s;ually purged &s;oon|er or later than &s;o, if you leave the bu&s;ine&s;s to Na|ture, ju&s;t as Cider, Wine and Beer, have each of them their peculiar period, wherein they are de|purated. And although in Agues the bloud &s;ome|times (as it happens in a Quartan) endeavour its de&s;pumation in the &s;pace of &s;ix months, and at length perfect it; yet (if you calculate aright) there is not more time &s;pent in performing it, than what naturally u&s;es to be &s;pent in continual Fevers, for 14 times 24 hours, or 14 natural days, make 336 hours; namely, allowing 5 hours and an half to every fit of a Quartan, you will have in a Quar|tan the value of 14 days, that is, of 336 hours. Now if any one &s;hould &s;ay, a Quartan, for ex|ample (for the like account is to be under&s;tood of other Agues) &s;ometimes runs out beyond the &s;pace of &s;ix months, before it fini&s;hes its period: I an|&s;wer, that the &s;ame thing is u&s;ually &s;een in conti|nual Fevers, which are often protracted beyond 14 days: And in either ca&s;e, if you have a care that the efferve&s;cency (e&s;pecially towards the end of Fevers) go on well and in good order, and be kept up brisk, de&s;pumation will be fini&s;hed within the &s;pace of time afore&s;aid, that is, in 14 days or 336 hours: But if at that time (that is, towards the declination of the Fever) you un&s;ea&s;onably hinder the efferve&s;cence either by Medicines that cool the fermentation, or by u&s;e of Cly&s;ters, and give a check to it, no wonder if they la&s;t long, becau&s;e the order of Nature is di&s;turbed: for by this means the tone of the bloud is in a manner relaxed, where|fore
<PB N="166" REF="89"> it cannot betake it &s;elf to de&s;pumation with the Di&s;ea&s;e; yea, and &s;ometimes in weak and &s;pent bodies the &s;ame happens &s;pontaneou&s;ly, unle&s;s you a&s;&s;i&s;t Nature langui&s;hing in them by the help of Cor|dials, that it may be &s;ufficient for the de&s;pumati|on of the bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. The&s;e things granted, no wonder if men build no other method of Cure upon them, than what is thought fit to be u&s;ed in continual Fevers, to perform the work of de&s;pumation as it ought to be done, &s;ince doubtle&s;s they are di&s;tingui&s;hed by no di&s;crimination from continual Fevers, if you con|&s;ider the order wherein nature u&s;es to expell the matter of them, that is, by an Efferve&s;cency com|prehended within a certain period: Although as to what concerns their kind, and property of Na|ture, I do not deny, but they differ very much both from continual Fevers and among them&s;elves. Therefore we mu&s;t take an Indication either from cautiou&s;ly and &s;olicitou&s;ly ob&s;erving the method wherein Nature u&s;es to rid her &s;elf of this Di&s;ea&s;e, that we may quicken fermentation, when ari&s;en, and &s;o recover our Patients: Or by &s;earching into the &s;pecifick cau&s;e, we mu&s;t doe our endeavour to meet with the Di&s;ea&s;e by effectual and &s;pecifick Remedies. Indications mu&s;t be taken from one of the&s;e two. I have at one time or other gone both ways to work, and, I can mode&s;tly &s;ay it, not without very great care and intention of mind; but yet I am not arrived to that happine&s;s, as to be able to remove autumnal Agues by any certain pra|ctice or method of cure, before they have fini&s;hed the&s;e &s;tated fermentations, how trouble&s;ome &s;o|ever this may &s;eem to people in Agues, who are &s;o long again&s;t their will compelled to wait for their health. But indeed if a man can be found, who knows not onely &s;uddenly to &s;top the career of the&s;e Agues, but wholly to break it off, either by u&s;ing &s;ome certain method, or &s;ome Specifick or other, I hold him obliged in Con&s;cience to di&s;cover the thing. But as I think it a thing diffi|cult enough, &s;o I doubt not but it is likewi&s;e dan|gerous: A clear In&s;tance whereof we may have from that they call the <HI>Je&s;uits powder;</HI> for although by the u&s;e of that Powder we may &s;top fermenta|tion for the pre&s;ent, yet the matter &s;till remai|ning, which &s;hould be di&s;&s;ipated by fermentation, in a &s;hort &s;pace of time gathers &s;trength again, and proclaims a new War again&s;t Nature. I have known a Quartan continue for &s;ome years, while it was ever and anon di&s;turbed by the repeated u&s;e of this Powder. Yea, this Powder, given immediate|ly before the fit, has taken &s;everal away out of this life; though I will not deny but &s;uch Medicines given prudently and cautiou&s;ly towards the latter end of the&s;e Agues has &s;ometimes done good; e|&s;pecially,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>80.</HI></NOTE> if they be given in a &s;ea&s;on, wherein the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are not very epidemical. &para; Never|thele&s;s, although from what we have now ob&s;er|ved, we can &s;carce have any hope of recovering health &s;oon, yet room is left for a Learned and Sagacious Phy&s;ician, to procure a due depuration of the bloud, to the end it may be fini&s;hed with|in the bounds &s;et by Nature, and al&s;o to prevent tho&s;e Symptoms which u&s;ually come upon this Di&s;|ea&s;e. Therefore I will in a few words, and as the nature of the thing will bear, briefly treat of this matter, comprehending both kinds under the &s;ame Head, becau&s;e the &s;ame Cure is proper for both, that is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>82.</HI></NOTE> for a Tertian and a Quartan.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If therefore the Patient, that is taken with either of the&s;e Agues, be either an Infant, or in the Flower of his age, it is altogether convenient (as far as I am hitherto informed) to attempt no|thing by the help of any Medicines, or by the change of Air or Diet, for to this day I never yet ob&s;erved any ill en&s;ue upon it, if &s;o be I left the matter to Nature wholly. A thing that I have of|ten ob&s;erved, not without admiration, e&s;pecially in Infants, for when the bloud has fini&s;hed its de|puration, the&s;e Agues vani&s;h of their own accord. But, on the contrary, if you either u&s;e a &s;tricter cour&s;e of life, or now and then u&s;e purging Medi|cines (for they u&s;e to be given on pretence, that ob&s;tructions may be opened, and humours re&s;iding in the fir&s;t ways may be carried off) or, which is the main thing, if you let bloud in an epidemick con&s;titution, it will make the Di&s;ea&s;e continue a long time, and the Patients expo&s;ed to a thou&s;and dangerous Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. But if the Agui&s;h per&s;ons be of elder years there is great danger in both Di&s;ea&s;es, not onely of their continuance, but of death it &s;elf. Here therefore the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t make it his bu&s;ine&s;s to a&s;&s;i&s;t Nature, and give her tho&s;e Aids which &s;he &s;tands in need of to doe her office. For certainly, in weakly bodies, unle&s;s fermentation be kept up by benefit of Cordials and a &s;trengthning Diet, it will &s;o come to pa&s;s, that the Patients being vexed with uncertain and fruitle&s;s Paroxy&s;ms, are weak|ned, and the Di&s;ea&s;e will continue &s;o long, till Nature, languid before, be &s;eized with &s;ome vio|lent fit, and is not able to reach to the time of ebullition, and &s;o the Patients end their days in the cold fit. And this often happens in old Men, who have been weakned with a long cour&s;e of Pur|ging, yea, (as I have &s;ometimes &s;een) they have quite fainted in the fir&s;t cold fit, when by giving &s;ome &s;trong Cordial, they might have been kept up for &s;ome time at lea&s;t. When the bloud has &s;pent as much time as is required to fini&s;h de&s;pumation, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the elderly Patients, at that very time, or a little before, do undergo &s;ome remar|kable change of Air, either (which is rather to be wi&s;hed) by going into &s;ome hotter Countrey, or at lea&s;t by changing the place wherein they were fir&s;t taken with this Di&s;ea&s;e. Truly it is wonder|full of what avail this change of Air is towards the thorough cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e; in the mean time it is not onely unnece&s;&s;ary for the Recovery from this Di&s;ea&s;e, to change the Air before this very time, but inconvenient: For let a Man go into never &s;o Southerly and hot a Clime; yet if the bloud be once got into &s;uch a morbid motion, it is nece&s;&s;ary that it fini&s;h its depuration, which advantage indeed will be in vain ex&s;pected from an unu&s;ual and new Air, before a Man be capable of Recovery by the bloud's motion proceeding and being become ripe. Therefore that remarkable change of Air mu&s;t then fir&s;t be undertaken, when the Patient can be fir&s;t rid of his fit; for example, in a Quartan, that fir&s;t came in Autumn, the Air mu&s;t not be changed till about the beginning of <HI>February.</HI> In the mean time, if the Patient be either unwilling to change Place, or cannot conveniently, it is needfull at the ar|ticle of the very time, to u&s;e &s;ome &s;trong Medi|cine, who&s;e &s;trength may be &s;uch, that it may at one &s;troke as it were, powerfully promote the lan|gui&s;hing depuration, and, if it can be done, fini&s;h it. For this purpo&s;e I &s;hould advi&s;e to give a drachm and an half of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle or <HI>Electuarium de Ovo</HI> di&s;|&s;olved in two ounces of <HI>Aqua Coele&s;tis</HI> or <HI>Aqua Vitae.</HI> A thing which I have done with no unhappy &s;ucce&s;s in the declination of &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es: Although I ac|knowledge, the&s;e hot things, given &s;ooner, ei|ther double the Di&s;ea&s;e, or turn it into a continual Fever, which has been long &s;ince ob&s;erved by &s;eve|ral. The &s;ame may be u&s;ed in young People who are held of this Di&s;ea&s;e, u&s;ing caution. But to doe the &s;ame in Childhood is not onely inconvenient, but al&s;o not without danger, as I have long &s;ince ob&s;erved.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>82.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, in the beginning of the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es (of a Tertian e&s;pecially) that it &s;ome|times happens that the efferve&s;cence in young and &s;trong men is &s;o far increa&s;ed, that you might de|&s;ervedly think it &s;afer to prevent the &s;torm in co|ming than to commit the whole affair to Nature:
<PB N="167" REF="89"> And this may be done mo&s;t conveniently by giving a Vomit on the intermi&s;&s;ion day; for &s;uch &s;ort of Me|dicines are very convenient for mo&s;t autumnal Di&s;ea|&s;es, and prevent tho&s;e &s;ymptoms whereunto they are obnoxious in the height: But when this is done, the whole affair mu&s;t be left to Nature. And &s;ome|times it happens that autumnal Tertians (in young People e&s;pecially) out of the violence of their ef|ferve&s;cency, and their mad motion, do fini&s;h their depuration before the determinate time, and &s;o af|ter a few fits vani&s;h, the work of Nature being cer|tainly precipitated. But Quartans do not &s;o quick|ly fini&s;h their cour&s;e, unle&s;s perhaps the Patient have been formerly &s;ick of the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e; for in this ca&s;e, although he may be exerci&s;ed with &s;ome fits; yet the Phy&s;ician, being a&s;&s;ured of the thing, may boldly predict the Di&s;ea&s;e will &s;udden|ly vani&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>85.</HI></NOTE> which is worth ob&s;ervation.</P>
<P N="10">X. When the Ague is over, the Patient mu&s;t be carefully purged; for abundance of Di&s;ea&s;es follow upon want of purging after autumnal Agues. But you mu&s;t take diligent heed; for if, when the fits are cea&s;ed, you fall too &s;oon on Purging, there is danger they will return, namely, from the di&s;|turbance, which even the more gentle Purges u&s;e to rai&s;e in the humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>88.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. That the bloud may be reduced to its natu|ral temper, Vomiting, Bleeding and Purging are of great u&s;e, e&s;pecially if they be given in the begin|ning of a Di&s;ea&s;e. Vomits doe good, in as much as they clean&s;e the Stomach, that the fir&s;t Concoc|tion may better be performed, and thereby more pure nutritious Chyme may be &s;upplied for the matter of the bloud, but e&s;pecially ina&s;much as they di&s;charge Choler, while they plentifully &s;train out the Gall-bladder by the Gall-pa&s;&s;age, that by this means the Bile may more perfectly be wa&s;hed from the ma&s;s of bloud, and that &s;o the bloud may be purified from the adu&s;t recrements of Salt and Sulphur. Letting-bloud cools and gives vent to the bloud, and therefore it is le&s;s &s;cor|ched, and is more freely circulated in the Ve&s;&s;els without danger of Adu&s;tion. Likewi&s;e Purging does plentifully &s;queeze out Bile from the bile Ve&s;|&s;els, and con&s;equently from the ma&s;s of bloud. To this end (that is, the Reduction of the bloud) Dige&s;tives, Sowre things, Attemperants do con|duce, ina&s;much as they give fu&s;ion to and alter the bloud, and allay its heat. But Vomiting, Purging and Bleeding, unle&s;s they be immediately celebra|ted at the very beginning, they doe little good; yea, they often u&s;e to doe harm, for while the bloud is full of vital Spirit, its indi&s;po&s;ition may be corrected and amended with ea&s;e. Wherefore, if about the beginning Bile be plentifully di&s;charged, or the bloud cooled, it is reduced to its natural temper; yet afterwards, in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e (when the Spirit is much &s;pent, and the Salt and Sulphur are too much exalted) if &s;uch e|vacuations be u&s;ed, they much debilitate the frame of the bloud: And therefore it is evident from ob|&s;ervation, that the Ague is &s;eldom or &s;carce ever cured by the&s;e Remedies, u&s;ed late. I have known &s;ome in the Spring-time, who, enjoying their health well enough, upon taking a &s;trong Vomit for pre|vention &s;ake, that wrought violently, have pre&s;ent|ly fallen into a Tertian; And others &s;ometimes, who being cured of an Ague, upon taking a &s;trong Purge to carry off the Remainder of the febrile mat|ter, have pre&s;ently relap&s;ed. One would be rea|dy to &s;ay, that the matter of this Di&s;ea&s;e, before laid a&s;leep, was by this means &s;tirred up, and brought into act, by the Purge; Yet, if you con|&s;ider the thing a right, one would rather &s;ay, that the frame of the bloud is much hurt by the violent Purge; and whereas before it was prone to a bili|ous dy&s;cra&s;ie, &s;o as it could &s;carce a&s;&s;imilate the a|lible Juice, it will pre&s;ently, for this evident cau&s;e, degenerate the more, and immediately pervert the nouri&s;hment into fermentative matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> and &s;o be &s;u&s;|ceptive of a feveri&s;h di&s;po&s;ition.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The hindring an Ague fit is accompli&s;hed by Medicines which &s;top fermentation; And although this Remedy be among Phy&s;icians accounted imme|thodical and very uncertain; yet it is certain that Agues have been often cured in this manner, when Medicines would doe no good at all. Onely here we mu&s;t ob&s;erve this, that the u&s;e of &s;uch things is mo&s;t beneficial after Purging and Bleeding, if this be nece&s;&s;ary;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis, <HI>ibid.</HI></NOTE> and unle&s;s the&s;e things be rightly pro|mi&s;ed, the other &s;eldom &s;top a &s;it. &para; There are not wanting Men, who to abate or &s;top the fit give Opiates. On the other hand al&s;o there are &s;ome, who judge, that Agues mu&s;t not be &s;topt at the very fir&s;t, but that the fit &s;hould be &s;uffered for awhile. Hence, an Ague once begun, if it end in any rea|&s;onable time, is vulgarly termed rather Phy&s;ick, than a Di&s;ea&s;e; for by this means the impurities of the bloud blaze out, the ob&s;tructions of the bow|els are opened, and, indeed, the whole body re|ceives Vent; &s;o that it is wholly freed from all ex|crementitious matter, and from the Seminary of growing Di&s;ea&s;es. And we grant this in part, to wit, if it end in a rea&s;onable time, but if it be protracted long, it is the cau&s;e of many Di&s;ea&s;es and long Sickne&s;s: For hereby the ma&s;s of bloud is much &s;poiled of the vital &s;pirit, and like over|high fermented Wine, it palls: In the mean time, the &s;aline and earthy parts are too much exalted, wherefore the Jaundice, Scurvey, Drop&s;ie, and o|ther Cachexies follow this Fever too late cured. For as a Hou&s;e &s;et on fire from without, is ea&s;ilier delivered from danger of Burning, than if <HI>Vulcan</HI> were pulling down the inner Rooms, &s;o al&s;o it is more ea&s;ie to drive away Agues from humane bo|dies in the beginning, than after the Agues have in|vaded the inner oeconomy of the bowels. And of a depurative fermentation of the humours, if it &s;hould exceed mea&s;ure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fird. Ho&s;|mannu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, <HI>m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n. p.</HI> 37<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> a corruptive one may ea|&s;ily be made.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Sylvius</HI> his method of Cure.</HEAD>
<P N="13">XIII. Fora&s;much as we have made the Cau&s;e of Agues, as Agues, to be the pancreatick Juice, by rea&s;on of an Ob&s;truction made in its lateral Ducts, by Phlegm coagulated therein, and then made &s;harper and Sowrer by &s;tagnation, and carried hence, by making way through the ob&s;tructing Phlegm, to the &s;mall Guts, and there vitiou&s;ly fermenting with the Bile in its way and the Phlegm in the Guts, and then at length creeping along with them under one form or other to the right Ven|tricle of the Heart, and in it not onely by irri|tating the Heart with its acrimony or flatulency rai&s;ing a more frequent Pul&s;e, but moreover di|vers ways altering and di&s;turbing the vital effer|ve&s;cency and &s;anguification it &s;elf, and producing many &s;ymptoms in divers places: Their Cure may be performed, if fir&s;t, the ob&s;tructing Phlegm, that is more or le&s;s glutinous and coagulated, be cut and loo&s;ned, and then, as offending in Place, be removed, and at lea&s;t be brought as far as the &s;mall Guts, if not cleared of the Body it &s;elf. Secondly, if the acidity and acrimony of the pancreatick Juice, that is increa&s;ed, be tempered and corrected. Thirdly, if the vitious efferve&s;cency of the Bile in the &s;mall Guts be hindered or amended. The ob&s;truc|ting Phlegm is cut by Aromaticks and any volatile Salt, but e&s;pecially &s;o u&s;ed, that the whole body may be hot at once, to the end the virtue of the Medicine being di&s;per&s;ed every way may reach al&s;o to the <HI>Pancreas</HI> it &s;elf, and to its Lateral Ducts, and &s;o to the place affected, and the Source of the Di&s;|ea&s;e; Which things are proper e&s;pecially for phleg|matick and melancholick Per&s;ons. Let the follow|ing Mixture &s;erve for an In&s;tance, a &s;poonfull of it at a time to be taken &s;everal times a-day; But two
<PB N="168" REF="90"> or three hours before the coming of a new fit, to take three &s;poonfulls of it, at the &s;ame time gent|ly increa&s;ing the heat of the body either by moti|on, or cloths, or fire, or a bath, till the Sweat come, for &s;o it will doe more good, and &s;ometimes take the Ague happily away: Take of Waters of Par&s;|ley 2 ounces, Fenil 1 ounce, <HI>Theriac. &s;impl.</HI> or <HI>Vitae Matthioli,</HI> 1 ounce and an half; Volatile Salt of Am|ber 1 &s;cruple, Syrup of <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> 1 ounce. Mix them. As often as the complexion of the Pa|tient is ob&s;erved to be cholerick, u&s;e loo&s;ners and &s;owre cutters; Take of Fumitory-water 3 oun|ces, <HI>Sal Ammoniac,</HI> or <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum,</HI> 1 drachm; <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> half a drachm, Syrup of Fe|nil 1 ounce. Mix them. As often as both phleg|matick and cholerick humours abound in the &s;ame Patient, of the two Subcontraries that were now commended, the&s;e Mixtures may be made; Take of the Waters of <HI>Cardaus benedictus,</HI> Cichory, each 1 ounce and an half; <HI>Theriac. &s;impl.</HI> di&s;tilled Vinegar, each 6 drachms; Crabs-eyes in Powder half a drachm, Syrup of the five opening roots 1 ounce. Mix them. If the ob&s;tructing Phlegm be not ve|ry glutinous, oftentimes at once &s;uch Sweating the ob&s;truction is wholly removed, and the cau&s;e of it is carried into the &s;mall Guts, and the Ague is cured. In a Body that has but little Phlegm in it, but more Bile, a Vomit may be given three or four hours before the return of the fit, by means where|of not onely the redounding Bile, but al&s;o the ob|&s;tructing Phlegm is forced to the &s;mall Guts, hence to the Stomach, and at la&s;t out at the Throat and Mouth, and &s;o the Ague is &s;aid to be de&s;troyed. To which end I have often with &s;ucce&s;s u&s;ed a Vo|mitory <HI>Sapa</HI> prepared by me of Gla&s;s of Antimo|ny, and other Medicines may in like manner be prepared of Antimony, which is here proper above all other things. Things that purge downwards now and then will doe the &s;ame thing; but ever adding things that at the &s;ame time cut and carry off vi&s;cid Phlegm; for example, Take of the ma&s;s of <HI>Pilul. fatid. maj.</HI> half a &s;cruple, Trochi&s;cs of <HI>Al|handal, Mercurius dulcis,</HI> each 5 grains; Oil of Amber 2 drops. Mix them. Make 5 Pills. Let them be taken four or five hours before the next fit, and they will purge gently. The augmented acidity and acrimony of the pancreatick Juice will be hap|pily allayed with volatile Salts, and all Aromaticks, not neglecting Opiates: Therefore the Mixture a|bove propo&s;ed of Waters of Par&s;ley, Fenil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will be proper; which will be more effectual, if there be added to it of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> 3 grains, Oil of Cloves 2 drops. The vitious efferve&s;cence of the &s;ame pancreatick Juice and of the Bile will be hin|dred, at lea&s;t corrected by the now commended Mixture, e&s;pecially becau&s;e of the <HI>Opium,</HI> wonder|fully allaying and tempering both the Sharps with its Oiline&s;s;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml; <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rax. M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> and from the&s;e few Receipts any young Practi&s;er may ea&s;ily invent others, as he &s;hall have occa&s;ion.</P>
<P>As well Acids, as Aromaticks and volatile Salts, do every where di&s;&s;olve and cut glutinous Phlegm. They will di&s;&s;olve it in the forementioned Ducts, if they be carried thither. And all Medicines are carried &s;ooner and in greater power, if they ei|ther be Evacuaters, or joined to Evacuaters; For this &s;eems peculiar in Evacuaters by Vomit, Stool, Urine, Sweat and Salivation, that they make no long &s;tay in the Stomach and Guts, but, unle&s;s they be hindred by the humours and food, they pa&s;s quickly into the lacteal Veins and Heart, and hence every way with the Bloud. But in our ca&s;e, that is, in Agues, it has been ob&s;erved by long experience that Sudorificks above all other things do mo&s;t ea&s;ily conduce to overcome the cau&s;e of them, by help whereof the very common People cure Agues.</P>
<P>And Sudorificks &s;eem to be proper above other things, becau&s;e Sweat is not rai&s;ed, till the whole bloud be moved, which then al&s;o is made more flu|id than u&s;ual, wherefore whatever things are mixt with the bloud, are both &s;ooner and more abundant|ly di&s;per&s;ed every way with it; and therefore Me|dicines de&s;igned to loo&s;en Phlegm.</P>
<P>But as Medicines to loo&s;en Phlegm mu&s;t e&s;pecial|ly be mixt with Sudorificks, &s;o al&s;o Medicines, that move the &s;ame from its place, are preferred, whe|ther Purges or Vomits. For the way is but &s;hort from thence to the &s;mall Guts, and hence to the Stomach, whence the Phlegm may be ca&s;t up, and oftentimes a Tertian may be killed at one Vomit, it owing its original not to very tough or copious Phlegm. So there is an ordinary and ea&s;ie way for the humours downwards to the &s;mall Guts, e&s;pe|cially when they are thru&s;t down thither by Purges. And thus I have often ob&s;erved, Agues have been cured quickly and &s;afely, e&s;pecially Tertians, by Sweating, Vomiting and Purging, becau&s;e they are the ea&s;ie&s;t cured of all, as for the mo&s;t part they have their ri&s;e from &s;mall Ob&s;truction, that is, from le&s;s tenaceous Phlegm ob&s;tructing the &s;aid Ducts. Therefore to loo&s;en and make fluid the Phlegm &s;topping the &s;aid pa&s;&s;ages, Sudorificks a|bove all other things, made of Aromaticks and vo|latile Salts, as al&s;o of &s;ubtile Acids, and often ta|ken at any time, although Sweat do not always come, do conduce.</P>
<P>To remove the &s;ame from an improper place, when it is loo&s;ned, 1. The &s;ame Sudorificks are proper, but taken not long before the coming of the fit, the Body being rightly con&s;tituted to pro|mote Sweat. 2. Vomits and Purges taken about four hours before the coming of the fit, that &s;o in the mean time the humour fir&s;t made more fluid by Sudorificks, may be farther prepared for its di&s;|charge, and &s;o with the fragnant juice may be di&s;|placed and thrown out of the body. 3. Volatile Salts and other Aromaticks do mo&s;t effectually mi|tigate and temper the pancreatick Juice, made more acid by its &s;tay and &s;tagnation, becau&s;e they mo&s;t ea&s;ily penetrate every way, and do not onely break the fore&s;aid augmented Acidity, but al&s;o cut and loo&s;en the ob&s;tructing Phlegm, and &s;o are pro|per upon &s;everal accounts. Becau&s;e volatile Salts are pure and not oily, they foment or increa&s;e no heat, a thing very u&s;ually ari&s;ing and trouble&s;ome in the increa&s;e of the fit, which cannot be &s;aid of Aromaticks, &s;eeing the febrile heat is often not a little encrea&s;ed by them.</P>
<P>Wherefore in the choice of proper Medicines for curing Agues we mu&s;t take e&s;pecial notice of the natural and preternatural con&s;titution of every Pa|tient, and therefore of the humours that are mo&s;t abundant and peccant, and more yet of the Sym|ptoms u&s;ually ari&s;ing with the Ague &s;it, and e&s;pe|cially of the Cold and Heat, as mo&s;t trouble&s;ome to Patients.</P>
<P>Truly the efficacy of volatile Salts is very great, and moreover their operation is both very &s;afe and innocent; which cannot always be &s;aid of &s;everal parts of Plants and Medicines made thereof, be|cau&s;e they produce a more manife&s;t and often a trouble&s;ome Heat to us, to &s;ay nothing farther now of the Cold, which likewi&s;e is frequently rai&s;ed by Vegetables; but not &s;o by the volatile Salt of Animals, which are not at all oily, &s;uch as may ea|&s;ily be prepared. From whence the utility of vola|tile Salts in curing Agues does farther appear, for that they alone an&s;wer &s;everal Indications; and, 1. To loo&s;en ob&s;tructing Phlegm, and move it from its place. 2. To temper the pancreatick Juice, when made more acid, which la&s;t cannot be done by any Acids, how &s;pirituous &s;oever: And we &s;aid, they are requi&s;ite for the Cure of Agues. 3. That the febrile efferve&s;cency may be checked, quieted and corrected, as well in the &s;mall Guts as in the Heart, a thing which in particular Anodynes and Narcoticks or Opiates doe, as al&s;o all other things,
<PB N="169" REF="90"> which incline towards their Nature, &s;uch as the fixt Sulphurs of Minerals and Metals, and therefore &s;ometime called Anodynes, &s;ometime Narcoticks. Now Anodynes, and e&s;pecially Narcoticks, do &s;o far forth check and correct the vitious efferve&s;cen|cy, and by rea&s;on of the encrea&s;ed Acid, too much, as they do powerfully, though kindly al&s;o, dull the very &s;harp Acid, as well upon the &s;core of the Oil, as of the volatile Salt, that is in <HI>Opium:</HI> But the fixt Sulphurs of Minerals and Metals are much better than Opiates, becau&s;e they have a kinder operation, and are de&s;titute of a narcotick virtue, cau&s;ing onely a gentle Sleep, in no wi&s;e a Stupidity, be they u&s;ed in never &s;o large a quanti|ty, which cannot truly be &s;aid of Opiates: but the&s;e may be added to other Medicines, that are always commended for curing of Agues, as &s;uch, and 10 &s;ome, for to mitigate or take away the concomi|tant Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. But here a Que&s;tion &s;eems to ari&s;e, Whe|ther bloud ought to be let in Agues, as &s;uch? &s;ince many have urged it, nay, and fly to it, as to the Sheet-anchor, for the right Cure of Fevers, and they think that a right method of Cure has not been u&s;ed, if letting-bloud have been neglected. But their A&s;&s;ertion is built on a fal&s;e foundation, that is, That every Fever con&s;i&s;ts in Heat in the Heart, and thence too much increa&s;ed the whole body over. Which although it be ob&s;erved to have place in mo&s;t acute and burning Fevers, yet it is not always and univer&s;ally true, &s;ince there do not onely occur Sea&s;ons in Agues, but in conti|nual Fevers al&s;o, wherein too great Heat is &s;o far from being found in the body, that, on the contra|ry, Cold does then trouble the Patients, not onely a &s;mall one, but oftentimes a mo&s;t chilling one, tormenting them for &s;everal hours: To &s;ay no|thing now of Fevers that are truly and always chill, and endure continually cold. But becau&s;e according to their Rule, One Ab&s;urdity being granted, a Thou&s;and follow, no wonder if Phy&s;icians, building upon this fal&s;e foundation and principle have here al&s;o proceeded ami&s;s in the Cure of their Patients. For although many Agui&s;h per&s;ons have been very well after letting-bloud; yet it does not follow that the &s;ame Remedy is good for all; &s;ince e&s;peci|ally not unfrequent In&s;tances occur of them to whom Bleeding has not onely been u&s;ele&s;s, but plainly hurtfull. From which double, and indeed contrary Experiment, it can truly and onely be concluded, that taking away Bloud does &s;ometimes good and &s;ometimes harm, in the Cure not onely of Agues but of Continual fevers al&s;o. Wherefore it concerns Phy&s;icians, if they will be accounted Ra|tional, to under&s;tand the rea&s;on, why diminution of Bloud does &s;ometimes good and &s;ometimes harm in the cure of Fevers, that a Rule may be made, when a Phy&s;ician ought to u&s;e Bleeding, and when he &s;hould let it alone. That therefore I may con|clude &s;omething certain in this Que&s;tion, I doubt not to affirm, &s;ince Bleeding admini&s;tred in Agues has not always done good, but often hurt, that it is not proper for Agues, as &s;uch, but that it is con|venient and hath hitherto done good onely to cer|tain Symptoms joined to this or that Ague. But a prodigal Lavi&s;her of humane bloud will urge, Has not an Ague been by once Bleeding, and taking a|way a large quantity of bloud, cured, and there|fore is it not a fit Help and Remedy for curing it? To which I an&s;wer, Many &s;light Di&s;ea&s;es are cured of them&s;elves, onely by ordering ones Diet aright, wherefore it is no wonder, when be&s;ides evacuation of bloud, proper in Plethorick Bodies, a laudable Diet is ob&s;erved, if an Ague be &s;ometimes cured, which the laudable Diet alone might have cured. And it often cures &s;light Agues, which con&s;i&s;ts, 1. In taking of little Food, that ea&s;ily ferments, and e|&s;pecially liquid, and &s;uch as conduces to promote a gentle Sweat. 2. In a little more violent motion of the Body, and indeed even till the Sweat bur&s;t out. 3. In a warm Air, and covering the Body with many clothes to provoke a gentle Sweat. All which things rightly ob&s;erved, which do not increa&s;e Phlegm, that makes or is about to make an ob|&s;truction, the ob&s;tructing Phlegm is ea&s;ily di&s;&s;ol|ved by the pancreatick Juice now become more powerfull, and upon the coming of a gentle Sweat it is driven into the &s;mall Guts. No wonder there|fore, if &s;ometimes, where the Ague is &s;light, where there is a <HI>Plethora,</HI> where a laudable Diet is at lea&s;t in part ob&s;erved, &s;uch an Ague be cured in the be|ginning, when a Vein is breathed. Which Cure is not all owing to the letting of bloud, but e&s;pe|cially to the alteration following a laudable Diet: Yet I will not deny, but the Cure of this Ague is promoted by the &s;aid breathing of a Vein, as of|ten as there is a <HI>Plethora</HI> and Burning Heat accom|panying the Fits; for not onely the danger of Suf|focation is removed, and of Extinction of the vital heat by too much bloud, &s;o filling the Ve&s;&s;els, that there is not room for it, when it is rarefied, to be received into the Heart, e&s;pecially when it is more than u&s;ually rarefied, while the acute febrile Heat continues; but the hurtfull Burning in the Bloud al&s;o is dimini&s;hed. And the&s;e Dangers are preven|ted by letting bloud in time, and taking away e|nough of it: Be&s;ides, Sweat u&s;ually follows upon &s;uch evacuation, which is ever good for the Cure of Agues, e&s;pecially when it is with the refre&s;hment of the Patient, and he can bear it well, and when it agrees with him. Therefore Bleeding &s;eems convenient not of it &s;elf, but onely by accident, not always, but onely &s;ometimes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> in the Cure of Agues.</P>
<P N="15">XV. I &s;aid, Sweat was proper for the Cure of an Ague, &s;ince it may, yea, ought to be known to all Phy&s;icians, that it is an ill &s;ign, whenever no Sweat follows the fit towards the latter end, that is, the declen&s;ion. For &s;uch Agues are u&s;ually of long con|tinuance, as, on the contrary, they are u&s;ually &s;hort where every Paroxy&s;m ends in a Sweat, &s;o that &s;uch a Diet be then ob&s;erved as may not hinder the Sweat nor foment or increa&s;e any ill humours in the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Scarce any Ague is perfectly fini&s;hed without a Sweat, and no man in an Ague can well promi&s;e him&s;elf perfect health who cannot &s;weat. Want of Tran&s;piration is one of the chief cau&s;es of Agues, and may be alone &s;ufficient to cau&s;e one, and other cau&s;es without this can &s;carce cau&s;e an Ague. But concerning Sudorificks we mu&s;t take notice, that they be &s;ufficient, and not onely &s;tir the matter, but al&s;o drive it out of the body; for unle&s;s Patients &s;weat, after they have taken them, they oftentimes fall into a more violent Ague: And then, that they be not given onely once, but re|peated as often as there is occa&s;ion; for onely one Sweat cannot always carry off all the matter, but if you &s;top there, the matter is rather &s;tirred, than per|fectly evacuated: And Nature by the repetition of them mu&s;t be &s;o accu&s;tomed to the Work, that of her &s;elf &s;he may always void what &s;hould be voided, for if they be not rightly given, &s;imple Agues be|come double. The common People do often, as &s;oon as they perceive an Ague fit come upon them, immediately take a Sweat, which &s;ome Phy&s;icians do not di&s;approve, becau&s;e experience te&s;tifies, that Agues beginning may by this means be preven|ted. Yet, I think, they cannot be given with &s;afe|ty in all bodies, and that they cannot be u&s;ed a|right except in the beginning: for if there be great &s;tore of filth in the body, or if the putre|faction and corruption of the humours have gone any thing far, they &s;carce doe any good; unle&s;s we think fit to doe,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sennertus,</HI> de Febr. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> as <HI>Rulandus</HI> does in his Cen|turies, and we have a mind to di&s;cu&s;s the mat|ter, by &s;everal times giving &s;trong Sudorificks.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Concerning the Cure of Quotidians, Ter|tians, Quartans, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we give this advice, that &s;ince
<PB N="170" REF="91"> we a&s;cribe them not to different humours, Phlegm, Bile, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as to ob&s;tructing Phlegm or the pancrea|tick Juice variou&s;ly di&s;po&s;ed, we mu&s;t not have &s;o much regard to the interval every return, as to the diver&s;ity of the concomitant Symptoms, and e&s;pecially of Heat and Cold: For although, for example, Tertians for the mo&s;t part come in Summer time, Youth, and e&s;pecially in Cholerick per&s;ons, upon which &s;core we may ju&s;tly have re|&s;pect to Bile; yet there are not wanting Tertians, which while the Cold is violent, &s;eize old Men and Children, in which Phlegm abounds, in which ca&s;e if one &s;hould have regard to the tempering or pur|ging of Bile, he would be much mi&s;taken; for as a great Heat, the effect of Bile, is ob&s;erved in mo&s;t, &s;o in &s;ome little or no heat at is ob&s;erved, ac|cording to the variety of who&s;e being pre&s;ent or ab&s;ent, the Cure is to be varied. Therefore we mu&s;t always have regard to all the Humours that a|ny way offend in the Body, &s;eeing they are the cau&s;e, why the ob&s;tructing Phlegm is more or le&s;s &s;harp, and therefore why the fit varies in all its circum&s;tances and &s;ymptoms: For as often as Bile has dominion in the Body, &s;o often will Phlegm be le&s;s vi&s;cous, and the Pancreatick juice le&s;s &s;harp, and therefore the Ague will upon this account be cu|red with greater ea&s;e and &s;peed, if &s;o be it be cured aright: But as often as Phlegm &s;hall predominate a|bove the re&s;t of the humours, &s;o often will the Pan|creatick juice and bile be more dull, and &s;o the ob|&s;tructing Phlegm it &s;elf will be more glutinous, wherefore the Ague will be cured more &s;lowly, though ea&s;ily enough, having all its &s;ymptoms com|monly more &s;light: And as often as the redundant Acid exceeds the other humours, &s;o often will the bile be more broken and dull, but then the Phlegm is more glutinous, and e&s;pecially when the acid in|clines to au&s;terity: Sometimes it is more fluid and &s;erous, e&s;pecially when the Acid is &s;harp, and bile is intimately mixt with the &s;aline part, and toge|ther with the more fluid Phlegm makes a &s;alt <HI>Serum,</HI> but a briny one; wherefore then the Ague will be cured more &s;lowly and difficultly. But after what manner he &s;hould proceed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE> the Reader may gather from what has been &s;aid before.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Specificks for Fevers &s;eem to have place chiefly in Agues: &s;ome of them fix the morbifick cau&s;e, not onely by their Narcotick Sulphur, or, as others will have it, by their Salt, but al&s;o they di&s;&s;olve, and they con&s;i&s;t of Opiates: Others by pre|cipitating, they abound in a fixt Salt, and act by &s;top|ping fermentation and ebullition, Such are Crabs eyes: Others act by &s;weating, and when they have rai&s;ed a &s;weat, they exert their antifebrile virtue. Some of them are internal, and u&s;e to be given an hour or two before the fit, and they doe good e&s;pe|cially to Bodies that are not very &s;oul: for unle&s;s the &s;ource be exhau&s;ted by Univer&s;als, they may produce abundance of mi&s;chief. This is commonly known, Half a drachm of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Leaves powdered, taken in a little warm Wine. Some an|ti&s;ebrile Specificks act by evacuating,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">k. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> <HI>Febr. c.</HI> 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">3.</NOTE> &s;uch is that of <HI>Riverius</HI> in the <HI>Appendix</HI> of his Centuries.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Empirical Remedies that cure Agues, are &s;uch as keep off the fit as it is coming, without any e|vacution, either taken inwards, or applied outwardly, e&s;pecially where the Pul&s;e beats, and are chiefly tied to the region of the Heart, the Wri&s;ts, or the Soles of the feet. The rea&s;on of their effect con&s;i&s;ts in this, that by the u&s;e of them the turge&s;cency and fermentation of the Bloud with the febrile matter may be &s;topt: That is, &s;ome Corpu&s;cles or <HI>Effluvia</HI> are communica|ted from the Medicine bound about the Ve&s;&s;els to the Bloud, which very much fix and bind the parti|cles of it, or by fu&s;ing and moving do as it were pre|cipitate it. The &s;pontaneous heat of the Bloud is hindred either way, ju&s;t as when cold water is pou|red into a boiling Pot, or as when Vinegar or Alume is poured into new Beer, as it is working, the wor|king pre&s;ently cea&s;es, and the liquor acquires a new ta&s;ie and con&s;i&s;tency. Things that are taken inward have thas tendency, to break off the habit of habitual Paroxy&s;ms, which if we obtain, Nature recollects her &s;elf, and upon her proper motion ea&s;ily reco|vers her former &s;tate of health. And although &s;uch an Intention be &s;ometimes accompli&s;hed by giving a Vomit a little before the fit (for it often &s;tops the febrile motion of the Bloud by rai&s;ing another mo|tion contrary to this) yet this indication may far more certainly be accompli&s;hed by &s;uch Medicines, as do not at all evacuate from the Bowels, but bring a certain fixation or precipitation of the febrile mat|ter for the time, upon the Bloud. Whom I had in my hands to cure, having fir&s;t given a Vomit or a gentle Purge, about three hours before the fit, I applied Pla&s;ters to the Wri&s;ts, and at the &s;ame time gave them &s;ome Febrifuge Powder in generous Wine, and ordered my Patients to be kept in a gen|tle &s;weat in Bed. It &s;eldom &s;o fell out, but at the fir&s;t or &s;econd time the Ague was by this means &s;topt, and by repeating the Remedy a few times, the Di&s;|ea&s;e was perfectly cured. Here &s;omething mu&s;t be &s;aid of that famous Febrifuge, the Peruvian Bark, otherwi&s;e called <HI>China China,</HI> or the Je&s;uits Bark. The common way of giving it is, to infu&s;e 2 drachms of the Powder in thin or generous Wine, in a Ve&s;&s;el clo&s;e &s;topt for two hours, and then, as the fit is co|ming, to give the Liquor and the Powder to the Pa|tient as he lies in his Bed. This potion &s;ometimes &s;tops the fit, as it is coming; yet oftentimes this co|ming after its u&s;ual manner, it prevents the next following. But however the fit be &s;topt at the fir&s;t, &s;econd or third period, and the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eem to be cured, it u&s;ually returns in twenty or thirty days: And then the Powder being given again, the fit is &s;taved off about the &s;ame &s;pace of time, and in this manner I have known tho&s;e that have been troubled with Quartans, who have had but a very few fits all the Autumn and Winter, and &s;o have kept the Ene|my at Pu&s;h of Pike, till the Spring coming on, by the help of the &s;ea&s;on of the year and Phy&s;ick, the di&s;po&s;ition of the Bloud was altered for the better, and &s;o the di&s;ea&s;e by degrees has vani&s;hed. Tho&s;e who in this manner got truce of their Quartans, went brisk and chearfull about their bu&s;ine&s;s; where|as otherwi&s;e they grew feeble and pale, and were reduced to a langui&s;hing and a vitious habit of body: Scarce one of an hundred tried this remedy in vain. It is not onely given in a Quartan, but in other &s;orts of Agues, with &s;ucce&s;s. But they that &s;top Agues with this Medicine onely, &s;eem to give cheating Phy&s;ick. But the u&s;e of this Medicine will be one|ly proper, when the Patient's &s;trength is too much &s;pent with too great frequency of the fits, and a truce is by this means procured;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> that Nature may recollect her &s;elf, and thenceforth more powerful|ly oppo&s;e the Enemy.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>Riverius</HI> called Water impregnated with the Salt of Tartar his <HI>Aqua Febrifuga.</HI> He infu&s;ed Salt of Tartar, and Spirit of Sulphur with a drachm or two of <HI>Senna,</HI> and &s;ometimes half a drachm of Ja|lap, either in Spring-water onely, or in &s;ome appro|priate decoction, &s;o he cured all Agues, even Quar|tans. He al&s;o called <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> &s;ix times &s;ub|limed, <HI>Calomelanos,</HI> which certainly makes a laudable and never a noxious Purge: The do&s;e is to 1 Scru|ple, whether Refin of Jalap, or of Scammony, half a &s;cruple, who&s;e Do&s;e may be dimini&s;hed or increa|&s;ed. And he affirms he never &s;aw any other effect than good from this Medicine in innumerable ca&s;es and in all ages.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Be&s;ide the&s;e things which &s;top and check the vitious Efferve&s;cency by contempering the efferve&s;|cent &s;harp things, Anodynes and Narcoticks that a|bound with Sulphur and Oil, are good, as al&s;o are &s;pirituous and watry things: They indeed, while they mitigate both the Sharps (the alkaline and the acid.) The&s;e, while they dilute and weaken them
<PB N="171" REF="91"> both, which I have demon&s;trated to be true by ma|ny experiments more than once. Hence it is that Spirit of Wine it &s;elf, and divers waters made with Spirit of Wine, as Juniper-Water, Treacle-Wa|ter, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are often given to &s;ick per&s;ons, before they are taken with the Ague, with good &s;ucce&s;s: But it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved that here is need of circum&s;pecti|on, &s;ince it is not alike convenient to give any Spi|rit of Wine to all &s;orts of People; nor can it well be given to any but to them who are infected with trouble&s;ome and grievous Cold. As di&s;tilled Vine|gar, or other acids, u&s;e properly to be given to them who are troubled with grievous heat. And both of them mixt together,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> to whom both Cold and Heat u&s;e to be trouble&s;ome.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Curative Intentions for Agues, &s;eem (as I think) to be the&s;e. 1. The re&s;titution of the Bloud to its natural temper. 2. The preventing the depra|vation of the nutritious juice. 3. The &s;topping of the febrile fermentation, that a fit do not ari&s;e. As to the <HI>fir&s;t,</HI> Vomits, Bleeding and Purging are of great u&s;e, e&s;pecialiy if they be celebrated in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. The <HI>&s;econd</HI> Intention is ac|compli&s;hed by an exact cour&s;e of Diet. The <HI>third,</HI> by remedies which &s;top the fermentation of the bloud: And although this Remedy be accounted among Phy&s;icians Empirical, immethodical and in|certain; yet I have often found that Agues have been cured in this manner, when Phy&s;ick would doe no good,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI> de Febr. cap. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> if &s;o be they were u&s;ed after Phy|&s;ick and Bleeding.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Whether at the very time of a cold fit in an Ague, or at any other time, when the Body is all over cold, the Bloud be al&s;o very cold, I am not able to determine; for I never dur&s;t pre|&s;cribe bleeding at that time, and &s;o could never touch the Bloud, as it came out, which they might tell, who make no &s;cruple to let bloud at that time. If this &s;hould be done, and the bloud &s;hould then be ob&s;erved to be cold, I think no prudent Phy&s;ici|an would ea&s;ily proceed to Bloud-letting, &s;eeing by it both the heat of the Bloud is dimini&s;tied, and therefore the Cold increa&s;ed in it, than which no|thing is more hurtfull, more ready and able to take away Life:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;.</NOTE> for Life con&s;i&s;ts in Heat, as Death does in Cold.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. If in any Ague whatever, when any con|coction, though not perfect, appears in the Urine, you give a Purge on the Ague-day, &s;o as it may have done working before the fit comes, (that is, four or five hours before you think the fit will come) you will find, the Ague will never return any more after that fit, but will be quite removed as by Inchantment. I have often tried it, and in mo&s;t per&s;ons the event always an&s;wered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Mo|narius, <HI>in Con&s;iliis</HI> Scholizii.</NOTE> In Terti|ans I doe this after the third or fourth fit, in Quo|tidians I tarry longer, and in Quartans longe&s;t of all, &s;carce before the thirtieth day.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. All Phy&s;icians take the &s;igns of Crudity and Coction from the Urine; but certainly it is a very fallacious conjecture that is taken from thence: for the cau&s;e of Agues is not in the greater Veins, in which, as al&s;o in the Reins and Bladder, Urines get their Concoction, but in the fir&s;t Region of the Bo|dy: for bad Urines in Agues &s;ignifie, that much ex|crements creep out of the fir&s;t Region of the Body into the greater Veins in the fit, which corrupt the Bloud, whence a change of the Ague into a Con|tinual fever may be feared, upon the removal of the Humour out of the fir&s;t Region of the Body into the greater Veins. But they do not at all &s;hew, how crude or concocted the humour is, which is lodged in the Me&s;entery, Gall, Bladder, Liver and Spleen. Now oftentimes at the &s;econd or third fit the Urine &s;eems very much tinged, when a bilious corrupti|on creeps out of the fir&s;t Seats into the Veins, up|on which many contend, that bleeding in that ca&s;e is very nece&s;&s;ary, as if the fired Bloud required to be quenched with this Remedy, when notwith&s;tan|ding it rather points out the purging of bile by &s;tool, and the opening of Ob&s;tructions. For nei|ther, when Bloud is taken away, is the fource of the Di&s;ea&s;e purged, nor is the heat of the raging bile therein quenched. But on the contrary, un|le&s;s there be a <HI>Plethora,</HI> which it is be&s;t to cure by emptying the larger ve&s;&s;els, there will be an at|traction of the cholerick, excrementitious humour into them out of the fir&s;t Region, upon which there is a change of an Ague into a Continual Fever. There|fore croceous and red, or crude, or otherwi&s;e bad Urines in Agues, &s;hew, that there is &s;o much excre|mentitious humour in the fir&s;t ways, that a great &s;hare of it is poured into the Veins and the re&s;t of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. pract.</NOTE> which unle&s;s it be evacuated by repeated Purging, there is fear that an Ague may become a Continual fever, or la&s;t a long time.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. It is a received opinion among &s;ome of the Arabians, that bleeding in Agues &s;hould either be wholly omitted, or celebrated in the proce&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e. But we know from innumerable in&s;tances, that this opinion is not &s;o proper for curing Agues: for we have experienced by many years practice, that all they, who let Bloud before the third fit in Tertians, were &s;oon freed from their Ague-fits: but that they who u&s;ed the Remedy after this time, found benefit more &s;lowly by it. Nor is there rea|&s;on wanting; for if there be a <HI>Plethora,</HI> which is &s;el|dom wanting in the Bodies of our Country-Men, all things are made wor&s;e by delay and neglect of Eva|cuation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jac. Oc. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ae|us <HI>apud</HI> Schenckium.</NOTE> But becau&s;e in Agues all the vitious mat|ter re&s;ides without the greater Veins (as &s;ome will have it) truly I doubt whether it agree with all things, which evidently appear in Agues.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It is to be ob&s;erved, that we may flie to Antimonial and Mercurial Medicines in all Agues of long continuance; for as the matter lies in &s;everal places, &s;o e&s;pecially in the Me&s;entery, whence un|le&s;s it be fetched by one of the &s;aid Medicines, you will &s;carce ever rightly expell it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE> except in a long time.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. It were incredible to tell, how great a power of Di&s;ea&s;es follows for want of purging after autumnal Agues. Therefore when the Di&s;ea&s;e is cured, the Patient mu&s;t be carefully purged: For whenever I found an elderly per&s;on had had a Ter|tian or a Quartan, and neglected Purging, I could certainly foretell, that &s;ome dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e Would afterwards &s;ieze them, of which notwith|&s;tanding they did not at all dream,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> as if they had been perfectly cured.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. A certain Carman cured &s;everal, that had been long &s;ick of Agues or otherwi&s;e indi&s;po|&s;ed, by giving them a draught of Wine, wherein he had fir&s;t di&s;&s;olved an handfull of Salt. They that drank it purged upwards and downwards with great violence. Some that had been troubled with a te|dious Head-ach, and ba&s;tard Tertians, after they had had them for a long time, recovered by this means. But &s;everal others, to whom this Medicine was given un&s;ea&s;onably, or that were very weak,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Era&s;tus,</HI> Quae&s;t. de Purgan.</NOTE> were mo&s;t grievou&s;ly hurt by it, yea, and &s;ome died.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Since natural &s;leep is nought in the begin|ning of Ague fits, whether may we &s;ay the &s;ame of it, cau&s;ed by art? A certain friend affirms that ma|ny Agues have been removed by the help of <HI>Lauda|num Opiatum,</HI> after due preparation and purging, with <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum,</HI> Extract of Hellebore, <HI>Anti|monium Diaphoreticum,</HI> &amp;c. Which effect he judges, does not want its rea&s;on: For &s;eeing, &s;aith he, in all Agues, that continue pertinaciou&s;ly, there is &s;ome putrefied infection which is left in the <HI>focus</HI> af|ter every fit, and which ferments upon the coming of a new fit, with fluxion either through the Veins, or through the whole, it &s;o falls out, that if the Alexipyretick <HI>Laudanum</HI> be given 2 or 3 hours before the coming of the fit, all the heat will be then mi|tigated, the fermentation of the humours &s;topt, and
<PB N="172" REF="92"> fluxions into all parts re&s;trained, and &s;o the Ague with the &s;preading of it wholly intercepted. Per|haps, that pa&s;&s;age found in <HI>Petronius</HI> may be to this purpo&s;e, where <HI>Quartilla</HI> &s;ays, Truly I was &s;o tormented that night,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;itus, <HI>pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">bl. decad.</HI> 1. <HI>Quae&s;.</HI> 6.</NOTE> and &s;haked with cold &s;o dan|gerou&s;ly, that I feared a fit of a Tertian, and there|fore I &s;ought a Medicine for &s;leep. &para; If the Di&s;|ea&s;e retire not upon purging, I &s;hould certainly give <HI>Philonium</HI> before the fit: This will not onely be convenient to drive away a ba&s;tard Tertian,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Abr. Scyller, <HI>apud</HI> Schol|tzium. <HI>Ep.</HI> 3.</NOTE> but al&s;o to a&s;&s;uage pain. &para; That <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed Narcoticks in a Quartan, to check the motion of the humours, and hinder the di&s;per&s;ing of them, which is the pro|ximate cau&s;e of an Ague, is evident from <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>ver&s;.</HI> 206. <HI>Of Henbane &s;eed the quantity of a Millet-&s;eed, and as much of Mandrake, and of juice of</HI> Sil|phium <HI>the quantity of</HI> 3 <HI>Beans in Wine,</HI> &amp;c. &para; <HI>Platerus</HI> gave Syrup of Poppy to one in an Ague before the fit. <HI>Ob&s;er. l.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 173.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febrium Symptomata,</HI> or, Symptomes of Fevers.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In a febrile heat we mu&s;t cool cautiou&s;ly with Externals. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may let Bloud or Purge in a Loo&s;ne&s;s? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Pe&s;tilential one may be &s;topt? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One ari&s;ing in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be &s;topt. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;topping of a cholerick one, when it comes upon an Ague. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what contrivance it may be checkt? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One in an Acute Fever repre&s;&s;ed onely with Diet. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a&s;tringent Meat and Drink is proper? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There mu&s;t be one cure, if the retentive faculty be weak; and another, if the expul&s;ive be irritated. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t help a lo&s;t Appetite? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Olives and &s;alt Fi&s;h be always proper to recover it? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Angui&s;h may be kept off in an exqui&s;ite Tertian? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When and how the Head-ach may be cured. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured in an <HI>Hemitritaeus</HI> by opening the <HI>Saphaena</HI> Vein. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be proper for the Heart-burn? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The quieting of divers pains and re&s;tle&s;&s;ne&s;s. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the cold fit in an Ague may be mitigated? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Bleeding may be &s;topt? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a &s;ucceeding Drop&s;ie. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Blackne&s;s of the Tongue the u&s;e of Nitre is good. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether opening the veins under the Tongue be good for it? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In drine&s;s of it and of the whole, we mu&s;t not u&s;e ab&s;ter&s;ive drink. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When &s;uch drine&s;s is pre&s;ent, there is no room for Meat and Broth. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How drine&s;s from Bile may be amended? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a ba&s;tard Con&s;umption, that follows &s;ome Fevers. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Narcoticks may be given for a Phren&s;ie in a Fever? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge before we give a Narcotick. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mitigation of the cold fit. <HI>XXVIII, XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of the Hickup. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It has a peculiar cau&s;e in Fevers. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To endure Thir&s;t is hurtfull. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be quenched onely one way, but according to the diver&s;ity of the <HI>focus. XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sugared things increa&s;e it, but do not quench it. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care of it in an Ague fit. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Variety of drinks out of <HI>Hippocrates. XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t u&s;e common water, and when di&s;tilled. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep cau&s;ed by Art is not &s;o bad, as that which is natural. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not convenient in the beginning of a fit in a Tertian. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Sweats mu&s;t be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, others let alone, and others promoted. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of them, when they ari&s;e from the fault of the ma&s;s of bloud in the declen&s;ion of a Fever. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of dy&s;enterick &s;tools depends upon the cure of the Fe|ver. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mitigation of a cough. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure mu&s;t be taken of the Stomach. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of all the trouble&s;ome Symptomes that are about it. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t help watching with &s;afe Remedies. <HI>XLVI, XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> is good for it, and many other Symptomes. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;topping of a Vomit in malignant Fevers. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stopt in a fit of a Tertian by Pills of <HI>Aloes. L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When greater regard mu&s;t be had to the Symptomes, than to the Di&s;ea&s;e? <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in the u&s;e of Medicines may be taken from the Pul&s;e. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Noble-man being taken with a mo&s;t vio|lent Burning fever, asked an old Wo|man, that was by, to bring him a Pail full of cold water, which being done, he dipt his hands into the water, and when he found that the raging of the heat was allayed and extingui&s;hed by it, he held them in longer, at length when he drew them out, a livid Blackne&s;s had disfigured both of them with privation of &s;en&s;e: Earne&s;t endeavours were u&s;ed to recall the native heat, but all to no purpo&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 23.</NOTE> for for the plea&s;ure of his refre&s;hment he lo&s;t both his Life and Fingers. &para; A Woman, not being able to quench the heat of a Burning fever by drinking, wa&s;hed her mouth with cold water &s;o lavi&s;hly and frequently, that no warning was &s;ufficient to deter her from this mo&s;t gratefull Cooling. But the veins and arteries of her Palate and Throat being &s;traitned by this adventitious Cold, and the vapours in&s;pi&s;&s;a|ted, and &s;o the Spirits that endeavoured to go to the Brain, being &s;uppre&s;&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 4. 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> her Under&s;tanding not onely failed her, but with contracted Nerves al&s;o &s;he fell at length into inevitable Death.</P>
<P N="2">II. Some hold, that we mu&s;t never let bloud or purge in a Fever or Loo&s;ne&s;s, though the vacuation be not proportionable to the abundance. Others &s;ay, that there is room for either Remedy, if Nature move not perfectly. Each Sect errs, departing from <HI>Galen</HI>'s fundamentals: becau&s;e whether Nature moves perfectly or no, it may &s;o happen, that they may &s;ometimes be convenient, and &s;ometimes not: The rea&s;on is, the <HI>Indicantia</HI> may &s;ometimes indicate more than the <HI>Prohibentia</HI> prohibit; &s;ometimes the <HI>Prohiben|tia</HI> may prohibit more than the <HI>Indicantia</HI> do indicate. For example; Let a man be taken with a Fever and Loo&s;ne&s;s, and &s;uppo&s;e there be danger of his &s;trength failing, by rea&s;on of the Loo&s;ne&s;s, without doubt we mu&s;t then have mo&s;t regard to the &s;trength: But if this Fever were very malignant, and the Loo&s;ne&s;s not proportionable to the abundance, then if there were any fear le&s;t the malignity &s;hould furiou&s;ly run to the Heart or Brain, with certain danger of death, then undoubtedly the furious malignity would be more urgent, than the fear of the &s;trength's fai|ling through the Phy&s;ick or Bleeding: In which ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> meth. vitand. err. l. <HI>15.</HI> c. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> if it be true that we mu&s;t have mo&s;t regard to that which is mo&s;t urgent, we mu&s;t be forced to u&s;e both remedies. &para; When a Loo&s;ne&s;s attends an Ague, many are abhorrent from Purging; but this is &s;o far from di&s;&s;uading a Purge, that it intimates it &s;hould be ha&s;tened; for it is either crude and lien|terick, or cholerick, or bloudy: The crude per|&s;uades to drink &s;paringly, and requires Rheubarb, by which the crude humours being clean&s;ed, and the Stomach &s;trengthened, the flux will ea&s;ily cea&s;e: The bloudy requires likewi&s;e the u&s;e of Rheubarb, that the &s;harp and fretting bile, corroding the In|te&s;tines, may be purged away: a cholerick one, whether it be cau&s;ed &s;ymptomatically through the multitude and agitation of the humours, or by the &s;trength of Nature forcing it, requires vacuation
<PB N="173" REF="92"> made by Art,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. praci.</NOTE> that, part of the Load being &s;ubtract|ed, Nature may more ea&s;ily concoct the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="3">III. Prudence is nece&s;&s;ary in &s;topping a Loo&s;ne&s;s, coming upon a Pe&s;tilential fever. If it be &s;topt prepo&s;terou&s;ly, the Poi&s;onous matter is kept in, ca&s;ts down the &s;trength, and de&s;troys the Patient. We mu&s;t proceed thus; If it be &s;o moderate, that it do not &s;pend the &s;trength, it mu&s;t not be &s;topt, but onely moderated with &s;trengthning Cly&s;ters: If it be immoderate, and &s;pend the &s;trength much, it u&s;es to be colliquative, and may be &s;topt boldly; which, half a drachm of new Treacle, or 1 or 2 grains of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> will do effectually. I have often ob&s;erved a pernicious flux of the Belly, in which the Patient &s;eemed running to his de&s;truc|tion, to have been &s;topt, as it were in a moment, by giving powerfull Diaphoreticks in a large do&s;e: The Poi&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> to wit, being expelled, which, by vel|licating the Inte&s;tines and other Bowels, cau&s;ed that wa&s;ting flux.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A flux of the Belly, if it happen immediate|ly upon the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;eems there|fore to be &s;topt, becau&s;e at that time it comes ra|ther from the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e, than from the &s;trength of Nature, acting regularly, hence it is ne|ce&s;&s;ary, that upon it trouble and lo&s;s of &s;trength do follow; for of whatever fluxes Nature by it &s;elf is the Authour, they come not in the beginning, but after the <HI>cri&s;is</HI> of a Di&s;ea&s;e. Therefore it is ex|pedient to &s;trengthen Nature, oppre&s;&s;ed by the vio|lence of the Di&s;ea&s;e, with a Diet thicker than the &s;harpne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e requires; for this mu&s;t be indulged the Symptome. As, &s;uppo&s;e <HI>Socrates</HI> were &s;ick of a Burning fever with a Loo&s;ne&s;s, you mu&s;t not keep him with Drink alone (which Diet it other|wi&s;e does require) but with &s;upping of Creme of Pti&s;an, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;o advi&s;ing, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>de Vict. Acut.</HI> where he treats of another Burning fever. Thus therefore it is manife&s;t from <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> that in whatever Fevers the Belly is loo&s;e at the beginning; the Feveri&s;h per&s;ons mu&s;t be kept with a thicker diet, than the acutene&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e requires; for, for the mo&s;t part &s;uch fluxes of the Belly happening in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e, if they continue,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de Victu, Febr. c. <HI>39.</HI></NOTE> wa&s;te and con&s;ume the Body; where|fore they are &s;igns and effects of Colliquative Fe|vers.</P>
<P N="5">V. They that are &s;ick of Cholerick and Malig|nant Agues, e&s;pecially of a double Tertian, do, upon the return of the Fit, fall into a <HI>Cholera,</HI> through the abundance of mad Cholerick matter, who&s;e violence, if you do not &s;top, the Patient dies within 2 or 3 Fits. One was recovered from the jaws of Death by the help of the&s;e things; That I might prevent the next day's &s;torm, I ordered him to be refre&s;hed with thick Panado's and Gelly Broths, that a check might be given to the rage of the humours the next day. I pre&s;cribed Epi|themes and Electuaries of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, Bu|glo&s;s, Borage, pre&s;erved Myrobalanes, Pearl: But three hours before the Fit I ordered this admira|ble Cly&s;ter to be given, without which, if I am not mi&s;taken, there had been an end of the Patient; Take of Red Ro&s;es 1 handfull, boil them in Broth made of a Wether's Head and Feet. In one pound of it &s;trained di&s;&s;olve of new <HI>Venice</HI>-Treacle 2 drachms, 1 Yelk of an Egg. Make a Cly&s;ter. Which he kept till the return of the Fit, which brought his Loo&s;ne&s;s again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Pache|quus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>in</HI> River. <HI>ob&s;.</HI></NOTE> but much le&s;s than it was. And by in&s;i&s;ting on this method, I have &s;a|ved &s;everal that were given over for lo&s;t.</P>
<P N="6">VI. If in the cour&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e you find a Loo&s;ne&s;s ari&s;e, which u&s;es to come when the oppor|tunity of giving a Vomit is omitted; I &s;ay, in this ca&s;e, it is convenient to give a Vomit at any time of the Di&s;ea&s;e (except the &s;trength indicates the contrary) although the propen&s;ity to Vomit be long &s;ince pa&s;t. But becau&s;e I have done with this before, I will here &s;ubjoyn what is needfull to be done, if, although a Vomit have been given, a Loo&s;|ne&s;s do neverthele&s;s follow: Which yet is rare, un|le&s;s in a Symptomatick fever, where a Vomit does not onely not hinder this Symptome, but &s;ometime creates it. In this ca&s;e this Cly&s;ter did good above any A&s;tringents; Take of Pomegranate-rind half an ounce, Red Ro&s;es 2 Pugils, boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Cow's Milk, in half a pound of it &s;train+ed di&s;&s;olve 3 drachms of <HI>Dia&s;cordium.</HI> I would not per&s;wade you to give a larger quantity, and &s;o make the Loo&s;ne&s;s greater, which you had a mind to &s;top. You will object, It &s;eems more to the purpo&s;e, e&s;pecially when the Di&s;ea&s;e declines, ra|ther to &s;uffer a Loo&s;ne&s;s than to &s;top it, &s;eeing &s;ometimes it is critical, and puts an end to the di|&s;ea&s;e. I An&s;wer, I will not deny, but that &s;ome|times a Fever makes way for it &s;elf, and flies out at this Port; but this happens &s;o &s;eldom, that our hopes &s;hould not depend upon it; And now I mu&s;t add this, that the Secretion of certain parts, which is done by the excrement, is not onely nece&s;&s;ary for the genuine deputation of the Bloud; but it is required al&s;o, that other parts be &s;eparated, as Flowers, a thing which we daily &s;ee in other rich and heterogeneous Liquours. Therefore, if you indulge the Loo&s;ne&s;s too much, you will procure onely half that depuration, which is &s;o much de&s;i|red, and al&s;o that perhaps may be voided fir&s;t, which &s;hould have been rejected in the la&s;t place. I confe&s;s indeed, that when this Separation by Flowers is already made (which is u&s;ually done gradually and in&s;en&s;ibly, for the mo&s;t part, by a little more ample Tran&s;piration, rather than by manife&s;t Sweat) a Loo&s;ne&s;s, if it &s;hould chance to come, would portend no great danger. Yet we mu&s;t know, that it does not come for any other rea&s;on, but becau&s;e a Purge, de&s;igned to di&s;charge the ex|crements, was not admini&s;tred in &s;ea&s;on, by which &s;tay of theirs indeed the Excrements, having got the mode of &s;ome malignant ferment, do then irri|tate and &s;timulate the Guts to Excretion; that I may not &s;ay, that the very liquid con&s;i&s;tency of the excrements (for they are for the mo&s;t part &s;een in &s;uch a form) does &s;ufficiently indicate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</NOTE> that they mu&s;t not be e&s;teemed a critical &s;olution of the Di|&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It will not be much out of the way, to re|late the cure of a Woman, who was taken with a Burning fever, her Belly was always loo&s;e, &s;he got no &s;leep, and &s;he had an immoderate heat in her Stomach: Her &s;tools did not extingui&s;h the febrile heat. Some advi&s;ed her to drink Barley-water one|ly; for they judged, the acutene&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e did not require a thicker Diet: Others would have it better, to bridle the violence of the di&s;ea&s;e with Medicines: Others thought, the immoderate flux of the Belly was to be &s;topt with a&s;tringents, for this rea&s;on, becau&s;e the Patient found no relief from it: But indeed my opinion prevailed, that the Loo&s;ne&s;s &s;hould neither be &s;topt by A&s;tringents, nor that there was then any occa&s;ion for Medicines, and that they could u&s;e no remedy, that was more &s;ea&s;onable, than to &s;trengthen the Patient's Nature with a thicker Diet than was &s;uitable to the Di|&s;ea&s;e; &s;ince by this means &s;he might with le&s;s in|convenience bear the Symptome of a loo&s;e Belly. Wherefore I kept the Woman, for &s;ome days, with thick Chicken-broth tempered with convenient Herbs, and u&s;ed no other remedy. So indeed &s;he e&s;caped an acute di&s;ea&s;e, onely by an agreeable Di|et. Whence I gathered, that in an acute Fever, with an immoderate flux of the Belly, it is the whol&s;ome&s;t thing for the Phy&s;ician onely to take care,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de victu Febr.</NOTE> that he &s;trengthen nature with a thick Diet.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. But then it ought to be con&s;idered, when we mu&s;t u&s;e a&s;tringent Meat and Drink. In acute Fevers we do by all means endeavour to drive the efficient cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e out of the Body, and
<PB N="174" REF="93"> when any evacuation happens &s;pontaneou&s;ly, al|though it be made un&s;ea&s;onably, it mu&s;t not be &s;topt for this rea&s;on, becau&s;e it is to be &s;u&s;pected, that &s;ome &s;hare of the noxious &s;uperabundant humour is voided. Although we know for certain, that in the&s;e un&s;ea&s;onable Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es, much of that which is u&s;efull and convenient for Nature is evacuated, we mu&s;t not for that rea&s;on &s;top the Loo&s;ne&s;s; for a greater inconvenience u&s;ually follows upon the re|tention of an ill humour, the Fever increa&s;ing, and its Symptoms therefore increa&s;ing, which devour the &s;trength, than the Damage of the weakne&s;s is, which they that go the contrary way to work, might fear; Wherefore, taking care for the Fever, and its Symptoms, we provide for the &s;trength by a thick Diet. Yet it is to be under&s;tood, that we give cooling and thick Broths onely in &s;uch a flux as is cau&s;ed by Colliquative Fevers, and Drink that participates of an a&s;tringent faculty, more to with&s;tand the Colliquation, than to &s;top the Flux: For it is not advi&s;able to keep in the Body, what is already di&s;&s;olved from the parts, by the violent burning of the Fever. For this rea&s;on, <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> when in <HI>lib. de rat. vict.</HI> he had mentioned Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es in Fevers in &s;everal places, makes onely once men|tion of an a&s;tringent Drink and Broth, of a thick con&s;i&s;tence; to wit, when the Belly is loo&s;e and colliquative; <HI>It &s;eems to me,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>that cooling and thick Broths &s;hould be given, and vinous Drinks, which may &s;top, or even more a&s;tringent ones.</HI> But in the re&s;t he &s;ometimes advi&s;es to give a Purge, &s;o far is he from per&s;wading Men to &s;top tho&s;e fluxes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. But we mu&s;t know, that all Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es come from two cau&s;es, namely, from the hurt, either of the expul&s;ive, or of the retentive faculty. When it is cau&s;ed by the irritation of the expul&s;ive, it is not &s;afe to &s;top the flux with A&s;tringents, e&s;pecial|ly in acute Di&s;ea&s;es: But when it comes from the weakne&s;s of the Retentive, it mu&s;t be &s;topt with A&s;tringent meats and drinks, in every Fever and in every Di&s;ea&s;e. Therefore in Colliquative fevers, by rea&s;on that the Colliquation argues weakne&s;s of the Retentive faculty, more than any &s;trength or irritation of the expul&s;ive; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does not without rea&s;on order Men to give thick and cool|ing Broths, and Vinous and A&s;tringent Drink, which may bind. Therefore, in what di&s;ea&s;es &s;oever the Belly is loo&s;e, through the weakne&s;s of the reten|tive faculty, we mu&s;t u&s;e A&s;tringent meat and drink in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> taking our indication rather from the Sym|ptome than from the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="10">X. People in Fevers &s;ometimes labour under a dejection of Appetite, &s;o that their Bodies wither with an Atrophy. And &s;eeing it has manifold cau|&s;es, no Meat can &s;imply be commended to re&s;tore it. Not onely the intemperature of the mouth of the Stomach dejects it, but al&s;o whatever humour it is, which dulls the &s;en&s;e of the mouth of the Stomach, or hinders the contraction of its parts. Now the Intemperature is for the mo&s;t part hot, with either contrariety, dry and moi&s;t, joined with an humour, and without any. When Heat and Moi|&s;ture are the Cau&s;e, Capers with Vinegar, Pickled Olives, and Broth of Lentils are good: But when Heat is joined with drine&s;s, cold Water does mo&s;t good, unle&s;s &s;omething prohibit it, Lettuce, Gourds, Melons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which is the rea&s;on, why in Summer-time we u&s;e them at the beginning of a Meal, that &s;o we may repre&s;s the Heat and Drine&s;s of the Sto|mach, after which we find we have better Sto|machs to our Victuals. The Appetite is al&s;o de|jected, for want of contraction of the parts of the Stomach: This is a di&s;po&s;ition contrary to it, which &s;ome call Remollition, or Relaxation of the Sto|mach; it has its ri&s;e from a phlegmatick humour, that has long hung about the Stomach, and moi&s;t|ned its Coats, which <HI>Galen</HI> mentions <HI>m. m.</HI> where he allows drinking of Wormwood for a Medicine for this Ail. This Relaxation renders the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the Stomach &s;mooth, whereby it dejects the appe|tite; for the appetite is a Sen&s;e of &s;ome exa&s;pera|ting thing, or ari&s;es from it; Wherefore Worm|wood may be rightly &s;aid to procure an Appetite: for by its drine&s;s it corrects a lax Stomach, by its bitterne&s;s and a&s;triction, it makes the &s;mooth <HI>&s;uperfi|cies</HI> rough. Wherefore when the Appetite is de|cayed through relaxation of the Stomach, we mu&s;t u&s;e Wormwood. Salt-fi&s;h al&s;o is very effectual to this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Sometimes al&s;o it comes to pa&s;s, that a crude hu|mour &s;ticking long to the Coats of the Stomach, cau&s;es Loathing: Whatever things therefore have a faculty of voiding this, and making the Stomach rough, are properly &s;aid to rai&s;e an Appetite, by rea&s;on, that for the mo&s;t part Loathing of Food ari&s;es from the &s;aid cau&s;e. Among hot things, Gar|lick and Onions are &s;uch: for Garlick has an ex|cretive faculty, it bites and dries the Stomach, ac|cording to <HI>Dio&s;corides:</HI> And whereas it is &s;aid that Garlick is windy, and cau&s;es Loathing, it is frivo|lous; for we find by daily experience, that it is no &s;light remedy for wind, and that it procures a Sto|mach, and <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>de rat. Vict.</HI> is of the &s;ame mind. Whoever therefore have a loath&s;omene&s;s to their Victuals, by rea&s;on of crude humours long &s;ticking to the Stomach, they may with good effect u&s;e Gar|lick &s;teeped in the juice of &s;owre Grapes, or of Sor|rel. And there is likewi&s;e a clean&s;ing faculty in O|nions, according to <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> and they bite the Sto|mach, for which rea&s;on they rai&s;e an Appetite: Who|ever therefore through want of exerci&s;e, or a weak expul&s;ive faculty, have a drow&s;ie &s;en&s;e in the mouth of their Stomach, and upon that occa&s;ion loath their victuals, they may beneficially u&s;e raw Onions cut into thin &s;lices with Water, Salt and Pepper. Mu|&s;tard al&s;o brui&s;ed, with Vinegar and Bread, renders the &s;en&s;e of the Stomach more acute. Par&s;ley boil|ed with Meat, rai&s;es an appetite, without any acti|on, that is taken from the manife&s;t qualities:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> It is al&s;o admirably good, beaten with Vinegar and Bread.</P>
<P N="11">XI. One of the <HI>Arabians</HI> writes thus; <HI>Among tho&s;e things that are good for them, who have lo&s;t their appetite through weakne&s;s, as in people upon recovery from &s;ickne&s;s, or by rea&s;on of a moi&s;t vi&s;cous matter, this is one, to eat Olives and &s;ome Salt-fi&s;h.</HI> But as Olives are hurtfull to them, who&s;e Bellies abound with a moi&s;t vi&s;cous humour, &s;o is Salt-fi&s;h for people upon recovery, who loath Meat becau&s;e of their weakne&s;s: for ac|cording to the opinion of that Phy&s;ician, their Ap|petite is lo&s;t for want of bloud, as (&s;aith he) it happens to tho&s;e that are upon recovery, or to tho&s;e that are evacuated with a great evacuation: I think the u&s;e of Salt-fi&s;h would rather be an Inconveni|ence than a benefit to either, when they loath food:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> But neither do pickled-Olives make them any bet|ter.</P>
<P N="12">XII. To keep off the Angui&s;h, <HI>Aretaeus</HI> gave wa&s;ht-Bread, &s;prinkled with cold juice of unripe Grapes, before the Fit. &para; But <HI>Trallianus</HI> his experiment &s;eems to me &s;omething ra&s;h, who, an hour before the Fit, gave Pumpions, made very cold, to be eaten, then pre&s;ently gave them &s;tore of cold Wa|ter to drink, and &s;o frequently prevented the Fit, while &s;ome fell into a &s;weat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> and others voided great &s;tore of choler by &s;tool.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. I derive the Head-ach, which is &s;ometime very violent, during the Febrile heat, e&s;pecially from a &s;alt lixivious acrimony; hence I have ob|&s;erved, that it gives way chiefly to Emul&s;ions, which are often commended by u&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and which I know are very proper to temper any, but e&s;peci|ally a Salt Acrimony: Yet here not onely Ano|dynes but Narcoticks al&s;o are convenient.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. One had a <HI>Hemitritaeus</HI> Ague, with a mo&s;t violent Head-ach, and that a continual one, he was four times let bloud in the Arms to no purpo&s;e:
<PB N="175" REF="93"> But it was taken away in an hour's time, by letting bloud in the right-ancle, in the end of the &s;ixth day. Here young Practitioners may &s;ee, how good the revul&s;ion from the head is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 40.</NOTE> by opening the <HI>Saphaena's.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. The Heart-burn is two-fold, one, which is cau&s;ed by the <HI>ichor</HI> of the bloud gathered in the Veins, when it u&s;ed otherwi&s;e to be evacuated by the Haemorrhoids; of which, <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <HI>Prorrhet. Sect.</HI> 3. <HI>Aph.</HI> 38. Another, which is cau&s;ed by an humour, and e&s;pecially a cholerick one, which he, 1 <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 14. writes, is &s;ometimes poi&s;onous. Which divi|&s;ion holding good, I &s;ay, that although upon the account of the Fever a Vein &s;hould be breathed, neverthele&s;s we mu&s;t fir&s;t abate the Heart-burn; for where it is, and it is cau&s;ed by bile, there is neither an indicant nor a permittent, for it is not cau&s;ed by bloud, and &s;trength is low: Moreover, there would be an attraction of the &s;harp humours that are in the Stomach, to the Veins, whence would come a greater mi&s;chief. But if the Heart-burn come from an <HI>ichor</HI> in the bloud, although upon that &s;core there be an Indicant, yet there wants a permittent: for in every Heart-burn the &s;trength is weak, &s;eeing there is pain, to which a dolorifick quality, which is very trouble&s;ome, is joined, &s;o that hence a car|diack <HI>Syncope</HI> often ari&s;es. But becau&s;e the <HI>ichor</HI> of the bloud, which u&s;ed to be purged by the hae|morrhoids, is retained, therefore in a Fever with this Symptome, from &s;uch a cau&s;e, it will not be inconvenient to open the Haemorrhoid Veins: for Bloud taken away by them, weakens not &s;o much. But when the Heart-burn cea&s;es, and the Fever &s;till continues, and requires breathing of a Vein, if any one ask, Whether we may let bloud? I &s;ay, that if the Heart-burn, its cau&s;e being extirpated, be at an end, without doubt, upon the account of the Fe|ver, if the &s;trength will allow it, a Vein may be o|pened: But if the Heart-burn cea&s;e, and the Phy|&s;ician be not certain whether it may not revive a|gain, he ought to go warily to work, and rather ab&s;tain from it, becau&s;e he doubts the cau&s;e lies there &s;till. Hence it appears, that a Phy&s;ician's dexterity is requi&s;ite in this ca&s;e: for although it be made u&s;e of, while the &s;trength is good, yet the Patients, for the greater part, are afterwards de|&s;troyed, or &s;carce come to them&s;elves again, the Heart-burn coming again at la&s;t, as I have often ob&s;erved.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus <HI>Re&s;p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> But I always ab&s;tain from bloud-letting, and the cure &s;ucceeds well.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. When grievous Pains exerci&s;e the &s;ick, when re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s from the agitation of the humours is ob&s;erved in them, prudent Phy&s;icians u&s;e to have recour&s;e to Opiates and Narcoticks, as to their Sheet-Anchor; which is done, ina&s;much as all Nar|coticks and Anodynes abound in Sulphur, who&s;e property it is to qualify every &s;harp, as well acid as lixivious, a thing which may be made good by infinite Medical in&s;tances. Hence it is, at lea&s;t in my judgment, that Narcoticks and Opiates, Treacle, Mithridate, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> &amp;c. given in the beginning of Agues, that ari&s;e from a vitious efferve&s;cency, dimini&s;h, check, and &s;ometimes &s;top the violence of the Ague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> which even the common people know.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. We have &s;hewn, that Vapours and Wind may be produced by humours in the &s;mall Guts, up|on the meeting of the Pancreatick juice, choler and phlegm, but more plentifully and noxiou&s;ly in the beginning of Ague-fits, and when they are in the in|crea&s;e, yea, at the height: Although, according to the&s;e various times, various vapours and wind u&s;e to ari&s;e, according as this or that humour has the predominance, which is well known to them that attend to the complaints of the &s;ick, and ob&s;erve their circum&s;tances often differing very much among them&s;elves. For when the Fit begins, and the Cold is violent, the vapours that are carried up, u&s;e to be more au&s;tere, acid and glutinous, whereas they which are every way di&s;per&s;ed, when the heat be|gins, are more &s;ubtile and furious, and increa&s;e the eruption of &s;weat, till the going of it off. Where|fore each of them mu&s;t be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with a &s;everal Medicine: For whereas when the Cold begins, and as long as it la&s;ts, Volatile Salts, and Aromatick Oils, and in particular, Oil of Cloves, are good; So when the heat is violent, Spirit of Nitre &s;hould be preferred, as well pure, as the &s;weet, mixt with drink, whereby at the &s;ame time, Sweat, wi&s;hed for by Agui&s;h per&s;ons, is promoted, and ends the Di|&s;ea&s;e, if it be not too much, and &s;pend the &s;trength. And when there is fear of &s;uch Vapours, becau&s;e the like have been ob&s;erved already in the prece|ding paroxy&s;ms, it is good, a long time before the coming of the Fit, to take a &s;mall quantity of tho&s;e Medicines for correcting and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing them, which mu&s;t therefore be mo&s;t proper for preventing them. By means whereof, I have ob&s;erved, Patients grew always better,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> and by little and little overcame unexpre&s;&s;ible Anxieties.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. So it is &s;ometimes, that bleeding at the No&s;e does follow, either becau&s;e over-hot Medi|cines have been given at the beginning of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, or becau&s;e the ebullition has not been &s;uffici|ently re&s;trained, that is, either when the Patient is in the flower of his Age, or the &s;ea&s;on of the year helps towards it. If it be thus, things that are commonly u&s;ed to &s;top the motion of the bloud, will little avail. Letting of bloud, Ligatures, A|&s;tringent Medicines, Agglutinants, things that tem|per the acrimony of the Bloud, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For although, ac|cording to the skill and prudence of the Phy&s;ician, one may u&s;e this or the other of them; yet the whole &s;tre&s;s of the affair lies on this, to give a check to the ebullition of the Bloud by &s;ome proper Me|dicine, which may &s;top and compo&s;e its violence. It is true indeed, if the Symptome may be &s;topt apart, the means we have enumerated may be proper e|nough, e&s;pecially Bloud-letting, nor &s;hould I &s;cru|ple to u&s;e them; but certainly they do not &s;uffici|ently reach (if you onely except Bloud-letting) the cau&s;e of this Symptome, which indeed you can with no more rea&s;on endeavour to take away by the afore&s;aid things, than if you &s;hould offer to put out the fire with a Sword. Therefore in this ca&s;e, when other things have been tried in vain, I am wont to u&s;e &s;ome &s;uch thing as this; Take of Wa|ter of Pur&s;lain, Red Popy, each 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Syrupus de Meconio</HI> 5 drachms, Syrup of Cow&s;lip Flow|ers half an ounce. Mix them, make a draught. But I would not have the&s;e things &s;o under&s;tood, as though I would have every Haemorrhage thus im|mediately cured, becau&s;e oftentimes it mu&s;t rather be let alone, and it may doe the Patient much good, partly by repre&s;&s;ing too great Ebullition, and partly &s;ometimes by critically putting an end to the di&s;ea&s;e. And indeed it will little avail to give the afore&s;aid check to this Symptome, before it have run out for a little time, or al&s;o before a Vein have been opened in the Arm. And we mu&s;t diligently ob&s;erve this, that this, and all other immoderate Haemorrhagies have this peculiar to them, that as &s;oon as they are in any mea&s;ure &s;topt, unle&s;s &s;ome gentle Purge be given, there is fear that the Pati|ent will &s;uffer a Relap&s;e, and therefore we mu&s;t Purge, although (if the times of the Fever be con|&s;idered) it u&s;es to be given &s;omething later,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and ought &s;o, but that this Symptome happened.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It often happens that Drop&s;ies do follow, when a Man is not carefully Purged after Autum|nal Agues; But they are ea&s;ily cured when the di&s;ea&s;e is new, by means of Aperients and Catharticks. Nor am I concerned, when I hear and perceive that the di&s;ea&s;e aro&s;e hence: for then I conceive hopes of a good i&s;&s;ue of the affair: for I have cured &s;ome by the u&s;e of the following Apozeme, even without mixing any thing more appropriate to the Drop&s;ie; Take of the Root of Monk's Rheubarb
<PB N="176" REF="94"> 2 ounces, Roots of <HI>A&s;paragus,</HI> Butcher's Broom, Par|&s;ley, and Polypody of the Oak, each 1 ounce, the middle rind of A&s;h, of Tamarisk each half an ounce, Leaves of Agrimony, <HI>Ceterach,</HI> and Maiden-hair each 1 handfull, clean <HI>Senna</HI> 3 ounces, be&s;prinkled with 1 ounce and an half of the be&s;t White-wine, Tro|chi&s;cs of Agarick 2 drachms, Fenil-&s;eeds 4 &s;cruples. Boil them in Spring-water to 1 pound and an half. In the Colature di&s;&s;olve of Syrup of Cichory with Rheubarb, and <HI>Magi&s;tralis ad Melancholiam</HI> 1 ounce and an half. The Do&s;e half a pound, every morn|ing for three days; And let it be repeated as often as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem,</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Blackne&s;s and drine&s;s of Tongue is a fre|quent Symptome of Burning fevers, with a violent inflammation; becau&s;e, that an immoderate febrile heat, together with &s;harp vapours, exhales, and is mo&s;t readily received into the &s;pongy &s;ub&s;tance of the Tongue, on which, defluxions concurring, it brings roughne&s;s and blackne&s;s. They of <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> and <HI>Hungary,</HI> where &s;uch Symptoms of the Jaws do ve|ry often occur, by rea&s;on of the frequency of mo&s;t violent Burning fevers, di&s;&s;olve Trochi&s;cs of Nitre, prepared with Flowers of Sulphur, in water, as a &s;ingular and &s;pecifick remedy, which they do not onely drink plentifully, to quench the febrile heat; but they u&s;e it al&s;o in form of a Gargari&s;m, to cor|rect the roughne&s;s and blackne&s;s of the Tongue, not becau&s;e of a certain Elementary frigidity, coagu|lating things heterogeneous with homogeneous, which cannot be &s;uppo&s;ed in this place; but be|cau&s;e of an Armoniack and Vitriolate Acidity, which is able to di&s;&s;olve Bodies, and re&s;train and coagulate the ferocient Spirits, which may ea&s;ily be demon&s;trated from the preparation of <HI>Mercury,</HI> and other changes of natural things. The vulgar preparation of <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> with Sulphur (as S. <HI>Clo&s;|&s;aeus</HI> ob&s;erves) may &s;uffice for the <HI>Prunella,</HI> and other outward Ails: but it is not &s;o good for inward u&s;es and Burning fevers, contrary to their opinion, who contend, that Salt-petre is then finely prepa|red for Medicine, that is, if it be burnt four times at lea&s;t with Sulphur, and as often filtred and coa|gulated: For they &s;ay, there are crude Spirits in it, which, unle&s;s they exhale, and be di&s;&s;ipated, will doe no &s;mall harm to the Stomach. But the&s;e Men do not take notice, that the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Petre-Stone abounds with the&s;e firm and pontick Spirits, which, if they call crude, I will not much gain&s;ay them: But they are &s;o far from being corrected by this detonation, that the parts more &s;ubtile, and fitter for cooling, fly away with the Sul|phur into the Air, and if this conflagration la&s;t long, nothing el&s;e at length will remain, but a bit|ter, fixt and porous Salt, endued with a heating and drying quality, a thing which it will not be difficult for them to divine, who have learned to get out the Spirit of this Chymical <HI>Cerberus</HI> by in|jection of Particles of Sulphur. Therefore all the skill lies in purging of this Salt, and in the right way of giving of it. Take therefore a &s;ufficient quantity of the pure&s;t Salt-Petre, melt it in a cruci|ble in a moderate fire: Afterwards ca&s;t it into a good quantity of common Barber's Ly (but howe|ver let it be hot, otherwi&s;e it would flie in your face) let it di&s;&s;olve in it, filtre and evaporate it half away; then &s;et it in a cold place, and mo&s;t pure Cry&s;tals will be gathered at the bottom, which in goodne&s;s and finene&s;s far excell the &s;e|cond and third that will follow; &s;eparate them, and then di&s;&s;olve them in Ro&s;e-water: On the o|ther hand al&s;o, di&s;&s;olve as much Sugar in &s;ome Cor|dial-water, or in the &s;ame; mix the&s;e Solutions, and boil them according to Art, that the Cry&s;tals may be gathered in a Cellar, the u&s;e of which will be about half a drachm, or 2 &s;cruples in Pti&s;an, or Pectoral Decoction, for &s;o they e&s;cape the &s;en&s;e of the Palate. Otherwi&s;e, if you give Mineral Cry|&s;tal in di&s;tilled-waters, you will find an Urinous and biting Ta&s;te,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;tius <HI>in Pro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> which will create trouble to the Stomach.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I never advi&s;ed any one to Bleed under the Tongue, though Barber-Chirurgeons &s;ome|times per&s;wade to it. And what this can doe, e&s;pecially when there is no Quin&s;ey, but onely the Tongue rough and black, through heat in the Bow|els, I do not &s;ee.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senner<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">es, <HI>Ep.</HI> 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</HI> 1.</NOTE> Let the heat in the Bowels be taken away, this Symptome will ea&s;ily cea&s;e. &para; Yet <HI>Franc. de le Bo&euml; Sylvius</HI> admits it. <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30. A Fever, &s;aith he, accompanied with a pur|ple-black colour, and a dry heat in the Tongue and Jaws, will be cured, if be&s;ides univer&s;als, conveni|ent for &s;uch a high Burning fever, tho&s;e things in particular be u&s;ed, which have been ob&s;erved to doe good to this heat, drine&s;s and ill colour of the parts of the mouth, among which Gargari&s;ms are e&s;pecially commended, of a decoction of Self-heal (which had its name <HI>Prunella,</HI> as they &s;ay, from curing this di&s;ea&s;e, which is called by the &s;ame name.) O|pening the Veins under the Tongue is good al&s;o, and e&s;pecially when they are ob&s;erved to &s;well, and yield &s;ome &s;ign of a Quinzy at hand, or there already: for it is no new thing for a Quinzy to be joined with this Symptome.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Cold water is a thing, which conquers thir&s;t mo&s;t of all others. In the &s;econd place is Barley-water: In the third is Syrup of Violets di|luted with &s;tore of Water. Our Moderns often u&s;e Water and Sugar: But we ought diligently to con&s;ider, that we may not u&s;e it, nor any Ab|&s;ter&s;ive, in an exceeding drine&s;s of the Tongue, or of the whole Body; for &s;uch things make the Body drier, as experience hath formerly taught me. In <HI>England</HI> I vi&s;ited a <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Boy of a thin and exceeding &s;qualid habit of Body. His Tongue was beyond mea&s;ure rough and dry, &s;o that he could &s;carce &s;peak, and he had an in&s;atiable thir&s;t. I thought good to give this Boy cold wa|ter, and I put &s;ome Sugar in it, to correct the gro&s;s|ne&s;s of the water: And when his thir&s;t was not a|bated by drinking cold water, I attributing it to the fault of the water, gave him di&s;tilled Buglo&s;s|water, becau&s;e there could be nothing gro&s;s in it, with Sugar; and when upon plentifull and frequent drinking of it, he &s;till grew drier, at length I under&s;tood, that in an exceeding drine&s;s, things which have an ab&s;ter&s;ive faculty, are not proper, be|cau&s;e they render the body and humours drier. For to make u&s;e of ab&s;ter&s;ives onely, is ju&s;t as if you &s;hould laboriou&s;ly rub foul Linen with Soap with|out Water, to get the dirt out; for the more Soap you u&s;e, the le&s;s good you will doe, and you will onely rub the filth more in; for you &s;hould fir&s;t &s;teep your Linen in Water, that the filth, which you would get out, may be moi&s;tned: So Women fir&s;t &s;uffer their Linen to be &s;teept long in Water, u&s;e &s;hewing them the way. When therefore Mens bodies are very much parched, Ab&s;tergents mu&s;t be avoid|ed, for then the humours are not to be clean&s;ed, but rather to be moi&s;tned; yet when you have made them moi&s;t enough, you may &s;ecurely u&s;e Ab|&s;ter&s;ives, as <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de vict. Acut.</HI> in&s;tructs us; <HI>The quantity of Broth to be given mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in this manner, to wit, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be drier than one would think; we mu&s;t not give much, but give Water and Honey, or Wine be|fore the Broth, as &s;hall be mo&s;t convenient. Galen,</HI> in his Ex|po&s;ition, recounting the &s;igns, by which we may know a dry Di&s;ea&s;e, writes thus; <HI>And truely,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de vict. Febr. c. <HI>28.</HI></NOTE> &s;aith he, <HI>to void none of the Superfluities, is a &s;ign of a dry Di|&s;ea&s;e: Therefore</HI> Hippocrates <HI>does not without rea&s;on order &s;ome moi&s;tning thing to be taken before Pti&s;an.</HI></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. And not onely Ab&s;tergents mu&s;t be avoided in &s;uch a Di&s;po&s;ition, but al&s;o all manner of Meat and Broth. For we mu&s;t u&s;e onely moi&s;tning drink for them, who&s;e Tongue and whole Body are be|yond mea&s;ure dry. Becau&s;e if you &s;hould give them Broth, part of the Broth, which is of a thicker &s;ub&s;tance, &s;ticking to the coats of the Sto|mach,
<PB N="177" REF="94"> becau&s;e of their exceeding drine&s;s, would be rather burnt by the febrile heat, than concocted; ju&s;t as Meat &s;ticking to the pot is burnt, when it wants moi&s;ture. And this was <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his mind in the place before quoted, where he orders Pati|ents to drink Honey and Water, or Wine before their Broth, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is beyond mea&s;ure dry. Meaning, that in &s;uch a Di&s;ea&s;e, the Sick mu&s;t be fir&s;t nouri&s;hed with moi&s;tning Drink, till the drine&s;s be over, and then they may proceed to Broths.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. But I know this for certain, that the drine&s;s which comes upon the Tongue, and the whole Body from the quality of Burning Choler, is much &s;tronger than that which proceeds onely from the thickne&s;s of the humours. Wherefore it was well remembred above (<HI>Paragraph.</HI> XXII.) that Water and Sugar mu&s;t be avoided, and all Ab&s;ter|&s;ives, and that moi&s;tning Drink mu&s;t onely be u&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. It happens &s;ometimes, e&s;pecially in old Men, when the Fever is cured, and the Body has been &s;ufficiently purged, that the Patient notwith|&s;tanding is very weak, and expectorates great &s;tore of glutinous and vi&s;cous Phlegm, &s;ometimes by coughing, and &s;ometimes by hawking: Which Symptome not onely &s;trikes terrour into the Pati|ent, but has impo&s;ed on the Phy&s;ician al&s;o, e&s;pe|cially the le&s;s wary, and made him believe, as if this affection were the fore-runner of a Con&s;umpti|on, although I have ob&s;erved the thing is not &s;o dangerous. In this al&s;o I order the Patient to drink old <HI>Malaga, Canary</HI> or Mu&s;cadel Wine with a To&s;te, which &s;trengthens the <HI>Cr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;is</HI> of the bloud, much weakned with the foregoing ae&s;tuation (and there|fore unable to a&s;&s;imilate the Juice of what is late|ly taken) and it drives away this Symptome in a very few days time, as I have found by frequent experience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. If the Patient, either by taking hot Me|dicines either un&s;ucce&s;sfully or un&s;ea&s;onably, or be|ing of too hot a Con&s;titution by nature, fall into a Phren&s;ie, we mu&s;t look back to the Di&s;ea&s;e and Symptome, which may be done by giving &s;ome Narcotick in a larger Do&s;e: For although when the Fever is &s;trong, things that have a narcotick facul|ty be not altogether &s;o proper, and do not obtain the end the Phy&s;ician drives at, yet given &s;ea&s;ona|bly and in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, they yield excellent Effects; but, before, they can doe no good; partly, becau&s;e they cannot &s;top the fermen|tation running on with violence and impetuo&s;ity, though given in never &s;o great a Do&s;e; and partly, becau&s;e by u&s;ing this Medicine, a &s;tay is given to the peccant matter, at that time equably mixt with the ma&s;s of bloud, and not as then inclining to|wards &s;eparation, and then Depuration, &s;o much de&s;ired, is hindred. And therefore I declare it as a thing mo&s;t certain, that <HI>Laudanum,</HI> or any other Narcoticks, given to ea&s;e this Symptome, either in the beginning, increa&s;e or &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, ei|ther doe no good at all, or, as it often falls out, doe much harm, but if they be given but in a mo|derate Do&s;e in the declination of the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, they have good &s;ucce&s;s. Once indeed I gave a Nar|cotick on the twelfth day of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and not in vain; but &s;ooner I never knew it given with &s;ucce&s;s. But if you defer the giving it till the four|teenth day, it will doe the more good, becau&s;e &s;e|paration is then perfectly made. Nor does this de|lay, although perhaps this Symptome may terrifie the By-&s;tanders, cau&s;e &s;udden Death: for I have of|ten ob&s;erved, that this thing may and u&s;ually does give truce, till it may be &s;ea&s;onable to proceed to Narcoticks, at lea&s;t, if care be taken, that the Intemperature begun be not farther inflamed by gi|ving Cordials and hot Medicines, in which ca&s;e the Patients &s;uddenly dye.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Here I would add this, if this Symptome would give &s;o long truce, as that a Man might con|veniently be purged before he take the Narcotick, this Medicine would yield &s;o much the better ef|fect. Wherefore I u&s;e to pre&s;cribe 2 &s;cruples of <HI>Pilul. Cochiar. maj.</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Betony-water, about ten or twelve hours before I give the Narcotick. Nor need we fear the tumult which this hot ma&s;s of Pills u&s;ually rai&s;es, for the virtue of the follow|ing Narcotick will make amends for that di&s;tur|bance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and will cau&s;e mo&s;t &s;weet and kindly Re&s;t.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. As <HI>D. D. Ol. Borrichius</HI> did plainly remove an exqui&s;ite Tertian with Bottles full of hot water, placed round about the Body, which cau&s;ed Sweat: So in the year 1674. I cured the Wife of <HI>N.</HI> of the &s;ame Symptome, when &s;he was taken, in the fir&s;t month of her being with Child, with an unu&s;ual Shivering and Cold all over her Body, and was much weakned thereby,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Schu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l|zius, <HI>in m. ei|an</HI> 1676. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 140.</NOTE> by putting a bottle full of hot water under the &s;oles of her feet, &s;he &s;wea|ting plentifully after it.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Some &s;et them, that are afflicted with a violent cold fit at the beginning, in a Bath, in which al&s;o hot Herbs have been boiled. But le&s;t &s;ome er|rour &s;hould be committed in it, or that the hot fit &s;hould grow &s;tronger, certainly it were mo&s;t con|venient to foment the Stomach and Heart with a warm Decoction of hot Herbs, as Mint, Worm|wood, Rue, Wild-marjoram, Chamaemil and Dill, with Ani&s;e and Fenil &s;eeds. The beginning of the Fever being made hot, the Shaking is often di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, and the &s;tate of the <HI>Praecordia</HI> is much better.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. I have often ob&s;erved, that the Hickup a|ri&s;es from the di&s;turbance and tumult rai&s;ed by churli&s;h Medicines in the Stomach and parts ad|joining: For the &s;topping and reducing of which to their ancient peace, when the &s;trength of Na|ture is not &s;ufficient, there is great danger immi|nent. Therefore we mu&s;t &s;o direct our Cure, that what Nature of her &s;elf could not accompli&s;h, Art may: And, by giving a large do&s;e of <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> that is, 2. drachms, with Dill-&s;eed and other Spe|cificks, I never failed of my intention.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. An Hickup in Fevers &s;ometimes follows the intemperate u&s;e of cooling Juleps; as I have &s;een &s;everal in this condition, through the unadvi&s;ed ra&s;hne&s;s of Phy&s;icians. And I took away this Sym|ptome, contrary to the opinion of them all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lemnius.</NOTE> by drinking of Wine.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 20.</NOTE> Our Country Phy&s;icians de&s;erve to be chid, who macerate People &s;ick of Fevers with un|&s;ea&s;onable thir&s;t: for they de&s;troy not a few with vain enduring of thir&s;t. &para; Some ob&s;erve the &s;ame rule in all feveri&s;h per&s;ons; namely, they indu&s;tri|ou&s;ly ab&s;tain from drinking of cold water, for which rea&s;on, in the year 1649. an infinite number almo&s;t of &s;ick per&s;ons was de&s;troyed: When notwith|&s;tanding, the Fevers were continual, with a mix|ture of divers humours, and e&s;pecially of Choler, yet not alone. When Men were tormented with the greate&s;t thir&s;t, they died parched up. When the dead bodies were di&s;&s;ected, the Stomach, Heart, Lungs and other inward parts appeared as it were burnt;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus, <HI>Pentec.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 8.</NOTE> wherefore we re&s;tored our mi&s;erable Pati|ents to their health by cooling and moi&s;tning them.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. We mu&s;t not omit, that Thir&s;t may &s;ometime proceed from the Stomach, &s;ometimes from the Liver, or the Lungs, or Kidneys, as <HI>Galen, in lib. de loc. affectib.</HI> writes. That which has its ri&s;e from the Lungs is quenched with Barley-water and Syrup of Violets; from the Liver, with cold di&s;til|led Waters; from the Stomach, with drinking cold Water; from the Kidneys, it is cooled with a De|coction of Liquorice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Many People give their Patients, who are well nigh dead with Thir&s;t, abundance of things pre&s;erved in Sugar, as Con&s;erves of the &s;owre of Citron, Jujubes, which though without
<PB N="178" REF="95"> Sugar they may perhaps quench thir&s;t; yet mixt with Sugar, it is impo&s;&s;ible they &s;hould take away thir&s;t. Women &s;ee, and Children know, that Su|gar increa&s;es thir&s;t. It were better to take nothing at all, becau&s;e if the Tongue were not made foul with the&s;e &s;weet things, it would for &s;everal hours time be troubled with le&s;s thir&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> &para; Indu&s;triou&s;ly ab&s;tain from Syrups and Con&s;erves in all Fevers, for Sugar ea&s;ily turning into Choler, fewel is given to the Fever.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 22.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. In a fit of an Ague, when the cold fit is over, Patients &s;hould not be kept &s;o much from Drink as they u&s;ually are, &s;eeing, as <HI>Fernelius</HI> and <HI>Joubertus</HI> te&s;tifie, if the Patient, who is burnt up with heat and very thir&s;ty, &s;uffer thir&s;t for any time, and &s;o his Burning be not helped, &s;o much the more ea&s;ily a Colliquation of his body will fol|low, while the Heat &s;eizes and wa&s;ts the &s;olid parts of the body; And Sweat al&s;o, which takes its mat|ter from Drink, is by this means hindred, which might have been promoted by cold and plentifull drinking.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. There are four &s;orts of Drink, of which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> treats, <HI>lib. de vict. Acut.</HI> Barley-water, Wa|ter and Honey, Wine, Vinegar and Honey. In a dry Di&s;ea&s;e he neither makes mention of <HI>Oxymel</HI> nor Barley-water; not of the fir&s;t, becau&s;e an over cut|ting thing is not proper for a dry Di&s;ea&s;e; not of the latter, becau&s;e it being drink, nouri&s;hes but little, becau&s;e of its thinne&s;s. But he mentions Honey and Water, and Wine, as things that nou|ri&s;h and moi&s;ten. And he leaves the choice of ei|ther to the Phy&s;ician, as if he apprehended, that &s;ometimes in a dry Di&s;ea&s;e one of them might doe hurt, and the other might doe good: for if a dry Di&s;ea&s;e come from a cholerick humour, by rea&s;on of its furious quality. Water and Honey mu&s;t be avoided by all means, and Wine mu&s;t be given, be|cau&s;e it moi&s;tens and admini&s;ters &s;trength to Nature, with an Ab&s;ter&s;ion or Inci&s;ion. But if a dry Di&s;ea&s;e come from an over thick humour, that re&s;i&s;ts the concoctive faculty, Water and Honey mu&s;t be rather given than Wine; as well to extenuate the gro&s;s|ne&s;s of the humour, as to moi&s;ten the Body; for Water and Honey moi&s;tens more than Vinegar and Honey.</P>
<P N="37"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus.</NOTE>XXXVII. In Fevers which have their original from a hot Cau&s;e, without a mixture of Phlegm, e&s;peci|ally in Summer time, the u&s;e of common Water is to be cho&s;en. But it mu&s;t not be concealed, that wherever we de&s;ire concoction of a crude humour, of a phlegmatick kind, Drink of di&s;tilled Water does more harm, than that of natural Water. The former indeed, if it be given cold, cools on a double account, actually and potentially: Be&s;ides, it pier|ces more into the inner parts of the body, upon the account of its fiery quality. Whence it is manife&s;t, that the innate heat &s;uffers more from this &s;ort of Waters, than from what is natural. Wherefore in a cold Cau&s;e, and in tho&s;e that labour under a Weakne&s;s of any of their inward parts, I think, di&s;tilled Waters &s;hould be avoided.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Since natural Sleep in the beginning of an Ague fit is hurtfull, it is queried, Whether we mu&s;t think the &s;ame of it cau&s;ed by Art? (<HI>See Agues in general, Paragr.</HI> XXIX.)</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Sleep in the beginning of a fit may &s;eem proper to &s;ome, becau&s;e it is a refre&s;her of Mens bodies and a renewer of &s;trength: for it is &s;aid to be the Authour of good dige&s;tion. But at the very time of the fit more inten&s;e and &s;touter &s;trength is required, becau&s;e at that time, when the peccant matter is moved, it mu&s;t be attenuated, di&s;&s;olved and di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, that it being at la&s;t by this means con&s;umed, the end of the fit may the &s;ooner fol|low. But the Negative &s;hould rather be held, for Men &s;hould be waking in the very fit, becau&s;e the bloud and &s;pirits, and therefore the innate heat, in Sleep move inwards, yet this motion is contrary to that whereby the natural virtue endeavours to di&s;cu&s;s the matter in the fit, and remove it out|wards: For the Heat, concentrated in Sleep, may make the inward efferve&s;cency of the Humours greater and &s;o the Fever more violent. Yet, when the fit is ended, Sleep is not di&s;&s;allowed, when af|terwards it egregiou&s;ly relieves the &s;trength, weak|ned by the battle betwixt the Di&s;ea&s;e and Nature.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. If a Phy&s;ician be con&s;ulted, whether it be expedient for a &s;ick Man, who begins to &s;weat, to be covered with clothes, and &s;weat quiet? or, on the contrary, whether he &s;hould not hinder &s;wea|ting by fanning and motion? And con&s;idering the Sweat is hot, and that it begins to run from the whole body, and is yet doubtfull, as it is, of the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and of the day, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be not known, let him bid the Patient keep him&s;elf quiet, neither laying on more, nor taking away any clothes, and let him &s;weat a while. When he is dubious, he mu&s;t vi&s;it the Patient a|gain, and ob&s;erve whether he be very re&s;tle&s;s? or, whether he begin to breathe hard? or, whether the Pul&s;e be a little languid? If any &s;uch thing fol|low, let him order him to be removed and &s;anned with a fan. If none of the&s;e things appear, and he &s;ay that he is rather relieved than oppre&s;&s;ed, let him proceed not onely one or two but &s;everal hours, taking in the mean time, if the bu&s;ine&s;s be protrac|ted long, &s;ome Broth for his refection. If, on the contrary, he be not onely re&s;tle&s;s, and his Pul&s;e argue weakne&s;s, but he faint al&s;o, or look thin in the Face, he mu&s;t not onely prevent it by fanning, but al&s;o anoint the body with &s;ome A&s;tringent, as, with Oil of Myrtle, &s;trowing on Powder of Mirtle and Pomegranate-flowers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the &s;igns of a &s;pending and fainting Sweat are &s;aid, and la&s;tly, for it to be cold, and to gather in great drops a|bout his Forehead and Neck, for his Eyes to be hollow, his Face and Nails livid: When the&s;e things appear, Fainting and Death is not afar off.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="41">XLI. It frequently happened, that they who were upon the recovery from Fevers, they e&s;peci|ally whom the Fever had macerated a long time and had not left them till after long and plenteous evacuation (e&s;pecially if they were of a weakly habit of body) it happened, I &s;ay, that they, a&s;&s;oon as they began to be warm in bed, were pre&s;ently all over in a Sweat, whereby &s;ome were grievou&s;ly weakned, and recovered their &s;trength but &s;lowly, and others were ca&s;t into a Con&s;ump|tion. Becau&s;e I thought this could ari&s;e from no|thing el&s;e but the bloud, being &s;o far depauperated and weakned by the contumacy of the Di&s;ea&s;e, that it could not a&s;&s;imilate, with Juices, which were newly brought to it, it endeavoured to ca&s;t them off by Sweat; I always per&s;uaded them that were thus affected, to take three or four &s;poonfulls of old <HI>Malaga</HI>-wine, by the u&s;e of which their &s;trength returned ever, and their Sweats vani&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. In Autumn, 1675. dy&s;enterick &s;tools came upon an epidemick Fever, and &s;ometimes a <HI>Diarrhaea.</HI> I pre&s;ently perceived they were &s;ymptomatick to this Fever, and not, as in &s;ome Con&s;titutions, ori|ginal and primarily ari&s;ing. Which notwith&s;tanding, &s;eeing the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e was included in the ma&s;s of bloud, it did indicate bloud-letting, which indeed, giving a Narcotick twice after it, was &s;uffi|cient to conquer this Symptome.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. It often happens that the Patient is vexed through the whole cour&s;e of the Fever with a trouble&s;ome Cough, that is, the tumultuous ma&s;s of bloud being evidently moved, and all things now looking towards a Sedition, it &s;o falls out, that &s;ome loo&s;e and diffluent humours are carried out of the ma&s;s of bloud through the Ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs, or, by <HI>diapede&s;is,</HI> into the inner membrane of the Windpipe, which is very tender, and endued with an exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e. Hence a Cough comes, which at fir&s;t is dry, becau&s;e the matter being thin e&s;capes
<PB N="179" REF="95"> the expul&s;ive faculty, then it grows thick and be|comes difficult to expectorate; and, becau&s;e it is by degrees baked, hence it comes to pa&s;s, that the Patient is &s;truck with fear of &s;trangling, becau&s;e he wants &s;trength to rai&s;e the vi&s;cid matter: In this Ail I &s;eldom u&s;e any other Medicine but Oil of &s;weet Almonds new drawn, unle&s;s it &s;o happen that the Patient loath Oil, for then I endeavour to give ea&s;e by common Pectorals. And I prefer it before all other Medicines for a Cough, becau&s;e &s;ince it is nece&s;&s;ary to give the&s;e more liberally and in a larger quantity, if we will doe any good, by this means we load the Stomach, which is weak already and inclined to reach; by the &s;ame means al&s;o we are &s;ometimes hindred, that we cannot doe other things which &s;hould be done at that very time. Neither do I apprehend, nor am I convinced by experience, why we &s;hould be &s;o afraid of the u&s;e of this Oil, for grant it be in its own nature hot and inflammable, yet this heat is not &s;o much, that it may not be abundantly compen&s;ated another way, for above all things it conduces to the Brea&s;t by a manife&s;t virtue, it both opens and &s;mooths the pa&s;|&s;ages, and &s;o promotes expectoration, whereby (e&s;pecially if it come plentifully) the bloud is both di&s;charged of a trouble&s;ome humour, being now commodiou&s;ly voided, and by the &s;ame means it is a little cooled; and therefore I am not much concerned when I &s;ee this Symptome intervene, by benefit whereof no &s;mall benefit accrues to the Pa|tient. Onely I would warn you of one thing, that it is not &s;afe at one and the &s;ame time to give this Oil by whole &s;poonfulls, for there is danger, le&s;t we bring a Loathing upon the Stomach, and a Loo&s;|ne&s;s upon the Guts. We mu&s;t give it therefore &s;pa|ringly but frequently, by day and night, to the end that we may not onely ea&s;e the Cough by cau&s;ing expectoration, but al&s;o that we may a little com|fort the Patient's wa&s;ted &s;trength by a kindly nutri|ment.</P>
<P N="44"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>XLIV. Singular re&s;pect and care mu&s;t be had of the Stomach in Agues: for &s;ometimes it is weak|ned beyond mea&s;ure, &s;o that Crudity ari&s;ing from thence yields new matter to the Ague. Then the be&s;t way is, as <HI>Sennertus</HI> te&s;tifies, to evacuate what is crude of the aliment in the Stomach and fir&s;t ways by Vomit twice a week: By which Reme|dy the toughe&s;t Agues are more &s;ucce&s;sfully remo|ved, than by any other Remedy. Notwith&s;tanding that the Spleen is reckoned the Seat of a Quartan, and the Liver of a Tertian Ague. For &s;o both the matter near the&s;e parts is evacuated, and the parts them&s;elves are freed from cacochymie. Hence it is that the Vulgar now and then cure putrid Fevers by taking of adu&s;t Wine, Pepper, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> all which things yield fewel to the Fever;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hoeferus,</HI> Herc. Med. l. <HI>6.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> yet they comfort the Stomach and wa&s;te Crudities.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. In a putrid Fever troubles and di&s;orders a|bout the Stomach and fir&s;t ways u&s;e to annoy Men through the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch as Loa|thing, Vomit, Want of appetite, Incoction, Loo&s;ne&s;s, Roughne&s;s of the mouth and tongue, and a Bitter ta&s;te. The&s;e things are attributed for the mo&s;t part to the humours fir&s;t gathered in the Stomach, and putrefying there, but farthermore, becau&s;e the re|crements of the Chyle are burnt up with too much heat, they degenerate into noxious matter. Such Accidents often happen, becau&s;e the purging and filth of the bloud and nervous juice, while they fer|ment, are carried inward, and being left between the membranes of the Bowels, they cau&s;e Corvul&s;i|ons, and al&s;o make a ma&s;s of ill and noi&s;ome humours. I have often ob&s;erved about the beginning of Fe|vers, that the efferve&s;cent bloud di&s;charged its re|crements inwards, to the great benefit of the Pati|ent, when, although great troubles about the fir&s;t ways did accrue, yet the efferve&s;cence was there|fore milder, the Pul&s;e moderate, and the Urine lau|dable, and they that had their Fevers in this man|ner, did with a thin Diet and the u&s;e of gentle Pur|ges recover in a &s;hort time: But if in this ca&s;e I u&s;ed a violent Purge to extirpate the humours, this natural purging of the bloud being hindred, the Fever pre&s;ently grew high, with a red and trou|bled Urine, high Pul&s;e, Watching, and other hor|rible Symptoms. Al&s;o often after the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the adu&s;t and excrementitious matter is &s;eparated by this inward lu&s;tration from the bloud. Hence &s;ometimes a <HI>Diarrhaea,</HI> &s;ometimes a cru&s;ty pla|&s;ter of the mouth and throat &s;ucceeds wherefore there is need of caution about the accidents which happen in the fir&s;t ways, le&s;t while we prevent them, we pervert Nature's motion: And while we guard the&s;e parts again&s;t the incur&s;ion of the morbifick matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis.</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>20.</HI></NOTE> le&s;t we unhappily keep the &s;ame blockt up in the ma&s;s of bloud.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. As I have &s;everal times, &s;o once I ob&s;er|ved, that Narcoticks given to two per&s;ons in a Fe|ver within the fifth day, through the Phy&s;ician's fault, turn'd Necroticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>ob<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> who being laid in a long la&s;ting Sleep went to their everla&s;ting Re&s;t. &para; It is good in Fevers to wa&s;h the Privities and Ears, becau&s;e the&s;e nervous parts being cooled and moi&s;t|ned, communicate to the Brain. For as Lime, when it is moi&s;tned, fumes, &s;o the&s;e parts dried and par|ched with the heat of the Fever, fume out a gen|tle and benign Vapour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tius.</NOTE> whereby Sleep is procu|red.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. But if Watching continue after the Fe|ver, other Symptoms-cea&s;ing, I have ob&s;erved, that a Linen-cloth dipt in Ro&s;e-water, and applied cold to the Forehead and Temples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> has done more good than any Narcoticks.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. The&s;e Symptoms e&s;pecially torment People in Fevers, Pain, Watching and immoderate Evacuations. There are divers Matters which an|&s;wer the Indications; but the laudable Medicine of <HI>Opium</HI> carries away the prize from all the re&s;t, in which if the ju&s;t do&s;e and proper &s;ea&s;on be ob&s;erved, no errour can be committed. But if either of the&s;e be mi&s;&s;ed, it may &s;o happen,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinccius,</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>106.</HI></NOTE> that the la&s;t debility mu&s;t be imputed to it. &para; In continual Fevers, when the &s;trength is almo&s;t &s;pent with Watching and Re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, I remember, I often rightly pro|ceeded to the u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> A young Man is my Witne&s;s, who being given over by rea&s;on of the lowne&s;s of his &s;trength, recovered his former health, Sleep being provoked by this means, the Spirits being di&s;&s;ipated, that did the violence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|us, <HI>l.</HI> 10. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and others recollected in their room.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. Vomiting does &s;ometimes &s;o torment Peo|ple taken with a malignant Fever, that whatever is given them, they immediately throw it up again. And although they be troubled with thir&s;t, and dri|ne&s;s, and blackne&s;s of Tongue; yet they can bear no &s;ort of potulent matter, but they pre&s;ently vo|mit up all manner of Juleps, Emul&s;ions, Pti&s;ans, and even &s;imple Water, a&s;&s;oon as they are taken. This mo&s;t grievous Symptome is immediately cured to a miracle, by taking a drachm of the Salt of Wormwood in a &s;poonfull of fre&s;h Juice of Lemon,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> as I have learned by experience.</P>
<P N="50">L. A certain Per&s;on was &s;ick of a &s;light Tertian; in the fit he was &s;o troubled with vomiting, that he &s;wooned at the very thought of it. I gave him above half a &s;cruple of Pills of Aloes in a Do&s;e, two hours before his fit, they did their office by gently purging him in the fit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> &s;o that he was well in a &s;hort time.</P>
<P N="51">LI. It is manife&s;t from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 1. <HI>de rat. vict.</HI> who granted Water to one in a Pleuri&s;ie, when he was very thir&s;ty, that when Symptoms ari&s;e to that height as to add to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or wa&s;te Nature's &s;trength, the Indication for Diet &s;hould rather be taken from them: Neverthele&s;s we mu&s;t doe our endeavour to give &s;uch things, as may, if po&s;&s;ible, be proper for the Di&s;ea&s;e, or at lea&s;t not inconve|nient. For <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in the place forequoted, has
<PB N="180" REF="96"> this pa&s;&s;age; <HI>But when any Pain torments, you mu&s;t give</HI> Oxymel <HI>to drink, in the Winter hot, in Summer cold: And if his thir&s;t be very great, he mu&s;t u&s;e Honey and Wine and Water.</HI> Rea&s;on tells us the very &s;ame thing, that the Intention of Cure mu&s;t not be changed for eve|ry violence of the Symptoms, but for that which is con&s;iderable: for &s;ince Symptoms are the effects of Di&s;ea&s;es, by taking away their cau&s;e they va|ni&s;h; but if they be con&s;iderable, they give the &s;tron|ger Indication for Cure. And their greatne&s;s is to be defined, when they are the cau&s;e of &s;ome pre|ternatural di&s;po&s;ition, which either adds to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or wa&s;tes the &s;trength of Nature. Which &s;oever of the&s;e things happens to be the cau&s;e of the greatne&s;s of a Symptome, the Symptoms may ju&s;tly then &s;upply the cour&s;e of Diet and Indication for Cure: As, to a pleuritick Per&s;on, who is a lit|tle thir&s;ty, you mu&s;t give <HI>Oxymel,</HI> or Melicrate, which of them the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hall require: But if he be troubled with violent thir&s;t, you &s;hall not u&s;e &s;uch things as re&s;pect the Di&s;ea&s;e and its Cau&s;e, but &s;uch as lay thir&s;t; for much thir&s;t dries the &s;pittle, and makes the Di&s;ea&s;e difficult of coction, and in|crea&s;es the heat of the Fever; wherefore we mu&s;t give Melicrate and Water, taking the Indication from the Symptome, for Water &s;hould not be gi|ven for the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ake, by rea&s;on it is an enemy to the maturation of the Grief. Thus therefore the greatne&s;s of Symptoms mu&s;t be defined, &s;o as the method of Cure and indications of Diet may be taken from them. But when &s;uch Symptoms arrive at the &s;aid greatne&s;s, that is, are in&s;tead of a Cau&s;e in reference to the Di&s;ea&s;e, they are either as an urgent Cau&s;e, or, <HI>Sine qua non,</HI> the Di&s;ea&s;e cannot be cured; Wherefore the Indication is &s;tronger, which is taken from them, than from the Di&s;ea&s;e, as may be gathered from the doctrine of complica|ted Affections.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus,</HI> de Vi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> Febr. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>27.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="52">LII. In giving of Medicines, Cautions and Rules of no &s;mall moment are taken from the Pul&s;e. Pur|ging and Vomiting are prohibited by an over quick and violent Pul&s;e, and al&s;o by a very low one; for while the bloud is too efferve&s;cent, evacuati|on is not very proper, both becau&s;e what is noxi|ous is not voided, and al&s;o becau&s;e the &s;trength is much weakned by the perturbation: And when the Spirits are broken, and the &s;trength is low, Phy|&s;ick ca&s;ts it lower, and &s;ometimes rather de&s;troys it. Wherefore, when a Phy&s;ician de&s;igns evacua|tion upwards or downwards, let him fir&s;t feel the Pul&s;e, and let him attempt the&s;e motions onely when Nature is &s;trong and &s;edate, that &s;he may be able to attend the operation of the Medicine, and to &s;upport the Patient's &s;trength. Nor is there need of le&s;s circum&s;pection for Diaphoreticks and Cordials, which if they be u&s;ed in the Fever fit they too much increa&s;e the violent motion of the Heart, and very often break its &s;trength: Al&s;o when the Pul&s;e is very languid, if hot and &s;trong Cordials be u&s;ed, Life may ea&s;ily be extingui&s;hed (as when a little flame is quite put out by a &s;trong bla&s;t) wherefore it is a vulgar ob&s;ervation, that Cordials often ha&s;ten Death, for that, in putting the bloud into too great a motion, they &s;ooner wa&s;te its &s;trength. And yet there is need of the greate&s;t Caution, and direction of the Pul&s;e, in gi|ving Narcoticks, for they, (becau&s;e they doe their work by extingui&s;hing and fixing the vital Spirits, when they are over active) if they be u&s;ed in a weak or faultering Pul&s;e, they either render the Spirits too weak for the Di&s;ea&s;e by dimini&s;hing them, or they bring a perpetual Sleep by too much &s;uffocating them. Wherefore in a languid, unequal, or formicating Pul&s;e, Opiates &s;hould be avoided, as you would avoid a Snake or a Toad.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Alba &s;eu Amatoria,</HI> The White or Love Fever. (<HI>See</HI> The Green-&s;ickne&s;s, <HI>Book III.</HI>) Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P><HI>HIppocrates,</HI> in his Book <HI>de Virginum morbis,</HI> calls this <HI>the Wandring Fever,</HI> &s;ome have named it <HI>the White</HI> Jaundice: For &s;everal Symptoms give intimation of a white and cold humour; &s;eeing fir&s;t of all the <HI>men|&s;trua</HI> being &s;topt, in time of youth, in a hot and moi&s;t con&s;titution, have cau&s;ed a coldne&s;s in the whole body by &s;uffocating the innate heat, ob|&s;tructions in the Me&s;entery and Womb concurring not a little thereunto, and it may be in the hol|low of the Liver, which hindring the ventilation of the natural Heat, increa&s;e the &s;uffocation of it, upon which many Symptoms te&s;tifie a cold Intempe|rature.</P>
<P>The primitive Cau&s;e of this Maiden Di&s;ea&s;e, was the inten&s;e Meditation of this Virgin, in which the innate Heat and Spirits being diverted from the Stomach, Crudities were bred, the original of Ob|&s;tructions in the lacteal and me&s;enterick Veins, whence aro&s;e a hypocondriack Indi&s;po&s;ition, and complaints of Illne&s;s at the Stomach, and rumbling of the <HI>hypochondria:</HI> Moreover the ma&s;s of bloud was infected, which being made thick, and not having free pa&s;&s;age through the Veins of the Womb at &s;et times, but &s;etling in them, has gathered ob&s;truc|tions in the Womb al&s;o, and made the monthly purgation le&s;s; which being increa&s;ed, a perfect &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of them followed. <HI>For the bloud not having an efflux (&s;aith</HI> Hippocrates, lib. de Virginum mor|bis) <HI>through the quantity, it rebounds to the Heart and Dia|phragm; and when the&s;e places are filled, the Heart becomes fooli&s;h, then from fatuity comes torpidne&s;s, then after torpid|ne&s;s a</HI> delirium <HI>takes them; as when a man has &s;ate a long time, the bloud being depre&s;&s;ed out of the Hips and Thighs into the Legs and Feet, cau&s;es a numbne&s;s; and after the numb|ne&s;s the Feet are unable to walk, till the bloud return to it &s;elf,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>And it returns very quickly, for it &s;oon flows back becau&s;e of the rectitude of the Veins, and it is not a dange|rous place of the body; but it flows back &s;lowly from the Heart and Diaphragm; for the Veins are crooked, and the place is dangerous, and apt for a</HI> delirium <HI>and Madne&s;s, by rea|&s;on the&s;e parts are replete, and a Shivering with a Fever takes them, which they call</HI> Wandring Fevers. <HI>And the&s;e things being thus, &s;he is mad, becau&s;e the heat is increa&s;ed, and &s;he is timorous and afraid, becau&s;e of Darkne&s;s; &s;he &s;uffers &s;trang|ling and prefocation, becau&s;e of compre&s;&s;ion about the Heart; her mind being &s;ad and anxious, becau&s;e of the badne&s;s of the bloud, draws on mi&s;chief.</HI> And I add, that the whole body is not onely cacochymick, but moreover ren|dred cachectick, as appears from the vitiated co|lour of the whole, langui&s;hing of the Strength, &s;welling of the Eye-lids and Feet.</P>
<P>But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;eems to intimate that it is po&s;&s;ible this Di&s;ea&s;e may come not onely from the &s;topping of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> but from the retention of the Seed; when he a&s;&s;erts that Virgins are cured, when either they lye with a man, or their <HI>Men&s;es</HI> come; e&s;pecial|ly if the Virgins be of a hot and moi&s;t complexion and of a good habit.</P>
<P>That the Patient may be rid of this Fever, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the ma&s;s of bloud be purified, and be reduced to a more laudable &s;tate: Therefore, Fir&s;t, The clean&s;ing of the Stomach and fir&s;t ways mu&s;t be premi&s;ed. Secondly, The Ob&s;tructions of the Me&s;entery and Lacteal Veins mu&s;t be opened. Thirdly, The Cacochymie of the whole venous kind mu&s;t be taken away. Fourthly, The Cachexy, that is beginning mu&s;t be provided again&s;t. Fifthly, The <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> mu&s;t be &s;olicited by opening Hy&s;tericks. And, la&s;tly, The Bowels mu&s;t be &s;trengthned.</P>
<PB N="181" REF="96">
<P>As que&s;tion cannot be made concerning Bloud-letting, &s;ince it offends in quantity, &s;ub&s;tance and motion; &s;o we mu&s;t act with caution in the pre&s;ent ca&s;e concerning the quantity; for the bloud is al|ready degenerated into a Cacochymy: and although <HI>Hippocrates teach,</HI> that the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e is ta|king away Bloud, yet he orders this to be done be|fore the whole Body be Cacochymick, and while as yet it is not altogether &s;o Cachectick. Where|fore in a tedious and confirmed oppre&s;&s;ion he, 1. <HI>de morb. mal.</HI> 10. purges the belly upwards and down|wards, becau&s;e a Cacochymy is not taken away by bleeding, but by purging. Hence after a copious <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> a Maid, 4. <HI>Epidem.</HI> recovered. The place mu&s;t be the right jecorary Vein, that Bloud may be drawn, but not drawn downwards, before the ob|&s;tructions of the Womb be opened, and the Veins be made pervious; for then the <HI>Saphaena</HI> may be o|pened, onely upon the account of the Bloud's mo|tion. In the mean time an I&s;&s;ue mu&s;t be made in the Hip.</P>
<P>For emptying the Stomach, a Potion with <HI>Manna</HI> clarified, or Lenitive Electuary with Tartar. For the preparation of the fir&s;t ways, <HI>Oxymel &s;implex,</HI> with <HI>Mel Ro&s;arum &s;implex,</HI> of each 1 ounce and an half, Cin|namon Water half an ounce. Mix them for one Syrup, and &s;o for five more, then let either of the &s;aid Medicines be repeated.</P>
<P>Then the ob&s;tructions of the Me&s;entery and Lacte|al Veins mu&s;t be cured with attenuants, aperients, and evacuaters. A preparative may be thus made: Take of juice of Cichory clarified 2 ounces, Juice of Borage 1 ounce, <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> 10 grains, Decoction of Cichory, Borage, Endive, Cinque|&s;oil, Par&s;ley, Agrimony, 5 ounces. Mix them for a Syrup: To which may be premi&s;ed about 2 ounces of dilute <HI>Oxymel,</HI> in which &s;he may continue ten days, and about the middle of the time let this be given her; Take of <HI>Pilul. de tribus cum rhab. de Hiera cum Agaric.</HI> each 2 &s;cruples, Electuary Lenitive &s;ix drachms; mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus.</HI> And when ten days are over, Take of <HI>Elect. Cathol.</HI> 4 drachms, <HI>Ro&s;at. Me&s;ues</HI> 2 drachms, <HI>Pilul. de tribus</HI> one drachm; mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus.</HI> Upon which, when an hour is over, let her drink Broth altered with Bar|ley, or Barley-water.</P>
<P>The Cacochymy mu&s;t be taken from the Bloud by <HI>Epicra&s;is,</HI> by preparation and frequent purging. Nor mu&s;t the little Fever be feared; for in this ca&s;e we mu&s;t ply the Cau&s;e, making very &s;mall reckoning of the Fever. And we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t 12 days on the preparation, but a Purge mu&s;t be given every fourth day; Take of <HI>Decoct. Epith. Me&s;ues</HI> 6 ounces, or if &s;he had rather have a <HI>Bolus,</HI> Take of <HI>Extr. Sennae</HI> 1 drachm, black Hellebore half a drachm, Lenitive Electuary half an ounce; mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus.</HI> Upon which let her drink clarified Whey, becau&s;e Helle|bore has in it a very hot quality.</P>
<P>When the&s;e three Purges are taken, we mu&s;t not believe, the whole venous kind is defaecated from impurities; wherefore Purges mu&s;t be re|peated, which have al&s;o an opening faculty, they mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed in form of a Syrup, 2 ounces of which mu&s;t be given every day in half a Gla&s;s of White-Wine, per&s;i&s;ting in the u&s;e of it for twenty days.</P>
<P>Then we &s;hould take care of the Cachexy; and things that purifie the fle&s;hy parts, and defend them from ill humours, &s;hould be given, that is, Diapho|reticks, &s;en&s;ible Evacuaters, and in&s;en&s;ible Dige&s;|tives. To which intention &s;weat might give &s;atis|faction, &s;ome convenient Decoction premi&s;ed, or the continued u&s;e of Viper Powder: But becau&s;e our chief intention ought to be, to open the Veins of the Womb, to provoke the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> and purge the whole Body by tho&s;e ways that are proper and u&s;ual to Nature; therefore le&s;t the humours &s;hould be diverted from the Centre to the Circumference, &s;etting a&s;ide the Intention, we mu&s;t fir&s;t make u&s;e of aperient Hy&s;tericks, and things that provoke the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI></P>
<P>For the opening &s;tubborn ob&s;tructions of the Womb, the u&s;e of Steel is u&s;ually extolled by all men, e&s;pecially of <HI>potabilis M. D.</HI> who&s;e virtue, that it may come to the Womb, wants a vehicle. There|fore let a decoction be made, which may have the fa|culty to doe that, and to dry the whole body; Take of the be&s;t <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> 1 ounce, fat <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> root of Gen|tian, wood of Saffafras, each half an ounce, di&s;til|led water of Cichory, Maiden-hair, Motherwort, each 1 pound; mix them; make an infu&s;ion for 24 hours. Then let them boil to the con&s;umption of half. Keep the Colature for 2 do&s;es, to be given early in the morning, to which 10 drops <HI>Chalyb. Pot. M. D.</HI> may be added, and a &s;poonfull of Savine-wa|ter, or 5 drops of its Oil.</P>
<P>Al&s;o the opening of the Veins mu&s;t be procured outwardly, not by Pe&s;&s;aries, or Injections, but by things applied outwardly, by making a fomentation, and applying it with a large Sponge to the Region of the Womb: anointing afterwards with <HI>Oleum Li|lior. alb. Aromatizat.</HI> In&s;e&s;&s;ions al&s;o in medicated Wa|ters are good.</P>
<P>Things to &s;top the hy&s;terick &s;ymptoms may be, Treacle-water, with Water of the whole Citron, Oil of Amber to 2 drops in Cinnamon-water, mid|dle aged Treacle, or <HI>Triphera</HI> without <HI>Opium,</HI> with water of Pennyroyal or Motherwort.</P>
<P>Then the great Antidotes will &s;trengthen the Bowels, Treacle-Salts, Salt of Wormwood, Mint.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Raim. Fortis, <HI>Tract. de Febr. p. m.</HI> 42.</NOTE> Let Wine for Meals have Ro&s;emary, <HI>Guaiacum</HI> or Sa&s;&s;afras, infu&s;ed in it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Algida,</HI> or, The Cold Ague. Its Nature and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>COld Agues are ob&s;erved &s;ome times to be trouble|&s;ome not onely in cold e&s;pecially, but in Cold alone, &s;o that &s;ometimes, and more frequently, a little Heat does follow; &s;ometimes, but more &s;el|dom, none at all: We have &s;uch in our Univer|&s;ity Ho&s;pital, &s;o manife&s;t, that not onely in the be|ginning and encrea&s;e; but at the very height and declination of the fit, yea, and when it is over, the Patients are always &s;en&s;ible of Cold, never &s;o much as warm, much le&s;s hot at any time.</P>
<P>They owe their Original to a more acid Pancre|atick juice, joined with great &s;tore of vi&s;cid Phlegm, Bile in the mean time being very dull.</P>
<P>This Mixture will be proper for the Cold and other Symptoms, that u&s;e to accompany it; Take of water of Par&s;ley 2 ounces, Fenil 1 ounce; <HI>The|riacal. &s;impl.</HI> or <HI>vitae Matthiol.</HI> 1 ounce and an half, volatile &s;alt of Amber 1 &s;cruple, Syrup of <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> 1 ounce. Which will be more effectual, if you add to the &s;ame of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> 4 grains, Oil of Cloves 2 drops. I have not hitherto ob&s;er|ved any thing temper the cold equally to this.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> And as long as the Ague la&s;ts, the Patient may take one &s;poonfull of this, or &s;ome &s;uch liquour, 3 or 4 times in an hour.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="182" REF="97">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Angino&s;a,</HI> or, A' Fever and a Quin&s;ie. Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>IT invades men at any time of the year, but mo&s;t between Spring and Summer time, and young men and them that are of a Sanguine complexion above others; but red haired men, as I have ob|&s;erved more than once, above all the re&s;t. At the very fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e they are cold and &s;hake, a Fever follows, and a little after comes a pain and inflammation of the Jaws, which if it be not &s;peedily helped, immediately the Patient can|not &s;wallow any more, nor draw his breath through his No&s;trils; but his Throat is &s;topt with a certain &s;en&s;e of &s;trangling, by the inflammation of the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> and &s;welling of the Ton&s;ills and <HI>Larynx.</HI></P>
<P>In the fir&s;t place I take a great quantity of Bloud from the Arm, then from each <HI>Ranula;</HI> then I touch the inflamed parts with Honey of Ro&s;es, and Spirit of Sulphur: By and by I pre&s;cribe the following Gargari&s;m, to be held in the mouth, till it be warm, without &s;tirring it; Take of Water of Plantain, red Ro&s;es and Frog-&s;pawn, each 4 ounces, Whites of Eggs reduced to a water by beating, <HI>No. ij.</HI> white Sugar-Candy 3 drachms, I order an Emul&s;ion, as in a Pleuri&s;ie. The next morning, if the Fever and Pain do not abate, I open a Vein again in the Arm, and let Purging alone, till the next day. If both be abated, I pre&s;ently give a gentle Purge, which af|ter bleeding is nece&s;&s;ary above all things, as expe|rience te&s;tifies. If perchance, even after purging, the Fever and Symptoms &s;hould proclaim War, this mu&s;t be &s;ubdued by repeated Blood-letting. Let the Patient every day keep up &s;ome hours from his bed, becau&s;e the warmth of it adds &s;trength both to the Fever, and the Symptoms.</P>
<P>But we mu&s;t take notice that the&s;e Quin&s;ies which are onely a Symptome of this <HI>Stationary Fever,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> Ob&s;. in Acut. Sect. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> as I call it, love to be cured by the &s;elf &s;ame method, which the Fever challenges for it &s;elf; and therefore mu&s;t be thrown off by Sweat and the Pores of the Skin, or by any other method, that is due to the prima|ry Fever, whereto they are inherent.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Anhelo&s;a,</HI> or, The Short-breathed Fever. Its Nature and Cure.</HEAD>
<P><HI>ANhelous</HI> or <HI>Short breathed Fevers</HI> have their name from difficult and anhelous re&s;piration; and they put the Patients to &s;trange and mi&s;erable An|gui&s;h either with or without palpitation of the heart. I have ob&s;erved them more than once begin with a di&s;ten&s;ion of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> and anxiety of the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> the Pul&s;e being immediately weak, &s;mall and frequent, chilne&s;s and pain troubling them in the Region of the Loins at the &s;ame time. But if then they broke wind either upwards or downwards, the fit was le&s;s, if not, it was more grievous: for after this di&s;ten&s;ion and anxiety had la&s;ted one or more hours, both of them &s;en&s;ibly a|bated, and then an exceeding difficulty and &s;hort|ne&s;s of Breath was rai&s;ed, &s;o great indeed, that the Body could not indure to be &s;tirred or moved in the lea&s;t, the Pul&s;e by degrees growing rather weaker than &s;tronger, and continually more fre|quent, together with the Veins every where very turgid, which, out of the fit, were &s;mall and &s;carce con&s;picuous. This &s;hortne&s;s of Breath was &s;ome|times more grievous, &s;ometimes more &s;light, and grieved them &s;ometimes a longer, &s;ometimes a &s;hor|ter time. Wherefore Medicines that are good for Hypochondriack prefocation were often here like|wi&s;e u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s. And at length the fit ended rather in a Damp than a Sweat, till a new one returned, &s;eldom every day, often every o|ther day. I think the&s;e Fevers <HI>(as al&s;o &s;uffocating Fe|vers, of which hereafter)</HI> &s;hould be a&s;cribed to Vapours, but not very au&s;tere ones, and in like manner from a le&s;s au&s;tere Pancreatick juice, but ari&s;ing from this, mixt with vi&s;cid Phlegm meeting it in the &s;mall Guts, and therefore the more flatulent, from which the &s;ymptoms enumerated may ea&s;ily be de|rived, and well enough explicated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;. <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> The anhelous anxiety, &s;ince it owns the &s;ame but a &s;lighter cau&s;e, will be cured and abated with the like Medicines, as well in the fit, as at the beginning of it, being often u&s;ed in a le&s;s quantity.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Arthritica,</HI> or, The Gout-fever. Its Nature and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>SOme Practitioners reduce Arthritick fevers to Ca|tarrhal fevers, becau&s;e they think the Gout owes its ri&s;e to Catarrhs; But becau&s;e I am of opi|nion, that another humour is carried together with the Bloud by the Arteries to the joints, which breeds the Gout, I cannot but think, that Gout-fevers &s;hould be di&s;tingui&s;hed from Catarrhal ones. But becau&s;e I could accurately enough ob&s;erve the ri&s;e and progre&s;s of the Gout from the faithfull re|lation of the &s;ick, I as often took notice that it came with a Continual fever, or an Ague. Where|fore when a new Ague fit came, the Gout was not a little increa&s;ed, till it either turned to a Conti|nual fever, or cea&s;ed of it &s;elf, or the Ague was re|moved by art, the Gout-pains neverthele&s;s conti|nuing. I reckon to find Gout-fevers in the Pancrea|tick juice &s;o corrupt, that it is trouble&s;ome onely to the joints; whether it being al&s;o endued with a con&s;iderable Acrimony, which is mo&s;t frequent, carries the Bile thither along with it, wherewith it had vitiou&s;ly fermented, and cau&s;es a mo&s;t bitter pain: Or being not &s;o &s;harp, and hurting the vi&s;|cid Phlegm, not the &s;harp Bile, which is much dul|led with mixing with it, it rather hinders the mo|tion of the part affected with an oedematous tu|mour, than a &s;harp pain. Where we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve, that the Ague fits, which come every or every other day, do trouble the &s;ick with no notable or mole&s;ting Cold or Heat, but rather with a &s;mall Head-ach, and thir&s;t now and then, a little more frequent Pul&s;e concurring, at fir&s;t le&s;s, then &s;omething greater, after which al&s;o a new fit is ob&s;erved, then, after a few hours, the Gout-pains are exa&s;perated, and &s;o indeed, that although &s;ometimes &s;ooner, &s;ometimes later, they remit again in the part, yet they do not wholly intermit, but though the Ague fit be removed, the Gout-pains neverthele&s;s continue, &s;ometimes more, &s;ometimes le&s;s, till they depart, either of them&s;elves, or by art. The Cure of the Gout, accompanying the Ague, will con&s;i&s;t, Fir&s;t, In an univer&s;al amendment of the Pancreatick juice. Secondly, In the correction and carrying off the Bile, that is of it &s;elf out of order, or by acci|dent. Thirdly, In the alteration or diminu|tion
<PB N="183" REF="97"> of whatever Phlegm is peccant. And, Fourth|ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sylvius,</HI> Prax. Med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>30.</HI></NOTE> In guarding the joints affected, again&s;t future pain, and in ridding them of the pre&s;ent and ur|gent pain.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris A&s;thmatica,</HI> or, An A&s;thmatick Ague. Its Nature and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>ASthmatick agues are not unfrequent, &s;o called from an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> &s;ometimes more grievous, &s;ometimes more &s;light, that accompanies them, in which al&s;o the anxiety and di&s;ten&s;ion of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> go before, and when they cea&s;e, &s;hortne&s;s of brea|thing and a true <HI>A&s;thma</HI> follows, which, together with the fit, is long enough in abating, &s;ometimes one or more days, and then it cea&s;es, &s;ometimes it continues after the fit is over. I &s;aw &s;uch an A&s;thma|tick ague once return at the fourteenth day, and hold the Patient very ill every time for &s;everal days, if it were not abated with convenient Medicines, both as to the anxiety and duration. The thing that pro|duces A&s;thmatick agues, in my opinion, is vi&s;cid Phlegm found in the &s;mall Guts, and di&s;&s;olved by the Pancreatick juice, which is about to cau&s;e a fit of an Ague, and carried with it to the Heart and Lungs, and &s;taying there; and cau&s;ing a &s;tertorous re&s;pira|tion, while either many or few vapours al&s;o come out of the part, and make the fit heavier or lighter, longer or &s;horter. The <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> companion to the Ague, will be cured after inci&s;ion of the Phlegma|tick glutinous humour, by vomiting a few hours af|ter the next fit, and &s;ometimes a day before the fit, e&s;pecially in &s;uch as are ea&s;ie to vomit: for they may otherwi&s;e be purged with Phlegmagogues (&s;uch as are all Mercurial Medicines, Coloquintida, and Hermodactyls) which are more powerfull and effec|tual. As for phlegmatick humours, that &s;ometimes fall likewi&s;e from the head, and fill the <HI>a&s;pera arteria,</HI> the &s;ame Phlegmagogues will be proper for them, often in a le&s;s quantity, u&s;ed together with inciders and correcters of Phlegm, and e&s;pecially in the form of Pills. As to flatulent Vapours, that &s;o of|ten, if not always, produce an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> or at lea&s;t in|crea&s;e it much, all things will be convenient, which hinder the matter of them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> and that di&s;cu&s;s and di&s;|&s;ipate them when produced.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Cacatoria,</HI> or, A Loo&s;e-fever. Its Cau&s;e and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>THere are Fevers ob&s;erved to be very trouble|&s;ome and weakning to the Patient, through a large or a frequent going to &s;tool, and &s;ometimes al&s;o griping at divers times of the fit, and there|fore they are called <HI>Cacatory, Dejectory</HI> or Loo&s;e-fevers. I think it ought wholly to be imputed to choler, that is not &s;o volatile, but rather &s;harp, and by a mixture of the Pancreatick juice yet made more &s;harp, and after the Phlegm in the Guts is di&s;&s;olved, fretting the Guts, and irritating and forcing them upon propul&s;ion of their contents downwards. What things &s;oever fix Bile, and powerfully render it in|ept to ferment, will cure them, as are all au&s;tere things, thickners and coagulaters of it, as al&s;o Opi|ates dulling of it, mixt together, and often u&s;ed at &s;everal times in a &s;mall quantity, for example; Take of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es 2 ounces, <HI>Dia&s;cordi|um</HI> 2 drachms, <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi</HI> 1 drachm, <HI>Terra &s;igillata</HI> 1 &s;cruple, Dragon's Bloud half a &s;cruple. Mix them, make an Electuary. And Medicines made in a dry form mu&s;t here be preferred,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> becau&s;e moi&s;t things dilute the Bile too much, and the Pancreatick juice, and rather cau&s;e than &s;top their Efferve&s;cence.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris capitalis,</HI> or, A Head fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Nature and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Epidemical Con&s;titution. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE &s;eat of all Fevers mu&s;t not be &s;ought in the lower Belly, for oftentimes there is an Ob&s;truction, or an humour thoroughly fixt in certain parts; as in the Head, Spleen, Lungs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or &s;ome corruption is contracted, whence a Cepha|lick, Splenetick, Pulmonary fever, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> ari&s;eth. That the <HI>focus</HI> of burning fevers is in the Head <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> &s;eems to a&s;&s;ert. <HI>If in a Burning fever</HI> (&s;aith he 1 <HI>Prorrh.</HI> 18.) <HI>there be a noi&s;e in the Ears with dimne&s;s of &s;ight, and a &s;toppage ari&s;e in the No&s;e, they are mad from Me|lancholy. Galen</HI> explains this place, of a Burning fe|ver, who&s;e <HI>focus</HI> is in the Brain, by rea&s;on of Bile gathered in it, which cau&s;es the Inflammation. Such a Fever, generals premi&s;ed, mu&s;t be cured particu|larly by &s;uch things as ea&s;e the Head of the Burthen, by opening the Veins of the No&s;e and the Jugulars, by applying Leeches to the Temples, Forehead, and behind the Ears, by Arteriotomy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In Sum|mer, 1678. &s;uch Fevers were abroad, and were reckoned by mo&s;t of our Country Phy&s;icians for Malignant, becau&s;e the heat in the whole Body was gentle; but there were evident &s;igns of the Head's being full, from the&s;e Symptoms, the Head-ach, Doting, and Sleepine&s;s to exce&s;s. Mo&s;t e&s;caped, who were bled betimes in the Jugulars, or who had a Haemorrhagy; In &s;ome, who neglected the&s;e means, and u&s;ed onely Bezoarticks; after they were dead, the Bloud bur&s;t out at their No&s;e, Mouth and Ears.</P>
<P N="2">II. About the beginning of the month of <HI>July,</HI> 1673. a certain &s;ort of Fever was abroad, which at the fir&s;t coming had Symptoms joined with it, that gave no ob&s;cure marks, that then the inflammation was greater, and more &s;pirituous, than when the Di&s;|ea&s;e was grown older. Be&s;ide what things are com|mon to all Fevers, the&s;e attended this Fever: The Patient was for the mo&s;t part troubled with a pain in his Head, and a violent one in his Back, with &s;tupidity likewi&s;e, and a certain affection not un|like a <HI>Coma</HI> was remarkable, wherewith the Pati|ent being taken was dull and doted, yea and &s;ome|times drowzed for &s;everal Weeks, and could not be awaked without loud calling. His Head when he recovered was weak and infirm for &s;everal days, it nodded &s;ometimes this way, and &s;ometimes that, and there were other &s;igns which &s;hewed that the Head had &s;uffered very much. Sometimes the Pati|ent did not &s;o much drowze, as calmly dote. In Autumn, 1675. this Fever did affect to &s;eek its flight by a Dy&s;entery, and &s;ometimes by a <HI>Diarrhoea.</HI> As to the Cure I accounted nothing more proper than to fix my Eyes on what did good, and what did harm. The violent Head-ach, and the propen&s;ity this Di&s;ea&s;e had to fix pains in the Sides, as al&s;o bloud like that of Pleuriticks, pre&s;ently taught me, that there was no &s;mall Inflammation in this Fever, nor yet that it could bear that plentifull Bleeding which is proper for a Pleuri&s;ie: for after the Bloud
<PB N="184" REF="98"> had been let the fir&s;t or at lea&s;t the &s;econd time, it wholly lo&s;t the &s;izy colour, wherewith the &s;urface of it was covered, nor was the Patient relieved by repeated Bleeding, unle&s;s perhaps the Di&s;ea&s;e tur|ned into a true Pleuri&s;ie, which &s;ometimes fell out, after a Regiment hotter than it ought to be. Now when I was deterred from repeated Bleeding both by Experience and Example, although it was clear, that this Fever was not a little inflammatory, no|thing remained, whereby its Heat might be quench|ed, be&s;ides Cly&s;ters often repeated and cooling Medicines. But be&s;ide the&s;e &s;ymptoms, which o|penly bewrayed Inflammation, that <HI>Phaenomenon</HI> of &s;tupidity, familiar to this Fever, did fully indicate, that Cly&s;ters &s;hould continually be repeated where|by the febrile matter, which &s;o readily got into the Head, might be diverted from it: Moreover, they were &s;ub&s;tituted in the room of repeated Bleeding, which the peculiar nature of this Di&s;ea&s;e could not well endure, and &s;upplied its defect, in quietly and gradually tempering the Bloud, and carrying off the morbifick Cau&s;e. Farther, I thought large Epi&s;pa&s;tick Pla&s;ters, applied behind to the Neck, were of more u&s;e in this Fever, than in o|thers, wherein the febrile matter did not &s;eize the Head &s;o much: For by the violent pain and heat which the &s;aid Epi&s;pa&s;ticks u&s;ually impre&s;s on the part whereto they are applied, the matter which otherwi&s;e would a&s;cend to the Head, is derived to the place &s;o affected. To the&s;e means, and a Re|giment conducing to the &s;ame end, of cooling the Bloud, the Di&s;ea&s;e at length did, as it were, natu|rally, and of its own accord, give way, how much &s;oever it raged, if a man encountred it in any other method, which was clear to me from Experience: For when the edge of the Di&s;ea&s;e was taken off by the foregoing Ebullition, and the Patient was out of Gun &s;hot, and &s;ecure from tho&s;e violent Symp|toms which depended on it, we found nothing bet|ter than to let the Di&s;ea&s;e take its own cour&s;e, and gradually abate of it &s;elf; which ever &s;ucceeded better with me, than to attempt any violent evacu|ation whatever, at &s;uch a time: In the mean time I forbad my Patient fle&s;h, but gave him as much &s;mall Beer as he would drink. And there was one thing more, which mu&s;t not be forgot in de&s;cribing the Regiment of this Di&s;ea&s;e; becau&s;e upon the credit of manifold experience it turned to the Pati|ent's advantage, namely, that the Patient kept eve|ry day up from his bed for &s;ome hours; or if his weakne&s;s hindred that, he put on his cloaths at lea&s;t, and lay upon the bed, with his Head &s;ome|what high. For when I con&s;idered the great vio|lence, wherewith the Fever was carried to the Head, and the inflammatory di&s;po&s;ition of the bloud al&s;o, it came into my mind, that the Patient might reap &s;ome advantage from the po&s;ture of his Body, if, namely, it were &s;uch as that the heat might not at all be encrea&s;ed by what was circumambi|ent (which it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be, if he kept in bed continually,) nor the violence of the bloud tending towards the Head promoted, &s;eeing there|by the heat of the Brain would be encrea&s;ed, and therefore the Animal Spirits heated and exagitated, upon which there would be a more vehement vi|bration of the Heat, and an encrea&s;e of the Fever.</P>
<P>I found the fore&s;aid method, by Bleeding and Cly&s;ters &s;ucceed mo&s;t happily, but it always had not onely anomalous and ill natured Symptoms, but a dubious I&s;&s;ue, when it was provoked by Diapho|reticks. In the mean time that tacit <HI>Delirium</HI> grew eminent, which though indeed &s;ometimes I have &s;een it come of it &s;elf, yet by the over diligence of Nur&s;es, mi&s;-employed in cau&s;ing Sweat, for the mo&s;t part it was invited: For by this means the morbi&s;ick matter, which in this &s;ort of Fevers re|fu&s;ed to give way to Sweat, being violently moved, was at length rai&s;ed to the Head, to the great haz|zard of the Patient.</P>
<P>I could not conquer the &s;tupidity (very familiar to Children) when the Di&s;ea&s;e came fir&s;t, although I left no &s;tone unturned, and took to my a&s;&s;i&s;tence repeated bloud-letting, in the Armes, Neck and Feet, Ve&s;icatories, Cuppings, Cly&s;ters, Diaphore|ticks of all &s;orts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> At length, after I had bled in the Arm, and drawn a Bli&s;ter in the Neck, and given two or three Cly&s;ters of Milk and Sugar in the fir&s;t days of the Di&s;ea&s;e, I re&s;olved to try no|thing farther; but onely that I forbad the Patient Fle&s;h, and all &s;pirituous Liquors whatever. In the mean time I diligently attended Nature's method, that in&s;i&s;ting on her foot&s;teps, I might at length learn to conquer this Symptome. In the mean while the Di&s;ea&s;e which I was watching withdrawing &s;afely, though &s;lowly, at length vani&s;hed. Therefore I rec|koned I was to in&s;i&s;t on this Method, in all Fevers which I thenceforth had the cure of. This I know by diligent ob&s;ervation, that in this Fever the &s;aid Symptome, after general Evacuations, I &s;ay, after Bleeding and Cly&s;ters, u&s;ed to be &s;ucce&s;sfully con|quered by Time alone.</P>
<P>A Phrenzy came upon this Fever, but rarely, in which the Patient &s;lept neither night nor day, he could no way be ruled, and it took him away in a few days, unle&s;s the inflammation were &s;topt. And here Spirit of Vitriol did me &s;ervice above all other things, which after Bleeding and a Cly&s;ter or two, I gave to be dropt into &s;mall Beer for his ordinary drink: This in a few days procured &s;leep, and ha|ving conquered all Symptoms, re&s;tored the Patient,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham,</HI> Ob&s;. in Acut. p. <HI>317,</HI> &amp;c.</NOTE> which indeed I could effect by no other method. And this was abundantly made out to me by often repeated Experience.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Cardiaca,</HI> or, The Heart-Ague. (See <HI>Febris Syncopalis.</HI>) Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>HEart-agues occur, being accompanied with un|&s;peakable, and oftentimes intolerable pain, a|bout the upper orifice of the Stomach, and they are e&s;pecially grievous in this Symptome, whether vo|miting concur or not; &s;ometimes they are Epide|mick. The Pancreatick juice breeds them, when it has got a corro&s;ive faculty by &s;tagnation, e&s;pecial|ly when &s;harp Bile concurs, and a potent Efferve&s;|cency happens upon their conflux, whence very &s;harp Vapours ari&s;ing to the upper orifice of the Stomach, they &s;harply fret and corrode it.</P>
<P>So bitter a pain at the Heart will be cured by Opiates e&s;pecially, which may be added to divers Medicines, according to the diver&s;ity of other Symptoms that concur therewith, becau&s;e they a&s;|&s;uage both the &s;harps,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe~, <HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> which are the cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e. Let them be taken often, and in a &s;mall quantity, till you obtain what you de&s;ire.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="185" REF="98">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Catarrhalis,</HI> or, A Catarrh Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The De&s;cription and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It ari&s;es from the Me&s;entery. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE immoderate Heat la&s;t Summer was at|tended by as inten&s;e Cold the Winter fol|lowing. The Earth was covered with Snow, a North Wind blowing till the Calends of <HI>June.</HI> All the Winter it was a pretty healthy time. About the end of <HI>April</HI> in the year 1658. there aro&s;e a Di&s;ea&s;e on a &s;udden, which &s;iezed very many at once, &s;o that in &s;ome Towns above a Thou&s;and People were &s;ick together in one week's time. The Pathogno|mick Symptome of this Di&s;ea&s;e, and that which fir&s;t invaded the Patients was a trouble&s;ome Cough with much &s;pitting, and a Catarrh falling upon the Throat, Palate and No&s;e: There was al&s;o a febrile Intemperature, with Heat and Thir&s;t, want of Ap|petite, &s;pontaneous La&s;&s;itude, and a dull pain in the Back and Limbs. The Fever was in &s;ome more re|mi&s;s, that they could walk abroad; in others more inten&s;e, with heat, great thir&s;t, watching, hoar&s;|ne&s;s, and other Symptoms. The original and for|mal rea&s;on of this Di&s;ea&s;e were chiefly founded in two things, namely, in that there happened at the &s;ame time a more than u&s;ual efferve&s;cence of the bloud, cau&s;ed by the Spring &s;ea&s;on, and al&s;o a great con&s;triction of the Pores, cau&s;ed by a precedaneous tract of time, that was exceedingly over cold, that there was not free room for the bloud as it wrought in the Veins. The ca&s;e &s;tood thus, as if Wine, when it begins to work, were put in Ve&s;&s;els clo&s;e &s;topt: for by this means both the Ve&s;&s;els and liquor are in danger of being lo&s;t. But, that a North Wind is mo&s;t apt to produce Catarrhs, be&s;ides <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> his Te&s;timony, common Experience confirms it: As to the Symptoms joined with this Di&s;ea&s;e, they were cau&s;ed by Bloud fermenting too much, and not eventilated enough; therefore a &s;imple Con|tinent fever, or one of many days, was cau&s;ed, a little of the thinner bloud being heated, and the re&s;t onely put into confu&s;ion. In &s;ome that had an ill di&s;po&s;ition of the bloud, or a bad habit of body, it turned into a putrid and mortal Fever. The Cough with a Catarrh that accompanied this Fever, had its original from a &s;erous humour, that had been long gathering in the bloud, becau&s;e tran&s;piration was &s;topt, and then, upon the ri&s;ing of an efferve&s;cence, &s;weating out &s;o much the more, by the &s;mall Arteries, that open inwards: For when the Pores are &s;topt, the &s;uperfluous &s;ero&s;ities, that were u&s;ed to evaporate outwards, are by nearer purification of the bloud poured inwards upon the Lungs: Which is the rea|&s;on that a Cough is for the mo&s;t part rai&s;ed upon ta|king a Cold, that is, upon tran&s;piration outwards being hindred. As to the Cure, when this Di&s;ea&s;e is but &s;light, its Cure is for the mo&s;t part left to Na|ture; for this Fever, &s;ince it is onely a &s;imple Con|tinent, u&s;es to end within a few days in &s;weat. Wherefore after a plentifull &s;weat, the heat and thir&s;t, wearine&s;s and dull pains are done u&s;ually a|bout the third or fourth day: Then the Cough conti|nuing a little longer, does ever after by little and little decrea&s;e. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be more thoroughly fixt, it mu&s;t be cured according to the rules that are ob&s;erved in Putrid fevers, but with this difference, that becau&s;e tran&s;piration hindred, and the pouring of the &s;erous humour into the Lungs are in fault, therefore Diaphoreticks and Thoracicks are of more frequent u&s;e, for they hinder the flowing of the <HI>Se|rum</HI> out of the Ve&s;&s;els inwards, and either by opening the Pores convey it outwards, or by precipitating it from the bloud, di&s;charge it by the urinary pa&s;|&s;ages: The Remedies therefore which are by fre|quent experience vulgarly held to doe mo&s;t good in this Di&s;ea&s;e, are Sweating and Letting bloud. For when the Ve&s;&s;els are emptied either way,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE> both the immoderate efferve&s;cence of the Bloud, and the ex|uberance of the <HI>Serum</HI> are re&s;trained.</P>
<P><HI>Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, Pr. Med. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30. calls them Ca|tarrh agues, which come from a Catarrh, falling not onely on the Lungs, but on any other part, that moves and cea&s;es together with the Ague fit; for a new humour falls not on the parts out of the Ague fit; and what is faln already, does not recede, or leave the part affected, although the Ague fit be o|ver. And they are owing to the humours gathered by little and little in the Head, which are di&s;&s;olved by the cau&s;e of the Ague being carried thither, and mo|ved every way to their di&s;tillation and defluxion. The Catarrhs that are moved to their defluxion at the time of the Ague fit, require different Medi|cines, according as they con&s;i&s;t of a different matter, and affect different parts. In general, their vitious quality mu&s;t be corrected, their plenty abated, and the parts that are u&s;ually affected by them mu&s;t be &s;trengthened. Therefore thick and vi&s;cous Catarrhs mu&s;t be attenuated and cut by Aromaticks: But &s;e|rous and &s;alt ones mu&s;t be tempered with oily things and Opiates: Thick ones mu&s;t be evacuated with Phlegmagogues, &s;erous ones with Hydragogues: The parts affected, or like to be affected, mu&s;t be &s;trengthened again&s;t vi&s;cous and thick Phlegm by Aromaticks that are gratefull to them; again&s;t a &s;alt <HI>Serum</HI> by glutinous things, both external and internal.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen,</HI> 6 <HI>de Sanit. tuend.</HI> 9. &s;aid right, that they who are obnoxious to di&s;tillations, are prone to ma|ny and divers Di&s;ea&s;es, according to the imbecillity of different parts. For when the Brain it &s;elf has pou|red abundance out of it &s;elf, (<HI>lib. de Carnib.</HI> 17.) if the Patients have weak Lungs by Nature, and the Brain be weakned by a foregoing Fever, and made fit to produce matter for a Catarrh (wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de Sympt. Cau&s;.</HI> 4. &s;aid, that a Catarrh is cau&s;ed, when the Brain being either too much cooled, or over hot, is weakned, and &s;o concocts badly, and breeds much Excrements, to which the retentive faculty is for|ced to give way, whence on nece&s;&s;ity a fluxion to the lower parts is rai&s;ed, which falling on the Lungs cau&s;es a Cough,) &s;ometimes a far greater quantity of the Catarrh falls upon the Stomach and Me&s;entery by the Gullet, than does upon the Lungs by the Wind-pipe: And this being kept a long time in the Me&s;en|tery, and not ventilated, often conceives a putre|factive heat, and rai&s;es a Fever, ob&s;tructions giving no &s;mall help to the putrefaction, together with the defluxion, which maintains them. And it is not to be doubted, but Vapours are carried from the lower natural parts by the Veins, and &s;paces into the Head, and crudities al&s;o from the whole venous kind, which circulation is accounted the wor&s;t by <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> Nor let it &s;eem marvelous to any Man, that this Fever mu&s;t be called a Putrid, but not a Humour Fever, &s;ince <HI>Galen</HI> called the watry &s;pittle of the Aliment, and the &s;ero&s;ities that di&s;till from the Brain, excre|mentitious humidities; but he would never call them Phlegm, becau&s;e it is a juice declining a little from the perfection of bloud: But this juice of the Brain, or improper Phlegm, is an excrement of the third concoction, and therefore &s;hould not be reckoned among pituitous humours. And there are other Pu|trid Fevers that are not humoral, as &s;uch as proceed from &s;ome inward Ulcer; yet they mu&s;t all properly be called Symptomatick. For the cure of them, fir&s;t of all, the fir&s;t ways mu&s;t be clean&s;ed. Secondly, Ob|&s;tructions mu&s;t be opened. Thirdly, The febrile heat mu&s;t be moderately allayed, Fourthly, The venous kind and Head mu&s;t be gently purged. Fifth|ly, The hot and moi&s;t intemperature of the Head mu&s;t be qualified. And la&s;tly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> de Febrib<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> the Di&s;tillation mu&s;t by all means po&s;&s;ible be diverted from the Wind-Pipe and Gullet.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="186" REF="99">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Colica vel Torminalis,</HI> or, The Colick, or Gripe-Ague. Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>THere are now and then &s;ome Agues ob&s;erved, which may be called Colick, or Gripe-agues, from the mo&s;t grievous Gripes of the Belly, and racking Di&s;ten&s;ions of the &s;ame, coming and going with the Ague fit. They are cau&s;ed by the Pan|creatick juice, made more &s;harp and au&s;tere by its &s;tagnation, and exerting its Acrimony &s;ometimes upon the &s;mall, &s;ometimes upon the greater Guts likewi&s;e: With which, if vi&s;cid phlegm and bile, but moderately &s;harp, do concur, wind is rai&s;ed, which, together with the Guts, di&s;tends the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and create a violent Colick pain, companion to the A|gue. The following mixture will be good for the&s;e Agues; Take of Water of Mint 2 ounces, <HI>Vitae Matthiol.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;. <HI>Prax. Med. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> 1 ounce. Or, Take of Tincture of Cinnamon half an ounce, Oil of Cloves 6 drops, Syrup of Scurvygra&s;s 1 ounce. Take a Spoonfull now and then.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Colliquans,</HI> or, A Colliqua|ting Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Cold Water may be given for prevention in a Ma|lignant one? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it mu&s;t be given? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ob&s;ervation of Diet, and drinking Cold Water better than Medicines. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BEcau&s;e all things are reduced to Colliqua|tion alone, therefore we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t on it, not indeed by drinking Cold water, which <HI>Aetius, Paulus</HI> and <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> gave for a Colliquative fever, but rather with binding and thickning remedies, that are endued with a &s;ub&s;typtick faculty, &s;uch as <HI>Terra Sigillata vera</HI> to a &s;cruple, and &s;o <HI>Bole Armenick:</HI> Al&s;o ten or twelve grains of Emerauld Powder. All of them mu&s;t be given in Plantain-water and Juice of Quinces. And upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity we mu&s;t proceed to Opiates by degrees;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis</HI> de Febr.</NOTE> and fir&s;t of all we mu&s;t u&s;e Syrup of Popy, then <HI>Laudanum,</HI> and la&s;t of all new Treacle, reformed with Pearl. &para; But in a burning Colliquative fever, where there are two Pa|thognomick &s;igns, Burning Heat and unquenchable Thir&s;t, drinking of Cold water &s;eems to have the chief place;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e it is a Re|medy both for the Burning and Colliquating fe|brile Heat.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen</HI> reduced all the conditions requi&s;ite to the drinking of Cold water to three, goodne&s;s of Strength, &s;igns of Coction, and a mo&s;t violent Burn|ing fever; which la&s;t condition &s;erves for the In|dicant, Strength for the Permittent, Coction for the Prohibent. Neverthele&s;s, no manife&s;t &s;igns of Coction appearing, we may pre&s;ently give Cold water, after <HI>Averrhoes</HI> his example, who gave Cold water, not waiting for Coction: For, &s;aid he, the Patient may die dried up before Coction; and we may &s;ay, Colliquated and con&s;umed. It may be given therefore, but not in &s;uch a quantity, as to &s;tifle the innate Heat, that is, not above five or &s;ix pounds at mo&s;t: And the day following, in&s;tead of it, di&s;tilled Waters of the Juice of cooling herbs may be given.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4 <HI>de rat. vict.</HI> teaches, that the Di|et &s;hould be cooling, and moderately a&s;tringent, and thicker a little than the Di&s;ea&s;e requires; who, treating of the Cure of Fevers, with a Loo&s;ne&s;s wa|&s;ting and con&s;uming the Body, taught, that cooling and thick Broths &s;hould be given them, and, not|with&s;tanding their <HI>delirium,</HI> he orders them to drink a little more vinous and a&s;tringent drink. Whence we gather, that &s;uch a Diet mu&s;t be gi|ven, as may relieve the di&s;&s;olution of the Body, though it may &s;eem to add to the Di&s;ea&s;e and its Symptoms. And things that hinder the di&s;&s;oluti|on of the Body are threefold; to wit, things that re&s;pect the Body, and the Humour, and them both: They belong to the fir&s;t, which afford much nou|ri&s;hment to the Body, and are ea&s;ie of dige&s;tion: Things that are potentially cold, to the &s;econd: And whatever cooling Victuals partake of an A|&s;tringent virtue, to the third. Therefore in Col|liquating fevers, that is the be&s;t food, which nouri&s;hes, cools, and binds moderately. So Bread &s;oaked in the Juice of &s;owre Pomegranate is pro|per. Cold water is a mo&s;t proper drink and Me|dicine, as it re&s;pects both the Body and the Hu|mour.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Farthermore, we mu&s;t know, that a right admini&s;tration of Diet, and drinking of cold Wa|ter is the be&s;t remedy, and Medicines doe little good; Wherefore we mu&s;t be very carefull, that the food be of good nouri&s;hment, and ea&s;ie dige&s;ti|on, with which we mu&s;t mix things that may cool and bind a little; for things that are very binding are therefore improper, becau&s;e they keep the mor|bifick cau&s;e within the body, &s;eeing they ob&s;truct all the ways for evacuation. And the be&s;t food that I know, is Barley-Pti&s;an, made in the manner following; Boil two well-fle&s;hed Pullets with three handfulls of French-Barley, and one of Pur&s;lain; a little before you remove it from the fire, put in one pugil of the Kernels of a &s;owre Pomegranate,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de vict. Febr. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>21.</HI></NOTE> let it boil till the Barley bur&s;t, and when you have put a little Sugar to it, let it be given to them who&s;e &s;trength is brought low.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris delira,</HI> or, The Doating Ague. Its Nature and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>AS Continual Fevers, &s;o Agues frequently oc|cur, which may be called Mad or Doating A|gues; the <HI>delirium</HI> appearing &s;eldom indeed during the cold Fit, but often when the hot Fit is on a Man. Which, that they &s;hould be attributed, the Fever being &s;harp enough of it &s;elf, to the Bile,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;. <HI>Prax. Med. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 30.</NOTE> made yet &s;harper upon its meeting with the pancrea|tick juice, which cau&s;es a new Ague-fit, other Sym|ptoms commonly concomitant do evince. Tho&s;e things will cure, which both powerfully and gent|ly correct, and temper the acrimony of the bile, &s;uch as are e&s;pecially Oily things, Emul&s;ions and Opiates within and without.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="187" REF="99">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Dy&s;enterica,</HI> or a Dy&s;enterick Fever. Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>IN the beginning of Autumn, in the year 1669, when the Bloudy-flux raged, a certain Fever a|ro&s;e with it, which was very like that Fever that u&s;ually attends Dy&s;enterick per&s;ons, which indeed &s;ei&s;ed not them onely, who had had the Dy&s;entery, but tho&s;e that had been wholly free from it; For it had the &s;ame manife&s;t or apparent Cau&s;es, which a Dy&s;entery has, and the &s;ame Symptoms for all the World, which accompanied the Fevers of Dy|&s;enterick per&s;ons: So that if you do but except the Stools of people in a Bloudy-flux, and the &s;aid Symptoms which nece&s;&s;arily depend on them, the Fever &s;eemed wholly of the &s;ame nature with the Dy&s;enteries them&s;elves. Therefore I called this a Dy&s;enterick fever: It &s;ometimes began with Gripes, but moderate ones, or &s;ometimes they came a little after it, but often there were no Gripes at all.</P>
<P>For the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e, after I had ob&s;erv|ed that the <HI>Phaenomena</HI> of the Fever of mo&s;t Dy&s;en|terick per&s;ons were the very &s;ame with them that accompanied the Solitary Fevers of this year, it &s;eemed con&s;entaneous to me, that my Patients might be cured, if I did in &s;ome mea&s;ure imitate that e|vacuation, by which Nature u&s;es to throw off that corro&s;ive and &s;harp matter, which is the continent cau&s;e of the Dy&s;entery it &s;elf, and of the Fever that attends it. And therefore I encountred this Fever in the very &s;ame method, both as to Bleeding and repeated Purging and Cordials, as I u&s;ed in the cure of the Dy&s;entery above. Except that I found, that Paregoricks given between the Purges, did not onely doe no good, but that they did harm, otherwi&s;e than in the Dy&s;entery, becau&s;e the Mat|ter was detained by them, that &s;hould have been carried off by Purging. The Patient lived for the fir&s;t days of the Di&s;ea&s;e upon Oatmeal and Barley-Grewel: His drink was &s;mall Beer a little warm. And after I had Purged him once or twice, I &s;aw no nece&s;&s;ity to forbid my Patient a little Chicken, or &s;ome &s;uch meat, ea&s;ie of Dige&s;tion, &s;ince this curing of him by Purging may allow it, which could not be granted, if we went another way to work. The third Purge for the mo&s;t part, one day being always interpo&s;ed, made an end of the Di|&s;ea&s;e: Yet this did not always hold good, but &s;ome|times more were to be u&s;ed. If, when the Fever was gone, the Patients &s;trength was broken and feeble, and they recovered &s;lowly (which frequent|ly happened to hy&s;terick per&s;ons) I endeavoured to re&s;tore it, and to recall the Spirits that were run away and di&s;&s;ipated, to their de&s;erted Stations, by giving <HI>Laudanum</HI> in a little do&s;e: but I rarely re|peated that remedy, nor ever pre&s;cribed it, till two or three days after the la&s;t Purge: But no|thing made &s;o much for renewing the &s;trength, and refre&s;hing the Spirits, as a free u&s;e of the open Air, pre&s;ently as the Fever was departed. And I took the occa&s;ion of in&s;i&s;ting on this practice from hence; In the beginning almo&s;t of this Con&s;tituti|on I was called to a young Woman, lying &s;ick in|deed of a Fever, and almo&s;t killed with a mo&s;t bit|ter pain in her forehead, and with other Symptoms, with which we have already &s;aid, that this Dy&s;en|terick fever was loaded. When I enquired of her, in what manner the Fever fir&s;t took her, and how long &s;he had had it, &s;he confe&s;&s;ed, that fourteen days agoe &s;he had been freed of a Dy&s;entery; to which, either going away of it &s;elf, or forced a|way by help of Medicines, the &s;aid Fever forth|with &s;ucceeded with an Head-ach: Which I did conjecture I might be be&s;t able to prevent, if I &s;ub&s;tituted another evacuation in&s;tead of the Dy&s;en|tery, very like that, upon &s;topping of which the Fe|ver aro&s;e; and therefore I re&s;tored her in the me|thod before recommended. And the Fevers of this Con&s;titution did mo&s;t readily yield them&s;elves to this method. In young people, and &s;ometimes in tho&s;e that were a little elder, this Fever now and then got into the head, upon which they grew delirous, not indeed as in other Fevers, after the manner of a Phren&s;ie, but they were &s;truck with a Stupidity, which came very nigh a <HI>Carus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Syden<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">am.</HI> Sect. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Ob&s;. in mo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t.</NOTE> This happened to them, above all the re&s;t, who had in any &s;ort, unfortunately employed them&s;elves in ex|torting Sweats.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Ephemera,</HI> or, An one-day Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether the Bath be proper? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Diatrion pipereon</HI> be proper for one bred of Crudi|ties? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether drinking of Warm water be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Oxymel</HI> be good for an imputrid Continent? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether drinking of Cold water be proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It cannot be &s;afely cured without Bloud-letting? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Man may Bleed till he faint. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An <HI>Ephemera</HI> from con&s;tipation of the Skin, cured by Hy|droticks. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether is a Bath proper in one-day-Fevers? For the re&s;olution, we mu&s;t know, that a Bath of Sweet-water may be con&s;i|dered in re&s;pect of its divers parts, whereof <HI>Galen, l.</HI> 10. <HI>method.</HI> enumerates four. 1. The Air of the Bath, by virtue of which Sweat is rai&s;ed. 2. A &s;eat of hot Water. 3. A &s;eat of cold Water. 4. That part of it where the Sweat is wiped off. But &s;ince the cau&s;es of one-day Fevers are various and divers, we mu&s;t take notice, that the hot Air of the Bath is proper for tho&s;e Diaries which are cau&s;ed by the clo&s;ene&s;s of the Skin, ob&s;truction of the Pores, or &s;welling of the Glands: But it is hurtfull for tho&s;e that are cau&s;ed by commotions of the mind, by wearine&s;s, heat of the Sun and the like: A &s;eat of hot Water may more &s;afely be u&s;ed in every Diary: A &s;eat of cold water cannot be granted with|out caution: But then it is proper for every one to wipe off the Sweat. <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> his limitation laid down, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 6. mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that all the&s;e things may be proceeded on in an <HI>Ephemera,</HI> as &s;uch: For where Ob&s;tructions, internal Crudities, Loath|ings, Catarrhs, Loo&s;ne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> occur, we mu&s;t ab|&s;tain from Baths. We mu&s;t take notice al&s;o, that &s;ome Modern Phy&s;icians have &s;ub&s;tituted other re|medies in&s;tead of Baths, becau&s;e we want that pro|vi&s;ion which was familiar to the Ancients: And farthermore for this rea&s;on, becau&s;e mo&s;t people are delinquent in their diet, and hereupon heaping up of crudities renders their bodies unfit for the u&s;e of the Bathe.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;tius</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen</HI> is found fault with by <HI>Trallianus</HI> for pre|&s;cribing <HI>meth. med. c.</HI> 5. <HI>Diatrion pipereon &s;implex,</HI> where, when the body is co&s;tive, crude aliment is lodged in the Stomach; and 4 <HI>de &s;anit. tuend.</HI> for giving it in a nidorulent crudity, which is proper neither on the account of the Fever, nor of its cau&s;e, which is the effect of an ever inten&s;e heat. But <HI>Galen</HI>'s de&s;ign is, to provoke the expul&s;ive faculty by a Me|dicine endued with &s;uch acrimony, to the end that the corrupt aliment may depart to the Guts, and what crude remains, may be farther concocted and
<PB N="188" REF="100"> dige&s;ted. Be&s;ides, if it be given, when the Body is Purged, it does no harm, becau&s;e its heat is ex|tingui&s;hed in the fir&s;t ways,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and goes not into the Veins, but in the mean time it &s;trengthens the weak Stomach.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Trallianus</HI> his Medicine de&s;erves notice, who commends drinking of warm Water, where Meat is in the Stomach; for it wa&s;hes, clean&s;es, and drives the Meat into the lower Belly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;ius,</HI> d. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eb. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> it tempers the inflamed Spirits; and he &s;ays, he knows not a better remedy: and truly it is an excellent one.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Oxymel</HI> is &s;u&s;pected by &s;ome, upon the ac|count of the Honey, who&s;e heat &s;eems hurtfull for &s;everal per&s;ons, becau&s;e it ea&s;ily turns to choler: But it is truly agreeable, becau&s;e it di&s;&s;olves what is thick and glutinous, and opens ob&s;tructed pa&s;|&s;ages. Be&s;ides, all things &s;hould be con&s;idered in it, of which it con&s;i&s;ts, and not the qualities of the Honey onely &s;hould be con&s;idered (which by <HI>Quer|cetan, Pharm. Dogm. c.</HI> 10. is preferred before Sugar, as being more pure and defecate; for Sugar, if its &s;weetne&s;s be not corrected, ea&s;ily turns to bile and ob&s;tructs the Bowels by its vi&s;cidity) but al&s;o the vitriolate quality of the Vinegar joined with the watry humidity, does &s;o abate the heat of the Ho|ney, that its deter&s;ive and aperient virtue is apparent without any remarkable heat. The fretting of the Guts, and rai&s;ing a Cough need not be feared much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;ti|us.</NOTE> if there be but a moderate quantity of Vi|negar.</P>
<P N="5">V. It is a que&s;tion, whether drinking of cold Water be proper in an imputrid Continent fever. But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that when <HI>Galen</HI> forbids drink|ing of cold Water, before &s;igns of coction, it mu&s;t be under&s;tood of putrid Fevers: for in this Fever, that is void of putrefaction, it may be given even in the beginning, &s;o there be the conditions requi|&s;ite, ab&s;ence of ob&s;tructions in the Bowels, of a <HI>Phlegmon,</HI> of a weak Stomach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But according to <HI>Riverius,</HI> &s;ince this &s;ort of Remedy is become ob|&s;olete, and it is &s;carce po&s;&s;ible to ob&s;erve all the conditions, and that mi&s;chiefs ari&s;e from the pre|po&s;terous u&s;e of it, it is better to doe the bu&s;ine&s;s by &s;afe means.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The &s;econd greate&s;t remedy for Continent fevers is drinking of cold Water, which <HI>Galen</HI> omit|ted in curing that young Gentleman, 9 <HI>Meth.</HI> 5. be|cau&s;e Bleeding alone was &s;ufficient: But this Reme|dy would be pernicious to one that &s;tood in need of plenteous Bleeding, becau&s;e by incra&s;&s;ating the Plenty within the body, it would &s;top and &s;tiffen it: And the innate heat, being as it were &s;tifled by much thick bloud, would be quite &s;mothered by drinking of cold water. When yet &s;ome haemophobous Phy|&s;icians have fal&s;ly thought, that drinking cold water was a Remedy that might be &s;ub&s;tituted to Bleeding, although without taking away bloud it cannot be admini&s;tred. So that Bleeding indeed without drinking cold Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fertis 1.</HI> de F. b. p. <HI>4</HI> &amp; <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> may be admitted; but drinking of cold Water without precedent Bleeding cannot.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Bloud may be taken away in a Continent fever, to fainting, whatever <HI>Averroes</HI> talkes again&s;t <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf. It may be he does not di&s;tingui&s;h Fainting from Swooning, as <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <HI>de S. m. c.</HI> 12. has di&s;tingui&s;hed, &s;aying, That while bloud is taking away, to fainting, we mu&s;t be attent to the change of the Pul&s;e, le&s;t they fall into a Swoon. By this evacuation the redundance of the hot bloud is dimini&s;hed, the whole body cooled, and reduced to its natural temper, whereby Nature being re|lieved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> is able to expell and &s;eparate the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Many who have been wet in the Rain fall &s;ick, and e&s;pecially into a Continual fever, tran&s;pi|ration being &s;topt, which is very apt to cau&s;e Fe|vers. After Bleeding, I found nothing better, than to open the Body with a Sudorifick Decoction; Take <HI>Sar&s;a Parilla</HI> 1 ounce, Seeds of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> half an ounce, Leaves of Scabious, Marigold, each half an handfull. Make a Decoction of them all, which mu&s;t be taken very hot with a little White-wine, or a few drops of Treacle-water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Pachequus <HI>in ob&s;.</HI> Rive|rii 61.</NOTE> I have &s;een &s;ome Phy&s;icians, who did not in the lea&s;t dream of Sudorificks, but when they ob&s;erved the effects of our Potion, they commended it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Epiala,</HI> or, A Fever, in which a Man is &s;en&s;ible of Heat and Cold all over his Body, in the &s;ame part, and at the &s;ame time.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What form of Diet mu&s;t be ob&s;erved? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;ort of Aperients are proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THey are deceived, that think, there &s;hould be a thinner Diet in an <HI>Epiala,</HI> than in a &s;imple Quotidian; Whereas the Diet &s;hould be ful|ler, and the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e in a Quotidian &s;weet Phlegm offends, that by farther coction may be con|verted into bloud and nutrition; which can never be expected from vitreous Phlegm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> And the &s;ame way mu&s;t be taken in all other preternatural &s;orts of Phlegm.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, Prax. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 30. judges <HI>E|pialaes</HI> to be double Agues, but both cau&s;ed by a &s;harp Pancreatick juice, and a &s;harp bile; And &s;o indeed, as that the Cold of one continually meets with the Heat of the other, and a new fit of the for|mer, and the Cold, returns, when the heat of the latter is augmented, and he pre&s;cribes Medicines compounded of the fore&s;aid &s;ubcontraries, which re&s;pect both the Phlegmatick and Cholerick hu|mours, that abound in the &s;ame Patient. Let this mixture be for an example; Take of Water of <HI>Car|duus Benedictus,</HI> Succory, each 1 ounce and an half, &s;im|ple Treacle Water, di&s;tilled Vinegar, each 6 oun|ces, Powder of Crabs-eyes, half an ounce, Syrup of the five opening Roots 1 ounce. Mix them.</P>
<P N="3">III. There is this property in all the&s;e Fevers, to wit, that all things which dry as well as heat, are inconvenient for the&s;e Fevers, becau&s;e they make the matter thicker, the thinner parts being dige&s;ted into exhalations: And &s;eeing Phy&s;icians a&s;&s;ert, that the matter of the&s;e Fevers is thick humours, which cau&s;e both Heat and Cold at once, they &s;eem not to advi&s;e very whole&s;omely,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de victu Febr. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE> who give &s;uch Feveri&s;h Per&s;ons Broth of Vetches, and Brine: Certainly, it were more proper for them to u&s;e things, which be|ing moi&s;t, may al&s;o clean&s;e and cut.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Ery&s;ipelato&s;a,</HI> or, A St. An|thony's Fire Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its de&s;cription and cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It has affinity with a Pe&s;tilential Fever. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THis Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eizes any part of the Body, and that at any &s;ea&s;on, and the Face above all other parts, and e&s;pecially at the latter end of Summer; at which &s;ea&s;on often the Patient is ta|ken, as he is abroad in the open Air. For the Face is &s;welled on a &s;udden, the Swelling begins with extreme heat and redne&s;s, and is thick be&s;et with &s;mall Pu&s;tules, which, when the Inflammation is farther increa&s;ed &s;ometimes run into Bli&s;ters: Then
<PB N="189" REF="100"> it creeps farther over the Forehead and Head it &s;elf, the Eyes in the mean time being quite cover|ed over with the Swelling. (The Country People call it Bla&s;ting) nor indeed is it made different from tho&s;e Symptoms that attend the Stinging of Bees or Wa&s;ps, but that there are Pu&s;tules. And &s;uch is the mo&s;t known and vulgar &s;ort of St. <HI>Antho|ny's</HI>-Fire.</P>
<P>But what part of the body &s;oever this Ail &s;eizes, as al&s;o at what time of the year &s;oever it comes, Cold and Shaking, unle&s;s they go before (which &s;ometime falls out a day or two before) for the mo&s;t part accompany this Inflammation, as al&s;o Thir&s;t, Re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s, and other &s;igns of Fevers. In the pro|ce&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, as the Fever fir&s;t cau&s;ed pain, Swelling and other Symptoms (which increa&s;ing every day, &s;ometimes end in a Gangrene) &s;o the&s;e in their turn contribute no &s;mall &s;hare to the in|crea&s;e of the Fever, till both of them be extin|gui&s;hed with proper Remedies.</P>
<P>And there is another &s;ort of this Di&s;ea&s;e, though more rarely occurring: This invades a Man at any time of the year, and that u&s;ually for this rea|&s;on, to wit, becau&s;e the Patient has given him&s;elf to drink &s;ubtile and attenuating Wines a little too freely, or &s;ome &s;uch &s;pirituous liquour. The Fe|ver, which leads the Van, is attended by the break|ing out of Pu&s;tules almo&s;t all the body over, which re&s;emble the &s;tinging of Nettles, and &s;ometimes ri&s;e in Bli&s;ters, and then &s;triking in again hide them|&s;elves like little knots under the Skin, with a mo&s;t biting and intolerable Itch.</P>
<P>Here I judge, the peccant matter mixt with the bloud &s;hould by right be evacuated, and the ebulli|tion of the &s;ame bloud &s;hould be &s;topt with Reme|dies that temper it; and la&s;tly, that the matter, which is now &s;etled in the parts, &s;hould be got out and di&s;cu&s;&s;ed.</P>
<P>That the&s;e things may be done, as &s;oon as I come, I order a large quantity of bloud to be taken from the Arm, which indeed almo&s;t ever re&s;embles the bloud of pleuritick per&s;ons. The day following I give the gentle Purging Potion, familiar to me in my practice, and at the hour of &s;leep (if perhaps the Patient have Purged too much) &s;ome Parego|rick Draught, as <HI>Syrupus de Meconio</HI> in Cow&s;lip-flower-water, or &s;ome &s;uch thing. When the Purge has done working, I order the part grieved to be fo|mented with the following Decoction; Take of the Roots of Mar&s;hmallow and Lily each 2 ounces, Leaves of Mallows, Elder, Mullein, each 2 hand|fulls, Flowers of Melilot, Tops of St. John's-wort, and Le&s;&s;er Centaury, each 1 handfull, Lin&s;eed and Faenugreek-&s;eed, each half an ounce. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water to 3 pounds. Let the Liquour be &s;trained, and at the time of u&s;e add to every pound of the Decoction Spirit of Wine 2 ounces. Let &s;ome folds of thin Flannel be dipt in this decoction, and &s;trained out, and then applied warm to the part twice a day, which after fomen|tation may daily be anointed with this following Mixture; Take of Spirit of Wine half a pound, Ve|nice-Treacle 2 ounces. Powder of Long Pepper, Cloves, each 2 drachms. Mix them. Let a brown Paper, wet in this Mixture, be wrapt about the part.</P>
<P>Moreover, I advi&s;e the Patient to feed onely on Barley, and Oatmeal-Grewel, and ro&s;ted Apples; and al&s;o to drink very &s;mall Beer, and to keep up for &s;ome hours every day from his Bed. By this Method both the Fever and other Symptoms are for the mo&s;t part quickly put to flight. But if not, I again breathe a Vein, which now and then mu&s;t be done a third time, a day always pa&s;&s;ing be|tween, to wit, if there be a bad di&s;po&s;ition in the bloud, and a violent Fever. The days he does not bleed, I pre&s;cribe a Cly&s;ter of Milk, and Syrup of Violets, and cooling Juleps of Water of Water-Lily, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> already mentioned in the cure of the Rheumati&s;m, to be u&s;ed any hour of the day. But for the mo&s;t part, once Bleeding, and a Purge fol|lowing, if they be u&s;ed in time, doe the bu&s;i|ne&s;s.</P>
<P>That &s;ort, which re&s;embles the &s;tinging of Net|tles, with an Itch, mu&s;t be got away by the like means; but that this &s;tands in le&s;s need of outward applications.</P>
<P N="2">II. Certainly, in my judgment, we may &s;ee no ob&s;cure re&s;emblance of the Plague, with that Inflam|mation, which the <HI>Latins</HI> call <HI>Ignis &s;acer,</HI> and we in our own Language St. <HI>Anthony's Fire.</HI> For this Di|&s;ea&s;e is with &s;ound Phy&s;icians, a continual Fever, deriving its original from the thinner part of the bloud, being corrupted and inflamed, from which, that Nature may free her &s;elf, &s;he expells it to &s;ome external part of the body, in which a Tu|mour, or rather (&s;eeing oftentimes no &s;uch re|markable Tumour appears) a red, broad, &s;pread|ing &s;pot, which they call <HI>the Ro&s;e,</HI> appears. And this Fever, after it has afflicted the Patient a day or two, ends critically in this Swelling, and far|thermore there is &s;ometimes a pain in the Glands under the Arm-pits, or in the Groin. And this Di|&s;ea&s;e commonly &s;ei&s;es a Man as the Pe&s;tilence, with a chillne&s;s and a Feveri&s;h Heat following, &s;o that they who have never had it before, think they are taken with the Plague, till at la&s;t the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hew it &s;elf in the Leg, or in &s;ome other part. Be&s;ides &s;ome Authours &s;u&s;pect, that there is &s;omething of Malignity in this Di&s;ea&s;e, and therefore they de|termine the cure to be in the u&s;e of Sudorificks, and Alexipharmacks. This flame indeed, when it has &s;tirred up an Ebullition, by means whereof the particles of the bloud being &s;lightly &s;inged, and as it were bla&s;ted, are in a &s;hort time ca&s;t out, is extin|gui&s;hed of its own accord, without attempting any farther mi&s;chief.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Haemorrhagica, Haemopto&iuml;ca,</HI> or, The Bleeding, and Bloud-&s;pitting Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>Its De&s;cription and Cure.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>SOme Fevers may de&s;ervedly be reckoned among the Intercurrent, which becau&s;e &s;ome way or other they immediately make way for them&s;elves, and end in this or that Symptome, are vulgarly not accounted Fevers, although originally they were truely &s;uch, and that affection from which the Di|&s;ea&s;e borrowed its name, is onely a Symptome of the Fever, which is at la&s;t terminated therein; At pre&s;ent I &s;hall onely take notice of two, Bleeding at the No&s;e and Spitting of Bloud.</P>
<P>Bleeding at the No&s;e annoys a Man at every &s;ea|&s;on of the year, e&s;pecially them that have a hot bloud, and are of a weakly Con&s;titution, and that, more in Age than Youth. U&s;ually, at its fir&s;t ap|proach, it makes &s;ome &s;hew of a Fever, in that, while it makes its way, where it confined it, pain and heat in the Forehead do yet torment Men; the Bloud runs for &s;ome hours, then it &s;tops a while, by and by it bur&s;ts out again, and &s;o by turns, till at length being &s;topt, either by the u&s;e of Medicines, or of its own accord, becau&s;e of the abatement and lo&s;s of a great quantity it wholly cea&s;es; yet &s;o as that the Patient may fear a Relap&s;e every year, if he &s;hould happen to heat him&s;elf, either with Spirituous Liquours, or on any other occa&s;ion whatever.</P>
<P>This is the end I propo&s;e to my &s;elf, that the too great heat and ebullition of the bloud, whence the
<PB N="190" REF="101"> &s;aid extrava&s;ation ari&s;es contrary to the u&s;age of Nature, may be by all means re&s;trained, and its vio|lence turned another way. Therefore I frequent|ly open a Vein in the Arm, and take bloud liberally away, in colour ever an&s;wering the bloud of pleu|ritick per&s;ons: I injoyn a cooling and thickning cour&s;e of Diet, as of Spring-water 8 parts, and one of Milk, boiled together, to be drunk cold; baked Apples, Barley-Grewel, and the like things, ab|&s;taining from Fle&s;h. I order them to &s;it up from Bed a little while every day, and to take a lenient cooling Cly&s;ter every day, and not to omit it for one day. Moreover, the fury of the bloud is re|&s;trained, as if it were bound with a Chain, by a pa|regorick draught of <HI>Diacodium</HI> at the hour of &s;leep.</P>
<P>But when a &s;harp <HI>Lympha</HI> accompanies &s;uch hae|morrhagies, as it often does, which being mixt with the bloud, helps its motion, by opening the Orifices of the Veins, it is cu&s;tomary with me, be|&s;ides revul&s;ion and cooling, to give a gentle Purge even in the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, who&s;e operation when it is over, I give an Anodyne, a little &s;tronger than ordinary, and when the Symptome is utterly vani&s;hed, I give another Purge.</P>
<P>Spitting of bloud al&s;o, which in the confines of Spring and Summer &s;ei&s;es Men of a hot con&s;tituti|on, but not of a very &s;trong one, and who&s;e Lungs are not in very good order, al&s;o young Men above old Men, is commonly of the &s;ame nature with Bleeding at the No&s;e, &s;eeing this is al&s;o a Fever, which parts with its name as well as e&s;&s;ence, at the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> in which it ends, onely with this difference, that in the former Di&s;ea&s;e, the bloud being too much agitated, makes its a&s;&s;ault upon the little Veins in the No&s;e, and in this, upon the Lungs: And as in that, during the Flux, Pain and Heat they continually pierce the Forehead, &s;o in this, both of them be&s;et the Brea&s;t, with a kind of debili|ty. Moreover, this Ail challenges to it &s;elf the &s;ame method of cure in a manner, which Bleeding does, but that it will not &s;o well endure Purging, upon which, e&s;pecially repeated, the Patient is ea&s;ily ca&s;t into a Con&s;umption: But Phlebotomy of|ten celebrated, a Cly&s;ter given every day, <HI>Diacodi|um</HI> given at the hour of &s;leep, Diet moreover, and thickning and cooling Medicines, will doe the work,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> as you would de&s;ire.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Hectica,</HI> or, A Hectick Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Knowledge of a Hectick fever. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Bleeding is proper for Con&s;umptive Fevers? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Diet of contrary qualities, to wit, Milk, which is ea&s;ie of dige&s;tion, and Crayfi&s;h, Cockles, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which are hard of dige&s;tion, may be pre&s;cribed? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things prohibiting the u&s;e of Milk. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Milk mu&s;t not be given pre&s;ently after going out of the Bath. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whey may be given. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Broth made of a &s;mall Chicken. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether drinking of Cold water may be allowed? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A mea&s;ure mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in Cooling. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A cold Bath, u&s;ed by the Ancients, not &s;afe. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What way it becomes innocent? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Anointing mu&s;t pre&s;ently follow. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How many hours after eating Men may Bath? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Air mu&s;t be cooled to the utmo&s;t of ones skill. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Hectick coming from a &s;emiputrid &s;ub&s;tance of &s;ome of the inner parts. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one joyned with the French Pox. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SEeing in the beginning it is ea&s;ily cured, but &s;carcely known, therefore a Phy&s;ician &s;hould be very diligent in &s;earching out the &s;igns of one beginning. <HI>Sennertus</HI> lays this down as an in&s;epara|ble property, if an hour or two after Meal heat be increa&s;ed, and the Pul&s;e grow greater, and quicker, without cold or &s;haking, which are u&s;ual in Putrid fevers. The rea&s;on of the fir&s;t Symptome is this; The Heat of Hectick per&s;ons is fixt in the &s;olid parts, wherefore little is excluded by them in form of Vapour: Whatever it is, upon the acce&s;&s;i|on of moi&s;t meat, or &s;ubtile food, that is quickly di&s;tributed, it is increa&s;ed by Vapours: Hence a &s;mall Sweat is &s;trained out, and the Stomach is loaded with a certain compre&s;&s;ion, &s;o as food is a trouble to it; that is, the Heat increa&s;ing, till there be a perfect di&s;tribution of the Aliment. But becau&s;e it may &s;o be, that in a Putrid fever, when no cold goes before, &s;ome exacerbation and in|crea&s;e of heat may follow a Meal, le&s;t the Phy&s;ician &s;hould mi&s;take in his knowledge of a Hectick, let him change the hour of his Meal for three days, and if the heat increa&s;e alike, the opinion of the Phy&s;i|cian is confirmed.</P>
<P N="2">II. Con&s;uming fevers, yet without an Ulcer in the Lungs, may &s;ometimes be cured, before they come to extreme Leanne&s;s, and if there be no hard|ne&s;s of the Liver or Spleen. The Man in <HI>Oeniadis</HI> 5. <HI>Epid. n.</HI> 2. &s;eems to have been wa&s;ted and con|&s;umed by &s;uch a kind of Fever; as al&s;o that Wo|man, from whom <HI>Galen</HI> took in three days 2 pounds and an half of Bloud. And &s;ometimes we have cured &s;ome of the&s;e Fevers by Bleeding, but never by Purging. We recovered a Boy about twelve years old, of a Hectick fever, that had parched him for &s;everal months, and was begin|ning to have a Drop&s;ie by repeated Bleeding and Purging with <HI>Senna:</HI> His Bloud was mo&s;t corrupt, that is, very black underneath, not concrete; a|bove, very pale and tough, which &s;wam upon thrice as much <HI>Serum.</HI> No Man more happily e&s;caped a Con&s;umptive fever by Bleeding, than Mr. <HI>N.</HI> After a Burning fever of twenty days he fell into a Hec|tick, which had a nocturnal and putrid Fever, com|ing with a little Cold joined with it: The&s;e had &s;o con&s;umed the Man, that you might have gra&s;ped either of his Legs, near the Knee, with your hand. I took ten ounces of mo&s;t faeculent and very &s;e|rous Bloud from him: That very day his Putrid fever left him, the Hectick continuing, which did him le&s;s harm:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus,</HI> l. de Sangu. mi&s;&s;ione, c. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> After eight days the like quantity of Bloud was taken from him, out of the other Arm, which was very like the former: The Fe|ver declined by degrees, and in three days left him.</P>
<P N="3">III. Milk is pre&s;cribed by all Men, and de&s;erved|ly: for Food of ea&s;ie dige&s;tion is proper for Hec|tick per&s;ons, becau&s;e the innate heat is weak; and &s;uch as re&s;i&s;ts the febrile heat and drine&s;s, as Milk does. But if the&s;e qualifications be required in their Diet, Why are Crayfi&s;h al&s;o pre&s;cribed, which are accounted hard of Dige&s;tion? We mu&s;t take notice that a two-fold Diet mu&s;t be a&s;&s;igned to a Hectick, according to the difference of time; For in one that is beginning, a gro&s;&s;er Diet and longer of Concoction is requi&s;ite, though it be concocted with difficulty, becau&s;e at that time the native heat is &s;tronger, and better able to overcome gro&s;s nu|triment. If the Hectick be far gone, and therefore the innate Heat, Parent of all Coction, be very weak, things hard of Concoction mu&s;t be avoided, and tho&s;e things given, which are dige&s;ted without any trouble, and nouri&s;h well and quickly. Becau&s;e the Heat being fixt in the &s;olid parts, wa&s;tes much of the &s;ub&s;tance of the Body, which we mu&s;t &s;tudy to repair by thick and glutinous Aliment, but &s;uch as is al&s;o of a good Juice.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Sometimes the more ignorant &s;ort are de|ceived, who altogether forbid Milk, when Hectick per&s;ons of the fir&s;t or &s;econd degree are troubled with very &s;mall Ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> or with a &s;light Putrid fever: And in the mean time
<PB N="191" REF="101"> they do not &s;ee, that if Milk be not given, at lea&s;t in a &s;mall quantity, they ha&s;ten to the third de|gree, whence follows Death. We &s;ay with <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> 5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 64. that it is bad to give Milk to them that have Ob&s;tructions, or are in Putrid fe|vers; But that it is far wor&s;e to &s;uffer a Man cer|tainly to peri&s;h:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius, <HI>Med. l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> for we mu&s;t have greater regard to the Urgency than to the Cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 3. <HI>de vict. acut.</HI> 54. writes, <HI>That it is not proper for him to bathe who is full either of Meat or Drink,</HI> le&s;t crude matter be drawn out of the Belly into the Veins and Habit of the Body: Why therefore do the Phy&s;icians of our Age, if a &s;pent Patient have but drunk A&s;&s;es Milk, pre&s;ently &s;et him in a Bath? They will an&s;wer, To get it into the Habit of the Body: But we &s;ay, it will not be a&s;&s;imilated, when it is not concocted: Therefore that might better be done 4 hours after. And <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, We mu&s;t neither eat nor drink pre&s;ently after Bathing; for when a heat is rai&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius.</NOTE> the attractive virtue of the heat, takes away the opportunity of mitigating it. &para; Yet <HI>Galen,</HI> 14. <HI>Meth.</HI> 15.5. gives Milk to weakly per&s;ons after Bathing, and <HI>Trallianus</HI> gives Pti&s;an.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o &s;eems to confirm it, that Whey has its place in a Hectick fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> when 10. <HI>m.m. c.</HI> 11. he &s;ays, that A&s;&s;es Milk is proper above all other, be|cau&s;e it is &s;erous: Therefore Whey is mo&s;t proper. &para; Now I under&s;tand why Milk is due to Hecticks, and the more &s;erous, the more beneficial; and therefore <HI>Galen</HI> prefers A&s;&s;es Milk before any other, not becau&s;e it is colder, for upon that &s;core Water would be more convenient, but becau&s;e in Hec|ticks the &s;olid parts are con&s;umed, which Whey, as it were their nouri&s;hment re&s;tores. For it is not the &s;imple Vehicle of Aliment, as Antiquity dee|med, but it &s;elf does nouri&s;h; for if it be &s;et over a gentle fire, it grows thick, a mo&s;t certain &s;ign of Aliment. An Experiment of which matter being made an hundred times, I ever ob&s;erved that the very Whey was not onely thickned, but became glutinous and membraneous,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hieron. Bar|barus,</HI> l. de Sanguine &amp; Sero.</NOTE> and hence I pre&s;ently conjectured that the &s;permatick parts were nouri&s;h|ed with <HI>Serum,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It mu&s;t not be pa&s;&s;ed by, that 5 or 6 oun|ces of Broth of a &s;mall Chicken, when the Fat is taken off, may be beneficially given before Meal, that the &s;olid parts may be moi&s;tned: So Pla&s;terers &s;prinkle the Wall with water before they lay on the Lime, that it may &s;tick the fa&s;ter. In&s;tead of this, &s;ome order Water to be drunk, but it is unfit to moi&s;ten the &s;olid parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Galen, lib. de Marcore,</HI> and 10. <HI>Meth.</HI> great|ly commends Water in the fir&s;t &s;ort, wherein the Humour onely ferments, and is not as yet con&s;u|med, and while the Body, although it be hot and dry, yet abounds with Bloud, and is full of Juice: For by the u&s;e hereof, <HI>Galen</HI> writes, he pre&s;erved many from a <HI>Mara&s;mus</HI> and Con&s;umption: And here <HI>Alexander</HI>'s advice &s;hould be followed, who orders as much Cold water after Meal as the Patient will drink. But if a Hectick happen from a Putrid fever, Crudity of Humours, or Inflammation of the <HI>Praecor|dia,</HI> drinking of Water ought to be avoided, e&s;peci|ally if &s;trength be low, the Inflammation mode|rate, and Coction do not as yet appear: But in a very vehement and urgent Inflammation, as an Eri|&s;ipelaceous one, Cold water may be given, for the Inflammation will be extingui&s;hed, although the Di&s;ea&s;e be protracted a long time: But if a putrid one be joined with it, Coction mu&s;t be expected: But in a Hectick, which follows Burning fevers, or in a <HI>Mara&s;mus</HI> it &s;elf, we mu&s;t have a care of Cold water, le&s;t in a fle&s;hle&s;s and weak Body the innate heat be extingui&s;hed, over ha&s;ty Old Age brought on, which they call Age from a Di&s;ea&s;e, in which the innate heat is either none at all, or very little; therefore it requires not cooling but heating,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;ius,</HI> l. <HI>1.</HI> de Febr. c. ult.</NOTE> moi&s;t|ning and re&s;torative things.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In the u&s;e of Coolers we mu&s;t ob&s;erve this, that the more powerfull be not immediately and frequently u&s;ed; for they might extingui&s;h a weak heat; and it is better to cool gradually than all on a &s;udden. But Moi&s;tners are ever &s;afer than Coo|lers, becau&s;e they perform their operations &s;lowly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Among external Remedies, a Bath of Sweet water is the chief; for it powerfully cools and moi|&s;tens and relaxes the external parts, that they re|ceive the aliment more readily: The u&s;e of it cold was mo&s;t frequent among the Ancients, which is now grown ob&s;olete, and not very &s;afe; for there is fear that the Body might be hurt by the &s;udden meeting with Cold water: Therefore the readi|e&s;t and mo&s;t advi&s;ed way were, to &s;et the Patient in the Bath while the water is moderately hot, in which he ought to &s;tay till it grow cold of it &s;elf. Ob&s;erve, it is better to make them moi&s;tning by boiling emollient and cooling things in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as Barley, brui&s;ed Almonds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. That the Patient may the better inure him|&s;elf to the Bath, let him fir&s;t of all try the &s;team, being wrapt in a Sheet, and being held by four lu&s;ty Men over the Kettle, in &s;uch a po&s;ture, as he may ea&s;ily breathe, and the re&s;t of his Body, that is wrapt up, may be &s;en&s;ible of the &s;team, through the Sheet. When this has been repeated &s;everal times, and the Man, after he has re&s;ted a-while, &s;eems to have recovered his &s;trength, let him be put in the water, and tarry therein as long as his &s;trength will permit. Let the Servants take dili|gent care, that the Patient be tired with no &s;tir|ring of his Body, but let them treat him &s;o ten|derly, that he may be at no pains, while either he ri&s;es out of Bed, or goes into the Kettle (near his Bed) or when he goes out of it, as he lies him down again. Nor do I &s;ee any rea&s;on, e&s;peci|ally in this Age, why the Patient &s;hould be turned out of a warm Bath into a cold: Becau&s;e Cold wa|ter ill affects the Nerves, not &s;ufficiently fenced with fle&s;h, nor &s;hould it ever be pre&s;cribed to any, but fle&s;hy and young people, and in the mid&s;t of Summer (when it is good for this Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joubert<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ract. c.</HI> 1.</NOTE>) It were better to anoint the Body with Oil of Ro&s;es, or of Water-lilies.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Galen,</HI> 10. <HI>Meth.</HI> 11. propounds in the progre&s;s of a Hectick a warm Bath, as he does a warm one, and then a cold one, when a Man is very weak and his Body thin and emaciated: which latter way of Bathing is more eligible, as it is &s;afer, for the moi&s;ture is more ea&s;ily in&s;inuated in a hot Bath, and better kept, if cold water be pre&s;ently poured on. Then, after gentle wiping and drying with &s;oft cloths, we anoint with Oil of Almonds and Violets mixt together, anointing the whole Belly with <HI>&V;ng. ro&s;ac. Me&s;.</HI> Be&s;ides, after a warm Bath, the di&s;tribu|tion of the Aliment will be rendred much more ea&s;ie: and it will be made much more efficacious, if it be altered with Leaves of Mallow, Violets,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fort<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> Water-lily, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="13">XIII. The Bath, as a thing that greatly moi&s;tens the whole Body, helps al&s;o very much the di&s;tribu|tion of the Aliment, if it be done, when the Meat is dige&s;ted, as pre&s;ently after Meat it breeds Cru|dities, and after long fa&s;ting it weakens.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Where|fore the Patient may be led to the Bath 3 hours af|ter he has taken Milk. &para; After Bathing one may not &s;leep, but rather take &s;ome &s;u&s;tenance: <HI>Galen</HI> therefore 14. <HI>Meth.</HI> 5. gives them that are weak Milk after Bathing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Galen,</HI> 10. <HI>Method. cap.</HI> 8. in Summer time, when the Air is very hot, advi&s;es the Patient to live in &s;ome place under ground, which may be very cold, open to the Wind, and looking to|wards the North. With which Remedy alone I &s;aw a Hectick per&s;on, who was nothing but skin and bone recovered within a month. But when the Air is colde&s;t, <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es to admit it, as it is drawn by re&s;piration, which mo&s;t cools the heat of
<PB N="192" REF="102"> the Heart; although it doe no good at all as it tou|ches the Patient outwardly, le&s;t tran&s;piration be hindred: Yet we mu&s;t note, that if the Hectick come from an Ulcer of the Lungs, a cold Air is not convenient on account of the Ulcer, but a tempe|rate one in the active qualities,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. There is a &s;ort of Hectick that frequently occurs, which proceeds from a &s;poiled and &s;emipu|trid &s;ub&s;tance of the Lungs, Liver, or &s;ome other part; Some conflict with a &s;low Fever for 2 or 3 years, which is not known but by the Pul&s;e after eating: This, becau&s;e of the extenuation of the body, prevailing every day, and the diuturnity of the Fever, is reckoned a Hectick by &s;ome: But yet it is cured by a moi&s;tning and cooling Diet, by Purging twice or thrice a month with Syrup of Suc|cory, with Rheubarb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and things that take off the hot and dry intemperature impre&s;&s;ed on the Bowels. They that are thus affected are not trou|bled with a Hectick fever, but with a certain in|di&s;po&s;ition of the Liver, partaking of heat and dri|ne&s;s, implicated with ob&s;tructions of it and the Me|faraick Veins: Which ob&s;truction keeps up a &s;low Fever, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that when the ob&s;tructions are opened and the hot and dry intem|perature of the Liver altered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE> the Fever vani&s;hes in|&s;en&s;ibly.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. If it chance that the Pox be complicated with an Hectick fever, you mu&s;t pre&s;ently take care to keep down the Pox, that the Fever al&s;o, toge|ther with the other Symptoms of the Pox may be removed, before the Patient become truly con|&s;umptive. And although the Atrophy of the whole may hinder the fulfilling of the intentions, yet this infers a difficulty but not an impo&s;&s;ibility. And &s;ee|ing this Quality is occult, it requires Alexiphar|macks to extingui&s;h it, which yet are not &s;ufficient alone, but mu&s;t be manife&s;tly drying be&s;ides. Nor can it be taken away by &s;trong Purges, as &s;ome have fal&s;ly imagined, and much le&s;s, when the &s;o|lid parts are ill. Wherefore we mu&s;t fly to the Pith of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> as to a Sheet-anchor, and a &s;afe Alexipharmack: which though it be hot and dry in the &s;econd degree, yet it is fat and oily, if it be but odorous, fre&s;h and black: To which <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> al&s;o may be added, as a thing which heats little or nothing, and attenuates and melts not onely con|gealed humours, but the dry, by &s;oftning them: <HI>China</HI> al&s;o may be admitted, to which notwith&s;tan|ding we give little or no tru&s;t, becau&s;e it quickly lo&s;es its excellent virtue. And let not the excee|ding leanne&s;s of the whole deter us from the u&s;e of the&s;e things, when <HI>Cardan</HI> encourages us, who cured a pocky double Tertian, onely with the De|coction of <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> But <HI>Scholtzius</HI> more, who cured a pocky Con&s;umption with a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> as <HI>Solenander</HI> cured &s;uch another Hectick, which I have &s;een confirmed &s;everal times by my own experience. We mu&s;t think likewi&s;e of the way how to doe it; for, I think, Sweat is nece&s;&s;ary to attenuate, &s;often and carry off the putrid matter &s;ticking in the &s;olid parts: Therefore let a Decoc|tion fir&s;t be made, which may have a nutritive fa|culty: Take of choice <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> 1 ounce, Pith of <HI>Guai|acum,</HI> fre&s;h <HI>China,</HI> each 1 ounce; di&s;tilled Water of Sorrel, Borage, each 1 pound and an half. Mix them. Make an infu&s;ion for 24 hours. Then add half a young Chicken; let them boil gently cove|red, till half be con&s;umed. Let the Colature be kept for 2 times, to be taken an hour before Sweat; Then take the remainder, leaves of fre&s;h Endive, Borage, Sorrel, each 2 handfulls, pure Water 12 pounds, half a young Chicken. Boil a fourth part away. Then di&s;till them <HI>in Balneo Mariae:</HI> for their u&s;ual drink. When an hour after eating is over, let the Patient &s;it in a Kettle full of hot Water, al|tered with Mallows, Melilot and Mercury or Pelli|tory of the Wall, and covered with Linen above: So let the Sweat be provoked, that it may not of|fend his Leanne&s;s, and that the putrid matter, in|fected with the Pox, &s;ticking in the &s;olid parts, and thickned, may be &s;oftned and melted, that &s;o afterwards he may the better be carried to the Hot-hou&s;e, which he mu&s;t go into about 8 days after, yet he mu&s;t make but little &s;tay in it, and &s;weat rather in his bed, and when other 8 days are over, let him go into the Kettle, and let him pro&s;ecute it by turns for 40 days. This way of Sweating re&s;pects the Leanne&s;s of the body; and the infected matter to be carried off on a double account: Which, if it be thick, wants moi&s;tning, that it may be moved; and Phlegm it &s;elf, when it is thick, mu&s;t al&s;o be moi&s;tned, that it may be rendred more tractable for motion and evacuation, as <HI>Trallianus</HI> ob&s;erves, being &s;o taught by <HI>Galen,</HI> who therefore gives &s;tore of drink to them that breathe hard: But becau&s;e this putrid infection does per|fectly indicate ex&s;iccation,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> l. de Febribus, p. m. <HI>76.</HI></NOTE> therefore it is nece&s;&s;ary that the Patient &s;weat in a Stove by turns.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Hemitritaeus, Horrifica,</HI> or, An Half-tertian or Shaking Ague.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What the Preparation of the Humours &s;hould be? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we may help the Inflammation that accompanies it? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Wormwood is proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet is proper for a true one?</ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Herbs be convenient? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN Preparation of the Humours we mu&s;t pro|ceed in &s;uch order as that Bile may fir&s;t be prepared and le&s;&s;ened, and then Phlegm; yet alter|nately and by turns, that as much Bile as Phlegm, becau&s;e they are equally peccant, may be prepa|red and evacuated; But, which is the chief thing, Preparers of Bile and Phlegm mu&s;t not be mixt to|gether at one and the &s;ame time, as if the Humours were mixt, as is u&s;ually done in ba&s;tard Tertians, and as many mi&s;taken per&s;ons doe; for the&s;e are two different and contrary Humours, putrefying in two &s;everal places, which we cannot with one and the &s;ame Medicine, compounded of Heaters and Coolers, correct both at once. &para; <HI>Julepium A|ceto&s;um</HI> is very proper, as it re&s;pects both Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> l. de Febri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">, p. m. <HI>27.</HI></NOTE> it being a thing that turns Choler into Phlegm, and it into Choler.</P>
<P N="2">II. The common Symptoms are Inflammations, inward or outward, which we mu&s;t help, neglec|ting all other things. And if this be internal, re|vellents, repellents and alteratives are proper; and therefore Bleeding, application of Sub&s;typticks, and inward Coolers will be nece&s;&s;ary. But if they be external, through the tran&s;lation of the humours, or a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> naturally procured by their &s;ettling; Or, if the matter by rea&s;on of long &s;ickne&s;s be attrac|ted to &s;ome part, it mu&s;t be diligently ob&s;erved by the Phy&s;ician, that he ab&s;tain from all Diver&s;ion procured by Bleeding, and Medicines, e&s;pecially Purges: but they mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t on &s;light Preparatives, Alteratives and Cly&s;ters. In the mean time the care of the part recipient lies upon the Chirurgeon, hat the Inflammation turn not to a Gangrene, the innate Heat in the whole and part being weakned by a tedious Fever.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Wormwood mu&s;t not be given before Cocti|on, becau&s;e it cau&s;es loathing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rudiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>l</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 33.</NOTE> the Humours be|ing moved in the Stomach.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A true <HI>Hemitritaeus,</HI> to wit, a Continual Quo|tidian, and a Tertian between whiles, requires a more &s;ubtile Diet than is proper for interpolated Fevers, but a gro&s;&s;er one than what is convenient for continual Fevers from one &s;imple Humour, be|cau&s;e
<PB N="193" REF="102"> it is longer than any one of them. And &s;ince Nature has a di&s;pute with two Humours contrary both in quality and &s;ub&s;tance, &s;he &s;tands in need of &s;trength and time to conquer them both: there|fore upon both accounts, namely, that &s;he may con|tinue a long time, and that &s;he may have &s;trength again&s;t both her enemies, &s;he has need of more am|ple Alimony. We mu&s;t mix therefore either &s;uch things as may repre&s;s the Qualities of the peccant Humour, together with the Meat, and of contra|ry Qualities, or we mu&s;t u&s;e temperate Meats: One may not admini&s;ter &s;uch things as re&s;pect onely one of the&s;e things; for the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be carefull of both Fevers. I call that meat temperate which &s;uffers onely from the natural heat: You may ap|prehend that this is not fit for them that are &s;ick of a <HI>Hemitritaeus;</HI> becau&s;e the Bloud mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity have a bad quality, which is bred of it in Fevers: for in the Tertian the part effective of the bloud is out of its natural temper, that is, hot and dry, be|cau&s;e of the heat and &s;harpne&s;s of the putrefying Bile: Wherefore temperate meat, by rea&s;on it &s;uf|fers onely from the natural heat, and cannot by con|trary qualities correct the intemperature of the part, will be affected with them, wherefore the Bloud which will be bred of it, will grow hot and dry according to the intemperature of the part, which will in a moment immediately be turn'd in|to Bile. The like judgment may be given in a Fe|ver which has its ri&s;e from Phlegm, that makes the Body preternaturally moi&s;t; wherefore things mu&s;t be mixt with the meat which are of contrary quali|ties, or that mu&s;t be taken, in which both qualities are found, which I rather approve; but if more|over it be inci&s;ive, it &s;hould be cho&s;en before the re&s;t. Vinegar is one of tho&s;e &s;imple Medicines, which is remarkable for the fore&s;aid qualities: For it is good for both the Humours; moreover it is en|dued with &s;ubtile parts, whereby it cuts, but if you mix this with any thing that is ab&s;ter&s;ive, you have that which we require. Sugar is one of tho&s;e things which is moderately ab&s;ter&s;ive, and is conve|nient for People in Fevers. Wherefore you may reckon that a mixture of Sugar and &s;trong Vinegar, which Phy&s;icians have named <HI>Syrupus Aceto&s;us,</HI> is very convenient for a <HI>Hemitritaeus,</HI> which you may u&s;e in this manner; Take of Time, Par&s;ley, French-bar|ley, each 1 handfull; &s;toned Rai&s;ins 1 handfull, the Bark of one &s;harp Radi&s;h, a little Salt: Boil them well with a fle&s;hy Hen: Take 1 pound of this De|coction, as much &s;harp <HI>Syrupus Aceto&s;us</HI> as will make it palatable; let them boil till they are mixt; give him to drink when be ought. Make Broth of the re&s;t. U&s;e this before a violent fit, and in its decli|nation; but on the more moderate day u&s;e the &s;ame,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus,</HI> de Victu Febr. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>24.</HI></NOTE> and give the Patient the extremities of the Hen.</P>
<P N="4">IV. One of the <HI>Arabians</HI> in a <HI>Hemitritaeus</HI> feeds the Patient with Gourds, Spinage, Orache and the like: But he is mi&s;taken, as I think, upon a double ac|count, Of the very Nature of the body, and Of the Meat it &s;elf. Cold Meats mu&s;t not be given at the hour when Nature is intent upon &s;eparation, le&s;t they oppo&s;e Nature and repell the periodick ex|pul&s;ion the contrary way, which is made from with|in outwards, and &s;top the Pores, by rea&s;on where|of the fit will be made longer, as is manife&s;t to them that diligently con&s;ider the nature of Meats, and &s;earch what they are able to doe at all hours. Hereto you may add, the Meats which are made of Herbs are obnoxious to corruption, becau&s;e they breed a watry Bloud, which &s;oone&s;t conceives an extraneous heat. It is therefore the wi&s;e&s;t way not to give Meats of this nature, when the corrupting cau&s;e is &s;trong.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris lenta,</HI> or, A Slow Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>It ari&s;es from an evil di&s;po&s;ition of the Bloud.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>THAT is reckoned among Symptomatick fevers, which is vulgarly called Slow: They that are &s;ick of it, are hotter than they &s;hould be, e&s;peci|ally after eating, any motion or exerci&s;e; The Urine, for the mo&s;t part is red, the Spirits are low, and Strength decays; they are indifferent well as to their Stomach and Sleeping, they neither cough nor &s;pit much; but they wa&s;te every day, like con&s;umptive People, and without any mani|fe&s;t cau&s;e. The Blame is generally a&s;cribed to ob|&s;truction of &s;ome of the Inwards, through who&s;e fault, the Aliment is neither concocted nor di&s;pen|&s;ed aright. But it &s;eems to me that &s;uch an affecti|on is founded immediately in an evil di&s;po&s;ition of the Bloud, whereby it inclines to an over &s;alt and &s;harp temper, and therefore is rendred le&s;s fit for nutrition and equal circulation: for the Bloud in the Heart, ju&s;t like Oil in a Lamp, if it abound o|ver much with &s;aline particles, burns not plea&s;ant|ly and quietly, but with crackling and great evapo|ration of parts, whereby it is &s;ooner &s;pent, and yields but a languid and weak light. Formerly I opened one who died of this Di&s;ea&s;e, in whom the Bowels de&s;igned for coction were well enough; but the Lungs were &s;aple&s;s and dry, and were be&s;et all over with a kind of fabulous matter like Chalk: And ofttimes in this Di&s;ea&s;e the Me&s;enterick Glands are full of &s;uch chalky matter. But whether the &s;alt bloud fir&s;t cau&s;ed &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es of the Bow|els, or the Di&s;cra&s;ie of the Bowels fir&s;t infected the Bloud, is uncertain:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de Febr. c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> It is probable that one of them depends on the other, and the cau&s;es of either Di&s;|ea&s;e are reciprocal.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Leipyria,</HI> or, A Fever wherein the inward Parts are violently Hot, and the outer Cold.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Cure by applying cold things is methodical. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Leipyria</HI> of the <HI>Arabians</HI> mu&s;t be cured one way, that of the <HI>Greeks</HI> another. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether cold things may be given to one coming from a Ma|lignant humour? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Broth may be given? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cordial Epithems are hurtfull. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet in the <HI>Leipyria</HI> of the <HI>Arabians. VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE Cure of this Fever propo&s;ed by <HI>Hippo|crates, l. de affect. v.</HI> 107. (it is proper for this, &s;aith he, to apply cooling things outwardly both to the Belly and to the Body, to prevent Sha|king) at the fir&s;t blu&s;h &s;eems fooli&s;h enough, as it orders Coolers, that is, Medicines actually and potentially cold to be outwardly applyed, becau&s;e they &s;eem highly prejudicial to the hot Internals and cold Externals: for being applied outwardly they drive the Heat inwards, whereby the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;es. But this Remedy does not want its rea|&s;on: for whenever a bilious humour, burning in the Internals, cau&s;es a refrigeration of the extreme parts, and not the penury of the innate heat, cold things applied outwardly can doe no harm; yea, if they be often applied, the cooling virtue being communicated from one part after another to the internal parts, they may extingui&s;h the internal heat of the Bile. Nor need the retraction of the heat be feared, becau&s;e much Cold applied all at
<PB N="194" REF="103"> once cau&s;es it, not what is applied by little and lit|tle, and endued with no inten&s;e Cold, &s;uch as he &s;uppo&s;es mu&s;t be u&s;ed in this ca&s;e, while he orders Shaking to be prevented. I can confirm the Autho|rity of my Ma&s;ter by experience: For I have ob|&s;erved People &s;o affected, that the more we en|deavour to reduce them to their natural &s;tate by hot things, the more violently they were cooled. Above all others I ob&s;erved it in <HI>N.</HI> who being in a burning Fever, and very cold in his external parts, after they that were by had tried for a whole day to heat him with Flannel and warm Skins applied all over his Body; yet in the evening we found him colder than ever. The rea&s;on is, Becau&s;e if &s;uch re|frigeration proceed from the penury of the radical moi&s;ture and &s;pirits, if, while we &s;trive to draw the moi&s;ture and heat to the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> by heating things, we di&s;&s;ipate and draw it out, what won|der, if the Body be thereby more cooled? And if for this rea&s;on hot things doe hurt, for the &s;ame rea&s;on, what things &s;oever can di&s;&s;ipate more than hot things, mu&s;t be &s;o much the more &s;u&s;pected; for example,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;p. Mar|tianus.</NOTE> Frictions and Cuppings, which are in frequent u&s;e for the Cure of the&s;e Fevers.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Avicen</HI> reckons a <HI>Leipyria</HI> among Phlegmatick Di&s;tempers, a&s;cribing the ri&s;e of it to vitreous Phlegm, while gro&s;s Vapours are elevated from it when it putrefies, which cannot be carried to the external parts, and make them hot: Or, becau&s;e there are cold humours in the external parts, which cannot be made hot by the heat of the Phlegm pu|trefying within. In the Cure of it he u&s;es <HI>Syrupus Aceto&s;us,</HI> Oxymel, both &s;imple and diuretick, to cut and prepare the gro&s;s and cold humour: He pur|ges with Aloes, <HI>Hiera</HI> and Rheubarb; and &s;o in &s;hort he lays down the Cure of an <HI>Epiala.</HI> By <HI>Galen</HI> it is reckoned among Burning &s;evers, and the&s;e malig|nant, and he &s;ays they are cau&s;ed by an Inflamma|tion or <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> of &s;ome of the internal parts. <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> al&s;o reckons them among Burning fevers: But every Burning fever has not this Symptome, onely &s;uch as is malignant and pe&s;tilential. <HI>Galen</HI> re|ferred it ami&s;s to a <HI>Phlegmon</HI> or <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> of the Bow|els, for I have &s;een &s;everal Malignant fevers where|in the out parts were &s;carce warm, and the inner were burning hot; yet, there were no &s;igns and &s;ymptoms of the Bowels being inflamed. Therefore in my judgment there is a twofold cau&s;e of this Symptome; the fir&s;t is, &s;eeing the Nature of this Fever con&s;i&s;ts in a malignant poi&s;onous quality and putrefaction, and that it is the property of all Poi&s;on to lay in wait for the Heart, becau&s;e Na|ture, that &s;he may defend a noble part and a&s;&s;i&s;t it, &s;ends bloud and &s;pirits from every place to the Heart and noble Parts, whence by accident &s;uch refrigeration follows: The &s;econd cau&s;e is, becau&s;e this Fever is cau&s;ed by humours very much putre|fied, lodged about the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> &s;uch as eruginous Bile, very much putrefied, the meeting of which when Nature cannot bar, &s;he endeavours to eva|cuate them by Vomit and Stool, and therefore &s;trives to doe it with all her force, and thereupon a concour&s;e of all the Humours inwards follows. Hereto, I think, may be added the peculiar pro|perty of the malignant humours, to incline rather inwards than outwards. Here we mu&s;t fir&s;t give a Cly&s;ter, then bleed, and then u&s;e Coolers and Cordials, as Juice of Lemons, Citron, Pomegra|nate: Catapla&s;ms of Barley-meal mixt with Juice of Hou&s;leek and the like Coolers, mu&s;t be applied to the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> and often changed. Finally, the &s;ame Cure is owing to this Fever, as to a burning malignant, tho&s;e things being added who&s;e proper|ty it is to re&s;i&s;t Malignity. And we mu&s;t remember from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de Morb. &amp; l. de Affect.</HI> that we u&s;e onely Broths, till the Fever is over; for Drink we mu&s;t give &s;mall Mede; we mu&s;t purge onely by Cly&s;ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;ius,</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI> de Feb. c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> not by any other Catharticks, before the Fever is gone.</P>
<P N="3">III. Alteratives are very requi&s;ite in this Fever, &s;o that <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> have affirmed that drinking of Cold water is proper; yet not in the beginning, but in the &s;tate, that is, when &s;igns of Coction ap|pear. And although <HI>Aetius</HI> gave Cold water to a cer|tain Woman, without tarrying for Coction; yet it was an improper <HI>Leipyria,</HI> cau&s;ed by an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in the Stomach, who&s;e proper Remedy is drinking of Cold water, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 9. <HI>Meth.</HI> 5. teaches. But I in this ca&s;e more willingly chu&s;e &s;ome Alterative, which may not by its quantity oppre&s;s the innate Heat, but has a cooling and moi&s;tning virtue; &s;uch as are di&s;tilled Waters of Juice of Sorrel, Cichory, yea, and Water melon, which may be given to a pound and a half, adding 3 or 4 ounces of Scorzo|nera-water:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> l. de Febr.</NOTE> Which Potion may be given 5 or 6 hours after the beginning of the Fever.</P>
<P N="4">IV. But that Heat may more ea&s;ily come to the external parts, or at lea&s;t that the Bowels may not be &s;o grievou&s;ly &s;uffocated and afflicted thereby, it will not be ami&s;s 3 hours after the beginning of the Fit, to give, not indeed Broth altered with Citron-&s;eed, as it u&s;es erroneou&s;ly to be done, for nothing then mu&s;t be offered which has the nature of Ali|ment; but 3 or 4 ounces of Cordial-water of <HI>totius Citri, Scorzonerae,</HI> and <HI>Saxoniae,</HI> may by and by be gi|ven, as was &s;aid, after &s;ome altering Potion, and then the Broth 2 or 3 hours after that; namely, of &s;omething altered with Cichory, Borage, Endive, Cinquefoil and Tormentil, adding Syrup <HI>de acido Ci|tri,</HI> of Juice of Lemons, and a convenient portion of &s;ome altering Broth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. It is an Errour in Phy&s;icians, who, when in Continual fevers the out parts are either cold or but warm, do pre&s;ently flye to Cordials without di&s;tinction, applying Epithemes to the Heart, and giving other things which may produce much &s;piri|tuous &s;ub&s;tance, by &s;trengthning the action of the Heart. Which indeed in the refrigeration of the extreme parts, by rea&s;on of the internal heat cal|ling the Bloud and Spirits to the inner parts, are &s;o far from doing any good, that they doe a great deal of hurt: For, if we con&s;ider the Applications, they offend in two things; fir&s;t, becau&s;e they u&s;e things actually and potentially hot, whereas they &s;hould be actually and potentially cold: Secondly, becau&s;e by their means the &s;pirits are increa&s;ed in the in|ner parts, which &s;hould be dimini&s;hed: For while the vital &s;pirits, that are diffu&s;ed all the Body o|ver, are by the virtue of the heat conveyed in|wards, they &s;o abound there, that there is immi|nent danger of the &s;uffocation of the heat: And this abundance of &s;pirits is made manife&s;t by great and quick Pul&s;es, which, when the &s;pirits are defi|cient, appear &s;mall, rare and intermittent. Where|fore to endeavour the generation of &s;pirits in the&s;e, is nothing el&s;e, but to bring an imminent danger of &s;uffocating the vital &s;pirits in the Heart, to a certain extinction of the innate heat. Wherefore we mu&s;t then onely endeavour the generation of vital &s;pirits by the fore&s;aid Medicines, when the &s;pirits fail, which we may know by the Pul&s;e. There|fore the &s;aid Cordial Medicines mu&s;t onely be u&s;ed in that refrigeration, which derives its original from immoderate di&s;&s;ipation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Proper Mar|tianus.</NOTE> and corruption of the &s;pirits.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Seeing this Fever (the <HI>Leipyria</HI> of the <HI>Arabians</HI>) comes from one &s;imple humour, as from a very gro&s;s Phlegm, which putrefying cannot warm the ex|treme parts, either upon the occa&s;ion of its thick|ne&s;s, or &s;mall putrefaction, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Phlegmatick fevers, or Melancholick or Chole|rick, for the choice of a Diet: for it is the opinion of Learned Men, that it may have its original from each of the&s;e humours afore&s;aid. Wherefore the <HI>Arabian</HI> &s;aid well, You ought not (&s;ays he) to look to the Fits; for it may &s;o be, that it may be a Quotidian, Tertian, or Quartan,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus,</HI> de Victu Febr.</NOTE> or may have its period on the fifth or &s;eventh day.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="195" REF="103">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Maligna,</HI> or, A Malignant Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Wherein the Malignity of an Epidemical one con&s;i&s;ts? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies mu&s;t be varied according to the variety of the Cau|&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Condition of the Matter varies the Cure. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Letting of Bloud be convenient? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be breathed when Spots appear? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud mu&s;t be let immediately, becau&s;e of the deceitfulne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is more beneficial to open the lower than the higher Veins. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of evacuation by the Haemorrhoids. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cupping-gla&s;&s;es may be &s;ometimes u&s;ed without opening a Vein. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes they are hurtfull. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where they &s;hould be applied. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One &s;ick of a Malignant Fever cured by &s;etting Leeches to the Paps. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For a <HI>Delirium</HI> and Phrenzy a Vein in the Forehead mu&s;t be opened. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The utility of Ve&s;icatories. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not every where nor always proper. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge in the beginning? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t have no Purgatives in them. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are better than Purges. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are very good where there is Sleepine&s;s. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Sudorificks and Alexipharmacks. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Difference of Alexipharmacks as to their u&s;e. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of Pearl, Gemms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;hould be pre&s;cribed. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diaphoreticks need not be feared becau&s;e of their heat. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The faultring Circulation of the bloud mu&s;t be promoted with Medicines that have a Volatile Salt in them. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hydroticks, Salts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by what power they operate? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How far we may tru&s;t Antifebrile Medicines? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alexitericks are required, when the Bloud comes out red, and de&s;titute of <HI>Serum,</HI> which is a token of malignity. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By, what virtue <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> acts? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e <HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> with caution. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Epithems hurtfull. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Heating of the Feet is &s;ometimes good. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Pla&s;ters to the Feet. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine may &s;ometimes be allowed. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Malignant Fever with the <HI>Parotides,</HI> or Swel|ling behind the Ears. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Vomiting when it &s;upervenes. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t have a care how he feels the Pul&s;e. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Think all that Malignity, which is found in epidemick Di&s;ea&s;es (what &s;uch &s;oever the &s;pecifick Nature of it is) does con&s;i&s;t of, and is terminated in the hotte&s;t and mo&s;t &s;pirituous Parti|cles of the Humours contained in Man's body that are more or le&s;s adver&s;e to Nature; becau&s;e onely &s;uch a &s;ort of Particles are able to alter the Hu|mours &s;o &s;uddenly as we &s;ee in Malignant Di&s;ea&s;es. And, I think, tho&s;e hot and &s;pirituous Particles do act mo&s;t by a&s;&s;imilating, &s;eeing by the Law of Na|ture every active Principle makes it its bu&s;ine&s;s to procreate its like, and to bend and accommodate what things &s;oever re&s;i&s;t it, to its proper di&s;po&s;iti|on: So Fire generates Fire, and one infected with a Malignant Di&s;ea&s;e infects his fellow, to wit, by emi&s;&s;ion of Spirits, which a&s;&s;imilate to them&s;elves the Humours, that are pre&s;ently infected, and lead and draw them to their own nature.</P>
<P>The&s;e things being premi&s;ed, it certainly follows, that nothing can be better, than to ca&s;t out the &s;aid Particles by Sweat; for by this means the Di&s;ea&s;e may forthwith be utterly extirpated: But here Ex|perience gain&s;ays, and teaches that this cannot be done in every &s;ort of Malignity. For although in the Plague it &s;elf the pe&s;tilential particles, both becau&s;e they are very &s;ubtile, and al&s;o becau&s;e they re&s;ide in the mo&s;t &s;pirituous part of the bloud, are di&s;&s;i|pable, and may be ca&s;t out by rai&s;ing an uninterrup|ted Sweat; yet in other Fevers, where the a&s;&s;imi|lating particles are not exalted to that Subtilty, and al&s;o are incorporated with the gro&s;&s;er humours, the malignant matter is not onely incapable of being thrown off by Sweat, but is often increa&s;ed by Di|aphoreticks wherewith Sweat is rai&s;ed. For by how much more the&s;e hot and &s;pirituous particles are actuated by the u&s;e of heating things, by &s;o much the more is that a&s;&s;imilating faculty, which they have, encrea&s;ed; and by how much the more the&s;e Humours are heated upon which they act, &s;o much the more willingly they turn to the A&s;&s;imi|lants &s;ide, giving way to their impre&s;&s;ions. When, on the contrary, Rea&s;on &s;eems to dictate, that tho&s;e Medicines which are of a contrary nature do not onely &s;tay the violence of the hot and &s;harp Particles, but al&s;o conden&s;e and fortifie the Hu|mours, that they may be the better able to &s;u&s;tain the a&s;&s;ault of the morbifick Spirits, but al&s;o break it. And here I mu&s;t appeal to Experience, by which I am taught, that the Purples in Fevers and the black Pu&s;tules in the Small-pox increa&s;e the more, the hotter the Patient is kept; but that they u&s;ual|ly decrea&s;e and grow le&s;s, upon a more moderate Regiment, which is altogether proper for them.</P>
<P>Now if any one ask me how it comes to pa&s;s, &s;ee|ing the Malignity con&s;i&s;ts in &s;uch hot and &s;piritu|ous particles, that frequently &s;o &s;mall &s;igns of a Fever appear, even in the mo&s;t malignant Di&s;ea&s;es? I &s;hould an&s;wer the Enquirer, Fir&s;t, that in the principal and mo&s;t remarkable in&s;tance of Maligni|ty, it is abundantly manife&s;t, that the morbid par|ticles are above mea&s;ure &s;o &s;ubtile and aculeated (e&s;pecially when it begins fir&s;t to invade) that they get into the bloud like an Air, and bla&s;ting as it were its Spirits, they do not &s;o much as rai&s;e it to an Ebullition, whereupon the Patient dies without a Fever.</P>
<P>But in that le&s;s degree of Malignity, which is found in other epidemick Di&s;ea&s;es, the febrile Sym|ptoms are rendred thus little con&s;picuous, &s;ometimes from a confu&s;ion rai&s;ed in the Bloud and Humours by &s;ome inimicous Particles contained in their ma&s;s; whereupon Nature, being as it were oppre&s;&s;ed, is unable to exert tho&s;e more regular Symptoms, that are proper for the Di&s;ea&s;e, but they are all of them in a manner anomalous <HI>Phaenomena</HI> by rea&s;on of the Oeconomy's being utterly overthrown and ru|in'd; in which ca&s;e the Fever often is low, which, the genuine duct of Nature obtaining, would be very high. Sometimes al&s;o fewer &s;igns of a Fever &s;hew them&s;elves than is natural for the Di&s;ea&s;e to do, through a tran&s;lation of the morbid matter either to the nervous kind, or to &s;ome other parts of the Body, or to &s;ome humours without the liber|ties of the Bloud, while the matter that cau&s;ed the Di&s;ea&s;e was yet turgid.</P>
<P>But whatever it be, I cannot &s;o much as gue&s;s what other method of Cure can be u&s;ed for any Malignity, be&s;ide that which is proper for the E|pidemick Di&s;ea&s;e, in which it is inherent. So that whether the Epidemick Di&s;ea&s;e be of the number of tho&s;e which require fir&s;t a concoction of the fe|brile matter, then a ca&s;ting of the &s;ame off by Sweat when it is rightly di&s;po&s;ed; or of them that &s;eek a way for them&s;elves by &s;ome Eruption; or of them that require a way to be opened for them by Art; in each of the&s;e kinds I &s;ay, Maligni|ty, the Companion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, will &s;tand or fall with the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, enjoying the &s;ame for|tune, and departing in the &s;ame pace; and by con&s;equence, whatever evacuation is proper for the Fever in general, the &s;ame is due to the Malignity; how contrary &s;oever the&s;e evacuations be one to another. Therefore for that Malignity which ac|companies autumnal Agues, as al&s;o a continual Fe|ver,
<PB N="196" REF="104"> which is of the &s;ame nature, Sweating will be a Cure, which follows Concoction as its effect. A &s;ea&s;onable ripening the little abce&s;&s;es will help the Malignity of the &s;mall Pox, and &s;o of the re&s;t, in all which that peculiar &s;ort of Malignity is be&s;t conquered by tho&s;e methods and means e&s;pecially, to which the peculiar Di&s;ea&s;es whereto it belongs, do mo&s;t ea&s;ily give way, whether you proceed in this or that method. Rea&s;on tells me this, unle&s;s I am mi&s;taken: and Experience al&s;o &s;trongly confirms it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. There are &s;everal Differences of Malignant fevers: And we cannot determine from what cau&s;e they come unle&s;s we di&s;tingui&s;h the Differences, and then inquire into their Remedies &s;everally: Farewell therefore tho&s;e Phy&s;icians, who endea|vour to bring one cau&s;e for all the&s;e Fevers, when there are as many cau&s;es of Malignity as there are differences. Therefore the Phy&s;ician, that he may find a Remedy, ought fir&s;t to find out the &s;pecifick Cau&s;es, and from them a &s;pecifick Remedy. I find 8 Opinions, and mine is the ninth. 1. Of <HI>Montanus,</HI> who thinks the Malignity of fevers proceeds from putrefied humours in the Heart. 2. Of <HI>Fernelius, Saxonia,</HI> &amp;c. who a&s;cribe them to a poi&s;onous qua|lity. 3. Of <HI>Capivaccius,</HI> who thinks they may pro|ceed from alimentary humours putrefied in the Heart. 4. Of <HI>Fraca&s;torius,</HI> who derives it from a &s;ordid and profound Putrefaction. 5. Of <HI>Augenius,</HI> who thinks it proceeds from Putrefaction with Cor|ruption. 6. Of <HI>Eu&s;tachius Rudius,</HI> who &s;ays, it ari|&s;es from violent Putrefaction, little differing from poi&s;on. 7. Of <HI>Joubertus,</HI> who believes that in them and Pe&s;tilential fevers the Bloud putrefies, in other Putrid fevers it is onely kindled and inflamed. 8. Of them that think it is cau&s;ed by &s;ome inward Gangrene. 9. Our own, that it may come from a|ny of the&s;e Cau&s;es. The fir&s;t Opinion may be de|fended from <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, 1. <HI>diff. feb.</HI> 4. who holds that Pe&s;tilential and Malignant fevers come from humours putrefied in the Heart, or from putrid &s;teams without the Heart, but affecting the Heart. The &s;econd Opinion is confirmed from <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>in</HI> 3. <HI>Epidem. in his fourth Hi&s;tory of a Patient,</HI> who pre&s;ently died frantick, as if he had taken a deletery Medi|cine: Be&s;ides, &s;eeing there is a Pe&s;tilence without a Fever, Malignity is not always cau&s;ed by Putre|faction, for by how much greater the Putrefacti|on is, &s;o much higher is the Fever. The third may be defended, becau&s;e in a Malignant fever the Strength pre&s;ently decays, which &s;ignifies that the Aliment changes its form, which change is u|&s;ually made by Putrefaction. The fourth, fifth and &s;ixth opinion, may be defended with <HI>Galen</HI> in many places, e&s;pecially 3. <HI>in</HI> 3. <HI>Epid.</HI> and 1. <HI>de diff. febr. cap.</HI> 5. where he &s;ays that Malignant fevers are cau|&s;ed by Putrefaction. The &s;eventh Opinion may be defended, becau&s;e when the Bloud is putrefied, the &s;trength &s;uddenly decays; where the decay of &s;trength is a Character of a Malignant fever. The eighth is proved, becau&s;e &s;everal times upon ope|ning Bodies that died of a Malignant fever, I have found a &s;mall, very black Gangrene in the Liver. In this Ca&s;e the&s;e 3 &s;igns, propounded by <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>de prae&s;ag. ex pul&s;ibus,</HI> are ob&s;erved, 1. The &s;imilitude of the Pul&s;e to a natural one. 2. Urine like that of men in health. 3. Want of a Fever, in the Judg|ment of the Patient,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius,</HI> de rem. i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">v.</NOTE> but &s;ome grievous Symptome attending.</P>
<P N="3">III. Although a Malignant fever with <HI>Exanthemata</HI> come of thick Bloud, Malignity putrefying; yet it is not &s;o always, but, like mo&s;t other Di&s;ea&s;es, takes its difference from the matter, which is &s;ome|times pituitous, &s;ometimes bilious, and &s;ometimes atrabilarious, according to which the cure varies. And &s;ometimes there is a redundance not &s;o much of gro&s;s, as &s;harp humours, which Burning and Watching do indicate (for they who have Phlegm mixt withall, are oppre&s;&s;ed by a <HI>Coma.</HI>) In &s;uch ca&s;es it is the wor&s;t thing that can be to u&s;e Treacle, or Decoction of hot Herbs, how Alexipharmack &s;o|ever they be, as of Dittany, Scabious, <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> which yet are very u&s;efully pre&s;cribed to Patients &s;ick of the like Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Bleeding is very convenient upon the account of the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, hot intemperature and putrefaction: But there is need of great pru|dence in mea&s;uring the Quantity, &s;eeing upon the account of the Malignity it rather does harm, for the vital faculty is much prejudiced by it, and they who upon taking Poi&s;on do bleed, u&s;ually dye. Therefore if the poi&s;onous quality prevail over corruption, Bloud mu&s;t be taken away in le&s;s quan|tity, if Putrefaction prevail, in a larger: And &s;o e&s;pecially, if it ari&s;e from a morbid <HI>apparatus</HI> and putrid humours gathered within the Veins: and that chiefly, if there &s;eem to be or to be imminent an Inflammation of &s;ome of the Inwards, which of|ten happens. But Bloud mu&s;t be let betimes: For if the Di&s;ea&s;e have made any progre&s;s, and the Ma|lignity be diffu&s;ed into the whole ma&s;s of Bloud, it does not onely doe no good; but al&s;o greatly wea|kens Nature; &s;o that mo&s;t Authours think Bloud mu&s;t not be let, when the fourth day is pa&s;t: Yea and &s;eeing at different times they are of a different nature, ari&s;ing from a different degree of Maligni|ty, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve diligently what emolument Patients receive from Bleeding: For &s;ome &s;ort of Continents, wherein the Putrefaction is more in|ten&s;e, and the Malignity more remi&s;s, do abate much by Bleeding: But others, who&s;e Nature con|&s;i&s;ts in Malignity onely in a manner, are made more pernicious by breathing a Vein. Concerning the time and intervalls for repeating Bloudletting, ob|&s;erve that, if the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed &s;lowly, Bleeding mu&s;t not be accelerated; for the &s;trength is &s;pent before its time, and will not be able to hold out the whole Di&s;ea&s;e. Therefore as the Di&s;ea&s;e moves &s;o Bleeding mu&s;t be celebrated &s;ooner or later.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. It is determined by the wi&s;e Judgment of Doctors, that when Purple-&s;pots appear, in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and at tho&s;e days when Bleeding u&s;es to be celebrated, if a &s;ufficient quan|tity of Bloud have not been taken away before, even at that time Bloud may be taken away in a moderate quantity, without any imminent danger: Seeing that Eruption, which is in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, is not Critical but Symptomatick, ari|&s;ing from the exceeding Ebullition of the Bloud and the ferment of malignant and putrefying humours: And therefore Nature's motion, which at that time is not, cannot be hindred: For if, when the Bo|dy is plethorick, and &s;ends out a thick and red U|rine, you do not let bloud on the &s;core of Spots appearing, Nature will &s;carce be able to conquer &s;o great a quantity of Humours, and there will be danger le&s;t they fall upon &s;ome inner part, and breed in it a pernicious Inflammation; yet, at that time Bloud mu&s;t be taken away with greater cau|tion and in le&s;s quantity, not that the Veins may be very much emptied, whereupon a retraction of the Humours from without inwards might &s;ucceed, but onely that their too great fullne&s;s might be re|moved, which being taken away, the Veins do not attract new Bloud, but they fall flat and grow a little &s;trait, that they may be the better able to contain and rule the Bloud that is left in them, and &s;o the motion and expul&s;ion of Nature to the <HI>&s;uper|ficies</HI> of the Body is helped: For Nature being ea&s;ed of part of her burthen wherewith &s;he was oppre&s;t, expells the re&s;t more ea&s;ily. Which is well known to us in our practice, whil&s;t often on the &s;ame day we open a Vein in acute Fevers, yea &s;ometimes within a few hours after Bleeding, we ob&s;erve plentifull Sweats, and tho&s;e critical and whole&s;ome, to break out; Yea and although Na|ture were &s;trong enough to rule all the redundant Bloud, &s;eeing in Plethorick Bodies the Bloud is
<PB N="197" REF="104"> u&s;ually thick, and by &s;uch efflore&s;cencies onely the thinne&s;t portion of the Bloud exhales, the thicker Bloud remaining would onely putrefie more and more, and would render the Di&s;ea&s;e far more dan|gerous. Yet I think it mo&s;t advi&s;able a little after Bleeding, to apply &s;everal Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, to help the motion of the Bloud outwards. In &s;hort, if this happen in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and before the fourth day, at which time there can be no cri|tical Eruption, if no relief follow upon it, but all Symptoms rather grow wor&s;e, bleeding &s;hould in no wi&s;e be hindred: If after the fourth day a great quantity of Spots break out, the Patient be better, and Symptoms abate, in&s;tead of Bleeding &s;everal Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarification may be applied, that Motion may be promoted outwards. And what has been &s;aid of Bleeding, under&s;tand it of bleeding in the Arm, which immediately abates the Quantity. Sometimes notwith&s;tanding opening the lower Veins is very beneficial, if the &s;trength be not able to bear farther bloud-letting. It is be|neficial e&s;pecially to Women, even beyond the time of their natural Purgation: It is good al&s;o where a tran&s;lation of the humours to the Brain is feared. Opening of the haemorrhoids al&s;o with Leeches does good, which is done with little lo&s;s of &s;trength, re|vul&s;ion in the mean time being made from the inner bowels,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it is good e&s;pecially for Melancholick per|&s;ons.</P>
<P N="6">VI. This generous Remedy ought to be admini|&s;tred immediately in the very beginning of this Di&s;|ea&s;e, that is, while &s;trength is good, and before the corruption and poi&s;on is got into the Bloud. Yea, I prefer this one thing, that there is no Fever, in which relief is deferred with greater damage: nor perhaps is there any one Fever, which more deceives ignorant Phy&s;icians; For when Bleeding is deferred, the Bloud being already corrupt, I have ob&s;erved that the cure is rendred almo&s;t im|po&s;&s;ible, by rea&s;on of the great weakne&s;s which ap|pears all on a &s;udden before the height of the Di&s;|ea&s;e. Parthermore, if any Di&s;ea&s;e can deceive a Phy&s;ician, this is the principal, becau&s;e this Fever at the beginning appears &s;o mild, both in heat, and in all its accidents, that ignorant men &s;light it. But then afterwards &s;igns of Death appear all on a &s;ud|den: for which rea&s;on it is nece&s;&s;ary that the Ar|ti&s;t be experienced,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> carefull and Learned.</P>
<P N="7">VII. I think Bleeding in the lower Veins is far more beneficial than in the upper, e&s;pecially if the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> be &s;topt, or the u&s;ual bleeding of the Hae|morrhoids &s;uppre&s;&s;ed; for in the&s;e latter ca&s;es it has no difficulty: But if they be wanting, I have ob&s;erved in the&s;e Fevers, it is far &s;afer to breathe a Vein in the Leg or Foot: For if it be the be&s;t way to draw the Poi&s;on from the Heart, no &s;afer way can be thought on, than to draw to the lower and weaker parts. But &s;ome may &s;ay the abundance is not evacuated with that celerity out of the lower Veins, as out of the higher. I an&s;wer, 1. I can|not ea&s;ily admit that, becau&s;e, if I be not mi&s;taken, the Veins of the Legs and Arms are equally di&s;tant fom the <HI>Vena Cava.</HI> 2. Suppo&s;e there be a difference, it is exceeding &s;mall, but the utility, for the fore|&s;aid Cau&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> is far greater.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Aquapendent</HI> &s;ays, he will propo&s;e a Para|dox, that evacuation by the Haemorrhoids conduces more to the cure of Malignant fevers, than Bleed|ing in the Arm. He &s;ubjoins a rea&s;on: for the greater branches of the <HI>Vena Cava,</HI> wherein the pec|cant matter lies, may &s;o be emptied. And I add, that while they draw from the &s;edal Arteries, it is very likely the Heart is wonderfully relieved there|by.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. opening of a Vein may be omitted, when the &s;trength is low, and there is no fulne&s;s of bloud, or but a very little, and when it con&s;i&s;ts of the thin|ner part of the bloud. Then, becau&s;e the whole Body cannot be evacuated by opening a Vein, for the&s;e contraindicating Cau&s;es, I &s;hould admit the u&s;e of moi&s;t Cupping-gla&s;&s;es; by which we might advantageou&s;ly evacuate that virulent Cacochymie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augeni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> which is mixt with the thinner bloud.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the Year 1648. an Epidemick, Malignant, Spotted fever raged, with great de&s;truction, in which I often ob&s;erved, that the frequent applica|tion of dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and of Ve&s;icatories, to the middle of the Limbs, and behind the Ears, did much good, even in de&s;perate per&s;ons, and &s;uch as had a Lethargy or a Phrenzy. But if the heat or motion of the bloud were over high,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Bo|relius. <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 60.</NOTE> then you were to ab&s;tain from cupping and &s;carifying; for they were mortal, but the u&s;e of Cordials was very ad|vantageous.</P>
<P N="11">XI. It is the way of the Italians to apply Cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es to the lower parts, for revocation of the poi&s;onous matter from the Heart to the mo&s;t di&s;|&s;tant places: To the Shoulders and Back by no means, le&s;t it be drawn towards the Heart from o|ther places. But they are properly applied to all the&s;e places, beginning at the lower parts, for the fore&s;aid rea&s;on: Which application, &s;ince it does not &s;ufficiently draw the poi&s;onous humours and vapours from the heart, and neighbouring parts, therefore it is of nece&s;&s;ity made to the &s;houlders and back. Hear <HI>Mercatus</HI> his Opinion of them; <HI>It is mo&s;t advi&s;able to &s;carifie, where you &s;et the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the Back, over again&s;t the Heart. Which Invention Practice has often &s;hewn to be of &s;uch moment, that I have &s;een anxiety, inequali|ty of the Pul&s;e, and other mo&s;t cruel Accidents, pre&s;ently cea&s;e thereupon: Wherefore till you find the accidents of the Poi&s;on in &s;ome &s;ort to abate, you mu&s;t not leave off Cupping.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. I had a Porter under Cure of a Burning, Ma|lignant fever. When he was in great anxiety, I or|dered Leeches to be applied to his <HI>Anus:</HI> but either through the negligence of the Attendant, or the ig|norance of the Patient, they were &s;et to his Paps, which falling off full of bloud, gave occa&s;ion to co|pious bloud-letting. When I came,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius Di|ver&s;us.</NOTE> I found the man recovered of his Di&s;ea&s;e, and I a&s;cribed his &s;uccee|ding health to this Remedy.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. When one has been &s;ufficiently bled in the Arm, opening a Vein in the Forehead is proper: he may bleed 6 ounces. Leeches may al&s;o be &s;et be|hind the Ears, which indeed are an u&s;efull Remedy, but not &s;o effectual as the former, becau&s;e the thin|ne&s;t part of the bloud onely is drawn by the Leeches, when by a Vein of the Forehead &s;ometimes in a Phrenzy more impure and corrupt bloud is drawn,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> than from the Arm.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Ve&s;icatories are condemned by &s;ome. 1. Be|cau&s;e they encrea&s;e heat and burning. 2. Becau&s;e by intervention of Pain they cau&s;e Watching. 3. Be|cau&s;e they often hinder the critical motion of Na|ture to the No&s;e. I an&s;wer to the Fir&s;t, That they cau&s;e heat onely in the external parts, whereby the internal heat is abated. To the Second, That Watching and Pain come of them&s;elves. To the Third, That they do not divert Nature from any whol&s;ome purpo&s;e, becau&s;e &s;he endeavours no cri|tical motion. But indeed they are nece&s;&s;ary. 1. That the heat which is almo&s;t &s;tifled may be refre&s;hed. 2. That the poi&s;onous matter, that is about the heart, may be attracted. 3. That the raging mat|ter, rapt to the heart and brain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 9. <HI>l.</HI> 4.</NOTE> when it has a great urgency, and cau&s;es a <HI>Delirium,</HI> and makes the Pul&s;e low, may be retracted to parts far di&s;tant. Ve|&s;icatories doe all the&s;e things as a pre&s;ent Remedy. &para; Being taught by experience, I judged it a proper Remedy in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e I ob&s;erved the inter|nal heat was very great, when the out parts were cold, and mo&s;t grievous &s;ymptoms of the principal parts were imminent, by rea&s;on of the malignant Evaporations of the boiling bloud. By this means Revul&s;ion is made to the out parts, in which re&s;pect the Phy&s;ician imitates Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 30.</NOTE> which u&s;es to tran&s;|fer Spots, <HI>Buboes</HI> and Carbuncles, to the out parts in Pe&s;tilential fevers. &para; Ve&s;icatories applied to
<PB N="198" REF="105"> &s;everal Parts, do powerfully draw and make re|vul&s;ion of the bad and poi&s;onous <HI>Ichores.</HI> They are commonly applied to the hind part of the neck: for there they draw out the poi&s;onous matter, and de|rive it from the head, and &s;erve to cure comatous affections, which frequently happen in the&s;e Fevers. Yet where a great Malignity has &s;iezed the whole Body, and very cruel Symptoms are urgent, one is not &s;ufficient, but &s;everal mu&s;t be applied. In an exceeding &s;everity of a Di&s;ea&s;e, I u&s;e to apply them to five places, namely, to the Neck, each Arm on the in&s;ide, between the Elbow and Shoulder, and to each Thigh on the in&s;ide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> between the Groin and Knee, with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="15">XV. What I&s;&s;ues, Sores and Ve&s;icatories are able to doe in preventing and curing Malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, yea the Plague it &s;elf, has been already in &s;ome mea&s;ure known &s;ince <HI>Galen</HI>'s time, and is worthy of a more exact enquiry. In our clime, where the humours are for the mo&s;t part gro&s;s, phlegmatick and dull, &s;ometimes we ob&s;erve pre&s;ent relief from Ve&s;icatories, e&s;pecially if they be applied before the &s;eventh day of the Di&s;ea&s;e, to the in&s;ide of the Arms and Thighs, where the large Veins run. Yet there is a time when they are applied whole months to no purpo&s;e, yea &s;ometimes in a whole year no &s;en&s;ible relief is found from them. The rea&s;on may be drawn from the difference of the Infection: When the&s;e Malignant particles &s;tick not very fa&s;t, and do not embrace the tenacious moi&s;ture of the Body, they are more ea&s;ily di&s;charged by a Ve&s;ica|tory, and the fugacious poi&s;on departs as the <HI>Serum</HI> breaks out: But when they re&s;ide in vi&s;cid matter, or are clo&s;ely joined to any &s;mooth matter, they commonly elude the force of a Bli&s;ter. But how &s;hall we know in what particles the malignity re|&s;ides? To con&s;ider the con&s;titution is not &s;uffici|ent; for I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved, that Ve&s;icato|ries were very beneficial to phlegmatick per&s;ons, and that they have done no good at all to extreme cholerick Men. They mu&s;t be applied in &s;ea&s;on, e&s;pecially when it appears by examples, that they have done good to others who have been &s;ick in the &s;ame manner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Olaus Bor|richius, <HI>Act. Danic.</HI> 1676. <HI>p.</HI> 77.</NOTE> near the &s;ame time. But if they fail your expectation, you mu&s;t per&s;i&s;t in Alexiphar|macks, which mu&s;t neverthele&s;s be made u&s;e of. &para; Since it is the ill cu&s;tome of &s;everal Phy&s;icians, when Malignant fevers do rage much, if there be Head-ach and <HI>Delirium,</HI> to rely much upon the ap|plication of a Veficatory, that I might be certain of the &s;ucce&s;s, I enquired of &s;everal Chirurgeons, from who&s;e report I under&s;tood, that mo&s;t Patients died, to whom they were laid: And indeed I knew &s;everal who were &s;o precipitated into their Graves. A plethorick young Woman, afflicted with a Conti|nual fever, and Pain and a <HI>Delirium,</HI> by the advice of a young Phy&s;ician, who made her a long di&s;cour&s;e of the benefit of Bli&s;ters, had a Ve&s;icatory applied to her Neck; a little while after &s;he began to cry out and complain of a huge burning in her Head, and the next day &s;he died of Convul&s;ion fits. If a Lethargy or Drowzine&s;s come upon one, to awaken him, and draw the matter from his Head, I think they &s;hould not be rejected; but not in the beginning or in|crea&s;e, when all things burn and are in a flame, and the Head is onely affected by con&s;ent with the lower parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augu&s;tinus Thonerus, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> If one or two e&s;cape it is not &s;o much by means of the Ve&s;icatories, as of Nature or other Medicines.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. It is much controverted among Practitio|ners. Whether one may purge in the beginning of Malignant Fevers? Many deny it, becau&s;e of <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> his rule, <HI>Concocted not crude things mu&s;t be purged.</HI> And becau&s;e in this Di&s;ea&s;e Malignant humours are too much &s;tirred by Purgatives, they &s;pread the Malignant quality farther, and &s;harply &s;timulating Nature, they cau&s;e a pernicious Loo&s;ne&s;s; when otherwi&s;e colliquating fluxes are u&s;ual in the&s;e Fe|vers, and for the mo&s;t part mortal. Others con|tend, that &s;ometimes there is &s;o great a quantity of bad and poi&s;onous humours in the fir&s;t ways, that un|le&s;s it be quite taken away or dimini&s;hed by a purge in the beginning, it will infect the re&s;t of the ma&s;s of humours, that it cannot be conquered by Nature, how much &s;oever &s;he be fortified by Alexipharmacks. I think, in the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e we &s;hould ab&s;tain as much as can be from purgatives, for the rea&s;ons alledged before, and we &s;hould carry off by Cly&s;ters rather than by a Purge. Yet if the Ca|cochymie in the fir&s;t region be &s;o great, that it is not likely it &s;hould be &s;ufficiently carried off, the filth &s;tagnating in the fir&s;t ways, by frequent Cly&s;ters (which happens e&s;pecially, when bad hu|mours redound in the Stomach, and when there is a great lo&s;s of Appetite, bitterne&s;s in the Mouth, Loathing and Vomiting, or when there is &s;tore of Worms) it is the be&s;t way then to carry it off by a Purge, that the morbifick matter contained in the Veins may afterwards more commodiou&s;ly be &s;ub|dued, which matter indeed cannot be carried off be|fore Concoction, and in this ca&s;e onely <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his rule holds good, that <HI>Concocted not crude things mu&s;t be purged.</HI> But the matter contained in the fir&s;t Region, and the filth of the Excrements may be carried off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> without any preparation or concoction premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. As the giving of Cly&s;ters is not onely u&s;e|full in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but in the whole cour&s;e of it, if the Belly be not loo&s;e of it &s;elf, that the daily excrements may pa&s;s, and &s;ome &s;hare of the morbifick matter may gradually be carried off, and that revul&s;ion of the humours tending up|wards may be made; &s;o they become hurtfull, if purgatives be put in them, becau&s;e they cau&s;e loo&s;|ne&s;&s;es, which are familiar to this Di&s;ea&s;e. They &s;hould be in&s;tead of an inward fomentation, not of a laxative Remedy. And although through the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e the Belly be loo&s;e, yet we mu&s;t not leave them off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but u&s;e moderate Deter&s;ives and Coolers.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I may &s;afely &s;ay, that they throw Oil in the Chimney who give &s;trong Purges in Continual fevers, e&s;pecially where there is but the lea&s;t &s;u&s;pi|cion of Malignity. Let the Doctors of Practical Phy&s;ick be con&s;ulted, and their Ob&s;ervations, and you will be informed, that they that are &s;ick of a Malignant fever, are for the mo&s;t part unhappily purged, or you will find but very few of them that are unluckily purged, to be &s;aved, and then it is by the &s;trength of Nature. Nor according to Nature can it otherwi&s;e be, for what is purging but an ar|tificial troubling and fermentation of the humours? as <HI>Sennertus, In&s;tit. Med.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 11. teaches. For what is a Continent fever el&s;e, and other fevers al&s;o, but a fermentation or ebullition of the Bloud? And do you not finely cure the ebullition of the Bloud by the fermentation of a Purge? It is quite contra|ry, &s;eeing we mu&s;t doe our utmo&s;t to &s;top this grow|ing Malignity in a Continent fever, by rea&s;on of the fermentation of the Bloud. And they doe far bet|ter for their Patients, who, at the very beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, order them immediately &s;ome ap|proved, but not too violent Purge, with re&s;pect to each individual. Among whom let <HI>Rulandus</HI> appear fir&s;t, who <HI>c.</HI> 6. <HI>de F. &V;ngar.</HI> &s;ays, <HI>They that are ea&s;ie to vomit, and who&s;e &s;trength is good, are &s;ooner freed from the &s;ource of the Malignity, and are in le&s;s danger of the Cruelty of the Plague, when they have taken a Vomit; for by this the bad ma&s;s of humours is carried off, which for the mo&s;t part gives a beginning to the wor&s;t Malignity, (witne&s;s the Heart-burn, tormenting mo&s;t people) without any great lo&s;s of &s;trength, and with le&s;s exagitation of the humours, than from the milde&s;t Purges.</HI> Let the famous <HI>Hartman</HI> follow <HI>Rulandus,</HI> who <HI>Prax. Chymiatr. p. m.</HI> 389. &s;ays, there is not a more &s;ucce&s;sfull way found to cure Fevers, than that which begins with a Vomit. <HI>Crato,</HI> Phy&s;ician to three Emperours, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 275. commends the white flowers of Antimony for that purpo&s;e. And I mu&s;t ingenuou&s;ly confe&s;s, that as from the beginning of
<PB N="199" REF="105"> my Practice I have ever been aver&s;e to <HI>Gilla Theo|phra&s;ti,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli, <HI>Digre&s;. de Feb. Malign. Sect.</HI> 72, 75, &amp; 76.</NOTE> <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> and &s;uch like &s;trong Vomits; &s;o with <HI>Aqua benedicta Rulandi,</HI> and with <HI>Oxy&s;accharum A. Salae,</HI> I have quickly, &s;afely and plea&s;antly, &s;everal times cured both Tertians and Malignant fevers.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. When there is loathing, and purging will doe no good, according to the inclination of the hu|mour, let Vomit be provoked by Art, to the end, that the impurities not onely of the fir&s;t, but of the &s;econd and third regions of the Body may be clean|&s;ed. For if the Stomach, according to the Nature of the Sea, give to all, and receive from all, <HI>Hip.</HI> 1. <HI>de Diaet.</HI> If by means of the Liver it be joined to all the parts of the Body, and receive their Excrements, according to <HI>Galen</HI>'s Doctrine, and in a word, if the whole Body and the Stomach give and receive one from the other, <HI>ex lib.</HI> 4. <HI>de morb.</HI> who &s;ees not that the mo&s;t remote parts may be rid of the load of vexing humours by the Stomach? Nor is it ami&s;s ob&s;erved by <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> 4 <HI>Probl.</HI> 7. that very Wearine&s;s is cured by Vomiting, although the matter of it be far di&s;per&s;ed through the mu&s;culous kind. And e&s;|pecially &s;oporated Patients awake upon taking a Vomit, whether the <HI>Cataphora</HI> be &s;ympathick from the full and fuming <HI>Praecordia,</HI> or Idiopathick from the Brain being inebriated with the multitude of hu|mours: for while the Stomach is rent with the Vo|mit, the Brain al&s;o is provoked, and by the com|mon &s;haking and contention, the ma&s;s of humours oppre&s;&s;ing both the&s;e parts is di&s;charged: To the&s;e Rea&s;ons the Experience of &s;everal People in Fevers con&s;ents, who being faln into a <HI>Carus,</HI> incurable by other helps, have, by cau&s;ing a Vomit, as by a Di|vine Wand, been recalled from the jaws of the Grave. But the que&s;tion is concerning the choice of a Vomit, for &s;ome traduce <HI>Stibium,</HI> how artificially &s;oever prepared, as Stygian: Others again adore the Infu&s;ion in white Wine, as the mo&s;t augu&s;t <HI>Palla|dium</HI> of <HI>Apollo</HI>'s Art, on which all their hopes rely. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in procuring a Vomit did very much u&s;e white Hellebore, which is poi&s;onous and &s;trangling; but &s;ince its correction is unknown to po&s;terity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Menjo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tius <HI>Di&s;&s;ert.</HI> 1.</NOTE> we have no rea&s;on to reject Antimony, as a &s;afe <HI>&s;ucceda|neum</HI> to it.</P>
<P N="20">XX. You will &s;ay, For what rea&s;on do Phy&s;icians, and e&s;pecially Germans, give &s;weating potions im|mediately in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when there is a thickne&s;s and crudity of the humours, and that to the manife&s;t ea&s;e and relief of the Patient? I an&s;wer, That their intention is to draw out onely the ichorous part of the Bloud, in which, as in the principal Subject, the Putrefaction is founded. For &s;eeing the <HI>Ichor</HI> &s;tagnates in all the Veins, even in the capillary, being mixt together with the Bloud for penetration &s;ake, as its conductor and in&s;epera|ble companion, it is certainly mo&s;t readily expre&s;&s;ed and tran&s;colated through the Skin by Sudorificks, be|cau&s;e of its thinne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Jo&s;eph</HI> de Medicis.</NOTE> But do not think that they &s;o reli|ed on Sudorificks, as to ab&s;tain from all other Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Alexipharmacks mu&s;t be very much varied and mixt, according to the various degree of Malig|nity or putrefaction, according to the different in|ten&s;ene&s;s or remi&s;ne&s;s of the Fever, and the diffe|rent Complexion, Sex, Age, and other Circum|&s;tances of Patients, left to the Phy&s;ician's prudence. I onely will give you this caution, when the Fever is mo&s;t violent, you mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t chiefly on Coolers and Acids, avoiding things hot and diaphoretick, which are proper, when the Fever is more remi&s;s, and the malignant quality gives the mo&s;t trouble. Alexipharmacks of the third cla&s;s, Diaphoreticks, to wit, and Sudorificks mu&s;t not be given but in the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e and declen&s;ion, except &s;ome poi|&s;onous quality &s;eem to prevail over the Putrefaction, chu&s;ing &s;uch things as are lea&s;t hot. And there are various degrees of them: for &s;ome are hotter, as <HI>Angelica,</HI> Zedoary, Dittany, Treacle, Treacle-water, which &s;hould never be given, when the fe|brile heat is at the height, but then onely when it is very remi&s;s, and &s;igns of Malignity very preva|lent: But other things are indued with le&s;s heat, as Scabious, <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> Meadow &s;weet, <HI>Scor|dium,</HI> which may &s;afely be given even in the height of the Fever. And the&s;e things &s;hould e&s;pecially be di&s;tingui&s;hed in Practice: If the violence of the Symptoms be great, new Treacle may be conveni|ent, becau&s;e of the &s;trength of the <HI>Opium,</HI> as yet prevailing, whereby the violence of the Symptoms is a&s;&s;uaged, and the heat of the humours re&s;trained: Two grains al&s;o of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> mixt with Alexi|pharmacks, e&s;pecially in the beginning or increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, where Treacle is &s;u&s;pected, is very good: for by its narcotick and fixing virtue, the boi|ling Spirits, which are noi&s;ome to the Heart, are as it were coagulated, and the morbifick matter (which, while it is in flux, is mo&s;t de&s;tructive,) is &s;topt, and remains in a manner unmoved, that af|terwards Nature being not provoked, having ga|thered &s;trength, may more ea&s;ily apply the virtue of Alexipharmacks to her &s;elf. And a Phy&s;ician &s;hould have divers Alexipharmacks in readine&s;s, and &s;hould change them by turns, le&s;t Nature be too much accu&s;tomed to one and the &s;ame thing con&s;tantly u&s;ed, and &s;hould elude its virtue. Be&s;ides the na|ture of the poi&s;on is not always one and the &s;ame, but is very different according to the variety of Bo|dies, &s;o that what does one good, will doe another none. If at any time Nature being oppre&s;&s;ed and in a manner conquered by the malignity of the Poi|&s;on, is able to doe nothing, but &s;ubmits her Neck, as if her Hands were bound, any the &s;tronge&s;t Dia|phoreticks may be given in a larger Do&s;e, that the depre&s;&s;ed &s;trength of the Heart may be quickned as with a Spur: Then Treacle-water or Bezoar|dicks, and &s;uch as are powerfull, and have a more penetrating virtue (which may be encrea&s;ed by the addition of Camphire) mu&s;t be u&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Our modern Innovators, who endeavour to pro&s;cribe Gems, Pearl, Corall and all Cordials in general from medical u&s;e, and who cure all Fevers, even the malignant, onely by Bleeding and &s;imple cooling Juleps, may be convinced at lea&s;t by this ex|periment about Corall and Pearl, becau&s;e if they be raduced to powder, and infu&s;ed in Vinegar, juice of Lemon, Spirit of Vitriol or <HI>Aquae fortis,</HI> they take away the Acrimony of the&s;e Liquors: Whence we may &s;ee that the &s;ame Medicines taken inwardly, do a&s;|&s;uage the Acrimony and Malignant quality of the humours, and reduce them to a moderate quality. They that have ta&s;ted &s;olutions of Pearl or Corall, made in juice of Lemons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> know this very well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Here the futility of &s;everal Phy&s;icians mu&s;t be reproved, who therefore vaunt the virtue of Pearl and Corall, for &s;weetning, as they talk, the churli&s;h|ne&s;s of the Humours, becau&s;e Vinegar, when a di&s;|&s;olution of them is made therein, grows &s;weet: For it appears, that the &s;alt wherewith the di&s;&s;ol|vent is imbued, is united to the Pearl, and the Li|quor indeed is left &s;weeter, but the di&s;&s;olved Pearl is made &s;o &s;harp by the addition of the Salt, that after precipitation they &s;tand in need of carefull ab|lution. Suppo&s;e therefore the Stomach be infected with &s;uch Di&s;&s;olvents, and that, after the di&s;&s;olu|tion of the Pearl that is taken, there be another humour in the Stomach an&s;wering to Oil of Tartar, whereby they may be precipitated, truly the Salt that is mixt with the&s;e di&s;&s;olvent humours, when the <HI>men&s;truum,</HI> as is u&s;ually &s;aid, is gone, will be joi|ned to the Pearl, and together with it will fall in|to the bottom of the Stomach, but there it will doe no le&s;s mi&s;chief, than formerly, becau&s;e kee|ping its old acrimony, it onely changes its &s;eat. But, which &s;hould e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved, the &s;o high|ly extolled Magi&s;teries of Pearl, as without the Bo|dy they are not farther &s;oluble even by the &s;har|pe&s;t Liquor, &s;o without doubt within the Body they can no more be di&s;&s;olved by any humour, be it never &s;o &s;harp. And then all the&s;e things &s;ignifie
<PB N="200" REF="106"> nothing to the humours that are in the veins far di&s;tant from the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Menjortius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Diaphoreticks are much in vogue among the Germans, and <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> highly commends this remedy in the Plague and Malignant fevers, and among other things an <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> &s;everal times di&s;til|led, in &s;uch a way as that half the Phlegm may be left, which is thus tried; to wit, by putting a lit|tle of it in a Pewter Di&s;h, and &s;etting it on fire; if no fatne&s;s be left, let it be di&s;tilled no more; but if any be left, let it be di&s;tilled, till none remain, and give half a drachm of this in 4 ounces of warm Barley-water. To this purpo&s;e I have u&s;ed <HI>Elixir vitae magni Ducis</HI> and <HI>e&s;&s;entia Theriacalis eju&s;dem</HI> in the &s;ame quantity to 2 drops. Nor is there any rea&s;on why any one &s;hould reprehend the u&s;e of the&s;e Medi|cines, as being very hot, becau&s;e the heat of them is ea&s;ily di&s;per&s;ed, and penetrates to the principal parts, and carries off the infection of the humours by &s;weat, be&s;ides, we mu&s;t u&s;e the&s;e hot things af|ter taking of cold ones: for Malignant and Pe&s;ti|lential Fevers mu&s;t &s;ometimes be cured by virtue of the fire.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca, <HI>co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ult.</HI> 47. <HI>tom.</HI> 1.</NOTE> &para; In a great decay of &s;trength hot &s;trengthning things need not much be feared, &s;o as out of dread of encrea&s;ing the Fever, that we &s;hould be unwilling to deliver the Patient from im|minent danger of Death, &s;eeing we mu&s;t always have greate&s;t re&s;pect to what is mo&s;t urgent: for when the &s;trength of the Heart has been a little re|fre&s;hed, what hot &s;trengthners have inflamed more than ordinary, may be afterwards qualified by vio|lent Coolers, as <HI>Sal Prunellae,</HI> and Spirit of Vitriol mixt in Juleps and ordinary drink. This method ob&s;erved by a prudent Phy&s;ician, does happily &s;uc|ceed even in the giving of hot Alexipharmacks and Sudorificks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; As to Bezoardick Medicines, which take away the poi&s;onous quality of the humours, Treacle, Mithridate, <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi,</HI> without all controver&s;ie they are better than any other. Which, though in &s;ome Pe&s;tilent fevers they be di&s;approved, becau&s;e they are hot; yet I have ob&s;erved that more benefit than hurt is got from the u&s;e of them: Therefore <HI>Galen,</HI> in <HI>Lib. de Theriac. ad Pi&s;onem,</HI> allows Treacle in Malignant and Pe&s;tilential fevers. Who&s;e advice I approve, &s;o the Fever be not of an excee|ding Burning kind.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hius,</HI> C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;ul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. In Malignant fevers, before the breaking out of the Spots, you may &s;ometimes ob&s;erve the Hands of the &s;ick far beyond the Wri&s;t, or the Feet far beyond the Anckle, or both, to be di&s;coloured with a colour &s;trange and different from that of the whole Body, but momentany and fading: and &s;ome|times they are very red: And &s;uch Patients do then complain of a great burning in their extreme parts, and ask for cold things, or &s;ome Cry&s;tal, although the re&s;t of the Body be not &s;o remarkably hot, which indeed is a mortal &s;ign. But if the heat rage yet more in their Limbs, and gain &s;trength, then the Hands of &s;uch feveri&s;h per&s;ons in two or three days &s;pace, without any other manife&s;t cau&s;e, are con&s;umed with &s;uch an Atrophy as u&s;ually appears in their hands that are wa&s;ted with the Con&s;umpti|on; you &s;hall &s;eldom ob&s;erve that &s;uch recover, e&s;|pecially them who&s;e Hands are black and blew, or of &s;ome dull colour. Of which thing I give this rea&s;on, following the example of the Excellent <HI>Spi|gelius,</HI> namely, <HI>That there are u&s;ually more, and more appa|rent</HI> Ana&s;tomo&s;es <HI>of the Veins and Arteries about the extreme parts, as in parts remote from the fountain of Heat, and which therefore &s;tand in need of more hot and &s;pirituous bloud: And hence it comes to pa&s;s, that the Bloud which is evacua|ted out of the hand is much more fre&s;h coloured and redder than what is evacuated out of the Arm, becau&s;e the arterious bloud is here al&s;o ever evacuated.</HI> By means of which <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;es</HI> that admirable Circulation of the bloud is perfor|med. But now if this Circulation be hindred in the extreme parts by the bloud being boiled by the preternatural febrile heat, and made fibrous and tough like to dregs of Oil, how &s;hould it be but, as &s;tanding waters corrupt, that &s;o the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Bloud in humane Bodies &s;hould be corrup|ted? When even in fenny places, ponds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we ob|&s;erve &s;ometimes green, &s;ometimes black, &s;ometimes red water is either gathered or corrupted: but mo&s;t frequently Mar&s;hes, and the woody parts of Hou&s;es lying under the Penthou&s;e, or Eaves of the Hou&s;e, or the pla&s;tered Walls between grow green, be|cau&s;e of the Rain abounding with the volatile Salt of gra&s;s and herbs, got out by the heat of the Sun; and the like rea&s;on may be given for other corrupt Waters. For they are variou&s;ly tinged with the volatile Salt of the Earth (which mu&s;t not be deni|ed it) but then corrupted by the heat of the Sun in Mar&s;hy places, and they as it were counterfeit and fal&s;ly repre&s;ent ru&s;t of Iron, Bole Armenick, Ochre. May not therefore likewi&s;e that mo&s;t vitious and corrupt bloud in the live Body of People, &s;ick of Malignant fevers, appear livid, and having lo&s;t its ro&s;ie colour, of nece&s;&s;ity mo&s;t filthily mar the beau|ty of the Skin in the out&s;ide of the hands and feet? When therefore the bloud, or the ma&s;s of bloud grows tough in the fore&s;aid manner, &s;o that the Circulation of the Bloud does, I will not &s;ay whol|ly cea&s;e, but is in part hindred, two <HI>Phaenomena</HI> ap|pear; either the parts mentioned are &s;iezed with an occult Gangrene, and therefore they are &s;carcely recovered, who&s;e extreme parts are &s;eized fir&s;t with a manife&s;t and pertinacious Heat, and by and by are very red, black and blew, all which things have their latitude and degrees; and when the&s;e things are over, the &s;ick are not &s;o violently burnt as before, or they do not perceive them&s;elves &s;o, but the heat fal&s;ly abates, and appears more gentle; the Pul&s;e al&s;o is apparently better, but fal&s;ly, be|cau&s;e the bloud is tougher, and flower to motion, and Death is at the door: Or a &s;trange colour, which is momentany, ea&s;ily vani&s;hing and fading, appears in the extreme parts of them that are &s;ick of a Malignant fever. But I divine, that this portends that corruption of the bloud is in making, or will &s;hortly be, which is analogous, or like to the gan|grenous <HI>Ichor,</HI> but that the Salt, rendred in &s;ome mea&s;ure fixt in the Ma&s;s of bloud, and e&s;pecially in the &s;aid places mo&s;t remote from the heart, may be made volatile again by Alexipharmacks, that is, pre|pared Hart&s;horn e&s;pecially, and al&s;o &s;havings of crude Hart&s;horn, &s;havings of <HI>Greenland</HI> Unicorn, vo|latile Salt of Hart&s;horn, Salt of Vipers, Urine, A&s;h, Amber, and the like. Wherefore the famous <HI>Ru|landus,</HI> who was ignorant indeed of the Circulation of the bloud, yet neverthele&s;s in the Hungarian Plague highly commends Chymical Salts, affirming that they doe as much as any other Medicines to|wards the expul&s;ion of its latent <HI>fomes,</HI> and &s;aying, How much &s;oever you endeavour to a&s;&s;uage the Symptoms, or to &s;trengthen or refre&s;h the Body, you labour but in vain, the fountain &s;till remaining. Nature therefore being &s;trengthened by the help of the&s;e Alexipharmacks and volatile Salts, di&s;charges that partly fixed Salt in the ma&s;s of bloud, being now made volatile, by the Arteries into the Veins, whereupon there appears not any one remarkable broad &s;pot, but many and innumerable appear fre&s;h, when the circulation of the bloud is re&s;tored, plen|tifull &s;weat all the Body over intervening, concer|ning which Spots Practioners doubt, whether they come &s;ymptomatically or critically. I indeed &s;ome|times have ob&s;erved, that by rea&s;on of the quantity and quality of the bloud and corrupt <HI>Serum,</HI> which Nature was not able to correct, have appeared un|happily, and portended Death it &s;elf: I have al&s;o ob&s;erved them to break out critically, as well as the Small Pox and Mea&s;les, which were kindly. But the&s;e forementioned Spots in Malignant fevers are the effects of a very bad Cau&s;e, as it argues &s;o great a corruption of the bloud in the live Body, that the Fermentation cau&s;es &s;uch a <HI>diacri&s;is</HI> or <HI>apocri&s;is</HI> in the ma&s;s of bloud, as that the volatile Salt it &s;elf
<PB N="201" REF="106"> appears,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Simon Pau|li,</HI> D gr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;. de Feb. M <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Sect. <HI>52, &amp; 5<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></NOTE> which is naturally apt to pa&s;s &s;ubject to &s;ubject, and is by con&s;equent a poi&s;on, which acts in its whole &s;ub&s;tance, and this is the <GAP DESC="foreign">, or morbid excretion of <HI>Hippocrates.</HI></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Le&s;t any one &s;hould accu&s;e us, as if we were ignorant of the <HI>methodus medendi,</HI> becau&s;e when they that are &s;ick of a Malignant fever with a hot and dry Intemperature, and that notorious enough, to the touch indeed gentle and kindly, we pre|&s;ently fly to Sudorificks, Diureticks, and finally to Salts (and I add, that I willingly allow him this, although it be not univer&s;ally true, that all the&s;e things are hot) as to our la&s;t refuge, when the Fever requires cooling things. I will here introduce <HI>Hof|mannus</HI> his rea&s;on, namely why Di&s;ea&s;es of hot In|temperature are cured with hot Medicine fetched from his <HI>de Medicam. Officin. lib</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 128. Becau&s;e it holds good not onely in the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, who&s;e cure he treats of in the forecited place, but in Ma|lignant fevers, and many other Di&s;ea&s;es called Oc|cult, and in &s;uch as wherein the <GAP DESC="foreign"> of <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> (which word many under&s;tand ami&s;s) is &s;aid and believed to be. In that place after <HI>Fallopius</HI> he inveighs again&s;t them who granting <HI>Guaiacum</HI> to be bitter and biting, and therefore hot and dry, yet would have it mo&s;t temperate, and as like our Body as any aliment, becau&s;e they ob&s;erve, that &s;ome grow corpulent upon the u&s;e of this Wood. <HI>By which con|tradiction &s;ome being con&s;trained,</HI> &s;aith Hofmannus, <HI>have held that this wood cures the Pox indeed, whether it depend on hot humours or cold, by propriety of &s;ub&s;tance, or &s;ome occult property, and other Di&s;ea&s;es joined with it, by manife&s;t quali|ties. But indeed they are very much deceived: For if it be thus, when it cures the Pox it &s;elf, does it lay a&s;ide its mani|fe&s;t qualities? They will not &s;ay &s;o, I hope; Therefore the&s;e Problemes &s;till remain undi&s;cu&s;&s;ed, Why Hot fights with Hot, and Dry with Dry? And if it be &s;uch in adjunct Di&s;ea&s;es, why is it not in the root it &s;elf? But is it hot and moi&s;t per|fectly, and does it nouri&s;h more than gelly Broth of a Chicken? Then this is &s;ure,</HI> Guaiacum <HI>is hot and dry, and how does it drive away a Di&s;ea&s;e that is hot and dry? It is by di&s;cu&s;|&s;ing and wa&s;ting the hot and dry humours</HI> (I add, that they appear &s;uch, or are really hot and dry, becau&s;e of the Salt, wherewith the bloud of Per&s;ons infected with the Pox, does without all controver&s;ie mo&s;t exuberantly abound, for certainly this Plague of theirs is contagious) <HI>which is cooling by accident: So Rheubarb cocls by purging &s;uch humours: but it does it not in|differently and without the Laws of Method, without which tho&s;e who have tried it, have been greatly hurt. Yet does it no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ri&s;h? For they take the Body of it? It nouri&s;hes not at all; for &s;ince aliment is a pa&s;&s;ive Word, that is, is a thing which is conquered, who can believe that &s;o hot a Medicine can be conquered and turned into the &s;ub&s;tance of the thing nou|ri&s;hed? Yet People grow fat upon it. You kill me; for I &s;aid but now it was done by accident, the hot humours being di&s;|cu&s;&s;ed, and the ob&s;tructions of the Bowels being opened, which hindred the generation of Bloud. But how bad a Logician are you, in that you di&s;tingui&s;h not what is of it &s;elf, and what by accident?</HI> &amp;c. But this is the &s;umm of the matter, that the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, a hot and dry one, is cured with a hot and dry Medicine by accident, and that indeed by a &s;imple Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum.</HI> Which we mu&s;t affirm, is done likewi&s;e in a Malig|nant and Spotted fever, while we u&s;e Sudorificks, Diureticks, and Salts in particular, namely, that &s;harp and hot things are good for them by acci|dent. why? Becau&s;e, while in it, no <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> or but an imperfect one intervening, the Salt in the ma&s;s of bloud being now made fixt, in the hands or feet, or rather in the <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;es</HI> of the Veins and Arte|ries of the &s;aid parts, far di&s;tant from the Heart, hinders the free circulation, the&s;e Salts render it volatile, which being either attenuated or made volatile, and di&s;charged by the benefit of Circulati|on by &s;weat, or being more fixt, and as it were in fu&s;ion, by the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, it does again freely doe its duty, which being procured, the bloud is truly clean&s;ed, and as it were ventilated, not onely in the &s;aid Fever, but in other malignant and con|tagious Di&s;ea&s;es, hereupon Health is procured, and the Malignity di&s;patched: But when in this acute Di&s;ea&s;e, and in a Malignant fever, Nature re|ceives no a&s;&s;i&s;tence, then at length whatever, upon the cea&s;ing of the Fever, or fermentation in the ma&s;s of bloud, is corrupt and remains,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE> breeds di|vers impo&s;thumes and &s;wellings in divers parts.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. And as there is extreme danger in pur|ging in Malignant fevers, &s;o it is well known that tho&s;e Medicines which are commended again&s;t Fe|vers, and tho&s;e commended again&s;t poi&s;ons are di|ametrically oppo&s;ite one to another, and why? Be|cau&s;e &s;ome Antifebrile Medicines have been found out, not by Indications, but by Empirici&s;m: And &s;ince the manner of the corruption of our bloud in Fevers, and e&s;pecially in Malignant and Spotted ones, varies, and as it were eludes the indu&s;try of Phy&s;icians, hence it u&s;ually falls out, that both Agues, and e&s;pecially Malignant and Spotted fevers, when we come to them we call Antifebrile and Spe|cifick Medicines, are &s;o hard to cure, that they are cured rather by chance than rea&s;on. And the Cau&s;e, be&s;ides that I brought from the corruption of the bloud, is this, for that there is no Fever without fermentation or ebullition. Therefore if, for example's &s;ake, Nutmeg, Alume, Powder of Tor|mentill, <HI>Antefebrilis Crollij</HI> prepared of long Oy&s;ter &s;hells with Wine Vinegar, Pearl, Coral, Bezoar &s;tone, Pretious Stones, and the like, be given to People in Fevers, it &s;ometimes happens, that the Fever cea&s;es, and Why? Becau&s;e that Ebullition is &s;topt by them, ju&s;t as we find that the heat of the Stomach is &s;topt by the alone u&s;e of &s;imple Chalk powdered. But if you weigh the&s;e &s;imples in the Balance of Rea&s;on, you will find it very like|ly that they act what they do act by drying, and by their earthy parts: for they are in an errour, who think that the&s;e and the like things are given, one|ly to give a &s;weat, or to &s;trengthen the heart; in which errour many live, whom <HI>Platerus</HI> confutes, <HI>Quae&s;t. Therapeut.</HI> 91. &s;ince therefore the ebulliti|on cau&s;ed by the febrile ferment is ob&s;erved to be far more treacherous and occult in Malignant Fevers than in a Tertian, hence al&s;o the recoun|ted &s;imples are given with far greater &s;ucce&s;s in an Ague, to fix its ferment, and &s;top the ebulli|tion, than in Malignant fevers: for the&s;e proceed more occultly, yet more &s;peedily, to their &s;tate: Hence therefore the febrile ferment is hurried more quickly in them than in a Tertian (which gives us &s;ome truce) from the Bowels into the Veins, or if the contagion be communicated to us from any where el&s;e, from the capillary and cutaneous Veins and Arteries into the greater: And by con&s;equent, becau&s;e the beginning in Malignant fevers is quick|ly pa&s;t over, you will doe little or no good by the recounted antifebrile Medicines, which have onely a drying faculty: for things of gro&s;s parts act &s;o &s;lowly, that they are not able to re&s;i&s;t the&s;e Fevers. Be&s;ides, the&s;e and the like Medicines that are ap|plied, are onely Cordials by accident; although <HI>Sennertus</HI> a&s;&s;ign them a Cordial and Alexipharmack Virtue. But in my judgment the&s;e and the like things act or perform nothing el&s;e, but onely &s;top the ebullition of the Bloud that is rai&s;ed, if they are able: Which cea&s;ing, the circulation of the bloud performs its office aright in the Heart, and in this Ca&s;e the Heart &s;tands in need of no other Cordials, being &s;ufficient of it &s;elf to breed Spirits: But if the ca&s;e be otherwi&s;e, and if Malignity be joined with it, a cardiack <HI>Syncope</HI> u&s;ually &s;upervenes. But we mu&s;t &s;peak of the other &s;ort of Antifebrile Medicines, which are contrary to the former ex|ceeding earthy and dry ones, and are more in u&s;e among the vulgar than Dogmatical Phy&s;icians, which are the&s;e, all the &s;orts of Pepper, Ginger, adu&s;t Wine, Worm-wood Wine, and the like, with which Agues are more &s;ucce&s;sfully cured em|pirically,
<PB N="202" REF="107"> than Continual fevers, and Why? Be|cau&s;e accidentally by the u&s;e of the&s;e Medicines Vomit is cau&s;ed, the &s;ink or filth of the Stomach being &s;tirred in the Fit, and &s;o the febrile ferment is di&s;charged together with it, or by rea&s;on of more robu&s;t Con&s;titutions, the &s;ame ferment is carried by the&s;e hot and Diuretick Medicines to the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, or is removed before it can infect the whole ma&s;s of bloud; which on the contrary in Continual fevers, where no truce intervenes, is mo&s;t ea&s;ily corrupted. But if the febrile ferment be carried to the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, and a troubled, ill coloured and &s;tinking Urine be made, it portends u&s;ually an abatement of the Ague. Since therefore the ca&s;e &s;tands thus, who hence forward, where there is no room for Vomits, would not rather chu&s;e certain Diureticks and Sudorificks in Malig|nant fevers, than run the hazard of a thou&s;and un|certain things, termed Antifebriles, of a dubious or no event at all? Wherefore the never enough to be commended skill of the mo&s;t famous <HI>Rulandus</HI> me|rits more and more confirmation, becau&s;e that in the&s;e, and e&s;pecially in Salts, he &s;eems to place all the remedy he has again&s;t Malignant fevers: So <HI>la|pis,</HI> or <HI>Sal Prunellae,</HI> be&s;ides, that it &s;tops the fermenta|tion, is a great Diuretick: <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris,</HI> which al&s;o &s;tops fermentation is a great Sudorifick: and both of them are mo&s;t celebrated remedies again&s;t the Plague and Malignant fevers. Here al&s;o I have a mind to lay down in what manner Spots break out in our Skin, either by the motion of Nature alone, or of Nature helped by Alexipharmacks and Sudo|rificks, how our Skin comes to be be&s;et with them, and again clear of them: Nature either provoked, or helped by Alexipharmacks, endeavours to ex|pell the bloud that is hurtfull to her, and more or le&s;s corrupted in its whole &s;ub&s;tance; which while &s;he is in doing, it is very probable to me, that the very &s;ame thing happens to the ma&s;s of Bloud, e&s;|pecially at the <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;es</HI> of the Veins and Arteries of the hands and feet, which befalls a frozen River, when the fro&s;t is broke: For as then the Ice is melted with the kindly and gentle heat of the Sun, &s;o Nature being about to conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e by the benefit of the animal fire, or innate heat, coo|ling e&s;pecially, after the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and burning no more &s;o preternaturally as before, melts the bloud thickned and made tough by the febrile heat in the Veins, and as it were congealing be|cau&s;e of abundance of Salt, in the extremities of the hands and feet; and as a torrent or river car|ries fragments of Ice rapidly down the &s;tream, &s;o the bloud in the Veins throws off &s;mall portions of the preternaturally fixed Salt, which are the Spots, or make them. Wherefore no wonder if Nature upon the u&s;e of Alexipharmacks or Sudo|rificks, made of the mineral, vegetable, and e&s;pe|cially of the Animal kind, abounding more or le&s;s with volatile Salts, do &s;ooner or later, gradually, or at once, according to the different temper of the Subjects, throw off Spots to the Skin, va|rying in colour, magnitude and number, which indeed <HI>Rulandus</HI> ob&s;erved were fixt to the ex|tremities of the Capillary Veins: But they are nothing el&s;e but the Salt of the <HI>Serum,</HI> and ma&s;s of bloud, made volatile, which &s;weating through the Pores of the Skin is the proximate and onely Cau&s;e of all Spots in Malignant fevers, be they &s;mall and lenticular, or great and as broad as ones hand, while, to wit, it buds out in the Skin, and is then fixt in it, till upon amendment it gradually vani&s;h by in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, or, even while the Di&s;ea&s;e or Fever la&s;ts, is re&s;olved into Atomes &s;o &s;mall that they cannot be &s;een, which we call the <GAP DESC="foreign">, (or infectious parti|cles) and are the proximate cau&s;e of the Conta|gion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. When Epidemick Malignant fevers are abroad, or when they are not abroad, if the bloud that is let, when it is cold, be like to good bloud in colour, and be as it were very rutilant, coming very near the colour of that Indian Throatwort, called the Cardinal flower, yea in a manner excee|ding it, and having very little <HI>Serum</HI> in it, I have of|ten ob&s;erved it portend Death to &s;everal per&s;ons, when the by-&s;tanders and unskilfull were glad of this ro&s;ie and &s;carlet colour, and congratula|ted the &s;ick for it. But I have been long agoe in|&s;tructed, as ever di&s;tru&s;ting &s;uch a &s;u&s;picious good|ne&s;s of the bloud, to give my Patients in &s;uch ca&s;es Alteratives with Alexipharmacks, and e&s;pecially this decoction of &s;havings of Hart&s;horn of my own de&s;cription; Take of &s;having of Hart&s;horn half an ounce, Root of Fenil, <HI>Contrayerva, Scorzonera,</HI> Carline-Thi&s;tle each 2 drachms, &s;eeds of Columbine, Fenil, each 1 drachm, &s;toned <HI>Jujubes</HI> 2 ounces, boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of a decoction of Barley: To|wards the end add of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es 2 ounces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Borage, Buglo&s;s, each 1 ounce.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> is of marvellous efficacy, given from half a drachm to a whole one in Malignant fevers, Small Pox, Mea&s;les, yea and the Plague it &s;elf: But whence comes its diapho|retick virtue con&s;idering its a&s;trictive faculty? <HI>Si|mon Pauli Quadrip. Botan. p. m.</HI> 225. affirms it is u&s;ed to &s;top the ebullition of the bloud, not to rai&s;e a &s;weat; for as it is far better to &s;pit on a &s;park, that it may not burn, and con&s;ume a whole Hou&s;e with the flame which it would ri&s;e to, &s;o it is mo&s;t advi&s;able, by cold and dry things, (&s;uch as <HI>Antimo|nium diaphoreticum</HI> is, and al&s;o Root of Tormentil, Bi&s;tort, which are a&s;trictive and Diaphoretick, Bole Armenick, <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> burnt Hart&s;horn, <HI>Calx An|timonii,</HI> &amp;c.) to &s;top the burning of the bloud, or the fermentation following it, which if it exceed mea&s;ure, &s;o as the circulation of the bloud being altogether di&s;turbed, the bloud be un&s;peakably corrupt, it can neither return again to its natural habit, and the contagion which follows that cor|ruption, that takes &s;o many off, is called the Plague, who&s;e <HI>fomes,</HI> &s;eminary, or contagion you will never ca&s;t out of the Body, except by Alexitericks or Sudorificks. But this rea&s;on does not yet &s;atis|fie, for if it held good, the cure would not be &s;afe, while the cau&s;e of this burning or ebullition, would not by this means be taken away, and Opiates were better able to doe this work. Nay, Whence pro|ceeds the u&s;ual eruption of Sweat after the u&s;e of the enumerated Medicines, which are cold and dry Dia|phoreticks? Wherefore I judge that <HI>Antimonium Di|aphoreticum,</HI> as al&s;o the other Medicines, are not in|deed among the number of tho&s;e Sudorificks, that have the faculty of attenuating and di&s;&s;olving gro&s;s humours, but that they are &s;uch as, imitating Na|ture, do by their fixing and precipitating virtue, which depends on a peculiar texture of the parts, fix and precipitate the morbifick ferments, or the volatile Sulphureous Salts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>Clavis Schro|deriana, p.</HI> 303.</NOTE> and al&s;o &s;trengthen the Tone, which being done, the tumultuating facul|ty of the <HI>Archaeus</HI> is quieted, and throws off what is trouble&s;ome, by Sweat or Urine, from the <HI>Lympha</HI> or ma&s;s of bloud.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. We mu&s;t take notice that <HI>Oxyrrhodina</HI> are not &s;o convenient in Malignant as in Simple Putrid fevers, becau&s;e the di&s;per&s;ing of poi&s;onous vapours mu&s;t be procured by all means, and not hindred, therefore gentle repellents mu&s;t be made u&s;e of, or if the violence of the Symptoms be urgent, we may proceed to &s;trong ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &s;o they be not kept long on.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. In Malignant fevers we mu&s;t have a care of Epithemes, for they may by no means be u&s;ed in poi&s;onous Di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> and therefore we mu&s;t avoid them as a pernicious Poi&s;on. &para; In Malignant fe|vers we mu&s;t utterly avoid cold Epithemes, which are proper for the Heart; but they mu&s;t rather be applied warm: for otherwi&s;e there is fear, le&s;t, when the Malignity is tran&s;lated and &s;truck back
<PB N="203" REF="107"> from the Circumference to the Center, more harm than good re&s;ult from it: Therefore cordial Baggs are be&s;prinkled with no liquours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedellus.</NOTE> but what are &s;pi|rituous, for fear of repul&s;ion.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. If the extreme parts happen to be cold, there is great &s;u&s;picion of Malignity and Languid|ne&s;s of faculty; for that Coldne&s;s te&s;tifies there are both the&s;e Cau&s;es, to wit, a Malignant Putre&s;cence of the Humours in the Bowels, or Ulcers, or great Inflammations, or violent pains in the Inte&s;tines; all the&s;e things force the heat to run inwards, and to de&s;ert the out parts. In this ca&s;e there &s;hould be the greate&s;t care imaginable to recall the heat, and by all means to keep the&s;e parts in an equal temper with the other parts: For although this coldne&s;s of the Feet be no cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but a Symp|tome, yet it is removed by revocation of the Heat, that is, of the Bloud and Spirits. And nothing is more beneficial than to call them back, becau&s;e of the harm of their running to the internals, which increa&s;es the inflammation and other affections of the Inwards, and the heat it &s;elf by its being pent in is the cau&s;e of its own extinction. Therefore we may not apply cold things to the Feet, le&s;t the burning heat be repelled inwards (for in colliqua|ting Fevers applications are be&s;t made to the Body between the Armholes and the Groin) it is well if you can keep them from being cold.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius,</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. When in Continual, yea in Malignant &s;evers, where a <HI>Delirium</HI> is imminent, or the Pati|ent cannot &s;leep, we apply Pla&s;ters to the Soles of the Feet, which are held to be applied for revul&s;ion &s;ake, truly here is a notorious fallacy of the Cau&s;e committed. For they are all hot things, which a|bound with their volatile Salts, and are of very thin parts, Pigeons cut open alive, pickled Herrings &s;plit, Hor&s;eradi&s;h, Leven with Salt, Mu&s;tard, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Hence, while in the &s;aid extreme parts of the Body both the venous and arterious Bloud, being burnt up with the febrile heat, is made heavy and dull, cannot freely circulate, the&s;e very things applied to the Soles of the Feet do attenuate, melt and put in fu&s;ion that fixt Bloud and <HI>Serum,</HI> by means of tho&s;e &s;ubtile and volatile Salts wherewith they abound, and &s;o by accident, while the free cir|culation of the bloud is procured in the Feet, and it cannot re&s;tagnate into the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> natural &s;leep creeps on.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. The u&s;e of Wine in this Fever &s;ometimes is very beneficial, for it is a great cordial, and very oppo&s;ite to Malignity: Yet it often does harm by increa&s;ing the feveri&s;h heat: Wherefore the con|&s;titution of the Patient, and Nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e, mu&s;t be well con&s;idered. If the Fever be &s;mall, the poi&s;onous quality inten&s;e, and the Patient Phleg|matick, mixt with water, it may be given &s;afely and &s;ucce&s;sfully: In a violent Fever, and a chole|rick Body Wine is de&s;tructive. I have by infinite experiences ob&s;erved the&s;e things, e&s;pecially in the purple Fever, which was at <HI>Mompelier, anno</HI> 1623. di&s;tingui&s;hable from the true Plague onely by the <HI>Bubo.</HI> For to tho&s;e Patients, who&s;e Pul&s;e was not very frequent, but like the Pul&s;e of a healthy man, their Tongue moi&s;t, and no thir&s;t, I gave Wine with good &s;ucce&s;s, and the relief thence emerging indi|cated the continuation of it, both becau&s;e the Fe|ver was not heightned by the u&s;e of it, and there was no thir&s;t nor drine&s;s of Tongue rai&s;ed: In what Patients the contraries were, I forbad them Wine altogether. Yet we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, never to give Wine in the fir&s;t days, le&s;t the crude matter be too much moved, but onely about the State, when the &s;igns of Malignity begin more fully to exert them|&s;elves.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. In the year 1623. after the Siege of <HI>Mompe|lier,</HI> a very Malignant fever raged for &s;everal months, of which half that were &s;ick died: and they pecu|liarly who had the <HI>Parotides</HI> (or &s;wellings of the Ker|nels behind the Ears, which came u&s;ually about the ninth or tenth day of the &s;ickne&s;s) did all die: And when I had &s;een &s;everal &s;uch, but could &s;ave none of them by any Alexipharmacks, I began to think that the <HI>Parotides</HI> mu&s;t needs be mortal, becau&s;e that part was not able to receive the whole morbifick matter, which remaining within, de&s;troys, and that Nature's work mu&s;t needs be a&s;&s;i&s;ted. And although the Patients had a &s;mall, frequent, and almo&s;t for|micating pul&s;e, &s;o that they &s;eemed to be in the ve|ry agony of Death, which u&s;ually &s;hortly followed: Yet revolving in my mind <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> his opinion, <HI>That many things are very well done in an extreme danger, which &s;hould otherwi&s;e be omitted, And that it is better to try a doubtfull Remedy</HI> in one or two, <HI>than to leave</HI> &s;o many <HI>&s;ick to peri&s;h,</HI> I pre&s;cribed Bleeding at &s;everal times, becau&s;e of weakne&s;s, twice or thrice on the &s;ame day, and a Purge the day following. By which means all who had tho&s;e Remedies admini&s;tred them, did happily e&s;cape,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and not one died after that. &para; I will not think much to tell what I am wont to doe, when Patients in Malignant fevers have the <HI>Parotides</HI> ari&s;e, becau&s;e I think many were &s;o &s;aved, who had otherwi&s;e peri&s;hed. A&s;&s;oon as they begin to ri&s;e, I anoint the part with &s;ome &s;uppling Oil, as that of Chamaemil, and if they are &s;low in coming out, I &s;et a Cupping-gla&s;s to the very place, le&s;t the ab&s;ce&s;s be too little, to doe any good: But when it is apparent enough, if it increa&s;e very much in a &s;hort time, I let bloud again, le&s;t it grow greater than can be indured: And then by and by I open the tumour, while it is yet hard, never tarrying for &s;uppuration, with a red hot knife; on one &s;ide, if the Swelling be but on one &s;ide; on both &s;ides, if the Swelling be on both, and I apply a &s;uppurating Catapla&s;m. For the mo&s;t part the bu&s;ine&s;s &s;ucceeds well, for the Swelling quickly putrefies when the E&s;char is made, and then Matter begins to run; and the head and other parts are purged by that Ori|fice. Nor let this &s;eem cruel to any man; for the glandulous part is but a ba&s;e one, and there|fore we may cut and burn it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> and fear to doe nei|ther.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. One was violently ill of a Purple fe|ver, in the year 1622. and was troubled with a vomiting of all potulent matter, a&s;&s;oon as it was drunk, retaining onely Broth: The Fever had ra|ged with cruel burning and thir&s;t for four days, which could be quenched by no drink: The in|wards were &s;o parched and burnt, that the Tongue was very black and dry. This &s;o grievous a &s;ymp|tome was removed by this &s;light Medicine: Take of Salt of Wormwood 1 &s;cruple, fre&s;h Juice of a Lemon 1 &s;poonfull; they were mixt in a &s;poon, and given pre&s;ently. The vomiting was &s;topt im|mediately, and from that time he drank as much as he would,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and never thenceforth ca&s;t it up a|gain.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Since the Hands and Feet, according to the motion of Nature or Circulation, abound more with the excrement of the third Concocti|on, than any other parts of the Limbs, who then is there that would not then think it credible, that in Fevers, and e&s;pecially in malignant ones, the humours are mo&s;t corrupted about the&s;e parts? And that it is not convenient for Phy&s;icians or by&s;tanders, to handle the hands of Per&s;ons in Ma|lignant fevers oftner than needs they mu&s;t, unle&s;s they are willing to be infected with the Contagi|on? Take this experiment of the matter from me; after I had &s;everal times felt the Pul&s;e of People in Malignant fevers, my hands began to itch, as if they had been &s;tung with Nettles, which, when I came home, I wa&s;hed, and lo, all on a &s;udden, my fingers were &s;trangely and incre|dibly &s;welled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pau<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> the &s;welling being quite gone with|in a quarter of an hour. &para; I here experienced
<PB N="204" REF="108"> the &s;ame, <HI>Anno</HI> 1669. when the &s;mall Pox were Epidemical: As my Wife (yet free from them) was &s;itting with a Noble Matron, &s;he took me a&s;ide pri|vately into another room to tell me &s;omething concerning the &s;tate of the Patient, but while &s;he was talking to me, I felt as it were Needles darted from her mouth into my face, and I ordered her to clean&s;e and wa&s;h her face, and to arm her &s;elf with Cordials, for prevention &s;ake, &s;o by God's a&s;&s;i&s;tence &s;he enjoyed the company of her intimate infected friend without any harm.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Peripneumonica,</HI> or, A Fever with an Inflammation of the Lungs. Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>TOwards the latter end of Winter, and begin|ning of Spring, there ari&s;es every Year a Fever, with a great many Peripneumonick Symp|toms. It &s;eizes full Bodied and gro&s;s men above all others, or tho&s;e that are arrived at, or (which happens oftner) are pa&s;t man age, and &s;uch as are more than ordinary addicted to &s;trong Li|quours, e&s;pecially Brandy. For when the Bloud in &s;uch men is loaden with pituitous humours, gathered in Winter time, and the &s;ame is upon the approach of Spring put into new motion, a Cough upon that occa&s;ion does now and then en|ter, by means whereof the &s;aid humours fall vi|olently upon the Lungs: at which time if per|chance the &s;ick party, living in no order, drink &s;till freely of &s;uch Spirituous Liquours, the mat|ter now growing thick, which cau&s;ed the Cough, both the pa&s;&s;ages of the Lungs are &s;topt, and the Fever &s;eizes the whole ma&s;s of Bloud. At the fir&s;t approach of the Fever the Patient is &s;ometimes hot, and &s;ometimes cold: He is vertiginous, he complains of a racking pain in his Head as often as the Cough troubles him. He vomits all he drinks, &s;ometimes without a Cough, and &s;ome|times with it. He makes a troubled Urine, and very red. His Bloud, when let, re&s;embles the Bloud of Pleuritick Per&s;ons. He is often out of breath, and draws it thick and &s;hort. If he be bid to cough, his Head akes, as if it were ready to &s;plit, (as the Patients u&s;ually expre&s;s it) and he has a great pain in his Brea&s;t, or the &s;traitne&s;s of his Lungs may be heard by them that are by whenever he coughs, the Lungs not &s;ufficiently dilating them&s;elves, and &s;o the vital pa&s;&s;ages be|ing &s;topt, as it &s;eems by their &s;welling; whereby the circulation being intercepted, there are, in full bodied People e&s;pecially, no &s;igns of a Fe|ver; though this al&s;o may happen, by rea&s;on of the plenty of pituitous matter, wherewith their Bloud being oppre&s;&s;ed cannot ari&s;e to a full ebul|lition.</P>
<P>In the cure of this Fever I think this is my bu|&s;ine&s;s, to make revul&s;ion of that Bloud by Phle|botomy, which is the cau&s;e of the &s;toppage and heat of the Lungs; to take off the ob&s;truction, and give air to the Lungs by pectoral Remedies; and to re&s;train the heat of the whole body by means of a cooling Diet. But &s;ince on the one <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">and the load of pituitous matter contained in the veins, which continually affords fewel to the In|flammation of the Lungs, &s;eems to indicate re|peated Bloud-letting; and &s;ince on the other hand the diligente&s;t ob&s;ervation that I could make, hath informed me, that Phlebotomy often repeated in Fevers proves very bad for them that are of a gro&s;s habit of Body, and this affrighted me as much from the repetition of it; I u&s;ed fre|quent purging in&s;tead of bloudletting, which is well enough &s;ub&s;tituted, in them that have an abhorrence of large and repeated bleeding. There|fore I proceeded thus, I ordered him to be bled in the Arm as he lay in Bed, and I would not &s;uffer him to ri&s;e for two or three hours; &s;eeing all taking away of bloud, which in &s;ome mea&s;ure &s;poils and de&s;troys the whole <HI>compages</HI> of the Bo|dy, may by this means more ea&s;ily be endured; &s;o that a Patient can bear it better, if ten ounces be taken from him in Bed, than if he lo&s;t but &s;ix or &s;even, after he is ri&s;en. The next day in the morning I give him the following Potion; Take of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> extracted 1 ounce, Liquori&s;h 2 drachms, fat figs <HI>No.</HI> 3. Leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> 2 drachms and an half, trochi&s;cated Agarick 1 drachm. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of water. In 4 ounces of the Colature di&s;&s;olve of <HI>Manna</HI> 1 ounce, Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive half an ounce. The day after I u&s;e to let Bloud a &s;econd time, and one day inter|mitted, I order the Cathartick Potion, now pre|&s;cribed, to be given again, and &s;o to be repeated by-turns, till the Patient perfectly recover. Tho&s;e days he does not purge, I advi&s;e him to u&s;e the pectoral Decoction, Oil of &s;weet Almonds, and &s;uch things. In the mean time I keep my Pati|ent from Fle&s;h, and Broth thereof, and e&s;peci|ally from all Spirituous Liquours whatever; in|&s;tead whereof I allow him Pti&s;ane of Barley and Liquori&s;h (and &s;mall Beer al&s;o, if he de&s;ire it,) for his ordinary drink.</P>
<P>And this indeed was the way to conquer this ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;ie, which aro&s;e from a pituitous matter gathered in the Bloud through Analogy with Winter, and di&s;charged into the Lungs; wherein not onely repeated Bleeding but Pur|ging al&s;o was indicated; otherwi&s;e than in a true Peripneumony, which I judge is clearly of the &s;ame nature with the Pleuri&s;ie, and differs from it onely in this, that a Peripneumony affects the Lungs more generally. Moreover we cure both Di&s;ea&s;es by a Method perfectly alike, that is, by Bleeding above all other things, and by cooling Medicines.</P>
<P>This ba&s;tard Peripneumony, though it be a lit|tle like a dry <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> both as to difficulty of brea|thing, and other Symptoms al&s;o, yet it may well enough be known from an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> becau&s;e in the Peripneumony manife&s;t &s;igns of a Fever and Inflammation &s;hew them&s;elves, which never appear in an <HI>A&s;thma;</HI> although they be le&s;s by much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and more ob&s;cure in this &s;ort than in a true Peripneumony.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="205" REF="108">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Pe&s;tilens, Pe&s;tis;</HI> or, A Pe&s;ti|lential Fever, the Plague.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Wherein the E&s;&s;ence of the Plague con&s;i&s;ts? <HI>I, II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Plague ought to be methodically cured by Bleeding, Purging, <HI>&amp;c? III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be proper in the cure? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be good, for pre&s;ervation from the Plague? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be opened in the cure? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly u&s;ed in hot Countries, and omitted in cold ones. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is a <HI>Bubo,</HI> a Vein mu&s;t not be opened. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Purge? <HI>IX, X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may purge in a <HI>Bubo. XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purges in the Plague mu&s;t be gentle. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they that are &s;ick of the Plague mu&s;t be Purg|ed? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit be proper? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit and condition of Evacuaters. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In private Pe&s;tilential fevers violent hot expul&s;ive Medicines are hurtfull. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom hot Chimical Medicines are hurtfull? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The We&s;tern <HI>Bezoar</HI>-Stone &s;hould be preferred before the Ea&s;tern. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bole Armenick be good in the Plague? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Treacle may be given? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of Spirit of Vitriol be &s;afe? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A true and proper Antidote is not yet found. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not tru&s;t to one Alexipharmack. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hidroticks mu&s;t be added to cooling Juleps. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of wiping off the Sweat, and the Regiment, when a Hidrotick is given. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hidroticks mu&s;t be given frequently. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cordials (which ought to be Acid) mu&s;t be varied. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Acids in its prevention and cure. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Garlick may be admitted for prevention. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Camphire mu&s;t be u&s;ed with caution. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spices are pernicious in the pre&s;ervation. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Narcoticks, and the way of giving them. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pre&s;ervatory method for a Phy&s;ician, that vi&s;its people in|fected with the Plague. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Although the Symptoms abate, the Patient is not out of dan|ger. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Cauteries in pre&s;ervation. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time they mu&s;t be put in u&s;e? <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellent u&s;e of Salt and Salt things in the pre&s;ervation and cure. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salt fi&s;h is good. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet. <HI>XXXIX, XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine may be given in a Pe&s;tilential fever. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Suppo&s;itory is to be preferred before a Cly&s;ter, if the body be co&s;tive. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The re&s;titution of the lo&s;t appetite, with what and when it mu&s;t be procured? <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t provide for our &s;afety by flying cautiou&s;ly. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The habit of a Phy&s;ician in the Plague-time. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the lodging of the infected per&s;on &s;hould be. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sydcnham</HI>'s way of curing the Plague. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks be good for watching and Head-ach. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Loo&s;ne&s;s we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Acids. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his method of curing the Plague. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of the Plague is performed with very few reme|dies. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits may be mixt with Hidroticks, and the&s;e with A|cids. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pe&s;tilential fever requires a cure contrary to other Fe|vers. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that have Swellings ari&s;e, without any other Symptome, no Phy&s;ick is requi&s;ite for them. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AS for what concerns the E&s;&s;ence of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, I do not undertake exactly to define it: But becau&s;e the ri&s;e of all &s;imilar Di&s;ea&s;es is u&s;ually derived from &s;ome fault of either the fir&s;t or &s;econd qualities (which is as far as we can go in this ob&s;cu|rity of things) I almo&s;t think that the Plague is a peculiar kind of Fever, which has its original from the Inflammation of the more &s;pirituous particles of the Bloud, becau&s;e, in their tenuity, they &s;eem mo&s;t proportionate and adequate to its mo&s;t &s;ubtile na|ture. Which, if it be in the highe&s;t &s;ubtilty where|of it is capable (as in the beginning and &s;tate of the Epidemick con&s;titution) it &s;uddenly, and before one is aware, di&s;&s;ipates the innate heat, and de&s;troys the Patient. The dead Bodies in the mean time, of tho&s;e that die &s;o &s;uddenly of the violence of this di|&s;ea&s;e, are all over be&s;et with purple &s;pots, becau&s;e the fibres of the Bloud are broken by the violence of the inte&s;tine conflict, and its frame wholly di&s;&s;ol|ved. And this Tragedy is acted by the extreme &s;ub|tilty of this flame, even without any febrile ebulli|tion of the bloud, or any precedent &s;en&s;e of other &s;ickne&s;s. Otherwi&s;e, than for the mo&s;t part it hap|pens, where the morbifick cau&s;e is not &s;o &s;ubtile, and does as it were &s;trike at life with a blunter weapon. But &s;uch &s;udden death &s;eldom occurs; For, as in other Fevers, cold and &s;haking for the mo&s;t part in|vades Men, and heat follows, and continues till the particles of the inflamed bloud be di&s;charged to the Emunctories, and be there turned into <HI>Pus,</HI> like com|mon Inflammations. Now, if the Inflammation be yet more remi&s;s, it u&s;ually produces Fevers, which they call Pe&s;tilential, as it often happens in the end of a Pe&s;tilential con&s;titution, till that &s;ort of Fevers wholly di&s;appear. But not onely the pre&s;ence of a Fever, but the colour of the bloud that is let, which is like pleuritick and rheumatick per&s;ons, does fa|vour this opinion; and the adu&s;t appearance of Car|buncles, not unlike the impre&s;&s;ion of an actual Py|rotick, as al&s;o the Buboes them&s;elves, which as con|&s;tantly follow the Inflammation, as any &s;ort of Tu|mours u&s;e to follow it, and as mo&s;t Inflammations terminate in an Ab&s;ce&s;s. Moreover, the &s;ea&s;on of the year, in which an epidemick Plague for the mo&s;t part ari&s;es, &s;eems to contribute its &s;hare to|ward this thing, for at the &s;ame time Pleuri&s;ies, Quin&s;eys, and other affections of an inflamed bloud are u&s;ually abroad.</P>
<P>But here &s;ome may inquire, If the Plague con&s;i&s;t in a certain Inflammation, How comes it to pa&s;s, that Medicines of a hotter rank, &s;uch as almo&s;t all Alexipharmacks are, are u&s;ed with &s;o great &s;ucce&s;s, both in the cure and prevention of it? To this I an&s;wer, that they onely give relief by accident, namely, by benefit of the Sweat, which they rai&s;e, whereby the inflamed particles of the Bloud are di&s;|per&s;ed and ca&s;t out. But if it happen, that when they are given, they be not able to move Sweat (as it often happens) pre&s;ently the burning of the bloud, more enraged by the additional heat, openly pro|claims their mi&s;chief. I know al&s;o, that hot Anti|dotes are every where cried up for Pre&s;ervatives, but with what advantage, remains yet to be proved. Yea Wine drank liberally, and other &s;tronger pre|&s;ervatives taken at &s;et hours every day, have ca&s;t &s;everal into this di&s;ea&s;e, who otherwi&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> in all like|lihood, had remained &s;afe and untouched.</P>
<P N="2">II. All the Symptoms ob&s;ervable in the Plague do either confirm or prove, that a lixivial Salt, and that a &s;harp and volatile one does offend. Now this mu&s;t be &s;hewn from Medicines, that are u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s, both for its prevention and cure. And whoever would gather any thing for certain from the Medicines that are u&s;ed, it is nece&s;&s;ary for him onely to con&s;ider Simples, or tho&s;e that are lea&s;t compounded. About nine years ago, when I every day vi&s;ited many that were &s;ick of the Plague, I took nothing but a &s;poonfull of Vinegar, &s;oaked up in the crumb of bread, for prevention &s;ake, and in the
<PB N="206" REF="109"> morning before I vi&s;ited my Patients. I u&s;ed this &s;ort of remedy for eight whole months, and I ne|ver after perceived any harm from the Infection for the whole time. But when this malady was by degrees removed, and I had left off taking of Vine|gar any longer, I found afterwards a little Head-ach come upon me, whenever I entred an Infected hou&s;e, although I knew it not, and feared nothing. I know indeed that very few can u&s;e Vinegar for &s;ome weeks, as I did, while &s;ome, by rea&s;on of their peculiar melancholick con&s;titution cannot per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of it for many days. Others u&s;e to com|mend a draught of Rheni&s;h-wine, or of old &s;tale Beer in the morning. I know there are not want|ing &s;ome who commend &s;imple Spirit of Wine, or Treacle-water, but I know it has done many harm, which cannot be &s;aid of Acids, at lea&s;t in reference to the Plague: <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> Spirit of Salt, Sul|phur, or Vitriol, taken in a little Beer, or Wine, is commended. Acid fruits are al&s;o commended, as Citrons, Oranges, Pomegranates, Corinths, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the &s;mell al&s;o of Vinegar in a Sponge is refre&s;hing, whether it be &s;imple Vinegar, or impregnated with &s;ome Spice, or Aromatick Plant. So that if a Man compare the mo&s;t effectual things for pre|vention of the Plague, he will find, that either all of them are Acids, or made up with Acids. Whence I think it is evident, that an Acid is not onely de|&s;ired again&s;t the Poi&s;on of the Plague, but that the Poi&s;on is e&s;pecially hit and re&s;i&s;ted by it. But for them, to whom mere Acids are trouble&s;ome and grievous, they may be mixt with Spirit of Wine. So by means thereof Spirit of Salt is &s;o allayed, that almo&s;t all its acidity is taken off, if one of them be often cohobated with the other, and yet it cea&s;es not to doe good in the Plague. It is requi|&s;ite therefore, that in this ca&s;e Medicines &s;hould be &s;o accommodated to every ones peculiar tempera|ment and con&s;titution, that no harm, but a great deal of good may accrew to them: To this purpo&s;e Medicines may be made up in divers ways and forms: To this purpo&s;e al&s;o hot crude Tartar, and the cream of it, as al&s;o <HI>Sal Tartari vitriolatum</HI> may be u&s;ed any way, in Broth, Wine, Beer, a Julep, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In one word, Acids do conduce, above all other things, to the prevention of the Plague, taken in a way mo&s;t accommodate to every ones particular nature. Since experience teaches, that, the&s;e things are very true, my Opinion is by this very thing con|firmed, That our Acid is re&s;i&s;ted by the Pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, to which, &s;ince nothing is ob&s;erved more contrary than lixivial Salt, the Poi&s;on may de&s;erved|ly be reckoned to con&s;i&s;t in a lixivial Salt: But be|cau&s;e it is a &s;wift and very efficacious Poi&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> there|fore I judge, the &s;ame con&s;i&s;ts in a volatile and &s;harp Salt.</P>
<P N="3">III. whether the method of curing a Pe&s;tilential putrid Fever require both Evacuations before or af|ter the u&s;e of an Alexipharmack, and whether Eva|cuations &s;hould be fir&s;t? Since the&s;e two que&s;tions have that coherence, that one of them cannot well be parted from the other, let them be decided to|gether. It is evident, that not onely a Plethory, and a Cacochymie, but rather the very greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e does indicate and require both Bleed|ing and Purging: But every Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;aid to be great or &s;mall on a threefold account, either be|cau&s;e of the excellence of the part afflicted, or of the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e, which the violence of the Symptoms doth &s;hew, or of its malignity or vi|rulence. But &s;ince a Pe&s;tilential fever fir&s;t annoys the heart, it partaking of a Poi&s;onous Contagion, and rages with horrible Symptoms, a <HI>delirium, Bubo</HI> and Carbuncle, it ought not onely to be called great, but the greate&s;t of great Di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;eems to require both Evacuations. But this precept of &s;acred <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> holds not perpetually in the cure of all great Sickne&s;&s;es: For if one be in|toxicated with a poi&s;onous Animal, or outwardly with a poi&s;oned weapon, then <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Democrates</HI> judge there is a two-fold indication, either by eva|cuating the poi&s;on, or by altering; But they deter|mine, that the evacuation mu&s;t not be by Purging or Bleeding, but by help of &s;uch Medicines as by their heating faculty may draw and get out the poi|&s;on, as Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, Cauteries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the other indication for the Method of curing Poi&s;ons, con&s;i&s;ts in Alteration, by Medicines, which either in quality, or in their whole &s;ub&s;tance, are oppo&s;ite to the poi&s;on. It is my advice, that we e&s;pecially ob&s;erve the&s;e two ways of curing virulent Di&s;ea|&s;es and poi&s;ons, while we cure Pe&s;tilential fevers: Becau&s;e, &s;eeing all Poi&s;on, of its own genuine pro|perty, does fir&s;t of all affect the heart, the Hou&s;e and Fountain of life, and then is on a &s;udden di&s;|per&s;ed through all the Bowels and habit of the Bo|dy; What is more nece&s;&s;ary than that you &s;hould fir&s;t of all give a&s;&s;i&s;tence and relief to the heart by tho&s;e Alexipharmacks, which either in their quality or whole &s;ub&s;tance, re&s;i&s;t the de&s;tructive poi&s;on of the Plague? But if a <HI>Bubo</HI> break out in the Groin, an Impo&s;thume in the Arm-pits, or a <HI>Parotis</HI> behind the Ears, about the Emunctories of the Brain, Heart or Liver, or in the mean time a Carbuncle bud out in the Arms or Legs, then as in poi&s;onous wounds, you mu&s;t ha&s;tily apply Medicines to the place af|fected, which may draw out the venome, and &s;ca|rifie the Ab&s;ce&s;s before maturation, or open or burn it with an actual or potential Cautery, if the Patient fear fire, which by their heating and burn|ing virtue, not onely attract noxious humours, but al&s;o often open gatherings made by them. But whether be&s;ide the&s;e things the noxious humours of this Di&s;ea&s;e be to be evacuated by Bleeding or Purging, is not yet determined. But &s;eeing the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e is mixt with the Bloud in the Veins, What hinders, but that after ten or twelve hours, from the taking of the Alexipharmack, and when the Sweat is ended, and the Spirits refre&s;hed, we may breathe a Vein in the &s;ame &s;ide, in &s;ome proper place, under the ab&s;ce&s;s, or Carbuncle, age and &s;trength concurring, &s;eeing Phlebotomy not onely draws out the infected humours, but al&s;o o|pens ob&s;tructions, and abates the heat of the Fe|ver? Nor need you fear the revul&s;ion of the hu|mours inwards, when the Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es are covered with &s;trong attractive Medicines, which re&s;i&s;t re|vul&s;ion. Wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Paul</HI> advi&s;e, to begin the cure of a Carbuncle with Bleeding till one &s;woon, yet exclu&s;ively, which I do not di&s;approve. But whether &s;trong Purges in the cure of this Fe|ver be &s;o convenient, I cannot ea&s;ily &s;ay; becau&s;e they do but the more di&s;turb the noxious humours, and di&s;per&s;e them through the whole Body, and draw them again inwards, and wa&s;te the &s;trength; and they participate al&s;o of a poi&s;onous quality, and u&s;e very often to cau&s;e a Bloudy-flux and Loo&s;ne&s;s, which is u&s;ually otherwi&s;e peculiar to this Fever, and for the mo&s;t part is a mortal &s;ymptome, where|with all that were taken in the long Plague of <HI>Rome,</HI> who could not be helped by Bole Armenick, died, as <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>Epidem</HI> relates: But if the ob&s;tructed Bel|ly do not void it Excrements, who will di&s;&s;wade the u&s;e of a lenient Cly&s;ter? And if the Di&s;ea&s;e have pa&s;&s;ed the &s;tate, that the reliques of the Di&s;ea&s;e may be extirpated, a Purgative Medicine of Rheubarb, Agarick, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Tamarinds, <HI>Manna,</HI> can doe no harm; as tho&s;e &s;trong ones, <HI>Diagridium, Coloquintida,</HI> &amp;c. &s;ee|ing they &s;avour of Poi&s;on, can do no good. I have cured &s;everal, who were given over for dead, in this Plague, by this method. If before the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e one went little or not at all to &s;tool, then I procured one by a Suppo&s;itory, or a gentle Cly&s;ter; afterwards I gave a Sudorifick Alexiphar|mack, which, according to the age and &s;trength might provoke Sweat for two or three hours or more: I applied Epithems to the Heart; And if an Ab&s;ce&s;s or Carbuncle aro&s;e, I pre&s;ently applied Pla|&s;ters,
<PB N="207" REF="109"> to draw out the Poi&s;on; Then about &s;ix or &s;even hours after Sweating, but the &s;trength fir&s;t refre&s;hed by &s;ome Broth, I opened &s;ome convenient Vein: But every day after the taking of the Alexi|pharmack, both morning and evening I gave &s;ome alterative Potage, which might, both in quality and whole &s;ub&s;tance, re&s;i&s;t the poi&s;on of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and al&s;o &s;trengthen the Heart, &s;uch as are made with juice of Lemons, Citrons, Oranges, Sorel and Wood-Sorel, with a little Vinegar and Sugar. And in the declen&s;ion of the di&s;ea&s;e, if the appetite were languid, I fir&s;t Purged the Bloud from the reliques of the Contagion by Medicine, that the Body might &s;afely be nouri&s;hed; La&s;t of all I or|dered the Chirurgeons not to ha&s;ten the healing of the Sore or Carbuncle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Langi|us, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 18.</NOTE> and I charged the Cooks to give the Patient his proper Meat and Drink at the time pre&s;cribed. By which way of cure a va&s;t number of &s;ick people recovered. &para; Hence it is evident, they are under a mi&s;take, who being con|tent with Alexitericks onely, do give them to eve|ry Age, without method, relying onely on Experi|ence; And that all method &s;hould not be rejected, &s;eeing a Pe&s;tilential fever has not onely one Indica|tion of Cure, but two or three: For the Fever re|quires cooling; the Putrefaction requires alterati|on, evacuation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Men are of quite different opinions, whether Bleeding be convenient, in the cure of Pe&s;tilential fevers, &s;ome approving, others di&s;approving the opening of a Vein in the Plague. But neither opi|nion taken &s;imply is reckoned &s;afe by <HI>Peter Salius:</HI> for he finds in either what he may de&s;ervedly di&s;ap|prove. They that judge we mu&s;t proceed onely by Alexipharmacks in the cure of a Pe&s;tilential fe|ver, wholly rejecting Bloud-letting; they, he &s;ays, have regard onely to the pernitious quality; but they &s;light the putrefaction (or fermentation ra|ther) of which neverthele&s;s, in &s;uch ca&s;es, mo&s;t rec|koning &s;hould be made, for except you remove it, the Fever, which is putrid, cannot be removed; and you will &s;carce be able to cure this, unle&s;s you abate the quantity, that cau&s;es and upholds ob&s;truc|tions, and which is grievous to Nature. Wherefore we mu&s;t indeed give Antidotes, to infringe the ba&s;e infection; yet we mu&s;t likewi&s;e doe our endeavour to take away the Putrefaction, who&s;e cau&s;e we &s;hall then try to remove, when we &s;hall attempt e|ventilation by exonerating Nature, and dimini&s;hing the matter. But their opinion, &s;ays he, who have admitted and commended Bleeding in a Pe&s;tilential fever, I am afraid has been broached to the de&s;truc|tion of Mankind: For he reckons this to be an Axi|ome of eternal verity, <HI>That a Vein &s;hould never be brea|thed upon the account of a Pe&s;tilential Affection;</HI> Or, <HI>Bloud-letting mu&s;t by no means be admitted in a Pe&s;tilential fever.</HI> But &s;eeing, &s;ometimes Nature mu&s;t be ea&s;ed of her Burthen, and the body mu&s;t have vent, he &s;hews ano|ther way be&s;ides cutting a Vein, whereby we may &s;atisfie this Indication without lo&s;s of &s;trength, that is, by application of Leeches to the Haemorrhoid Veins, or by &s;carifying of the lower parts. I in|deed think, that opening a Vein in a genuine and &s;imple Plague, is for the mo&s;t part hurtfull; be|cau&s;e, by frequent experience, it is oftner found to doe hurt than good in Pe&s;tilential fevers; and I judge that tho&s;e remedies that are in&s;tead of Venae|&s;ection, may more properly be u&s;ed in the &s;imple Plague; But I do not wholly di&s;allow Venae&s;ecti|on it &s;elf in the Plague joined with a Fever, or in Pe&s;tilential fevers them&s;elves. For when the body is plethorick, and the &s;trength is oppre&s;&s;ed, or the lo&s;s thereof is imminent from the plenty of bloud, or when a Fever is joined with the Plague, or a Pe&s;tilential fever it &s;elf afflicts a Man, &s;ome|times a Vein mu&s;t be opened, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e that are u&s;ed to it, when nothing in its &s;tead &s;eems to &s;uffice, but it mu&s;t be in the beginning, by and by after Alexipharmacks are given, and when their operation is onely over. And here I fully approve of <HI>J. Palmarius</HI> his advice, <HI>cap.</HI> 23. Where he thus determines about bleeding, In a Plague which is complicated with a putrid con&s;titution, where there are the Head-ach, want of Sleep, To&s;&s;ing, Thir&s;t, a dry Tongue, an ill Pul&s;e, great Heat about the Heart, and other Symptoms proceeding from the heat and putrefaction of the humours. If the Veins be turgid with plenty of humours, bloud ought to be let, more or le&s;s, as the fullne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els, Age, the Sea&s;on of the year, the habit of the Body, and the violence of the Symptoms will bear; So the &s;trength be good, and the Phy&s;ician be called in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and it be taken away in much le&s;&s;er quantity than in other Fevers. And ac|cording to the &s;ame <HI>Palmarius,</HI> the bloud mu&s;t be ta|ken from the Foot or Leg, if a Bubo be protube|rant in the groin, or in any part below the Loins; But in the Arm, if in the Jaws, or Arm-pits, or in any other part above the Kidneys, or even in the Loins them&s;elves, and that always on the &s;ame &s;ide. As it is well advi&s;ed by the &s;ame party, that we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from bloud-letting, whenever a Pe&s;ti|lential fever affrights us with lowne&s;s of &s;trength or fainting: Be&s;ides, whatever &s;imple and legitimate Plagues do &s;hew no &s;igns of putrefaction in the U|rine, or in other excrements (as tho&s;e which have no Fever joined with them) the&s;e, <HI>Palmarius</HI> being judge, abhor bloud-letting, how cruel &s;oever the Symptoms be. In the Plague therefore,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Deu&s;in|gius, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>de Pe&s;te cap.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> as the Plague, bleeding does no good: But as there is im|minent danger from the quantity of bloud, while &s;trength is good, and other circum&s;tances do not hin|der, it mu&s;t be dimini&s;hed.</P>
<P N="5">V. Whether in the time of a Pe&s;tilential fever, bleeding be proper for pre&s;ervation? Almo&s;t all Writers &s;hew, that a Plethory <HI>quoad vires</HI> (becau&s;e this is it, from whence there is imminent danger of corruption) mu&s;t be taken away by bleeding. But this opinion is not convenient always, and in every place. But it may be of u&s;e with this di|&s;tinction. In a whol&s;ome Air, in Spring and Au|tumn it may be admitted; but not in the mid&s;t of Summer or Winter, nor in very hot or cold Coun|treys, or Con&s;titutions: On this hand the body is too much cooled, on the other hand too much &s;pent, and it is not then &s;afe to evacuate &s;ound bo|dies. If the &s;tate of the Air be pe&s;tilent, bloud-letting mu&s;t never be practi&s;ed, becau&s;e of this ple|nitude; for it very much exhau&s;ts the Spirits, and &s;tirs the humours; and the in&s;pired Air more ea&s;ily impre&s;&s;es its pe&s;tilent action; and the Di&s;ea&s;e, if it come, is conquered with more difficulty, becau&s;e the &s;trength is &s;pent by bloud-letting. For as when Men have drunk poi&s;on after bleeding, it more ea&s;ily penetrates, and is more difficultly over|come; In like manner, they that are well, who ad|mit of bleeding in a pe&s;tilential Air, more ea&s;ily receive the bad quality of the Air, are wor&s;e, and e&s;cape with more difficulty. Be&s;ides, &s;uch a <HI>Pletho|ra</HI> may ea&s;ily be exhau&s;ted by a more &s;pare and thin diet, by loo&s;ening things, and clean&s;ers of the bloud. But they that have taught, that when bloud abounds, a Vein mu&s;t be breathed, were either mi&s;|taken, if they &s;pake of this plenitude; or they were &s;uperfluous, if their di&s;cour&s;e was of plenty of good bloud: Both becau&s;e a pe&s;tilential fever does not impend from this, and becau&s;e it is good to abound in bloud, becau&s;e Life depends e&s;pecially on it. Which if it &s;o redound, as to di&s;tend the Ve&s;&s;els, although bleeding be proper, yet it is not our ca&s;e, becau&s;e hereon, not a pe&s;tilential fever, but bur|&s;ting of the Ve&s;&s;els, extinction of the native heat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> does u&s;ually follow. And although a Plethory <HI>quoad vires</HI> in a pe&s;tilential Air, be not to be taken away by bleeding, yet con&s;idering the cau&s;es here|of, we &s;ometimes admit &s;ome diminutions of it, as if it be &s;uperfluous on account of the Diet, or of &s;ome evacuation uppre&s;&s;ed. For this rea&s;on in Wo|men
<PB N="208" REF="110"> I commend bleeding in the lower Veins, which becau&s;e it &s;pends the &s;trength le&s;s than in the up|per Veins, it may, without any impending danger, both relieve nature, and provoke the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI> I &s;ay the &s;ame of them that have the haemorrhoids &s;topt, or any accu&s;tomed haemorrhage &s;uppre&s;&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pet. Salius Diver&s;u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> c. <HI>20.</HI> lin. de Feb. P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t.</NOTE> To which evacuations neverthele&s;s, I &s;hould never de&s;|cend, without a new and urgent indication. &para; Al|though letting of bloud do not draw out the In|fection, yet, I confe&s;s, in curing and preventing a putrid pe&s;tilential fever, it does a great deal of good, if it be &s;ea&s;onably u&s;ed; but in a contagious one, which is cau&s;ed by in&s;piration of the &s;emina|ry, &s;eeing all hopes of &s;afety con&s;i&s;ts in pre&s;erving the &s;trength, we mu&s;t con&s;ider again and again, le&s;t any thing be done ra&s;hly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and without rea&s;on.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> advi&s;es, not to bleed in the cure, but to &s;carifie the Legs; which, according to <HI>Alpinus,</HI> is cu&s;tomary with the <HI>Aegyptians,</HI> where the Plague is commonly endemical. This may well be done, when we would make a general evacuation, for the bloud will run out plenteou&s;ly (among&s;t them, the fle&s;hy part of the three Mu&s;cles of the calf of the Leg is cut with a Razour, in a &s;treight line; 4 or 5 pretty deep wounds are inflicted, and they have a care that they do not clo&s;e for a long time, &s;o the filthy corruption is di&s;charged.) And that place is &s;o far from the heart, that it is not &s;o &s;en|&s;ible of this injury. This al&s;o may very well be done, if a Carbuncle fix near the region of the heart, and if you think bloud ought to be let, but if it &s;eize other parts remote from the heart, the next place to the Swelling mu&s;t be bled. If Carbuncles or <HI>Buboes</HI> appear in the Groin, the lower Veins are opened. If one appear in the Neck, a Vein in the Forehead mu&s;t be cut, or the Veins in the No&s;e mu&s;t be opened: Or the Jugulars mu&s;t be opened, or one under the Tongue, and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be &s;et to the Arms, and the Neck deeply &s;carified. From the fore&s;aid rea&s;ons (yet tru&s;t experience) I dur&s;t almo&s;t infer this Maxim, A Malignant Tumour a|ri&s;ing of it &s;elf, if it precede a pe&s;tilential fever, does, in its beginning, and while the &s;trength is good, admit of large bloud-letting in the Vein next it, that the poi&s;onous matter may be exhau&s;ted, and the fear of a future Fever prevented. But yet, if the Stool or Urine have no &s;ign of putrefaction, a Vein mu&s;t not be breathed, though the Symptoms be urgent. But if this Impo&s;thume follow the pe|&s;tilential fever, Phlebotomy will doe hurt. There|fore, before there is a pe&s;tilential fever, we may bleed. Yet &s;eeing the Plague comes from contagi|on,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rnius,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">de j<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ribu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> becau&s;e of the poi&s;onous putrefaction already conceived, I &s;hould think we &s;hould ab&s;tain from bloud-letting.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Bleeding is very prejudicial to them that are &s;ick of the Plague; and it is very dangerous al&s;o for them that would be pre&s;erved from it. The poi&s;on often lurks, for &s;ome days, weeks, or months, in the body, out of the Ve&s;&s;els, before it &s;hew it &s;elf by the u&s;e of Medicines that &s;tir the bloud. But if by Venae&s;ection you draw it to the heart, it behoves you to inquire, whether or no the di|minution of the bloud, &s;pirits and &s;trength, through your means, be not the cau&s;e why the Heart is &s;uf|focated, and is not able to cha&s;e away its enemy. Phy&s;icians indeed, who de&s;erve credit, and are well ver&s;ed in their art, do &s;ay, that cautious bleeding, and celebrated at the beginning, has ever been the chief of Antipe&s;tilential means. But they that in the&s;e cold Countries imitated them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P Barbet<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e, <HI>de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;te, p.</HI> 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">3.</NOTE> &s;oon left it off; yea, our Countrey Phy&s;icians are now wholly &s;ilent as to bleeding.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Circulation of the bloud tells us, that all poi&s;onous and bad humours, which are either thrown off by Nature it &s;elf, or come from abroad, &s;hould immediately, at the very fir&s;t moment, be drawn out from the Glandules, and the Skin it &s;elf, by means of attractive Medicines, le&s;t that in the &s;pace of a &s;mall time all the bloud be infected, and the heart it &s;elf be oppre&s;&s;ed, and &s;uffer violence. This may &s;ufficiently &s;hew, how dangerous it is to breathe a Vein, and Purge the body in a Pe&s;tilential and Venereal <HI>Bubo,</HI> yea, and in all venemous wounds; on the contrary, how nece&s;&s;ary it is to draw out the peccant matter by the help of &s;udorifick and at|tractive Medicines;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> And therefore that the doctrine of the Circulation of the bloud is of great u&s;e in the Art of Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Purging in a Pe&s;tilential fever is &s;u&s;pected, both becau&s;e of the lowne&s;s of &s;trength, and becau&s;e a Loo&s;ne&s;s, and that a colliquating one, quickly hap|pens. But we mu&s;t note that it is not always &s;o. But when it is, whether it be colliquating, or be|cau&s;e nature attempts to di&s;charge the peccant matter, Phy&s;icians are not of one opinion: For the mo&s;t indeed think, Purgatives may be given, but &s;uch as leave an a&s;triction behind them. Others judge otherwi&s;e, and aright, for &s;ince in this ca&s;e it is either the humours them&s;elves, or the &s;olid parts, that are colliquated, the colliquated matter does not require vacuation by Medicine, &s;eeing Nature di&s;charges it of her &s;elf; nor is it indicated by what is to be colliquated, &s;ince &s;uch evacuation &s;hould rather be &s;topt: nor yet as if I thought it &s;hould be &s;topt by A&s;tringents, becau&s;e if it be alto|gether bad, it would doe more harm kept than void|ed, but I &s;hould recommend it to Nature, while the Phy&s;ician oppo&s;es the cau&s;es of colliquation. But if the flux be not Colliquative, but Nature onely at|tempts the excretion of the peccant matter by &s;tool, then it will either be Symptomatick, and the matter crude and bad; or critical, and the matter concocted. If Symptomatical, it will either be mo|derate, or too much, from whence lo&s;s of &s;trength may be feared. If moderate, it mu&s;t neither be promoted nor hindred, for there is no cure of Sym|ptoms, by them&s;elves. If too much, it mu&s;t be &s;top|ped with &s;uch things as re&s;pect the peccant matter, and the pre&s;ent Di&s;ea&s;e. But in Pe&s;tilential fevers, wherein the Belly is not loo&s;e, &s;ome would Purge, others not. Of them that would, &s;ome pre&s;ently in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, others not till the matter is concocted. They that doe it in the begin|ning, &s;ome doe it in the matter turgid, others when it is quiet. Again, &s;ome u&s;e gentle Purges, others violent. They that purge in the beginning, when the matter is quiet, fear le&s;t it become turgid, and &s;eize &s;ome principal part: They confirm it from <HI>Galen,</HI> 5 <HI>method.</HI> 12. Who writes, that they who reco|vered of the Pe&s;tilence, which was abroad in his time, &s;ome of them vomited, all of them were loo&s;e. They add, that a <HI>cri&s;is</HI> mu&s;t not be tarried for, which comes in the &s;tate or declen&s;ion; for, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 2 <HI>Aphor.</HI> 13. &s;ays, Mo&s;t <HI>cri&s;es</HI> end in a recovery, unle&s;s the &s;tate of the Air be pe&s;tilential. They produce al&s;o the experiments of them, who, in long Pe&s;tilen|ces have recovered Men innumerable, by giving &s;trong Purges in the Beginning and Encrea&s;e. They that think Men ought not to Purge, are per&s;waded thereto, becau&s;e immediately at the very beginning, there is a great decay of &s;trength; and becau&s;e Col|liquation is joined with it, or an internal Inflam|mation, in which a Purge does a great deal of harm. Therefore the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;icians, Greeks and Arabians, do not mention one word of Purging. O|thers add, that all the motion of the matter is to the skin, and mu&s;t not be drawn inward. In this diffi|culty we would fir&s;t of all ob&s;erve this, that there is a manifold difference in the&s;e Fevers. The fir&s;t is taken from the form; for one Pe&s;tilential Fever is &s;imple, another mixt. The &s;imple one is that which without the Putrefaction of other humours, has its ri&s;e from &s;ome poi&s;onous putrid matter: The mixt, when other humours al&s;o do putrefy. The &s;econd from the &s;ubject, for the poi&s;onous quality is either in the &s;pirits, whence comes a pe|&s;tilential <HI>Ephemera;</HI> or in the Humours, and it is hu|moral;
<PB N="209" REF="110"> or in the &s;olid parts, and it is Hectick. The third is from the matter; for the poi&s;onous quali|ty may re&s;ide, either in choler, phlegm, melancho|ly, or bloud, and they keep the periods of tho&s;e hu|mours. The fourth is from the place of the mat|ter, whence &s;ome are continual, others intermit|tent: The matter of the Continual, &s;ome is in the Veins, other in &s;ome determinate part: For, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> we have Malignant fevers from the Brain being affected; And &s;uch al&s;o as come from the Membranes containing the Brain, and from the Lungs and Heart. The fifth from the de|gree of putrefaction and venemous contagion, &s;ince in mo&s;t Fevers there is much putrefaction, and but little poi&s;onous contagion, in &s;ome on the contrary: In &s;ome both are great, in &s;ome, both are little. The &s;ixth is from the Symptoms, for &s;ome are quiet, &s;o that they &s;hew not them&s;elves at all; others make the Patients very re&s;tle&s;s, e&s;pecially inwardly: Some are colliquating the Belly, others abounding in U|rine: Some are with Spots, others without. The&s;e things granted, we &s;ay, 1. We mu&s;t not purge in a Pe&s;tilential <HI>Ephemera,</HI> and Hectick, unle&s;s there be a great Cacochymie, with fear, le&s;t the Infection &s;hould &s;pread thither. 2. We affirm, that all matter is not tur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">id, for we &s;ee it almo&s;t always remain fixt in the heart, or about the heart, or &s;ome other place. 3. This is true, where the humours are tainted with the Infection, as they commonly are, that the pa&s;&s;ages and matter mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be pre|pared with that concoction, whereof they are capa|ble: which we mu&s;t needs &s;ay, happens in tho&s;e wherein the Patients recover; becau&s;e no di&s;ea&s;e can end without &s;igns of Concoction. 4. Seeing the &s;pirits either pre&s;ently, or in a little while, &s;ink, in this &s;ort of Fevers, it is clear, that we mu&s;t u&s;e gentle Phy&s;ick, ab&s;taining from all which &s;a|vours of poi&s;on, and u&s;e &s;uch as is well corrected. But if there were burning, or an Inflammation in|wardly, with chilne&s;s of the extreme parts, purging would be dangerous: But before it come to that coldne&s;s, purging is allowed by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de vict. acut.</HI> as is &s;een in the beginning of a Pleuri&s;ie, and peripneumony: Unle&s;s the Inflammation were in the natural parts, as the Stomach, Liver, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in which parts, notwith&s;tanding &s;ome gentle purging is permitted, onely to evacuate the parts near the Inflammation. But that the motion of the matter is always towards the skin, as &s;ome &s;ay, is fal&s;e: For from the hi&s;tory of the Pe&s;tilence in <HI>Galen</HI>'s time, we &s;ee the matter crept &s;ometimes to the Stomach, whence came Vomiting; &s;ometimes to the Guts, whence came a Loo&s;ne&s;s; yea, we have &s;een it come down to the Groin, whence proceed <HI>Buboes;</HI> &s;ometimes it has gone to the Brain, and cau&s;ed pu|trid Lethargies, <HI>Coma</HI>'s, Melancholy; &s;ometimes it has gone to the Heart, and Swooning has follow|ed; &s;ometimes &s;udden Drop&s;ies have been bred. Whence it is manife&s;t, that it is very good to eva|cuate the matter, le&s;t it tend to &s;ome noble parts. Hence in <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Pe&s;tilence, 3 <HI>Epid.</HI> 3. <HI>t.</HI> 80. we reade, how Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es cured &s;everal. Nor does it hinder, becau&s;e the Infection is poi&s;onous; for we know that <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> and the Ancients general|ly purged in curing poi&s;ons. And <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, we mu&s;t purge the &s;ame day in acute Di&s;ea&s;es, if the matter be turgid, and it is turgid, when it is rea|dy to pa&s;s out, and has no firm inclination to any one part: But in a pe&s;tilential fever, for the mo&s;t part the matter abides in one certain place, and is neither ready for excretion, nor ha&s;tens to pa&s;s out. So <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 2. <HI>tract.</HI> 9. and el&s;ewhere, &s;ays, that it went ill with them, that had a Loo&s;ne&s;s in the beginning; but that they who had one in the &s;tate, recovered. But as for <HI>cri&s;es,</HI> which, accor|ding to <HI>Galen,</HI> they &s;ay, fall out ill in &s;uch &s;ort of fevers, and therefore &s;hould be prevented by vacu|ation; in the beginning it is nothing, becau&s;e they would fall out wor&s;e, if the crude matter were mo+ved by a Purge; e&s;pecially when good <HI>cri&s;es</HI> would &s;ometimes follow. Therefore we may &s;ay, that we may purge in a pe&s;tilential fever, becau&s;e, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, we mu&s;t purge in every great Di&s;ea&s;e, if the &s;trength and other things permit. But this Di&s;ea&s;e is a great one, in its own nature violent,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">us, l. 9. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> 7.</NOTE> po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing and oppo&s;ing a principal part, that is the heart, and malignant.</P>
<P N="10">X. Concerning Purging, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve this; that the &s;eminary of the Plague (to u&s;e <HI>Crato</HI>'s words) can be ca&s;t out by no Purgative, unle&s;s there be a great commotion made in nature, which is done with danger enough: for, although it may &s;o be; that nature, irritated by &s;trong Medicines; &s;uch as are made of Antimony and Mercury, may throw the vitious humours out of the body, and &s;o ca&s;t out that poi&s;on which po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es them, and the Patients may be cured thereby, yet this is done by accident in &s;trong bodies: But the purge it &s;elf is not primarily oppo&s;ed to the pe&s;tilential poi&s;on; therefore &s;uch purges doe often harm, and by put|ting the Humours in motion, do cau&s;e dangerous and deadly Vomitings and Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es. Wherefore there is more hope in Alexipharmacks e&s;pecially, than in Purges, which if they be rightly u&s;ed, there is oftentimes no need of Purges. Therefore two things &s;hould be well con&s;idered. Fir&s;t, The con&s;titution of the Body &s;hould be carefully con&s;i|dered; and how the Patient does after he has ta|ken his antidote, and what &s;ort of Fever comes up|on the Plague: For if the body be pure, and there be no fear of a putrid Fever, Alexipharmacks alone are &s;ufficient, and we mu&s;t doe our utmo&s;t endea|vour, that the pe&s;tilential poi&s;on may be ca&s;t out to the habit of the body, as it has often been found, that Men have been delivered from the Plague by one large Sweat. But if the body be cacochy|mick, and the &s;ame danger in a manner may be feared from a putrid Fever, as from the Plague, af|ter the taking an Alexipharmack, it would not be ami&s;s to give a Purge, that &s;ome part of the matter that would conceive putrefaction, and increa&s;e the Fever, may be &s;ubtracted, to the end Nature may with more ea&s;e conquer the re&s;t; Then we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether the Plague that is abroad, have its ri&s;e more from the fault of the Air or Contagi|on, or whether it do not rather depend upon &s;ome inward fault in the humours, as it happens after &s;car|city of provi&s;ions. If the former, there is no need of purging, but Alexipharmacks are &s;ufficient, un|le&s;s perhaps the Plague happen upon a very caco|chymick body; for then &s;ometimes purging is not unprofitable; although it be not on the &s;core of the Plague, but onely of the putrid Fever, that would follow. If the latter, it is not onely u&s;efull, but nece&s;&s;ary to purge: For if bodies be full of bad and corrupt humours, they mu&s;t be purged, le&s;t they be inflamed by other Medicines, or the poi&s;on grow &s;tronger by the corrupt humours, and di&s;&s;eminate it &s;elf farther, or le&s;t tho&s;e copious humours being &s;tirred, &s;hould run to &s;ome noble part, and cau&s;e there a deadly Inflammation, and by all means le&s;t a dangerous putrid fever &s;hould be kindled. Where|fore, if Purging be omitted, although the &s;trength of the Pe&s;tilential poi&s;on be broken by Alexiphar|macks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senner<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s</NOTE> this Ail does often degenerate into a Di&s;ea&s;e no le&s;s dangerous. &para; Vomits and Purges do not evacuate &s;o univer&s;ally as Diaphoreticks, and by concentring the malignant matter they often draw it in, and fix it to the Bowels.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Though many and &s;trong rea&s;ons may be brought, why a purging Medicine &s;hould not be gi|ven in a Pe&s;tilential <HI>Bubo,</HI> yet becau&s;e it is nece&s;|&s;ary, that we attribute much to experiments, e&s;pe|cially in dangerous di&s;ea&s;es, and in &s;uch wherein Art cannot be exerci&s;ed; therefore in the&s;e it is nece&s;&s;ary that we tru&s;t experiments. Wherefore I will begin with other Mens experiments, and after|wards produce my own. We have many, who at|te&s;t
<PB N="210" REF="111"> they have u&s;ed Purges with good &s;ucce&s;s, and I am &s;wayed with this &s;ort of common opinion. And I know that <HI>James Carpen&s;is,</HI> the Chirurgeon, was of &s;o great authority at <HI>Bologna, Ferrara</HI> and <HI>Reggio,</HI> and in my own Countrey, that he &s;urpa&s;&s;ed all o|ther <HI>Italians</HI> of his time; and he, in the univer&s;al Plague of <HI>Europe,</HI> from the year 27 to 31 cured all that he took in hand. And I know he gave a mo&s;t violent purging Medicine in the beginning and in|crea&s;e, when the Di&s;ea&s;e was not in the declination. Be&s;ides this, I have al&s;o another Experiment of <HI>Gen|tilis, in</HI> 4. <HI>Canon. Fen.</HI> 1. in which place &s;peaking of gi|ving purging Medicines in the Plague, he &s;ays, that the Phy&s;icians in his time u&s;ed &s;cammoniate and the &s;tronge&s;t Medicines, with very good &s;ucce&s;s, and many were cured. The authority of <HI>Avenzoar</HI> is &s;ubjoined, who, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>Thei&s;ir. Tract.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 4. gives a purging Medicine, containing a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> than which there is nothing &s;tronger in heating and drying; for it is inten&s;ely hot and dry in the fourth degree. And <HI>Gentilis</HI> him&s;elf atte&s;ts the &s;ame. I can therefore, upon the authority of the&s;e Learned men, atte&s;t that a Purge may be given in the Plague, but I can add my own Expe|rience, which I may better tru&s;t. In the Plague of the la&s;t year 55, I gave a Purge above 30 times, and I &s;aw few dye. The mo&s;t of them had good &s;ucce&s;s, if &s;o be the Medicine brought away a good quantity of humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabriel Fal|lopius.</NOTE> for if a &s;mall or no quantity came away, the &s;ucce&s;s was bad.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Purging requires a &s;econd <HI>Argus,</HI> for as in this malignant Di&s;ea&s;e it is not very proper, &s;o in benign ones it is &s;ometimes very nece&s;&s;ary. But it is not every one that can di&s;tingui&s;h the&s;e aright. Be&s;ides al&s;o we find, that we may not give &s;o &s;trong Medicines, when the Plague is abroad, as when it is not abroad: for be&s;ides that the body it &s;elf can|not bear &s;o &s;trong Medicines, they very ea&s;ily pro|cure a dy&s;entery.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbet<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. I dur&s;t never give a Purge to them that were &s;ick of the Plague before the fourteenth day, and till the Fever and the re&s;t of the Symptoms aba|ted. There are &s;ome that give one during the up|puration of the Carbuncle, or before the <HI>Bubo</HI> is cured; but, whatever Antipe&s;tilentials are mixt with it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> never follow their example.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Experience confirms that a Vomit is good in the Plague, when this epidemick Di&s;ea&s;e follows a famine. Wherefore oftentimes the things that are given to &s;weat in the beginning, by rea&s;on of the Cacochymie of the fir&s;t ways, u&s;ually provoke Vo|mit: which the u&s;e of <HI>Pulvis Saxonicus</HI> greatly con|firms, which mu&s;t be &s;o long repeated, till the Sto|mach be rid of the load of had humours by vomi|ting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 23.</NOTE> &para; One that had the third part of the City committed to him, which was afflicted with the Plague, cured almo&s;t all his Patients with a Vomit made of 2 drachms of any Vitriol, 2 ounces of Ho|ney, and 6 ounces of common Water mixt toge|ther, which he gave immediately as &s;oon as any &s;igns appeared of the Di&s;ea&s;e being imminent or pre&s;ent: So that not above 10 or 12 died in his parts;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> whereas few e&s;caped in the other parts.</P>
<P N="15">XV. The Medicines for Cure of the Plague are either evacuating or alexiterick. The intention of the former is, that the &s;erous in the Bloud, and the excrementitious humours that abound in the Bowels may be di&s;charged, and together with them many particles of the poi&s;onous infection di&s;|per&s;ed every where in the Body. But both the&s;e Vomits and Purges, who&s;e u&s;e is more rare, and onely in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and Dia|phoreticks, which are indicated by the Plague at all times, if &s;o be the Body can bear them, for the&s;e indeed evacuate more fully and from the whole body at once, and al&s;o by exagitating the Bloud, keep it from coagulation; and &s;eeing they move from the centre to the circumference, they drive the poi&s;onous ferments, and the corruption of the humours and bloud far from the Heart, and force the Enemy out of his Camp: And the&s;e Me|dicines, whether they work by Purge or Sweat, mu&s;t be &s;uch as have Particles of the &s;ame nature, rather with the poi&s;onous infection, than with our bloud and &s;pirits. For &s;uch a Medicine pa&s;|&s;es through the divers windings and turnings of our Body, with its &s;trength whole and untouched, and becau&s;e of the &s;imilitude of them both, will more certainly take hold of the virulent matter of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and will by a mutual adhe&s;ion of parts, drag it out along wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h them what way irri|tated Nature leads. Wherefore Medicines whe|ther Cathartick or Sudorifick, which are made of <HI>Mercury,</HI> Antimony, Gold, Sulphur, Vitriol, Ar&s;e|nick and the like, are commended above all others, which &s;eeing they are not at all &s;ubdued or conque|red by our Heat, they will become very good Re|medies again&s;t the poi&s;on of the Plague. For they not onely powerfully evacuate what is &s;uperfluous, but when they exert their very &s;trong and unta|med particles, and diffu&s;e them all over the Body, they di&s;&s;ipate this way and that the growing fer|ments of the Poi&s;on, and hinder them from matu|ration; And &s;ince the Remedies them&s;elves, in&s;u|perable by nature, mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be di&s;charged by &s;ome open pa&s;&s;ages of the Body, they carry out along with them whatever extraneous or ho&s;tile thing comes in their way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. Malignant fevers, although they be de|&s;tructive to many, yet they are &s;o long private, till the Putrefaction have got the degree of Malignity, that a morbid expiration flies out, and they &s;o become contagious: And this degree is not any mere Putrefaction, but rather a &s;ub&s;tantial Corrup|tion, which the Seminary of the Contagion follows, which comes not from Putrefaction <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lone, but from a Malignant quality, wholly adver&s;e to Nature, and therefore, unle&s;s it be &s;uddenly removed, it re|moves the Man. Therefore in the&s;e Fevers we mu&s;t have a care not pre&s;ently to u&s;e violent hot expul|&s;ive things, &s;uch as are given in truly pe&s;tilential ones, proceeding from in&s;piration, which are cu|red by &s;weat and tran&s;piration, when expul&s;ion a|lone, and opening the pa&s;&s;ages, and &s;trengthning the Heart is &s;ufficient, and &s;uch things as re&s;i&s;t pu|trefaction, unle&s;s Nature disburthen her &s;elf by brea|kings out, in which ca&s;e expul&s;ive things, but not &s;trong ones, are proper. Therefore Phy&s;icians commit a great error who do not at all di&s;tingui&s;h between private and publick contagious and not contagious Di&s;ea&s;es; &s;o that of a private pe&s;tilenti|al Di&s;ea&s;e, a publick is often made, by their unskil|fulne&s;s who increa&s;e the Putrefaction, and weaken Nature by &s;trong Medicines (for private Pe&s;tilen|tial fevers do then become contagious, when the Putrefaction is arrived at that degree, as to have a morbid expiration, in its whole &s;ub&s;tance, as a poi&s;on de&s;tructive to humane kind.) Certainly when Nature expells nothing in the Di&s;ea&s;e, nor Swellings nor Spots appear, how &s;hall the Phy&s;ician, Nature's &s;ervant, dare any &s;uch thing, and pre&s;ently fly to drivers out and Sudorificks (to &s;ay nothing of hot Medicines) in the cure? Whereby oftentimes in them that are not infected with a pe&s;tilential Semi|nary, the humours fly to the Head, whence come <HI>Deliria,</HI> increa&s;e of the Fever, and diminution of the &s;trength of Nature, which alone cures Di&s;ea&s;es. And although oftentimes from this cau&s;e Spots ap|pear, it does not therefore follow that they come from infection. Although when the &s;ea&s;on is truly pe&s;tilential, and there are Seminaries in the Air, all Di&s;ea&s;es contract malignity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. I ob&s;erved in the Pe&s;t at <HI>Berne</HI> which was abroad <HI>anno</HI> 1629. that E&s;&s;ences, Waters, Elixirs, and very hot Medicines of fal&s;e Chymi&s;ts did harm to many, if not all (that it was my fortune to &s;ee) and did but very few good: For by them the bo|dies of our People, who feed on fle&s;h, fare high
<PB N="211" REF="111"> and live idly (and therefore are either plethorick or cacochymick) were rendred very fit to receive the poi&s;on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hilda|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I have &s;everal times experienced <HI>Bezoar</HI> &s;tone to be mo&s;t excellent both in my &s;elf and other &s;ick people. It is two fold, Oriental and Occiden|tal: That is preferred, if it were genuine; for it is u&s;ually &s;o artificially adulterated, that the cheat can &s;carce be known. Wherefore I am more wil|ling to u&s;e the Occidental, becau&s;e it cannot &s;o ea|&s;ily be adulterated as the Oriental: For &s;eeing it con&s;i&s;ts of many &s;hells or &s;cales, I cannot &s;ee how Art can ea&s;ily imitate Nature. When I and my Wife were la&s;t Summer taken with the Plague, I u&s;ed the Occidental with good &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is que&s;tioned whether Bole Armenick be good for the Plague? If we had <HI>Galen</HI>'s Bole, which he &s;o highly commends, for drying without a&s;tricti|on, I &s;hould count nothing better: But this of ours (which all Learned men do now agree is red Ochre) dries with A&s;triction. Wherefore le&s;t a dangerous Errour &s;hould be committed, I think it be&s;t to ab|&s;tain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus, <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 116.</NOTE> We may in&s;tead of it u&s;e burnt Hart's|horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="20">XX. I &s;ay Treacle is very convenient with this di&s;tinction. The Pe&s;tilential fever either offends more in a manife&s;t quality, I mean in Heat, than in an occult, that is, a poi&s;onous one. It is indi|cated by great Thir&s;t, a dry, rough and black Tongue, Heat &s;ometimes apparent to the Touch, (for the&s;e Fevers are often gentle to the Touch) then I u&s;e to deny Treacle. Or, it afflicts the &s;ick more with a poi&s;onous than a hot vapour, which may be di&s;cerned by the ab&s;ence of the fore&s;aid Symptoms, and the pre&s;ence of &s;ome Symptoms which &s;avour of Poi&s;on. Then I give Treacle with great &s;ucce&s;s. Or thirdly, the poi&s;onous and hot qualities are equally joined, which I know when the accidents &s;avour of Heat and Poi&s;on alike, and then I pre&s;cribe Treacle, but corrected with Con|&s;erve of Ro&s;es, Violets, the acid of Citron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> What I have &s;aid of Treacle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus, <HI>Re&s;pon&s;.</HI> 4.</NOTE> I would have the &s;ame under&s;tood of Mithridate. &para; In that many mix Treacle with Frankincen&s;e, I cannot commend them, becau&s;e the Head is often oppre&s;&s;ed, therefore the matter mu&s;t be diverted from that part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. The u&s;e of Spirit of Vitriol is rejected by <HI>Johannes Bapti&s;ta Sylvaticus,</HI> fir&s;t, becau&s;e Vitriol, accor|ding to <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> is of a corroding and &s;ceptick quality, but &s;uch a Medicine is not &s;afe in a pernicious Di&s;ea&s;e. I an&s;wer, That all things are not competible to the Spirit, which are &s;o to the Vitriol. All that is drawn from a thing does not retain the nature of the primigenial &s;ub&s;tance, therefore it cannot po&s;&s;e&s;s the &s;ame qualities: Ma|ny parts of the Vitriol are &s;eparated from the &s;pi|rit in preparation: The Spirit alone has a corro|ding quality, but not when mixt with other things, this is common to it with Vinegar, Juice of Le|mons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Mineral Waters have their virtue from Vitriol, yet they are beneficially drunk. Second|ly, The frequent u&s;e of them is &s;u&s;pected, which is otherwi&s;e nece&s;&s;ary to conquer &s;o great a Di&s;|ea&s;e. I an&s;wer, There is no danger, if it be mixt with convenient liquours. Thirdly, It will create Nature a Trouble, and divert her from her work, becau&s;e it is an efficacious Medicine in a &s;mall quan|tity. I an&s;wer, It will hinder no more than the Phy&s;ician, while he re&s;i&s;ts the Cacochymie with Me|dicines. Fourthly, Phy&s;icians &s;ay, It is exceeding hot. I an&s;wer, The Heat is corrected, when its A|toms are &s;eparated by the mixture with another li|quour, in &s;uch a proportion, that an hundred A|toms of Water are intermixt with ten or twelve of Spirit. Fifthly, <HI>Galen,</HI> 10. <HI>Method.</HI> &s;u&s;pects the u&s;e of Vitriolate waters in Putrid fevers, becau&s;e applied to the Skin, they cau&s;e an A&s;triction of the Pores, and impart Heat to the Body. I an&s;wer, he rejects their external u&s;e, becau&s;e Tran&s;pirati|on is hindred by them. Sixthly, There are other &s;afer Medicines, which re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction. I an|&s;wer, it is a &s;afe Medicine, taken in a ju&s;t mea&s;ure and with judgment. There are infinite Witne&s;&s;es of its benefit, few &s;ay, it does harm. It is not yet made appear that there are &s;afer Medicines. Se|venthly, The exce&s;&s;ive A&s;triction, which is found in the Vitriol, is found al&s;o in the Oil, but A&s;trin|gents are hurtfull in Fevers. I an&s;wer, It is not &s;o great as to doe <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">urt, there &s;eems rather none to be in it. But all Acids do not bind, but attenuate, deterge, and open ob&s;tructions: However, grant it do bind, there is no danger from thence, becau&s;e the attenuating, cutting and deob&s;tructive parts prevail. Eighthly, although it re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, open Ob&s;tructions, and cau&s;e plentifull Sweat, yet it is not proper in Pe&s;tilential fevers, becau&s;e it acts not &s;afely, &s;eeing by its Acrimony it increa&s;es the Fever and does violence to Nature. I an&s;wer, I deny a noxious &s;udorifick virtue joined with its heat and attenuative virtue; it is not u&s;ed as an Hy|drotick, but as a Re&s;i&s;ter of Putrefaction; nor does it hurt in heat, if it be well diluted. Ninthly, the Mine is uncertain, from whence the Spirit &s;hould be drawn, and Chymi&s;ts do not agree which they ought to chu&s;e. I an&s;wer, They do agree, that the <HI>Go&s;larian</HI> is proper, but that the factitious, which is made of <HI>Mars</HI> or <HI>Venus,</HI> is more noble, and that the <HI>Hungarian</HI> is mo&s;t noble. Tenthly, there is a di&s;agreement among them about its form; &s;ome call it Oil, others Spirit, and others Water or Phlegm. I an&s;wer, This di&s;tinction is known to skilfull Spagyri&s;ts: The Oil is for the mo&s;t part thicker, nor need any danger here be feared. E|leventhly, the preparation renders it a dubious Medicine; for it is either drawn without addition, or it has &s;omething mixt with it, &s;o that we know not whence the effect comes. I an&s;wer,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ius.</HI> l. de Sebr. c. ult.</NOTE> It makes no matter, whether it be &s;ubjected to <HI>Vulcan</HI>'s trial with other things or alone.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. He that contends, there is no <HI>Alexiterium</HI> for a pe&s;tilential poi&s;on, overthrows the Principles of natural Philo&s;ophy, from which it is evident that all things are made of contraries by contraries, and that the vici&s;&s;itude and in&s;tability of humane matters does depend on the repugnance and di&s;a|greement of principles. Since therefore the pecu|liar Remedy for the Plague, and the proper Alexi|terick of the poi&s;onous Bane, does yet lye hid in Nature's Womb, we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity flye to the common Alexitericks for Poi&s;ons, and to Cordials.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Palmarius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Although it be certain that one Remedy has given relief in &s;ome one pe&s;tilential con&s;titu|tion, yet it has been found to be u&s;ele&s;s in another; which mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to the diver&s;ity of the pe&s;ti|lential poi&s;on. Therefore &s;ome have likened it well enough &s;ometimes to the Nature of a Viper, Hemlock, Monk&s;hood, and &s;ometimes to the na|ture of the A&s;p. See <HI>Quercetan. in Pe&s;tis Alexicaco. Sen|nertus</HI> &s;ays this is very u&s;efull, to perform the Cure aright. Hence perhaps, the &s;pecifick Remedy be|ing unknown, &s;o many hundreds of Men dye, when onely the vulgar Antidotes, Treacle, Mithridate, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are given: that is, the &s;pecifick nature of the Plague not being known, before &s;everal have died. Therefore we mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t on one Remedy, but they mu&s;t be varied, till a certain and &s;pecifick one be made manife&s;t.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Juleps are very nece&s;&s;ary, yet we may not u&s;e them every where and always: I never pre|&s;cribed them without adding Sudorificks, which the &s;equel will declare, and this is the &s;afe&s;t way: For if the Patient u&s;e a &s;imple cooling Potion, when the Sweat runs plentifully, both the Sweat often returns inwards, and the Poi&s;on is communicated to the Heart, whence at length Death follows.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbett<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. The Sweat as it runs mu&s;t be wiped off with a warm linen Cloth, and &s;uch another linen Cloth mu&s;t be put to the Brea&s;t: for I have hither|to
<PB N="212" REF="112"> ob&s;erved, that Shirts, and other Linen, is never changed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> but with great harm, yet its exce&s;&s;ive moi&s;tne&s;s &s;ometimes compells us. &para; Let the Pati|ent, when he has taken this Medicine, compo&s;e him|&s;elf in bed to promote a Sweat, covering him&s;elf moderately, that is, with &s;o many Clothes, as he can bear, without tumbling. After half an hour, if neither Sweat, Vomiting nor a Stool follow, let him take &s;ome Broth, or Beer, or Wine warm, and let this be repeated ever and anon, till you find &s;ome evacuation or other follow, and that &s;uf|ficiently. But if after an hour or two none follow, nothing hinders to give the Patient a new Medicine, nay, upon urgent hazard, a third. For this you mu&s;t take notice of, that unle&s;s after taking a Medicine, whether &s;udorifick or vomitory, either Sweat, or Vomiting or Purging do follow, or the Anxiety of the Heart be removed, or at lea&s;t dimini&s;hed, the Patient is in very great danger: for it is a &s;ign, that there is a Pe&s;tilential poi&s;on either copious or very volatile, or very &s;harp in the Body, wherefore there is little hope. But, on the contrary, if there be Excretion either upwards or downwards, or at lea&s;t plentifull Sweat, and the Anxiety of Heart and Loathing abate, and the Pul&s;e grows grea|ter and &s;tronger, we may hope well of a happy Cure: And that it may be ha&s;tned, both during the Sweat and when it is ended, Cordials, mixtures con&s;i&s;ting chiefly of Acids, may be given the Pa|tients by &s;poonfulls, at &s;hort Intervals; to the end the Acid that is de&s;troyed in them, may be re&s;tored, and that its con&s;i&s;tence may be kept or re&s;tored to the Bloud, without which it is not po&s;&s;ible for any man to remain long alive. And &s;till as long as any &s;ign of the yet urgent Plague remains in the Patient, &s;o long you mu&s;t per&s;i&s;t in Medicines, that fix a volatile Salt, temper a &s;harp one, and re|&s;tore the Acid, le&s;t the Poi&s;on, neglected and left to it &s;elf, recruit its &s;trength, and &s;urprize the too &s;ecure Patient unawares, and take him off. Cer|tainly by this way and method I have &s;ucce&s;sfully cured many Patients: But when it was neglected, I have &s;een many peri&s;h, and oftentimes the wil|full and carele&s;s, although I admoni&s;hed them in vain, and &s;o &s;atisfied my own Con&s;cience.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Sudorificks mu&s;t be taken twice at lea&s;t every day; yea, it will doe a great deal of good to u&s;e them thrice in 24 hours time. There are found &s;ome who in the &s;pace of 6 hours give a new Sudo|rifick, with great &s;ucce&s;s. Nor is there any rea&s;on &s;lightly to de&s;i&s;t from the practice of the&s;e Phy&s;ici|ans, although the Patient cry, he is well: for in a &s;hort time it will appear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the Di&s;ea&s;e has cheated you both. &para; Who cau&s;es not a Sweat four times or oftner in 24 hours in tho&s;e that are taken with the Plague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">finc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us.</NOTE> truly he will doe but little good.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Diaphoreticks and Cordials, e&s;pecially Acids, are in this ca&s;e highly nece&s;&s;ary, mo&s;t cer|tain, and therefore are the be&s;t, for they bring con&s;i&s;tence to the bloud, expell malignity, di&s;&s;olve phlegm, in the &s;tomach and guts, temper bile, the cau&s;e of many mi&s;chiefs. Neverthele&s;s the vari|ety of the Di&s;ea&s;e and its &s;ymptoms require them to be variou&s;ly changed, becau&s;e otherwi&s;e they would not perform what they are able to perform in an acute Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Seeing the Pe&s;tilential poi&s;on &s;hould not onely be expelled, but moreover, does upon the ac|count of its volatility and lixivial acrimony, indi|cate its alteration and correction, that is, its fixati|on and contemperation, we are not without rea&s;on &s;olicitous about the matter of the Remedy indica|ted, and which e&s;pecially fixes the volatile Salt, and contempers the &s;harp. And I &s;carce know any &s;uch among Vegetables which are able to doe it, nor among Animals, &s;o that we are forced to have recour&s;e to Minerals as to our la&s;t refuge: Among which, it may be, Tartar is one, or rather its di|&s;tilled Oil, but becau&s;e of its foetidne&s;s, and &s;eve|ral other rea&s;ons, it cannot conveniently be made u&s;e of. But among Minerals Salt-petre or Nitre can doe much towards the fixing of Volatile Salts: for who knows not that Ar&s;enick, Orpiment, Anti|mony and &s;uch like things, con&s;i&s;ting of a volatile Salt, are fixt by the benefit of Nitre, as well crude, as fir&s;t changed into an acid &s;pirit? It may therefore be u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s in the Plague. But the mo&s;t excellent thing, and which is wor|thy of a farther &s;earch, is mineral Sulphur, and that fir&s;t fixed by Art, who&s;e excellency and effica|cy in fixing a volatile Salt few have ob&s;erved. And I commend it to all men, and I advi&s;e them to learn to prepare the be&s;t, out of any &s;ubject whatever: for they will have a mo&s;t gratefull and excellent Medicine in the Plague, and in very many other Di&s;|ea&s;es, not onely fit to fix a volatile Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Syl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius de l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> B e.</NOTE> but al&s;o to temper the &s;ame, when it is too &s;harp.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Whether Garlick be convenient in the Pe&s;tilence for prevention and cure? As for preven|tion, if any one be accu&s;tomed to it in health, without doubt it ought not to be left off, for it were a piece of imprudence to leave off a cu&s;tome in a pe&s;tilential con&s;titution, becau&s;e it is not law|full then to give an occa&s;ion of being &s;ick. But if he be one who &s;ometimes u&s;es Garlick and &s;ome|times not, and neither finds his Head ake, nor him|&s;elf hotter than ordinary after the u&s;e of it, it may be allowed him, I think, as he u&s;ed it otherwi&s;e, e&s;pecially in Winter time. Reapers may &s;erve for an in&s;tance, who eat it with bread in the heat of Summer, that they may be the le&s;s offended by the heats; and &s;weat the le&s;s, for they better with|&s;tand it, who u&s;e Garlick, than they who ab&s;tain. Moreover it defends mens bodies from external Cold, and renders them le&s;s obnoxious to it. It performs this not by its quality alone, but as it &s;trengthens the innate heat, &s;o that the body after|wards is overcome with more difficulty by any cau&s;e whatever. But they who have not u&s;ed Garlick; it is not &s;afe for them to begin to accu&s;tome them|&s;elves to it in a pe&s;tilential con&s;titution, as neither it is for them that are of a hot con&s;titution, of a thin habit of body, Children, weak People, and they who&s;e bodies ea&s;ily wa&s;te: but they that are of a gro&s;s habit of body, of a cold con&s;titution, and difficultly wa&s;te by tran&s;piration, I think, they may obtain their de&s;ire in Wintertime. Be&s;ides, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> 4. <HI>de</HI> 1. <HI>Vict.</HI> it ex|cellently pre&s;erves a man from &s;urfeiting; and how much this di&s;po&s;es mens bodies for any external im|pre&s;&s;ion, the ill habits declare, which ari&s;e from thence. Then <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> a&s;&s;igns great advantages to Garlick again&s;t the change of Water, both for prevention and cure. Moreover, we know by long experience, that Garlick &s;trengthens the natural heat, rai&s;es an appetite, &s;harpens concoction and the re&s;t of the natural Actions, and does not &s;uffer the meat to corrupt; And Bodies &s;uffer the quite Contraries to the&s;e things from the Plague; there|fore, for the &s;aid Rea&s;ons, we may give Garlick with meat to him that is &s;ick of the Plague. But if you con&s;ider it is drying, as <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> writes, and that in the Pe&s;tilential fever there is a bad humour in the &s;tomach, whereby all its actions are corrup|ted, e&s;pecially that whereby meat is concocted, and that whereby it is retained, will you there|fore reject it, becau&s;e it heats more than it ought? By no means, becau&s;e the Patients &s;uffer le&s;s harm from the addition of heat, than of the pe&s;tilential putrefaction. Be&s;ides, the Heat is not in the ear|thy part of the Garlick, as the heat of a bitter thing, but it is in the watry part, which pre&s;ent|ly is di&s;&s;olved into the habit of the body, pa&s;&s;ing immediately from the inner to the outer parts, a thing which does not a little good in a pe&s;tilential Fever. You will object, that <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>de v. acut.</HI> &s;ays, that Garlick breeds Wind, Heat in the Brea&s;t, Head-ach, and Loathing of meat; But <HI>Galen</HI> a&s;&s;erts
<PB N="213" REF="112"> the contrary, being taught by experience; nay, he &s;ays, it cures the Head-ach, if it be given after e|vacuation. Therefore I advi&s;e all that are &s;ick of a pe&s;tilential Fever as a mo&s;t whol&s;ome thing, to mix Garlick with their meat, that by its drying, and &s;trengthning the natural Heat, it may re&s;i&s;t the deadly prevailing corruption; and that it may di&s;|charge what is corrupted by the way of Urine, or by its violent motion to the circumferential parts, as well as for the&s;e of the Symptoms in the Sto|mach, vomiting and loathing meat, yet &s;till ob&s;er|ving cu&s;tome, and the violence of the febrile heat, according to the age, complexion, and &s;ea&s;on of the year. Nor mu&s;t it pre&s;ently be rejected becau&s;e of &s;ome contrary quality: for <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, It is dif|ficult to find any thing that does greatly profit with|out hurt. And, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, the heat of Gar|lick vani&s;hes in boiling; wherefore he that would u&s;e it whole, let him boil it with meat without any other Preparation; if one would break it, let it lye a day in Infu&s;ion in Vinegar or Juice of Sorrel. Be&s;ides, they &s;ay, Garlick drives away fear, which very much afflicts and wa&s;ts the &s;pirits of &s;uch as are &s;eized with a pe&s;tilential Fever.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Where there is great pain of the Head or Stomach, and the Patients do not &s;leep, Cam|phire mu&s;t be u&s;ed cautiou&s;ly: Otherwi&s;e this is as it were the Vehicle of other Medicines, and makes them penetrate all over the Body and oppo&s;e them|&s;elves to the pe&s;tilential poi&s;on: yet a great quanti|ty of it is needle&s;s, two or three grains may be &s;uf|ficient.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Let Ro&s;e or Rue Vinegar be &s;melled to, or let Citron rind be held in the mouth: For they who for pre&s;ervation would guard them&s;elves with Zedoary and Cloves, doe them&s;elves a great deal of hurt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. I know this, that <HI>Opium</HI> has a &s;pecial virtue again&s;t the Plague; Wild-night-&s;hade te&s;ti|fies this,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ge&s;nerus. <HI>Ep.</HI> 34.</NOTE> which is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy in the Murrain of Hogs, as <HI>Tragus</HI> writes, and, it has the virtue of <HI>Opium.</HI> &para; I judge <HI>Opium</HI> &s;hould not be ad|ded unle&s;s to the hotte&s;t Antidotes, but &s;uch they commonly are, which are given in the Cure of the Plague; for, to omit other things which take <HI>Opi|um</HI> expre&s;ly into them, the noble <HI>Pulvis Saxonicus,</HI> good again&s;t Poi&s;ons, has the fruit and leaves of Herb <HI>Paris,</HI> that is, the <HI>Aconitum primum Fu&s;chii,</HI> which cools no-le&s;s &s;trenuou&s;ly than <HI>Opium;</HI> And this An|tidote, as I hear from experienced per&s;ons, does abundance of good in the Plague. And <HI>Electuarium de ovo</HI> has <HI>Nux vomica</HI> in it, to which I find cold in the fourth degree attributed, notwith&s;tanding I am as yet doubtfull.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; It is wonderfull al&s;o that the&s;e things, how bitter &s;oever, yet are not at all cold, as the <HI>Cocculi Levantici.</HI> This al&s;o is wonderfull, that the&s;e exceeding cold things &s;hould cau&s;e Sweat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as I have often ob&s;erved. &para; But &s;eeing di&s;tilled Re|medies &s;eem to be preferred by me, becau&s;e they &s;ooner penetrate; and in the Plague there is need of quick penetration; Yet I would not mix &s;opori|ferous things, as <HI>Opium</HI> and the like, with other di|&s;tilled things; both becau&s;e I would not have them penetrate to the Heart, and becau&s;e &s;uch things di&s;tilled &s;eem to me to be made wor&s;e, and more hurtfull to our nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but not hot things.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In the year 1645. the Plague (though not a cruel one) was abroad: And Dr. <HI>Henry Sayer,</HI> when others refu&s;ed the charge, did boldly vi&s;it a|ny that were &s;ick; he gave them Medicines every day, he handled with his own hand <HI>Buboes</HI> and viru|lent Ulcers, and he cured &s;everal &s;ick people. That he might guard him&s;elf from the Contagion, before he went to any infected hou&s;es he onely u&s;ed to drink a good draught of generous Wine, then when he had fini&s;hed his perambulation, about the very thre&s;hold of Death, he u&s;ed to repeat the &s;ame Antidote. But within a &s;hort time, being &s;o bold as to lye in the &s;ame bed with a certain Captain (who&s;e company he intirely loved) who was taken with the Plague, nor then did the&s;e Arts profit their Ma&s;ter, which had been of &s;o great advan|tage to all other men, but he died of that Di&s;ea&s;e, much lamented of all that lived thereabout. About others, that were infected with the Plague, his me|thod of Cure was u&s;ually this; If Spots or <HI>Buboes</HI> appeared not, till after he was called, for the mo&s;t part he gave a Vomit, the Pre&s;cript of which was of infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum,</HI> with &s;ometimes white Vitriol, &s;ometimes <HI>Roman.</HI> When the Vomiting was over, he ordered them immediately to be ca&s;t into a Sweat by Diaphoreticks; and afterwards the Sweat to be continued till the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, allowing &s;ome intervals for gathering of &s;trength: But if the Tokens appeared before he was called to his Patients, he let Vomiting alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> and in&s;i&s;ted onely on Sudorificks.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. If in any Di&s;ea&s;e, certainly in the Plague, a mo&s;t acute and very deceitfull Di&s;ea&s;e, and a malignant one, we ought to have an exact care of the &s;ick, and not think, as &s;oon as the more trouble&s;ome and &s;en&s;ible &s;ymptoms &s;eem a little a|bated, that the Di&s;ea&s;e likewi&s;e is cured; for if it be left to it &s;elf, and &s;o neglected, it undermines and &s;urprizes the Patient unawares. Therefore I would &s;eriou&s;ly advi&s;e all Phy&s;icians, not ea&s;ily to tru&s;t the Plague, however &s;ome Symptome that was formerly trouble&s;ome to the Patient, &s;eem to be removed; for there is always a Snake in the gra&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sy<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">vius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> which daily kills the unwary before they think of it.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Cauteries doe excellently well for pre|vention, and many Clinicks by benefit of them re|main untouched, and handle them that are infec|ted with the Plague without harm. But in the Cure we reject them, becau&s;e, before they give any relief, which is after the tenth day, the Pati|ents are carried off by the violence of the Plague.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heu nius.</NOTE> &para; I commend after the cu&s;tomary Purging of the whole body, to them that are very cacochymick, the burning of the Legs or Arms with a red hot Iron, that the bad humours may con&s;tantly be di|verted from the Bowels. And practice has taught us, that they are rendred the &s;afe&s;t from the Plague, who&s;e <HI>&s;crotum</HI> has been run through with a <HI>Seton.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">bertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> &para; <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 12. writes, that in a certain pe&s;tilence of his time, all they e&s;caped, who&s;e bo|dies were full of Sores. <HI>Mercurialis</HI> te&s;tifies, that he never &s;aw a man dye of the Plague who had a Cautery. They are therefore reckoned u&s;efull by <HI>Ma&s;&s;arias, Mercurialis, Nicolaus Florentinus, and Fabritius Hildanus,</HI> made either in the Arms or Legs, that the <HI>ichor</HI> may continually run out by them. But the application mu&s;t by no means be deferred &s;o long, till the Plague increa&s;e and gain &s;trength, for other|wi&s;e there were fear, le&s;t the Ulcer &s;hould con|ceive Malignity and Inflammation. Therefore it is advi&s;able to apply them in the beginning of the Plague. But to what place? Some will have them made in the Calf of the Leg, for &s;o they think, the humours are evacuated downwards, and a greater revul&s;ion is made: Others will have them made in the Arms, becau&s;e then they are nearer the Heart, to which the Pe&s;tilence is an open enemy, and therefore a better derivation of the humours. <HI>Pa|raeus, l.</HI> 21. <HI>c.</HI> 2. decides the Controver&s;ie. Men mu&s;t at the very fir&s;t moment take away by the purging and bleeding the humours that are apt to conceive the &s;eeds of Putrefaction and the Plague. They mu&s;t &s;uffer two Ulcers to be made in them&s;elves, as outlets of the excrementitious humours, which are dayly bread, One in the right Arm, a little below the <HI>Epomis</HI> mu&s;cle, The other, three inches below the Knee, on the out&s;ide of the left Leg.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Herculanus</HI> is reckoned the fir&s;t of all men who thought fit to apply Cauteries in time of the Plague: Yet this Remedy &s;eems to be taken from the veterinary Art: For <HI>Columella,</HI> to keep
<PB N="214" REF="113"> the Murrain and Contagion from Cows, orders their Ears to be boared with a piece of <HI>Con&s;iligo</HI>-root, a &s;ort of Hellebore: Which is ob&s;erved by Cattle-keepers to this very day. But as to the time, they mu&s;t not be deferred till the Plague increa&s;e and get &s;trength: for then the Chirurgeon might fear le&s;t the Ulcer might become malignant and infla|med, which many Learned Phy&s;icians do atte&s;t oft|times to be true. Therefore it were more advi&s;e|able, to apply them when the Plague begins to ap|pear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glandorpi|us.</NOTE> and while its pernicious fruit is in the bud.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. That Salt has the principal place, its U&s;e &s;hews, whereby it pre&s;erves bodies a long time uncorrupt. We find in it ex&s;iccation, penetration and a&s;triction. All &s;owre things have the &s;econd place, among which Vinegar fir&s;t offers it &s;elf, then Juice of Orange and Juice of &s;owre Pomegranates: After them are bitter things, but becau&s;e they are hot, they are not &s;o proper. New Eggs are of mo&s;t ea&s;ie concoction, and yield matter for the ge|neration of Spirits: Le&s;t therefore they be con|verted into pe&s;tilential matter, it will be proper to give them in this manner. Put a new Egg whole into cold water, mixt with vinegar, and there let it be three hours; then break the Egg and pour out the White, and fill up the empty &s;pace with Juice of Orange or White-wine-vinegar; add as much Salt as will make it indifferently &s;alt; ro&s;t it on hot a&s;hes, and &s;tir it till it grow thick. Al&s;o draw a young Partridge, Phea&s;ant, or Pigeon, and &s;ea&s;on it moderately with Salt: Let it remain &s;o one day in Summer and two in Winter; afterwards put in pieces of Citron and Par&s;ley-leaves, to fill up the hollow of the Fowl, and ro&s;t it at a gentle Fire, and when the moi&s;ture comes from within outwards, and the Fowl begins to be moi&s;t all o|ver, &s;trew Salt all over it, and when it is indiffe|rently ro&s;ted, take a little of the moi&s;ture that drops from it, on your finger, and try whether it be &s;alt; and if not, &s;trew Salt on it again, till at length the gravy be pretty Salt. Let the Fowl be at the fire till the moi&s;ture be dried, then take it from the fire, and cut it into &s;mall pieces, and put it into a linen cloth, and let all the Juice be wrung out between two people &s;training as hard as they can, and give it to the Patient. Indeed it nouri&s;hes much, in|crea&s;es the &s;ub&s;tance of the Spirits, &s;trengthens the Stomach, and very much re&s;i&s;ts the pe&s;tilential in|fection. You may doe the &s;ame with a Capon or Pullet. Nor let any one wonder why we make an Egg and the Juice of Meat &s;alt on purpo&s;e. For when the Objectour con&s;iders with him&s;elf, that a pe&s;tilential Fever does particularly corrupt the na|tural Actions, namely, of the Heart, Liver and Sto|mach (as is demon&s;trated by Vomiting, Loo&s;ne&s;s, red troubled Urine, and by a di&s;orderly Pul&s;e) and that the pe&s;tilential Infection is &s;oone&s;t commu|nicated to tho&s;e parts that are moi&s;te&s;t (for moi|&s;ture is the maintainance of the pe&s;tilential Conta|gion,) he will think what we have &s;aid is not without rea&s;on. For we know that tho&s;e parts that are infected with the pe&s;tilential Contagion, are preternaturally moi&s;t, and that for that rea&s;on their actions are lo&s;t. Wherefore the food ought either of its own nature to be dry, or if &s;uch for its hard concoction be not proper, &s;uch things as may dry, mu&s;t at lea&s;t be mixt with it. But Salt, as we have &s;aid, is the mo&s;t effectual of all things again&s;t all corruption, and mo&s;t familiar to man|kind. Wherefore a rational method &s;hews that all &s;alt things are proper for this Fever. Nor mu&s;t they therefore be rejected, becau&s;e they breed thir&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Be&s;ides, in a pe&s;tilential Fever we mu&s;t take diligent care of the Stomach, that the Patient may be able to retain what he takes, o|therwi&s;e we can neither help the &s;trength, nor op|po&s;e the di&s;ea&s;e. Wherefore my rea&s;on tells me, that Salt-fi&s;h would be of u&s;e, if it be &s;uch as is ea&s;ily concocted: for it is certain that it dries the &s;tomach exceedingly, cau&s;es an appetite and immo|derate thir&s;t, &s;ettles a &s;ubverted and nau&s;eating &s;to|mach. As I was writing the&s;e things, it was told me, that an old Chirurgeon in <HI>England</HI> u&s;ed &s;ucce&s;s|fully to feed people &s;ick of the Plague, with Salt-fi&s;h, which the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> call <HI>Herrings</HI> (the <HI>French, An|choyes</HI>) which if he cannot have, in&s;tead of them he u&s;es a le&s;s &s;ort of Fi&s;h, which take the Salt and Smoke better. But you mu&s;t warn your Patient to ab&s;tain from drink till an hour after eating of them, but afterwards give him as much cold wa|ter as he can drink at one draught. The u&s;e of &s;uch Fi&s;h is mo&s;t effectual again&s;t the thin corrupt humidity in the &s;tomach. And how much &s;uch Salt-fi&s;h &s;trengthens the &s;tomach, repre&s;&s;es loathing, and cau&s;es an appetite, their very &s;mell declares, where|by no &s;mall appetite is procured to the &s;tomach. He therefore that is content with the&s;e rea&s;ons, let him u&s;e them broiled, being &s;teeped in Vinegar or in Juice of Sorrel.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. It is a difficult thing to pre&s;cribe a Di|et for the&s;e Fevers. For a thin one is not conveni|ent. 1. Becau&s;e it is given, that Nature may be at lei&s;ure to fight with the morbifick matter: But in pe&s;tilential Fevers it is our onely care to pre|vent a War between Nature and the pe&s;tilential Hu|mour, becau&s;e u&s;ually in &s;uch conte&s;t Nature is overcome. 2. A Diet that is thin and ea&s;ie of con|coction, is &s;ooner overcome by the violence of the pe&s;tilential Contagion, than by Nature. Wherefore although it were very u&s;efull and nece&s;&s;ary for the breeding of Spirits, which in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es Nature mo&s;t loves; yet in this Di&s;ea&s;e we may not u&s;e it. And gro&s;s Meats mu&s;t not be given, becau&s;e they cannot be overcome of the natural heat, as being languid, al&s;o becau&s;e they do not afford matter for &s;pirits, and they add to the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, although they be nece&s;&s;ary for a greater re&s;i&s;tence again&s;t corruption. For which rea&s;on I advi&s;e, to mix &s;uch things as afford mo&s;t plenty of &s;pirits with &s;uch as re&s;i&s;t the pe&s;tilential Contagion. Such as it is evident they are that are dry by Nature, and immerge them&s;elves deep into the body with a quick penetration, communicating a drying fa|culty to the whole, with a little a&s;triction. Where|fore Salt and all &s;alt things, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are of a thin &s;ub&s;tance, as al&s;o all &s;owre things, are admirably good. They indeed increa&s;e the Fever, but it is better to &s;top putrefaction and repair the &s;ub&s;tance, than not to heighten the Fever. Nor is it contrary to rea&s;on to increa&s;e thir&s;t, for it is de&s;irable, becau&s;e, 1. It &s;hews that the action of the &s;en&s;ory faculty in the mouth of the &s;tomach is per|fect. 2. The Patient will be delighted with cold water, and he may drink plentifully of it, which is an excellent Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. But it is not advi&s;eable to u&s;e Salt-fle&s;h, which the Northern part of <HI>Spain</HI> u&s;es, becau&s;e it is hard of concoction: Yet it were better to u&s;e the Juice of it when it is well ro&s;ted. The Juice of Fle&s;h breeds abundance of Spirits, and &s;treng|thens the Stomach. Therefore it mu&s;t be our great care, that we doe not offer the &s;ame meat &s;o of|ten till the Patient loath it. Wherefore the Phy&s;i|cian &s;hould think with him&s;elf of divers meats, that he may u&s;e every one of them, when it is proper. All &s;weet and unctuous things, whatever is hot and moi&s;t, &s;hould carefully be avoided. Lentils, with much Vinegar, Salt, Saffron and Par&s;ly boiled, are convenient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="41">XLI. <HI>Cel&s;us, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 7. orders the giving of hot and &s;trong Wine in the Cure of a pe&s;tilential Fever. Which we mu&s;t think was ob&s;erved by him or by Phy&s;icians before him, in the peculiar and particu|lar nature of &s;ome Pe&s;tilence. For even in our age many were &s;ick of the Plague and recovered, who had a great de&s;ire to Wine, and acknowledged they did receive great benefit from Wine, and
<PB N="215" REF="113"> they &s;aid, they never found greater relief, in the very height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, than when they drank Wine: which their Phy&s;icians al&s;o confirmed, whereas otherwi&s;e, although it re&s;tore &s;trength and &s;pirits, yet it is manife&s;t it is very hurtfull by rea|&s;on of its heat. Therefore <HI>Galen,</HI> in giving <HI>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">le Ar|menick,</HI> which is cold and dry, di&s;tingui&s;hes careful|ly whether there be a Fever or no, and whether it be &s;mall or great. And whereas &s;everal Phy&s;icians write, that Wine mu&s;t not be given, becau&s;e it car|ries the Poi&s;on to the heart, and opens a pa&s;&s;age thither, this rea&s;on does not hold, becau&s;e other|wi&s;e it were not convenient in Poi&s;ons, when yet <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> not onely permits it, but commands it, even to be taken liberally, again&s;t the biting of Serpents, and all wounds which hurt by cooling. But what can the nature of the Pe&s;tilential fever be, wherein <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> commends Wine? Certainly it mu&s;t be &s;uch, wherein there is much poi&s;on, and very little putrefaction, and that in cold matter: For &s;ometimes in pe&s;tilential Fevers, the putrefac|tion is &s;o remi&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rubeus</HI> in cit. loc.</NOTE> that it is almo&s;t none at all, and yet the pernicious, or evil quality, is very in|ten&s;e.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. If the Patient be troubled for &s;everal days with a co&s;tive body, with anxiety of heart, Can a man expect relief from a Purge? Co&s;tivene&s;s is not the cau&s;e of the Anxiety, but the poi&s;on it &s;elf; Therefore proceed to give <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">weats, &s;trengthen the Heart, and be not greatly &s;olicitous for the Co&s;|tivene&s;s. But if you have a mind to loo&s;en, let a Suppo&s;itory be u&s;ed, for the u&s;e of a Cly&s;ter is not &s;o &s;afe: This hath done many harm at this time, and others little good, while in the mean time it <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o way re&s;i&s;ts the malignity. But if you will neg|lect this admonition, which is confirmed by expe|rience and rea&s;on, and have a mind to give a Cly|&s;ter, ab&s;tain, I pray, from Scammoniates, e&s;pecially in Women and Virgins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> that have their <HI>Men&s;trua.</HI></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. The appetite of meat decayed may be re|&s;tored by Acids, any way taken, and e&s;pecially with &s;weet Spirit of Salt, and <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> either mixt with the ordinary drink, or u&s;ed with cordial mixtures. Where note, that &s;ince the Pe&s;tilential poi&s;on, for the mo&s;t part, u&s;es to exert its delete|rious quality in a few days, it is not worth the while, for a Phy&s;ician to be &s;olicitous for re&s;toring the Appetite immediately in the beginning, becau&s;e when poi&s;on is conquered by Acids, the Appetite returns of its own accord: but if it comes &s;low|ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Syl ius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;.</NOTE> it may be repeated by often u&s;ing the things afore&s;aid.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Let them for whom it is expedient to fly, prudently beware, that they be not forced to make their journey through a Pe&s;tilential Air: becau&s;e it has &s;o fared with many, that while they contrived to prevent danger, by their flight through a Pe&s;tilen|tial Air, as &s;oon as they came to their de&s;ired Coun|trey, they immediately died; or becau&s;e, while they make their journey with more ha&s;te than u&s;ual, they are tired and weakned; and the humours are im|moderately moved and troubled, whereby they are the readier for the &s;u&s;ception of a noxious quality. There happens al&s;o from their travel, a nece&s;&s;ity of breathing oftner and larger, by rea&s;on whereof, the poi&s;onous Air, &s;uch as it comes, is more plentifully received. Be&s;ides, every &s;udden change is grievous to nature; and the humours in &s;everal plethorick and cacochymick per&s;ons are heated beyond mea|&s;ure in their journey, and when they are hot, they put on a noxious quality. But he that withdraws him|&s;elf from the infected Air, mu&s;t go, before the Calami|ty overrun all his Countrey, into &s;ome part different|ly &s;ituated from that where the Plague begun,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joubertus.</NOTE> but a gentle pace, for fear of the fore&s;aid di&s;turbance.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. I remember that the Chirurgeons in <HI>France,</HI> in the time of the Plague, put on a &s;ingular Habit, not made of Cloth or Wool, wherein the &s;eeds of the Poi&s;on might ea&s;ily &s;tick, but of Line, compre&s;&s;ed and &s;mooth, which they put off at their return from their care of the infected &s;ick. The <HI>Italians</HI> u&s;e the &s;ame artifice, and I am told, that in the late Pe&s;tilence at <HI>Rome,</HI> which de&s;troyed the City <HI>Anno</HI> 1656. the Phy&s;icians were clad in a &s;ingular habit. They carried a Staff without a knot in their left hand, as a mark of their conver&s;ing with infect|ed per&s;ons. They had a Mask covered with Wax all over their Face, and their Head too, that their Hair might not take the Infection. They had Gla&s;|&s;es before their Eyes, and their No&s;e was inclo&s;ed in a long Shout, full of Alexipharmacks and good &s;cents. In this nece&s;&s;ary and &s;afe, rather than de|cent Habit, Phy&s;icians vi&s;it the Infected, and Chi|rurgeons &s;afely handle Buboes, and feel the Body when it is full of Spots; and if they found the &s;pots bunch out, and the Hick up come upon them, they foretold certain death, which was a certain &s;ign of death in the Plague in our City, <HI>Anno</HI> 1619,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bartho|linus, <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ent.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> as a Chirurgeon, who was hired to cure the &s;ick, affirm|ed to me. &para; To the&s;e things you may add one thing more wonderfull, if tho&s;e that vi&s;ited the In|fected, did con&s;tantly carry in their hands burning-Torches, or live Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ls, they were &s;afe from the Contagion, as <HI>Mar&s;ilius Ficinus</HI> affirms. <HI>Ep<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. antid<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. cap.</HI> 24.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Let the place, in which the Patient lies, have a hole open above, that the Pe&s;tilential Va|pours may fly out e&s;pecially while he &s;weats. This hole may be opened and &s;hut by turns: for when proper Fumes are made, with Camphorate Ro&s;e|water, and other things, the place may be &s;hut,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus.</NOTE> and then opened again.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Sydenham's</HI> way of curing a Pe&s;tilential Fever.</HEAD>
<P N="47">XLVII. As for the cure of the&s;e Fevers, the fir&s;t place indeed is owing to curatory Indications, which in general mu&s;t be this way directed, that either following Nature's Guidance exactly in extermina|ting the di&s;ea&s;e, we may lend it a helping hand; or not at all relying on that method which Nature is accu&s;tomed to u&s;e in &s;ubduing this inte&s;tine Ene|my, that we may go upon a different one. If any one reply, That the bu&s;ine&s;s may be done by Pe|&s;tifugous Alexitericks: Yet it is doubtfull, whether the good they doe &s;hould be a&s;cribed to their ma|nife&s;t quality, by which, in cau&s;ing Sweats, they al|&s;o open a way for the morbifick matter; or, to &s;ome occult di&s;po&s;ition, which Nature has be&s;towed on them, to extingui&s;h the pe&s;tilential Infection. Wherefore, fir&s;t of all, let us con&s;ider the former In|tention, which has this tendency, that Nature may be helped, in her own way and u&s;age, to extermi|nate the morbifick matter. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, in the true Plague, that Nature, if &s;he be neither for|ced, nor do err, does her bu&s;ine&s;s by &s;ome Ab&s;ce&s;s, breaking out in the Emunctories, whereby a pa&s;&s;age is made for the matter: But in that they call a pe|&s;tilential Fever, this is done by the whole <HI>&s;uperfi|cies</HI> of the body, by means of Sweat and Tran&s;pira|tion. Whence we may gather, that according to the different way and cour&s;e, that Nature fore&s;hews you, a different method of cure ought al&s;o to be ta|ken. Namely, if one endeavour to di&s;charge the matter of the true Plague, by means of Sweat, he goes a way contrary to Nature, which endeavours it by Impo&s;thumes: And on the contrary, he that tries to di&s;charge the matter of a Pe&s;tilential fever any other way than by Sweat, he takes a cour&s;e not at all agreeable to the du&s;t and inclination of Na|ture. But in the true Plague it does not as yet ap|pear, with what proper and certain &s;ort of remedy the ejection of the morbifick matter, that is, the breaking out of Impo&s;thumes may be promoted, ex|cept one &s;hould think, that a &s;trengthening Diet, and Cordials, might conduce to it: Which yet I &s;hould much doubt, whether they might not ca&s;t the Pati|ent, who is too hot already, into a far greater heat.
<PB N="216" REF="114"> I have by experience found it certainly true, that Sweats in this ca&s;e are to no purpo&s;e, although I cannot deny, that after great Sweats, of three or four hours continuance, and then broke off, the Swel|ling does appear; which I do not think proceeds from the Sweat, becau&s;e while it la&s;ts, no &s;ign of Breaking out appears; indeed when the Sweat is ended, it may, by accident, appear; that is, when Sweat has taken away &s;ome part of the burthen, which loaded Nature more than it &s;hould, and when the body is put in a violent heat, by taking of things to cau&s;e a Sweat. But how fallacious and treache|rous the extermination of this peccant matter, by Impo&s;thumes, forced out in Sweats, is, I call to wit|ne&s;s the tragick ends of &s;uch as have been thus treat|ed, of whom, &s;carce the third Man e&s;capes the dan|ger of the cure and the Di&s;ea&s;e: But on the contra|ry, many, who have had their Swellings break out in a laudable manner, have recovered their health in a &s;hort time. But that the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> of this Di&s;ea&s;e, by tumours, is very hazardous, is manife&s;t from hence, that &s;ometimes a <HI>Bubo,</HI> which at fir&s;t broke out lauda|bly, and with the abatement of the Symptoms, does afterwards, all on a &s;udden, di&s;appear, and in&s;tead thereof Purple Spots, mo&s;t certain tokens of Death, do &s;ucceed. The cau&s;e of who&s;e &s;triking in &s;eems of right to be attributed to tho&s;e great Sweats, that are de&s;igned to promote the Eruption, becau&s;e they, by drawing and di&s;&s;ipating, do di&s;per&s;e another way, by the habit of the body, that good part of the matter, which &s;hould fill and keep up the bulk of the Swelling. However it is, this at lea&s;t is mo&s;t certainly &s;ure, that out of God Almighty's great benignity, there is a certain way to remove the morbifick cau&s;e in other di&s;ea&s;es, but in this the way is but &s;lippery and incon&s;tant. From hence it fol|lows, that the Phy&s;ician, who in the cure of other di&s;ea&s;es is bound to follow Nature's duct and propen&s;ity very clo&s;e, mu&s;t here refu&s;e its guid|ance.</P>
<P>Wherefore, &s;ince it is by no means &s;ecure to tread in Nature's &s;teps, in exterminating this Di|&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t now look about us, by what means we may &s;atisfie the &s;econd intention, that is, of en|deavouring another, and a different &s;olution from the natural. And this, I think, may be done two ways, that is, by bleeding, or by Sweating. As to the former, I am not ignorant that many make con|&s;cience of Bleeding: But not to heed the preju|dices of the Vulgar, I fir&s;t of all appeal to tho&s;e Phy&s;icians that &s;tay'd in <HI>London</HI> in the time of the late Plague, whether any of them ob&s;erved, that plen|tifull and repeated Bleeding, before any Swelling appeared, proved mortal to tho&s;e that were &s;ick of the Plague? We need not at all wonder indeed, that the letting of a little bloud, when the Swelling begins to appear, is always hurtfull: Becau&s;e when onely a &s;mall quantity of bloud is taken, hereby the management of the affair is taken out of Nature's hand, which applies her whole &s;trength to the pro|tru&s;ion of the tumour; nor is there any other way of evacuating the morbifick matter, efficacious enough, &s;ub&s;tituted in its &s;tead. And when the Swelling al|ready appears, and bloud is then let, &s;eeing it draws from the circumference to the centre, it cau&s;es a motion quite contrary to the motion of Nature, which is from the Centre to the Circumference. But, that bleeding in the Plague is convenient, ma|ny grave Writers have long ago adjudged. But there is onely one that I know of, who places the whole bu&s;ine&s;s of the cure, &s;uch as we require, in bleeding plentifully, that is, <HI>Leonardus Botallus,</HI> a mo&s;t famous Phy&s;ician of the la&s;t Age, <HI>I,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>think there is no Plague for which this may not be more whole&s;ome than any other remedies, &s;o it be u&s;ed opportunely, and in a convenient quantity: And I think it has &s;ometimes proved u&s;e|le&s;s, becau&s;e it was u&s;ed either later, or le&s;s than was nece&s;&s;ary, or becau&s;e there was an errour about u&s;ing it in both re&s;pects.</HI> And a little after. <HI>But in &s;o great a timidity, and &s;pare detraction, how can any one rightly judge, what good or harm it does in a Pe&s;tilential Di&s;ea&s;e? For the Di&s;ea&s;e, for who&s;e cure the taking away of four pounds of bloud was nece&s;&s;ary, in which onely one is taken, if it kill a Man, does not therefore kill a Man, becau&s;e bloud is let, but becau&s;e it was not let in a ju&s;t quantity, or it may be not &s;ea&s;onably.</HI> All which he con|firms by experience, and goes to examples of cures. But here I will relate a very rare hi&s;tory of a mat|ter, as it was acted with us in <HI>England.</HI> When among the calamities of a Civil War, the Plague al&s;o ra|ged in &s;everal places, and, by chance, was brought from &s;ome other place to <HI>Dun&s;tur</HI>-Ca&s;tle in <HI>Sommer&s;et|&s;hire;</HI> after &s;ome of the Soldiers had died &s;uddenly with Spots, and it had &s;eized &s;everal others, a cer|tain Chirurgeon, who was returned from travel|ling in far Countries, who, at that time, among o|thers, &s;erved for pay, asked leave of the Governour of the place, that he might doe his be&s;t to help his Fellow-&s;oldiers, who con&s;enting, he took immedi|ately from every &s;ick Man, at the fir&s;t coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e, before any Swelling appeared, a great quan|tity of bloud, till their feet began to fail them, for he bled them &s;tanding, and in the open Air, nor had he any Porringers to mea&s;ure the bloud in; this being done, he &s;ent them to lie down in their huts, and although, after bleeding, he u&s;ed no remedy at all, yet, of abundance, whom he treated in this man|ner (which is a wonderfull thing) there died not one Man.</P>
<P>But although I am not onely &s;en&s;ible of the be|nefit of this practice in my judgment, but have long &s;ince found it &s;o indeed by experience, yet the di&s;|&s;ipation of the Pe&s;tilential ferment, by tran&s;pirati|on, plea&s;es me, upon &s;everal accounts, better than Evacuation by Bleeding, becau&s;e it does not &s;o much weaken Patients, nor expo&s;e Phy&s;icians to the danger of Infamy. But this al&s;o does not want its difficulties; for, fir&s;t of all, Sweats are difficultly procured in &s;everal people, e&s;pecially in young Men of a hot con&s;titution: Which &s;ort of Patients, the more you endeavour to rai&s;e a Sweat by &s;trong Hydroticks, and heaping on much clothes on them, the more danger you bring them into of a Phren|zy; or, which is of a &s;adder portent, being held &s;o long in expectation, at la&s;t, in&s;tead of Sweat, you will produce the Tokens. For &s;eeing the principal fault in this Di&s;ea&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in the more &s;pirituous part of the ma&s;s of bloud, wherefore the exagita|tion of the more gro&s;s particles, is for the mo&s;t part more languid, than in other inflammations; and this thinner portion being put in a greater rage, by the acce&s;&s;ion of new heat, does, at length, by its a&s;&s;ault, wholly break all the fibres of the bloud, di&s;tended beyond the mea&s;ure of their texture; from which di&s;&s;olution of the fibres of the bloud, I think the cau&s;e of the Tokens may be fetched: For ju&s;t as the Marks that are inflicted upon &s;ome mu&s;|culous part of the body, by a violent blow, &s;o they at fir&s;t appear very red in the Skin, and in a &s;hort time after appear black and blew. But then in bodies that are apt to Sweat, if the Sweat be broke off &s;ooner than it &s;hould (that is, before all the morbid matter be di&s;&s;ipated) the condition of the <HI>Buboes,</HI> which indeed began to come out well enough, towards the latter end of the Sweat, becomes wor&s;e afterwards; for part of the matter being &s;ubtract|ed, which ought to rai&s;e them, they either ea&s;ily &s;trike in again, or they never come to legitimate ab&s;ce&s;&s;es (as it u&s;ually happens in the Small Pox, whenever the Patient has Sweat violently in the fir&s;t days) and then, at length, the cruel enemy be|ing received within the walls, a commotion is rai&s;|ed in the bloud, by means whereof oftentimes Spots, the Tokens of imminent death, are forced out.</P>
<P>And I continued this cu&s;tome of bleeding freely to which al&s;o the u&s;e of Pti&s;ane (and &s;uch cooling Diet) was added in many Patients, with wonderfull &s;uc|ce&s;s, till at length, failing of the wonted &s;ucce&s;s, in managing of &s;ome, out of the wilfullne&s;s of &s;ome
<PB N="217" REF="114"> By-&s;tanders, who were po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with vain Prejudi|ces, and would not &s;uffer a due quantity of Bloud to be let, to the Patient's great damage, from whom (at lea&s;t while the &s;cope of Cure turned on this hinge) either Bloud was not taken in a &s;uffici|ent quantity or not at all; I perceived a great &s;top put to my endeavours, and therefore I reckoned an|other way of oppo&s;ing this Di&s;ea&s;e than Bloud-let|ting, if it could be found, would be of great u&s;e.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, if the Swelling did not yet appear, I bled moderately according to the Patients &s;trength and con&s;titution, which when done, &s;weat, the rai&s;ing whereof otherwi&s;e had not onely great difficulty in &s;ome bodies, but al&s;o danger of greater burning and of the purple Spots was threatned, became ea&s;ie and expedite. And the benefit of the Sweat that did immediately follow did abundantly com|pen&s;ate the lo&s;s of bloud, which otherwi&s;e, how &s;mall &s;oever it were, had brought a mo&s;t grie|vous inconvenience. After bleeding (which I or|dered in bed, when all things were ready to cau&s;e a Sweat) without the interpo&s;ition of the lea&s;t delay I pre&s;ently covered the Patient with clothes, and bound a woollen rag to his Forehead; which covering of his Forehead conduces more towards the rai&s;ing a Sweat, than one would ea&s;ily imagine. Then, if there be no Vomiting, I give the&s;e and the like Hidroticks; Take of <HI>Theriaca Andromachi</HI> half a drachm, <HI>Electuarii de ovo</HI> 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Ga&s;coin</HI>'s Pow|der 12 grains, Cochinelle 8 grains, Saffron 4 grains, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Juice of Kermes make a <HI>Bolus,</HI> which let him take every &s;ixth hour, drinking upon it 6 &s;poonfulls of the following Julep; Take of Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> and <HI>Scordii compo&s;itae</HI> each 3 ounces, Treacle-water 2 ounces, Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers 1 ounce. Mix them.</P>
<P>But if a Vomit interrupted, as it often happens in the Plague and pe&s;tilential Fevers, I deferred the giving a &s;weating Medicine &s;o long, till the Sweat began to run onely with the weight of the clothes (except that now and then his face was covered with the Sheet to gather the Vapors:) For, which indeed is very well worth the ob&s;ervation, when the rays of the morbifick matter extend them&s;elves towards the out&s;ide of the body, immediately the Loo&s;ne&s;s and Vomiting that proceeded from them tending in|wards, and falling upon the Stomach and Guts, cea&s;e of them&s;elves, &s;o that how great &s;oever a &s;ub|ver&s;ion of the Stomach precede, the Medicines that are taken afterwards may well enough be kept, and conduce to the rai&s;ing a Sweat according to de|&s;ire. I ordered the Sweat, when it was begun, to be continued for the &s;pace of a natural day, by drin|king now and then a draught of Sage po&s;&s;et-drink, or of Mace-ale, &s;trictly forbidding him to wipe all that time, no, nor &s;o much as to change his Shirt within 24 hours, till the Sweat was ended, how wet and foul &s;oever it were; A thing which I would have ob&s;erved with the greate&s;t care. But if Sweat be circum&s;cribed in a narrower limit of time, the Symptoms immediately grow as fierce as ever, and the Patient's &s;afety, which a longer Sweat had put out of all danger, is in extreme hazard. And, tru|ly, I cannot &s;ufficiently admire, why <HI>Diemerbroke</HI> and others are per&s;uaded on &s;o &s;light a pretence to break off Sweat, as for&s;ooth to provide for the Patient's &s;trength; for there is no man that hath been the lea&s;t conver&s;ant in the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e who ob|&s;erves not, that as &s;oon as the Patient is all in a Sweat, he finds him&s;elf &s;tronger than before. What my practice and experience hath taught me in this matter I will not be afraid publickly to maintain. Many, through my advice, when they have been thrown in a Sweat for 24 hours, have been &s;o far from complaining that they found them&s;elves weak after it, that they rather profe&s;&s;ed, that as much &s;u|pervacaneous humour as they had lo&s;t, &s;o much new &s;trength they had acquired. And about the latter hours I ob&s;erved, not without admiration, a certain Sweat bur&s;t out, more natural, kindly and copious than the fir&s;t, which the &s;trength of Medicine had forced out, and which gave much more relief, as if it had been plainly critical and eradicative of the whole Di&s;ea&s;e. Moreover, in the very height of the Sweat, I do not &s;ee what inconvenience it brings along with it, to refre&s;h the Patient with Broths and comfortable Spoon-meats; and therefore the objection concerning want of &s;trength to bear long &s;weating falls to the ground. And we may &s;ee (which &s;hews the benefit of this practice) that as long as the Patient runs with Sweat, he apprehends him&s;elf well, and all that are by think him in a good condition: But as &s;oon as the body begins to grow dry, and the Sweat is broke off, all things grow wor&s;e, the Di&s;ea&s;e as it were returning afre&s;h.</P>
<P>For 24 hours after the Sweat is ended, I order him carefully to avoid the Cold; to let his Shirt dry of it &s;elf; to drink all his drink warm; and to continue the u&s;e of Sage po&s;&s;et-drink. The next morning I give him a Purge: And by this method of Cure I recovered very many of pe&s;tilential Fe|vers; &s;o that not one died of that Di&s;ea&s;e, after I began to practi&s;e this method.</P>
<P>But when a Swelling was ri&s;en, I hitherto would not &s;uffer a Vein to be breathed, in a body never &s;o indi&s;po&s;ed to Sweat, fearing le&s;t the morbifick matter returning into the emptied ve&s;&s;els, the &s;ud|den death of the Patient &s;hould prevent the de&s;ign|ed Sweat. Neverthele&s;s perhaps bloud might be let &s;afely enough, if immediately as &s;oon as it were let, without any &s;tay interjected, Sweat were rai|&s;ed, which produced to the fore&s;aid time requi|&s;ite, might con&s;ume and di&s;&s;ipate the Swelling; and that with much le&s;s danger of health, than if a le|gitimate ripening of the Impo&s;thume, which in a hazardous ca&s;e is very uncertain and fallacious, were longer expected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. I was never concerned for watching, al|though it continued for the three fir&s;t days. The Headach abates the fir&s;t day, is tolerable the &s;econd, the third is removed onely by the u&s;e of Sudori|ficks. <HI>Opium</HI> has a Sudorifick quality, it in a great mea&s;ure makes up Treacle, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> Mithri|date, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which in my opinion would want a Sudo|rifick faculty, if they wanted <HI>Opium:</HI> Yea, it is rec|koned by Authours among Alexipharmacks them|&s;elves, who&s;e u&s;e is &s;ingular in every malignant Fever. And certainly, I believe, there is not one Medicine to be found, that is able to give the Pati|ent ea&s;e &s;o quickly as <HI>Opium,</HI> and concerning who&s;e operation more certain things may be predicted, whoever u&s;e it frequently and circum&s;pectly, than of <HI>Opium.</HI> Neverthele&s;s at this time I u&s;ed it &s;pa|ringly, contrary to cu&s;tome, becau&s;e Sleep is ve|ry much &s;u&s;pected for the 2 or 3 fir&s;t days. But when Watching had held a man 6 or 7 days, with a decay of &s;trength, the Medicine following did much good, giving a &s;poonfull of it every quarter of an hour; till the Patient fall a&s;leep. Sleep is produ|ced by it and plentifull Sweat. Take of our Pro|phylactick water 1 ounce and an half, Borage wa|ter 1 ounce, Cinnamon water 3 drachms, <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi</HI> 1 drachm, <HI>Sacchari perlati</HI> 4 drachms, <HI>Lauda|num opiatum</HI> 2 grains. Mix them. Therefore you may u&s;e <HI>Opium</HI> the fore&s;aid way. Nor is there any rea&s;on here why you &s;hould be too bold in u&s;ing it in cacochymick per&s;ons, tho&s;e that are weak and have a foul Stomach, or that you &s;hould be too ti|morous, and content to u&s;e it in no ca&s;e; for by this means you mo&s;t evidently declare, that its virtues are unknown to you. Before I come to <HI>Laudanum O|piatum,</HI> I endeavour to remove the Headach by the following means. Let Ground-Ivy brui&s;ed be ap|plied to the Head, al&s;o Plantain. Let this or &s;ome|thing like it be applied to the Soles of the Feet and the Palms of the hands. Take of leaves of Rue 1 handfull and an half, Sowre Leven 2 ounces, Pi|geon's
<PB N="218" REF="115"> dung 1 ounce, common Salt half an ounce, Elder-vinegar what &s;ufficeth. Mix them. Make a Catapla&s;m; Or, Take of Bole-armenick, <HI>Terra &s;igil|lata,</HI> common white Chalk, each 1 ounce and an half; Marigold-vinegar what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Apply it as before. Sometimes al&s;o I applied Pow|der of Cloves wet with Spirit of Wine; for, I think,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> Vinegar does harm.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. A Loo&s;ne&s;s in the Plague is often a fore|runner of in&s;tant death. Yet I have often known when neither bloud nor bloudy matter has been voided, that the things following have done good. Let the Patient and the Phy&s;ician ab&s;tain from all acid and &s;alt things, of much u&s;e otherwi&s;e in the Plague: As al&s;o from plentifull drinking; but if he cannot bear his intolerable thir&s;t, let the Pati|ent take 2 or 3 &s;poonfulls of this Mixture. Take of the root of Tormentil 1 ounce, red Ro&s;e flow|ers 1 pugil, &s;havings of Hart&s;horn half a drachm, &s;eeds of Sorrel, Myrtle, each 1 ounce; Boil them in Steel-water. To 9 ounces of the colature add of <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi</HI> 1 drachm, Syrup of Myrtle 1 ounce. Mix them. Treacle alone has done good to many, if a &s;mall piece of it has been taken once an hour till a drachm has been taken. Binding Cly&s;ters, dry|ing al&s;o and emollient ones are here very nece&s;&s;a|ry; yea, they &s;hould be given twice or thrice eve|ry day. Lees of White-wine or rather of Red-wine, applied hot to the Navel have done much good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Sylvius</HI> his method of Curing the Plague.</HEAD>
<P N="50">L. Like as upon examination of all the Symptoms that u&s;ually accompany the Plague, and upon con&s;i|deration of the Remedies, that &s;erve for prevention of it, we have concluded that in mo&s;t the nature of the deadly poi&s;on con&s;i&s;ts in a volatile and &s;harp Salt, &s;o we think the &s;ame will be confirmed from its Cure. But that a methodical and rational Cure may be in&s;i&s;ted on in the Plague, not onely the Functions mu&s;t be con&s;idered which are primarily and chiefly hurt, but the parts al&s;o as well contai|ning as contained, which are affected above others. The Functions are they e&s;pecially that are called Vital, and among them, tho&s;e that re&s;pect the alte|ration of the Bloud in the Heart, and on which life does proximately depend. Among things con|tained, either the whole Bloud, or &s;ome things con|curring to produce the ma&s;s of bloud, or both are di&s;affected in the Plague. Among the parts contai|ning, and the &s;olid, we ob&s;erve both the conglo|bated Glands to be &s;eized and corrupted by <HI>Buboes,</HI> and the external skin with the parts adjoining by Carbuncles and Spots. It is manife&s;t, the Bloud it &s;elf is very much changed in the Plague, when we affirmed, that it oftentimes lo&s;es its con&s;i&s;tency, and is more fluid than ordinary. And becau&s;e we be|lieve that all con&s;i&s;tency comes to the Bloud from an acid Juice, we de&s;ervedly conclude that the A|cid, mixt, or to be mixt with the Bloud, does mo&s;t &s;uffer and is corrupted in the Plague. Since more|over we have &s;hewn that an Acid can &s;o powerful|ly be broken and therefore corrupted, by nothing, as by a Lixivious Salt, I think we have de&s;ervedly derived the Pe&s;tilential poi&s;on from it. Again, when we weighed its quick operation and extreme vio|lence in Rea&s;on's balance, we concluded this lixivi|ous Salt was volatile and very &s;harp. And &s;eeing a|mong all the Humours hitherto ob&s;erved in our Bo|dies, onely Bile is found to partake of a volatile Salt, we plainly think that we judged according to rea&s;on, that it is often vitiated by the pe&s;tilential poi&s;on, and is rendred more &s;harp and volatile than u&s;ual; So that the pe&s;tilential poi&s;on joins it &s;elf to the Bile, as to an humour mo&s;t homogene|ous with it, and &s;poils it; But that it exerts its violence upon the Acid, as upon a thing oppo&s;ite and heterogeneous, and breaks and corrupts it. The pe&s;tilential poi&s;on, I &s;ay, becau&s;e at lea&s;t as far as mo&s;t Phy&s;icians determine, is not bred in Man's body, but comes to it from abroad, and then is afterwards communicated to others by Con|tagion: Therefore the Indications to be ob&s;erved in the Cure of the Plague mu&s;t be taken, 1. From the Poi&s;on it &s;elf admitted from abroad into the Body, and infecting the Bile, both corrupting and infringing the acid Juice, and colliquating the Bloud it &s;elf, and de&s;troying the &s;olid parts, by Buboes, Carbuncles and Spots. 2. From the Bile it &s;elf de|generating from its pri&s;tine integrity, and putting on the nature of a pe&s;tilential poi&s;on. 3. From the acid Juice in our Body, broken and corrupted. 4. From the Bloud it &s;elf melted, and de&s;titute of its con&s;i&s;tence. 5. From the conglobated Glands producing <HI>Buboes.</HI> 6. From any parts &s;eized and corrupted with the virulence of the Carbuncles. 7. From the whole <HI>Superficies</HI> of the Body defaced and &s;ometimes corrupted with many Spots and To|kens.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t of all, the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on it &s;elf, as it is admitted into Man's body be&s;ide the Laws of Na|ture, &s;o it indicates its reciprocal expul&s;ion out of it. The &s;ame, as it infects all it meets with in the body, and changes it from a laudable &s;tate into a noxious, it indicates its alteration and correction. Secondly, Bile, as it is made more volatile and &s;harp by the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, does indicate its fixation and contemperation. Thirdly, the acid Juice of the Body, as its acid Acrimony is broken and corrupted by the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, indicates the reparation and re&s;titution of the &s;ame Acidity. Fourthly, the Bloud, as it hath lo&s;t its con&s;i&s;tence by the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, indicates the recovery of the &s;ame. The fifth, &s;ixth and &s;eventh Indications of Buboes, Carbuncles and Spots, we &s;hall treat of peculiarly and &s;everally. Now we will propound the <HI>Indicata</HI> of the fore&s;aid Indications.</P>
<P N="1">1. The pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, &s;eeing it frequently penetrates the inner parts by the Pores of the Skin, it may mo&s;t commodiou&s;ly be expelled by the &s;ame, and therefore by Sudorificks. The &s;ame, becau&s;e &s;ometimes perhaps it is in&s;pired in with the Air, and doth then al&s;o alter and corrupt the Spittle, which being continually &s;wallowed down cau&s;es loathing in the Stomach, it may not inconveni|ently then be driven again, at lea&s;t in part, out of the body: And when part is carried off by Vo|mit, the re&s;t that pa&s;&s;es with the Air to the Lungs, and by and by to the Bloud, may mo&s;t conveniently be thrown off by Sweat with tho&s;e fore&s;aid Diapho|reticks. The &s;ame Poi&s;on, as it is noxious in its quality, vitiates and changes for the wor&s;e what|ever it meets with in the body, and that indeed by its &s;alt, volatile and &s;harp quality, it may be corrected by a powerfull fixing Medicine, and one that takes off the acrimony. And becau&s;e nothing has &s;uch a fixing and a&s;&s;uaging virtue as Sulphur, but fixt, therefore &s;uch a virtue may well be expec|ted from every &s;uch like Sulphur, that is, either fix|ed or fixing, &s;uppo&s;e it either metallick or mineral. 2. The Bile, that is rendred too &s;harp and volatile by the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, will be fixed and tempe|red with the &s;ame Medicines with which the for|mer was. 3. The acid Juice broken and corrupted by the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, will be repaired by the u&s;e of Acids, &s;uch as are convenient for every one's particular con&s;titution. 4. The Bloud will recover its con&s;i&s;tency by the taking of Acids, not much at once, but at &s;everal times, and always in a &s;mall quantity. But &s;ince there are &s;o many Indications in the Cure of the Plague, it will be the pru|dent Phy&s;ician's part to &s;elect and make u&s;e of &s;uch matter for Remedies, as may an&s;wer mo&s;t Intentions, that he may kill &s;everal Birds with one Stone, and that tho&s;e that are infected with the Plague may be cured with Medicines not at all compounded.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51"><PB N="219" REF="115">LI. If one will compare all things we have taught, concerning the matter of the <HI>Indicata</HI> in the Cure of the Plague, he may without much difficulty ob|&s;erve, that the primary Cure of the Plague may be performed with a very few Medicines, &s;imple e|nough, that is, with Vomits, but Antimonial ones e&s;pecially: with &s;everal &s;orts of Sudorificks, and they in like manner Antimonial ones: with things that fix Salt and Bile which are too volatile, a|mong which Antimonials are not the la&s;t: with things that repair the Acid, deficient both in the bloud and otherwhere, which are not wanting in Antimony, &s;o that of one, and it may be of Anti|mony alone, Medicines may be prepared which may &s;atisfie all Indications in the Plague. Volatile, oleous Salts will be good to provoke Sweat, and to drive out the pe&s;tilential Poi&s;on, and to temper the over &s;harp Salt and Bile. Acids, and e&s;pecially Spi|rit of Nitre will &s;erve to correct Salt and Bile offen|ding in too much volatility and acrimony, as al&s;o to re&s;tore a con&s;i&s;tency to the Bloud, and to repair the Acid that is made dull in the Body. So that any one &s;eems to have need but of three Medicines at mo&s;t, happily to perform the internal Cure of the Plague; and, 1. Vomits, when they are proper. 2. Sudorificks, but con&s;i&s;ting e&s;pecially of Vola|tile, Oleous Salts, becau&s;e they al&s;o temper the a|crimony of the poi&s;on. 3. Acids, among which Spirit of Nitre &s;hould be preferred, becau&s;e it is endued likewi&s;e with a fixing quality; but mo&s;t of them mu&s;t be diluted with convenient aqueous things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that they doe no harm.</P>
<P N="52">LII. Nay &s;ometimes Vomits and Sweats may be joined together, and Sweats and Acids, or at lea&s;t in the middle of a Sweat &s;ome &s;ub-acid mixture may be given by Spoonfulls, I &s;ay, &s;ometimes Vo|mits may be joined with Sweats; for it does no harm to take them together, and to have them work together, &s;ince they are not motions con|trary one to the other, but different, by Vomit and Sweat. (<HI>See Book</HI> 19. <HI>of Vomits.</HI>) Therefore in the Cure of the Plague, when Loathing is urgent, and Strength is good, a Vomit may &s;afely be given in the beginning, made of Antimony, but which may al&s;o have the faculty to move Sweat, that is, that which they call <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum,</HI> but not too much fixt, or &s;omething better, if any man have &s;uch a thing, or &s;ome other Sudorifick may be joined with any other antimonial Vomit, either made of the &s;ame Antimony or prepared of the &s;ame matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="53">LIII. It is not difficult to under&s;tand from the rules of Phy&s;icians, that a method mu&s;t be ob&s;er|ved in the Cure of a pe&s;tilential Fever, different from what they have laid down in other Fevers; As we may gather from the drying Meats, from the a&s;tringent things, from the gro&s;s Diet, and the larger indulgence as to Meat and Drink: All which things we carefully prohibit in all other Fe|vers,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus,</HI> de Victu Febr.</NOTE> whence <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> thought good to cau&s;e thir&s;t in this Fever.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. It &s;ometimes happens, that Swellings break out, when neither a Fever, nor any other grievous Symptome has gone before: although I am &s;u&s;pi|cious that &s;ome &s;hivering or &s;haking has ever gone before, but not &s;o perceptible. But they to whom this happens, it is &s;afe for them to walk abroad in the Streets, and to go about their bu&s;ine&s;s, as healthy people doe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> neglecting all care of Regi|ment.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Petechialis,</HI> or, The Spotted-fever</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether, when Spots break out, a Vein may be breathed? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether: we may purge? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit may be given? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine has been whol&s;ome. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Spots are an imperfect <HI>Cri&s;is. V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BE gone ye <HI>Haemophoboi,</HI> who, as &s;oon as ye &s;ee Spots in the Skin, &s;uper&s;titiou&s;ly abhor Bloud-letting. For to pa&s;s by, that Nature, when &s;he is ea&s;ed of part of her burthen, does ri&s;e with greater courage again&s;t the reliques of the matter, it is mo&s;t certain, that the&s;e cutaneous efflore&s;cen|cies are &s;ymptomatick, and the unloadings or things ca&s;t over-board by the exe&s;tuating bloud, which therefore requires Phlebotomy. But grant they were critical, yet without doubt the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> would be but half, and as it were a dimidiated ab&s;ce&s;s, unequal to the Di&s;ea&s;e, which it is meet to help, going Nature's way, <HI>carrying what &s;hould be carried by proper ways, what way they have an inclination.</HI> But the motion of the Spots, and opening a Vein is the &s;ame, from the centre to the circumference, from the inner parts of the body to its <HI>&s;uperficies;</HI> &s;o far are the Juices that are drawn to the Skin, from re|treating or altering their cour&s;e upon breathing a Vein. For when the Veins of the Limbs are empti|ed, does not the Bloud by a certain continuity flow out of the greater and inner Veins thither, to fill the empty place. Who therefore dare deny, that the Bloud is carried by Phlebotomy not from with|out inwards, but from within outwards? Where|fore even in internal Inflammations, al&s;o in Grief and &s;udden Fear a Vein mu&s;t immediately be ope|ned, to di&s;per&s;e the Bloud and Spirits, gathered in the Bowels. And although after Bleeding Sleep &s;ometimes oppre&s;&s;es a Man, becau&s;e of the di&s;&s;ipa|ted Spirits, which Nature would rally, yet it is ju&s;tly forbid, le&s;t the Remedy be fru&s;trated of its end, namely,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Menjotius,</HI> de Febrana|ligna.</NOTE> the Diffu&s;ion of the Bloud from the inner to the out parts.</P>
<P N="2">II. Evacuation by &s;tool is no way agreeable with Spots in a Burning fever, although &s;ometimes it does good. I have &s;een indeed &s;ome of them that have been in that condition freed by a Loo&s;ne&s;s, yet they are much better and &s;afer freed by Sweat, be|cau&s;e the malignant Juices are averted from the Bowels. But I have far oftner &s;een Purging by Art doe &s;uch good, than a &s;pontaneous Loo&s;ne&s;s: nor unde&s;ervedly: becau&s;e in the former Nature en|deavours outwards; but for the Juices to go in|wards &s;pontaneou&s;ly is a &s;ign of great weakne&s;s, but to be drawn by Medicine, not &s;o: for what is cau&s;ed by an external cau&s;e, &s;hould not be imputed to the Di&s;ea&s;e: Therefore it has done many good to purge in the beginning, and &s;o to have a care through the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, that the body be not co&s;tive, becau&s;e we can no way better prevent the Symptoms whereby all &s;uch people are commonly in danger. Yet I have learned both, for the afore&s;aid rea&s;on, and by &s;ufficient experience, that it is very dangerous for this Di&s;ea&s;e to be judg|ed by a &s;pontaneous Loo&s;ne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> &para; You mu&s;t not purge by &s;tool unle&s;s there appear to be a great quantity of Juices, the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion whereof you can|not expect by the Skin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Vomits in Malignant fevers with Spots are generally u&s;ele&s;s, unle&s;s perhaps you perceive much humours to be contained in the Stomach; for then it is lawfull to ca&s;t up by Vomit what is there con|tained, e&s;pecially if the &s;ick Party be ea&s;ie to vomit, otherwi&s;e no Man mu&s;t be forced to vomit, left the motion of the humour, that is otherwi&s;e vitious, be recalled inwards. For the mouth of the &s;to|mach
<PB N="220" REF="116"> is of too &s;harp a &s;en&s;e, and too near the Heart and the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius,</NOTE> for the malignant juices to be ga|thered thither. &para; In the Year 1659. I had under my cure a Maid 36 years old of a mo&s;t cholerick complexion: In a violent Fever &s;he had abundance of Purple, red and blew Spots aro&s;e. She had not the Small-pox, which were then Epidemick: At the very moment the Spots broke out, an excee|ding anxiety came upon her, the cau&s;e whereof &s;he could not expre&s;s: I, &s;u&s;pecting that Bile did vellicate the mouth of the Stomach, to the vomi|ting whereof &s;he was accu&s;tomed, give her warm water, a little while after &s;he had drunk it, there followed a plentifull vomiting of a eruginous Bile, and the Spots pre&s;ently vani&s;hed, and the Small-pox came in their room, whereof &s;he did very well.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glaucon. c.</HI> 14. condemns Wine in Fevers, e&s;pecially Burning ones, with a <HI>Delirium.</HI> When the Spotted fever, <HI>anno</HI> 1659. was Epidemick in our City, <HI>N.</HI> was come to that pa&s;s, as that there was no hope of his Life. But when he un|der&s;tood that he mu&s;t dye, he &s;ent a Me&s;&s;enger to the Bi&s;hop to entreat a Gla&s;s of Wine of him, for he expected the fatal hour, which was pre&s;ent|ly granted him in a larger mea&s;ure than he ex|pected. After a draught of Rheni&s;h Wine, he fell in a &s;weat and a &s;leep, and the Fever was judged to health,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">linus.</NOTE> although he relap&s;ed &s;ometimes becau&s;e of his errour in diet, yet without harm. &para; <HI>Hel|mont de Feb. cap.</HI> 12. <HI>Sect.</HI> 7. contends violently with &s;trong rea&s;on for Wine, &s;o as to allow it in the Plague. &para; <HI>Cae&s;ar Crivellatus,</HI> as he confe&s;&s;es, <HI>cap.</HI> 22. <HI>de u&s;u vini in acutis,</HI> recovered of a Spotted fever by u&s;ing Wine again&s;t the Phy&s;ician's mind. &para; In the Year 1676. a Malignant fever was Epidemick at <HI>Borgo di Se&s;ia</HI> of which more died than e&s;caped, live worms came out at all their Mouths. A Phy&s;ician, who would try what would &s;oone&s;t kill them, &s;prinkled &s;ome with Oil, others with juice of Ci|tron and Vinegar, and yet they were not killed: At length, when he had &s;prinkled Wine on them they quickly died: Hereby being emboldened, he gave his Patients Wine without &s;cruple, which afterwards was the mo&s;t gratefull Alexiterick of that Fever, whereby almo&s;t all e&s;caped &s;afe.</P>
<P N="5">V. I never to this day have ob&s;erved, that Nature perfectly judged this Fever by making an expul|&s;ion of the&s;e Spots to the Skin, which is con&s;onant to rea&s;on: For if the Mine of this Putrefaction be kept in the ma&s;s of bloud, how can it be that the Fever &s;hould be judged by the&s;e cutaneous &s;pots? This is certain, That Nature does not evacuate well when it evacuates a little. And the&s;e Spots are very &s;mall in compari&s;on to the corrupt and poi&s;onous humour. Then the matter that cau&s;es the Spots, is too thin to be the <HI>Ba&s;is</HI> of the putre|faction, and certainly utterly in&s;ufficient for the extirpation of it. But all the hope of &s;afety in this Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be placed in letting bloud at the ve|ry fir&s;t; and afterwards in purging and &s;weating, and &s;ometimes in purging by Urine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Pleuritica, Peripneumonica,</HI> or, A Pleuritical and Peripneumonical Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>Its De&s;cription and Cure.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>WHen in the Year 1675. the &s;ea&s;on continued extreme, like Summer, till the latter end of <HI>October,</HI> and a cold and moi&s;t &s;ea&s;on followed that, there were abundance of Coughs abroad, which prepared the way for a Fever, and mo&s;t readily turned into one. In the mean time, as the Cough helped the Con&s;titution in producing the Fever, &s;o al&s;o the Fever, taking occa&s;ion from the Cough, did ju&s;t invade the <HI>Pleura</HI> and Lungs, as it had in|vaded the Head the Week before the&s;e Coughs be|gan. Which &s;udden change of the Symptoms gave neverthele&s;s &s;ome men occa&s;ion (who took not &s;o good notice) to take this Fever for an E&s;&s;ential Pleuri&s;ie, or for an E&s;&s;ential Peripneumony, al|though it remained the &s;ame, as it had ever been through the whole Con&s;titution. And how much &s;oever a pricking pain in the &s;ide, difficulty of breathing, the colour of the Bloud that was taken away, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> did intimate that there was an E&s;&s;en|tial Pleuri&s;ie, yet this Di&s;ea&s;e required no other Method of Cure, than what &s;uited to the Fever of this Con&s;titution, but it was very much abhor|rent from that which was proper for a true Pleu|ri&s;ie. Be&s;ides, a Pleuri&s;ie, when it is the primary Di&s;ea&s;e, for the mo&s;t part, invades at that time of the year which is between Spring and Summer, and as it were joins them both. This Di&s;ea&s;e being born under another Con&s;tellation, mu&s;t be reckoned onely a Symptome of the Fever, that was proper to that Year, and the product of an accidental Cough.</P>
<P>That we may rightly proceed to that Method, which Experience told us was owing to the Coughs of that Year; we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that tho&s;e <HI>Effluvia,</HI> which were wont to be &s;ent out of the ma&s;s of bloud by in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, were turned in|ward by the Cold contracting the Pores of the Skin, and fell upon the Lungs, by irritating of which, they after rai&s;e a Cough. And &s;eeing by this means the hot and recrementitious Exhalations of the Bloud are detained, that they cannot pa&s;s the Pores of the Skin, a Fever is ea&s;ily kindled in the ma&s;s of bloud, where, that is, there is either &s;o great &s;tore of Exhalations, that the Lungs are not &s;ufficient to ca&s;t them off, or by &s;ome adventi|tious heat, either of Medicines or Regiment, that are hotter than they &s;hould be, the fire is aug|mented, as if Oil were thrown into it, and he that was already inclinable enough to a Fever, is thrown headlong into one. Leaning on this foun|dation, if the Cough had not brought the Fever, and tho&s;e other Symptoms, which we told you for the mo&s;t part joined them&s;elves with it, I thought it &s;ufficient to keep my Patient from fle&s;h, and all manner of &s;trong Liquours: I advi&s;ed him to u&s;e moderate Exerci&s;e, and to take the open Air: He drank now and then &s;ome cooling pecto|ral Pti&s;an. The&s;e little things were &s;ufficient both to conquer the Cough and the Fever, and to pre|vent other Symptoms. For as by ab&s;taining from fle&s;h, and &s;pirituous Liquours, and al&s;o by the u&s;e of cooling things, the bloud was &s;o contempered, as to be le&s;s apt for a febrile Impre&s;&s;ion; &s;o al&s;o by the help of Exerci&s;e the hot <HI>Effluvia</HI> of the Bloud, which, when the Pores of the Body were &s;topt by &s;udden Cold, being driven inwards, rai&s;ed a Cough, did more opportunely exhale, and were di&s;per&s;ed, to the Patient's great benefit. As for &s;topping of the Cough, danger was not wanting in attempting it by Narcoticks and Anodynes. Nor was there le&s;s danger, if one attempted the &s;ame by &s;pirituous Liquours and hot Medicines, becau&s;e when the matter of the Cough was invi&s;cated and hardned both the&s;e ways, tho&s;e Exhalations, which leaving the Bloud quietly and in&s;en&s;ibly, by Cough|ing vani&s;hed into Air, now when a pa&s;&s;age was denied them, being &s;hut up in the ma&s;s of bloud, cau&s;ed a Fever there. And this oftentimes &s;uc|ceeded very ill with many, who, while they en|deavoured to put a &s;top to the Cough by burnt Brandy, and other hot Liquours, did invite Pleu|ritick and Peripneumonick Affections. Nor were they in a le&s;s errour, who would by provoking Sweat, exterminate the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. For
<PB N="221" REF="116"> though Sweat bur&s;ting out &s;pontaneou&s;ly, does of|ten expell the morbifick Cau&s;e above all other Re|medies whatever, yet it is clear, that while we extort it, we inflame the bloud, and may kill him whom we would cure.</P>
<P>The Fever and its wor&s;t Symptoms were be&s;t op|po&s;ed by bleeding in the Arm, and a Bli&s;ter appli|ed to the Neck (for a pain in the Head, Back and Limbs followed the Cough) and by giving a Cly|&s;ter every day. In the mean time I advi&s;ed my Patient, every day to keep up from his Bed for &s;ome hours, to ab&s;tain from fle&s;h, and to &s;up &s;ome Pti&s;an or cooling, lenient Broth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> When two or three days were over, if the Pain in his &s;ide were not abated, but troubled him &s;till violently, I took away &s;ome bloud a &s;econd time, and I per|&s;uaded him to continue yet the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P>While in this manner we allowed the Di&s;ea&s;e time, that the Bloud might by degrees get off tho&s;e hot particles, that were fixt on the <HI>Pleura</HI> and Lungs, all the Symptoms u&s;ed quietly to vani&s;h. Whereas they that &s;et upon the Di&s;ea&s;e in a ho&s;tile manner, making as it were War with a huge force of Remedies, either lo&s;t their Patients; or at lea&s;t were forced to redeem their Life by bleeding, oft|ner repeated, than the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e did require, or indeed did &s;afely admit. For whereas in the true Pleuri&s;ie repeated Venae&s;ection does the whole bu&s;ine&s;s, and is alone &s;ufficient for cure (if &s;o be, that over hot Medicines and a regiment which fight again&s;t it, do not hinder.) On the contrary in this Symptome it was &s;ufficient to open a Vein once, or at lea&s;t twice, if &s;o be the Pati|ent were allowed to ri&s;e from his Bed, and u&s;e a cooling drink. But there was no nece&s;&s;ity to take bloud away oftner, unle&s;s where the &s;aid Symp|tome was very much increa&s;ed by the acce&s;&s;ion of heat from without: Nor even in this ca&s;e was it without danger altogether.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febres Puerperarum,</HI> or, Fevers of Wo|men in Childbed.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The De&s;cription and Cure of a Milk fever. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Putrid fever. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Symptomatical fever. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence we mu&s;t take the beginning of the Fever, from the day of bringing to Bed, or of the coming of the Fever. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. FEvers of lying-in Women are reckoned as it were of three &s;orts, a Milky, a Pu|trid, and a Symptomatick fever. The Milk fever ari&s;es, becau&s;e when the Brea&s;ts are filled and much di&s;tended with Milk, the bloud-ve&s;&s;els are com|pre&s;&s;ed &s;o that they cannot ea&s;ily tran&s;mit the bloud that flows that way: Whereupon the bloud being &s;topt in its Circuit, begins to be tumultuous in the whole ma&s;s, and when the Spirits are inor|dinately moved, and wholly confu&s;ed, it conceives an efferve&s;cence, and makes a &s;imple <HI>Synochus:</HI> Or becau&s;e the matter of the Milk traver&s;es the bloud, a great &s;hare whereof is in the Ma&s;s of bloud, and having left the Womb, that Liquour is tran&s;lated to the Brea&s;ts: Which if it exceed the due &s;tore of the nutritious juice, and &s;o all of it cannot be a&s;&s;imilated, but moreover abounds with heteroge|neous parts, it does as &s;ome extraneous thing, and not mi&s;cible, create trouble to the bloud, and a febrile efferve&s;cence of three days continuance is &s;pent in throwing of it out. This Fever is wholly committed to Nature, and as long as the <HI>Lochia</HI> go right, proceeds for the mo&s;t part &s;ucce&s;sfully e|nough, without the help of Phy&s;ick, for after the efferve&s;cence of the bloud, which is fini&s;hed in three or four days, either plentifull &s;weat, or free tran&s;piration ends this affection. Yet in the mean time above admi&s;&s;ion of Milk, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve that it is u&s;ual for them that will not give &s;uck, within two or three days after they are brought to Bed, to cover all their Paps with &s;ome a&s;tringent Pla&s;ters, (as <HI>Empla&s;trum de Minio,</HI> &amp;c.) for &s;o the glandulous &s;ub&s;tance of the Paps is a little con|tracted, &s;o that they do not &s;o readily receive the milky humour, that way &s;caturient. Yet this &s;ort of remedy mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly u&s;ed, le&s;t if milk be wholly excluded or forced too violently out of the Brea&s;ts, as it re&s;tagnates &s;uddenly into the bloud, it cau&s;e a di&s;order of the &s;ame, a forerun|ner of a Putrid or a Malignant fever.</P>
<P N="2">II. It proves a very difficult task to Phy&s;icians, to cure the Putrid fevers, becau&s;e all manner of Phy&s;ick is accounted by the Vulgar, not onely u&s;ele&s;s, but hurtfull for lying-in Women; where|fore Phy&s;icians are rarely called, but when there is no place left for Remedies, and all opportunity of doing good is over. But a twofold <HI>Methodus Me|dendi</HI> ought to be gone upon, (as in contagious Di&s;|ea&s;es) a Prophylactick and a Therapeutick. Al|though this Fever, how Malignant &s;oever it be, is never got by contagion, and tho&s;e that are by need not fear the taking of any poi&s;onous infection from without, yet all Child-bed Women have an inbred Mine of Virulence: Wherefore they have need of an exact Regiment, to the end that after their Delivery, the impurities of the bloud and humours may be rightly purged without the dan|ger of a Fever. Therefore the&s;e three things mu&s;t be inculcated to Phy&s;icians. Fir&s;t, that they pre|&s;cribe an exact cour&s;e of Diet, namely to feed of Oat-meal Caudle, &s;ometimes of Beer, &s;ometimes of white Wine and Water mixt together, &s;ometimes of Panada, and other light things, for a Week at lea&s;t. Becau&s;e they are much emptied, they may &s;up &s;omething the oftner, but no &s;olid or &s;trong food mu&s;t be given them. For I diligently ob&s;er|ved, that the over ha&s;ty eating of fle&s;h and dainty food has brought the&s;e Fevers: For lying-in Women &s;hould be treated not onely, as grievou&s;ly wounded men, but as having got a febrile indi&s;po&s;ition, from the di&s;turbed frame and temper of the bloud: Be|cau&s;e the bloud in them has long &s;ince been too much exalted, and being as it were touched with an im|pure Infection, upon the acce&s;&s;ion of any &s;ulphureous fewel, it quickly takes fire.</P>
<P>After Diet the &s;econd care is, le&s;t the pores be clo&s;ed, or the <HI>Lochia</HI> &s;topt by carele&s;ly admitting the outward Cold: For upon a very &s;mall occa&s;ion, when the order of tran&s;piration is altered, the bloud which was before efferve&s;cent, is di&s;ordered: And the Womb al&s;o at the approach of the Air contracts it &s;elf and the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els, &s;o that the <HI>Lo|chia</HI> are &s;topt from running; wherefore I would have Women kept at lea&s;t five days in Bed.</P>
<P>The third intention remains, that the flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> may be continued by a gentle prorita|tion of the bloud. The cure departs far from the method u&s;ed in Putrid fevers. For in this we mu&s;t not expect, that the bloud touched with a febrile burning, &s;hould cool gradually, and then that it &s;hould conquer the adu&s;t recrements gathered in its ma&s;s, and &s;eparate them by <HI>cri&s;is:</HI> But rather (as is done in a Malignant fever) a&s;&s;oon as the bloud begins to be in an immoderate ferment, it is convenient that it be gently &s;tirred by Diapho|retick Medicines, and that its heterogeneous and impure mixture be ca&s;t out. Wherefore among the vulgar (and that not ami&s;s) it is the cu&s;tome, pre&s;ently to give Sudorificks. By this means the Bloud being eventilated its Efferve&s;cence is &s;topt, and the <HI>Lochia,</HI> that are apt to be &s;topt,
<PB N="222" REF="117"> by the agitation of the bloud, are provoked to run. When therefore a Lying-in Woman is fir&s;t taken with this Fever, we mu&s;t forthwith doe our endea|vour that the fewel may plentifully be &s;ubtracted from the burning bloud, by a pre&s;cribed Diet, and forbidding of fle&s;h and broth thereof. In the mean time all cold and &s;typtick things mu&s;t be equally avoided: for they fix and thicken the bloud too much, and hinder its purging, which is very re|qui&s;ite, both by the <HI>Lochia,</HI> and by cutaneous tran&s;piration. But rather, although the Fever be urgent, let moderate hot things be given, Decoc|tions, or di&s;tilled waters of Marigold flowers, leaves of Pennyroyal, Mugwort, roots of <HI>Scorzonera,</HI> and Bezoartick powders, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, fixed Salts of herbs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the <HI>Lochia</HI> be &s;topt, we mu&s;t doe all our endeavour that their flux may be again promoted. If the Belly be bound, it mu&s;t be loo&s;|ned with an emollient Cly&s;ter. We mu&s;t have a care of too violent provocation; for it is manife&s;t that in Child-bed, as well as in a Malignant fever, by much going to &s;tool the &s;trength is &s;pent, toge|ther with a fainting of the Spirits. If at any time, with a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> there be a di&s;tur|bance in the bloud, vomiting, thir&s;t and watching, I have known <HI>Laudanum</HI> mixt with Saffron often gi|ven with good &s;ucce&s;s. 2. If notwith&s;tanding the u&s;e of the&s;e Remedies the Fever &s;till grow wor&s;e, and be &s;en&s;ibly encrea&s;ed with a wor&s;e <HI>apparatus</HI> of Symptoms, as if, be&s;ides Di&s;orders in the Bloud, the Brain and Nervous parts begin to be affected, Medicines, though many of &s;everal &s;orts be tried, are oftentimes able to doe but little good, yea in this ca&s;e the Indications do co-incide with tho&s;e that are to be u&s;ed in the Plague it &s;elf: &s;ince the <HI>Lochia</HI> when they have been &s;ome time &s;topt, cannot ea&s;ily, or &s;carce at all, be brought again in a great con|fu&s;ion of bloud and humours. Therefore it is good to quicken the motion by Diaphoreticks, namely, that the corruption impre&s;&s;ed on the bloud and ner|vous juice, and re&s;tagnating from the Womb, may in &s;ome mea&s;ure be ca&s;t off by &s;weat and in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration. Wherefore here Bezoartick Powders and Confections, Spirit of Hart&s;horn or Soot, Tinc|ture of Corals or Pearl, are good. I have &s;een &s;ometimes a little hope appear, by the help of the&s;e Medicines, with the Pul&s;e and other Symp|toms growing better for a little while; yet the cure &s;eldom &s;ucceeded: but when the u&s;e of the&s;e Cordials was left off, the Patients forthwith died with a weak Pul&s;e, as &s;oon as ever a Loo&s;ne&s;s came. 3. While the condition of the Patient does &s;till grow wor&s;e, as when wich the encrea&s;e of the Fe|ver the Pul&s;e is weak and unequal, and there are frequent &s;hakings and convul&s;ive Motions in the whole Body, with a <HI>Delirium</HI> and Stupidity, then the Phy&s;ician, having fir&s;t given the progno&s;tick of Death, mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t on a few remedies, and tho&s;e ge|nerally onely cordial; and let him ab&s;tain from Bleeding, Scarifying, Bli&s;ters and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: for &s;uch admini&s;trations onely beget hatred and ca|lumny, &s;o that for that rea&s;on they are accounted as Executioners, and hard hearted, among the Wo|men.</P>
<P N="3">III. The acute Di&s;ea&s;es of Lying in Women are &s;ometimes attended with &s;ome notorious Symp|tome, that is, Quin&s;ey, Pleuri&s;ie, Peripneumony, Dy&s;entery, Small-pox, and the like, and then they carry the names of the&s;e affections: I judge that all the&s;e Symptoms proceed from a certain Coagu|lation of the bloud, and from an Extrava&s;ation of it. But while the Bloud is extrava&s;ated in one part, all its natural and critical Efflux is &s;topt in another, wherefore there is danger, le&s;t while the bloud, begins to be coagulated, either in a particular and u&s;ual <HI>focus</HI> of congelation, or univer&s;ally in its whole ma&s;s, the running of the <HI>Lochia</HI> be forthwith &s;topt, which truly u&s;ually happens, and therefore the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are u&s;ually mortal to Lying-in Women. Among the&s;e the Quin&s;ey, Pleuri&s;ie and Peripneu|mony, becau&s;e of the Analogy of their Cau&s;e and Cure, may be con&s;idered together. When a Lying|in Woman is affected with any of the&s;e, at the ve|ry fir&s;t we mu&s;t endeavour, that the Bloud, which is fixt any where, and begun to be extrava&s;ated, may be re&s;tored to circulation, and not cau&s;e an Impo&s;thume, becau&s;e Lying-in Women are very &s;eldom, when they are taken with the&s;e Sympto|matical Fevers, cured either by ab&s;ce&s;s of the mat|ter or &s;pitting. Wherefore internal Remedies, which melt the bloud, and free it from Coagula|tion, mu&s;t be u&s;ed, &s;uch as are e&s;pecially Diapho|reticks, full of a volatile Salt, as Spirit of Hart&s;|horn, Soot, Urine, and al&s;o the Salts them&s;elves: al&s;o te&s;taceous and bezoatick powders, <HI>Lapis pru|nellae,</HI> Decoctions and Juleps of Vegetables that pro|voke the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> or Urine, among which things ap|propriate to the Womb may be mixt, not neglec|ting things externally di&s;cutient. In the mean time let the impetuous motion, and immoderate effer|ve&s;cence of the bloud be put far away, and the recre|ments thereof be &s;till carried downward by all means po&s;&s;ible, frictions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> By bleeding, if the pletho|ry be great in the whole, and the inflammation ve|ry acute in any part: And if nece&s;&s;ity be urgent, in the Arme; after this, another bleeding in the Legs (if it can be admitted) may follow. But I mu&s;t caution you, that you mu&s;t be very carefull how you practi&s;e bleeding in the&s;e ca&s;es, for unle&s;s it give ea&s;e (which I know &s;eldom &s;o happens) pre&s;ently, the Pul&s;e grows weak, and the Pati|ent's condition grows wor&s;e. A Dy&s;entery has its ri&s;e commonly from the like cau&s;e with the fore|&s;aid affections: But in this, becau&s;e the extrava|&s;ated bloud is pre&s;ently voided, nor being retained in the body does it create trouble there, and cor|rupt &s;till more; and &s;ince this way of evacuation is near the uterine Flux, and does not derive it ano|ther way; Therefore le&s;s danger is feared in this Di&s;ea&s;e, than in the fore&s;aid: Yet oftentimes this Di&s;ea&s;e is mortal to Lying-in Women, becau&s;e by the dy&s;entery things attemperating the bloud, and moderately a&s;tringent are indicated, but the&s;e are ob&s;erved too apt to &s;top the Flux of the <HI>Lochia.</HI> Wherefore in this ca&s;e, till Lying-in Women are &s;ufficiently clean&s;ed, let the cure of the other Di&s;|ea&s;e be omitted, let the violence of the Symptoms be re&s;trained onely by a&s;&s;uaging things. The Indi|cations of the Small-pox do not onely differ from the above&s;aid, but are accompanied with &s;uch as are contrary one to another: For the Flux of the <HI>Lo|chia</HI> requires to be &s;topt moderately; yet in the mean time &s;o, as that the Efflore&s;cence of the bloud and a gentle Tran&s;piration may be continued. For &s;eeing in this Di&s;ea&s;e the poi&s;onous ferment is two|fold, and the corrupt particles of the bloud are car|ried outward two ways, we mu&s;t have a care that the le&s;s and &s;traiter part, do not draw to its Thre&s;hold, either all the matter, or more than it can let out. Therefore le&s;t the <HI>Lochia</HI> running too freely &s;hould call in the Poi&s;on, that is apt to fly outwards, the Womens Diet mu&s;t be a little altered, and things that are alexiterick and a&s;tringent (as root of Tor|mentil and Bi&s;tort) mu&s;t be boiled in their Caudles. Al&s;o Powders, Juleps, and things that are endued with &s;uch a virtue, mu&s;t be given at due Intervals. Moreover in this ca&s;e the Women mu&s;t by no means be allowed to eat fle&s;h or the broth of it, or to ri&s;e from their Bed: But when re&s;t both of Mind and Body is procured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and a Diet ordered of &s;uch things as do not exagitate the bloud, the matter common|ly may be wholly committed to God and Nature.</P>
<P N="4">IV. It is much di&s;puted, whence the beginning of the&s;e Fevers &s;hould be computed, that is, whe|ther from their very delivery, or from the &s;en&s;e of a Fever. Neverthele&s;s it makes not much matter, whether the controver&s;ie be decided this way or the other. For becau&s;e this Fever does not equa|bly
<PB N="223" REF="117"> run through the u&s;ual &s;tages of Putrid fevers, nor will have a <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> nor admit the u&s;e of a Purging Medicine at all, we have no rea&s;on to be at all &s;o|licitous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> about its period, or the mea&s;uring it out into days.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Quartana,</HI> or, A Quartane-Ague.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bleeding is proper. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Often Bleeding is hurtfull. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud may be let in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Purge in the beginning? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Vomits, and the way te give them. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t Purge on the day of the Fit? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wherein the cure of a Quartane differs from that of other A|gues? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Phlegm mu&s;t be evacuated before the melancholick humour. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The harm of too much Purging. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a decoction that is both Emetick and Hidro|tick. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a Decoction of Turneps. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be &s;topt with Amulets, Narcoticks, and Febrifu|ges? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes cured by Cly&s;ters. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Fomentation. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alteratives mixt with food operate more &s;ucce&s;sfully. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sydenham</HI>'s method of Cure by the Peruvian Bark. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Through neglect of Remedies the Di&s;ea&s;e grows wor&s;e, and death follows. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THey are not to be hearkened to, who do not allow of Bloud-letting in a Quartane-Ague, unle&s;s the redundance of it appears by the &s;igns of turgid Veins, and other ways: for there is always, from the beginning, a <HI>Plethora ad vires,</HI> un|le&s;s it follow other long Fevers. And <HI>Galen</HI>'s rule is worthy of great commendation, 1 <HI>ad Glaucon.</HI> where, if the bloud, that is fir&s;t taken away, appear black, and foul, he would have a greater quantity of it ta|ken away; but if it be red and pure, he would have but a little taken away,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and bleeding to be repeated no more. &para; But although this rule &s;ome|time hold good, yet it is not always true; for as <HI>Avicenna,</HI> 1. 3. <HI>tract.</HI> 4. &s;ays, <HI>Oftentimes the bloud begins to run thin, but in the proce&s;s of the evacuation it is thick and black,</HI> becau&s;e the bloud that was without was good, and that within corrupt, and putrefaction lies hid in the inner parts.</P>
<P N="2">II. A young Man being tired out with a Quar|tane-Ague, forced the Chirurgeon to take more bloud from him, than was convenient for the di|&s;ea&s;e, or than he had &s;trength to foregoe. By which ra&s;h &s;ort of remedy, the Ague was &s;o far from being abated, that it was rather much increa&s;ed; and, by exhau&s;ting the fountain of life, it deprived the Bo|dy of its colour and comeline&s;s, leaving the <HI>Praecor|dia</HI> puft up, his Legs &s;wollen, his Stomach weak, and a continual loathing of Meat. And he always re|mained &s;o weakly, that in the &s;malle&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es he fell into mo&s;t violent Symptoms continually. There|fore,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 53.</NOTE> whoever you are, do not ra&s;hly irritate a Quartane, which kills no Man: You cannot doe it &s;cotfree, but you may ea&s;ily make it wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. Their opinion is to be laught at, who would have concoction tarried for, before bloud be let, becau&s;e at that time it is more fluid and thin: for it is better concocted and prepared, if its quantity be fir&s;t dimini&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. A Purge in the beginning mu&s;t not be &s;trong, for we mu&s;t deal gently with a Quartane-Ague all the beginning of it: by rea&s;on the humour, that is the cau&s;e of it, becau&s;e it is contumacious, and re|&s;i&s;ts expul&s;ion, unle&s;s it be abundantly prepared, is irritated by &s;trong Purges, and being irritated, it grows more fierce, and in&s;tead of a &s;ingle one, it be|comes a double Quartane. Therefore Antimony, and &s;uch things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ench<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r Med. Pract.</NOTE> &s;hould not be u&s;ed in the begin|ing. &para; Yet we ought not always to fear Purging in the beginning of Quartans; for if they ari&s;e from &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e not well purged, we &s;hould ut|terly purge out the evil by the root, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2. <HI>de morbis</HI> advi&s;es. Otherwi&s;e, &s;ome proceed here with &s;o much &s;cruple, that they affirm, we &s;hould not Purge at all; becau&s;e they have ob&s;erved, that Purges doe not any good, yea, they often wear out the &s;trength without remedy, by farther depaupe|rating the Ma&s;s of bloud, preferring &s;uch things as exalt and volatilize what is fixt, and cau&s;e a &s;piritu|ou&s;ne&s;s in the Ma&s;s of bloud, &s;uch as are Spirit of <HI>Sal Ammoniack,</HI> Flowers of <HI>Sal Ammoniack,</HI> with <HI>faecula Aronis,</HI> Salt of Tartar, Volatile Spirit of Sea-Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. The major part of Phy&s;icians agree, in gi|ving Vomits in the beginning of the Fit; becau&s;e Nature at that time is mo&s;t prone to that evacuati|on. And there is no que&s;tion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> but to give a Vomit in the beginning of a Fit, and to repeat it &s;everal times, when the Fits begin, makes the Di&s;ea&s;e milder and &s;horter. &para; Vomits are u&s;ed with great benefit, which are the proper remedies of a Quar|tane-Ague, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e natures, that di&s;charge their Liver and Spleen into the Stomach, and cau&s;e Reaching and Vomiting in the beginning of the Fits. For this purpo&s;e, 1 drachm of <HI>A&s;arum</HI> mixt with Whitewine may be given, yet with this cauti|on, that it at once taking it remove not the Ague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> it be repeated once a week, preparation and purging being u&s;ed between whiles. &para; It is con|venient to evacuate by Vomit, e&s;pecially if the Pa|tient be inclined to Vomit: for although the me|lancholick humour may &s;eem rather to require to be Purged downwards than upwards, becau&s;e it is thick and earthy; yet becau&s;e Quartanaries, through the weakne&s;s of their concoction, and the length of the Di&s;ea&s;e, gather much crude humours, which mu&s;t be carried off by Vomit, &s;o the matter is &s;ub|tracted from the Quartane, and al&s;o the melancho|lick humour often regurgitates from the Spleen in|to the Stomach, whence it may conveniently be evacuated. <HI>Saxonia,</HI> almo&s;t every Fit, gives a Vomit, with great benefit; and experience &s;hews, that no|thing is better than this remedy. And <HI>Galen</HI> u&s;ed White Hellebore, fir&s;t with Rhadi&s;h, then without. But the Moderns u&s;e their gentle Vomits, as <HI>Oxymel,</HI> with a decoction of Rhadi&s;h, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And if the Pati|ents be &s;trong, <HI>Hellebori&s;mus Heurnii</HI> may be u&s;ed: It is an extract of White Hellebore made by decocti|on: But it mu&s;t very &s;eldom be u&s;ed. Concern|ing the time of giving a Vomit, we mu&s;t take <HI>Avi|cenna</HI>'s advice, who pre&s;cribes a Vomit either before or after Meat. After Meat the Patient Vomits more ea&s;ily, but with le&s;s benefit: But if he be in|clinable to Vomit, it is better before Meat: So it draws better from the Veins, becau&s;e the virtue of the emetick is not abated by mixture with the Meat: Therefore it will be the be&s;t way not to u&s;e Vomits for once, but oftner; and if it be given on an Intermi&s;&s;ion-day, one will Vomit more ea&s;ily, and with le&s;s trouble after Meat: but on the Fit-day, becau&s;e the humour is ea&s;ily moved, and it is hurt|full to give Meat, it is better to give it fa&s;ting, ac|cording to <HI>Trallianus</HI> his advice: Wherefore the En|gli&s;h doe ill, who, when they take Vomits in the Fit, &s;wallow a great deal of drink, which is ve|ry hurtfull, as experience often &s;hews,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primirolius.</NOTE> that the Fits are thereby made more grievous and long, and the Stomach is weakned. &para; Seeing a dull and gro&s;s
<PB N="224" REF="118"> matter is peccant in a Quartane, which greatly re|&s;i&s;ts the commotion of Medicines, it mu&s;t be eva|cuated at that time, when it is di&s;turbed by Na|ture, and altered by putrefaction: which, &s;ince it is at the time of the Fit, it mu&s;t al&s;o, at that time, be evacuated. Which experience al&s;o per&s;wades, for I have cured &s;everal Quartanaries by giving them Hellebore:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Salius Diver&s;us,</NOTE> But we mu&s;t have a &s;trong &s;ubject to work upon, otherwi&s;e it would be a mi&s;chievous Medicine.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Although <HI>Hippocrates de Affect. n.</HI> 17. approve of Purging in the Fit, yet his opinion, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>de mor|bis,</HI> &s;hould rather be followed; where he repre|hends the old Phy&s;icians, for Purging on odd days: becau&s;e the humour is moved on tho&s;e days: Wherefore no wonder, if after the body is di&s;turbed by the motion of the humour, a new trouble ari&s;ing from the Phy&s;ick, do put the Patient in certain ha|zard. Indeed, there is &s;ome danger in Purging, when the &s;haking coming on di&s;turbs it begun; and there is a contrary motion of the hu|mours in the Fit to that which the Phy&s;ick makes, whence a great di&s;turbance may ari&s;e in the Body. But if we pre&s;cribe it, not indeed when the parox|y&s;m is in&s;tant, but five or &s;ix hours before, &s;o that the evacuation may be fini&s;hed before the Fit come, without doubt it will turn to the Patient's advan|tage; for that part of the humour, which would cau&s;e the Fit, is taken away, and Nature is ea&s;ed of part of her burthen. And let gentle Cathar|ticks be cho&s;en, which do not di&s;turb Nature. Thus the Phy&s;ick will not produce a motion contrary to what Nature intends, becau&s;e they are made at dif|ferent times, and do not concur; for purgation is &s;uppo&s;ed to be fini&s;hed before the coming of the Fit. Let us in this place hear the &s;olid judgment of <HI>Fernelius, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 12. <Q>On a quiet day Purging is &s;afer; on a di&s;turbed one, more expedite: for when the Di&s;ea&s;e gives le&s;s trouble, and the re|collected &s;pirits are &s;tronger, the violence and o|peration of the Medicine may better be born: but upon what day the Di&s;ea&s;e is exa&s;perated, and the di&s;turbed matter is in motion, it is more rea|dily carried off. And a little after; "In the in|termi&s;&s;ion of Agues, a Medicine &s;hould be given &s;o long a time before the Fit, as that the pur|gation may be complete before it: becau&s;e in the Fit the matter turns not to the Belly, but often another way, and oftentimes the Purging is &s;topt by the violence of the Fit, yet it is better to give a Purge before than after the Fit, and the day before a Quartane, than the day after.</Q> Yet gentle Purgatives may be given an hour before the Fit, to check it, which make revul&s;ion of the hu|mours rather, by irritating Nature, than by Purging the humours. For this <HI>pilulae de Sagapeno Camilli,</HI> com|mended by <HI>Quercetan,</HI> and by <HI>Stockerus</HI> in his <HI>Empirica,</HI> are famous, onely one of which is given in the be|ginning of a Fit, continuing it for &s;ome days, for they have a virtue of di&s;&s;olving gro&s;s and tartare|ous humours, and not onely of Purging.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Becau&s;e Melancholick per&s;ons u&s;ually a|bound with crudities, we mu&s;t therefore fir&s;t take care of the pituitous before the melancholick hu|mour, which mu&s;t be got out of the fir&s;t ways, fir&s;t by Vomit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> then by Cly&s;ter, and la&s;t of all by a gen|tle Purge.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. I judge, the cure of Quartans differs from the cure of other Agues in this, that in Quartans Medicines are requi&s;ite, which more effectually cut glutinous phlegm, and now and then dimini&s;h it; but carefully u&s;ed, till the glutinou&s;ne&s;s of the phlegm, being by degrees overcome, ob&s;tructions may be opened: Be&s;ides which, according to the diver&s;ity of the other humours that offend, more or le&s;s, other Medicines mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed, which are proper to correct them, and &s;ometimes al&s;o to dimini&s;h them. Which method, if the Phy|&s;icians pre&s;cribe, and the Patients follow, and if they ob&s;erve a good cour&s;e of Diet, they find a happy cure of their Quartane within a few weeks. As it falls out on the contrary, when either the Phy&s;icians, out of an inveterate prejudice, or de&s;ire of contradiction, contemn what they are ignorant of, or are too wi&s;e to imitate;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B &euml;.</NOTE> or the Patients being moro&s;e, and ob&s;tinate neglect their Pre&s;cription.</P>
<P N="9">IX. If there be any di&s;ea&s;e, which deceives a ha|&s;ty Phy&s;ician, it is a Quartane, which makes its <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> not by Days, but almo&s;t by Months. The hi&s;tory &s;hould be remembred, which is cited by <HI>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rell<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 33. <HI>Mr.</HI> N. &s;ays he, <HI>more than once, told me of the death of his Father, who peri&s;hed by the too much bleeding and purging of his Phy&s;icians, while he was ill of a Quartane</HI> This di&s;ea&s;e is exa&s;perated by &s;uch remedies, and turns to a double or a treble Quartane, wherefore we &s;hould rather have recour&s;e to Speci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">icks.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Sennertus, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de febr. c.</HI> 19. promi&s;ing what &s;hould be premi&s;ed, from <HI>Pedemont<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nus,</HI> commend<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;ingularly 2 drachms of the powder of <HI>A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">um.</HI> in a Gla&s;s of <HI>Cretan</HI> Wine, drinking it warm one hour be|fore the Fit, cau&s;ing Sweat with clothes: which be|ing over, he orders, to take Sage, Rue, Shepherds-pur&s;e each 1 pugil, to beat them with a little Vine|gar, and tie them to the wri&s;ts, and keep them on 24 hours, upon which the Ague cea&s;es. The <HI>A&s;ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</HI> thus taken, be&s;ides Sweat, cau&s;es Vomit, and towards the end of the Fit it al&s;o purges downwards.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I give tho&s;e that are ill of Quartans onely a decoction of Turneps for &s;everal days. I was told of this by the excellent <HI>Gamerius,</HI> who writes, how he cured an Abbat more &s;ucce&s;sfully by Turneps, than by any other Medicines. Pare them and boil them, throw away the fir&s;t water quickly, pour to them &s;ome new fair water, and boil them to pieces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crat. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">&s;.</HI> 256.</NOTE> &s;queeze out the juice carefully, and Sugar and fre&s;h-Butter without any Salt. If the Patient be &s;ubject to Wind, add &s;ome Cloves cut a little.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Although there be remedies, which may &s;top the Fits, and &s;o hide the Ague, that is, hinder Nature, from &s;eparating the pure from the impure, by the ebullition of the humours, in her allotted time, and &s;o at length from conquering the Ague; yet they are dangerous, and u&s;ually ca&s;t the Patient into a wor&s;e di&s;ea&s;e, unle&s;s they al&s;o evacuate, or that Evacuaters, as they ought,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="5 letters">us.</HI> Her<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Med. l. <HI>6.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> have been given be|fore. &para; Narcoticks indeed have an excellent vir|tue to &s;top the Fit; But unle&s;s the greater &s;hare of the morbifick humour be fir&s;t evacuated, and ob&s;truc|tions much abated, they may doe mi&s;chief, becau&s;e they retain the vitious humours in the body, and breed ob&s;tructions, and other more grievous di&s;ea|&s;es: Yet if they be given in a &s;mall quantity, and mixt with aperient and inciding things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">is.</NOTE> they will doe the le&s;s harm. &para; The la&s;t year was very fruit|full in Quartans: The remedies which oftne&s;t gave help, were &s;uch as &s;top the Ague-fit; for when the indi&s;po&s;ition of the bloud is a little amended, by the alteration of the &s;ea&s;on of the year, if the habitual cu&s;tome of the Fits be but broke a while, Nature recollects her &s;elf. And &s;uch an intention, though &s;ometimes it may be an&s;wered, by giving Vomits a little before the Fit (for they often &s;top the fe|brile motion of the bloud, by rai&s;ing a motion con|trary to it) yet this Indication (the &s;topping of the Fit) is far more certainly, yea and &s;ucce&s;sfully, performed by the u&s;e of Medicines, which do not at all evacuate the bowels, but give either a fixati|on to the bloud, or a praecipitation of the febrile matter for a time. Wherefore, tho&s;e I had under cure, provi&s;ion being made for the whole, giving &s;ometimes a Vomit, &s;ometimes a Purge, three hours before the Fit, I u&s;ed to order the Patients to ap|ply Pla&s;ters to the wri&s;ts, and to take &s;ome Febri|fuge powder in generous Wine, and to Sweat gent|ly in their Bed. It &s;eldom &s;o happened, but at the fir&s;t or &s;econd time the Ague fit was in this manner &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI> de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">b. c <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> and then the &s;ame remedy being re|peated, but the Di&s;ea&s;e went perfectly off. &para; When
<PB N="225" REF="118"> a tough Ague tires a Man out, many fly to Enchant|ments and Spells (or <HI>Periapta</HI>) which doe many good, and &s;top the Fit. Some of them, by an evi|dent and Phy&s;ical rea&s;on, by virtue of Medicines applied: Others onely by Opinion, to wit, when a firm A&s;&s;ent, and certain Hope do &s;econd Imaginati|on. For the Spirits and innate Heat, the chief In|&s;trument of the Soul, being excited and made brisker by the Soul, confirmed and &s;trengthned by &s;uch an imagination, do &s;tir up the natural force, languid and a&s;leep before, which afterwards re&s;i&s;ts the Di|&s;ea&s;e, which, if it be already in a great mea&s;ure bro|ken, as it is in the declen&s;ion, it is ea&s;ily conquered, and utterly taken off by the &s;trength of Nature, who is the curer of all Di&s;ea&s;es. But in the beginning and increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when the matter is much and contumacious, they may not be u&s;ed: for though Nature be &s;trong, &s;he is unable to overcome the morbifick cau&s;e. Such things therefore &s;hould not be neglected, when the Di&s;ea&s;e declines apace, and is already broken by other Medicines. The other &s;ort is of them, which may doe good on a Phy&s;i|cal account, that is, applied to the Wri&s;ts, who&s;e virtue reaches the Heart, by means of the circula|tion of the bloud (to the interruption of which, the original of Agues is a&s;&s;igned by many) and do &s;top the turge&s;cence and fermentation of this and the febrile matter: namely, &s;ome corpu&s;cles, or <HI>ef|fluvia,</HI> do pa&s;s from them into the bloud, which vio|lently fix and bind its particles, or by melting and moving,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> do, as it were, precipitate: Either way the &s;pontaneous efferve&s;cence of the bloud is hindred, ju&s;t as when cold water is poured into a boiling pot. &para; But to the&s;e Enchantments, or <HI>Periapta,</HI> which Dr. <HI>Willis</HI> &s;peaks of, I would object the authority of the learned and pious <HI>Sennertus,</HI> who, <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>p.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 10. &s;eems to condemn all &s;uch things as Diabolical. His words are the&s;e; <Q>The healing of the Wound, which is attributed to the <HI>&V;nguentum Armarium,</HI> is, for the mo&s;t part, Nature's work (which often cures, not onely &s;light Wounds, but mo&s;t grie|vous ones:) Which is evident from hence, that there are &s;o many &s;everal compo&s;itions of this Ointment, and &s;ome u&s;e onely a piece of Bacon in&s;tead of it, and neverthele&s;s the wounds are cu|red. But if by u&s;ing this Medicine any grievous wound be cured, which &s;eems to be above the power of Nature, it is done by the power of the Devil, who, by &s;ome compact, either implicite or explicite, is drawn to cure the wound. Nor do they remove the &s;u&s;picion of this matter, when they object, that all &s;imples are natural; and that no Characters, Conjurations, or Inchantments, are u&s;ed, either in the compo&s;ition or inunction: For the Devil does not onely hide his compact un|der them, but al&s;o under natural things, if at his command (as it is done in the fir&s;t and explicite compact, in which others, who u&s;e the &s;ame, may unawares involve them&s;elves) if natural things be turned to other u&s;es, than what GOD crea|ted them for; And thus Diabolical and Magi|cal Actions are wrapt up and obtruded as Magne|tick ones.</Q> If therefore <HI>Sennertus</HI> allows not a na|tural thing with Inchantment, Why &s;hould we fol|low <HI>Willis</HI> his Fancy, deluded by Enchantment, though he give a natural rea&s;on for it?</P>
<P N="13">XIII. If the body be co&s;tive, I judge moi&s;tning Cly&s;ters of a decoction of Speedwell, and <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> may very well be given: And I can truely &s;ay, that I cured a Great Man (when he de&s;pi&s;ed all other remedies) onely by the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters, but this mu&s;t be done in them, who in the begin|ning of the Fits have a griping in their Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crate.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. I have heard from a famous Phy&s;ician, that he was almo&s;t killed with a Quartane, and was cu|red by an Empirick in this manner; Fir&s;t of all he u&s;ed Fomentations to the part affected in the begin|ning of the Fit, that in proce&s;s of time he might carry off the matter: For it mu&s;t be carefully ob|&s;erved, what part of the body is ill at the coming of the Fit; and that mu&s;t be carefully fomented.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. But I think it is better to mix Alteratives with Meat, than to give them alone, as the trivial Phy&s;icians of our times u&s;e to doe, who, unle&s;s they give Syrups, Apozemes, di&s;tilled Waters, Elec|tuaries, and Purging Medicines, they think they doe nothing de&s;erving a good Phy&s;ician. And hence it is, that weak per&s;ons being glutted with the repetition of them, loath them, and that they are not aright reduced into act in the Stomach, which is the cau&s;e that they operate unhappily: Where|fore it is certain at that time, that they doe not onely no good, but much harm, &s;eeing oftentimes, becau&s;e of them, &s;ickly and weak per&s;ons loath their food, and are thereby weakned. But they that follow <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> and acquie&s;ce in his advice, 1 <HI>Epid.</HI> who &s;ays, <HI>You mu&s;t exerci&s;e your &s;elf in this, that at lea&s;t, if you doe no good, you may doe no hurt,</HI> will reckon it far better, not to give a thin diet, nor alterative Medicines alone; but to mix with things, that nou|ri&s;h and breed good chyme, &s;uch things as may by little and little amend the morbinck intemperature of the parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de v <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iu Febr.</NOTE> (You mu&s;t under&s;tand the&s;e things of a Quartane, which follows other di&s;ea&s;es.)</P>
<P N="16">XVI. As for the cure of Quartans, There is no man, I &s;uppo&s;e, that is but moderately conver&s;ant in this Art, who can be ignorant, how little all the&s;e methods an&s;wer expectation, which have hitherto been de&s;igned to take off this <HI>opprebrium</HI> from Phy&s;ici|ans, if we except the Peruvian Bark, which yet oft|ner procures truce for the Di&s;ea&s;e, than conquers it: For when it has lain hid a fortnight or three weeks, to the great emolument of the Patient, who, having been ill handled by it, gets in the mean time a little breath, it comes afre&s;h, and is as bad as ever; and, for the mo&s;t part, let this Medicine be never &s;o often repeared, the Di&s;ea&s;e is not conquer|ed under a long tract of time. Neverthele&s;s I will relate, what I have experienced, about the method of giving it. We mu&s;t have a care above all things, that this Bark be not given too &s;oon, that is, not before the Di&s;ea&s;e have &s;pent it &s;elf a little (un|le&s;s the decay of &s;trength in the Patient requires it to be given &s;ooner.) For there is not onely fear, that it may be rendred ineffectual by its too ha&s;ty u&s;e, but that the Patients life may be endangered, if we give a &s;udden check to the bloud, as it is clean&s;ing it &s;elf, with all its might, by fermentation. In the next place, part of the febrile matter mu&s;t not be &s;ubtracted, neither by Purging, nor much le&s;s by Bleeding, to the end the Bark may doe its office more freely: for &s;eeing, by either of the&s;e things, the oeconomy of the body is &s;poiled in &s;ome mea&s;ure, the Fits will &s;o much the &s;ooner, and more &s;urely return, as &s;oon as the virtue of the Powder is &s;pent. I think it more to the purpo&s;e, if we lightly tinge the bloud with the &s;aid Medicine by degrees, and a long time after the Fits, than for us to try to kill the Fit, when it is ju&s;t coming, all at once; for by this means, both more time is given to the Medicine, to doe its work in, and all the dan|ger is avoided that may ari&s;e to the Patient, from the &s;udden and un&s;ea&s;onable check, whereby we en|deavour to oppre&s;s the Fit, when it is growing &s;trong, and exerting it &s;elf with all its might. La&s;t|ly, this Powder mu&s;t be repeated at &s;uch &s;hort In|tervals of time, as that the virtue of the fir&s;t do&s;e may not be &s;pent, before another be given: For by this often repetition, an <GAP DESC="foreign"> (or good habit) will at length be recovered, and the Di&s;ea&s;e quite driven away. Being per&s;waded by the&s;e rea&s;ons, I prefer this method to all others; Let 1 ounce of Bark of <HI>Peru</HI> be mixt with 2 ounces of Con&s;erve of Red Ro&s;es;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham. <HI>ob&s;. p.</HI> 97.</NOTE> and let the Patient take the quantity of a large Nutmeg morning and evening, every day, that is, without a true Fit, till he have taken the whole. Let it be repeated again three times, four|teen days always between.</P>
<P N="17"><PB N="226" REF="119">XVII. The Reverend <HI>N.</HI> a &s;anguine Man, forty years old, after another Fever in Autumn, fell into a Quartane: of which, when about Spring-time, he was a little better, <HI>N.</HI> foretold him, when he was in a neutral &s;tate of health, that he would be grievou&s;ly &s;ick, but might recover, if he had a care of taking Phy&s;ick. He tru&s;ting to this Progno&s;tick, refu&s;ed all help of Phy&s;ick &s;o long, till fir&s;t an a|bundance of humours fell from his head, and parts thereabout, upon his left &s;houlder, which being neglected, with a &s;low defluxion inter&s;ected the left Mu&s;cles of the Belly, where an Inflammation ari&s;ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rus.</NOTE> abundance of filthy <HI>Pus</HI> bread, and he died a little after. &para; When the Di&s;ea&s;e is removed, the Patient mu&s;t be carefully Purged: for it were in|credible to tell, what a power of Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e for want of Purging after Autumnal Fevers. And I wonder this is &s;o little taken either care or notice of by Phy&s;icians. For whenever I ob&s;erved a Man in years to be taken with an Ague, and that he neg|lected Purging, I could certainly foretell, he would afterwards be taken with &s;ome dangerous di&s;ea&s;e, though he little dreamed of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Syd<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nham, <HI>Ob&s;. p.</HI> 104.</NOTE> as if he had been perfectly cured.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Quotidiana Phlegmatica,</HI> or a Quotidian, or Phlegmatick Ague.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure mu&s;t &s;ometimes be amethodical. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Joined with a Catarrh cured in an old Man. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we Purge. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet is proper? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Garlick. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine may be given? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care the Body be not loo&s;e. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salt Fi&s;h is a proper food. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN this Ague &s;everal intentions come under con&s;ideration; namely, we mu&s;t endeavour all we can, that the Stomach may be di&s;charged of the load of humours, the ob&s;tructions of the bow|els opened, weakne&s;&s;es &s;trengthned, and, together with the&s;e things, that the dy&s;cra&s;ie of the bloud may be amended, and the Ague-fits &s;topt. Wherefore, becau&s;e of &s;uch intentions as the&s;e we mu&s;t go a long way to the Cure: Be&s;ides Vomits, Purges, Dige&s;tives, and Deob&s;truents, me mu&s;t often give &s;uch things as re&s;tore the ferments of the bloud and bowels, and correct their dy&s;cra&s;ies: Wherefore, fixt Salts of herbs, their extracts, acid mineral Spi|rits, and &s;ometimes preparations of Steel, are very good. Concerning the&s;e means, there lies a dif|ferent task, &s;ince, becau&s;e of the manifold evil, ma|ny things mu&s;t be done at once, yet becau&s;e of the a&s;&s;iduity of the Ague-fit, the Patient has but time to u&s;e few of them. In the&s;e complicated di&s;tem|pers, though the form of method require us, fir&s;t to remove impediments, and then to cure the Di&s;ea&s;e; yet I have known &s;uch an Ague in a cacochymick body, accompanied with &s;everal other illne&s;&s;es, has been cured a methodically, and in an Empirical man|ner: That is, after a little provi&s;ion for the whole, they fir&s;t ea&s;ed the Ague-fit, by applying febrifuges outwardly, that an opportunity might be taken of curing the re&s;t better afterwards. I vi&s;ited a Gen|tlewoman, who had long been of a cachectick ha|bit of body, &s;he was taken a month after her Lying-in, with a languid Quotidian-ague, after &s;ix or &s;even Fits, whereby &s;he was brought &s;o low, that &s;he could not ri&s;e from her bed, nor take the lea&s;t nou|ri&s;hment, but great trouble was created thereby to her Stomach: Moreover, the region of her Stomach, and her left <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> was be&s;et with an hard, renitent, and exceeding painfull &s;welling all over: be&s;ides the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters, there was no room for evacuation, becau&s;e of the lowne&s;s of &s;trength: Her Stomach loathed any the mo&s;t gratefull Medicines. In this difficult ca&s;e, which was circum&s;cribed with|in narrow bounds of cure, I advi&s;ed the&s;e few things, namely, twice a day to take two ounces of <HI>Aqua magi&s;tralis lumbricorum,</HI> with &s;ix drops of <HI>Elixir pro|prietatis</HI> in it. Moreover, I ordered a fomentation to be applied to her Stomach, of leaves of Pontick Wormwood, Centaury, Southernwood, with Roots of Gentian boiled in a Pot well covered: and after that a To&s;t of Bread, dipt in the &s;ame liquour, to be applied upon the region of the Stomach. Be|&s;ides, I ordered febrifuge Pla&s;ters to be applied to her Wri&s;ts. And by the&s;e remedies onely &s;he mi&s;t her Fit the third day, and remained free from it af|terwards;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> e. g. l. de feb.</NOTE> and then in a &s;hort time &s;he perfectly recovered by the u&s;e of chalybeate Medicines.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Illu&s;trious <HI>Ve&s;lingius</HI> and I &s;everal times vi|&s;ited <HI>Andrew Argol,</HI> the famous Mathematician, when he was very old, and lying ill of a kind of Quoti|dian ague (with long de&s;tillations, yet not cu&s;to|mary to him; when the Spring was far come on) of which he recovered not &s;o much by Medicines, as by ab&s;tinence, concoction of the humours, and &s;trengthning of the innate heat being procured there|by: For he took nothing but Alo&euml;tick Pills, called <HI>Aloephangini,</HI> and Cichory Broth. A rare example in our times, but very conformable to the Pre&s;crip|tions of the Ancients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> with whom &s;uch Ab&s;tinence and ob&s;ervations of a <HI>Diatritaios</HI> were very u&s;ual.</P>
<P N="3">III. In a Latick Ague we mu&s;t have a care of Pur|ges, or they mu&s;t be very gentle, and given with great caution: for the humour that is the cau&s;e of the Ague, is diper&s;ed through the whole to the mi|nime parts, after the manner of the natural moi|&s;ture, the coction and &s;eparation whereof. Nature regards not; but, becau&s;e of its mixtion in minime parts with the natural humidity, &s;he keeps it: Wherefore I have not known &s;uch per&s;ons cured either by Purging or Bleeding. Nay, if the Belly be loo&s;e, either of it &s;elf, or with Phy&s;ick, they grow wor&s;e, and the good being evacuated with the bad, before &s;eparation be made, they dye, where|fore we mu&s;t proceed rather with a good cour&s;e of Diet, than with Medicines.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In a Phlegmatick Ague, which the <HI>Arabians</HI> call <HI>Latick,</HI> or <HI>Latent,</HI> much of the innate heat is &s;pent, therefore we mu&s;t give food that nouri&s;hes much. The Body is troubled with a moi&s;tning and laxative humidity, from a cold and moi&s;t humour, but becau&s;e of putrefaction turned hot and dry. Wherefore the body is affected with this Fever, as if &s;ome part were put in boiling water, where|fore &s;ome have called this the <HI>Ebullient Ague.</HI> The proper food for &s;uch as are taken with this di&s;ea&s;e, mu&s;t be actually cold and dry, but potentially moi&s;t. And this is, that it may dry up the moi&s;tning humi|dity, and that it may re&s;tore the body, deprived of the innate moi&s;ture, and harden the lax members. Now this is difficult to find in a Simple, wherefore you mu&s;t thus make a Sorbition; Boil a Phea&s;ant, or Partridge, or a Kid (for the&s;e are the be&s;t of Fle&s;h) with Roots and Rinds of Citron, and leaves of Artichoaks; boil them to a Broth, make a Sor|bition with Bread. The Artichoak removes the moi&s;tning and laxative humidity, hardens a lax part, and that without the wa&s;ting of the innate moi&s;ture; Be&s;ides, it opens and provokes Urine, and penetrates deep, which is required to the cure of this Fever, becau&s;e the humour is di&s;per&s;ed to the minime parts of the body. Whence any one may rea&s;ona|bly gather, that a thick and plentifull Urine, and Sweat, are two remedies of this Ague.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de victis febri|cit. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> Nor mu&s;t it be omitted, that above all Humorary Fevers, this Quotidian Ague requires a Diet, that may &s;trengthen
<PB N="227" REF="119"> Body much,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Brudus</HI> de victu febri|cit. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> after the manner of a Hectick, to which it is very like.</P>
<P N="5">V. Nor mu&s;t I pa&s;s by in &s;ilence, that for them who are thus &s;ick, it is very good to boil Garlick, e&s;pecially for &s;uch as are u&s;ed to it, in their Meat and Broths: for it has a prerogative in &s;trength|ning the natural faculties, and repairing the da|mages therein, which ari&s;e from the exce&s;s of two qualities, that is, cold and moi&s;ture; moreover, it corrects the faults of the putrid humour, when it is di&s;per&s;ed all the body over; it has al&s;o the faculty of driving from the centre to the circumference. Neverthele&s;s, becau&s;e of its heat and acrimony, but little of it mu&s;t be mixt with Broths,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and it mu&s;t be fir&s;t &s;teeped in Sorrel juice.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The proper drink for them is Whitewine, &s;mall, defaecate and clear, of which take two parts, Pomegranate juice of a middle ta&s;te, half of one part; Water, wherein fre&s;h Maiden hair has been boiled, one part. Mix them. But you mu&s;t take care, that the Wine be very weak which you give them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> otherwi&s;e it will doe them no &s;mall harm.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t take very great care that they be not loo&s;e in their Bellies, but rather on the contrary, we mu&s;t endeavour to make the Body co&s;tive, by things that open the pores of the Skin, and provoke Sweat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Trallianus, lib.</HI> 12. <HI>cap.</HI> 17. in Quotidian Agues, when the Liver and mouth of the Stomach are cool|ed, and there is a Vomiting of Phlegm, approves of pickled things, and other hot things: for a cold and moi&s;t Stomach bears all extenuaters without harm. <Q>I ventured, <HI>&s;ays he,</HI> once, to give a certain Man, who had every day a Fit of an Ague, and Vomited Phlegm, &s;alt things, and the Fi&s;h pick|led, which the Greeks call <GAP DESC="foreign">, al&s;o Brine, and Leek-pottage, and he grew wonderfull well.</Q> In which ca&s;e, above all other &s;alt meats, I &s;hould give a pickled Herring, becau&s;e it is ea&s;ie of con|coction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paulus Neu|crantz <HI>de H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rango.</HI></NOTE> and not grievous to a weak Stomach, and in goodne&s;s of juice, and gratefullne&s;s, comes behind none.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Rheumati&s;mi comes,</HI> or, A Fever attending a Rheumati&s;m. (See <HI>Rheumati&s;mus,</HI> BOOK XV.) The De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>THis Di&s;ea&s;e came mo&s;t in Autumn, u&s;ually upon this occa&s;ion, <HI>&s;cil.</HI> When the Patient had over|heated him&s;elf by exerci&s;e, or any other way, and immediately took cold upon it. It begins the tra|gedy with a chilne&s;s and &s;haking, then immediately follow heat, re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s, thir&s;t, and all the other un|happy &s;ymptoms, which attend Fevers. After one or two days, (and &s;ometimes &s;ooner) the Patient is taken with a grievous pain in this or that Limb, e&s;pecially in the Wri&s;ts, Shoulders and Knees, which often &s;hifts places, and takes them by turns, a lit|tle redne&s;s and &s;welling &s;till remaining in the part which it la&s;t &s;ei&s;ed. For a few of the fir&s;t days, the Fever, and the recited Symptoms rarely concur: But the Fever in&s;en&s;ibly vani&s;hes, while the pain remains, yea, and is &s;ometimes more raging, becau&s;e the febrile matter is tran&s;lated to the limbs, which the Fever it &s;elf &s;ufficiently argues, becau&s;e it often returns upon the repelling of the morbifick matter, by un&s;ea&s;onable application of externals. This Di|&s;ea&s;e, when it is without a Fever, is often reckoned the Gout, though it be e&s;&s;entially di&s;tingui&s;hed there|from, as will ea&s;ily appear to any Man, who perfectly knows both di&s;ea&s;es. If it be unskilfully handled, it often torments the wretched Man, not onely months, but &s;everal years, yea, all his life-time; though i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> this ca&s;e it does not always &s;ei&s;e him with the &s;ame vigour, but in certain paroxy&s;ms periodically repeat|ed, and now and then like the Gout. Yea, it may &s;o happen, that when the &s;aid pains have a long time grievou&s;ly tormented a Man, they, at length, cea&s;e of them&s;elves, and the Patient in the mean time may be deprived of all motion in his limbs till his dying day, the joints of his fingers being as it were turn|ed in, and knotty protuberances, as in the Gout, &s;hewing them&s;elves in the in &s;ide rather than the out-&s;ide of the fingers, and neverthele&s;s he may have a good &s;tomach, and in all other re&s;pects be well in health.</P>
<P>There is al&s;o another &s;ort of this Di&s;ea&s;e, be|longing to this place, which may very aptly be cal|led a Rheumatick <HI>Lumbago,</HI> (of which BOOK X. <HI>tit. Lumbago.</HI>) becau&s;e both the&s;e &s;orts of Di&s;ea&s;es &s;eem to ari&s;e from Inflammation, which both the fore&s;aid <HI>Phaenomena</HI> do argue, and e&s;pecially the co|lour of the bloud, when it is let, which is as like the bloud of Pleuritick per&s;ons, as an Egg is like an Egg; nor can any Man doubt, but the&s;e people la|bour of an Inflammation. The ca&s;e &s;tanding thus, I think the cure can be begun no other way but by bleeding, the bloud in the mean time being temper|ed, and its exce&s;&s;ive heat abated, as well by cooling and incra&s;&s;ating Medicines, as by a convenient regi|ment.</P>
<P>And therefore I immediately order 10 ounces of bloud to be taken from the Arm of the &s;ide affected, and I pre&s;cribe a cooling, incra&s;&s;ating Julep, to drink of it at plea&s;ure: For his pain, a Catapla&s;m of the crum of Hou&s;hold-bread and Milk tinged with Saffron, to be often renewed. But I forbid him Fle&s;h, and all broth of it. And I would have him ri&s;e out of his Bed a few hours every day, be|cau&s;e the heat that comes from continual lying in bed, increa&s;es the Di&s;ea&s;e. The day following I take away as much bloud, and two or three days after, according to the Patient's &s;trength, I take as much a third time, and then within four or five days (as the &s;trength, age, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of the Patient re|quire) I bleed again the fourth, and u&s;ually the la&s;t time: for it &s;eldom happens, that we open a Vein above four times, except either a regiment, hotter than it &s;hould be, have preceded, or hot Medicines have been given without any nece&s;&s;ity. Nay, even Anodynes require plentifull bloud-let|ting.</P>
<P>Wherefore, let the pain be never &s;o cruel, through the whole cour&s;e I religiou&s;ly ab&s;tain from Ano|dynes, becau&s;e by u&s;ing them the Di&s;ea&s;e is fixt, and does not &s;o ea&s;ily give way to bleeding, which mu&s;t for that very rea&s;on be the oftner celebrated, becau&s;e the&s;e Medicines have been too officiou&s;ly given. And what if in the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e they are not able to give that ea&s;e, which they pretend to? In the mean time, on tho&s;e days he does not bleed, I or|der a Cly&s;ter now and then to be given him, and I earne&s;tly exhort them to take care, he have one gi|ven him every day, for eight days at lea&s;t, after his la&s;t bleeding; after which time I order him to take a gentle Purging Potion of Lenitives, and the even|ing following a pretty large do&s;e of <HI>Syrupuc de Me|conio</HI> in Cow&s;lip-flower-water, to the end the com|motion of the bloud, which might endanger a re|lap&s;e, may wholly be repre&s;&s;ed.</P>
<P>We mu&s;t take notice, it is not &s;o advi&s;able, when the Rheumati&s;m has been &s;ettled for &s;ome years, to let bloud at as &s;hort intervals, as at the begin|ning of it; but it is better to determine the&s;e re|peated venae&s;ections at the di&s;tance of &s;ome weeks, which at length will either carry off the whole matter, or will doe it &s;o far, as that by making an I&s;&s;ue in each Leg, and taking &s;ome of Dr. <HI>Goddard</HI>'s drops in Canary-wine morning and evening,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters"></NOTE> the re|mainders of it will be extirpated.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="228" REF="120">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Scarlatina,</HI> or A Scarlet Fever. Its De&s;cription and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>ALthough a Scarlet Fever may come at any time, yet it u&s;ually comes towards the latter end of Summer, at which time indeed it takes whole Fa|milies, but Children e&s;pecially. They are at fir&s;t chill, and &s;hake, as in other Fevers; but they that are taken with this, are not very &s;ick; afterwards their Skin all over is be-&s;tudded with little red &s;pots, much thicker and broader, and far redder, than in the Mea&s;les, but not &s;o uniform. The&s;e Spots remain for two or three days, which at length vani&s;hing, and the Cuticle underneath parting, there remains a branny Scurf, as if Meal had been &s;trewed on the Body, which comes and goes off a|gain twice or thrice.</P>
<P>Becau&s;e this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eems to me nothing but a little efferve&s;cence of the bloud, cau&s;ed by the heat of the preceding Summer, or &s;ome &s;uch way, I doe nothing at all to hinder the bloud from de&s;puma|ting and di&s;charging the peccant matter by the Pores of the Skin, which is ready at hand. Where|fore both on the one hand ab&s;taining from Bleeding and Bli&s;ters (by which &s;ort of Remedies, Revul&s;i|on being made, I &s;uppo&s;e, the Particles annoying the Bloud would be more intimately mixt with it, and the motion mo&s;t congruous to Nature would be checkt) and on the other hand from giving of Cordials, by who&s;e Heat perhaps the Bloud would more impetuou&s;ly be di&s;turbed, than the gentle &s;eparation requires, which it is then wholly upon (and why may not a more violent Fever be kind|led with this Tinder?) I reckon it &s;ufficient, to keep the Patient wholly from Meat, and from all &s;pirituous Liquours whatever; and that he neither go abroad nor lye always in bed. When the Skin is skaled off, and the Symptoms cea&s;ed, I reckon it good to purge the Patient with &s;ome gentle Purge, accommodate to his age and &s;trength. By this &s;imple and plainly natural method this name of a Di&s;ea&s;e (for it &s;carce amounts to more) is ea&s;ily removed without trouble or any danger: Whereas on the contrary, if we trouble the Patients, by impri&s;oning them continually in bed, or by exce&s;|&s;ive giving of Cordials, or other unnece&s;&s;ary Me|dicines, over learnedly, and (as they &s;ay) <HI>&s;ecun|d&ugrave;m artem,</HI> the Di&s;ea&s;e is pre&s;ently encrea&s;ed, and the Patient oftentimes for no other rea&s;on, but his Phy&s;ician's over-diligence, goes to the greater Number.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Syncopalis,</HI> or, A Swooning Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When it comes of Humours, &s;ometimes Bloud may be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit may be given? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Nature and Cure. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough <HI>Galen,</HI> 12. <HI>Meth.</HI> 3. be utterly a|gain&s;t Bleeding, becau&s;e it cannot be done without great lo&s;s of &s;trength, being con|tent onely with that evacuation, which is made by friction; Yet <HI>Trallianus,</HI> who is backed by <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Averroes,</HI> advi&s;es Bleeding, that is, where the hu|mour is half concocted, and abounds with &s;tore of bloud. But if the humours be of another nature, if they be cold and crude, if the Winter, Con&s;ti|tution, Clime and Age be cold, and if the Bloud be little and good, Bleeding would doe harm; be|cau&s;e &s;o the Patient is filled with crude and cold humours, according to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> 4. 1. <HI>c.</HI> 20. And this place of <HI>Galen</HI>'s mu&s;t be under&s;tood of extreme Crudity: for, in another, <HI>de S. M. c.</HI> 12. it appears, we may bleed, where the humours are not very crude. <Q>Where, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> there is need of much evacuation, but the &s;trength is low, in &s;uch we mu&s;t part evacuation, as you &s;aw me doe in them who had abundance of crude juices: for, when a little Bloud is taken away, I pre&s;ently give Melicrate well boiled, with &s;ome inciding Medicine, and &s;o I let bloud again, either the &s;ame day, or &s;ometimes the next, then I give &s;ome of the afore&s;aid Medicines again, and take away a little bloud again, and &s;o again on the third day, as I did before</Q>. For as Fire is choaked with hea|ping up a great deal of green Wood upon it, unle&s;s part of it be removed, which when taken away, the Flame breaks out, &s;o we mu&s;t judge the &s;ame of our innate heat, which langui&s;hes with a ma&s;s of crudities, unle&s;s the &s;uperfluous load of humours be disburthened by means of Bloud-letting.</P>
<P N="2">II. Evacuation of the humour contained in the Stomach by Vomit may be attempted, but with gentle Medicines, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 14. by giving fre&s;h Oil of &s;weet Almonds to 8 ounces, to which, to make it &s;tronger, I would add 2 ounces of Juice of Citron or Lemon: And to make him vomit the more ea&s;ily, according to <HI>Gallen,</HI> by hea|ting the hands, feet, and the mouth of the &s;tomach. Yet here <HI>Galen</HI> cau&s;es a doubt, who, <HI>l. c.</HI> in the be|ginning forbids evacuating Medicines, before the Stomach be &s;trengthned. Again, afterwards he writes, that they who faint becau&s;e of ill humours at the mouth of the Stomach, mu&s;t be made to vo|mit with Water and Oil, and he makes no mention of &s;trengthning the Stomach. I an&s;wer, that he &s;up|po&s;es the fretting humours in the cavity of the Sto|mach, not fixt in the Coats. 2. When he writes, that the Stomach mu&s;t fir&s;t be &s;trengthned before evacuation, we mu&s;t under&s;tand it of &s;ome great e|vacuation which is made by Bleeding or &s;trong Phy|&s;ick, not by gentle things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">R. &agrave; Fon&s;eca. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 20. <HI>Tom.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and then he &s;trengthens the Stomach inwardly and outwardly.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Galen</HI> in the Cure of this Fever ab&s;tains from all evacuation, and onely procures coction and attenu|ation of the humours, partly by revul&s;ion with fric|tions, which al&s;o attenuate and evacuate, after which he anoints with Oil of Ani&s;eeds, for di&s;&s;olution: Nor does he attempt any &s;en&s;ible evacuation, un|le&s;s &s;ometimes by a Cly&s;ter, or giving crude <HI>Mul&s;a</HI> and <HI>Oxymel</HI> with Hy&s;&s;op, and he gives nothing el&s;e till the &s;eventh day, becau&s;e where there is crude phlegm, Fa&s;ting is ea&s;ily born. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> confirms this Cure, who in anxious Fevers, where the Pati|ent can get no re&s;t, and the extreme parts are cold, gives nothing el&s;e but aqueous <HI>Oxymel,</HI> nor does he u&s;e any Sorbition till the declen&s;ion. On the con|trary, the <HI>Arabians, Trallianus</HI> and his Followers re|prehend the afore&s;aid Cure, becau&s;e Friction is but a &s;light and long Remedy: and the Patient cannot &s;ub&s;i&s;t with &s;uch a thin Diet to the end of the Di&s;|ea&s;e. Wherefore they judge, it is better to evacu|ate the matter by little and little with gentle Medi|cines, not known in <HI>Galen</HI>'s time. Be&s;ides, a little fuller Diet mu&s;t be allowed of Juice of Pti&s;an, with Pepper and a little Honey: nor mu&s;t Wine be for|bid, to prevent and cure the Swooning. For a De|ci&s;ion we mu&s;t &s;ay that <HI>Galen</HI>'s Cure is &s;afer, who does not evacuate but by Cly&s;ter, for by taking a Purge, though but a gentle one, the Patient may dye upon di&s;turbing the humour, and &s;o he may be guilty of his own death. And when Cly&s;ters are gi|ven, the Patient mu&s;t not ri&s;e from his bed, le&s;t a Swooning be cau&s;ed, and they mu&s;t be given in the declen&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m, and mu&s;t not be &s;harp. But if any thing mu&s;t be given by the Mouth, it mu&s;t not be by Phy&s;ick, but by <HI>Mul&s;a, Oxymel,</HI> and Pti&s;an mixt with Honey. <HI>Arculanus,</HI> a Man of great
<PB N="229" REF="120"> Learning and Experience, approves of this Cure, who &s;ays, that all his life time he &s;aw onely four &s;uch ca&s;es. 1. In an old Woman, who had a Purge given her, and &s;he was ca&s;t into &s;o violent a Swoon, that &s;he was almo&s;t dead, and the fourth day &s;he died. The other three were young People, one of which was troubled with a Loo&s;ne&s;s and frequent Swooning, with great Faintne&s;s, who yet was &s;a|ved. Another &s;weat, and was cured thereby at length. In the fourth he onely proceeded with Cly&s;ters and Frictions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a Fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;eca, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 19. <HI>Tom.</HI> 1.</NOTE> and afterwards, when the Swooning cea&s;ed, a Purge was given, and he e|&s;caped. Therefore, &s;ays <HI>Arculanus,</HI> as long as the Swooning la&s;ts, we mu&s;t proceed with Cly&s;ters, which when it wholly cea&s;es, &s;ome gentle Purge mu&s;t be given. &para; In this Affair of the greate&s;t mo|ment we mu&s;t go cautiou&s;ly to work; for if the Swooning la&s;t the whole Fit, it is impo&s;&s;ible to give a &s;olutive Medicine, be it what it will; be|cau&s;e affliction mu&s;t not be added to the Stomach, that is perpetually afflicted, otherwi&s;e &s;tomachical Swoonings become irrevocable and mortal, as <HI>Ga|len,</HI> 5, <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> 6. has ob&s;erved. But if in the de|clen&s;ion of the Fit the Swooning cea&s;e, as it mo&s;t frequently happens, the Stomach being fir&s;t &s;trength|ned, &s;ome minoration of the crude matter mu&s;t be procured fir&s;t by Cly&s;ters, and then by Vomiting, if the Patient be inclined to vomit. In the mean time Attenuants and Concocters may be given, that a gentle Purge may be given afterwards, if not on the fourth day, at lea&s;t a little after. But &s;uch Fe|vers as the&s;e require an experienced, or at lea&s;t a very cautious Phy&s;ician.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Forti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Sometimes Swooning Fevers occur, which have their name from Swooning, which &s;eizes the Patient together with the Fever. They are owing to the pancreatick Juice, but &s;uch as by its &s;tagna|tion has acquired a volatile rather than a &s;harp Aci|dity, there being in the mean time but little Bile or very &s;luggi&s;h: wherefore without delay it pene|trating the Heart by the lacteal Veins, does not one|ly break out every way and cau&s;e a cold Sweat, but it al&s;o immediately &s;o coagulates the Bloud, that &s;en&s;ibly for a time it does not pa&s;s, and therefore no Pul&s;e can be ob&s;erved till the acce&s;&s;ion of this exceeding nocent Juice cea&s;ing, the Bile begins by degrees to prevail, and the Patient &s;eems as if he were ri&s;en from the dead. That the Swooning may be prevented, I commend this Mixture to be ta|ken by one &s;poonfull at &s;hort intervals. Take of Mint-water 2 ounces, <HI>Aqua vitae Matthioli</HI> 1 ounce; or, Take of Tincture of Cinnamon half an ounce, Oil of Cloves 6 drops,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de l. B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;.</NOTE> Syrup of Scurvy-gra&s;s 1 ounce: Let it be given a few hours before the Fit.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Symptomatica,</HI> or, A Symptoma|tical Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Many Fevers that are reckoned Symptomatical, are e&s;&s;ential. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A vernal Symptomatical from an occult Inflammation of the Tho|racick parts. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t take good notice (which is of great moment in practice, and is ob|&s;erved but by few) that all Fevers are not perpe|tually Symptomatical, which are joined with In|flammation of the parts, but &s;ome of them are e&s;|&s;ential, to which the fore&s;aid Inflammations u&s;e to &s;ucceed: For it u&s;ually happens, that after the Bloud, corrupt or full of bad humours, has cau|&s;ed a Fever, it is di&s;turbed by Nature, and, as hurtfull to it &s;elf, is expelled to the weaker parts, or &s;uch as are fit to receive the humour, whereby an Inflammation is produced in them, which does not cau&s;e the Fever, but is rather &s;uccedaneous to it. Thus we may frequently ob&s;erve in our practice, that in the beginning People are &s;ick for a day or two, before a Pain of the &s;ide and other &s;igns of a Pleuri&s;ie appear: Thus many on the third or fourth day fall into a Phrenzy; thus all Arthriticks almo&s;t, before they are taken with a pain, &s;welling and inflammation in their Limbs, u&s;e to be ill for a day or two of a continual Fever: Thus they that are taken with an <HI>Eri&s;ipelas,</HI> have a Fever for &s;ome while, before it appears. The di&s;po&s;ition of the Urine &s;hews as much, which in &s;uch Inflammations manife&s;tly bewrays marks of putrefaction contai|ned in the Veins: for at the beginning it appears crude, but in proce&s;s of time it &s;hews &s;igns of Coc|tion daily increa&s;ing. Very corrupt Bloud al&s;o is taken out of the Veins, which things would not be, if &s;uch Fevers were onely Symptomatical,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> or &s;im|ply depending on tho&s;e Inflammations.</P>
<P N="2">II. In the Spring-time, e&s;pecially towards the latter end of Spring and the beginning of Summer, a &s;ort of Fever u&s;es to invade at that time, which although it want the pathognomick &s;igns of a Pleu|ri&s;ie or a Peripneumony, yet it is as a Symptome, in re&s;pect of &s;ome Inflammation lurking about the &s;piritual parts, for there is no pain of the &s;ide, no great difficulty of breathing: wherefore &s;u&s;pecting it to be a bare Fever, I &s;ometimes inclined to treat my Patients in the &s;ame method as I u&s;ed to doe in curing Fevers. Neverthele&s;s, afterwards I recko|ned with my &s;elf, that this &s;ea&s;on of the year was unfit for producing Fevers which run into conti|nuity; for of them&s;elves, they do as it were part into pieces, and place them&s;elves among the inter|mittent kind, or they turn to Pleuri&s;ies and &s;uch &s;ort of Inflammations; moreover al&s;o I took dili|gent notice of the Bloud that was let in this &s;ort of Fevers, and it looked ju&s;t like the Bloud of Pleuri|ticks, I al&s;o ob&s;erved a redne&s;s in the Cheeks, and a certain propen&s;ity to bleed at the No&s;e, though a Vein had been opened before; be&s;ides, I found a little cough, and &s;ome ob&s;cure pains in the vital parts &s;ometimes. The&s;e things therefore well con|&s;idered, I was at length per&s;uaded, that I mu&s;t pro|ceed in the &s;ame method in this ca&s;e, as I had often u&s;ed in the Pleuri&s;ie with &s;ingular &s;ucce&s;s, and it happily &s;ucceeded, as I de&s;ired.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Synochus Putris,</HI> or, A Putrid Continent Fever.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Fever mu&s;t pre&s;ently be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The heating of the Bloud mu&s;t be prevented. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nature's motion about the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> mu&s;t be attended. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t prevent the Symptoms? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet in the Declen&s;ion of the Fever? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> is imperfect, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the ca&s;e is de&s;perate, the Patient mu&s;t not be given over. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet mu&s;t not be too thin. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t endeavour to &s;uppre&s;s the Fever immediately at the fir&s;t coming, and to &s;top the Inflammation of the heated Sulphur, to which Venae&s;ection e&s;pecially conduces; for by this means the Bloud is eventilated, and the hot parti|cles overmuch agglomerated, and then next to bur|ning are di&s;&s;ipated one from another, ju&s;t as Hay, that is apt to take fire, if it be expo&s;ed to the open Air, its burning is hindred. Moreover a &s;pare Di|et mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on, in which nothing &s;pirituous or &s;ulphureous mu&s;t be u&s;ed. Let the Bowels and fir&s;t ways be rid of the load of excrementitious mat|ter, wherefore Cly&s;ters will be of u&s;e, and &s;ome|times
<PB N="230" REF="121"> Vomits and gentle Purges, by which &s;ome|times &s;ea&s;onably u&s;ed and with judgment, the Fe|ver is extingui&s;hed at the very beginning,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>W<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> de F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">br. c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> when the Fewel is withdrawn: But if, notwith&s;tanding this method, the burning &s;pread farther, and take the &s;ulphureous particles of the bloud more and more every day, let care be taken (as much as can be) that the deflagration proceed without much di&s;turbance.</P>
<P N="2">II. Wherefore, when the Fever is in the increa&s;e, if the bloud be too efferve&s;cent, and di&s;tend the Ve&s;&s;els much, with a &s;trong and vehement Pul&s;e, if Want of &s;leep, Phrenzy, or the Head-ach be ve|ry violent, let Bleeding be repeated again, and free tran&s;piration (as much as may be) procured: Wherefore let the Patient keep him&s;elf for the mo&s;t part in bed, let his Diet be &s;pare, of ve|ry thin aliment: Al&s;o let his Drink be &s;mall and plentifull, that the boiling bloud may be diluted with a more copious <HI>Serum.</HI> Cly&s;ters are &s;afe and convenient enough. But let Purgatives and Dia|phoreticks, and things that di&s;turb the bloud much, be as indu&s;triou&s;ly avoided as the blowing of the Wind, when a Hou&s;e is on Fire: But Opiates and Anodynes, that fix and thicken the bloud and &s;pi|rits, mu&s;t rather be u&s;ed. Al&s;o Juleps and Decoc|tions, which cool the raging Bowels, temper the Bloud, and refre&s;h the Spirits, mu&s;t be made u&s;e of frequently; Acetous Liquours of Vegetables or Minerals, and purified Nitre, becau&s;e they re|&s;train the raging of the Bloud, and quench thir&s;t, are very proper: Let hot and &s;pirituous Waters, cordial and bezoartick Powders (as long as the Di&s;ea&s;e has no malignity) be avoided. If the bloud circulate unevenly, and be carried more impetu|ou&s;ly towards the head than the feet, Epithems of the warm fle&s;h or bowels of Animals applied to the Soles of the feet are good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. When the Fever is in the State, Nature's motion mu&s;t be carefully attended, whether &s;he will make a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> or no. Wherefore nothing mu&s;t be at|tempted ra&s;hly by the Phy&s;ician; Bleeding and Purging mu&s;t be avoided, but when the febrile heat is &s;omewhat abated, after the deflagration of the bloud, and &s;igns of coction appear in the urine, if then Nature's motion be too &s;low, a Sweat, or a gentle Purge may be given. But if all be crude and di&s;turbed, if the urine be &s;till turbid, with|out a &s;ediment, or &s;ecretion of parts, if the Spirits be languid, the Pul&s;e low, if no <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> or onely what was provoked, precede, no evacuation whatever, either by Sweat or Purge, can be attempted, with|out manife&s;t danger to life: But we mu&s;t tarry lon|ger, that the &s;pirits of the bloud may recover them|&s;elves, may in &s;ome mea&s;ure concoct the excremen|titious and crude humours, and then &s;eparate them a little. Then let the Spirits be refre&s;hed with mo|derate Cordials, let the immoderate efferve&s;cence of the bloud (if there be any) be hindred and its due fermentation &s;u&s;tained, which truly is be&s;t per|formed by Coral, Pearl, and &s;uch Powders, for in|deed they are di&s;&s;olved by the ferments of the Bow|els, and then ferment with the Bloud, and very much re&s;tore its weak and wavering motion. In the mean while (Nature labouring) let all ob&s;tacles and im|pediments be removed; and e&s;pecially the increa&s;e of excrements gathered in the fir&s;t ways mu&s;t be a|bated with the frequent u&s;e of Cly&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. In what manner or method the mo&s;t urgent Symptoms ought to be treated, it will not be ea&s;ie to pre&s;cribe by certain rules, becau&s;e the &s;elf &s;ame mu&s;t &s;ometime be immediately &s;topt and quieted, &s;ometime more ha&s;tily promoted; and, which is more than all, it may be, at another time they mu&s;t wholly be left to nature. We mu&s;t oppo&s;e &s;ome of them with a&s;&s;waging and lenient Remedies, and o|thers with rougher and irritative Phy&s;ick. Yet in the mean time this Rule mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in all of them, that we religiou&s;ly in&s;i&s;t in Nature's foot|&s;teps, who, if &s;he doe ami&s;s, her di&s;orders mu&s;t be reduced. If &s;he go right, but too violently, &s;he mu&s;t be re&s;trained; but if &s;he go right, and operate &s;lower or weaker than &s;he ought, it would doe well to promote and aid her endeavours by the help of Phy&s;ick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In the declen&s;ion of the Fever, when, after the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> is over, Nature is above the Di&s;ea&s;e, all is &s;afe, and there is not much for the Phy&s;ician to doe, it onely remains for him to propound an exact cour&s;e of Diet, that the Patient may quickly re|cover his &s;trength without any fear of a Relap&s;e. It is al&s;o good to carry off the reliques of the febrile matter by a gentle Purge. In Diet, Men oftne&s;t &s;plit upon the Rock of a Relap&s;e, that is, the Sick, after prepo&s;terous eating of Fle&s;h or &s;trong Meat, relap&s;e into a Fever; for when the Bowels are weak, and they do not ea&s;ily concoct aliment (un|le&s;s it be very thin,) and when the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the bloud is &s;o weak, that it cannot a&s;&s;imilate a &s;trong nutritious Juice, if any thing di&s;proportionate be offered to either of them, the oeconomy of Nature is perverted, and all goes to wrack. Wherefore Convale&s;cents mu&s;t long ab&s;tain from Fle&s;h, and mu&s;t not eat it, till after their Urine be like healthy per|&s;ons, and does no more grow turbid in the Cold; and then indeed it is be&s;t to begin with a dilute Meat-broth, and after gradually to a&s;cend to &s;tron|ger things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. When after an imperfect <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> the ca&s;e is doubtfull, and the controver&s;ie under deci&s;ion, then a difficult task is incumbent on the Phy&s;ician. Let Nature's motion and &s;trength be diligently atten|ded, whether &s;he begins to prevail upon the Di&s;|ea&s;e, or to yield to it. If there be &s;igns of Con|coction, and &s;trength be good, a gentle evacuation may be made. In the mean time we mu&s;t help the mo&s;t urgent Symptoms with proper Remedies, all impediments mu&s;t be removed, and &s;trength mu&s;t be re&s;tored (as much as may be) by Cordials and a right cour&s;e of Diet.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When after a bad <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> or none at all, all things grow wor&s;e, and when the Phy&s;ician almo&s;t de&s;pairs of the Cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e, let him give the progno&s;tick, that the event is doubtfull, and much to be feared: Yet he mu&s;t not &s;o far rely on the progno&s;tick, as to let his fears too much po&s;&s;e&s;s him, but &s;till let him provide, as much as lies in Phy&s;ick's skill, for the health of his Patient, though de&s;paired of, let Remedies be u&s;ed for the mo&s;t trouble&s;ome Symptoms, and let the Spirits of the bloud almo&s;t extinct be recruited by Cordials. When we de&s;pair of Recovery, let life be prolon|ged as long as we can, and an <HI>Euthana&s;ia</HI> at lea&s;t pro|cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. In Continent Fevers (becau&s;e they are al|ways accompanied with great &s;trength) we may give a thin Diet; But after Putrefaction is begun, we mu&s;t feed the Patient higher, becau&s;e the Cor|ruption of the humours requires it, according to <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion, <HI>lib.</HI> 8. <HI>Meth.</HI> and 1. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 17.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris Tertiana,</HI> or, A Tertian Ague.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud may be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The time to let bloud. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Purge may be given onely after the third Fit? <HI>III, IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what hour a Purge mu&s;t be given in a double Tertian? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Syrup of Damask ro&s;es not fit to purge withall. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An exqui&s;ite Tertian curable by alteration alone without pur|ging. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it onely gives way to a Vomit. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="231" REF="121">
<ITEM>Whether it may not be cured without one? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit is &s;eldom proper for a legitimate one. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Spirit of Sulphur. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A ba&s;tard Tertian cured by the u&s;e of Spaw-waters. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Made longer by the abu&s;e of cooling Juleps. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of Aperients hurtfull. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking of Water good for an exqui&s;ite one. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The remaining ferment mu&s;t be extingui&s;hed by Specificks. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to the indi&s;po&s;ition of the Bowels. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What way a Decoction of Wormwood does good? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a Diaphoretick. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By applying Bottles. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution in the application of Epithemes. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Applications to the Wri&s;ts not to be rejected. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet mu&s;t be thin and &s;pare. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Patient &s;ometimes killed with a multitude of clothes. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a long one. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How many hours before the Fit Meat mu&s;t be given? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A proper food of Bread. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Lentils may be given? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Eating of Fle&s;h may be allowed? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Tertian or a Quotidian require a gro&s;&s;er Diet? <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>GAlen</HI> makes no mention of Bleeding in the Cure of a Tertian, <HI>primo ad Glauconem,</HI> nor his Followers, <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Aetius.</HI> Onely <HI>Actuarius</HI> a|mong the <HI>Greeks, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 19. allows it. <Q>In all Fe|vers, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> it is convenient to let bloud, for &s;ince, after the &s;pirits, it fir&s;t of all takes heat, and affects the whole body, if any of it run out, much heat goes out with it. And though it be cau&s;ed by yellow choler, yet bloud which is ea&s;ily inflamed, affords matter to it, and be|cau&s;e it goes over the whole body, it hears it. Wherefore if any of it be evacuated, a great &s;hare of the Fever is al&s;o &s;pent: For if People in Fevers find benefit from in&s;en&s;ible Tran&s;pirati|on, and if it be evident, that the Fever grows higher, when the Skin is &s;topt, would it not be better for the Patients, if a &s;en&s;ible evacuation of the humour were made, that di&s;tributes the Fever into the body? Bloud therefore mu&s;t be let twice or thrice, and &s;ometimes to fainting.</Q></P>
<P N="2">II. The <HI>Arabians,</HI> according to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> do not breathe a Vein before the third Fit, which &s;eems rather to rely on experience than rea&s;on: Since Bleeding, according to <HI>Galen</HI>'s Rules, &s;hould al|ways be celebrated in the beginning, when it can be done. For &s;eeing this Ague is terminated in &s;e|ven fits, after the third fit the State is either pre|&s;ent or at hand, at which time, according to <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> nothing is to be moved. Therefore, if the Veins be turgid with much bloud, it mu&s;t be let pre&s;ently. But if there be no abundance of bloud, <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s advice mu&s;t be followed, which I have ve|ry often found true by experience: Now <HI>Avicenna</HI> advi&s;es, if it be po&s;&s;ible, to let bloud before the fourth fit; <HI>If it be po&s;&s;ible that you can let bloud after three fits, doe it,</HI> &s;ays he. Where we mu&s;t take notice of what <HI>Gentilis</HI> ob&s;erves, and it is mo&s;t true, That an exqui&s;ite Tertian begins with a bilious humour, which is not mixt with the bloud; but afterwards, in the following fits, it u&s;es to vitiate the bloud, and there Bleeding is not nece&s;&s;ary in the fir&s;t fits, but onely in the following, which will be known, if the Urine be fir&s;t citrine and yellow, and after|wards tend to redne&s;s. If therefore bloud be let after the third fit, becau&s;e the fourth is next, which is the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and therefore will be the mo&s;t violent of all, it mu&s;t, according to the advice of <HI>Gainerius, Gentilis,</HI> and others of the <HI>Arabi|ans,</HI> be foretold, le&s;t the blame of the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e be imputed to the Phy&s;ician.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;ius.</NOTE> &para; We mu&s;t have a care in Tertians, that at the fir&s;t co|ming, or immediately after the fir&s;t fit, we let not bloud, for the bloud then differs nothing from what is &s;ound; and Bleeding mu&s;t again be repeated, when the hot intemperature is &s;pread over the whole Ma&s;s of bloud, which will not fall out ve|ry conveniently for &s;uch as are not plethorick, or are but weakly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 42.</NOTE> This was ob&s;erved in a Tertian Ague, which a few years ago raged in our City, that the bloud which was let at the beginning, loo|ked like that of healthy mens, with no benefit to the &s;ick; but when it was let after the &s;econd or third fit, it did good.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>If a Tertian Ague take a Man, if indeed three fits not omitted, the fourth &s;eize him, give him a Medicine to drink that purges downwards. Hippocr.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 194. But <HI>lib. de Affection.</HI> he gives a Purge in the fourth fit, which falls upon the &s;eventh day. He expre&s;&s;es the rea&s;on of the difference in the&s;e words, <HI>If indeed he &s;eem to you not to be purged, give a Purge on the fourth day: But if he &s;hall &s;eem not to want a Purge,</HI> &amp;c. Wherefore the way of purging in a Terti|an Ague will be this, If one full of many humours fall into a Tertian, he mu&s;t be purged the fourth day; for there would be danger, by rea&s;on of abundance of humours, that the Ague might turn to a conti|nual, acute Fever: But if not, purging in the be|ginning is not nece&s;&s;ary; for, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid in the forecited place, <HI>If in the beginning of the Ague you give a Purge, after he is purged, the Ague returns, and you have again occa&s;ion for a Purge.</HI> We mu&s;t tarry there|fore till the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e be over, which in a Tertian Ague, that exceeds not the &s;eventh fit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;p. M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ianus.</NOTE> falls at farthe&s;t in the fourth fit.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Although <HI>Hippocrates, l. de Aff.</HI> give a Purge, when onely the third fit is over, to whom al&s;o <HI>Cel|&s;us</HI> &s;ub&s;cribes, yet the&s;e great Men onely u&s;ed it, when &s;ome Coction had preceded, becau&s;e they knew not our gentle Purges: whereby even in the beginning &s;ometimes we carry off abundance of bi|lious humours with great benefit, when they are thin, and very ready for purging. But we mu&s;t not therefore give a Purge at the very fir&s;t, as <HI>Rha|&s;es</HI> does erroneou&s;ly, whom <HI>Avicenna</HI> reprehends. And though <HI>Galen</HI> &s;eems to affirm that thin humours may be carried off by a Purge, yet he means thin, &s;erous and watry humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fortis,</HI> cap. de Ter<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ian<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> exqui&s;ita.</NOTE> For we dare not give a Purge after the third fit, unle&s;s manife&s;t &s;igns of Concoction appear, and then we u&s;e an Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb, with Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, drin|king &s;ome quarts of Whey of Goats-milk or Barley-water.</P>
<P N="5">V. In a double Tertian it is difficult to chu&s;e the hour for to give a Purge, becau&s;e often times there are onely three or four hours between the fits, and &s;ometimes one comes before the other is off. The mo&s;t convenient hour to give them, mu&s;t be cho&s;en thus, that the Purge may not be given when the new fit comes, but when the fir&s;t ends, at that di&s;|tance from the following fit, that before it comes, the operation of the Medicine may be over. But in a &s;ubintrant (that is, when one fit comes before the other is off) in the beginning of the declen&s;ion, as &s;oon as ever it begins to abate a little. And in both ca&s;es &s;ome Broth mu&s;t be given three hours af|ter taking of the Phy&s;ick: yet &s;o as that there may be three hours more after the taking of the Broth, before the next fit come. And &s;o the Phy&s;ick mu&s;t be given &s;ix hours before the next fit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Syrup of Damask-ro&s;es, although it be gentle and gratefull, yet becau&s;e it purges onely &s;erous excrements, it can have no place in bilious Fevers, unle&s;s the Patient abound with &s;erous humours, o|therwi&s;e the <HI>Serum</HI> being voided (which bridles Choler) thir&s;t, heat and drought are enraged.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. In an exqui&s;ite Tertian, a <HI>Cau&s;us</HI> and other raging Fevers, many, without any other con&s;ide|ration, give things that purge Choler, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Rule, <HI>l. de Purgant. Give to bilious per|&s;ons things that purge bile; and to phlegmatick per&s;ons things that purge phlegm.</HI> But all bilious Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t not be treated with Purgatives, becau&s;e many give way to Alteratives and other Medicines: For <HI>Galen,</HI> 2. <HI>de Cri&s;.</HI> &s;ays, that Bile is violently moved in Terti|ans, and di&s;&s;eminated through all the parts of the
<PB N="232" REF="122"> body, and that it purges its &s;elf by the violence of its motion: Therefore we &s;hould not be &s;o &s;olici|tous about the indication of evacuating, as of alte|ring. And in &s;uch per&s;ons <HI>Hippocrates</HI> requires Gri|ping of the Belly and other &s;igns, to adventure on purging: for, 3. <HI>de Morb.</HI> he &s;ays, <HI>But if the mouth of the &s;tomach be not affected, but the griping go down to the belly,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> <HI>give Phy&s;ick that purges downwards.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. The filthy humours contained in the Sto|mach, Me&s;entery, and hollow of the Liver, u&s;e to produce this &s;ort of Agues, which is brought up &s;ometimes by one Vomit, when it could not be carried off by many Purges, as <HI>Fernelius</HI> ob&s;erves: And therefore if the Patient be troubled with Vo|miting at the beginning of the fit, the Phy&s;ician would doe well to follow the motion of Nature. Chymi&s;ts a&s;cend to <HI>Aqua benedicta,</HI> which as it happi|ly evacuates the matter that is lodged in the fir&s;t ways, &s;o it requires a prudent Phy&s;ician, who mu&s;t &s;ee that there be no contumacious ob&s;tructions in the Bowels.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">iv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. An opinion has prevailed among the Vulgar, that a Tertian ague can &s;carce be cured without a Vomit, wherefore &s;ome Medica&s;ters u&s;e, under the pretext of nece&s;&s;ity, to give a Vomit to all that are &s;ick of this Di&s;ea&s;e (though they be weak and in|firm, not without great peril of their lives) and &s;uch as they think unable to bear this Remedy, they leave to Nature. But (as to my own experience it has often &s;ufficiently appeared on the contrary) this is an erroneous practice. And I rather think that, unle&s;s in a &s;trong body and inclined to vomit, and when it happens that the Stomach is loaded with excrementitious matter, a Vomit is rarely or ne|ver required, but in&s;tead thereof a gentle Purge, whereby the humours are kindly carried off, will be of more u&s;e; for purging in this ca&s;e does the &s;ame that vomiting, namely, it evacuates the cho|ledochal Ve&s;&s;els, that Bile being plentifully drawn out of the Bloud, the febrile Dy&s;cra&s;ie may be a|mended. But when the felleous humour, being pumped up into the Stomach, is voided upwards, great harm is done thereby to the Stomach, and a notable di&s;turbance made in the whole Body; whereas, if the humour be carried downwards by a gentle Purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de Febr.</NOTE> it is voided without any trou|ble.</P>
<P N="10">X. The facility of the matter to be carried off, and the inclination of Nature mu&s;t immediately be con&s;idered: For if the matter putrefie about the <HI>Vi&s;cera naturalia,</HI> it mu&s;t be carried off by vomit or &s;tool; if in the ambit of the body, by &s;weat: But &s;o mordacious a matter mu&s;t never be carried off by vomit, becau&s;e of the exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e of the Sto|mach, unle&s;s when Nature tends that way, to wit, that it may the &s;ooner be got out of the Stomach; and then we mu&s;t u&s;e warm water; or an epicera|&s;tick Vomit may be made of Chicken-broth, altered with Mallows, adding Oil of &s;weet Almonds and <HI>Julapium Aceto&s;um,</HI> letting alone antimonial and &s;trong Vomits, propo&s;ed by Chymi&s;ts and admitted by <HI>Sen|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ertus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">For<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. It appears to me from &s;everal experiments, that Tertian agues have been cured with Spirit of Sulphur and Water, given in the height of the fit and in extreme thir&s;t, whereby plentifull Sweat was procured, after which not onely the fit was &s;topt, but the Di&s;ea&s;e was perfectly cured. In a le&s;s quantity of Water, the quantity of the Spirit mu&s;t be le&s;sned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> le&s;t it be too &s;owre.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A Nobleman 25 years old fell into a ba&s;tard Tertian in Spring time, when <HI>May</HI> came on, he de|&s;ired to drink <HI>Schalwaback</HI>-waters, wherefore he went thither, evacuation premi&s;ed, on his intermittent day; the next day he endured the fit for two hours in bed, when he was thir&s;ty at length, he drank one pound and a half of the Waters by degrees, to quench his thir&s;t, and then being well covered he began to &s;weat, and quickly the fit ended in a total intermi&s;&s;ion. After, by continuing the u&s;e of Wa|ters, and gradually a&s;cending to a larger Do&s;e, he once or twice perceived a little of his Ague at the time of the fit; and then he always provoked &s;weat by taking a convenient potion of the Waters, as his Ague declined, by which means, without u&s;ing any other Remedies, the Ague totally intermitted, his langui&s;hing &s;trength returned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 12.</NOTE> and his former health was re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. They that have written of the Cure of Fe|vers, do pre&s;cribe in Tertians and other Intermit|tent fevers (or agues) cooling and moi&s;tning Juleps, as if Coolers were of u&s;e in Agues at all times: For, on the contrary, they are often a cau&s;e of the Continuance and Contumacy of Agues, that is, when they are u&s;ed after the &s;eventh fit, the heat of the humour being repre&s;&s;ed: becau&s;e they fix the humour more, and weaken the innate heat, which is the onely cau&s;e of the concoction of the hu|mours. When therefore it is grown old, the Con|&s;titution of the Bowels mu&s;t be taken notice of from the face and habit of the whole Body. He that is of a firm habit of body, and has a vegete heat, does a long time bear the u&s;e of Coolers and Moi&s;t|ners without harm, and is helped thereby, if his Liver be hot and dry, and the humours be &s;harp and raging: But, on the contrary, if the innate heat be languid, and the humours be pituitous and melancholick, the Fever will be protracted a long time by too cooling and moi&s;t things. We mu&s;t therefore di&s;tingui&s;h in what Agues heat and thir&s;t require to be quenched by Coolers and Moi&s;tners, and in what, to be wa&s;ted by an attenuating Diet, and by ab&s;tinence from Drink. Crude and gro&s;s hu|mours, by a thin Diet, ab&s;tinence from Drink, and the u&s;e of Concocters, being conquered by the in|nate heat, are ea&s;ily di&s;per&s;ed and vani&s;h, or turn into the nutriment of the Body. But hot and &s;harp humours require to be a&s;&s;waged by cooling and moi&s;tning things; yet &s;o as neither violence may be offered to the bowels, nor to the innate heat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">En<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Every morning I would give &s;ome clarifi|ed Juice of Plantain, with one ounce of Wine, not &s;trong, but weak. For &s;o not onely re&s;pect will be had to apertion, but &s;trength will be added to the natural parts. How much the Stomach and Li|ver are &s;poiled by Aperients onely, if the u&s;e of them be continued too much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab. Seyller, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 4. <HI>apud</HI> Schotzium.</NOTE> Experience abundant|ly te&s;tifies.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Drinking of Water is very good for Terti|ans, becau&s;e it properly extingui&s;hes the burning of Choler, if there be the Conditions which <HI>Galen,</HI> 9, <HI>&amp;</HI> 11. <HI>Meth.</HI> and in other places, requires: But he forbids the giving of it before &s;igns of Coction, becau&s;e it hinders attenuation and dige&s;tion of tough humours, and cau&s;es difficulty of breathing, convul&s;ion and trembling in &s;ome. But <HI>Averro&euml;s</HI> tar|ries not till that time, becau&s;e the Patient in the mean time is in danger of having his innate heat ex|tingui&s;hed by the febrile: and becau&s;e the damage done by the cold Water is le&s;s than what would be done by the burning Heat: for by drinking cold Water there is onely danger of lengthning the Di&s;ea&s;e; by the violent Heat, of Death. Be&s;ides, Coction is a &s;ign the Di&s;ea&s;e is overcome, and when the Heat is quenched, drinking of Water is u&s;ele&s;s: Therefore when Bile is raging, cold Wa|ter may &s;afely be given. When it is cooled, and the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e is over, it will be u&s;ele&s;s, becau&s;e the humours will grow crude again with the Water, and new occa&s;ion will be given to Ob|&s;tructions, and lengthning out of the Fever, e&s;pe|ally in Natures that are obnoxious to Ob&s;tructions, as the melancholick.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Becau&s;e in the place of Putrefaction, in long Fevers, a certain Infection, like to a Ferment, is u&s;ually bred and left behind, whereby the hu|mours, though not &s;o very bad, are fermented and corrupted: Therefore to extingui&s;h this fer|ment,
<PB N="233" REF="122"> and &s;top the humours, convenient Evacua|tions premi&s;ed, we may proceed to the u&s;e of the <HI>Peruvian</HI> Bark, which mu&s;t be given in the begin|ning of the fit with Malm&s;ey Wine, in manner and quantity as is well known to all Phy&s;icians.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. A Tertian ague is &s;ometimes prolonged by a hot and dry intemperature of the Liver, which continually produces fewel for new fits. As I have often ob&s;erved in &s;everal, who were of a dry and &s;qualid habit of Body, and altogether cholerick, and without any &s;tore of humours, they have had a Tertian for three or four months, e&s;pecially in a hot &s;ea&s;on of the Year. Violent Purgatives, and violent Aperients and Heaters are hurtfull to &s;uch: But they mu&s;t be treated with a cooling and moi&s;t|ning Diet, and with Juleps and Broths of the &s;ame quality: And the &s;uperfluous humours mu&s;t be pur|ged away by degrees with emollient and cooling Cly&s;ters, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Tamarinds, <HI>Catholicon,</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es, but in this ca&s;e Baths of &s;weet water e&s;pe|cially doe wonders, by extingui&s;hing the hot and dry intemperature impre&s;&s;ed on the Bowels, which the Patient may u&s;e without Sweating. Sometimes al&s;o the length of a Tertian depends upon an indi&s;|po&s;ition of &s;ome part, e&s;pecially of the Liver or Me&s;entery, which cannot be cured by Purging ne|ver &s;o often repeated, becau&s;e the ill quality re|mains in the part, and daily gathers new humour, which maintains the fits: And this ill quality is removed by Diureticks, Sudorificks, and other di&s;|&s;olvents. Things endued with &s;uch qualities are, Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centaury, <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> root of Dittany, Burnet, Tormentil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whereof de|coctions may be made,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. pract. <HI>&amp; Riverius.</HI></NOTE> to be given &s;everal days be|fore the fits.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Many are ignorant what <HI>Galen</HI>'s skill was in giving of Wormwood in Tertian agues. In cu|ring of them, this among many other is one Indica|tion, to purge &s;tore of bilious humour by &s;tool and Urine: Another is, to &s;trengthen the mouth of the Stomach, much mole&s;ted with bile. Wormwood performs the&s;e things, of which <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> <Q>Wormwood has an a&s;tringent and bitter, and al&s;o a &s;harp quality, both heating and clean&s;ing, and drying and &s;trengthning. Therefore it drives down the bilious humours of the Belly by &s;tool, and purges by Urine: But it purges what is bilious in the Veins, mo&s;t by Urine; therefore it does no good, when it is given for Phlegm con|tained in the belly. And <HI>Dio&s;corides lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 23. It has an a&s;tringent and heating virtue, it purges bile which &s;ticks to the Stomach and Belly, it pro|vokes Urine.</Q> Therefore Wormwood is given for the&s;e two Rea&s;ons, to purge Bile, and to &s;trengthen the Stomach. It does no hurt becau&s;e hot: for its &s;ub&s;tance is not given, but its decoction or infu&s;ion in Melicrate, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aid; be&s;ides, onely the leaves are infu&s;ed; that is, a &s;mall quantity to cau&s;e heat: To &s;ay nothing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>tom.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 8.</NOTE> that if it doe a little harm, it need not be valued in re&s;pect of the good it does. They doe ami&s;s who give the juice.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. A Woman 45 Years old, after a di&s;order|ly Diet, was taken in the latter end of <HI>May</HI> with a Tertian ague. I neglecting the Ague, betook my &s;elf to re&s;train the fiercene&s;s of the &s;harp Salt re|dounding in the Patient, and not without &s;ucce&s;s; for when I had given her of the volatile Salt of Harts|horn half a &s;cruple, with 6 grains of Salt of <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> and 5 grains of Salt of Wormwood, but the fir&s;t time, and that one hour before the fit, it not onely came later by two hours, but held her much more mildly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Georgius So|gerus, <HI>Mi&s;c. Cur. an.</HI> 72. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 244.</NOTE> Wherefore in&s;i&s;ting on this Me|dicine, and when becau&s;e of its nau&s;eous ta&s;te &s;he began to loath it, I made it into Pills with a little crum of Bread, and I cured her.</P>
<P N="20">XX. A Gentlewoman was taken with an exqui|&s;ite Tertian ague, &s;he ob&s;tinately refu&s;ed all that I pre&s;cribed, in the mean time the Di&s;ea&s;e grew wor&s;e, and for eight fits it grew &s;tronger and &s;tronger every fit. I vi&s;ited her a little before her ninth fit, and when &s;he refu&s;ed to take any thing inwardly, I order bottles filled with hot water to be placed here and there about her, to make her &s;weat again&s;t her Will. She on the contrary commands the bottles to be taken away, I being not at all moved with the clamour of my Patient, order the Maids to ob&s;erve my commands, and to force her to &s;weat again&s;t her Will, remem|bring that of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2 <HI>Epid.</HI> We mu&s;t endeavour that anger may be provoked in &s;uch as are pale. Now (&s;aid I to my &s;elf) if anger mu&s;t be provoked, that the bloud may be diffu&s;ed through the habit of the body, and di&s;pell palene&s;s, perhaps it may al&s;o drive out the Ague, and open the inward ob&s;truc|tions, the cau&s;e of the pre&s;ent mi&s;chief.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Borrich<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ins,</HI> Mi&s;c. Cur. ann. <HI>72.</HI> Ob&s;. <HI>234.</HI></NOTE> Nor did my Augury deceive me, the Ague cea&s;ed forth|with, and though &s;he was outragious angry, it &s;topt, and never returned any more.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. In the height of the fit, to allay the heat, cooling Epithemes of water of Cichory, Ro&s;es, Plantain, Vinegar of Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be applied to the Liver. Yet we mu&s;t have a care, that the waters lie not upon the Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Pract.</NOTE> when Sweat is at hand; for they might hinder its coming out.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Tho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Remedies, that u&s;e commonly to be applied to the Wri&s;ts, are not to be rejected al|together: for the opinion of the Vulgar is not onely &s;atisfied with them, becau&s;e they think ma|ny are cured with the&s;e remedies, but al&s;o they may doe &s;ome good by communicating their virtue to the heart by the large Arteries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> which run to the Wri&s;ts.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. The Diet in a Tertian ought to be thin and &s;pare. Wherefore it is commonly &s;aid, <HI>That we mu&s;t &s;tarve an Ague:</HI> and common Experience te|&s;tifies, that by ab&s;tinence the fit is kept off beyond the u&s;ual time. Two things e&s;pecially &s;hould be ob&s;erved about Diet. 1. That the Aliment be thin, and that nothing &s;ulphureous or &s;pirituous be given: for &s;o the Conflagration of the bloud is le&s;&s;ened. 2. That when the fit is upon one, or coming, no food be given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> wherefore in ab&s;tinent per&s;ons the fit is lighter and &s;ooner ended.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Not a few lu&s;ty young Men, in a fit of a &s;imple and exqui&s;ite Tertian, have been killed in three hours &s;pace, with abundance of clothes laid on them, by &s;uch as onely had re&s;pect to the Cau&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE> they being &s;pent with thir&s;t and &s;weat.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. If a Tertian ague, becau&s;e of the ill con|&s;titution of the Patient, or through &s;ome errours in Diet or Phy&s;ick be &s;o &s;ettled, that after a long con|tinuance the fits grow &s;till wor&s;e; and if they be very weak with a continual lowne&s;s of Spirits, Thir&s;t and Heat, with lo&s;s of Appetite, want of Sleep, a weak Pul&s;e, red Urine, and full of Con|tents, a little different Method of cure mu&s;t be in|&s;i&s;ted on. In this ca&s;e we mu&s;t fir&s;t endeavour to take away the Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Bloud; wherefore the Patients mu&s;t be kept onely with a thin Diet, as Barley or Oat-meal grewel, with opening roots boi|led therein (wholly ab&s;taining from broth of meat.) Let the Belly (if need be) be kept loo&s;e with the u&s;e of emollient Cly&s;ters, and (omitting Catharticks) I judge we mu&s;t principally in&s;i&s;t on dige&s;tive Me|dicines onely, which may thin the Bloud, and gen|tly carry off its &s;erous impurities by Urine, and on &s;trengthners, which may &s;trengthen the Bowels, and recruit the Spirits. To this purpo&s;e, Apozemes well prepared of herbs and roots that are gent|ly diuretick, al&s;o Electuaries made of temperate Con&s;erves, with &s;alt Nitre, or the fixt of herbs, and te&s;taceous Powders, and Spirit of Vitriol mixt therewith, are very conducing. When the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the bloud is a little amended, as if the Urine be yellow, and not &s;o high coloured, if &s;leep be qui|eter, and thir&s;t and heat abate, then Remedies to &s;top the Ague fit may very properly be u&s;ed: where|fore febrifuge Epithemes may be applied to the
<PB N="234" REF="123"> Wri&s;ts, and to the Soles of the Feet: Al&s;o the Je|&s;uits Powder, or its <HI>&s;uccedaneum,</HI> or Powder of bark of A&s;h, Tamarisk or Gentian, may be given in white Wine with Salts mixt with them. After the fits are removed, and the Patients are come to their &s;trength, and begin to have a Stomach, and to concoct their Victuals, gentle purges will be proper: they mu&s;t yet ab&s;tain from high feeding, and from any thing that has fle&s;h in it: And no que&s;tion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> but they will recover every day without either &s;trong purging or bleeding.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The time of feeding among the Ancients was the time of Intermi&s;&s;ion: with <HI>Avicenna</HI> nine hours before the fit, with us, if the Patient be apt to faint, and if it be &s;ummer time, four hours be|fore the coming of the fit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> that by the pre&s;ence of the meat perhaps the a&s;cent of the Bile may be &s;topt.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. I have &s;een &s;everal young people, and of more adult age, cured of Tertians, by the fol|lowing food, without any other Phy&s;ick or Potion: But we mu&s;t diligently con&s;ider, whether there be any ob&s;truction of the Pores, or conden&s;ation or con&s;triction of Body: For in Continual fevers, which have their ri&s;e from bile, wherein we are &s;olicitous for the opening of the Pores, it mu&s;t not be given before evacuation of the whole: Af|ter bleeding in Continual fevers, it may &s;afely be given. Take a white Loaf, three days old, cut it into thin &s;lices, and infu&s;e it in Endive water; &s;queeze &s;ome juice of &s;owre Orange upon it, then &s;crape &s;ome Sugar on it, &s;o that you may onely per|ceive it by your ta&s;te to be &s;weet and &s;owre. Let the Patient eat bread in this manner, on his well day twice or thrice, and in the farthe&s;t declination of his fit, before he &s;up any thing. This food has a great virtue in it of abating the &s;harpne&s;s of the bilious humour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus <HI>de victu Febri|cit.</HI> l. 3. <HI>c.</HI> 11.</NOTE> and be&s;ides it quenches the immo|derate heat of the Stomach and Liver, and &s;treng|thens both the&s;e parts.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. This food is much in u&s;e among the Spaniards, it is cold and a little drying, <HI>Boil Spani&s;h Lentils in water with Par&s;ly, green Coriander, Oil, Salt and Vinegar, with a little Saffron;</HI> You may give broth of Lentils to any in Fevers, except &s;uch as are &s;ick of Quartanes, whom though I think I cannot much commend them, &s;o I think they are in errour, who forbid Lentils to all Patients; taking it from <HI>Galen,</HI> 2. <HI>der. v.</HI> who &s;ays, they are not meat for Man, where he treats of a Pleuri&s;ie, in which he forbids Lentils: But letting alone a Pleuri&s;ie, they will certainly be proper in a Tertian ague from citrine Choler, if you con&s;ider the efficient Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and the quality it leaves in the parts. Citrine Choler is a hot humour, and of a thin &s;ub&s;tance, the mo&s;t penetrating of all humours: Broth of Len|tils produces the contrary qualities, for it has a cooling and thickning virtue. Moreover, citrine Choler by its &s;harp penetration makes lean every part it falls upon: Broth of Lentils not onely &s;tiffens the part, that it is not &s;o ea&s;ily pervious to the pe|netration, but by its equal drine&s;s it takes away what is moi&s;t: Be&s;ides, Lentils are no improper food, for &s;uch as in this Ague do &s;weat, and are not relieved thereby. And if you &s;ay that according to <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> Lentils dull the &s;ight of the Eyes, are difficultly concocted, and cau&s;e trouble&s;ome dreams, all the&s;e things are attributed to Lentils, not to their decoction. We do not find the&s;e mi&s;chiefs in Spa|ni&s;h Lentils; <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> writes, that the Stomach is ill after them, but Spani&s;h Lentils &s;trengthen the Stomach, and do not make it windy; Italian Len|tils are larger and whiter, the Spani&s;h are le&s;s and a little redi&s;h, nor do they excite trouble&s;ome dreams, as is delivered concerning them: But if you will contend that the Spani&s;h have any vitious quality, it is corrected by the green Coriander. Whenever therefore you have a mind to thicken the humours of the Body, or &s;tiffen the parts of the Body with heating them, broth of Spani&s;h Len|tils may well be given in meat: And if you make it with Par&s;ly, green Coriander, Oil, Vinegar, Salt and Saffron, you will make a food mo&s;t agree|able to the ends afore&s;aid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> temperate in the pa&s;&s;ive qualities, declining to coolne&s;s in the active.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. In a pure Tertian &s;ome of the Arabians judge, Men mu&s;t ab&s;tain from all meat, wherein there is fle&s;h, yea they forbid little birds till an univer|&s;al declination of the Ague. Indeed if they forbad fle&s;h on the day of the fit, I &s;hould think they did well: but if they hold it may not be eaten on the intermi&s;&s;ion day, I do not grant it. From <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> they affirm that a pure Tertian is judged within &s;even fits, that is, contains thirteen days, but the fourteenth is the term of acute di&s;ea&s;es: And a thin diet is proper for all di&s;ea&s;es that are judged within fourteen days; therefore no fle&s;h mu&s;t be given becau&s;e it &s;urpa&s;&s;es the limits of a thin diet. Moreover in this ague, bile, as being too &s;harp, u&s;es to heat, dry and corrode the parts, and it is certain, the Stomach and Liver are more affected with the&s;e Symptoms than they &s;hould be, and that their actions are therefore weakned, wherefore we mu&s;t feed them with food of ea&s;ie concoction, which is of a contrary quality. And &s;ince fle&s;h is not ea&s;ily concocted, nor abounds with a quality contrary to the humour, but with a mid|ling one, it is ill prepared by the Stomach and Li|ver, whence it comes to pa&s;s that a good &s;hare of it is converted into the nature of the humour that cau&s;es the di&s;ea&s;e. Things therefore mu&s;t be given which are ea&s;ie of concoction, and which are &s;trong in qualities contrary to the humour: We cannot find this in fle&s;h, but in herbs, fruits and &s;eeds. But we u&s;e to allow a Chicken or two made ready with Barley, Violets, Liverwort, Prunes and juice of Pomegranate, we give this broth in the declen|&s;ion of the Ague, and at &s;ome di&s;tance of time, a &s;orbition of Bread infu&s;ed one hour in Endive wa|ter, and on the intermi&s;&s;ion day we indulge the Pa|tient Chicken broth, and we &s;uppo&s;e that they who thus pre&s;cribe advi&s;e well. Indeed a man can|not invent a more whol&s;ome diet, and which &s;treng|thens Nature more, and reduces the Body more ef|fectually to a temper, the morbifick quality being de&s;troyed. Which we demon&s;trate thus, In a pure Tertian there comes a double drine&s;s upon the Body, the one po&s;itive, whereby the bile, of a dry na|ture, affects the Body; the other from the con|&s;umption of the natural moi&s;ture, which has its ri&s;e from the Bloud. We mu&s;t help either drine&s;s: But that the Phy&s;ician may &s;ooner help the &s;econd with chicken broth, tempered with cooling herbs, and &s;or|bitions of the &s;ame, than with any herbaceous food, is manife&s;t from hence, that a great &s;hare of this food is converted into bloud, and but a little of herbs and fruits. And if you imagine that every the lea&s;t particle of the body has a faculty be&s;towed on it, whereby it attracts, what is agreeable, and ejects what is trouble&s;ome, you mu&s;t under&s;tand, that Chicken broth or &s;orbition of it, becau&s;e it is more familiar to humane Nature, does much more moi&s;ten the exteriour and interiour particles. Be|&s;ides, &s;ince very little of Meats made of herbs and fruits, is converted into laudable bloud, it either pa&s;&s;es by Urine, or vani&s;hes by the habit of the Bo|dy, wherefore it is but a little that can be conver|ted into bloud, and moi&s;ten all the particles of the body. Wherefore if we would hinder each drine&s;s of the body, we mu&s;t not give meat of herbs or fruits alone, but together with them, things that afford good nouri&s;hment, &s;upplying indigent Na|ture; for hereby the virtues of the herbs will be more efficacious, when they are carried to the lea&s;t particles of the body: And of how ea&s;ie concoction Chicken broth and a &s;orbition of it are, is well known. Be&s;ides, in the intermi&s;&s;ion of the fit, and before the acce&s;&s;ion, I think agui&s;h per&s;ons mu&s;t not be fed with cooling herbs and meats, becau&s;e the
<PB N="235" REF="123"> herbs force the febrile heat inwards, and the meats retard the expul&s;ion by Nature, at which time things that cool and bind the body mu&s;t not be ad|mini&s;tred, but rather things which drive from the Centre to the Circumference, that we may imitate Nature acting regularly. We learn this from <HI>Galen</HI> 8. <HI>m. m.</HI> who after bathing, gave the Patient water wherein Par&s;ly was boiled, before his fit. On the Intermi&s;&s;ion day we can doe no harm by giving the fle&s;h of a chicken; for between the pa&s;t fit, and that which is coming, there are eighteen hours, in which, Nature re&s;ting from her by pa&s;t labour, has gathered &s;trength, &s;o as to be able to concoct a young Chicken, rightly boiled: And there re|mains the &s;ame interval of time to the beginning of the next fit, at which time there is no fear, that the fit will find the meat then unconcocted: for by how much &s;ooner the anticipation is, &s;o much &s;ooner will the Ague end in a pure Tertian. Be|&s;ides, Meats of herbs and fruits quickly conceive putrefaction from the fervent humour: wherefore horary fruits are of right forbid by Phy&s;icians in Fevers. As for what is &s;aid concerning the num|ber of days, wherein a Tertian is judged, it does not at all hinder; for we take the form of the Diet from the con&s;titution of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and the &s;trength of the Patient, and we &s;ay, that he who&s;e weak|ne&s;s is a little urgent, mu&s;t be fed with a gro&s;&s;er Diet, than the di&s;po&s;ition of his Di&s;ea&s;e requires. We &s;ay moreover, that they, who are of a rare ha|bit of body, and have thin humours, and are of a hot and dry Nature, mu&s;t have a gro&s;&s;er Diet given them, by rea&s;on the &s;trength of their bodies is &s;ooner wa&s;ted. Whence it is manife&s;t that Phy&s;i|cians, who in a pure Tertian feed their Patients both days with a thin Diet, do ca&s;t them, that are of a thin habit, and of a hot and dry Nature, into a Con&s;umption: Or, if they be of another com|plexion, they do, by their giving of cooling herbs and worts, ca&s;t them out of a pure into a ba&s;tard Tertian: Both which things the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t a|void, le&s;t he either make the Di&s;ea&s;e more dange|rous, or prolong it. And if the &s;ick Per&s;on be trou|bled with thir&s;t, it will indeed be much more be|neficial,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cap. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> if you give him cold water to drink, (if there be need of it) which will quench thir&s;t far better than to feed him with cooling herbs.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Whether does a Tertian or a Quotidian require a gro&s;&s;er Diet? Some think a Quotidian requires a gro&s;&s;er Diet than a &s;imple Tertian, be|cau&s;e it is longer, and &s;eeing the gro&s;sne&s;s of Diet, and its contrary, is taken from the di&s;tance of the &s;tate, it mu&s;t be, that the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es which are &s;ooner ended, require a thinner Diet, and on the contrary, 2. Greater &s;ickne&s;s and Symptoms prohibit meat more than weaker ones. But I will &s;hew by three rea&s;ons, that they are mi&s;taken, two of them from the Ague, the third from the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, conjunct and antecedent. Let us &s;uppo&s;e for exam|ple, two Per&s;ons, alike in temperature, age, ha|bit of body, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> that one of them were ill of a phlegmatick, the other of a cholerick Ague; in all re&s;pects alike, but in their Agues, and in the Cau&s;es of them; the Diet is taken from the &s;trength, the Di&s;ea&s;e not prohibiting, and the onely &s;cope of Alimony is pre&s;ervation of &s;trength, where there|fore &s;trength is mo&s;t wa&s;ted, more food is required to maintain it, than where le&s;s is wa&s;ted, if we may, for the Di&s;ea&s;e. But it is manife&s;t, that the &s;trength is more wa&s;ted in a Tertian than in a Phleg|matick Ague; therefore more nouri&s;hment mu&s;t be given in it, if we may, for the Di&s;ea&s;e: but we may, for the Patients are free from the Di&s;ea&s;e, and at perfect ea&s;e for a whole day and a night. But it falls out quite contrary in a Phlegmatick ague, &s;o that neither the &s;trength wa&s;ts &s;o much, nor may we doe &s;o much, becau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, for they are taken every day with their Ague, and often|times there is a &s;ubentrance of the latter, before the fir&s;t be over: Or it is but a very little time that they are quiet, and that, as &s;mall as it is, is not without &s;ome intrin&s;ick motion, beginning to di&s;po&s;e to the Paroxy&s;m at hand; &s;o that we mu&s;t of ne|ce&s;&s;ity feed the agui&s;h per&s;on in one fit before ano|ther be off; Or, if you regard that, you may feed him within the time of his di&s;po&s;ition to the next fit; which becau&s;e it is wor&s;e, it remains that the fir&s;t time mu&s;t be cho&s;en: but when the Ague is not yet off, it is clear, that le&s;s, and a thinner Diet mu&s;t be given, and more and thicker, when the bo|dy is free from it, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that we mu&s;t u&s;e a thinner Diet in a Phlegmatick, and a thicker in a cholerick Ague. Again, the report is, that the pituitous humour by farther coction is converted into bloud, and may nouri&s;h, for in tho&s;e that are taken with this Ague, the Stomach, Guts, and Me&s;araick Veins abound with pituitous excre|ments, which hinder the di&s;&s;olution of the antece|dent and conjunct Cau&s;e. The Conjunct you can no way better wa&s;te than by a thin Diet. As to the Antecedent Cau&s;e, by rea&s;on of the inequality of the pituitous &s;ub&s;tance, and the diver&s;ity of its quality, Nature has much more here to &s;eparate, concoct and convert, than in a Cholerick ague, in which for contrary rea&s;ons putrefaction is equally conceived. Hence it is manife&s;t, they mu&s;t be kept with a thinner diet, who have a Fever from Phlegm, than from Choler. Moreover, becau&s;e of the mul|titude of the matter, which is u&s;ually coincident with this Ague, Meat does much hinder its &s;ubtili|ation, inci&s;ion and con&s;umption. But in a Chole|rick one, as for what concerns the di&s;po&s;ition of &s;incere cholerick humour, Meat does not onely doe no harm, but helps both to repre&s;s the &s;harpne&s;s of the humour, and to give a due thickne&s;s to an over thin humour. As for the rea&s;on alleged from the di&s;tance and propinquity of the State, we mu&s;t know, that the cour&s;e of Diet mu&s;t not be directed in all Fevers according to the di&s;tance of the State, but onely in &s;uch as either by their continuity, or becau&s;e of their Symptoms, endanger Life within a few days. But a Tertian, e&s;pecially an exqui&s;ite one, is without danger, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 1 <HI>Epid.</HI> and how much it degenerates from this, by a mixtion of Phlegm with cholerick humour, &s;o far the Ague is not without &s;ome danger; for a Quotidian, whether it be nocturnal or diurnal, is not without it, as we learn from him, wherefore upon account of the danger that is in a Phlegma|tick Ague, we mu&s;t keep them that have it with a thinner Diet, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 1. <HI>de v. acut. But if any pain or danger appear,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Galen</HI> con&s;ents, who allows one ill of a Tertian, Birds, Eggs, &s;to|ny Fi&s;h, Cock's Stones, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But 1. <HI>ad Glauconem</HI> in a Quotidian he orders the giving of an inci&s;ive Diet, but it is manife&s;t that &s;uch an one nouri&s;hes le&s;s than the things afore&s;aid. From the&s;e things a|ny man may gather, that in a Tertian not pure, where Phlegm is mixt with Bile, a thinner Diet is requi&s;ite than in one that is exqui&s;ite: The very thing which <HI>Galen l.</HI> 1. teaches. <HI>In uncertain Tertians we mu&s;t take more care, as much as po&s;&s;ible, that we neither in|crea&s;e the &s;ickne&s;s, nor de&s;troy the Patient's &s;trength, that mu&s;t be afflicted a longer time.</HI> We perceive this farther from him, when in &s;uch incertain Tertians, he or|ders the agui&s;h to doe it onely every other day, which he did not advi&s;e in a pure Tertian: There|fore they that have a phlegmatical Ague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cap. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> mu&s;t be kept with a thinner Diet than they that have a Tertian.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="236" REF="124">
<HEAD>Dr. <HI>Sydenham</HI>'s Method of curing Agues with the Je&s;uit's Bark.</HEAD>
<P>AS for what concerns the cure; it has been now well known to me for many years, how dan|gerous a thing it is in Tertians and Quotidians (which when they are new, and have put on no type, are &s;till next door to Continual fevers) to attempt one by Sudorificks: For though it be very well known, that a&s;&s;oon as Sweat breaks out, re&s;tle&s;&s;ne&s;s, and other Symptoms, vani&s;h immedi|ately, and an Apyrexy &s;ucceeds, and therefore of con&s;equence it mu&s;t be Indulged a little, at lea&s;t not hindred, when the fit is going off, yet it is very evident, that if Sweat be forced more than it &s;hould, the Fever which intermitted will prove continual, and the Patient's Life is in a hazardous condition, this man is &s;aved, and the other peri&s;hes. The rea&s;on is this, unle&s;s my conjecture fail me, namely, that this profu&s;e Sweat, when it exceeds the mea&s;ure of the febrile matter, exalted &s;o far by the heat of the fit, that it may then be ca&s;t off by de&s;pumation, is the re&s;t of it laid out in inflaming the bloud. Therefore while I con&s;idered with my &s;elf the ineffectualne&s;s of this Method, and of o|ther Evacuations, that is, of Bleeding and Purging (both of which by relaxing the tone of the bloud protract the Di&s;ea&s;e,) the <HI>Peruvian</HI> Bark gave me the mo&s;t certain hope, concerning which I can &s;afely &s;ay, notwith&s;tanding the prejudice as well of the vulgar, as of &s;ome of the learned, I never &s;aw, nor could rationally &s;o much as &s;u&s;pect any mi&s;|chief befall the &s;ick from the u&s;e of it. And in|deed if I were as well a&s;&s;ured of the duration of its effects, as I am of its innocence, I &s;hould make no &s;cruple to give it the fir&s;t place among all Me|dicines that are yet extant; for it is not onely <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">und to be of excellent virtue in this Di&s;ea&s;e, but al&s;o in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Womb and the Stomach: So little rea&s;on has any man to complain of the unwhol|&s;omene&s;s of it.</P>
<P>But the &s;aid Bark has got an ill name, for the&s;e rea&s;ons e&s;pecially, if I am not mi&s;taken. Fir&s;t, Be|cau&s;e all tho&s;e horrible Symptoms that attend an Ague, when it has tormented a man a long time, are imputed to the Bark, when indeed he has not at all ta&s;ted it, or taken it but once. Secondly, Becau&s;e many reckon, &s;eeing it drives away the Di&s;|ea&s;e by an occult virtue, and not by &s;en&s;ible evacu|ation, that the matter cau&s;ing the Di&s;ea&s;e, which &s;hould have been driven out, does lie &s;hut up by the a&s;tringent Virtue of the Bark, like an Enemy within the Walls, ready to give new di&s;turbance, and that the Patient is not quite e&s;caped, when he &s;till drags his Chain. But the&s;e men do not con|&s;ider that the Sweats which end the fit, have ca&s;t off all that was gathered in the lucid interval of the fit, and there remains onely the Seminary of the Di&s;ea&s;e, to be ripened in time; and that the Bark pur&s;uing the flying fit at the heels, when all Provi&s;ions, or the &s;u&s;tenance of the Di&s;ea&s;e, which &s;hould have been &s;ent in, is intercepted, the Bark cannot be &s;aid to retain that in the bloud, which cannot be found there, unle&s;s as in <HI>Embryo;</HI> and therefore mu&s;t not be held guilty either of tho&s;e Fits or Ob&s;tructions which are commonly objec|ted.</P>
<P>But by what means do we find, that the Bark drives away Agues, by its a&s;tringent faculty? He that would prove this, mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity fir&s;t produce other A&s;tringents endued with the like virtue, cer|tainly I have tried the &s;tronge&s;t of them, and I could never as yet obtain my end. But what would he &s;ay, if it cure &s;ome, who after the taking of it, go as often to &s;tool (which happens to &s;everal) as if they had taken a &s;trong Purge? This it is for a man to be truly wi&s;e and to keep him&s;elf within due bounds. But if any will deceive him&s;elf, and think that he is endued with other faculties, than what are &s;ub&s;ervient either to <HI>Natural Theology</HI> (that is, that due veneration may be given to GOD the Architect and Moderator of all things, with the pro|founde&s;t pro&s;tration of Mind, which of right he de|&s;erves) or to <HI>Moral Philo&s;ophy,</HI> (that he may exerci&s;e vertue, and accommodate his Manners both to the private and publick good of Humane Society) or la&s;tly to <HI>the Art Medical, Mathematical,</HI> or to &s;ome <HI>Me|chanick Trade</HI> (which are a&s;&s;i&s;tant to the life of all men.) Let this man fir&s;t draw any <HI>Hypothe&s;is</HI> from the <HI>Natural Philo&s;ophy</HI> School, by which he can explicate but onely one &s;pecifick Difference of things in Na|ture; for example, let him render a rea&s;on, why all Gra&s;s is every where found to be green, and no where of any other colour, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If he can doe this, I will with all my heart &s;ub&s;cribe to his judgment; But if not, I will not fear to &s;ay, that all a Phy|&s;icians care and indu&s;try &s;hould be be&s;towed in pum|ping out the Hi&s;tory of Di&s;ea&s;es, and in u&s;ing tho&s;e Remedies, which, Experience being his Guide and Mi&s;tre&s;s, are able to cure them, yet ever ob&s;erving that Method in Cure, which right Rea&s;on (foun|ded not on &s;peculative Imaginations, but upon the trite and natural way of thinking) &s;hall dictate. I will therefore briefly declare what I have learned by practice, concerning this method, wherein we mu&s;t give the Bark.</P>
<P>The <HI>Peruvian</HI> Bark (which is vulgarly called the Je&s;uit's Bark) about five and Twenty Years agoe, (if I remember aright) fir&s;t became famous among our <HI>Londoners</HI> for curing of Agues, e&s;pecially Quar|tans. And indeed for very good rea&s;on. Seeing the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es were &s;eldom cured before by any other Me|dicine or method, wherefore they were called <HI>oppro|bria Medicorum,</HI> and truly were a reproach to Phy&s;i|cians. But not very long after it was damned for two rea&s;ons, and tho&s;e no &s;mall ones, and &s;o was wholly di&s;u&s;ed. Fir&s;t, becau&s;e it being given a few hours before the fit, according to the received cu|&s;tome of that time, &s;ometimes killed the Patient: Thus I remember it happened to a Citizen of <HI>Lon|don,</HI> one Alderman <HI>&V;nderwood,</HI> and to one Captain <HI>Potter</HI> an Apothecary in <HI>Black Friers.</HI> This tragical effect of the Powder, although very rare, did yet de&s;ervedly withdraw the be&s;t Phy&s;icians from the u&s;e of it. Secondly, becau&s;e the Patient being rid of his fit, which would otherwi&s;e have come, and it &s;eldom failed, yet within fourteen days he re|lap&s;ed, that is, when the Di&s;ea&s;e was new, and had not &s;pent it &s;elf by length of Time. Mo&s;t men be|ing &s;wayed by the&s;e rea&s;ons, did utterly ca&s;t off the hope they had conceived of this Powder former|ly: Nor did the&s;e value the keeping off a fit for a few days at &s;uch a rate, that upon &s;uch a &s;core they would endanger their Lives by taking the Powder. But for &s;everal years &s;ince &s;eriou&s;ly con&s;idering with my &s;elf, and revolving, that the virtue of this Bark was not common, I was confi|dent Agues could better be cured by no other Me|dicine, than by this Herculean one, if what care and diligence was nece&s;&s;ary were taken. There|fore I contrived a long time with my &s;elf, how I might prevent the danger impending from the Pow|der, and the relap&s;e, which followed in a few days, (which were the two inconveniences to be avoi|ded) and by the help of it to promote the Patient to a degree of perfect health.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t of all I &s;uppo&s;ed the danger that was threat|ned, did not &s;o much proceed from the Bark, as from the un&s;ea&s;onable giving it to the Patient: for when great &s;tore of febrile matter is gathered in the bo|dy on the intermi&s;&s;ion days, the fore&s;aid Powder, if it be taken immediately before the fit, hinders the morbifick matter from being eliminated in Na|ture's Method, that is, by the violence of the fit, which therefore being contrary to all rea&s;on &s;hut
<PB N="237" REF="124"> up, u&s;ually brings the Patient into danger of his Life. Now I reckoned I could keep off this Mi&s;|chief, and al&s;o put a &s;top to the breeding of febrile matter anew, if a&s;&s;oon as one fit was off, I &s;hould pre&s;ently give the Powder, that the following might be &s;topt, and if on the intermi&s;&s;ion days, at &s;et times now and then, I repeated the &s;ame, till a new fit were coming, and &s;o I might gradually, and therefore &s;afely, thoroughly tinge the ma&s;s of bloud with the &s;alutiferous virtue of the Bark.</P>
<P>Secondly, &s;ince the Relap&s;e (which u&s;ually hap|pened within fourteen days) did appear to me to ari&s;e from thence, that the Bloud was not &s;uffici|ently &s;aturated with the Virtue of the Febrifuge, which how efficacious &s;oever, yet was not &s;ufficient at one time, utterly to exterminate the Di&s;ea&s;e, therefore I gue&s;&s;ed nothing would be &s;o good for preventing the fit, as a method of repeating the Powder, even when the Di&s;ea&s;e was conquered for the pre&s;ent, always at ju&s;t intervals, that is, before the virtue of the preceding do&s;e were wholly &s;pent.</P>
<P>My Mind therefore, &s;wayed with the weight of the&s;e Rea&s;ons, dictated to me the Method, that I now u&s;e. Being called to one ill of a Quartane-Ague, (&s;uppo&s;e on <HI>Monday</HI>) if the Fit were to come on the &s;ame day, I meddle not, but onely put him in hopes that he &s;hall be freed from the next. And therefore the two intermi&s;&s;ion days, (that is, <HI>Tue&s;day</HI> and <HI>Wedne&s;day</HI>) I give morning and evening two drachms of the Bark, finely powdered, in Wine, or in form of an Electuary, with <HI>Syrupus &egrave; Ro|&s;is &s;iccis,</HI> what is &s;ufficient, drinking upon it a draught of Wine. On <HI>Thur&s;day</HI> at which time the fit is fea|red, I order nothing, becau&s;e u&s;ually none comes, the reliques of the febrile matter being de&s;pumated, and ejected the bloud by the u&s;ual &s;weats which completed the preceding fit, and the gathering of a new <HI>minera, fomes,</HI> or matter, being prevented by the repeated u&s;e of the Powder on the days be|tween the fits.</P>
<P>And however, le&s;t the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hould return (which was one of the fore&s;aid inconveniences) on the &s;eventh day, after the Patient had taken his la&s;t Do&s;e, I certainly give him the &s;ame quantity of the &s;aid Powder, (that is, one ounce divided into four parts) in the &s;ame method that I gave the for|mer. But though the cure once in this manner re|peated often make an end of the Di&s;ea&s;e, yet the Patient is not wholly out of harms way, unle&s;s he vouch&s;afe to ob&s;erve his Phy&s;ician, when he pre|&s;cribes him the &s;ame Method at the &s;ame di&s;tance of time a third or a fourth time; e&s;pecially when the Bloud has been weakned with &s;ome preceding Eva|cuation, or the Patient has unadvi&s;edly expo&s;ed him&s;elf to the cold Air.</P>
<P>But though this Medicine have no purgative vir|tue in it, yet through the peculiar temper, and Idio|&s;yncra&s;ie of &s;ome Bodies, it &s;ometime happens that the Patient is violently purged ofter the taking of it, as if he had taken a &s;trong Cathartick, In this ca&s;e it is altogether nece&s;&s;ary to give <HI>Laudanum</HI> with it, that it may not be able to perform this opera|tion, &s;o plainly contrary both to its own Nature, and to the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>I take the &s;ame method in other Agues, whe|ther Tertians or Quotidians; for upon the ending of the fit I immediately fall upon both, and I fol|low and pre&s;s them (as much, that is, as their Na|ture will bear) by the repetition of the Medicine in the but now mentioned inter&s;tices of the fit; yet with this difference, that whereas a Quartane can very rarely be got off under an ounce, divided in|to Do&s;es, the others may be &s;o &s;ubdued with &s;ix drachms, that they will give &s;ome truce at lea&s;t.</P>
<P>But Tertians and Quotidians, though after a fit or two they may &s;eem to intermit, yet oftentimes they afterwards turn into a kind of Continual Fe|vers, and come onely to a Remi&s;&s;ion, even on tho&s;e days they promi&s;ed an Intermi&s;&s;ion: e&s;pecially when the Patient has been kept too hot in Bed, or has been puni&s;hed with Medicines to carry off his Ague by Sweat. In this ca&s;e taking an opportunity from the remi&s;&s;ion, be it never &s;o little (for that is all I have left me to doe) I give the Powder ju&s;t af|ter the fit (as near as I can gue&s;s) giving a drachm and a half every &s;ixth hour for four times, making no matter of the fit, becau&s;e otherwi&s;e in too &s;hort an interval the Alexiterick virtue of the Bark cannot be communicated to the Bloud.</P>
<P>And though the Agues which are now ri&s;e among us, after one or two fits incline to Continual Fe|vers, yet &s;ince they mu&s;t be referred to the Inter|mittent (or Agues) I make no &s;cruple to give the Bark, even in tho&s;e that are mo&s;t Continual of this kind, which being repeated in the manner afore|&s;aid, will certainly bring the Patient to an Apy|rexy, if the con&s;tant heat of the Bed, and the un|&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of Cordials, have not made it a Continual Fever; in which ca&s;e I have more than once ob&s;erved, the Bark would doe no good. Nor was it ever yet my hap to ob&s;erve, that Wine, in which the Bark is given (which one might well &s;u&s;|pect) did any harm to one in an Ague; but on the contrary, Heat, Thir&s;t and other Symptoms of the Ague, did pre&s;ently vani&s;h, after taking 6 drachms, or to the value of them in another form, notwith|&s;tanding the Wine.</P>
<P>And whereas there are &s;ome that cannot bear this Bark in form neither of a Powder, nor of an Electuary, nor yet of Pills, I give them an Infu&s;ion made in the cold; that is, I infu&s;e for &s;ome while two ounces of the Bark gro&s;ly powdered in a quart of Rheni&s;h Wine. This Liquour being &s;everal times pa&s;&s;ed through <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Sleeve, and of a clear colour, is not &s;o offen&s;ive, but that it may plea&s;e the mo&s;t delicate Palate; four ounces of the &s;aid Infu&s;ion having &s;tood &s;everal days, &s;eem to contain the virtue of one drachm of the Bark given in Pow|der. Which becau&s;e it is neither ingratefull, nor burthens the Stomach, it may be taken twice as of|ten as any other forms of that Medicine, namely, till the fits are gone.</P>
<P>For Children, who&s;e tender age might he en|dangered by &s;uch a quantity either of the Powder or of the Infu&s;ion, as will conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e, I order 2 or 3 drachms of the Bark to be boiled in a pint of French Claret, to a con&s;umption of a third part, and one &s;poonfull or two of the Cola|ture to be given twice or thrice a day, according to their age, till the Fits come no more.</P>
<P>It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved moreover, that becau&s;e the &s;hort inter&s;tices between the Fits in Tertians and Quotidians, do not allow time &s;ufficient, fully for to &s;aturate the Bloud with the febrifuge virtue of the Bark, it cannot be expected, that the Patient &s;hould certainly mi&s;s the next fit after his taking it, as it u&s;ually happens in a Quartane: for in tho&s;e the Medicine often will not perform the promi&s;ed cure under two days.</P>
<P>And we mu&s;t take notice, that if the Patient, notwith&s;tanding the abundant caution, given be|fore, do neverthele&s;s fall into a relap&s;e (which &s;el|domer happens in a Quartane, than in Tertians or Quotidians) yet it will be the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician, not to in&s;i&s;t too pertinaciou&s;ly upon the method of giving the Bark at the &s;aid Intervals, but according to his judgment, to attempt the cure by &s;ome other means, to which, above all other things, the <HI>Decoctum Amarum,</HI> as they call it, is gene|rally held greatly to conduce.</P>
<P>As to Diet and Regiment, the Patient mu&s;t nei|ther be kept from meat nor drink, which gratifie his Stomach; Horary Fruits notwith&s;tanding, and cold Liquours (as very much helping to weaken the bloud, and to bring the Ague again afterwards) ever excepted. Let him eat therefore Fle&s;h, ea&s;ie of Concoction, and of good juice, and let him u&s;e
<PB N="238" REF="125"> a little Wine for his ordinary drink; by which thing alone I have &s;ometimes re&s;tored &s;ick per&s;ons, even them, who&s;e bodies being weakned with the frequent recour&s;e of the Ague, have eluded the virtue of the Bark, which was &s;alutiferous to o|thers. Nor ought the Patient unadvi&s;edly to com|mit him&s;elf to the cold Air, till the Bloud have ob|tained its pri&s;tine vigour anew. But above all things all manner of Evacuations whatever mu&s;t be avoided, &s;ince even the mo&s;t gentle purge, nay, a Cly&s;ter of Milk and Sugar, does mo&s;t certainly bring the Patient into danger of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and perhaps into the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf again. This is what I had in brief to &s;ay concerning the u&s;e of the <HI>Peruvian</HI> Bark: Nor had I a mind to indulge the pomp of Medicines: Since indeed they that add any thing to the Bark be&s;ides a Vehicle, nece&s;&s;ary to tran&s;mit it to the Stomach, do offend either out of Ignorance, in my opinion, or out of Knavery, which a good man abhors from his Soul,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham, <HI>Epi&s;t. Re|&s;pon&s;or.</HI> 1. <HI>pag.</HI> 22.</NOTE> who as being part of the &s;ame common Nature, can never be induced by a|ny private profit of his own to put a Cheat upon tho&s;e of his own Tribe.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by Emi|nent Phy&s;icians in various Fevers and Agues.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>In Fevers, properly &s;o called.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. OIL of Antimony is good almo&s;t for all Fe|vers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola.</NOTE> &para; And Spirit of Sal Ammoniack.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is a mo&s;t excellent food in a Colliquative Fever; Take the fine&s;t flower of Spelt, put it in an earthen Ve&s;&s;el, with which and Sugar make a <HI>&s;tratum &s;uper &s;tratum,</HI> till the Ve&s;&s;el be full. The pro|portion mu&s;t be 4 ounces of Sugar to a pound of Flower. Bake this in an Oven till it be dry. Take 3 ounces of this meal, mix it with broth of fle&s;h, and a fourth part Ro&s;e-water, and white Saunders half a drachm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> Make a Pti&s;an. Of which let the Patient take as often as he plea&s;es.</P>
<P N="3">3. Take a piece of Cyprian Vitriol, infu&s;e it in 5 pounds of water, drink 6 ounces of this blew water every morning for 6 days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE> if the Patient vo|mit, he will be cured within ten days.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Sengreen, called <HI>Vermicularis,</HI> brui&s;ed with Vinegar and Barley-flower, and applied to the right <HI>hypochondrium</HI> in a Fever, that is not exce&s;&s;ive bur|ning, does much good. Believe the experienced. &para; If the Fever be not very burning, make two bags of Barley flower, as big as ones back, and apply one to the whole back,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> when it grows hot, expo&s;e it to the Air, and apply the other.</P>
<P N="5">5. Oil, Salt, or Magi&s;tery of Mother of Pearl, fir&s;t made with di&s;tilled Vinegar, or precipitated with Spirit of Vitriol, is an excellent Sudorifick and Antifebrile, if it be mixt with E&s;&s;ence of An|timony,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crugner.</NOTE> made of <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum.</HI> I call it <HI>Mixtura Antifebrilis Diaphoretica.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. Butter of Pearl is a &s;tupendous and very ef|fectual remedy for the cure of a Hectick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. Take clear Aloes, the be&s;t Myrrh, and the be&s;t Saffron, each 1 ounce and an half. Let the two former be powdered fine. Put them in a ca|pacious and &s;trong Gla&s;s, &s;eal it by melting the neck of the Gla&s;s, di&s;till it in a moderate heat, le&s;t the Gla&s;s break, till you &s;ee the whole ma&s;s con|crete at the bottom, and the clear Oil to circulate with the water on the &s;ides of the Gla&s;s, then open the neck of the Gla&s;s, and pour in &s;ome Cinamon Water, and di&s;till them in wet Sand,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE> upon which &s;calding wa|ter mu&s;t gradually be poured, till nothing more will come over the Alimbeck; and with this Medicine I have cured both Quartans and Continual Fevers.</P>
<P N="8">8. It is found by experience that Burnet infu&s;ed in warm Water pre&s;ently cures a continual Fever. &para; Water di&s;tilled off Water Melon is a great Medi|cine with &s;ome, for it pre&s;ently quenches the heat of the bloud. &para; The water of Gourd is excellent in burning Fevers. A fre&s;h Gourd is coated with fre&s;h Pa&s;te, it is baked in a hot Oven with bread, and the water which is found within it is kept; or a whole Gourd is cut in pieces, put in a new earthen Pot, is baked and &s;trained out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> and a little Sugar is added.</P>
<P N="9">9. In burning Fevers <HI>Bezoardicum Solare, Martiale, Lunare, Joviale</HI> or <HI>Antihecticum Poterii</HI> are very good, to &s;top the ebullition of the bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> and they are good in periodical continual Fevers.</P>
<P N="10">10. This is a certain experiment in burning Fe|vers; Take Speedwell, Mou&s;ear each half an ounce Make a Powder, infu&s;e it in Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kornthave|rus.</NOTE> let it &s;tand a Month. Let him drink often of it; it expells heat and cures any Fever.</P>
<P N="11">11. <HI>Nitrum Vitriolatum</HI> (that is the coagulated Spi|rit of Vitriol) is good in all Fevers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Myn&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ht.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. Take of Spirit of Vitriol, Urine, each one pound. Mix them, di&s;till them by retort, and a Cry&s;talline Butter will a&s;cend. Of which give one &s;cruple, mixt with 3 ounces of water or phlegm of Vitriol, to the &s;ick party. It is &s;o excellent a Medi|cine that it has &s;aved many mens lives;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Poppius.</NOTE> for it extin|gui&s;hes the internal preternatural heat.</P>
<P N="13">13. <HI>Sal Prunellae,</HI> from half a &s;cruple to half a drachm, is an excellent alterative, and much ex|ceeds others, if it be di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> water, and drunk, it cools powerfully, and quenches thir&s;t. &para; <HI>Acidum Tartari Aluminatum</HI> has a &s;ecret vir|tue in opening ob&s;tructions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rol&s;inccius.</NOTE> and e&s;pecially in curing Tertian agues.</P>
<P N="14">14. Take of choice <HI>Manna,</HI> as much as you plea&s;e, di&s;till it by a Cucurbit with a gentle fire, you will have an in&s;ipid Spirit;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderus.</NOTE> an excellent Sudorifick in all Fevers.</P>
<P N="15">15. The Water or Phlegm of Alume is much e&s;teemed by &s;ome in all &s;orts of Fevers, where, if it were mixt with its Spirit, it is like,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Angelus Sa|la.</NOTE> it would be more effectual.</P>
<P N="16">16. Take of Mucilage of Quince &s;eeds, Flea|wort &s;eeds, Oil of Violets, fre&s;h butter wa&s;ht, each 1 ounce, white Wax what is &s;ufficient, anoint the <HI>Spina dor&s;i.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ben. Vict. Faventinus.</NOTE> It is admirable good in Fevers of &s;uch per&s;ons as cannot take Medicines.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>In a Malignant, Spotted, Pe&s;tilential Fever, and the Plague.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In the Plague, and after taking of Poi&s;on, the E&s;|&s;ence of Antimony is very good. &para; <HI>Mercurius vitae fixatus</HI> is very good in Pe&s;tilential Fevers. &para; Al&s;o the flowers of <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> are an excellent remedy in Pe&s;tilential Fevers. &para; An excellent Bezoardick Vine|gar; Take of the root of the greater Fern, Butter|bur, <HI>Angelica,</HI> Tormentil, Elecampane, each 1 ounce, Powder of Serpents, red Myrrh, &s;havings of Harts|horn, each 1 ounce, flowers of Marigold, <HI>Tunica,</HI> each 2 pugils, &s;eeds of Sorrel, Citron, <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, Saffron 1 drachm, <HI>Terra Sigillata, Venice</HI> Treacle, each 1 ounce and an half. The be&s;t Vinegar 4 pounds. Mix them, &s;et them in the Sun, You will make a Vinegar, than which nothing is more effectual, 1 &s;poonfull where|of taken in the morning, will pre&s;erve you &s;afe from the Plague that day. &para; Vinegar of Antimony. The do&s;e 1 &s;cruple, that day you take it, it pre&s;erves you from the Plague. &para; Spirit of Nitre is of great u&s;e in Malignant Fevers. &para; This diaphoretick mixture is of great efficacy in Malignant Fevers; Take of Spirit of <HI>Terra Sigillata</HI> 1 drachm, Tartar, half a drachm, Treacle 1 drachm, Magi&s;tery of
<PB N="239" REF="125"> Coral,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Agricola.</NOTE> Pearl, each half a &s;cruple, Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Citron, each half an ounce. Mix them. Make a draught for 2 do&s;es.</P>
<P N="2">2. Our Country people, in the Plague time, de|fended them&s;elves onely with Vinegar of Marigolds, and they e&s;caped without danger.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. A certain Man cured &s;everal of the Plague, one|ly by applying a piece of the Monocerot's horn, and with an infu&s;ion of it in common water for their ordinary drink; and he gave this for prevention, for they that u&s;ed &s;uch water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bo elius.</NOTE> were not infected with the Plague.</P>
<P N="4">4. Some &s;ay, who have tried it, that if in the be|ginning of a Pe&s;tilential fever, one drink 2 or three ounces of Juice of Marigold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Champegius.</NOTE> and cover him&s;elf with Clothes, he will be free from that infection.</P>
<P N="5">5. This powder was u&s;ed with great &s;ucce&s;s in the Plague, and is given by many (but erroneou&s;ly) as a common cure for Fevers; Take Sugar-Candy 3 drachms, Ginger 2 drachms, Camphire 1 drachm. Mix them. The do&s;e 1 drachm in Water and Vine|gar, in which Tan&s;ie has been boiled, e&s;pecially when the &s;ea&s;on is not hot. &para; I could al&s;o prove the efficacy of this Electuary by good witne&s;&s;es; it is made al&s;o of Camphire; Take of <HI>Scordium</HI> 3 drachms, Tormentil, White Dittany, Zedoary, Gen|tian, <HI>Angelica,</HI> Cloves, each 1 drachm, Saffron, Cam|phire, each 2 &s;cruples. Mix them. Make a pow|der, &s;prinkle it with Water of <HI>Carduus,</HI> in which are di&s;&s;olved of Treacle 2 drachms, and with Syrup of Juice of <HI>Carduus,</HI> and of <HI>Scordium,</HI> make an Electuary. The do&s;e 1 drachm, or more, in <HI>Carduus</HI>-water. &para; Nothing is better, to pre&s;erve children from the Plague, than Bole-Armenick, with a little Tormen|til and Citron-pill powdered, which may be &s;trew|ed on their Meat. &para; In a Pe&s;tilential fever the fol|lowing Water is a truely royal Medicine, and is highly commended; Take Spirit of Malm&s;ey-wine, eight times di&s;tilled, 8 Mea&s;ures; put to it of root of Tormentil, <HI>Serpentaria,</HI> each 1 ounce, <HI>Angelica,</HI> Zedoary, each half an ounce, Citron-peel, Cina|mon, each 1 drachm; let them &s;tand 3 days in a gla&s;s &s;topt, and in a warm place, then the&s;e things be|ing ca&s;t away, and &s;trained out fir&s;t, pour this <HI>Elixir</HI> again into a gla&s;s, and let the&s;e things, tied up in Linen, be put into it; Take of fre&s;h <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> Am|bergri&s;e, be&s;t Rheubarb, each 2 drachms, Musk half a drachm, let the Ve&s;&s;el be well &s;topt, keep it. One drop of it, in Summer time, is taken with Sugar of Ro&s;es, for pre&s;ervation; to tho&s;e that are infected, one ounce may be given, with Water of <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> Scabious, or <HI>Scordium,</HI> adding 1 drachm of this Powder; Take of Hart&s;horn, Unicorns-horn, each 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Terra &s;igillata</HI> half a drachm, Pearl, Emerald, each half a &s;cruple, Camphire 7 grains; 5 grains of Bezoar-&s;tone may be added; and every 3 hours 1 &s;cruple of this powder may be given with Water of Water-lily, Sorel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and when the Pa|tient has taken it, let him Sweat. &para; I have learn|ed by certain experience, that to pour &s;ome Spirit of Malm&s;ey-wine upon Amber, and keep the Gla&s;s clo&s;e &s;topt, and every morning to take a few drops with Bread,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> is an excellent pre&s;ervative from the Plague.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Elixir Alliatum</HI> is reckoned a great Pre&s;ervative from the Plague; it is made thus; Take twenty heads of Garlick clean&s;ed, brui&s;e them, put them in an Alembick, pour to them rectified Spirit of Wine, till it &s;tand four inches above, di&s;till it <HI>in Bal|neo</HI> by cohobations, always putting in new Garlick; in the la&s;t di&s;tillation add of Camphire, tied in a rag and hung in the no&s;e of the Alembick, 1 drachm, di|&s;till it as before. &para; There is a mo&s;t &s;ecret virtue a|gain&s;t the Plague in the herb Milfoil whole, with its Flowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deodatus.</NOTE> with which onely the Buriers u&s;e to guard them&s;elves in the greate&s;t Plagues.</P>
<P N="6">6. A compound Oil is made of Scorpions, and is much celebrated among&s;t Chymi&s;ts, it is commonly called <HI>Oleum Clementis,</HI> it &s;hews wonderfull effects in Poi&s;on, and in all Pe&s;tilential Di&s;ea&s;es, reviving them that are half dead; which Oil I highly commend in this ca&s;e, if the Arteries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Salius Diver&s;us.</NOTE> and the region of the heart be anointed onely with it.</P>
<P N="7">7. A Salt is made of the a&s;hes of a burnt Toad, with Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> or Meadow-&s;weet. The do&s;e half a drachm in <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water, for a Sweat in the Plague, which it powerfully pro|motes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE> and it is very good to ca&s;t the Plague out thereby.</P>
<P N="8">8. I take Earth-Toads, and hang them up, and dry them in the Air, then I lay them on a hot Tile, to make them dry, I powder them; but fir&s;t I anoint the Pe&s;til and Mortar with Oil of Scorpions, that the Powder may not get into my No&s;e, and hurt my brain with its poi&s;onous quality; I take of this Powder 1 ounce, &s;owre Leven 4 ounces, the be&s;t Treacle 1 ounce, leaves of green Rue 1 handfull. I mix all the&s;e things well with Honey, and apply it to the <HI>Bubo</HI> twice or thrice a day. This Pla&s;ter draws the Poi&s;on out of the body wonderfully to it &s;elf; a whole Toad dried,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guilh. Fra|bricius.</NOTE> and applied to a <HI>Bubo</HI> does the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="9">9. This is a mo&s;t noble Bezoardick Tincture; Take of <HI>Mi&s;tura &s;implex</HI> 3 ounces, Berries of the herb One berry 3 drachms, <HI>Scorzonera</HI>-Root 4 &s;cruples. Make an Infu&s;ion and dige&s;t them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Mich. Febr.</NOTE> The Do&s;e 1 &s;cruple to 2 &s;cruples.</P>
<P N="10">10.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hier. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> I e&s;pecially commend <HI>Flammula Jovis</HI> to be ap|plied to a <HI>Bubo,</HI> becau&s;e it draws much, and rai&s;es bli&s;ters, by which the Poi&s;on is purged out.</P>
<P N="11">11. This Pla&s;ter is commended above all others for Swellings and Pe&s;tilential Buboes; Take a Frog and a Toad dried, powder them, add thereto of Gum <HI>Opoponax,</HI> Frankincen&s;e, each 2 ounces, <HI>Galba|num</HI> 1 ounce, <HI>Serapinum</HI> 4 ounces, Bdellium 3 drachms; pour to them Ro&s;e-vinegar what is &s;ufficient, boil and di&s;&s;olve the Gums, add of Camphire, Oil of Sul|phur each 1 ounce. Fry them in a Frying-pan into the form of a Pulte&s;s, and apply it hot to the Swel|ling, repeating it every &s;ix hours. &para; This is very good to anoint Carbuncles; Take of <HI>&V;nguentum Ba&s;ilicon</HI> 1 ounce, fat of Vipers 1 ounce, extract of <HI>Scordium</HI> 3 drachms, Treacle 2 drachms, Juice of Lemons, Oil of Scorpions, each half an ounce. Mix them. Make an Unguent. Anoint the Carbuncles, &para; Above all other things, which by experience are found good to pre&s;erve from the Plague, Vitriol is the thing: To the &s;tronger &s;ort it may be given to 1 drachm di&s;&s;olved with Honey and Water; for the weak it is prepared with Ro&s;e-water, and ground very fine, at lea&s;t four times, and &s;o half a drachm of it may be given with Wine or Honey. &para; In a Malignant Spotted Fever this Cordial-water of mine is mo&s;t ex|cellent; Take of Juice of Goat's Rue, Sorrel, <HI>Scor|dium,</HI> Citron, each 1 pound. Mix them. Add 1 ounce of Treacle: Infu&s;e them in warm Water, then di&s;till them <HI>in Balneo.</HI> The do&s;e half an ounce morn|ing and evening. &para; This is a mo&s;t excellent Pow|der, which pre&s;erves from, and cures the Plague; Take of White Vitriol (it is fir&s;t powdered, and infu&s;ed in water, then it is dried, and this is done three or four times, adding a little Camphire) of White Dittany, Tormentil-root, each 2 drachms. Make a Powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is 1 drachm in Water of Plantain, or Ro&s;es, or Sorrel.</P>
<P N="12">12. This Powder of mine was very good; Take of Root of Dittany, Tormentil, Bole Armenick pre|pared, <HI>Terra &s;igillata,</HI> each 3 drachms, Roots of Gen|tian, Butter-bur, <HI>Tunica,</HI> each 2 drachms, red Sanders 1 drachm, &s;havings of Ivory, Citron-Pill, red Coral, Bone of a Stag's heart, Root of Zedoary, each half a drachm, prepared Pearl, both the <HI>Behens,</HI> each 2 drachms, Amber, Unicorn, each half a &s;cruple, leaves of Gold and Silver, each N^o 3. Make a Powder. The Do&s;e in pre&s;ervation 1 drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> in the cure 4 Scruples.</P>
<P N="13">13. This is an excellent pre&s;ervative again&s;t the Plague; Take of Sugar-Candy powdered 4 ounces,
<PB N="240" REF="126"> imbibe it with dulcified Spirit of Salt, (which is thus made; Take Spirit of Salt, and Spirit of Wine, each equal parts, &s;ublime them three or four times by a retort, and they will unite in&s;epa|rably, and grow &s;weet) to the form of an Electua|ry, of which take one drachm in the morning fa&s;t|ing;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gockelius.</NOTE> it will keep off all Putrefaction.</P>
<P N="14">14. In a Malignant Fever, this is a great &s;ecret. Nitre &s;teeped in Vinegar of Ro&s;es, and Juice of Prick-madame, applied to the Pul&s;es, a&s;&s;wages heat and pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hayne.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">15. <HI>Heini&s;ius</HI> his Pe&s;tilential Oil, which is made of rectified Oil of Amber,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof. mannus.</NOTE> Citron, and Camphire, the do&s;e, from five drops to half a &s;cruple, does won|ders in Pe&s;tilential Fevers.</P>
<P N="16">16. I have ob&s;erved, that <HI>Bezoard<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cum minerale,</HI> is not onely of u&s;e in Malignant and Spotted Fevers, and the Pleuri&s;ie;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> but is al&s;o a pre&s;ent remedy in the Plague.</P>
<P N="17"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Neukrantz.</NOTE>17. <HI>Contrayerva</HI>-Root is a mo&s;t excellent Sudori|fick in Spotted Fevers.</P>
<P N="18">18. Take the Rinds and Seeds of Twelve Lemons, Juice of <HI>Scordium</HI> three pounds, Juice of Sorrel, Ga|langal, Scabious, <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> each 1 pound, &s;ha|vings of Hart&s;horn four ounces, old Treacle 6 oun|ces, being cut and brui&s;ed mix them together: di|&s;till them in <HI>Balneo.</HI> The do&s;e 1 ounce, by it &s;elf, or mixt with other Liquours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">19. The Volatile Salt of Hart&s;horn has an excel|lent diaphoretick virtue in burning Malignant and Pe&s;tilential Fevers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">20. A Liquour again&s;t the Plague; Take of the burning Spirit of Juniper-berries 8 ounces, rectified Spirit of Tartar, Spirit of Stag's bloud, each four ounces, Spirit of Vitriol 20 drops, Cinamon, <HI>Ange|lica,</HI> Myrrhe, each half an ounce, <HI>Laudanum opiatum</HI> 2 drachms; infu&s;e them <HI>in Balneo</HI> for twenty hours, then let the thin be poured off the thick by incli|nation, and keep it. This liquour wonderfully re|&s;i&s;ts the Plague, and other &s;orts of Poi&s;ons. The do&s;e from 15 drops to 20.</P>
<P N="21">21. This Powder is highly commended for clean|&s;ing infected hou&s;es, yea, and for pre&s;erving them from the Plague, if it be u&s;ed for a fume morning and evening;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nertus.</NOTE> Take of Juniper-berries four hand|fulls, Rue, Elecampane-root, outer rind of Birch, Savine, Goats-horn ra&s;ped, each two handfulls, leaves of Oak, Myrrhe, each 1 ounce. Mix them. Make a powder. &para; I have formerly given this powder in the Plague with good &s;ucce&s;s; Take of Bezoar-&s;tone twelve grains, Bone of a Stag's heart 1 &s;cru|ple, prepared Emerald, prepared Jacinth each 7 grains. Make a Powder for two do&s;es in &s;ome convenient water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">22. They &s;ay, that Scabious, with Nitre and fre&s;h Hog's lard,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Virdo.</NOTE> is a divine remedy, to di&s;cu&s;s a pe&s;tilential Carbuncle.</P>
<P N="23">23. The Air mu&s;t be corrected with a fume of Ram's, or Goat's-horn: for there is a great and a peculiar &s;afeguard in this, and it defends ones clothes. &para; The Place where people &s;ick of the Plague have lain, and are taken out, is clean&s;ed from the contagion by nothing better, than crude Sulphur; if it be burnt in the room clo&s;e &s;hut, and the fume be kept in &s;ome time, and then the Windows &s;et open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus.</NOTE> to let it out.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>In Tertian Agues and Quotidians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This hath been experienced in Tertian Agues; Take of Juice of Gentian conden&s;ated 1 drachm, or of the liquid 1 drachm and an half, Chicken broth 3 ounces, <HI>Spec. Diarrhodon Abbatis,</HI> and <HI>Aromat. Ro&s;at.</HI> each 1 Scruple.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> Drink it.</P>
<P N="2">2. For Tertians; Take a draught of the be&s;t White-wine, boil it half away, and then drink it, it will cau&s;e one to Vomit much Water. I have cured many &s;o.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE>3. This is experienced for a Ba&s;tard-Tertian; Take Spiders Webs clean&s;ed, mix them with <HI>&V;nguen|tum Populeon,</HI> and make them into &s;ix Pills, two of which mu&s;t be applied to the Pul&s;es of the Temples, two to the Pul&s;es of the Arms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> and two to the Pul|&s;es of the Feet, laying Vine-leaves upon them, and binding them on three hours before the Fit.</P>
<P N="4">4. One may very well purge on the Fit-day. I have often tried it, and in mo&s;t the event always an|&s;wered; In Tertians I doe this after the third or fourth Fit, in Quotidians later.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Chamaemil-water, drawn off the Juice, is an excellent remedy for long and pertinacious Agues, if one ounce be given in the morning fa&s;ting for two or three days. I have often experienced it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. I have not found a better remedy, as well for pre&s;ervation as cure of Tertian Agues, than <HI>Oxy|&s;accharum &s;implex,</HI> which re&s;i&s;ts putrefaction, becau&s;e of the Vinegar, and Juice of Pomegranate, or Sy|rup of Lemons. For by taking &s;ome of it every day, I pre&s;erved my &s;elf from an Ague; and others have cured them&s;elves of Agues by it. &para; I have found by long experience, that <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> is good in a Quotidian Ague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> though mo&s;t u&s;e it a|mi&s;s in all Fevers.</P>
<P N="7">7. Juice of Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kornthave|ru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> each what is &s;ufficient, with a little Salt. Give two or three Spoonfulls before the Fit in all Agues.</P>
<P N="8">8. The fixt Salt of Wormwood becomes a more generous Medicine, if, when it is di&s;&s;olved in Ci|chory Water, as much <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> be added, and then they be coagulated together according to Art. Half a drachm, or a drachm-weight given them that are &s;ick of a Tertian, in warm Beer, &s;weetned with a little Sugar, to make them &s;weat &s;toutly, is a Medicine much to be preferred before the <HI>Antifebrile Crollii,</HI> made of Shells.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>In Quartane Agues.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Spirit of Sal Ammoniack is an excellent Secret in a Quartane Ague. The do&s;e is from 5 drops to 10 in Cichory-water.</P>
<P N="2">2.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola.</NOTE> The powder of a Man's Skull given in drink to one when he knows not of it, has been experien|ced to cure Quartane Agues.</P>
<P N="3">3. Sal Ammoniack &s;even times &s;ublimed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and made quite &s;piritual, taken in a draught of Wine or Beer warm, let him Sweat 8 days in the morn|ing. This is excellent good for Quartans.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Bry.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. This is an experiment again&s;t a Quartane; Take of Seed of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort 2 drachms, A&s;hes of Man's Skull 1 drachm. Mix them for 3 do&s;es, 3 hours before dinner.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Some reckon this for a great &s;ecret; They take 2 drachms of Leaves of Betony powdered in an Egg, four hours before the Fit, and they repeat it three or four times on other days. And certain|ly it is admirable good in an inveterate Quartane.</P>
<P N="6">6. After Univer&s;als,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> I anoint the Chine with Oil of Chamaemil and Dill, each alike mixt and hot, beginning at the Neck, down to the Buttocks; and after anointing I wrap him in warm Linen, and when I have done this thrice, not onely the cold Fit, but the Ague cea&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. A &s;cruple, or half a drachm of crude Alume in the water or decoction of le&s;&s;er Centaury, if it be given 5 hours before the Fit, and Sweat, if po&s;|&s;ible, provoked,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> I cannot &s;ufficiently commend it in a Quartane.</P>
<P N="8">8. I u&s;e to drive away Quartane Agues with a Pla&s;ter of a few di&s;&s;olving and ab&s;ter&s;ive things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE> and it never failed me.</P>
<P N="9">9. In a Quartane Ague the following Pla&s;ter was the Secret of the Prince of <HI>Anhalt,</HI> which &s;ometimes &s;o extracts the febrile Infection, that now and then it rai&s;es bli&s;ters; Take of Pepper, Salt, Saf|fron, Garlick, which is covered with earth, of each alike, what is &s;ufficient. Beat them in a Mortar to the form of a Catapla&s;m, put a little in a Rag,
<PB N="241" REF="126"> and apply it to the out-&s;ide of the Ring-finger, of the left hand, take it off the &s;ame hour it is applied, and repeat it before the Fit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hertod.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Flowers of Sal Ammoniack are excellent in a Quartane. &para; Roots of crude <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> though crude, they provoke Vomit, with great perturbation, yet boiled in Water, and not in Wine, they are chang|ed into a deoppilative Diuretick, which the Spici|ne&s;s that lies in it, does &s;hew. <HI>D. Oheimius</HI> fled to this, as to his la&s;t refuge, in tedious Fevers, depend|ing on inveterate Ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Hypochondria.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">11. Again&s;t a Quartane, as a famous thing, I re|commend di&s;tilled Oil of Pepper 4 drops, given with extract of Gentian. Al&s;o Flowers of Sal Am|moniack, or the Salt thrice &s;ublimed, with extract of Spleenwort, or le&s;&s;er Centaury. Al&s;o Spirit of Nitre prepared with Sulphur. Al&s;o Spirit of Vitri|ol of <HI>Mars</HI> and <HI>Venus,</HI> given in Gentian or Treacle-water. And outwardly I mu&s;t highly commend Sage,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. Lan|gius.</NOTE> Rue, and Shepherds-pur&s;e with Vinegar, ap|plied to the Pul&s;es.</P>
<P N="12">12. I was in fear of the Fourth Fit of a Quar|tane, and before it came I drank a little Spirit of Wine, or <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> &s;weetned with Sugar, and I &s;aw no Fit, but had an end of my Ague, to my great joy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lotichius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">13. One that was ill of a double Quartane, was cured with 3 do&s;es of an infu&s;ion of <HI>Senna</HI> in <HI>Aqua Riverii febrifuga,</HI> which is nothing el&s;e, but Spring-water with Salt of Tartar, who&s;e wonderfull effects we experience continually in all long Fevers, and in di&s;ea&s;es coming from Ob&s;tructions. &para; Extract of Germander, with Salt of Tamarisk, made into Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> is commended as a mo&s;t excellent Medicine for a Quartane.</P>
<P N="14">14. I have often tried the following Medicine with &s;ucce&s;s; Take of Leaves of Elder, Sage, Dovesfoot, Rue, each half an handfull, Marigold 2 handfulls, Salt and Wine alike, a third part. Beat them together,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> apply it to the Wri&s;ts before the Fit. Remove them when there is occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="15">15. I can &s;ay from my own experience, that if Seed of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort be brui&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE> and given in Wine before the Fit, it does much good.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> or, A narrow and long &V;lcer.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cau&s;e of its pertinacy. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A palliative Cure &s;ometimes lawfull. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of them mu&s;t not always be undertaken. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All do not admit of a Cure. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The force of a hot and dry Air in curing of them. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;nder the Armpit cured with actual fire. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One in the Brea&s;t, with a decay of the <HI>Os &s;ternum,</HI> mu&s;t not be cured by burning this bone. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One with an ero&s;ion of the Collar-bone cured. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by eating things. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fallopius</HI> his Syrup efficacious in the cure. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be filled with Hellebore. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One in the nether Jaw cured by drawing of a Tooth. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One in the right Pap eaten out. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When one <HI>in Ano</HI> requires a palliative cure? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the cure by a Thread be &s;afe? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fi&s;tulae</HI> of long &s;tanding in old Men mu&s;t not be cured. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The con&s;umption of the <HI>callus</HI> by Medicines, without actual fire. <HI>XVII.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Daughter of <HI>N.</HI> after a grievous pain in her Loins, fell into a trouble&s;ome <HI>Fi&s;tu|la</HI> in her Groin, which, by continual running, wa&s;t|ed her body, &s;o that in a &s;hort time &s;he departed this life. The cutting of her up &s;hewed an evident <HI>Caries,</HI> in a ba&s;tard-rib, which continually &s;ent out a &s;harp <HI>ichor</HI> into the fle&s;h below, which being erod|ed, there came a long and anfractuous <HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> which was beyond the Skill of Medicine. You may &s;ee the defect of the &s;ame Art in <HI>Fi&s;tula's</HI> of the <HI>Anus,</HI> who&s;e beginning &s;ometimes runs very high, either to the Loins, or the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> of the Brea&s;t, or &s;ome|times to the Shoulders; who&s;e inacce&s;&s;ible <HI>Caries</HI> the tortuous winding of the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> does hinder from being &s;earched with a probe, which al&s;o hinders in|jections, de&s;igned to clean&s;e the Ulcer, and does ex|clude the Hand, which might take out the vitiated Bone. Which neverthele&s;s not being timely taken away, the Patient dies before his time, and the <HI>fi&s;tu|la,</HI> deriving its original from a remote <HI>Caries,</HI> does ob&s;tinately re&s;i&s;t the Phy&s;icians cure. Who&s;e lips though you clip open, and ampliate (which yet is very good in cutaneous <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI>) neverthele&s;s you will lo&s;e your labour, and you can never come to the farthe&s;t end of the&s;e &s;inuous windings, from whence &s;o many branches, and &s;o frequent rivulets de&s;cend by mu&s;cles and tendons, which lie deep, that though a Probe be never &s;o dextrou&s;ly put into &s;uch a tortuous <HI>fi&s;tula,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 28. <HI>l.</HI> 3.</NOTE> yet it can never reach or re|move the <HI>Caries,</HI> that is the cau&s;e of a continual <HI>fi|&s;tula.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The cure of <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> is two-fold, one fictitious, fal&s;e and palliative, the other true. Of the Pallia|tive, <HI>Galen</HI> makes mention, <HI>lib. de Tum. p. n. c.</HI> 4. and <HI>Avicenna</HI> 4. 4. <HI>tr.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 2. When the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> is dried up within, and healed on the out&s;ide, a <HI>&s;inus</HI> (or hollow place) remaining within; which is performed by putting drying Medicines into it, by keeping a good Diet, and by purging of the &s;uperfluous hu|mours. By this means the <HI>Sinus</HI> is clo&s;ed for a time, the orifice healing up: But afterwards, when any moi&s;ture is gathered in it, an Ab&s;ce&s;s is formed a|gain, and the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> returns. I do not deny, I &s;ome|times u&s;e this fal&s;e cure for the Patient's con&s;olati|on. For having purged the body, and ordered a &s;pare diet, I leave off Tents (which I had a long time put in &s;uch incurable <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI>) and apply a new Sponge, wet in &s;ome Mineral water, and wrung-out, or in &s;ome <HI>lixivium,</HI> or Lime-water. By this means, the whole was clo&s;ed outwardly, &s;o that the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> &s;eemed to be cured, the Patients being di&s;mi&s;&s;ed. This &s;ort of cure &s;ometimes wanted &s;ucce&s;s, &s;ome|times not: for the integrity and &s;oundne&s;s of the Skin conduces much to the cure of external Di&s;ea&s;es, be|cau&s;e the natural Heat expires by the Aperture, and the natural functions of the part are not perform|ed. But when the orifice is &s;topt, the natural heat is kept in, then it performs aright the work of concoction, it dige&s;ts and di&s;cu&s;&s;es excrements;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aquape<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|dens.</NOTE> &s;o that &s;ometimes the <HI>&s;inus</HI> fills up, which it would not have done, if the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> had remained open. There|fore the palliative cure of <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> mu&s;t not be re|jected.</P>
<P N="3">III. A <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> in the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> if it come from an in|ternal cau&s;e, is never perfectly cured, it is indeed &s;ometimes skinned over, but it quickly returns, up|on the lea&s;t internal cau&s;e, yea, and &s;ometimes if it be &s;topt up for a while, grievous Symptoms do fol|low. Once, when I had &s;carce cicatrized a <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> in a Man of Three&s;core, which followed a caruncle and retention of Urine, and the Patient after the cure was continually tormented again with difficul|ty of Urine, and other Symptoms; I was forced to open the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> again, upon which he not onely reco|vered, but lived to above Three&s;core and &s;even|teen. Hence Patients may learn, not to be &s;o &s;oli|citous for the cure of &s;uch <HI>fi&s;tula's;</HI> for they are a proper pa&s;&s;age for the excretion of much excre|ments, which, by the benefit of Nature, are ca&s;t off thither, from the Liver, Kidneys, Bladder, and the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els: For I have ob&s;erved, that they who have had &s;uch <HI>fi&s;tula's,</HI> are u&s;ually free from
<PB N="242" REF="127"> other wor&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es. I reckon Ulcers in the <HI>Peri|naeum,</HI> when they come to the Urinary pa&s;&s;age, al|mo&s;t incurable, becau&s;e of abundance of Excrements, wherewith old men abound, and the weakne&s;s of the excretive faculty, ari&s;ing from <HI>Venus,</HI> or from &s;ome other cau&s;e, &s;o great, that it cannot di&s;charge the Urine, full of excrementitious humours, by the anfractuous pa&s;&s;age of the <HI>penis.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">anus, <HI>cent.</HI> 5. 1 <HI>&s;.</HI> 75.</NOTE> We need not de|&s;pair of a cure in Children and young Men.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Some mu&s;t not be cured, according to <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3. 39. <HI>&amp; lib. de Humor.</HI> 3. that is, &s;uch as di&s;charge the body of &s;uperfluous humours, and pre&s;erve from other Di&s;ea&s;es: Such are in the lower parts, old ones, and remote from the principal parts. They mu&s;t not be clo&s;ed, yea rather, they &s;hould be opened, if they chance to heal up. I have known people, who have had a <HI>fi&s;tula in ano;</HI> without any mi&s;chief, for 25 years, yea, it has done them good. Be&s;ides, &s;ome <HI>fi&s;tula's,</HI> in their own nature, refu&s;e a cure, according to <HI>Albuca&s;is, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 28. &s;uch as reach to the great Veins, Arteries, or Nerves, the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> Guts, Bladder, <HI>Vertebra's</HI> of the Back, and Ribs, &s;uch as are in any joint of the hand, or foot: For they do not admit convenient Medicines. &para; I have often &s;een <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> near the Eyes and the <HI>Anus</HI> cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. ab A|quapenden|te.</NOTE> and pernicious Symptoms, and death have followed thereupon. I have al&s;o &s;een <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> cured outwardly, and a <HI>Sinus</HI> left within, e&s;pecially about the <HI>podex,</HI> out of which, &s;harp <HI>Ichores</HI> coming, by tran|&s;umption, to the neck of the bladder, u&s;e to rai&s;e &s;uch Symptoms, as are ordinary in the Stone of the Bladder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In one, who 27 years &s;ince broke his Leg, the wound could not be &s;o healed, but that an <HI>Ichor</HI> would always be ouzing out of it, the Sore at la&s;t ending in a <HI>fi&s;tula.</HI> A few years after he was &s;ent to <HI>Madrid,</HI> the care of his body being neglected, be|cau&s;e of his bu&s;ine&s;s; yet he found, after a few Months, that the trouble&s;ome <HI>Serum</HI> &s;topt, and ran not again for 3 years. When he returned to <HI>Copen|hagen,</HI> the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> opened by little and little, and af|ter the old manner ran a Serous matter daily for &s;e|veral years. He is &s;ent again into <HI>Spain,</HI> upon &s;ome affairs, the wound clo&s;ed up again, and did not run any thing for &s;ix years, while he abode at <HI>Madrid.</HI> Then returning to his Country, he found the hole opened again in a few Months time, which is not yet healed up,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Porri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hius</HI> in Actis De|nicis.</NOTE> the moi&s;t Air in the North opening what the dry Spani&s;h Air had &s;hut.</P>
<P N="6">VI. One had two deep <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> under the Arm-pit, all that I had tried being in vain, I cured him thus: I burnt both the <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> to the very bottom (they reached to the very ribs) with a red-hot Iron, without a Ca&s;e, &s;everal times, till the <HI>Callus</HI> was wholly and equally taken off the <HI>Sinus</HI> of the <HI>fi&s;tu|la's.</HI> To deterge the E&s;char, I u&s;ed Tents, fir&s;t of all long and thick, anointed with Butter, after|wards with a dige&s;tive: When laudable <HI>Pus</HI> appear|ed, I put in others anointed with <HI>&V;nguentum ex beto|nica,</HI> which I made every day &s;horter and &s;horter. The&s;e things being removed, I applied a Bol&s;ter of Linen under the Arm-pit, compre&s;&s;ing it with a &s;trait Ligature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 38.</NOTE> I perfectly cured the Patient in 20 days time.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t never proceed to burning of the <HI>Os Sternum,</HI> becau&s;e it does not &s;cale off, as others do, which when they are not altogether corrupt|ed, but onely in part, if they be burnt, onely what is peri&s;hed falls off, the laudable part remaining: Which does not &s;o fall out in the <HI>Os Sternum;</HI> becau&s;e it being tough, does not &s;o ea&s;ily &s;cale off: but ra|ther, when the burning reaches to the internal part of it, the whole corrupt part mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity ab&s;|cede, not indeed in 30 or 40 days time, as other bones do, but &s;ometimes in three years; where|fore I advi&s;e you, never to burn the <HI>Os Sternum:</HI> For I have ob&s;erved it to ab&s;cede in many not under 2 or 3 years: So that the cure is ea&s;ier and &s;afer by Abro&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s; <HI>39.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. One had a Swelling with a <HI>fi&s;tula,</HI> above the left &s;ide of his Collar-bone, who&s;e orifice was &s;o narrow, that it would &s;carce admit a pin's point. About &s;ix months before, he had been ill of a Fe|ver, which ended in an Ab&s;ce&s;s in that place. The Ulcer, after it had remained open for four weeks, clo&s;ed up, a &s;welling and hardne&s;s remaining behind. When he told me this, I pre&s;cribed things to evacu|ate bilious humours, wherewith he abounded, for the matter was yellow, which the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> voided. Then I dilated this very narrow <HI>fi&s;tula,</HI> not with any cutting in&s;truments (whereby not onely the pecto|ral Mu&s;cle, which had been &s;ufficiently hurt by for|mer inci&s;ions, might be more hurt, but al&s;o there was fear, that if this were not u&s;ed dextrou&s;ly, the Jugulars being di&s;&s;ected, or but a little hurt, might bleed the Man to death) but with a tent of dried Gentian-root, tied to a thread: The next day I took it out &s;welled with a bilious <HI>ichor,</HI> and black at the end, and &s;earching the quality of the <HI>Sinus,</HI> and cau&s;e of the colour, with a Probe, I found &s;ome part of the clavicle rough and moveable: Then I put in a root thicker than the former, anointing the adjoining parts, to hinder imminent inflamma|tion; The third day I put in a bigger piece of Gen|tian-root, and &s;o con&s;equently, till the hole &s;eem|ed wide enough: The &s;ixth day I filled the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> with round pieces of prepared Sponge tied to a Thread: The &s;eventh day I took them out, and the <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> was wide enough for taking out of the Bone, which I took out: The eighth day the bloud &s;topping, I &s;trewed this powder on the &s;ound bone, uncovered; Take of Root of Florentine Orice, <HI>Ari|&s;tolochia rotunda, Peucedanum,</HI> each 1 &s;cruple and an half, <HI>Euphorbium</HI> half a &s;cruple, Myrrhe 1 &s;cruple: I ap|plied dry Lint, till it was healed up with firm fle&s;h: I deterged the Ulcer every day, by &s;trowing on &s;ome powder of white Sugar (which mitigates Bile) every day, and I cicatrized it with <HI>Diapalma</HI> Pla&s;ter. For the hardne&s;s remaining, <HI>Empla&s;trum Oxe|laeum</HI> was applied, with a Linen-cloth three double, &s;trained out of a decoction of &s;trengthning things in Wine; making convenient ligature, that the re|licks might be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Armom. ob&s;.</HI> 51.</NOTE> and a new afflux of hu|mours might be hindred. Thus within a month and 14 days the Patient was cured.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A young Man 18 years old, had a hard Swelling in his right &s;ide, which came to &s;uppura|tion: Being ill treated, it turned into a callous <HI>Si|nus,</HI> or <HI>fi&s;tula:</HI> Univer&s;als premi&s;ed, to &s;earch the quantity and quality of it, I dilated the extreme narrow orifice, with the pith of Elder very much writhen, &s;o that it would admit a round Probe, with which gently put in through the corruption, I touched a rough edge of the rib. To con&s;ume the <HI>Callus,</HI> I put in a tent of lint writhen, anointed with this Ointment; Take of powder of Henbane Seed 1 &s;cruple, burnt Alume, burnt Vitriol each 1 &s;cru|ple and an half; Butter wa&s;ht in Plantain water what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. When the <HI>Callus</HI> was extirpated, 1 put in a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ent of Lint, the top whereof, wet in <HI>Decoctum divinum,</HI> I &s;trewed with powder of <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> to correct the <HI>Caries</HI> of the rib: but the re&s;t of the tent, that I might prevent the regeneration of <HI>callus,</HI> I anointed with this Un|guent; Take of <HI>&V;nguentum de Betonica</HI> 1 ounce, <HI>&V;n|guentum Aegyptiacum</HI> 2 drachms, I put it in every day, till the corrupted rib, after 2 months, ca&s;t off &s;ome skales, which being taken out, I applied every day a le&s;s tent, dipt in Ointment of Betony,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ob&s;. <HI>41.</HI></NOTE> till the Ul|cer being filled up with &s;olid fle&s;h, was cicatrized by benefit of <HI>Ceratum divinum.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. When an Ulcer is old and fi&s;tulous, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to that admirable magi&s;terial Syrup, de&s;cribed by the mo&s;t excellent <HI>Fallopius, lib. de Vulne|rib. c.</HI> 38. which does good with the greate&s;t &s;uc|ce&s;s, in any inveterate <HI>fi&s;tula's</HI> of the brea&s;t, where|of this is a de&s;cription, to which we al&s;o add <HI>China.</HI> Take of Root of Mar&s;hmallow, Leaves of Mi&s;lefoil,
<PB N="243" REF="127"> Horehound, Mugwort, Dock, Coleworts very green, Burnet, Bramble tops, Roots of Madder, with Leaves of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> Feaver-few, le&s;&s;er Centaury, Honey-&s;uckle, each half an handfull; <HI>Olibanum,</HI> half a drachm; <HI>Sarcocolla,</HI> 1 ounce; Seeds of Ani&s;e, Plantain, Fenil, Hemp, each half an ounce; Saffron, Rheubarb, greater Centaury, each 2 ounces; odoriferous White-wine what is &s;ufficient, <HI>China</HI> 6 drachms. Brui&s;e the Ingredients, infu&s;e them in the Wine for 24 hours, boil them without Water, and &s;train them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphanius. Ferdina<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|dus, <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 32.</NOTE> add of the be&s;t Honey 4 pounds. Let this Decoction boil up one ebullition with the Honey. The Do&s;e is 5 ounces in the morning.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some order the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> to be filled with Helle|bore, and that it mu&s;t be done for three days; but when I did it once in a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> of the <HI>Spina dor&s;i,</HI> near the region of the Heart, the Patient fell into frequent Swoonings. Therefore I' think it no &s;afe Remedy, e&s;pecially if the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> be in any part of the Brea&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. A Matron had been long troubled with a Defluxion upon her Teeth in her nether Jaw, and when &s;he had not taken care to get the Tooth pul|led out, upon which the Defluxion fell, at length, after an Inflammation and great Pain had ri&s;en a|bout the roots of it, an Ab&s;ce&s;s gathered, which breaking outwardly, the Pain abated. The Ulcer degenerated into a <HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> which remained even for fourteen years. Having undertaken the Cure, I found the upper part of the Tooth, at the Root whereof the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> was, eaten away almo&s;t to the <HI>Alveolus.</HI> I drew out the Root of the Tooth, after|wards I applied a Tent anointed with my Oint|ment, to wa&s;te the Callo&s;ity; when the Callo&s;ity was eroded, I &s;trewed every day &s;ome Powder of precipitate upon it, and applied <HI>Diapalma</HI> Pla&s;ter, nor did I alter the Medicines before the Ulcer was perfectly cured, which was within a month. And the Root of the Tooth was eroded, unequal, and covered with a &s;tony matter lying on it in manner of Scales.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 33.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Lying-in Woman had an Inflammation in her right Brea&s;t from concretion of Milk, which be|ing too much hardned with Di&s;&s;olvents, turned to an Ab&s;ce&s;s, then into a deep <HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> with a <HI>Callus</HI> of a narrow orifice. Her Body being purged, I &s;ufficiently dilated the narrow orifice of the <HI>Fi&s;tu|la</HI> with tents of Gentian; afterwards I wa&s;ted the <HI>Callus,</HI> by once putting in a tent of Lint, &s;mea|red with the following Ointment; Take of Mer|cury precipitate, burnt Alume, Verdigreece, &s;alt Nitre, each equal parts; Mix them with Whites of Eggs beaten, as much as is &s;ufficient. It quick|ly extirpates the <HI>Callus</HI> of <HI>Fi&s;tula's</HI> (but in the ner|vous parts e&s;pecially, and &s;uch as are endued with an exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e, not &s;o plea&s;antly and &s;afely) When the <HI>Callus</HI> was con&s;umed, the Ulcer was clean|&s;ed with <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum,</HI> incarnated with <HI>&V;n|guentum de Betonica,</HI> con&s;olidated with <HI>Ceratum divinum,</HI> and the reliques of the hard tumour were di&s;&s;olved with <HI>Ceratum oxaeleon.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Armam. ob&s;.</HI> 43.</NOTE> <HI>Empla&s;trum ex &s;permate Ceti Myn&s;ich|ti</HI> cures hard Swellings from curdled Milk.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. When a <HI>Fi&s;tula in ano</HI> reaches to the Gut, the finger anointed with Oil of Ro&s;es mu&s;t be put into the <HI>anus,</HI> and al&s;o a <HI>falceolus</HI> (or a crooked Inci&s;ion-knife) with it, and when the finger is thus put in, the <HI>fal|ceolus</HI> mu&s;t be &s;o guided, that it do not err in cutting into the callous &s;ub&s;tance, that it may al&s;o cut the haemorrhoid Veins. I approve rather of Inci&s;ion, than of Detraction of the <HI>Callus,</HI> which is made by ligature. But we mu&s;t take notice, that the <HI>Callus</HI> mu&s;t not reach above four inches lengthways into the Gut: Otherwi&s;e we mu&s;t u&s;e onely a pallia|tive Cure; or when it reaches to the bladder or the <HI>os &s;acrum,</HI> proceeding beyond the <HI>&s;phincter,</HI> be|cau&s;e the <HI>&s;phincter</HI> would be cut, and an involunta|ry excretion of the <HI>faeces</HI> would follow. Then therefore it mu&s;t be twice every day fomented with a Decoction of Mullein,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> and the Decoction mu&s;t be injected.</P>
<P N="15">XV. <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 4. and his Followers do cut a <HI>Fi&s;tula in ano</HI> which does not penetrate, by breaking through the bottom of it, they gather both ends of it with a twi&s;ted &s;ilken thread (yet red &s;ilk &s;ingle, becau&s;e of its tenuity and tincture, cuts and eats in &s;ooner) and &s;o &s;training it very hard with a lit|tle piece of a &s;tick tran&s;ver&s;e, they cut the whole <HI>&s;inus,</HI> or the Inter&s;tice of both holes. But <HI>Aquapendent</HI> de&s;ervedly rejects this Inci&s;ion of <HI>Fi&s;tulae in ano</HI> by a thread, becau&s;e it is too &s;low, and puts a Man to continual pain: And, he &s;ays, it mu&s;t never be u&s;ed, but when People are afraid of the Knife. <HI>Scultetus, Fab.</HI> 45. propounds a new way of Cure by the edge of a <HI>Syringotomus</HI> and a thread, which joins the opinions of <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and of the later Chirurgeons.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Yet <HI>Fi&s;tulae in ano</HI> in old Men, deriving their original from &s;ome old Fluxion, as from the Haemor|rhoids of long continuance, cannot &s;afely be cured, unle&s;s, before the Wound be healed, an I&s;&s;ue be made in the Thigh three or four inches above the Knee, for evacuation of the matter daily gathe|red, which u&s;ed to be evacuated by the old <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Penetrating <HI>Fi&s;tulae</HI> are very ea&s;ily and &s;afe|ly cured without an actual Cautery, which &s;ome commend, to con&s;ume the <HI>Callus</HI> in <HI>Fi&s;tulae,</HI> if when the <HI>Syringotomus</HI> is pa&s;&s;ed through, the Bloud be &s;topt, and Haemorrhagie prevented, and the <HI>Callus</HI> wa|&s;ted with this Medicine; Take of <HI>Mercury</HI> precipi|tate half a drachm, Honey of Ro&s;es half an ounce. For the <HI>&s;phincter,</HI> according to <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Hae|morrh.</HI> may &s;afely be cut any way, without prejudi|cing its office, if but an eighth part of it be left un|touched; otherwi&s;e an involuntary excretion of the <HI>faeces</HI> would follow, and then mo&s;t certain Death.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have &s;een <HI>Fi&s;tulae</HI> of the Feet often cured with this Remedy: Fir&s;t wa&s;h them with a Lye of Vine-a&s;hes; then u&s;e an Unguent made of Sugar, Oil-olive, Mercury and Wine, each equal parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. This wonderfully cures <HI>Fi&s;tulae;</HI> if they be of|ten wa&s;hed, and the hollow of them filled with an <HI>Arcanum</HI> mixt with Tincture of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda</HI> drawn with Spirit of Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. The Bulb of Cornflag mixt with Starch, Vi|negar and Foxes grea&s;e, cures <HI>Fi&s;tulae</HI> and running Sores mo&s;t effectually.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laurember|gius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. This is highly commended by many Authours, e&s;pecially for drying up and healing a <HI>Fi&s;tula;</HI> Take of Water of the Vine 2 ounces, Malm&s;ey wine 1 ounce, Honey of Ro&s;es 10 drachms, Myrrh, root of <HI>Peucedanum,</HI> each 2 drachms; <HI>Sarcocolla, Aloe Epati|ca,</HI> each 1 ounce and an half; Mix them. Let them boil up onely once moderately, and let it be injec|ted by a Syringe into the <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ettius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. A wonderfull Water for <HI>Fi&s;tulae;</HI> Take of green Shells of Wall-nuts, let them &s;tand in the &s;hade, di&s;till them; Take of the di&s;tilled Water 7 pounds, di&s;till it again, add of Honey 2 pounds, di&s;till it a|gain and keep it for u&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Praevotius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. After Univer&s;als are u&s;ed, &s;ome commend this Potion; Take of Sanicle, Mugwort, Speedwell, <HI>Saracene's</HI> Con&s;ound, Winter-green, each 1 ounce; Savine 1 ounce and an half, Hor&s;e-tail half a drachm; Boil them in White-wine; Make a Potion, which if you would have more effectual, in every Do&s;e mix of prepared Crabs-eyes half a &s;cruple. For Sa|vine and Crabs-eyes are very good to expell Bones, <HI>Pus,</HI> broken Veins and the like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senner.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. This is a mo&s;t &s;ecret Medicine; Take of Tops of le&s;&s;er Centaury 3 handfulls, Roots of greater Plantain fre&s;h 1 pugil, Leaves of Germander, Sca|bious, each 1 handfull; New-wine 3 pounds and an half. Boil them to half. Let the Herbs and Roots be well pounded and &s;trained out hard; then boil them on a gentle Fire, to the con&s;i&s;tency of Honey, and keep it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Stokkerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8"><PB N="244" REF="128">8. This is an approved Medicine for a <HI>Fi&s;tula;</HI> Take of Leaves of red Cabbage, and the Seeds of the &s;ame, Roots of Madder, each equal parts: Brui&s;e them in &s;ome Wine, and boil them to a third; &s;train out the Liquour, and boil them to the con&s;i&s;tency of Honey. Give two &s;poonfulls mor|ning and evening every day. &para; <HI>Filipendula,</HI> and the Grains found at the end of its Root are good for the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Fluor Muliebris,</HI> or, Womens Whites.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>How it may be known from a <HI>Gonorrhoea? I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The blame mu&s;t not always be laid upon the Womb. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding is &s;ometimes good. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured within a month by taking a loo&s;ning Pti&s;an. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Diureticks be proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they be always good? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Every one mu&s;t not be cured by a Sudorifick Diet. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents and Strengthners mu&s;t be &s;ea&s;onably u&s;ed. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues in the Legs are good. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it is cau&s;ed by the u&s;e of Catharticks and Baths. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e Women that have a dry No&s;e, are u&s;ually &s;ubject to it. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Womb mu&s;t be &s;trengthned. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Malignant one impo&s;es upon the Phy&s;ician. <HI>XIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme Women that are ill of a virulent <HI>Gonor|rhoea,</HI> hiding their fault under an innocent name, pretend they are ill of the Whites, becau&s;e in both ca&s;es abundance of filth is voided. But the Chirurgeon may ea&s;ily di&s;tingui&s;h the Whites from a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> and he may &s;atisfie him&s;elf, a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> will never be cured without Salivation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. The cau&s;e, which continually breeds the cor|rupt humour is &s;ometimes in the Womb, &s;ometimes in other principal parts. They are therefore grie|vou&s;ly mi&s;taken, who a&s;cribe the cau&s;e of all that comes from the Womb, and of the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> to the Womb alone. For in what Wo|men cold Bowels, or ob&s;tructed, or &s;cirrhous, have cau&s;ed Crudities, an ill Habit or Drop&s;ie, the cor|rupted humour being poured into &s;everal parts of the body, often falls upon the Womb, and tending that way purges the Body, which is done in &s;ome others by urine or &s;tool.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Seeing the Whites depend upon a Cacochy|mie, and it being drawn to the Veins by Phlebo|tomy, may infect the ma&s;s of Bloud, there &s;eems no room for Phlebotomy. Be&s;ides, &s;ince in this chronical Di&s;ea&s;e &s;trength decays much, and the Body is often brought to a con&s;umption, it appears, it ought not to be farther wa&s;ted by Bleeding, and be deprived of its Aliment. Yet it is thus determi|ned, that if this Flux be not &s;olitary and pure, but be mixt with a little bloud, and look red, then bloud may be let: As al&s;o if there be any great heat in the Liver, or acrimony of the bilious juice joined with this Flux. But in other ca&s;es, e&s;peci|ally when the ca&s;e is grown inveterate, it is better to ab&s;tain from Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. A Woman of forty had been long troubled with the Whites; after many Medicines tried in vain, &s;he was perfectly cured with taking a laxative Pti&s;an every day for a month; The Compo&s;ition was this; Take of clean&s;ed <HI>Senna</HI> 1 drachm, Corian|der-&s;eed prepared and &s;craped Liquorice each 1 drachm and an half, Spring-water wherein three drachms of Tamarinds and 1 drachm of Ma&s;tich|wood have been boiled, one gla&s;s. Infu&s;e them cold for one night, and let her take the colature two hours in the morning before &s;he eat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. There is no &s;mall difficulty to tell, whether Diureticks be proper? for they do not onely pro|voke urine, but the <HI>men&s;trua</HI> by heating and attenu|ating the humours contained in the Veins. Yet they are approved by all Authours, and by <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, who u&s;ed them in <HI>Bo&euml;thius</HI> his Wife. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e Diureticks provoke urine prima|rily, and the <HI>men&s;es</HI> &s;econdarily and as it were by ac|cident: then, the Kidneys draw the &s;erous matter continually, the Womb onely receives it. Where|fore it is likely, that the greate&s;t part of the&s;e hu|mours will go to the urinary pa&s;&s;ages.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. There are &s;ome that maintain, all manner of Womens Whites may be cured by diuretick Medi|cines; but they are in a manife&s;t errour. The cau|&s;es mu&s;t be di&s;tingui&s;hed, and according to the vari|ous nature of them, different methods of cure mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on. This Di&s;ea&s;e comes &s;ometimes from the fault of the whole body, and &s;ometimes of the womb. When the whole body is full of an ill ha|bit or cacochymie, or the Liver is ob&s;tructed, or the Spleen or Stomach is weak, or the Head &s;up|plies excrements, then the womb may be thus trou|bled. We mu&s;t con&s;ider, what humours abound, hot or cold, and how they are affected. For it &s;hews they are hot, when this excrement is &s;harp and &s;calding, &s;o as it eats whatever part it touches, and &s;ometimes cau&s;es itching and Ulcers, or chaps with a &s;en&s;e of heat, be&s;ides, when it is &s;tinking and yellow. It will doe well to con&s;ider here the temperament natural and acqui&s;ititious, the prece|ding cau&s;es, the habit of the body, and &s;ea&s;on of the year. Contrary &s;igns will indicate contrary hu|mours. When therefore the flux in the womb comes from the&s;e cau&s;es, when hot and bilious hu|mours abound, I mo&s;t &s;u&s;pect this method of cure by Diureticks: For who can think that a hot Di&s;|ea&s;e can be removed by very hot and drying Medi|cines? for &s;uppo&s;e, that evacuation made by Diu|reticks may doe &s;ome good, certainly greater da|mage will en&s;ue from increa&s;e of the quality. In|deed it is my cu&s;tome to reduce &s;uch bodies to a good &s;tate, Univer&s;als premi&s;ed, with a Pti&s;an well prepared, adding the greater cold Seeds: And, I do profe&s;s, I have often cured with A&s;&s;es and Goats milk uterine fluxes, that have been gi|ven over by other Phy&s;icians, in thin bodies, with &s;harp humours. This is my peculiar method; The fir&s;t four days I give a quart of Milk, that the whole Body may be well purged, and 10 two quarts for fifteen days, but boiled; and the days following to forty one (in which time I generally found they were cured) I give Milk chalybeate. A mo&s;t certain and rare Remedy. But if the hu|mours be cold, and there be ob&s;tructions in the Bowels, if there be a cold intemperature of the whole, or of the principal parts, who will deny Diureticks given according to art? Does any one doubt, but they have a deob&s;truent, heating, cut|ting and clean&s;ing faculty?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. Mul. ver&s;.</HI> 116. among divers &s;orts of Uterine fluxes, propounds the yel|low flux, in which what is voided is like a rotten Egg, when the white and yelk are mixt together, from a mixture of which a yellow colour ari&s;es, which indicates vitelline Bile. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> cures this Flux thus: Fir&s;t, he purges upwards with Helle|bore, and then downwards, that the whole body may be rid of the Cacochymie. Secondly, he or|ders a moi&s;tning and temperate Diet, which may cool and qualifie the hot and &s;harp humours: Then he gives a&s;tringent Medicines, which may &s;top the flux, and he changes the Diet into a con|trary cour&s;e. If the Di&s;ea&s;e do not give way to the&s;e things, he returns to the former Diet, which he orders to be continued &s;o long, till the acri|mony of the humours abate, which the heating of he Ulcers, the abating of the Inflammation, and what is voided, will &s;hew: for then he fini&s;hes the Cure by Ex&s;iccants and A&s;tringents. Let the Moderns con&s;ider this method of cure, who go the
<PB N="245" REF="128"> contrary way to work; for they order a drying Diet fir&s;t, and give a decoction of the &s;ame faculty to drink: And after they have by this their way of Cure brought the &s;harp, fretting humours to the height of acrimony, they betake them to a contrary method, and turn their whole intenti|on to cooling and moi&s;tning: For they do not ob|&s;erve, that by giving Medicines in the beginning which are actually moi&s;t and potentially dry, they commit a double errour, becau&s;e they increa&s;e the humours by actual humidity, which &s;hould rather be dimini&s;hed by evacuations; and by the drying and hot quality, the hot and &s;harp quality of the &s;ame humours is intended, and the hot intempera|ture of the Bowels, if there be any, is increa&s;ed, and by this means they give a&s;&s;i&s;tence to the Di&s;|ea&s;e and its Cau&s;e. And when as afterwards they betake them&s;elves to coolers and moi&s;tners, they commit other two faults; for by coolers they clog the body full of &s;harp humours, and by moi&s;tners, they di&s;&s;olve the humours, which had formerly been dried by the preceding ex&s;iccation;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. in cit. loc.</NOTE> whereby they make the Patient every day wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A&s;tringents mu&s;t-never be u&s;ed, till the antecedent matter be well evacuated and derived, otherwi&s;e tho&s;e humours retained run to the more noble parts, and cau&s;e grievous &s;ymptoms: As <HI>Ga|len</HI> writes it befell <HI>Bo&euml;thius</HI> his Wife, who&s;e Belly &s;welled with the prepo&s;terous u&s;e of A&s;tringents, the &s;erous humours being retained, which u&s;ed be|fore to be evacuated. This al&s;o mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that while we u&s;e A&s;tringents, the antecedent mat|ter may be diverted another way, and the bree|ding of it hindred.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. They do not advi&s;e ill who in the Whites order I&s;&s;ues in the Hips and in the in&s;ide of the Legs; for &s;o they affirm the Whites are amended, while the &s;erous matter is averted to the crural Veins: They are good, e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterate. From <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 56. it is evident, that among the cau&s;es which hinder monthly pur|gation, this is not the lea&s;t, when the humours in|cline &s;ome other way than to the womb: like as he &s;aid, that &s;ome excretions, whether natural, or made by Art, as Ulcers, do make revul&s;ion of and derive the bloud from the womb, and tran&s;|fer it to other parts. The &s;ame judgment may be given of vitious humours falling upon the womb. Do not we al&s;o know from <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> that making much water in the night &s;ignifies that one goes but little to &s;tool?<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Qu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius,</HI> de Quae&s;itis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. I have ob&s;erved, in Women that were never before troubled with the Whites, they have fol|lowed the taking of a Purge, when Nature by ta|king one has been excited to other excretions: and that many Women, when they have been ba|thing, have contracted this Di&s;ea&s;e, not by Con|tagion, but becau&s;e by the con&s;tant u&s;e of the Bath, as Nature di&s;charges the excrements by Sweat, &s;o al&s;o the &s;ame by this excretion expells e&s;pecially what is too thick to be carried off by Sweat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. The Arteries of the No&s;e, and partly al&s;o the Veins, di&s;charge their excrementitious humi|dities, into the &s;pongy parts about the No&s;e and Jaws: for the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are divaricated in the fle&s;h of the No&s;trils and Jaws, like Spiders-webs, and &s;weat out a kind of dew, ju&s;t as water &s;weats through earthen ware before it is glazed. But how comes it to pa&s;s, that many void little or nothing at the No&s;e? I an&s;wer, that very few are found, who are of &s;o happy a temper, as to be void of excre|ments. This Drine&s;s of the No&s;e and Palate is not &s;o much a &s;ign of a temperate Brain, as of a tempe|rament <HI>ad ju&s;titiam.</HI> But they that have a foul bloud, and are de&s;titute of this evacuation by No&s;e and Pa|late, are not &s;o without damage, but are liable to many inconveniences. <HI>Francis,</HI> King of <HI>France,</HI> had a dry No&s;e, but had Ulcers in his Ears. I have known Dames who have been deprived of this ac|ceptable benefit of the Arteries carrying Phlegm to the No&s;e, and they have been continually troubled with the Whites.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ifince<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Some corroboration and ex&s;iccation mu&s;t be u&s;ed to the womb at la&s;t; for although in the Whites it be not hurt in it &s;elf, yet in pro|gre&s;s of time it contracts &s;o much harm that the Whites come with the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Forti.</NOTE> and can &s;carce be di|&s;tingui&s;hed from them.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. If the Whites be malignant, and the &s;harp humour exulcerate, be of an ill colour and dange|rous, &s;ometimes it proceeds from a virulent, ex|ternal and contagious cau&s;e. And therefore Women mu&s;t be prudently interrogated about the matter, that they may acknowledge the Di&s;ea&s;e, and not impo&s;e on the Phy&s;ician under a pretence of the or|dinary flux, to their own damage indeed; unle&s;s they acknowledge their fault, or lay it upon the Husband, whom we &s;hould rather blame, if there be &s;ome &s;mall &s;u&s;picion, than blemi&s;h the Woman's Cha&s;tity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Twelve Citrull-&s;eeds eaten every morning, and then a draught after them,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">y&s;e Bour|geni.</NOTE> is a good Medicine for the Whites.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Fume of a Decoction of Shells of Pine|nuts in Vinegar, wherein burnt Marca&s;ites are of|ten quenched, is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. This is daily experienced; A drachm of green <HI>Filipendula</HI> root given in Black-wine. &para; A Woman cured &s;everal in this manner; Take brui&s;ed Clary, let it putrefie in Butter; then boil it a little, and keep it. With this Ointment &s;he anointed the Wo|man's belly from the navel to the <HI>pubes,</HI> putting &s;ome of it into the <HI>vulva,</HI> and &s;he ate &s;ome of the Herb. &para; The A&s;hes of Kernels of Wall-nuts with Wine injected into the womb, &s;tops this flux won|derfully. &para; They &s;ay this is a Secret; A Fume of Sage &s;tops immoderate <HI>men&s;es</HI> and all Womens fluxes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. Corbaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Tincture of Corals, taken inwardly, is of great virtue, and <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> if 4 or 6 grains be taken in Plantain-water. &para; Ma&s;tick-wood-wine, made by infu&s;ion and gentle ebullition, is a &s;ingu|lar Remedy for the Whites, drank at meals for &s;e|veral days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. This is a very good Powder, wherewith ma|ny Noble Women have been cured; Take of the Jaws of a Pike, a Capon's head dryed in an Oven, each half an ounce; Date-&s;tones 2 drachms, Cori|ander-&s;eed prepared, Ani&s;eed to&s;ted, each 1 drachm. Root of Water-lily, half a drachm. Sugar of Ro&s;es, 4 ounces. Make a Powder. Take &s;ome of it in Red-wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. To di&s;cu&s;s the reliques, and dry an oedema|tous body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frambe&s;ari|us.</NOTE> nothing is better than a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> drunk every day in the morning.</P>
<P N="7">7. I have cured inveterate Whites with a Decoc|tion of 4 or 6 ounces of Oak-leaves, with a drachm of Hares-rennet, taken for 8 or 10 days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. The di&s;tilled Oil of <HI>Daucus creticus</HI> anointed on the <HI>vulva,</HI> after bathing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Turnheu&s;e|rus.</NOTE> wonderfully cures the Whites, and heats it again.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="246" REF="129">
<HEAD><HI>Fractura,</HI> or, Fractures. (<HI>Of</HI> Fractures of the Skull, <HI>See</HI> Book <HI>III.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The loo&s;ing of the Bandage mu&s;t not be too late. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Barks of Trees mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in&s;tead of <HI>Ferulae. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In them and in Luxations over drying things doe hurt. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Empla&s;trum Oxycroceum</HI> not always &s;afe. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The taking of vi&s;cid Aliments for breeding a <HI>Callus</HI> is hurt|full. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Stone <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> mu&s;t be prudently given. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The choice of that Stone. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Bones are long in knitting in Women with Child. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a <HI>Callus</HI> is confirmed, it cannot be broke. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The knitting of the broken whirlebone in the Knee. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Broken Legs mu&s;t be kept in a convenient Po&s;ture. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Pla&s;ters mu&s;t not be too tenacious. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor the Bandage over &s;trait. <HI>XIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Have &s;een many accidents from over-late loo&s;ing of the Bandage. One in Summer time broke his Arm in the Cubit: The Fracture being loo&s;ed, and the Pla&s;ter taken off, they found the Arm not onely ulcerated in three places, but &s;o &s;tinking, that there were Maggots, &s;uch as are in putrid fle&s;h. The Bandage was taken off the thirteenth day. A decrepit Man broke his Leg a little above the Anckle by a fall from an Hor&s;e. The fifth day, when the Fracture was unbound, ma|ny livid Pu&s;tules, threatning a Gangrene, were ob|&s;erved. A Countrey Man had broke his Foot &s;o, that it &s;eparated in the Joint, and was wonderfully contracted; the Bandage and Medicines, through the negligence of them to whom it was committed, not being changed, an Inflammation and Stench a|ri&s;ing, the poor Man died. I al&s;o, when I had not been &s;o carefull as I &s;hould in loo&s;ing a certain No|ble-man's Fracture, and had not changed the Medi|cine from the fourteenth till the one and twentieth day, &s;o great a <HI>Callus</HI> was bred, that a great defor|mity in the Leg had followed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 91.</NOTE> had I not pre&s;ent|ly repre&s;&s;ed the <HI>Callus.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. I di&s;approve of Barks of Trees, made u&s;e of now in&s;tead of <HI>Ferulae</HI> in Fractures of Bones. The Lord <HI>N.</HI> had a Fracture with a Wound in his Leg by a Fall from his Hor&s;e: While I was &s;etting of his Leg, at the per&s;ua&s;ion or command of the Patient, in&s;tead of <HI>ferulae</HI> I applied Green-willow-bark. When the Swathes were loo&s;ed, there appea|red an impre&s;&s;ion in the mu&s;culous part, not far from the Ham, which impo&s;ed on an Emperick, as if there had been another Fracture. I, knowing the Impre&s;&s;ion and Pitting was occa&s;ioned by the Bark, anointed all the Leg and Thigh with Oil of Ro&s;es and Myrtles adding a few drops of Vinegar of Ro|&s;es for Penetration &s;ake, that the humours which were fallen down might be repelled; I rolled al&s;o the Leg from the Foot to the Knee with a roller wet in an a&s;tringent Decoction. When the rollers were unbound, the next day no inequality, nor any depre&s;&s;ion appeared. From that time I would never apply Bark of Trees, e&s;pecially green, in|&s;tead of <HI>ferulae,</HI> for when they dry, they &s;hrink a|bout the Fracture,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. rent <HI>4.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>98.</HI></NOTE> and &s;ometimes put the Bones out of their place.</P>
<P N="3">III. One had the Whirle-bone of his Knee bro|ken a thwart, &s;o that the parts of it wore drawn upwards and downwards by the Tendons. When the Chirurgeon thought it had been well cured, the Patient no &s;ooner &s;tood up, and began to walk, but it parted again into two pieces. For in Luxations and Fractures I have &s;een Ligaments made &s;horter, and Tendons contracted, &s;o that the motion has &s;e|veral ways been hurt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Vulgar Chirurgeons in Fractures, without di&s;tinction, do at the very beginning, or within a few days u&s;ually apply <HI>Empla&s;trum Oxycroceum</HI> to the Fracture, which &s;ometimes is done not without great hazzard. A young Man, having broke his Leg, fell into the hands of a Barber-chirurgeon; he, having &s;et the Bone, at the fir&s;t dre&s;&s;ing applied a Pla&s;ter of Bole Armenick, Barley-flower and the White of an Egg; when he had opened the Leg, the third day, he applied <HI>Oxycroceum:</HI> The &s;ame day it itched, and then grew very painfull. When I was called, &s;ome days after, I found the Leg inflamed, full of livid &s;pots, and &s;ome infected with a Gan|grene. The u&s;e therefore of &s;uch a Pla&s;ter is dan|gerous, e&s;pecially in the beginning of Fractures and Di&s;locations; and &s;o much more dangerous by how much more cholerick, hot and full of Cacochymie the body is. Hereby the part affected is heated, and the humours are drawn to it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 99.</NOTE> Therefore it might very well be called <HI>Diabolicum</HI> by <HI>Vigo, l.</HI> 8. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</P>
<P N="5">V. I knew a Man forty years old, of a good com|plexion, to whom for a Fracture of his left Leg a Diet was pre&s;cribed of vi&s;cous things, as feet, heads and tripes of Cows, Sheep, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Frac|ture indeed was cured in forty days, but by de|grees he fell into a Cachexy; then he had a Jaundice and pains in his Kidneys and other parts, till at la&s;t he died of a Drop&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>1.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>92.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. It is certain, that the Stone <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> is endu|ed with a &s;ingular virtue of breeding <HI>Callus:</HI> Where|fore I dare give it to all People in Fractures. But we mu&s;t be carefull, how we u&s;e it in old Men, or extenuated per&s;ons, or &s;uch as have their innate heat but weak. A Nobleman, fourteen years of Age, who was lu&s;ty and &s;anguine, had both the Bones broken at the Ankle: I &s;et the Fracture very well, I gave <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> inward and applied it out|wardly, the third, &s;eventh, eleventh and fourteenth day; when I opened it, no excre&s;cence or defor|mity of a <HI>Callus</HI> appeared, but on the twentieth, when I opened it, I found a <HI>Callus,</HI> e&s;pecially up|on the ridge of the <HI>Tibia,</HI> &s;o great and high, that a perpetual deformity had followed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>1.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>90.</HI></NOTE> had I not im|mediately left off the u&s;e of <HI>O&s;teocolla.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. That which is found out of the Earth is of no worth, but that which is found in the bowels of the Earth is very good; though, whether you look on the colour or &s;hape, you will &s;carce find any difference: And therefore many that are &s;old a|bout, though they be not adulterated, yet they are of no virtue. As &s;oon as it is digged up, it is &s;ofter, friable, and of a brown colour when it has been expo&s;ed onely a day or two to the Air,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>3.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>90.</HI></NOTE> it grows hard and white by degrees.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Woman thirty years old, &s;even months gone with Child, had her Leg broke in the middle by a Kick of a Hor&s;e. The Fracture was well &s;et, but we had much difficulty to breed a <HI>Callus,</HI> &s;o that in twenty three weeks the Bones were not firm. We gave her <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> inwardly (a thing &s;o famous for broken Bones) and applied it to the Fracture, but to no purpo&s;e; at length between the three and twentieth and the thirtieth week a <HI>Callus</HI> was bred, and the Fracture was knit. The rea|&s;on why <HI>Callus</HI> breeds &s;o &s;lowly is, in my opinion, the Child, which draws to its nouri&s;hment what &s;hould go to the breeding of <HI>Callus.</HI> Be&s;ides, the innate heat being deficient in the part affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>5.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>87.</HI></NOTE> Nature was not able to bring <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> and other Medicines out of power into act.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Some fooli&s;hly advi&s;e, that Fractures which were not well &s;et, and are already knit with a <HI>Cal|lus,</HI> &s;hould be broken again, where the <HI>Callus</HI> is, it being fir&s;t mollified with Fomentations and Laxa|tives. But if &s;ome &s;pace of time has pa&s;t, and if it be confirmed and grown hard, the Bone near the <HI>Callus</HI> will break &s;ooner than the <HI>Callus</HI> it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Knee-pan broken or di&s;placed brings no &s;mall inconvenience, without the Fa&s;tne&s;s whereof,
<PB N="247" REF="129"> the Knee flies out, like a door when the hinges are broken. At lea&s;t the Knee-pan &s;erves in|&s;tead of a &s;tay, to help one in going up-hill, or down-hill; of which <HI>N.</HI> complained, being hurt by a fall, wherein he broke his Knee-pan, and when in &s;everal Months it would not knit, and he came to me for help, I told him there was no other way, but to open the Skin, and rub the edges of the broken pieces of bone, and then to bind them up fa&s;t, to knit, and let them be kept bound a &s;ufficient time. Which way of cure I found &s;ucce&s;sfull in <HI>N.</HI> who&s;e cheeck-bone had been broken by a &s;hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> and had grown on a lump.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some Chirurgeons commit no &s;mall errour in curing broken Legs, when they will have a Man keep his Leg upright on his Heel, where|by, in proce&s;s of time, more pain is felt in the Heel, than in the fracture it &s;elf, and that be|cau&s;e of great and nervous tendons, which are in&s;erted in the Heel: And this pain draws much humours to it, which are retained in the joint, and among the broken bones and ligaments of the foot. And becau&s;e by this &s;ite the Veins and Arteries are compre&s;&s;ed, and therefore the part affected, is, in &s;ome mea&s;ure deprived of its heat, the&s;e humours mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be conden&s;ed, and grow cool in the joint, and &s;pa|ces between the bones of the Feet. Therefore, when the fracture is cured, the Foot is affected with a new trouble; for the joint can &s;carce be &s;tirred without much difficulty, and &s;ometimes other very bad Symptoms do follow. When therefore the Leg is rolled up with Rollers, <HI>Sple|nia</HI> and Stupes, and placed in a <HI>Cap&s;ula,</HI> or Ca&s;e, fit for the purpo&s;e, &s;uch a po&s;ture mu&s;t be cho|&s;en, as is lea&s;t painfull. Wherefore the Leg mu&s;t be laid &s;ometimes this way, &s;ometimes that, &s;o that the Patient may lay him&s;elf &s;ometimes on one &s;ide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 93.</NOTE> &s;ometimes on the other: For &s;o, many ac|cidents will be avoided.</P>
<P N="12">XII. We mu&s;t have a care in the u&s;e of Pla|&s;ters again&s;t a Fracture, that they be not &s;o te|nacious and &s;ticking altogether in Children, and Women, as in others. Certainly, upon this &s;core, <HI>Empla&s;trum contra Fracturam Wirtzii,</HI> of Root of Mea|dow-&s;weet is very commendable.</P>
<P N="13"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE>XIII. But we mu&s;t have a care in the&s;e very &s;trong things, le&s;t they, or bandage upon them, &s;hould gird the limb too &s;trait, and &s;o bring an univer&s;al Gangrene, as I have often ob&s;erved. Therefore carefull Chirurgeons advi&s;e, the leav|ing &s;ome room free in binding of the&s;e fractures; the rea&s;on is, that the Ve&s;&s;els, Veins and Arte|ries, which could not chu&s;e but be wre&s;ted in the contu&s;ion, may not be &s;traitned together, and hereby the way being &s;topt to the Bloud and Spirits,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> be forced to con&s;pire to the de&s;truction of the part.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of Root of Comfrey, Leaves of Flixweed, brui&s;e them and boil them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paracel&s;us.</NOTE> Apply them, they cure any fracture.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE>2. I do &s;olemnly prote&s;t, that Meadow-&s;weet mixt in Pla&s;ters has wrought admirable effects in a fracture of the Arm, which was almo&s;t incura|ble.</P>
<P N="3">3. For breeding a <HI>Callus</HI> many do commend the Stone <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> in powder, a drachm whereof is often given in Comfrey water:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> But it is better in grown than in young people, becau&s;e in the&s;e it increa&s;es <HI>Callus</HI> too much.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Fulmen,</HI> or Thunder.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure of one that is Thunder-&s;truck. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If there be a fracture of the bones, What mu&s;t be done? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the E&s;char may be removed? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN <HI>June, Anno</HI> 1671. A Maid 15 years old was &s;truck down with Thunder in the hou&s;e, as it were &s;tonied, they in the hou&s;e treated her as if &s;he had been dead. She was laid upon a bed and &s;tript, and fir&s;t of all, all one Brea&s;t was red, intermixt with &s;ome black|ne&s;s, as if &s;he had been burnt with Gunpowder. Under her brea&s;t there were browni&s;h &s;treaks point|ing tran&s;ver&s;e her Belly to the <HI>Pubes,</HI> which was de|prived of hair, and excoriated; and there were &s;ome &s;treaks on her left thigh. There was at hand &s;ome Apoplectick water, two &s;poonfulls whereof I poured into her, upon which &s;he pre&s;ently came to her &s;elf, and an&s;wered well to what was asked her. She complained of a great heat in her Throat, and of a pain in the part that was hurt. Half a drachm of <HI>Pulvis Bezoarticus Anglicus</HI> was pre&s;ently gi|ven her in Chervil-water; after which &s;he &s;weat well, and the heat in her Throat abated. Then an Ointment of Cream and White-lead was applied to the hurt place, whereby &s;he found much ea&s;e: But becau&s;e &s;he continued &s;omething feveri&s;h, eight ounces of an Emul&s;ion was given her, made of Seeds of White-popy, Columbine, Millet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab Herman|nus, <HI>mi&s;. cur. an.</HI> 72. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 182.</NOTE> and <HI>Carduus Bene|dictus,</HI> with 2 drachms of <HI>Pulvis Bezoarticus Anglicus,</HI> af|ter which &s;he was well, and the Fever cea&s;ed. The Cuticle was re&s;tored to the excoriated Brea&s;t by my <HI>Empla&s;trum Dia-&s;aturni.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. If any bones be broke, the vulgar a&s;tringent Catapla&s;ms mu&s;t not be u&s;ed, le&s;t the evaporation of the venome be hindred, but another of Bean-flower, Lupines, Root of <HI>Angelica,</HI> Swallow-wort, Leaves of Rue, <HI>Scordium,</HI> Treacle; and it mu&s;t be renewed every day, till the &s;trength of the venome be conquered and di&s;&s;ipated. But a defen&s;ative mu&s;t be applied above the place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> le&s;t the veno|mous vapours a&s;cend by the Ve&s;&s;els to the Heart.</P>
<P N="3">III. If an E&s;char be made, it mu&s;t be timely ta|ken off with a Pen-knife, and &s;uch an Unguent ap|plied; Take of powder of the Root of Swallow-wort, <HI>Angelica,</HI> each half an ounce, Leaves of Rue, <HI>Scordium,</HI> each 1 drachm, Treacle 2 drachms, Spirit of Treacle 3 drachms, Honey of Ro&s;es 2 drachms. Mix them. When the Ulcer is clean&s;ed, this Sar|cotick powder mu&s;t be &s;trowed on it; Take of Root of <HI>Angelica,</HI> Swallow-wort, each 1 ounce, Myrrhe, Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, Leaves of <HI>Scordi|um,</HI> each half an ounce, <HI>Aloe Socotrina</HI> 2 drachms; make a Powder, which mu&s;t be wet with juice of true Tabacco and Sanicle. Make <HI>Trochius.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="7" TYPE="book">
<PB N="248" REF="130">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK VII. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> G.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Gangraena, Sphacelus,</HI> or, Gangrene, Mortification.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Defen&s;atives are not proper in every one. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The prevention of one imminent, according to <HI>Hippocrates. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly applied to parts, where it is im|minent. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oily and fat things &s;u&s;pected. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ar&s;enick is not proper. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Actual Cautery, though &s;afer than a Potential one, cannot always be u&s;ed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it ari&s;es from an internal cau&s;e, it &s;carce admits of a Cure. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one imminent from a Puncture. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of one bred of a malignant Inflammation. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is no curing of a Gangrene after a Fever. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The taking away of a Gangrene by Cau&s;ticks. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mortified places require not onely the taking away of the skin, but of the fle&s;h al&s;o. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the &s;trength will not bear Amputation, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Leg mu&s;t be cut off near the Knee. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not be too ha&s;ty in Amputation. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it is u&s;ele&s;s. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be made in a Joint? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> a Knife, and <HI>Botallus</HI> his way, not to be allowed of. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it mu&s;t be made in the dead or live part? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Body mu&s;t be fir&s;t prepared. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Narcoticks may be given? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After the operation, the Patient mu&s;t be carefully looked after. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Haemorrhagy following may be &s;topt? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ndage on the upper part, when Amputation is made, mu&s;t be removed. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The part mu&s;t not be wrapt up too warm. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How ab&s;ci&s;&s;ion of the middle and ring finger may be performed? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about cutting off a hand, affected with a Cancer, not ulcerous. <HI>XXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN a Gangrene from afflux of bloud and humours, as long as the fluxion con|tinues, Defen&s;atives are good. When it cea&s;es, they may be omitted, that the innate heat may reach to the part affected. But if any beginning of cor|ruption &s;hew it &s;elf, we mu&s;t proceed in the u&s;e of them, that the way may be &s;topt to Vapours, that are rai&s;ed from putrefaction, and which go to the noble parts. In a Gangrene bred of a cold and moi&s;t intemperature, where no fluxion is, they are not proper, unle&s;s a mortification be at hand, to &s;top the Vapours. A Gangrene that is the product of a dry intemperature, and want of aliment, plainly excludes Defen&s;atives; for they, by their a&s;tricti|on, &s;traiten and &s;top the ways of the Spirits and of Nutrition. But if a mortification be at hand, they &s;hould not be rejected, that the coming of Vapours to the principal parts may be prevented. However, if it owe its original to a malignant matter bred in the body, and driven outwards, there is no room for them.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Whatever parts are taken with a</HI> Sphacelus, <HI>we mu&s;t intercept the Vein, exulcerate and heal,</HI> Hipp. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 5. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>Epid.</HI> That is, It can no otherwi&s;e be cured, than by intercepting a Vein and exulcerating a part. And he &s;ays, a Vein is intercepted, when that or tho&s;e Veins, which carry bloud to the gangrened part, are cut off in their way by cutting, burning or tying. By exulcerating he means deep &s;carifi|cation of the part. Therefore, when &s;igns of a Gan|grene begin to appear in a part, we mu&s;t quickly
<PB N="249" REF="130"> make provi&s;ion for the whole; and if any Vein &s;eem &s;welled and black, it mu&s;t be intercepted with a Cautery; and we mu&s;t ulcerate the parts, that are then dying, with deep &s;carifications, or burn them; or partly exulcerate them, and apply eating Medicines to them, and partly burn them: But any thing le&s;s than the&s;e is u&s;ele&s;s in this Di&s;|ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">m. in locum.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Narcoticks mu&s;t not be applied, except in a little quantity and &s;omething corrected with hot things, to parts that are indi&s;po&s;ed, &s;welled, and that are of an ill habit, or ready to gangrene, be|cau&s;e of Inci&s;ion made in them, or for any other rea&s;on, through exce&s;&s;ive pain with Inflammation: For by violating the heat, that is but weak in the part affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> they promote a Gangrene, and at length an Inflammation.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>De Vigo</HI> adds Oil of Ro&s;es, Chamaemil and Spike to Pla&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> But oily and fat things doe harm, by ob&s;tructing the Pores and hindring Per&s;piration. &para; Ab&s;tain from Dige&s;tives, that <HI>Pus</HI> and Putrefacti|on may be re&s;i&s;ted; though <HI>Hildanus</HI> u&s;es his dige|&s;tive Ointment, made with Oil of Ro&s;es, in a Gan|grene &s;peedily &s;preading all over the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hoeferus,</HI> Herc. Med.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Ar&s;enick neither alone in Powder, as <HI>Fallopius</HI> teaches, nor mixt with <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum,</HI> can &s;afely be applied in a Gangrene: For <HI>Galen</HI> reckons it among things &s;eptick, and &s;uch as have a bur|ning faculty. Hear what <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, <Q>It is a putrefactive Medicine, who&s;e property it is, to corrupt the complexion of the &s;pirit, which comes to the part, and the complexion of the moi&s;ture of that part with re&s;olution, &s;o as they are not proper to a&s;&s;imilate to the part. Indeed it proceeds not &s;o far, as to burn it, and cor|rode and wa&s;te its moi&s;ture; but it leaves a cor|rupt moi&s;ture in it, in which it acts contrary to the natural moi&s;ture, wherefore it putrefies. And this is an in&s;tance for Ar&s;enick</Q>. Now be|cau&s;e a Gangrene is the beginning of Putrefaction, in the heat and moi&s;ture, things that act by &s;uch a quality, cannot be a Remedy. But if we mu&s;t come to potential Cauteries, u&s;e &s;uch as are made of a &s;trong <HI>Lixivium</HI> of Vine-a&s;hes, and quick Lime. The&s;e ruptorie Medicines operate &s;afely and quickly, and with little pain, &s;carce continuing for an hour: On the contrary, Ar&s;enick torments a Man twenty four hours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hild.</HI> de Gangrena.</NOTE> yea, two days, with mo&s;t grievous Symptoms.</P>
<P N="6">VI. An actual Cautery, that is, a red hot Iron, is preferred in dignity to a potential one: 1. Be|cau&s;e the action of the Fire is &s;imple, void of all ali|ene quality, leaving onely an <HI>Empyreuma</HI> behind: In a potential one, e&s;pecially in Ar&s;enick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> there is a malignant quality. 2. The action of Fire is de|termined: but not of a potential Cautery. 3. Be|cau&s;e of the efficacy of the Fire, it operates in a moment: A potential one &s;lowly, wherefore in a Gangrene, which is an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, it is not pro|per. 4. In a Gangrene there is plenty of excre|mentitious humours, requiring a Medicine hot in the highe&s;t degree, &s;uch as a red hot Iron: But Ar&s;enick, though it be hot, leaves a corruptive humidity after it, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays. 5. The part la|bouring of a Gangrene, being weak and lax, re|quires a Strengthner and Dryer, wherein an actu|al Cautery excells. But not a potential one. 6. The operation of a potential one is &s;low and painfull, hence comes an afflux of humours: The pain cau|&s;ed by an actual one is momentany. It is condem|ned by <HI>Virtzius,</HI> for this onely rea&s;on, becau&s;e the Nerves are hurt and contracted by an actual Caute|ry: But an experienced Chirurgeon will not com|mit &s;uch an errour, who knows the difference be|tween Nerves, Veins and Arteries: for the&s;e lye near the Skin, the Nerves lye deep. But though there were danger of &s;ome contraction, yet this &s;hould be preferred before certain Death. Yet in bilious Inflammations, which are hot and dry by nature we mu&s;t u&s;e an actual Cautery carefully, and never but on urgent occa&s;ions, for by an actual Cau|tery they are made more dry, and grow more ma|lignant: But if Putrefaction come to &s;uch a height, and if the plenty of humours be drawn by the violence of the Pain, actual Cauteries may be made u&s;e of. They are condemned al&s;o in a Gan|grene, from an hot intemperature without fluxion, and in one that comes from drine&s;s and want of A|liment; for great extenuation and drine&s;s admits not of a drying Medicine, nor mu&s;t it be u&s;ed, unle&s;s Amputation of the Limb be nece&s;&s;ary.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Gangrenes, produced by an outward In|flammation or Refrigeration, are far more ea&s;ily extingui&s;hed and cured, than when &s;ome venom bred in the body has been the &s;pontaneous cau&s;e of them: For in the&s;e the humour never lies &s;o much on the out parts either of it &s;elf, or forced thither by the &s;trength of Nature, but it always leaves &s;ome root and infection of its malignity in the Ve&s;|&s;els. The Knife will doe little good in them; for although after Amputation you &s;trive to extingui&s;h the reliques of the venom with Alexipharmacks, yet perhaps you may doe it to no purpo&s;e; becau&s;e there is &s;uch a kind and individual propriety of ve|nom latent in the&s;e ca&s;es. I think Fire ought to be preferred before the Knife in &s;uch a ca&s;e. Yet if it happen, that the venomous matter be driven out by a &s;trong Nature to any particular part, in this ca&s;e Amputation is a &s;afe Remedy. A thing, which I once ob&s;erved at <HI>Newenburgh,</HI> in a young Maid, who, upon the coming out of the Small Pox, being &s;ent by her hard-hearted Mi&s;tre&s;s to gather &s;omething in a Vineyard, in a cold &s;ea&s;on, her little finger of her right hand was gangrened the &s;ame day, and happily cut off, without any Symptome &s;upervening. The event was far different, <HI>An.</HI> 1675. in the month of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> in a Boy eight years old, the Son of a Gar|ri&s;on Souldier, who being ill cured of the Small-pox, the venomous matter fell upon his Mouth, that is, his Tongue, Jaw and left Cheek; and a Mortification ari&s;ing, his Teeth on that &s;ide fell out, and he died the fourth day.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. As a Bridegroom and Bride were playing one with the other, &s;he threw a Handkerchief with a Pin in it at her Husband, who was lean, and had very broad Veins, and &s;he hit him &s;o, that the Handkerchief hung by the Pin, which &s;tuck into his hand. Within a few hours not onely a great pain aro&s;e, but his left hand was &s;o much &s;welled, that the next day he went to a Chirurgeon, who being affrighted at the violence of the dangerous and un|u&s;ual Symptoms, de&s;ired that he might have me for his Advi&s;er, and that I would join with him. I feel the Patient's hand, there was no mark of the prick of any Pin, all his hand to his very wri&s;t being &s;tiff and inflexible. I ask him, if he remembred in what part of his hand particularly he was prickt, and with his forefinger of his right hand he &s;hewed me the place or region where the third bone of the <HI>Metacarpium</HI> bears up or &s;u&s;tains the ring-finger; which being very much &s;welled, when I tried to bend or extend it, good God, how he roared! In the mean time methought I &s;aw a little mark of a Pin, like one of <HI>Democritus</HI> his Atoms, and indeed in that part of the hand where the ring-finger and the &s;aid bone of the <HI>Metacarpium</HI> are articulated; yet not in the very joint, but a little below it, whereabout the bone and its <HI>epiphy&s;is</HI> are joined to|gether. All this time there was no &s;ign of extra|va&s;ated bloud, but &s;ome di&s;colouring, livid or ra|ther a &s;trange fugacious colour. Here was need of Advice and of pre&s;ent Remedy again&s;t an evil that threatned a Gangrene. Wherefore my Advice was this, that it was not convenient in this ca&s;e to u&s;e Oil of Scorpions and &s;uch things, which &s;ome who were by did urge, but after large Bleeding (for the Patient was feveri&s;h and had large Veins) having forbid him all fat things, I ordered him a
<PB N="250" REF="131"> Decoction partly anodyne, partly di&s;cutient, part|ly gratefull to the nervous parts, made of equal parts of French-wine and Wine-vinegar, of Flow|ers of Elder, and common odoriferous Chamaemil, with equal parts of Ca&s;tor and Myrrhe, and a little Camphire, in which, being well &s;trained and &s;quee|zed out, linen Cloths were wet and wrapt warm about the hand:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>S. Pauli</HI> Digre&s;&s;. de febr. malign. &s;ect. <HI>32.</HI></NOTE> After the u&s;e of which Fomen|tation, in the night following, all the Symptoms abated; and thus was an imminent Gangrene kept off.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In malignant Inflammations and Gangrenes we mu&s;t not expect late help onely from Remedies called Univer&s;als, although the&s;e ought to go be|fore Topicks: but we mu&s;t proceed immediately to cutting, burning and the greate&s;t drying. Be&s;ides, we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether the matter be poi&s;onous, for then we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from purging, which might draw towards the Heart, unle&s;s it abound much in the body. And we mu&s;t u&s;e Bleeding, which they that are &s;o affected may endure, and Diaphoreticks, which mu&s;t al&s;o be alexipharmack, and then we mu&s;t endeavour to extirpate the Putrefaction in the part with the Knife, Fire and drying Medicines. For by this means,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI></NOTE> in time of Pe&s;tilence, many are &s;aved.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>N.</HI> about &s;eventy years old, was violently par|ched by a burning Fever, and the pe&s;tilential hu|mour of the Di&s;ea&s;e poured it &s;elf with &s;uch vio|lence into her left Arm, that in one night it was ca&s;t into an incurable <HI>Sphacelus</HI> from the &s;etting of it on at the &s;houlder to the fingers ends. Do not therefore, O Chirurgeon! incon&s;iderately cut &s;uch Arms, endeavouring either to recall the heat into the skin, or to make way for Medicines; for what is once mortified, can never be brought to life a|gain. And although the Di&s;ea&s;e may &s;ometimes &s;eem to be at a &s;tand, and to require the Pen-knife, yet the Strength being &s;pent by the malignant Fever, and the part wholly &s;poiled, do not permit either the cutting or the cutting off a Limb infected in this manner. You might indeed ha&s;ten Death, but in the mean time you can doe the Patient no good. It were better therefore circum&s;pectly to pre&s;age Death, and to prorogue it as long as you can, than to endeavour the &s;aving of Life,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 48.</NOTE> when you are not able to doe it.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some &s;carifie the dead fle&s;h near the &s;ound to the very bone, afterwards they &s;trew Powder of Ar&s;enick or Sublimate on the Wound: Or they put in <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum</HI> fortified with Ar&s;enick, that the dead part may be &s;eparated from the &s;ound. But it is well known, what dire, and oftentimes dangerous Symptoms, Ar&s;enick and Sublimate do &s;ometimes cau&s;e, and therefore not to be u&s;ed in the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e. Others burn what is corrupt with an actual Cautery till the Part feel pain: but how dangerous al&s;o this Cauterization is, <HI>Fallopius</HI> does &s;hew. Others make Amputation of what is corrupt by Section, and that either with a Razor or a Saw, or a <HI>Modiolus,</HI> or a Hatchet: But how violent and cruel this operation is, (and there|fore unbecoming a rational Chirurgeon) and how de&s;tructive to the Sick, becau&s;e of the great Symp|toms which follow it, <HI>Hildanus, de Gan. &amp; Sphacel. cap.</HI> 17. does &s;hew. In&s;tead hereof, ruptory Medi|cines, made of Vine-a&s;hes and Quick-lime, do plea&s;e me better. Butter of Antimony and Oil of Quick-lime are al&s;o as good: for they make a deep E&s;|char pre&s;ently, and almo&s;t without any pain; and becau&s;e they are endued with no malignant quali|ty, they do not at all hurt the principal parts, as Ar&s;enick does. And the&s;e mu&s;t be applied near the found part of the fle&s;h, nor is &s;carification of the fle&s;h nece&s;&s;ary, for they are &s;trong enough, and pe|netrate deep enough of them&s;elves. But when the E&s;char is made, we mu&s;t not tarry for the falling of it, by the help of Nature or Medicines, but it mu&s;t be removed or &s;eparated with a Razor,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> or &s;ome o|ther proper In&s;trument.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Some now-a-days u&s;e to treat mortified Pla|ces &s;lightly, as if they were &s;imple Gatherings or Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es; which if they prick but in one place, &s;o that the humour runs out a little, it &s;erves their turns, and they will have this prevent all dangers, &s;o that they engage, the Man will doe well. But I would have Mortifications treated with Exci&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. eff. p. <HI>112.</HI></NOTE> to the &s;ound parts, which &s;ome either neglect or do not take notice of.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. One broke both the bones of his right Leg in the middle, with a Wound, bleeding till he fain|ted, a <HI>Sphacelus</HI> &s;upervening. The mo&s;t Excellent <HI>Petrus de Marchettis,</HI> becau&s;e of his weakne&s;s through exce&s;&s;ive bleeding, would not cut it off; but by of|ten applying red hot Irons he hindred the Putre|faction from &s;preading farther; in the mean time he took care of the Heart. At length, the Patient not knowing of it, he cut the dead part with a Ra|zor, near the live part round about, which falling off, he con&s;umed the re&s;t of the Putrefaction with actual Cauteries. To remove the E&s;char he appli|ed <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum &s;implex.</HI> The Chirurgeon, on the third day after he had cut his Patient, when he was complaining of a great Pain in the great Toe of his right Foot, &s;miled upon him, and told him, he wondred he &s;hould complain of a Pain in his great Toe, that had been buried three days. At which words the Patient was &s;o terrified, that he fell into a Swoon. The E&s;char being taken away, and the Mu&s;cles, after the u&s;ual manner, retracted upwards, the broken bones &s;tood out four inches, which being every day covered with dry thread and a caragmatick Powder, were &s;eparated in two months time from the &s;ound. Hence we may gather, that if the Patient's &s;trength be &s;o low, by rea&s;on of putrid Vapours, and an antecedent Flux of bloud, that we are certain he would dye in the very Operation, then we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Cut|ting, becau&s;e it is more excu&s;able to leave the Pa|tient, than knowingly to kill him. But if there be no hope of life, unle&s;s the part be &s;eparated, it is the Chirurgeon's duty every day to touch the mor|tified part morning and evening with red hot Irons, that the putrid humours may be dried up, le&s;t the Gangrene creep upwards,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus, <HI>Tab.</HI> 54.</NOTE> and he mu&s;t give Cor|dials.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. If the Gangrene be above the Ankles, the Leg mu&s;t be taken off near the Knee, for what is left is of no u&s;e; yea, it brings much inconveni|ence to the Patient, when he mu&s;t u&s;e a wooden Leg, for the part hangs idle behind; be&s;ides, when it is cut in the tendinous part of the Mu&s;cles and fle&s;hle&s;s part of the Leg, it makes the healing far more difficult. &para; Section mu&s;t be made in the &s;ound fle&s;h, yet near the mortified,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horne.</NOTE> about an inch from it, becau&s;e we are not certain, that what is left will not multiply it &s;elf; yea, we mu&s;t not tru&s;t the bone it &s;elf, which is under the fle&s;h, that it is not corrupted in an higher place.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Yea&s;t, which is taken off Beer five or &s;ix hours after it is warm, &s;tops a Gangrene, accor|ding to the experiment of a Dutch Woman, who re&s;tored the natural colour to a Baker's Leg, which &s;hould have been cut off the next day, by apply|ing Yea&s;t on a Cloth to it, to the admiration of the Chirurgeons; and by continuing the u&s;e of it for &s;ome days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 41.</NOTE> &s;he pre&s;erved the poor Man from all danger. I &s;aw a Gangrene imminent from cold cu|red in our own Maid by Yea&s;t of &s;trong Beer. One had a Gangrene a whole night, and Amputation was re&s;olved on. An Emperick coming in, fomented the part all night till the next day in Water, where|in Lime and white Chalk had been boiled. The next morning the Gangrene appeared quite taken away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; Another Man was to have his Leg cut off for a Gangrene, after violent Pain and Inflam|mation. At the Per&s;ua&s;ion of a Country-man he covered his whole Leg in wet Sand, it was often re|newed, and the Patient was &s;o relieved, that when
<PB N="251" REF="131"> the Chirurgeons came, they found him cured. &para; One had mo&s;t grievous pains in his Leg, and it came to that pa&s;s, that the Skin grew black, &s;o that it began to be gangrened, and the Phy&s;icians were con&s;idering about cutting it off: at length a Prie&s;t came in, and bathed the whole Leg, e&s;pecially the place where it was black, with <HI>Elixir,</HI> or <HI>Aqua vitae Juliani,</HI> and &s;trewed upon it an equal part of powder of Myrrh and Aloes; and applied a Linen cloth wet in the &s;aid <HI>Elixir</HI> and powders,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander, <HI>Sect.</HI> 5. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 15.</NOTE> binding it with a broad Rowler. The Pain cea&s;ed, and in the part that was black, an Ulcer grew, out of which many pieces of bones were taken, and it was cured with the&s;e Medicines, though he drank Wine all the time of his cure. &para; A Woman, after a te|dious Di&s;ea&s;e, had a Gangrene in her Leg, which while it was yet beginning, was wholly taken away by a long fomentation with a vulnerary decoction of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Formius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 23, &amp; 24.</NOTE> <HI>Rhaponticum,</HI> Zedoary, Myrrh, Aloes and white Wine, adding to the colature <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> wherein Camphire was di&s;&s;olved.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. I have &s;een &s;ome, who&s;e whole Limbs were corrupted in a Malignant Fever, who&s;e condition was deplorable. If they were not cut, corruption quickly &s;eized the other parts:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Panarolus,</HI> Pent. ult. Ob&s;. <HI>48.</HI></NOTE> If they were cut, it was Butchery, and they died afterwards. It is better to leave &s;uch uncured.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. In this &s;ort of <HI>Aphaere&s;is</HI> we mu&s;t take care, above all things, of the place of amputation. Ma|ny of the Moderns determine, this is convenient enough in the very joint, although in common prac|tice almo&s;t every where the contrary is ob&s;erved; both for the difficulty which occurs in the very &s;ection; for the place of the conjunction of two Bones cannot &s;o readily be found;<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van. Horne.</NOTE> and becau&s;e it cicatrizes very &s;lowly, and with much difficulty.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I would advi&s;e rational and faithfull Chi|rurgeons, in cutting off Hands and Fingers not to follow them (unle&s;s upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity, as &s;hall be &s;aid hereafter,) who place the Limb on a Bench, and applying a Knife or Ax, with the blow of a Hammer chop off fle&s;h and Bones both at once. This operation is violent and cruel, unworthy of a Chi|rurgeon, and de&s;tructive to the Patient: For not onely the nervous and mu&s;culous parts are contu&s;ed and mangled above mea&s;ure in this operation, but al&s;o the Bones them&s;elves are u&s;ually cloven to the very next articulation. Hence, though Bones have no &s;en&s;e, yet by rea&s;on of the <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI> mo&s;t grie|vous pains, and other Symptoms, yea, and a new Gangrene will ari&s;e. Which things though all of them do not &s;upervene; yet the Ulcer is not brought to a Cicatrice without extreme difficulty, becau&s;e of the &s;hivering and great contrition of the bones, which remain here and there in the mu&s;culous fle&s;h, and &s;tick for a time to the <HI>Perio&s;teum:</HI> yet at length they are ca&s;t out by Nature by degrees. From the&s;e things it is manife&s;t, how inept and dangerous the way of cutting off Limbs is, which <HI>Leonardus Botallus l. de vulneribus Sclopetorum</HI> propounds. Make two wooden Columns, &s;ays he, fix them in a ponderous joint, and let them be made hollow on the in&s;ide lengthway, each of them; in the lower &s;ide fix a broad Knife firmly, with its edge upwards; and let the moveable part have a Knife fa&s;tned in it with the edge the contrary way: When a Limb is to be cut off, the upper part loaden with Lead mu&s;t be let fall from on high, or forced with a heavy blow, and it cuts off the Limb, fle&s;h and bone at once. I &s;aw an in&s;tance of ill &s;ucce&s;s in a young man, who, when his hand was &s;hattered with a Gun&s;hot, com|mitted him&s;elf to a Chirurgeon. The Chirurgeon laid his hand on a Bench, and &s;et an Ax, wherewith Countrey men cleave wood, upon the part where the hand was to be cut off. Then he commanded the head of the Ax to be &s;truck with a violent blow of a wooden Maul. The Hand indeed was cut off at one blow, and there came no grievous Symp|toms at the beginning; but it was a long time, and he was put to much pain before he was well: It was very difficult to clo&s;e the Ulcer with a Cica|trice,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildanus</HI> de Gang. &amp; Sphoc. c. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> becau&s;e of abundance of broken and &s;hatte|red bones, which created monthly troubles and new Symptoms to the Patient.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>G. Fabricius Hildanus</HI> in his mo&s;t learned tract <HI>de Gangraena &amp; Sphacelo, c.</HI> 17. endeavours to prove by many rea&s;ons and authorities, that the dead part cannot quickly, &s;afely and plea&s;antly be cut off, if any of the putrid part be left, to be wa&s;ted with red hot Irons: Yet the&s;e rea&s;ons in my judgment do not convince, that amputation of a gangrened Limb, <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s way, does never &s;ucceed well, much le&s;s do they demon&s;trate that this way of <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s is wor&s;e than that which according to the Ancients is made in the live parts, con&s;idering that amputation of a gangrened Member cannot be plea&s;antly made in a &s;ound place, whether the parts &s;ofter than the bone be cut with a Razor, or with a cauterizing Knife. Nor can it be done &s;afe|ly, becau&s;e the &s;ound and live part tied very &s;trait, may ea&s;ily dye. Yea, Section cannot be made in a &s;ound part &s;o carefully, but that &s;ometimes the parts that are deeper and farther corrupted (than the ex|ternal parts vi&s;ible to the Eye) will be left. Which if it be done, either new Section mu&s;t be made (which were horrible) or the reliques mu&s;t be burnt with red hot Irons, <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s way. Not quick|ly, becau&s;e a longer time is required to draw out the Arteries with Pliers, and tie them with thread, (and if the &s;wathes be removed, &s;ometimes &s;uch a Flux of bloud follows, that unle&s;s the re&s;t of the ve&s;&s;els be touched with an actual Cautery, it cannot be &s;topt) than to burn the wound pre&s;ently with actual Cauteries. Not to &s;ay, that the Operation is farther protracted, if after re&s;ection <HI>Hildanus</HI> and the Ancients way, any putrefaction remain, to be con&s;umed with the &s;aid Cauteries. Wherefore be|ing per&s;uaded with the&s;e Rea&s;ons, and having had good experience of it, I reckon the cutting off of a mortified part according to <HI>Padua</HI> and <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s way (which is approved by <HI>P. Salmuth. cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 80.) does not onely not come behind the old way of cutting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> but &s;hould rather be preferred before the old.</P>
<P N="20">XX. One was to have his Leg cut off, and the Chirurgeon was ready to doe his work; I di&s;&s;uaded it, becau&s;e the Body had not been prepared before. I would not be pre&s;ent at the operation, le&s;t I &s;hould have &s;eemed to have con&s;ented. Therefore I ab&s;ent my &s;elf, and they cut off the Limb, and, as they think, doe the bu&s;ine&s;s well. Some Students came to me, who were there, and tell me the ope|ration &s;ucceeded well. I bid them mark the third or fourth day. The third day in the morning the bands, through the violent force of the bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth. <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 80.</NOTE> were broken, and the ve&s;&s;els opened: And before the Chirurgeon could &s;top the bleeding, the Patient poured out his Life with his Bloud.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Some before the operation give the Patient &s;ome Narcotick, that he may be le&s;s &s;en&s;ible of the pain. But we, according to <HI>Guido</HI>'s Opinion,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildanus</HI> de Gang. c. <HI>19.</HI></NOTE> will ab&s;tain, becau&s;e of the dangers that attend Narco|ticks. &para; Some before the Amputation of a Limb, always give <HI>Philonium Per&s;icum,</HI> for fear of an haemor|rhagy; and with &s;ucce&s;s indeed, becau&s;e it is a Nar|cotick: But it is known that <HI>Philonium</HI> does good onely for one day. Therefore it &s;hould be taken every day, which would be very detrimental.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth. <HI>ibid.</HI></NOTE> But it is be&s;t, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his advice, to breathe a vein the third or fourth day.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Here I would advi&s;e young Chirurgeons, that while the Patient &s;leeps, a &s;ervant &s;hould watch with him continually, le&s;t the Patient through fal&s;e Imagi|nations, which &s;ometimes come into his head, &s;hould move his Stump, and the Bloud &s;hould bur&s;t out a|gain. Which happened to one who&s;e Arm I had cut off at the Elbow: He on the third day, in my ab&s;ence, would reach out his Arm (which he thought
<PB N="252" REF="132"> was not cut off) to take &s;omething; a vein open|ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> and a violent Haemorrhage followed, which kil|led him within a few days.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. After amputation is made, if the Haemor|rhagy be great, (which yet, if a &s;trong ligature be made, rarely happens; &s;o that &s;ometimes onely a few &s;poonfulls come, or not above three or four ounces at mo&s;t) &s;ome u&s;e an actual Cautery, to burn the ve&s;&s;els, and to make a cru&s;t on the Fle&s;h. But it is to be feared, that when the cru&s;t falls off, a new Flux of bloud may come, and before the Chirurgeon can be called to &s;top it, the Patient may depart. Be&s;ides, <HI>Paraeus, lib.</HI> 12. <HI>cap.</HI> 35. af|firms, that great Pain and Convul&s;ions are rai|&s;ed in this manner. Wherefore <HI>cap.</HI> 31, and 33. he advi&s;es to take hold of the ve&s;&s;els with Pliers to run a needle through them, and tie them fa&s;t with a thread. But <HI>Gourmelinus, Syntagm. Artis Chirurg. p.</HI> 125. for very good rea&s;on di&s;approves of this way: As we al&s;o do, with <HI>Hildanus,</HI> reject the method de&s;cri|bed by <HI>Paraeus, c.</HI> 32. When he draws the flaps of the Skin together by running a needle and thread in 4 places, and drawing them together, and thus en|deavours to cover the bone, that it may not be in jured by the external Air. For what need is there to torment the Patient with &s;uch injuries, which will doe no good? The cure is far more happily performed, if we make u&s;e of the fuz-ball, called <HI>Crepitus Lupi.</HI> That is, in the &s;pace betwixt the two bones we mu&s;t apply pieces of it, full of Powders that &s;top bloud, wet in Whites of Eggs; Yea, we may make of it &s;couped out, a kind of di&s;h, and fill it with a &s;tegnotick Powder, whereinto we may put the end of the Stump. Which dre&s;&s;ing may be kept on by a defen&s;ative and glutinant Pla&s;ter, over all which a Beef's bladder may be applied (till the fear of Haemorrhagy be over) and at length a cruciate &s;wathing may be made.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van. Horne.</NOTE> &para; In the mean time the heat of the bloud mu&s;t be &s;topt by <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;ferus.</NOTE> &para; One was condemned to die, and when the Hang|man, before he cut him into quarters, had cut off both his hands in the &s;treet where the Hou&s;e &s;tood, in which he had done the villany, le&s;t he &s;hould die of the large bleeding, he was by this means pre|&s;erved from &s;udden Death. The Hangman's Wife took a live Cock, and opened it from the vent to the Brea&s;t-bone, and immediately thru&s;t the &s;tump into it, and then folding the Wings, tied it fa&s;t with a cord, and thus the violence of the Bloud was &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Ob&s;. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 772.</NOTE> &s;o that it bled not for above an hour; and till he was executed, the Malefactor was no weaker for his di&s;membring. &para; When a Hor&s;e had bit a Man's Finger off, and the bloud, after &s;everal ways had been tried, could not be &s;topt, I ordered him to thru&s;t the wound into a Chic|ken cut open near the vent, and to hold it there till it was cold;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> and the bleeding immediately &s;topt.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Some Chirurgeons u&s;e to leave the ban|dage on the upper part of the amputation till the &s;econd dre&s;&s;ing, that the mouths of the ve&s;&s;els may be &s;topt, but they doe very ill: for it cau&s;es grie|vous and continual pain: Hence come Inflamma|tions, Fevers, want of &s;leep, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For Pain draws the bloud and humours violently to the part. For this rea&s;on, the fir&s;t dre&s;&s;ing, if it can any way be done, mu&s;t be removed within two or three days at far|the&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildanus</HI> de Gangrena.</NOTE> For the Swathes and Bladders, when they grow hard, cau&s;e pain.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Some at the beginning do &s;o wrap up the &s;tump in linen and fianel, that thereby to the Pa|tient's great damage, it grows hot, and &s;o draws the bloud and humours thither.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. In ab&s;ci&s;&s;ion of the middle or ring Finger, if the corruption or <HI>Caries</HI> go &s;o far, that ab&s;ci&s;&s;ion mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be made at the third articulation or the <HI>Os po&s;tb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">achiale,</HI> no &s;mall difficulty has hither|to ari&s;en, and that becau&s;e of the <HI>Septum Digitorum,</HI> (that is, that fle&s;hy part, which lies between the third and la&s;t joint of the Finger, towards the &s;e|cond joint (as you may &s;ee in <HI>Fig.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 25. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Ve&s;a|lii,</HI> from the letter <HI>R.</HI> to <HI>D.</HI>) for the cutting of the Knife or Razor mu&s;t be thrice repeated: The fir&s;t Cut &s;eparates the finger in the la&s;t joint from the <HI>me|tacarpus;</HI> the &s;econd and third takes off the <HI>Septum Di|gitorum</HI> on either &s;ide of the finger. In this operation thrice repeated &s;omething carnous or membranous may remain untouched by the Knife, and may ren|der the operation more difficult and tedious. Now I, con&s;idering the&s;e things, contrived an In&s;trument whereby the finger may be cut off in the la&s;t joint, together with the <HI>Septum</HI> on either &s;ide, at one blow; and it is a very &s;harp and winged Knife, who&s;e hind part is &s;emicircular, and of a bigne&s;s propor|tionable to the finger to be cut off. And though before I di&s;approved of this way of chopping off Limbs, yet in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e it cannot other|wi&s;e be well done,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> of two evils we mu&s;t chu&s;e the le&s;s.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A Hand affected with a <HI>Cancer</HI> not exul|cerated is cut off in a &s;ound place, that is, at the heads of the <HI>radius</HI> and <HI>ulna</HI> towards the Wri&s;t. But we mu&s;t take notice, to the end the bloud yet in|fected, which the adjoining Ve&s;&s;els contain, may run out (for being retained it might affect the Arm) that neither the Arm mu&s;t be tied with a rowler, above the place of Inci&s;ion, nor mu&s;t the &s;ofter parts be cut with a red hot Knife,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> which Barbari|ans call <HI>Cauterium cultellare.</HI></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have often &s;een this Catapla&s;m u&s;ed with de|&s;ired &s;ucce&s;s in &s;topping of a Gangrene; Take of Meal of Beans, Lupines, each 4 ounces, Juice of Rue 2 ounces, or Powder of Rue 3 ounces. <HI>Oxymel &s;implex</HI> 6 ounces, Lie what is &s;ufficient. Sometimes he adds powder of <HI>Scordium.</HI> Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> Make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P N="2">2. Spirit of Salt, rightly prepared, applied to outward Gangrenes and Ulcers, is a high Narco|tick Remedy without any pain. &para; All the care con&s;i&s;ts in the efficacy and virtue of Spirit of Salt; for the Salt being &s;aturated with this Liquour, and dried, is reduced to its natural temper, which eve|ry one may &s;ee by experience; for every &s;harp and biting Salt, if it be di&s;&s;olved in Spirit of Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE> is re|duced to a wonderfull &s;weetne&s;s.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum</HI> is a mo&s;t excellent and principal Remedy for a Gangrene;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gul. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> it &s;eparates the dead fle&s;h from the live, and breeds a laudable E&s;char.</P>
<P N="4">4. In the cure of a Gangrene, after the E&s;char is removed, if not onely Medicines, but the very Air, cau&s;e intolerable pain, this following is very familiar with me. I take Ointment of Betony made of the juice, to which I either add Oil of Sweet Almonds, if there be no inflammation, or if there be one, as there often is, I mix Oil of Ro&s;es or Yelks of Eggs, and I have never yet found any thing better. &para; <HI>Scordium</HI> brui&s;ed, or the juice of it, is excellent: For experience &s;hews,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hieron. Fa|bricius.</NOTE> that dead bodies are pre&s;erved from putrefaction, if they either be &s;tuffed with it, or wrapt in it.</P>
<P N="5">5. Take of Colts-foot 1 handfull and an half, Melilot, Mullein, Dwarf-Elder, each half an hand|full. Frankincen&s;e, Litharge, each 2 drachms and an half, Ma&s;tick, Myrrh, each 1 drachm and an half, crude Alume 2 drachms. Mix them for a De|coction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grombs.</NOTE> When a Gangrene is feared in a Drop|&s;ie.</P>
<P N="6">6. Let the part affected be wa&s;hed with Spirit of Wine Camphorate, than which I think nothing is more proper for hindring the mortification of any part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7"><PB N="253" REF="132">7. I remember one was perfectly cured of a Gan|grene in his thigh, after rotten Apples brui&s;ed had been applied in form of a Catapla&s;m, without the liquour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli.</NOTE> once or twice.</P>
<P N="8">8. To bring a place to its natural colour again, <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum,</HI> di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> is mo&s;t excellent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ranchinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. I order the &s;carified places to be moi&s;tned with Spirit of Sulphur, where the fle&s;h was morti|fied, then I order all the Arm to be fomented with Spirit of Wine hot, wherein Powder of Aloes and Myrrh were infu&s;ed; then Powder of Aloes and Myrrh were &s;trewed on the Arm in great quantity, and upon the Powder linen cloths, wet in Spirit of Wine, were applied, which Remedy being u&s;ed a few hours, the Arm returned to its colour, to a miracle; the &s;welling abated, and the Gangrene was &s;topt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Take of Cow's dung 1 pound, Oil of Ro&s;es 4 ounces, Vinegar 3 ounces, Saffron half a &s;cruple. Mix them. Make a Pla&s;ter, which mu&s;t be applied hot every three hours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J Dav. Ru|landu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> I know by experience, it certainly clean&s;es and cures a Gangrene.</P>
<P N="11">11. To prevent a Gangrene Sir <HI>Theodore de Mayerne</HI> of <HI>England</HI> u&s;ed this following &s;ucce&s;sfully, applied warm with cloths dipt in it: Take of the &s;tronge&s;t Vinegar, red Wine, Spring-water, each a like quan|tity, Litharge of Gold well beaten 8 ounces, Roche Alume, Sea Salt, each 2 ounces, Gum Arabick, Myrrh, each 1 ounce, <HI>Olibanum,</HI> Ma&s;tick, each two ounces. When the Liquours are mixt, put in the Litharge, let them boil, &s;tirring them continually, then add the Salt and Alume, then the Gum Ara|bick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Jac. Sach&s;ius.</NOTE> and la&s;t of all the Powders, boil them to a con&s;umption of a fourth part.</P>
<P N="12">12. If it will not give way to gentle Medicines, we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;trong ones: Take of <HI>Mercury</HI> what you plea&s;e, di&s;&s;olve it in <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> when it is di&s;&s;olved, add to it of <HI>Sal Saturni,</HI> and <HI>&V;nguentum Ro&s;atum Campho|ratum,</HI> what is &s;ufficient. Make an Unguent. &para; This Liquour is very good, if cloths be dipt in it and ap|plied: It was &s;ucce&s;sfully u&s;ed in a Gangrene of the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> Take of Vitriol 1 ounce, tops of Oak 1 handfull, Frankincen&s;e 1 ounce, Camphire two drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Wine 2 pounds and an half. Boil about a third away.</P>
<P N="13">13. The Juice of the Herb Alexanders in Un|guents &s;tops Gangrenes wonderfully.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Turnheu&s;e|tus.</NOTE> It is a Se|cret.</P>
<P N="14">14. Salt of Soot is made thus: Let Soot be pow|dered as fine as flower, di&s;&s;olve it in Vinegar, let it &s;ettle to the bottom of the Ve&s;&s;el, &s;eparate the Vinegar, and di&s;&s;olve it in other Vinegar, continu|ing it &s;o five times, and you will find a Salt, which, if it be put in a moi&s;t place, will melt, and make a mo&s;t excellent Oil for Gangrenes and malignant Ulcers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Vigie|rius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ganglion,</HI> or, A glandulous Swelling.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we cut a <HI>Ganglion</HI> or <HI>Lupia. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be brought to Suppuration. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The old and new way of Cure. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF a <HI>Ganglion</HI> will not yield to Medicines, it mu&s;t be cut out with a Knife, unle&s;s it be in the hands or in the feet, or there be danger of Nerves, Veins or Arteries, wherewith &s;ometimes it is implicated. A <HI>Lupia</HI> al&s;o mu&s;t be cut out, as a Gland, like as we did a few days agone, near the Jugulars,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="2">II. A <HI>Ganglion</HI> &s;ometimes, when it is deeply radi|cated, hinders the motion of &s;ome joint; therefore &s;ome cour&s;e mu&s;t be taken with it betimes, which we do by premi&s;ing convenient Evacuations, and ap|plying emollients and dige&s;tives. But we mu&s;t have a care, as much as may be, that no &s;uppuration do follow here, becau&s;e when it ari&s;es of it &s;elf, or is cau&s;ed through carele&s;sne&s;s, it brings with it per|ver&s;e, and oftentimes incurable Ulcers, by which the&s;e nervous places are &s;ometimes &s;o corrupted, that the motion of that joint is oftentimes either lo&s;t or depraved.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In &s;ome places <HI>Ganglia</HI> are cured with the Knife, in others, as in the Feet and Hands, it is very dangerous to wound them with a Knife. There|fore Ammoniack, or &s;ome other Malactick, mu&s;t be applied, that it may cover the whole <HI>Ganglium,</HI> a plate of Lead mu&s;t be laid over it, and it mu&s;t be tied on very &s;trait, and &s;o as that the <HI>Ganglion</HI> can &s;lip no way. Some onely tie on a plate; and when in a few days they find it &s;oftned, when the Lead and Pla&s;ter is taken off, they &s;et the right Thumb upon the <HI>Gan|glium,</HI> and &s;et their Fingers round about, and pre&s;s it as hard as they are able, till they break it in pieces: This indeed was the old way, but now it is out of u&s;e. The pre&s;ent age does better, Men ob&s;erve the membranaceous Stalk, the Glands and Branchings of the Veins, where the <HI>Ganglium</HI> ri&s;es, and whereby it is increa&s;ed, they open a way by the Knife, they lay all bare, they tie the ve&s;&s;els with a thread, they turn a&s;ide the Nerves, they bind, dry, con&s;ume, burn and cut off the Stalk, Glands and Veins, whereby the Di&s;ea&s;e is fed, and that way as it were extirpate the root of the Di&s;|ea&s;e, that new matter may not breed afterwards, and no new <HI>Ganglion</HI> may grow again. Although this way of cure is not without danger, if the <HI>Gan|glion</HI> be great, and in a place where many great ve&s;|&s;els and Nerves meet. Sometimes al&s;o the ve&s;&s;els underneath are corrupt and putrefied, great veins and arteries, which being laid bare, bleed exce&s;|&s;ively, &s;o that no man can &s;top them, whereby the Patient is killed in a &s;hort time. Turpentine, quick Lime and Goo&s;e-grea&s;e, well tempered together,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE> di&s;&s;olve a <HI>Ganglion.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Gibbo&s;itas,</HI> or, Crookedne&s;s in the Back.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cure of one ari&s;ing from an internal Cau&s;e. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The elevation of the depre&s;&s;ed <HI>Vertebrae. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gibbo&s;ity ari&s;ing from &s;ome fault in the Mu&s;cles, not in the Bones, how it may be cured? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One following a Fever cured by di&s;&s;olvents. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Spine re&s;tored by help of Iron Stayes. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. GIbbo&s;ity has its original from the Spine, when the <HI>vertebrae</HI> &s;tart outwards, or on one &s;ide, out of their natural place, to which &s;ome|times an external cau&s;e, but mo&s;t of all an internal cau&s;e gives occa&s;ion, e&s;pecially when &s;ome pituitous humour is gathered thereabout. This humour mu&s;t be removed by Oils and Pla&s;ters, that have a di&s;&s;i|pating virtue, before the prominent part be redu|ced to its natural place, by an Iron In&s;trument fit|ted to any man's body. This reduction is performed not &s;o much by pre&s;&s;ion, as by the emollient virtue of the Iron. This is the rea&s;on, why when the Pa|tient is already cured, he mu&s;t u&s;e a Stay for a year or two longer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Barbetto.</NOTE> that the &s;oft Bones may not &s;tart out again.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="254" REF="133">II. Mr. <HI>Ranchinus</HI> cured a luxation in the <HI>Spina dor&s;i</HI> in the Noble Lady <HI>N,</HI> which came from a Ca|tarrh falling from her brain upon the Spine, where|by two <HI>vertebrae</HI> in the middle of the Spine were di&s;|placed. After Univer&s;als &s;he u&s;ed a Barbers Pre&s;s, where he pre&s;&s;es his Linen with a &s;crew, &s;he appli|ed one board to her back, and another to her brea&s;t, but &s;he left off the u&s;e of it, becau&s;e the compre&s;&s;ion of her brea&s;t hindred her breathing. At length &s;he u&s;ed that In&s;trument, whereby they u&s;e to heave up Coaches, when they &s;tick in &s;ome hollow place, (in French <HI>un Criq</HI>) on who&s;e circular end they laid a piece of wood, to be fitted to the di&s;placed <HI>ver|tebra,</HI> putting a linen cloth between: The other end of the In&s;trument was &s;et again&s;t the Wall, then the Patient was held fa&s;t about her Shoulders; af|terwards the in&s;trument was forced gently, till &s;he could bear the pain no longer, at which time &s;he de&s;i&s;ted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> This was done twice a day, and &s;o the Luxation was cured by degrees.</P>
<P N="3">III. A Nobleman of a tall &s;tature, about 40 years old, was &s;o crooked, that all who met him, might well have taken him for one of Ninety, rather than one of that age. He went to &s;everal, who make it their profe&s;&s;ion, either to re&s;tore di&s;located parts, or to reduce &s;uch as are mi&s;hapen to a due figure, but all to no purpo&s;e. The man was very much troubled, and as he was curious to get a remedy for his indi&s;po&s;ition, among others he came to me. This evil conformation of his Body &s;eemed to ari&s;e not &s;o much from any fault in the bones, as from his Mu&s;cles being loaden with ill humours. While therefore I was preparing and purging the humours, and applied &s;uch fomentations, as I thought pro|per for his Di&s;ea&s;e, he began, not beyond &s;ome hopes, but far &s;ooner than I expected, in &s;ix weeks time, to be &s;o well, that he could carry his tall body upright. This ob&s;ervation may &s;erve for admonition, that Anatomy do not deceive the unwary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kerckeringi|us, <HI>Ob&s;. Anat.</HI> 45.</NOTE> while they think that all external defor|mity takes its original from &s;ome bone di&s;torted in|wardly.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In the year 1668. I &s;aw a bending and a di&s;tor|tion of the whole Spine, from top to bottom, in a Boy and a Girl, cau&s;ed by humours &s;ettling there af|ter a Fever. Chirurgeons were &s;ent for, they attemp|ted re&s;titution by Machines and Steel Stayes. I, contrary to the Chirurgeons mind, re&s;tored them perfectly by di&s;&s;olvents and Strengthners, the hu|mour being di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, that filled the Mu&s;cles and Ligaments, and driven back by <HI>Metathe&s;is,</HI> it not as yet being fully &s;ettled there.</P>
<P N="5">V. I &s;hewed the way for a certain Nobleman's Child, that was crooked in his back, who&s;e Spine &s;tood very much out, how in his Infancy they might make Iron Stayes, &s;uch as armed Men wear, made of thin plates, and covered in&s;ide and out&s;ide with Cloth, for him to wear. Which being done, when he had worn it about a years time, night and day, and was &s;o u&s;ed to it, that he found no trouble in it, by degrees his crookedne&s;s was pre&s;&s;ed in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Ob&s;. l.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 164.</NOTE> and the Spine came to its natural &s;treightne&s;s: So that afterwards he always went upright, and grew a very tall man.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Gonorrhoea, Pollutio nocturna,</HI> or, Running of the Reins, and nocturnal Pollution.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cau&s;e lies not always in the Genitals. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure mu&s;t be varied according to the variety of Cau&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;tinction of Seed from <HI>Pus</HI> and Phlegm. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A virulent one mu&s;t never be cured by A&s;tringents. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of A&s;tringents is oft times hurtfull. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be &s;topt ra&s;hly. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that extingui&s;h Seed are not always proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a virulent one bloud mu&s;t be let in the foot. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a &s;purious one Hidroticks are more powerfull than Diure|ticks. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A virulent one is &s;ometimes &s;topt by immoderate <HI>Venus. X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Woman's, cau&s;ed by abundance of Seed, mu&s;t be provoked, not &s;topt. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A quicker emi&s;&s;ion of the Seed, becau&s;e of an &V;lcer in the <HI>In|te&s;tinum rectum. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The diver&s;ity of things that dimini&s;h Seed. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>External Agents are mo&s;t efficacious of Lead. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks are &s;ometimes good. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines mu&s;t be varied according to the con&s;titution. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All &s;uch Medicines are not convenient for all per&s;ons. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care they doe no hurt. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Mercurials doe good? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oils and &V;nguents outwardly doe little good. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The noxious abu&s;e of <HI>Tinctura Martis Antiphthi&s;ica. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his way of curing a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea. XXII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>ROndeletius, cap.</HI> 57. writes, that it is difficult to cure a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> unle&s;s the cau&s;e be known; and he adds, that he knew a Nobleman, who after a cold Impo&s;thume in his Kidneys, was long ill of this Di&s;ea&s;e, and was always much wor&s;e, when he u&s;ed things to extingui&s;h &s;eed, whether cold or hot: That he ordered him a quite contra|ry cour&s;e of Diet, and bid him drink generous Wine, and eat good drying Food, which was not windy, by which means he was cured. And the Cau&s;e of &s;uch <HI>Gonorrhoea's</HI> is not always wholly in the Geni|tals, but &s;ometimes in other parts, or in the whole body: Wherefore he al&s;o advi&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> to give &s;uch things as correct the crudity of the Stomach.</P>
<P N="2">II. There is a threefold divi&s;ion of a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> not &s;ufficiently con&s;idered by <HI>Galen</HI> nor by other Phy&s;i|cians. There are men, who through the heat of the Kidneys, Liver and &s;eminal Ve&s;&s;els, breed a|bundance of hot Seed, whom it often provokes to excretion in a dream. This kind (to which both Sexes are obnoxious) if it be exce&s;&s;ive, does pine away the Body to a Con&s;umption. Another &s;ort of <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> is produced by putrefaction of abun|dance of Phlegm, either &s;alt or crude, which is often mixt with a little Seed, and e&s;pecially from the Brain, by the <HI>Spina dor&s;i,</HI> Loins and Kidneys, and al&s;o from the Liver by the Veins, and by the Nerves which come to the <HI>pudenda</HI> from all parts of the Body, and by the &s;eminal Ve&s;&s;els and <HI>Cre|ma&s;teres</HI> joined with the Stones, to the <HI>&V;terus</HI> and <HI>Pe|nis,</HI> from whence it drops by degrees, not with|out excoriation of the parts: The matter of this is crude bloud mixt with impure humours, the &s;ink whereof does not, as &s;ome think, run to the Bladder, but to the Womb and <HI>Penis,</HI> and by the pa&s;&s;age of the &s;perm is voided into the <HI>Penis.</HI> The running of the&s;e humours both before and after the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> (for in the beginning, the ebullition in the bloud then being high, they run plentifully, though in the middle of the time they do not &s;top in &s;ome.) The Greeks call it a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> in
<PB N="255" REF="133"> both Sexes, but the Latins, in Women call it <HI>Men&s;trua pituito&s;a,</HI> of which <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 1 <HI>de M. Mul.</HI> &s;peaks. But I would have you well remember what he tells us, 2 <HI>de morbis.</HI> <Q>Unle&s;s, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> after the defluxion of a Catarrh and Seed from the head by the <HI>Spina dor&s;i,</HI> which &s;ome feel to creep down like Ants, you purge the Head and whole Body well, the Patient will pine away, and die of a Con&s;umption, which they call the Back Con&s;umption.</Q> They that would cure both kinds of <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> with the &s;ame Remedies, are mi&s;taken: For cooling and a&s;tringent things, by rea&s;on of the weakne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els, and becau&s;e they dry up Seed, are good for the fir&s;t, which are plain|ly hurtfull for this &s;econd: For it &s;tands not in need of things that a&s;tringe and thicken with cold; but becau&s;e of Crudity and Putrefaction of Hu|mours, it indicates its removal by vomit or &s;tool; by which method I have cured &s;everal with pur|ging and a &s;pare Diet. The third &s;ort of <HI>Gonor|rhoea</HI> comes from the venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, and is cal|led virulent; in which at the beginning a &s;ort of white and yellowi&s;h matter dribbles away in&s;en&s;i|bly, waking as well as &s;leeping, from the &s;eminal Ve&s;&s;els. And this &s;ort cannot better be cured than by a decoction of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> or anointing with Quick|&s;ilver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Langius. <HI>Ep.</HI> 5. <HI>lib.</HI> 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Let young Phy&s;icians ob&s;erve what is taken notice of by few Practitioners, that Seed, <HI>Pus</HI> and Phlegm, although they &s;hew all alike white in the Urine, yet by a skilfull man they may thus ea&s;ily be di&s;cerned. The Seed, when it is &s;eparated from the re&s;t, &s;wims con&s;tantly at the top, nor will it &s;ink, though it be &s;haken, no not in a <HI>Gonorrhoea. Pus</HI> and Phlegm do both &s;ink to the bottom: but at the lea&s;t &s;hake <HI>Pus</HI> flies in &s;under, &s;o as it cannot be di&s;cerned, onely it makes the Urine white as Milk. Phlegm rolls about. Puru|lent matter parts a little, and rolls about a little, but both of them, when the Urine &s;tands &s;till, pre|&s;ently &s;ink to the bottom, the Seed always &s;wim|ming, unle&s;s it have contracted a great putrefacti|on from its virulence: For when it putrefies, the Air being evaporated and con&s;umed by extraneous heat, it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity grow heavier, and there|fore &s;ink to the bottom,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab. Heers, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 18.</NOTE> and when it is &s;haken, &s;tick to it.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> is commonly reckoned by all men, a Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed by &s;ome fault in the &s;per|matick Ve&s;&s;els. But <HI>Vir&s;ungius</HI> his judgment is truer, who reckons it rather an Ulcer of the <HI>Pro&s;tatae,</HI> voi|ding not &s;o much Seed, as <HI>Sanies</HI> and affluent, cor|rupt humours: Which the plenty of matter &s;uffi|ciently &s;hews, oftentimes exceeding a Quart; and the &s;mell and colour &s;hew it to be &s;omething el&s;e than Seed, e&s;pecially when it has continued any time. There lived a Man at <HI>Padua,</HI> who was ill of &s;uch a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> for thirty years. Be&s;ides, the very &s;ub&s;tance of the matter, that is mixt with the Urine, repre&s;ents &s;omething different from Seed, becau&s;e it &s;inks to the bottom: but it is the Na|ture of Seed to &s;wim at the top, and when the Urine is &s;haken, not to part a&s;under. Yea the cut|ting open of dead bodies often proves it, where|by &s;uch Ulcers are found in the <HI>Pro&s;tatae</HI> that we can &s;carce doubt any farther of the matter. See <HI>Rondeletius Pract. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 9. and <HI>Palmarius</HI> 2. <HI>de Luc c.</HI> 9. <HI>Camillus Thoma|jus, Meth. Cur. c.</HI> 57. thought that a Flux which la&s;ted Months and Years in a Woman without weakning the body, ought not to be called a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> but a catarrhal Flux. Nor did <HI>Ve&s;lingius</HI> much differ, when he often commended to us, as the onely &s;cope of a right cure, to ab&s;terge and dry rather than to bind. Therefore he, to the benefit of many, did &s;ucce&s;sfully u&s;e Con&s;erve of Mallows, and a decoction of Mar&s;hmallows with Turpentine and Powder of Rheubarb. I &s;aw &s;uch a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> cu|red at <HI>Padua</HI> by giving <HI>Bolus</HI>'s of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> with Turpen|tine and <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> prepared according to art: as al&s;o Emul&s;ions of Hemp &s;eed, and other cooling things, with Spirit of Turpentine: With clean|&s;ing injections of Whey with white precipitate, continued for four days: La&s;tly, an Electuary made of old Treacle, extract of Juniper, <HI>Confectio Hyacinthi</HI> and <HI>Crocus Martis.</HI> Nor did <HI>G. Harduyinus de S. Jacobo,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 67.</NOTE> commend the decoction of the root of <HI>Statice</HI> (it is a kind of Mountain Giliflower) for any one intention more than for that of drying.</P>
<P N="5">V. We mu&s;t not &s;top a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> ra&s;hly, nor pre|&s;ently, or at a venture; for it has been often &s;een, that they who have endeavoured to &s;top &s;uch <HI>Gonorrhoea's</HI> un&s;ea&s;onably and violently, e&s;pecial|ly before the Body has been purged of its filth, have had <HI>Buboes,</HI> Inflammations of their Stones, and have been troubled with pains in their Kid|neys and Loins, and with a thou&s;and other afflic|tions. Wherefore before we put our helping hand to the part affected, we mu&s;t provide for the whole Body, le&s;t &s;ome &s;uch thing, or wor&s;e, befall us. The be&s;t way therefore of cure is that which cuts off every Cau&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> beginning with the mo&s;t prevalent.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Concerning the cure of that which is &s;aid to be cau&s;ed by watry and thin Seed, we mu&s;t carefully ob&s;erve, whether it be true Seed that comes away, although it be watry, thin and crude, or whether, as <HI>Langius, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>ep.</HI> 5. takes notice, it be corrupt and vitious humours, which being ga|thered in the Body, flow to the Genital parts, and are voided by the pa&s;&s;age, whereby Seed is u&s;ually ca&s;t out: as &s;ometimes vitious humours, gathered in the Body, u&s;e to be evacuated by the Womb, which they call the Whites. In the fir&s;t ca&s;e we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;uch things as incra&s;&s;ate Seed, make it firm, and detain it. In the &s;econd we mu&s;t not u&s;e incra&s;&s;ating and a&s;tringent things, but eva|cuaters, correcters of Cacochymy, and a good Di|et. Therefore <HI>Langius, l. c.</HI> &s;ays, <Q>I can &s;afely &s;wear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> I have cured &s;everal onely by purging and a &s;pare Diet.</Q></P>
<P N="7">VII. Sometimes it is cau&s;ed through abundance of Wind, gathering of crudities, want of &s;leep, or eating windy things: If you endeavour to &s;top this with Medicines that extingui&s;h Seed, you will make it much wor&s;e, becau&s;e &s;uch &s;ort of Medi|cines are exceeding cold, whereby the intempe|rature, which is the cau&s;e of the <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletiue.</NOTE> is en|crea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Seat of a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> is in the <HI>Pro&s;tatae</HI> and the <HI>Ve&s;iculae &s;eminariae,</HI> which if it be un|&s;ea&s;onably &s;topt, the virulence is communicated to the whole Body, or it flows back to the Stones, and there cau&s;es a Tumour, or if it extend to the <HI>perinaeum,</HI> unle&s;s it be timely repelled, it cau&s;es an Ab&s;ce&s;s, and erodes the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI> It is not &s;afe to let bloud in the Arm, if the heat in the&s;e parts be gentle, and without a Fever: Bloud mu&s;t rather be let in the Foot, becau&s;e the <HI>Saphaena</HI> ari&s;es near the Groin, and imparts two branches to the&s;e parts, and therefore large bloud-letting does make power|full revul&s;ion, when <HI>Buboes</HI> break out. Few or none be&s;ides <HI>Palmarius and Fallopius,</HI> let bloud in the Arm, which is &s;u&s;pected, for fear of the Venereal Di&s;|ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> through a reflux of the virulence into the bowels and habit of the Body.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Now a days &s;ome reckon the matter mu&s;t be purged from the whole, yea, and diverted to the ways of Urine, perhaps after <HI>Galen</HI>'s example, who a long time after Hydragogues, u&s;ed Diure|ticks with &s;ucce&s;s; and therefore &s;ome give Tur|pentine wa&s;hed in Mallow water, with Powder of Liquorice. But in my practice I never found any good from Diureticks: Nor do I give Tur|pentine, except in Contractions and Convul&s;ions of the Ve&s;&s;els and the <HI>Penis.</HI> Wherefore I have &s;een the cure &s;ucceed happily, by deriving the mat|ter to the Ambit of the Body by Diureticks and Sweats, with the help of &s;ome proper decoction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Forti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10"><PB N="256" REF="134">X. Immoderate <HI>Venus</HI> is commended, as indeed it has done good to &s;ome, the venomous infection being poured out with the Seed, while it has not as yet penetrated deep into the &s;ub&s;tance of the &s;imilar parts, yet becau&s;e it draws the humours from all places into the parts affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> and cau&s;es an Inflammation, it mu&s;t be omitted.</P>
<P N="11">XI. If a Woman's Womb by continual coition be full of Seed, &s;he does not conceive, till the Womb unburthen it &s;elf, which &s;tagnating there a long time, hence &s;ometimes <HI>molae</HI> ari&s;e, the Drop&s;ie, Wind and Flux of the Womb, like Women's Whites, which yet it is not. Nor is it a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> which if Women once &s;uffer, they are ever afterwards bar|ren, all remedies proving to no purpo&s;e. This excretion is known, for a cold matter comes away without pain and emaciation of the body. More|over this Flux mu&s;t not be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus.</NOTE> but rather provoked.</P>
<P N="12">XII. One came to <HI>Spaw</HI> to get a Remedy for his impotency, becau&s;e he let go his Seed at the fir&s;t touch of the <HI>labia;</HI> but it was watri&s;h and very like Whey. Becau&s;e this happened in a &s;ound body, and I could imagine no other cau&s;e, I told him, I thought he had an Ulcer in his <HI>inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> therefore the ve&s;&s;els nece&s;&s;ary for the preparation and ejaculation of Seed, being affected with a pu|trid vapour, did breed Seed which was in&s;ufficient for a long ten&s;ion of the <HI>Penis,</HI> and for a brisk coition. Then I ordered a &s;uppo&s;itory onely of Honey, and it was drawn out again be&s;meared with much thick <HI>Pus.</HI> Then a Chirurgeon was called, who with his middle Finger found a great and deep Ulcer. To whom when Medicines were applied, that mani|fe&s;tly did him good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Feers, <HI>Ob&s;. Med.</HI> 10.</NOTE> he went his way, and neg|lected the cure.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Things that abate Seed, or Antivenereals, either dimini&s;h the product of Seed, not &s;o much by &s;ubtracting the quantity of Aliment (which in|deed makes much for the diminution of <HI>Venus,</HI>) as by hindring the gathering of Seed, or by con&s;tricti|on, wherefore Saturnines inwardly have the fir&s;t place, e&s;pecially <HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> made by Evapora|tion, which by its inten&s;e &s;weetne&s;s &s;timulates the Tongue, but in truth by the parts of the di&s;tilled Vinegar, joined with the metallick ones, it does as it were concentre the <HI>Serum</HI> (for in my judg|ment Seed is the fine&s;t cream of the <HI>Serum</HI>) &s;o that it cannot grow turgid, or reach to the genital parts, but weakly, wherefore given in plenty it ema&s;culates and binds: And for this rea&s;on <HI>Tinctu|ra Saturnina,</HI> vulgarly called <HI>Antiphthi&s;ica,</HI> may by better right be called <HI>Styptica</HI> and <HI>Antivenerea.</HI> And by di&s;&s;ipating and de&s;troying the Seminiform con|&s;i&s;tency, procuring a difflation of the Spirits, &s;uch e&s;pecially are Camphorates, and bitter things, as Ab&s;ynthiacks and Aloeticks, have partly &s;ome re|&s;pect hither, &s;o <HI>Vitex</HI> and leaves of Rue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or they take off the Stimulation, Orga&s;m and Acri|mony: Such e&s;pecially are watry things, Coolers, as Water Lily, Lettuce, Pur&s;lain, Emul&s;ions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For as the heat of the Kidneys, or of the bloud rather, and the vigour of the <HI>Serum</HI> make much for the &s;eparation of the Seed in the Pampiniform pa&s;&s;ages and Pores, &s;o things which dilute and temper the heat, breed a le&s;s vigorous Seed: Therefore Drunkards, who drown their Bodies with too much drink, are unfit for Generation. And earthy things, which precipitate, and abate the motion of the Bloud, and con&s;equently of the Seed, &s;o among Vegetables, Strawberry and Agri|mony, <HI>&amp;c. Terra &s;igillata,</HI> Coral, Bole Armenick, <HI>Os Sepiae,</HI> which, and its Magi&s;tery, is not ami&s;s made u&s;e of for curing a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> all the Saunders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And acids, which obtund the vivid Sulphur of the Bloud, and are al&s;o apt to hinder the glutinous con&s;i&s;tency of the Seed. Therefore all acids are commended. So I have ob&s;erved that <HI>Hepaticum rubrum,</HI> or <HI>Cry&s;talli tartari vitriolati</HI> and <HI>Santulati,</HI> have done much good in abating nocturnal pollutions. One by the con&s;tant u&s;e of Spirit of Vitriol, where|by he endeavoured to correct the weakne&s;s of his Stomach, had his <HI>pudendum</HI> and <HI>te&s;tes</HI> &s;hrunk up and extenuated. And Nitrous and Mercurial things, in as much as they make the Seed fluid, &s;o ni|trous things in general, which al&s;o invert the Sul|phur. Thus one in <HI>Timaeus,</HI> who was extreme li|bidinous, at length by taking a large do&s;e of Ni|tre, cea&s;ed to be &s;uch. But be&s;ide this, Mercu|rials intimately po&s;&s;e&s;s an acid Salt, rendring the <HI>Serum</HI> and Seed fluid, exhau&s;t the Nerves for bu|&s;ine&s;s, and are apt to weaken the mu&s;culous and nervous parts; therefore <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> is highly commended in a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> &s;imple and virulent. Or finally, Middling things, which are apt to cor|rect the motion of the <HI>Serum</HI> and Fluxions, and &s;o they moderate the Afflux, mitigate the Acrimo|ny, by their bal&s;amick virtue keep the con&s;i&s;tence entire, and &s;trengthen the &s;eminal Ve&s;&s;els, clean&s;e them when ulcerate, lax and viro&s;e, and divert them another way, &s;uch indeed as are proper for Catarrhs in general, or for any known Fluxions of the <HI>Serum,</HI> to wit, Succinates; wherefore I have ob&s;erved that &s;uch diverting things, for Ex|ample, E&s;&s;ence of Amber, joined with the Bezo|ardick Anodyne, has very happily cured a <HI>Go|norrhoea.</HI> Whither pertain al&s;o Sudorificks of the Woods, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For we mu&s;t take notice that the cla&s;s of &s;uch things as abate Seed, has a great la|titude, they cau&s;e cha&s;tity, they are proper for the Faults, Fluxions and Ichore&s;cency of the Seed; wherefore they are convenient,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> de &s;. m. fac. p. <HI>225.</HI></NOTE> cho&s;en with judg|ment, in all <HI>Gonorrhoea's,</HI> nocturnal Pollution, &s;im|ple and virulent, in rampant Lu&s;t, yea, and for Women troubled with the Whites.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Of the afore&s;aid things many applied out|wardly conduce to temper the heat; &s;o leaves of Vine, Willows, <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus</HI> u&s;e to be applied outwardly, leaves of Water-Lily, which yet are of the lowe&s;t rank. Saturnines de&s;erve to be re|membred here before all others, which as inward|ly they are adver&s;e to <HI>Venus,</HI> &s;o outwardly they contribute much to the &s;ame end; hence plates of Lead are u&s;ual, not onely by rea&s;on of their native Coldne&s;s, whereby they repell and allay, but al&s;o becau&s;e they extract the &s;aline Acrimo|ny as it were magnetically, which we may ga|ther from hence, becau&s;e every part affected un|der this leaden cover, u&s;es to be moi&s;t, in which &s;weat the &s;harp Salt increa&s;ing, the heat goes out continually, and by its Acrimony endeavouring to di&s;&s;olve the <HI>Saturn,</HI> it vi&s;ibly &s;ticks thereto; which plentifull attraction of Salt is made by be|nefit of the <HI>Mercury,</HI> wherewith <HI>Saturn</HI> abounds. Now <HI>Mercury</HI> does entirely love the company of the Salt, and &s;o it procures Exhalation, and ha|ving fir&s;t made an actual refrigeration,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it cau&s;es a potential one.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A certain Doctor of this City cures a viru|lent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> &s;ucce&s;sfully with <HI>Cantharides,</HI> which he &s;teeps in Rheni&s;h Wine, giving the infu&s;ion tem|pered with &s;ome other Liquour: but becau&s;e in the beginning he could not go on with the cure, without great torment and exulceration of the Bladder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">M. J. Mat|thial <HI>ad</HI> T. Barth. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ep.</HI> 55.</NOTE> at length he mixt it with Oil of &s;weet Almonds, <HI>Syrupus Fernelii,</HI> and juice of Mullein, and &s;o in three days &s;weetly removes the Di&s;ea&s;e by plentifull Urine. &para; I have in another place com|mended an Infu&s;ion of <HI>Cantharides</HI> for a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> and difficulty of Urine, the happy &s;ucce&s;s whereof I have tried more than once. But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that the <HI>Cantharides,</HI> le&s;t they doe hurt, mu&s;t be u&s;ed whole. And when we make a Ve&s;icatory, the extremities may be taken off, wherein there is a more gentle faculty, which may be kept for this infu&s;ion, to purge by Urine. If this infu&s;ion be ordered in due manner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barth. <HI>Ep.</HI> 54.</NOTE> it pro|vokes Urine, as far as I could ever ob&s;erve, with|out
<PB N="257" REF="134"> exulceration or torment, &s;o that there is no need of fat things.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The virtue of things that dimini&s;h Seed varies according to the different Con&s;titutions; for as every Agent in general acts according to the manner of its reception, &s;o when Contraries oc|cur in Authours, for example, that <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus,</HI> Rue, Mint, do dimini&s;h <HI>Venus,</HI> and provoke it, do abate Seed and produce it, the&s;e Effects mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to the difference of Bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedeliu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> So green Mint increa&s;es <HI>Venus,</HI> dry abates it.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. This &s;ame virtue of theirs is different according to the &s;tate of the Seed, and as &s;imple wa&s;ting of it, or a&s;triction is indicated, for all things are not convenient for all Per&s;ons. Thus in nocturnal Pollutions cooling acids, watry and gentle &s;typtick things are proper. In a &s;im|ple <HI>Genorrhoea</HI> acid and nitrous things; for lixivi|als, whatever Practitioners deliver to the con|trary, mu&s;t rather be avoided. In a virulent one Merculiar ones in the beginning; but acids and nitrous things are not &s;o good: Nitrous things are potent in abating Lu&s;t, but they mu&s;t not be made u&s;e of in the Flux. The middling things are better for the Flux,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> than when it is &s;topt.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. In dimini&s;hing of Seed we mu&s;t have a care we run not into the other extreme or contra|ry. Therefore in general Ab&s;ynthiacks, Satur|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">nes, and other things which we have reckoned up, are not &s;o proper for new married Per&s;ons, that is, in a large quantity; and in young Peo|ple we mu&s;t have a care how we meddle with them, e&s;pecially for &s;uch as are troubled with nocturnal Pollutions. Nocturnal Pollution is a Di&s;ea&s;e of that age, wherefore the Seed and its Orga&s;m &s;hould be checkt, and its acrimony may be abated, but it ought not to be extingui&s;hed. I knew an old Man of Seventy, of a hot Con&s;ti|tution, who had been troubled with nocturnal Pollutions from his Youth to his extreme Old-age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and neverthele&s;s he was ble&s;t with a nume|rous I&s;&s;ue.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Mercurials rather increa&s;e the Flux of Seed than check it, that is, of them&s;elves they make the Seed more fluid; wherefore we ob|&s;erve, that after the u&s;e of them, and giving of Purges, the flux of Seed is always as it were in|crea&s;ed. How proper therefore however it be in the beginning for a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> either virulent or &s;imple, given with a Purgative, that is, <HI>Mer|curius dulcis,</HI> yet this is done for the &s;ake of ab&s;ter|&s;ion, mundification and diver&s;ion, rather than for a&s;triction. Wherefore it is conveniently given in &s;uch a manner, as that the Ulcer of the <HI>ve&s;icae &s;e|minales,</HI> which ari&s;es of acrimony contracted from impure Coition, may be clean&s;ed, and fitted for con&s;olidation, &s;o that he who would proceed with the&s;e things alone, and exhau&s;t t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e matter, would labour in vain. For then, that is, when the&s;e things have been already u&s;ed, &s;trengtheners, of Agrimony, Strawberry, Succinates, and the like, which makes the lax parts firm, mitigate the acri|mony, and &s;top the fluidity, may commodiou&s;ly be &s;ubjoined.</P>
<P N="20">XX. We mu&s;t not rely on external Oils and Unguents, for wa&s;ting and checking of Seed: For the&s;e very things make the to<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> of the genital parts more lax, and &s;o rather promote than &s;top the Flux. Wherefore <HI>&V;nguentum Ro&s;. Me&s;ues, refri|gerans Galeni,</HI> Oil of Henbane, and other Oils which are u&s;ually commended, have indeed &s;ome|times their place, e&s;pecially anointed on the Loins; but it is better to in&s;i&s;t on internals than the&s;e. Nor will you doe any good by anointing the Stones therewith;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> to &s;ay nothing that Oils heat the Parts.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. <HI>Tinctura vitrioli Martis Saturni&s;ata</HI> commonly called <HI>Antiphthi&s;ica,</HI> according to my experience, &s;ucceeds well, if, in a moi&s;t way <HI>Acetum &s;tillatitium Saturni&s;atum,</HI> or that which has contracted a &s;atu|rated &s;weetne&s;s from the <HI>Minium,</HI> be poured upon <HI>vitriolum Martis,</HI> either poudered or whole: Or, in a dry way, if Vinegar and Spirit of Wine be poured on <HI>vitriolum Martis</HI> and <HI>Saccharum Saturni,</HI> each a like quantity, and mixt together. Pa|tients that are ill of nocturnal Pollutions, do u&s;ually, after taking of this Tincture, e&s;peci|ally in a large and continued do&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> lo&s;e their Ap|petite.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. When onely a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> afflicts a Patient, and the ma&s;s of bloud is not as yet in|fected, the Cure mu&s;t be applied onely to the <HI>Go|norrhoea.</HI> But when the mi&s;chief has crept far|ther, and has infected the whole ma&s;s of bloud, then the univer&s;al cure mu&s;t be premi&s;ed, at lea&s;t joined with it. And a rational cure of a <HI>Gonor|rhoea</HI> will be in&s;i&s;ted on, if we con&s;ider, that it follows an Ulcer in the <HI>Pro&s;tatae</HI> and <HI>ve&s;iculae &s;emina|riae.</HI> For although I do not deny, that onely a debility in tho&s;e parts, does often remain after too much coition, and breeds a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> of ma|ny years continuance; yet no <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> will ever be virulent, unle&s;s be&s;ide the Seed, the bloud al&s;o, that comes for the nutrition of tho&s;e parts, do corrupt into a &s;harp and virulent humour, &s;uch as is u&s;ually voided in a Venereal <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> there|fore called virulent. And that which &s;o corrupts both the Seed and Bloud, will more or le&s;s cor|rupt the containing part al&s;o, and therefore will at length rai&s;e &s;ome &s;ort of Ulcer in it: Since therefore there can be no other part that con|tains the virous matter, be&s;ides the <HI>Pro&s;tatae,</HI> and the <HI>ve&s;iculae &s;eminariae,</HI> they may de&s;ervedly be &s;aid, either one or both of them, to labour of an Ul|cer. A thing that mu&s;t never be pa&s;&s;ed by, when we in&s;i&s;t upon the cure of this Symptome, which will never be happily performed, unle&s;s the Ul|cer be removed, and the Di&s;ea&s;e which this Symptome follows. Therefore in the dogmatical cure of a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> we mu&s;t think of clean&s;ing and healing again of the Ulcer, and of correcting or removing its cau&s;e. The cau&s;e of this Ulcer is a &s;harp and virulent humour, com|municated in Coition, &s;ticking about the&s;e &s;per|matick Ve&s;&s;els, corrupting the Bloud and Seed, and after the Afflux of it when corrupted, re|maining in part in the &s;olid and containing parts, and by the corruption of the new affluent mat|ter perpetuating both the Ulcer and the virulent Flux. He therefore will, according to art, and &s;ucce&s;sfully, cure a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> who fir&s;t corrects that virulent and &s;harp Ferment, which cau&s;ed and maintains the Ulcer, and corrupts the Seed and Bloud; or, who wholly di&s;charges the Body of it. Secondly, who clean&s;es and heals the Ulcer produced by it. And all the Medi|cines that are vulgarly commended in the cure of a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> do an&s;wer the&s;e few in|dications, as he will ea&s;ily ob&s;erve, that con&s;i|ders all the&s;e things with an attentive mind; al|though few, when they are about the Cure, do &s;ufficiently ob&s;erve all the&s;e things, where|fore no wonder, if &s;o often the cure &s;ucceeds either not at all, or but very &s;lowly. Divers Emul&s;ions, which are commonly u&s;ed in this ca&s;e, correct the &s;harp and virulent Humour, and Decoctions, which they call emollient and lenient, being made of Liquori<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h, Barley, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Turpentine it &s;elf, and its Oil, Bal&s;am of <HI>Pe|ru, Oleum de Copiva,</HI> &amp;c. 2. The &s;ame Decoc|tions, in a manner, Emul&s;ions, Oils and <HI>Can|tharides,</HI> &amp;c. do void the &s;ame &s;harp and vi|rulent humour by the way of Urine, while be|ing endued with a Diuretick faculty, they di&s;|charge
<PB N="258" REF="135"> that virulent ferment together with the Urine. And if any Man will but with an at|tentive mind con&s;ider all the&s;e things, he will ea&s;ily find, they are good to temper and ex|pell an acid and &s;harp humour, and therefore that a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> depends upon, and is produced by &s;uch a humour, as we have pro|ved it from all the Symptoms of the Pox, and now do confirm it by Medicines that are pro|per for the Cure of this <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> and &s;uch as are found &s;o onely by Experience. Certainly all things which powerfully alter or correct the humour in a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> are either Aro|maticks, or at lea&s;t do more or le&s;s temper an Acid, among which, Crabs Eyes do not come in the la&s;t place, very nece&s;&s;ary and u&s;efull in curing of this Di&s;ea&s;e. The method therefore of Cure con&s;i&s;ts partly in alteration and tempe|ring of a &s;harp humour, that breeds and main|tains the Ulcer in the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els and Glands, and partly in the Expul&s;ion of the &s;ame with the Urine, when it is more or le&s;s contemperated, as by the next and commodi|ous way: For which purpo&s;e al&s;o &s;udorifick Decoctions, commended in the general Cure of the Pox, may be u&s;ed, becau&s;e they do not onely expell the peccant humours by Urine, but they al&s;o temper the &s;harp and acid. Part|ly in clean&s;ing the Ulcer, and then in con&s;oli|dation of it, both by Turpentine wa&s;ht, and by it boiled, and by its Oil, and by Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru, Oleum de Copiva,</HI> &s;everal &s;orts of Bal|&s;am of Sulphur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Partly in &s;trengthening of the &s;ame Glands, <HI>Pro&s;tatae</HI> and <HI>ve&s;iculae &s;eminales,</HI> that are weakned with this malignant Flux, by gentle A&s;tringents and Aromaticks, things endu|ed at lea&s;t with a fixt Salt, which de&s;troys an Acid, Ca&s;tor, Amber, Myrrh, Ma&s;tick, Co|ral, Bloud-Stone, <HI>Lacca,</HI> &amp;c. to be taken in|wardly: and &s;uch like things, to wit, Oil of Ma&s;tick, and other things to be applied out|wardly to the <HI>Perinaeum.</HI> And in &s;uch a Me|thod a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> will be cured &s;ucce&s;s|fully, which, if neglected, or not well ob|&s;erved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;, <HI>App. Tr.</HI> 3. <HI>Sect.</HI> 332, <HI>&s;eq.</HI></NOTE> &s;ometimes it is rendred in a manner in|curable, and e&s;pecially by rea&s;on of the part extremely weakned with a long Flux.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is very famous both for them that lo&s;e their Seed walking, and in their &s;leep; Take of Seed of Willow &s;even drachms, Cala|minth &s;ix drachms; Seed of white <HI>Vitex</HI> five drachms, Rue half an ounce, Hemlock Seed two drachms. Make it with water into Tro|chi&s;cs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> Give the quantity of a Hazle-nut in five ounces of <HI>Po&s;ca.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. Among noble Confections this is reckoned mo&s;t effectual; Take of Pine Nuts, fir&s;t wa&s;h|ed in water, Pi&s;tachio Nuts, Seed of Cucum|ber, Cucurbite, Rai&s;ins, each half an ounce, Cinamon, Mace, Seed of Ani&s;e, <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus,</HI> each one ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> Camphire one drachm. Make it with Sugar.</P>
<P N="3">3. This Confection wonderfully helps a <HI>Go|norrhoea;</HI> Take of Seeds of Melon two ounces, Cucurbit one ounce, <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Acacia,</HI> Coral, each one drachm, <HI>Been,</HI> white and red, each two &s;cruples. With Sugar make a Confection,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Ca&s;tro.</NOTE> the do&s;e half an ounce, with three ounces of Plantain-water.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is &s;ingular good for a <HI>Gonorrhoea;</HI> Take of Gum-arabick, Tragacanth, <HI>Carabe,</HI> Mumy, Bole Armenick, the mandible of a Pike, each what is &s;ufficient, and with Syrup of dried Ro&s;es, or Myrtle. Make Pills of one &s;cruple in weight. At the fir&s;t time let him take three Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and then one for &s;everal days.</P>
<P N="5">5. I commend this for &s;trengthening of the parts; Take of the whole Ma&s;tick Tree, with the Bark, cut very &s;mall, one ounce and an half. Infu&s;e it in &s;ix pounds of Water, add of juice of Lemons depurated three ounces. Dige&s;t them <HI>in Balneo</HI> twenty four hours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is &s;ix ounces in the morning for &s;everal days toge|ther.</P>
<P N="6">6. One was cured of a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> onely with this Apozeme; Take of Root of Comfrey half an ounce, Plantain, Hor&s;e-tail, Dai&s;ie, Knot|gra&s;s, each one handfull, Sorel one handfull and an half, Seed of Plantain one drachm, Sorel, Mallow, each half an ounce, red Ro&s;e Flowers one pugil, Rai&s;ins half an ounce, &s;craped Liquorice three drachms. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water. To the Colature add of Syrup of Pur|&s;lain, Myrtle, each one ounce and an half.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> Mix them. Make an Apozeme for three do&s;es in the morning.</P>
<P N="7">7. If in a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> the parts be infla|med and pained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> a Catapla&s;m of Leaves of Rue and Dwarf Elder, boiled in Vinegar and applied is a pre&s;ent Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">C. C. de He|redia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. Powder of Ivory pre&s;ently cures a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> whether Gallick, or Legitimate, and other Wo|men's Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="9">9. Natural Bathes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> which have an a&s;tringent faculty, are here very good; or artificial ones, which have the &s;ame virtue.</P>
<P N="10">10. I frequently u&s;e juice of Citron and Lemon with great &s;ucce&s;s, becau&s;e it conduces much to extingui&s;h Seed. Oil of Henbane, if a Woman's Loins and her <HI>Loci</HI> be anointed therewith,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> is com|mended outwardly, and has often been experi|enced by me.</P>
<P N="11">11. Purging premi&s;ed; Take of Wall-Rue one handfull, brui&s;e it, and with a little Flower and one Egg bake it on a Tile into a Cake, yet without Oil and Butter, let the Woman eat this Cake in the morning two days, and her <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> will pre&s;ently be &s;topt.</P>
<P N="12">12. This is an approved Remedy; Take of dried Mint three drachms, Seed of <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus,</HI> Root of <HI>Iris,</HI> Seed of Rue, each one drachm, Seed of Lettuce two drachms and an half, white Sugar one ounce. Mix them. Make a Powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Zechia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> The Do&s;e half an ounce with Chalybeate water, for a Woman's <HI>Gonorrhoea.</HI></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Gurgulionis Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Uvula.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The applying of Powders to it, when &s;welled, &s;ometimes does harm. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it does good? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is grown long, we mu&s;t not ha&s;ten to cut it out. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly cut out. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Imprudently cut off, the Cau&s;e of Death. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Powders are to be preferred before Gargari&s;ms. <HI>VI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1"><PB N="259" REF="135">I. WE mu&s;t have a care, when the Body is impure, or the part affected is trou|bled with an Inflammation and Afflux of Hu|mours, that we do not u&s;e hot and eroding Medicines; as al&s;o if there be any Malignant Quality, bred of an atrabilarious humour, or which &s;avours of a <HI>Cancer:</HI> For Cancrous Ulcers are exa&s;perated and irritated by eroding Medi|cines. In &s;uch I &s;hall rather apply a Medicine made of a&s;hes of Crabs with their <HI>Men&s;truum.</HI> The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> after riding in the hot Sun, was taken with a defluxion upon her <HI>&V;vula</HI> and Jaws. A Barber Chirurgeon was called, who, when he found the <HI>&V;vula</HI> &s;woln, he blew in a very &s;harp, hot Powder, three or four times a day. Hereupon an Inflamma|tion and a very dangerous ab&s;ce&s;s ari&s;ing, not one|ly the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> but al&s;o the Cartilages of the No&s;e were eroded, and Ulcers broke out here and there in the Face. When the Matron's <HI>&V;vula,</HI> by rea|&s;on of the Catarrh, was relaxed and inflamed, and <HI>Aqua Regia</HI> had been indi&s;creetly applied, a great Inflammation there followed, with danger of Life:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 15.</NOTE> A mo&s;t dangerous Quin&s;ey followed up|on applying Powder of long Pepper and Saffron to the Throat and Jaws.</P>
<P N="2">II. But if it degenerate into the form of a Grape, and you &s;ee the <HI>&V;vula</HI> grow narrow up|wards, then you mu&s;t not u&s;e Coolers and Re|&s;tringents any more, but you mu&s;t endeavour with moderate Di&s;&s;olvents, as with a Gargari&s;m onely of hot water, or wherein a little Fenu|greek and Fenil has been boiled, and it mu&s;t be touched with a <HI>Spatula,</HI> &s;trewed with fine Pow|der of Pepper, Cummin and Fenil. Nor need we fear Pepper in this place, for it is often u&s;ed alone with good &s;ucce&s;s, when the <HI>&V;vula</HI> is inflamed. For which rea&s;on, the vulgar dare &s;ay, relying on this Argument, that Pepper is potentially cold, &s;uppo&s;ing that hot things are onely expelled by cold, not knowing that the chief Cure of Inflammations is to be performed by hot things,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus,</HI> l. de Catar|rh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, c. <HI>8.</HI> Sect. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE> di&s;&s;olving that which &s;ticks to the Part.</P>
<P N="3">III. It mu&s;t not immediately be cut off, as the &s;talk begins to grow pale and &s;mall; but &s;ca|rifications mu&s;t be tried fir&s;t, which u&s;ually give pre&s;ent relief to parts that are almo&s;t dead, for a Gangrene will never mortifie any part, if they be applied in time. But in this ca&s;e the <HI>&V;vula</HI> is falling, or already faln, into a Gangrene, and why &s;hould you fear to &s;carifie that, in hopes of re&s;titution, which you are re&s;olved to cut off?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Ab&s;ci&s;&s;ion mu&s;t not be made over precipi|tately, if the cure can be performed by any o|ther means, becau&s;e &s;ometimes by taking it a|way, either the Voice is hurt, or a Con&s;ump|tion follows, or a bleeding is rai&s;ed, which cannot ea&s;ily be &s;topt. But before it be cut off, we mu&s;t &s;ee what the figure and colour of it is. For it mu&s;t not be touched, if it be round in its lower part, and &s;lender above, hanging as it were by a &s;talk: Or, if it be very red, and as it were bloudy, that is, &s;peckled with drops of bloud, or if it cau&s;e pain: For if &s;uch an one be touched, it ea&s;ily turns to a <HI>Carcinoma.</HI> On the contrary, if it be &s;mall and long, and not very red, but whiti&s;h, in the lower part, it may &s;afely be cut off; yet &s;o, as that onely what is preternaturally eminent may be cut off. Not long &s;ince I &s;aw a Chirurgeon pre&s;s the <HI>Co|lumella</HI> with an In&s;trument, called a Crow's Bill, the Patient's Mouth being opened very wide, then with the other hand he clipt off that part of the <HI>Columella</HI> which was below the In&s;trument, and no pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> no Inflammation or Haemorrhagie followed upon it.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Prie&s;t had an Impo&s;thume in his <HI>&V;vula;</HI> a|nother Prie&s;t clipt off his whole <HI>&V;vula</HI> with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers, which being cut off, and the Pati|ent's Body being very plethorick, the bloud and humours fell in &s;uch a quantity on the Brea&s;t, and &s;o great a &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t and Lungs fol|lowed, that the Patient could &s;carce breathe, and finally he could neither &s;pit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vale&s;eus, <HI>c.</HI> 5. <HI>l.</HI> 3.</NOTE> nor rai&s;e from his Brea&s;t, and the third day he was choaked and died.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Although Gargari&s;ms ought to be the &s;ame in the relaxation of the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> as in Ulcers of the Gums and Jaws, in the beginning a&s;tringent and repellent, afterwards re&s;olvent and ex&s;ic|cant; yet where no inflammation is, the u&s;e of Powders is more effectual, for &s;o the a&s;triction and drying is more powerfull.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>I.</HI> For falling down of the <HI>Uvula.</HI></HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take green Nuts and Date-&s;tones, and when you have a mind burn them &s;ufficiently, and take equal parts of them, and powder them dry. You may u&s;e them &s;o:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> They are very di&s;cu&s;|&s;ive.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is an excellent Pla&s;ter, if Bayberries, Penniroyal, wild Marjoram,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> Hor&s;e-mint and Sa|vine be brui&s;ed and boiled in Honey, and applied to the Head &s;haven.</P>
<P N="3">3. I have often tried this Powder does excell mo&s;t Medicines: Take of Pepper, Cinnamon, each half a &s;cruple, Bark of Frankincen&s;e-Tree, Galls, each 1 &s;cruple, red Ro&s;es 2 drachms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Codronchi|us.</NOTE> Make a Powder, wherewith the <HI>&V;vula</HI> mu&s;t be touch|ed.</P>
<P N="4">4. Let the Kernels of Wallnuts be beaten with Spirit of Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and applied to the Coronal Su|ture.</P>
<P N="5">5. For Children, a clean Paper four times dou|ble, wet in equal parts of the Mother's Milk and Rue water, applied to the Crown of the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">John&s;tonus.</NOTE> is good.</P>
<P N="6">6. For a loo&s;e <HI>&V;vula</HI> to dry up the humidi|ty, this is a certain experiment, if a little Saf|fron be put in Man's Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kunrad.</NOTE> and one gargle with it.</P>
<P N="7">7. If the matter be &s;mall, and the Head not very full of Excrements, it is cured onely by touching it with long Pepper. It is beaten ve|ry fine, and the end of the <HI>&V;vula</HI> is touched with it, which being touched twice or thrice, they &s;pit Phlegm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> and it is quickly contracted and made &s;horter.</P>
<P N="8">8. For the falling of the <HI>&V;vula.</HI> Take long Pep|per, Ginger, each half a drachm, Granes of Pa|radi&s;e 1 drachm, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Alume, each half a drachm, <HI>Album Graecum</HI> 2 drachms. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus.</NOTE> Make a Powder which rai&s;es the <HI>&V;vula.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9. Hemp-&s;eed boiled a little in <HI>Po&s;ca,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Stokkerus.</NOTE> &s;trained and u&s;ed for a Gargari&s;m, &s;carce ever fails.</P>
<P N="10">10. Water of Spleenwort is admirable in a &s;ore Throat.</P>
<P N="11">11. An excellent Powder is made of <HI>Album Grae|cum</HI> dried, mixt with other things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Welkardu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> if it be appli|ed to a lax <HI>Columella.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>II.</HI> For Exulceration and Inflammation.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is an excellent Medicine for an Inflam|mation of the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> both in the beginning and in the height: Take of <HI>Rhus Culinarium</HI> 1 ounce, Flowers of Ro&s;es half an ounce, Saffron half a
<PB N="260" REF="136"> drachm, brui&s;e them and powder them. Take half a Spoonfull of this, and di&s;&s;olve it in three ounces of Water and Honey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> and make a Garga|ri&s;m.</P>
<P N="2">2. Some reckon this as a &s;ecret, and believe me, in Ulcers of the Tongue, Mouth and <HI>&V;vula,</HI> it does wonders: Take of common water two ounces and an half, Powder of Sublimate half a drachm. Let them boil till the Sublimate be mel|ted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cortilio.</NOTE> and &s;train it, wherewith touch the ulcera|ted places Morning and Evening.</P>
<P N="3">3. This is a mo&s;t generous Decoction to &s;top the Defluxion; Take Galls, <HI>Rhus Culinarium,</HI> and <HI>coriarium,</HI> Fruits of both the Tamarisks, Flowers and Rind of Pomegranate: All, or any one of the&s;e boiled in Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nicol. Pi&s;o.</NOTE> may be given to gargle withall.</P>
<P N="4">4. I have tried this: Take of Pepper half a drachm, Powder of Venetian Orrice 2 drachms, Juice of Liquorice 1 drachm and an half, Sugar-candy 2 drachms, Honey 1 ounce. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondele<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ius.</NOTE> Make a Lohoch, and lick it.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="8" TYPE="book">
<PB N="261" REF="136">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK VIII. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> H.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Habitus Corporis vitia, Cutanei Affectus;</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Habit of the Body, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Skin. (See <HI>Scabies</HI> BOOK XVI. and <HI>Co&s;meti|ca,</HI> BOOK XIX.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The habit of the body may be vitiated, when the Bowels are not hurt. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud mu&s;t be let &s;paringly. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A grievous Itch requires a cure like that of the Pox. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Striking of it in mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t u&s;e Repellents? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by &s;etting Leeches to the part. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pal&s;ie ari&s;ing upon &s;triking in of Pimples in the face. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pertinacious redne&s;s in the face cured by opening a vein in the Forehead. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters be good for a Pimpled Face? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Sweat be good for a Ring-worm? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding or Purging be good for <HI>Exanthemata? XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blackne&s;s of the fingers cured by a Fume. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we &s;top Sweating of the feet. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In external Pains, a&s;cribed to a Catarrh, bloud letting is con|venient, though the cau&s;e be cold. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Peculiar Republick and Regi|ment is con&s;tituted for the ha|bit of the Body, it has al&s;o its Di&s;ea&s;es, not depending upon the interiour regiment; <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> call it, <GAP DESC="foreign">, or, <HI>The bulk of the whole body.</HI> The Ar|teries and Veins, that reach to the Mu&s;cles and Skin, belong to it. A cutaneous Itch often ari&s;es, when the Bowels offend not at all, which al&s;o is cured onely with externals. It happens al&s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfincciu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> Di&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt. Ana<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. <HI>1283.</HI></NOTE> that a <HI>Scabies ferina</HI> infe&s;ts the Skin, while the Arteries run dreadfull putrefaction, and admini&s;ter matter to it, as they carry impure faeculencies with the bloud, and they not being received nor carried back by the Veins, are left in the Pores.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Hippocrates lib. de Humor.</HI> although he order Re|vul&s;ion in an oppo&s;ite part, does yet except the Humours poured out into the Skin, which he for|bids to be drawn inwards, becau&s;e the inner parts are more noble than the outer: Be&s;ides, becau&s;e humours once poured out to the Skin, get a bad quality, &s;o that if they once go inwards, they ever prove pernicious. Let Phy&s;icians have this rule before their eyes, while they are upon the cure of Di&s;ea&s;es, that infe&s;t the outer Skin, that they let not bloud in &s;uch a quantity, as to make revul&s;ion to the inner parts, le&s;t perhaps it happen, as it did to reverend <HI>N.</HI> who labouring of the Itch, would have 4 pounds of bloud taken from him, by open|ing a Vein: Upon which, that very day, revul&s;ion of the putrid humour being made from the Skin to the greater Veins, by Venae-&s;ection, he was taken with a Malignant fever, which killed him on the fifth day. For in &s;uch Di<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ea&s;es I do not let bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> com. in <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. loc.</NOTE> or in a very &s;mall quantity, both for the rea&s;on above-&s;aid, or becau&s;e a Cacochymie prevails rather than a Plethory.</P>
<P N="3">III. A certain Phy&s;ician cured grievous Itches &s;ucce&s;sfully, which were de&s;paired of by others, onely by giving a powder made of equal parts of <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> Rheubarb and <HI>Senna,</HI> in Broth, for 40 days, and anointing the body onely with <HI>&V;nguentum &egrave; &s;uccis.</HI> For &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es being near of kin to the Pox, do, in a manner, require the &s;ame cure, as formerly <HI>J. B. Montanus</HI> did advi&s;e. Others commend the like powders; as <HI>N. Ma&s;&s;a, p.</HI> 1. <HI>Ep.</HI> 30. does al&s;o com|mend decoctions of Purgatives, mixt with <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">udori|ficks, whom others do follow; though <HI>Rondeletius,
<PB N="262" REF="137"> Sennertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> and <HI>Chalmetaeus</HI> di&s;approve of &s;uch Medicines, who never u&s;ed them, becau&s;e they are inconveni|ent and dangerous, by rea&s;on of contrary motions; which <HI>Ballonius</HI> reckons may be compared to purging in the Dog-days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">V<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l&s;chius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 84.</NOTE> <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Epidem. p.</HI> 41. Yet experi|ence &s;hews they are u&s;efull.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A Boy ten years old was afflicted with the Itch, which ouzed out an ichorous matter: A cold &s;ea&s;on coming on, it was &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, and the filthy matter was turned upon the Lungs, which cau&s;ed a horrible <HI>A&s;th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pachequus ad Riverium <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 53.</NOTE> which cea&s;ed immediately, as the Wind turned to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> South.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Galen</HI> 14. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 17. &s;peaking of the Ringworm, &s;ays, that if but a little excrement be repelled to a principal part, it does no little harm; becau&s;e this is di&s;&s;olved by the bowels, &s;peaking there of a Roman Matron's Ringworm, which would never have been cured by a Medicine of Sea wrack, had not <HI>Galen,</HI> by &s;tealth, put a little Scammony in her Whey, which &s;he drank: The rea&s;on was, becau&s;e there was a great fluxion to the Part. Repellents therefore, before evacuation of the Excrement, al|ways doe harm,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sanctorius</HI> de Remed. Inv. c. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> except in a ca&s;e where it is but &s;mall.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Leeches did a Melancholick woman a great deal of good in a St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s-Fire, which ate her Leg, by drawing the hot and adu&s;t bloud from the next veins, which, till then, did con&s;tantly &s;upply the &s;tubborn Sore. And the bloud being voided, what remained was ea&s;ily cured by Bread &s;oaked in Water onely.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 13.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. One, by rea&s;on of heat in his Liver, was a little troubled with Pimples in his Face; who, be|ing about to Marry a &s;econd time, drove them in with &s;ome Medicines: A little while after he was taken with the Gout,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Salmuth. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 35.</NOTE> then with a Pal&s;ie in both his Arms, and in a &s;hort time he died.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Sometimes redne&s;s of the Face comes from abundance of bloud, that is carried by the great vein, which is in the middle of the Forehead, and flu&s;hes on a &s;udden all over the Face, and &s;trikes in again, but pre&s;ently returns. An Illu&s;trious Coun|te&s;s &s;ent for me on this account, and while &s;he was di&s;cour&s;ing with me, the Bloud immediately flu&s;h|ed out of that vein all over her Face. I ob&s;erv|ing that great vein in her Forehead to be full of bloud, per&s;waded her to let it be opened. I or|dered her hair to be &s;haven a little above the <HI>com|mi&s;&s;ura coronalis,</HI> upon the vein, leaving a little hair on her brow, under the &s;haven place, that it might not disfigure her face, and I ordered a ruptory Me|dicine to be applied to the vein in the &s;haven place, and I told the Chirurgeon, that he &s;hould not let it lye on above one hour, but he let it lye on two, and when it was removed it bloudied all the Chi|rurgeon's face, the effu&s;ion was &s;o violent; who ought to have pre&s;&s;ed the vein from her No&s;e to the Wound, that the bloud, which was in that part, might have been evacuated, and then &s;hould have applied a defen&s;ative upon the place. But he being affrighted, immediately &s;topt the Wound, and bound it, and the bloud, which was in the fore&s;aid place, fell down to the No&s;e, which &s;welled upon it, but was cured by applying a Pla&s;ter. When the Wound was cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrus, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and the Vein, that was ab&s;cind|ed, &s;topt, &s;he was free, and her flu&s;hings vani&s;hed.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Whether are <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters good for a red Face, and for pimpled and copper-no&s;ed Drunk|ards? I An&s;wer, Becau&s;e the&s;e Pimples, or Pu|&s;tules, do for the mo&s;t part depend upon immode|rate heat of the Liver; and the&s;e Waters do great|ly heat the Liver, as is evident in Hydropicks, Ca|checticks, and &s;uch as labour of the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> who&s;e Liver is acknowledged to be cold, and we have &s;een abundance of people cured by heating it with the&s;e Waters; it is certain, that if any Man drink the&s;e Waters any con&s;iderable time, he will go away from the <HI>Spaw</HI> with a far redder and more Pimpled Face, than when he came thither, as I have ob&s;erved in &s;everal. But becau&s;e the&s;e Pimpled Drunkards do always, in a manner, from the adu&s;tion of their Bloud in the Liver, con|tract an ob&s;truction of the Me&s;ara&iuml;ck ve&s;&s;els, &s;ome|times more, &s;ometimes le&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, <HI>p. m.</HI> 156.</NOTE> they may &s;afely drink the <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters about ten days; namely, that when the ob&s;truction is removed by the&s;e opening Wells, the Liver may be reduced to its temper by the help of cold things.</P>
<P N="10">X. Our bu&s;ine&s;s mu&s;t be to carry off by the Cen|tre; for to drive out the excrementitious humours of the whole Body to the circumference, by Hy|droticks, in a particular, not an univer&s;al cutaneous Di&s;ea&s;e, does appear to me not very proper. For the cru&s;ty affection, which &s;eizes a peculiar and ignoble part, may become univer&s;al all the body over.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. There are two con&s;titutions of Di&s;ea&s;es, one who&s;e e&s;&s;ence &s;ub&s;i&s;ts <HI>in facto,</HI> not depending any more on a preceding cau&s;e: From this, as al&s;o from the procatartick cau&s;e, no indication for remedies can be taken, becau&s;e it is vani&s;hed. Another, who&s;e Being depends upon the generation of a preceding and efficient cau&s;e: As the venome com|municated by the bite of a mad Dog, and diffu&s;ed all over the habit of the body, lies hid a long time, till it have infected the nature of the Heart and Bowels, then the caninc madne&s;s quickly &s;hews it &s;elf in the Hydrophobous. In like manner the impurity of the men&s;truous bloud, of which the bowels of the <HI>Embryo</HI> are concrete, that the <HI>foetus</HI> may be nouri&s;hed with the purer part of it, lies hid &s;e|veral years within the bowels, till by its contagion and ebullition with the bloud, it produce the Small Pox and Mea&s;les. Hence it is manife&s;t, that tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, who&s;e Being does not any more depend upon a preceding cau&s;e, and who&s;e matter does not any farther lye deep in the body, mixt with the bloud in the heart and veins, but is entirely ca&s;t out to the external habit of the body, by the &s;trength of Nature, neither &s;tand in need of Purg|ing nor Bleeding, unle&s;s &s;ome portion of the Mat|ter, or di&s;po&s;ition contrary to Nature, do &s;till re|main in the body. Wherefore, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 20. advi&s;ed well. Things that have had a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> and that have had a good <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> we mu&s;t neither meddle nor make with them, either by Purges, or by irri|tating them any other way, but we mu&s;t let them alone. And we find the&s;e entire excretions of the noxious humour, do, for the mo&s;t part, happen in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es, as ari&s;e with an ebullition of the bloud, &s;uch as a Fever with <HI>Buboes,</HI> an <HI>Ephemera,</HI> the Sweating Sickne&s;s, St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s Fire, and children's <HI>Exanthemata.</HI> And it is manife&s;t, that this ebullition is made in the bloud, as in Juices and new Wine, by rea&s;on of watry and crude, or putrid Excre|ments. For &s;ince three kinds of Excrements are contained in the Juices of all natural things; one Earthy, which in Wine is the Lees; another Aerial, which an&s;wers to the flower or top of the Wine; the third, Watry and crude, which fermenting by time and heat, cau&s;es an ebullition in the humours and juices. Thus, &s;ince Children's bowels are nou|ri&s;hed by, and concrete of the Mothers bloud, which, becau&s;e of Womens idle living, and the weakne&s;s of their heat, is more watry and le&s;s con|cocted than it &s;hould; Who is there, that does not think, the tender body of the Child mu&s;t be infect|ed with the contagion and filth of it, and that it mu&s;t abound with &s;uperfluities? Which things, when they grow hot in the ma&s;s of bloud, or in the heart, with a febrile heat, then Nature, like working Mu&s;t, throws off the&s;e dregs to the exter|nal parts of the body, where they become <HI>Exanthe|mata.</HI> Thus al&s;o the bloud in the Liver or Veins, fermenting, with the Putrefaction of either Choler, expells its filth to the ambit of the body, whence come <HI>Buboes</HI> in the Groin, and <HI>Ery&s;ipelata, Serpigines,</HI> Carbuncles and Inflammations in other parts. And
<PB N="263" REF="137"> when the Body by a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> is perfectly purged of noxi|ous humours, which the Urine, the <HI>Serum</HI> of the bloud, being made like to healthy peoples urine, does indicate; then it were needle&s;s for us to purge the bloud, either by bleeding, or a purgative Me|dicine, but the &s;aid <HI>exanthemata,</HI> relicks and &s;ymp|toms, might then rather be ea&s;ily cured by outward remedies, or fomentations. Like as in that long Plague, which raged at <HI>Rome</HI> in <HI>Galen</HI>'s time, <Q>In tho&s;e, <HI>&s;aith he, lib.</HI> 5. <HI>Meth.</HI> who were to e&s;cape death, black Pu&s;tules, which they call <HI>exanthemata,</HI> broke out thick all over the body:</Q> And it was clear to any one that &s;aw it, that this was the re|licks of the bloud, which had putrefied in the Fe|ver, which Nature had ca&s;t out to the skin like a&s;hes; <Q>But, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> there was no need of Medicines for &s;uch <HI>exanthemata,</HI> becau&s;e they went away of them|&s;elves.</Q> Thus al&s;o I have above an hundred times &s;een an Itch, and <HI>oedemata</HI> in the Legs, that have ri|&s;en after a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> of other Fevers, but e&s;pecially of Quartane-Agues, go away of them&s;elves, without any help of Medicines. But if then either bloud had been let, or a Purge given, there had been great danger, le&s;t by tho&s;e veins, whereby the matter of the di&s;ea&s;e had been driven out, it might have been drawn back again to the inner bowels: For a hun|gry Stomach can fetch back the Aliment tra&s;mitted to the bowels and limbs, by the &s;ame ways, and can draw other humours out of the bowels into its ca|vity. But &s;ince this foul a&s;perity of the Skin, vul|garly called the Itch, does ari&s;e of impure chole|rick bloud, or adu&s;t or faeculent, mixt with the liquour of &s;alt Phlegm (&s;uch as the Liver produces through its dy&s;crafie, or often of meats and drinks of a bad juice) which Nature does not throw off all at once, but by degrees, with the Aliment of the body, without any ebullition of the bloud, to the parts of the body, and infects and alters them with its contagion, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that the &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ive regeneration of it depends not onely upon the dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Liver, as upon an internal an|tecedent cau&s;e, but oftentimes upon an ob&s;truction of the Spleen, who&s;e office it is to purge the bloud, and upon the contagion of the Parts; Therefore here it is nece&s;&s;ary, not onely that the bloud be purged, by opening a Vein, and giving purging Phy&s;ick frequently, but al&s;o that the intemperature of the Liver, and ob&s;truction of the Spleen be cor|rected and opened: And then, after the Body has thus been well purged, it will be worth the while, to dry the habit of the Body, al&s;o with Sudorifick Potions of Treacle, or Sulphureous Baths, or with Ointments made of <HI>Mercury;</HI> and &s;o you may rid the outer parts of the Plague of this infection, which they had taken. And &s;eeing the Pu&s;tules and Itch of a new Pox have commonly a great affinity with other <HI>Exanthemata,</HI> which the remedies common to them both do argue; and &s;ince, be&s;ide the exter|nal cau&s;es of contagion, both of them depend upon the internal infection and filth of the corrupt bloud and humours; Who, I pray, even after the Pu&s;tules are driven out to the <HI>Superficies</HI> of the body, will deny,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius, <HI>Ep.</HI> 15 <HI>&amp;</HI> 16. <HI>lib.</HI> 1.</NOTE> that evacuation of bloud, by Phlebotomy and Purging, is of great moment in the cure of either of them?</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Angelica N.</HI> had been &s;everal years troubled with blackne&s;s in her fingers, with a little corrup|tion and parting of the Nails. She was of a cold con&s;titution, heavy and dull. The blackne&s;s was ta|ken away by Tobacco &s;moak, and Ointment there|of,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. eff. p. <HI>159.</HI></NOTE> for that year: But when it returned the next, it was quite taken away with a fume of Cinnabor; &s;o that it never came again.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Sometimes Sweating of the Feet does mi|&s;erably torment Women, which they endeavour to &s;top: For which Di&s;ea&s;e I can ea&s;ily tell them a &s;peedy remedy;<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Panaro|lus, <HI>Pent.</HI> 3. <HI>O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 16.</NOTE> namely, if they put &s;ome powder of Myrtle in their Linen Socks. But let them have a care they do not fall into wor&s;e di&s;ea&s;es, as I have often &s;een. This excretion pre&s;erves from many Di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;hould rather be promoted than check|ed. &para; A Noble German, following the Count of the mo&s;t Serene Prince, advi&s;ed with a Phy&s;ician about the &s;weating and &s;tinking of his Feet. The Phy&s;ician orders him to wear Socks dipt in Red-wine, wherein Alume was di&s;&s;olved, and pre&s;cribes him Pills of Aloes and other things, and an Electua|ry of drying and diaphoretick Medicines, which might keep the body &s;afe from putrefaction and &s;uperfluous humidity. The Socks gave great and pre&s;ent help; for the Soles of his Feet were &s;o thick, that no &s;weat could get out afterwards: But the Pills and Electuary did not an&s;wer the Phy&s;ician's end; In a few Months &s;ome &s;mall faint|ings and unu&s;ual giddine&s;s followed. The Count of the mo&s;t Serene Prince came to <HI>Geneva</HI> in the year 1674, and he de&s;ired a remedy of me for the&s;e trouble&s;ome and dangerous Symptoms. This No|ble per&s;on was not again&s;t &s;uch things as might re|duce him to his former &s;tate. Univer&s;als premi|&s;ed, two I&s;&s;ues were made in his Legs: His Feet were wa&s;hed for a Month in a <HI>Lixivium</HI> made of deter&s;ives and &s;oftners: He walked much, and by the&s;e means his former <HI>effluvium</HI> being recalled, his dreadfull Symptoms cea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Vulgar Phy&s;icians debar every contumaci|ous pain, that afflicts any part of the body, with|out inflammation, the help of bleeding; becau&s;e, as they &s;ay, the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es come of a cold cau&s;e falling from the brain; To which cau&s;e they &s;ubject not onely the &s;aid pains, but al&s;o all Chronical Coughs, concerning all which things, the Phy&s;ici|ans think they have &s;atisfied their enquiring Pati|ents, when they have told them, that the remedy propo&s;ed can by no means be convenient for them, but they mu&s;t onely purge and keep a low diet, and &s;uch things. But that both the Phy&s;icians and Pa|tients are deceived, the thing it &s;elf and examples do &s;hew. Mr. <HI>de Varennes</HI> 75 years old, had a con|tinual lingring pain in his neck and &s;houlders for many Months, which the Phy&s;icians endeavoured to cure by giving of Purges, and applying hot Oint|ments: By which, when he found &s;mall benefit, I told him, I thought Bleeding would doe him good; He on the contrary objected, that he never u&s;ed to be let bloud, that he was old, the Winter was be|ginning, that the Di&s;ea&s;e came of cold humours and wind. But he was forced at la&s;t, by the in|crea&s;e and continuance of his illne&s;s to admit of Bloud-letting. I ordered 10 ounces of bloud to be taken out of the Arm on the &s;ide affected: And in a few days a like quantity on the oppo&s;ite &s;ide, with great benefit; and then again out of the o|ther, and &s;o he was cured. Yet in the mean time we did not neglect the u&s;e of Purgatives, and hot and di&s;cutient Unguents. In &s;uch another contu|macious pain in the neck, with a heavine&s;s of his head; when the Phy&s;icians endeavoured in vain to cure the Reverend <HI>N.</HI> by Purging and other remedies, I cured him, by thrice bleeding him a pound and an half at a time, contrary to the ex|pectation and con&s;ent of other Phy&s;icians. There|fore, in cold Di&s;ea&s;es, or &s;uch as we think to be cold, to ab&s;tain from bleeding is not always good, but &s;ometimes hurtfull. And in contumacious Di|&s;ea&s;es (although they come of cold matter) it is not the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician utterly to ab|&s;tain, or to bleed le&s;s than is proper: Seeing it is certain, that every part of the body is nouri&s;hed by that matter which is in the veins, which the colder and thicker it is, the Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed by that mat|ter mu&s;t needs be rendred more grievous and contumacious. Which matter, we &s;ay,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus,</HI> l. de curat. per S. M. c. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> ought part|ly to be abated by bleeding, and partly by purg|ing and a thin diet, to the end that when the ma&s;s of bloud is purged and renewed, the Di&s;ea&s;e may be cured.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="264" REF="138">
<HEAD><HI>Haemopty&s;is,</HI> or, Spitting of Bloud.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether bloud may be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what place it may be let? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care of bleeding, if it come from bile. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The place for I&s;&s;ues. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> may be provoked in Women that &s;pit bloud? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one complicated with a Pleuri&s;ie. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be carefull in u&s;ing things that di&s;&s;olve clotted bloud. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of them. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Po&s;ca</HI> may be given? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks may be given w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th &s;afety. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long upon internal A&s;tringents. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot and thin things mu&s;t be added to them. <HI>XIII, XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Medical Waters are proper? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eclegmata</HI> doe little good. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirituous and thin things doe no good. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tincture of Corals is &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Scaliger</HI>'s Powder. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Nettle Juice be proper? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of Lin&s;eed-Oil. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not u&s;e every &s;ort of Starch. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Galen</HI>'s way of cure is methodical. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The method of Purging. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the bloud comes out in abundance, we mu&s;t not &s;top it on a &s;udden. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;&s;olution of concrete bloud mu&s;t be promoted, or the con|cretion of it hindred. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Even when the Di&s;ea&s;e is cured, we mu&s;t per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of Medicines. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines agreeable to every individual &s;hould be &s;ought for. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be &s;agacious in enquiring the cau&s;es. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of Revul&s;ion to the mo&s;t di&s;tant parts, for Re|vul&s;ion &s;ake. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>External A&s;tringents are not always proper. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A thin and attenuating Diet is hurtfull. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What kind of Air is proper? <HI>XXXIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THis is a dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e, for the po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ion of life, the bloud, is wa&s;ted: Wherefore here is need of a &s;peedy and &s;trong re|medy, &s;uch is Venae&s;ection. <HI>Galen</HI> let bloud in a young Man, who, having got cold in his Brea&s;t, &s;pate bloud. <HI>Aretaeus</HI> is of the &s;ame judgment; <Q>If, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> the veins be di&s;tended with bloud, one mu&s;t be opened in every profu&s;ion of bloud, whe|ther the bloud come by breaking or ero&s;ion.</Q> It is good al&s;o when rarefaction is the cau&s;e, le&s;t a Vein be broken with the Abundance. <Q>Yet if, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> the Patient be lean, and &s;carce of bloud, do not open a Vein.</Q> <HI>Trallianus</HI> al&s;o prudently ad|vi&s;es;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> l. de morb. P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> <Q>We mu&s;t by all means, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> bleed in the Arm:</Q> But when they &s;pit out bloud hy ero|&s;ion, avoid bleeding, for &s;uch Mens bodies are dry, and inclinable to a con&s;umption.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen.</HI> 5. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 8. opens the inner vein of the Arm, and he opens it again the next day. <HI>Trallianus, l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &s;ays, He did more good by bleeding in the Foot than in the Arm; becau&s;e the revul&s;ion is &s;tronger. <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> and <HI>Avicenna,</HI> for prevention, open the <HI>Saphoena;</HI> for the cure, a vein i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m, and they doe well: For when the mat|ter is fallen upon the Brea&s;t, and is &s;till plentifully falling, &s;o that an inflammation may be feared, a vein opened in the Foot brings help too &s;lowly, therefore we mu&s;t bleed in the Arm. If the bloud come from the Liver, we mu&s;t bleed in the right Arm, according to <HI>Archigenes:</HI> If from the &s;wollen Spleen, in the left <HI>Salvatella,</HI> as al&s;o in the &s;ame, if it come from the Brea&s;t and Lungs without vio|lence. But in Women, we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> the freedom whereof ble&s;&s;es them with many conveniences. And here we mu&s;t u&s;e di|&s;tinction. When it comes at the &s;et time, it is good, and it is &s;carce rai&s;ed at another, if the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> be at hand in a haemopto&iuml;ck Woman, be they &s;uppre&s;&s;ed or not, bleed in the <HI>Saphoena:</HI> So the Phy&s;ician, Na|ture's Servant, will help her, by drawing the bloud to the Womb; whither belongs <HI>Aphor.</HI> 5.32. If the time of the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> be afar off, there is need of di&s;tinction, for if there be &s;igns of bloud being ga|thered about the Womb, and it does not as then fall with violence upon the Brea&s;t, let bloud in the Foot. If it fall with great violence on the Lungs; and be&s;ides, if abundance of bloud be con|tained in the veins of the Womb, the upper and the lower veins both mu&s;t be opened. But when the flux of the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> is at a di&s;tance, a vein mu&s;t fir&s;t be opened in the Arm, which being opened, will give pre&s;ent relief,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nnertus.</NOTE> and cannot be expected from bleeding in the Foot.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Humor.</HI> &s;ays, there are three things that hinder bloud letting in them that &s;pit bloud; The time of the year, a Pleuri&s;ie and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ile. For a Man might think that bloud might be &s;afely let as often as the Spittle appears bloudy, &s;ince thereby it appears, that the Di&s;ea&s;e comes of bloud, and, that a tran&s;mutation is not as yet made, which &s;hould hinder bleeding. The fir&s;t impediment is in the Summer &s;ea&s;on, at which time the Ancients ab&s;tained from letting of bloud for &s;everal rea&s;ons, but e&s;pecially becau&s;e the bloud at that time is thinne&s;t, and next to a bilious humour: Where|fore &s;ince it is yet farther attenuated by bleeding-there is danger, le&s;t by continuance of the Sum|mer's heat, all the bloud be turned into bilious juice. Moreover, at that time Men's bodies eva|porate, and wa&s;te much with the ambient heat, &s;o that they &s;carce &s;eem able to bear bleeding. And if it may be feared in all Di&s;ea&s;es, much more may we fear it in this: For &s;ince it is very likely, at that time the fault of the bloud con&s;i&s;ts, not in the great quantity, but in the bad quality, which makes it thin and &s;harp, its excretion mu&s;t of ne|ce&s;&s;ity be increa&s;ed rather than dimini&s;hed, if it be farther attenuated by letting of bloud. Which rea&s;ons indeed, the more they prevail, while Bile has dominion in the body (which was the &s;econd impediment) &s;o much le&s;s ought bloud to be let; not onely in &s;pitting of bloud, but al&s;o in any o|ther Di&s;ea&s;e, that has its original from Bile,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ianus,</HI> comm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n cit. locum.</NOTE> or takes a Man, who abounds with Bilious juice, &s;o that it is no wonder, if <HI>Hippocrates</HI> never dur&s;t open a Vein in Bilious Per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="4">IV. If &s;trength or age admit not of Bleeding, let Cupping-gla&s;&s;es be applied to the buttocks, loins (if bloud do not proceed from the lower parts) or to the <HI>hypochondria,</HI> not to the brea&s;t. If from the womb, to the lower parts. They that apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the liver or &s;pleen without Scarificati|on, &s;ometimes doe their Patients good, &s;ometimes harm. For if a Vein have been broken in tho&s;e parts by a blow or a fall, and Nature ca&s;t the bloud out thence by the mouth or no&s;e, if you hinder it, you will cau&s;e a great Inflammation in the bowels. But if a Ve&s;&s;el were onely opened, and not broken or eroded, then Cupping-gla&s;&s;es may &s;afely be ap|plied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In Spitting of bloud, which is cau&s;ed by &s;alt Phlegm falling from the head, a Cautery may be made in the coronal future. I do not approve of it in the Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bernardinus Paternus.</NOTE> for &s;o the matter might be drawn down from the head.</P>
<P N="6">VI. When Women &s;pit bloud, <HI>Avicenna, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>fen.</HI> 10. <HI>tr.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 6. orders the <HI>men&s;es</HI> to be provoked: The bloud, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> is inclined downwards in Wo|men, by provoking the <HI>men&s;es</HI> in their hour. But he mu&s;t be under&s;tood of that provoking of the <HI>men&s;es,</HI>
<PB N="265" REF="138"> which is cau&s;ed by means of frictions of the lower parts, applying of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and Bleeding in the <HI>Saphoena,</HI> not of that which is cau&s;ed by ta|king internal Medicines. For otherwi&s;e he would contradict him&s;elf, becau&s;e he forbids &s;uch Patients menagogues, with which the bloud grows hot and thin, ferments, and is rendred &s;harper.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>t.</HI> 44. &s;ays, the Sea&s;on of the year, a Pleuri&s;ie, Bile, are each of them an impediment in them that &s;pit bloud. <HI>Galen</HI> expounds it, as if the&s;e three things hindred Blee|ding, namely, the Sea&s;on of the year, becau&s;e near the Dog-days we ab&s;tain from Bloud-letting: Bile, becau&s;e Venae&s;ection is naught for bilious per&s;ons: A Pleuri&s;ie, becau&s;e if this and Spitting of bloud be complicated, bloud mu&s;t be let according to the rules of a Pleuri&s;ie, not according to the rules of Bloud-letting. But this expo&s;ition is erroneous; for we both let Men bloud in the Dog-days, and when they are cholerick: And, be&s;ides, are not many Haemorrhagies whol&s;ome in Summer time? And grant, that Bile is enraged by letting bloud, this may onely &s;erve to caution us, that, where Bile offends, we let bloud &s;paringly. Upon ac|count of the Pleuri&s;ie a Vein may be opened on ei|ther &s;ide, without any lett, and we may cure the Spitting of bloud aright. <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> is in the right, who under&s;tands this Impediment not to hinder Bleeding, but the Cure &s;imply: As if <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;hould have &s;aid, When any one is ill of Spitting of bloud, the Sea&s;on of the year, either very hot or very cold, is an Impediment, that he cannot &s;o well be cured; becau&s;e an exce&s;s of either Sea|&s;on, heat or cold increa&s;es Spitting of bloud, Cold breaks, Heat makes lax. Then Bile requires the taking of Purgatives, which are aperient and irri|tating. And, la&s;tly, a Pleuri&s;ie cannot otherwi&s;e be cured, than by expectoration, and nothing is bet|ter for Spitting of bloud than quietne&s;s of the brea&s;t: And <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf acknowledges as much, 1. <HI>Aphori&s;m.</HI> 16. <HI>Spitting of bloud,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>and a Pleu|&s;ie, &s;tand in need of a contrary Cure.</HI> Moreover, where|as Spitting of bloud is cau&s;ed either by <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is,</HI> or by <HI>Diaere&s;is,</HI> or by <HI>Diabro&s;is,</HI> or by <HI>Diapede&s;is,</HI> the&s;e 3 Impediments hinder the Cure of them all. Fir&s;t, a hot time of the year hurts an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is,</HI> as al&s;o it may hurt the Flux, which comes by <HI>Diapede&s;is,</HI> all the pa&s;&s;ages and mouths of the Veins being made lax, and the bloud &s;harp and hot. Cold hurts a Flux by <HI>Diaere&s;is,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>t.</HI> 14. For Cold breaks the Veins and provokes a Cough, the Cough al&s;o breaks them by Concu&s;&s;ion. The &s;econd Impe|diment is Bile, which by its corro&s;ion hinders the Cure of the Flux of bloud by <HI>Diabro&s;is;</HI> for what Cure can there be where the Cau&s;e &s;till is, that augments the Di&s;ea&s;e? The third is a Pleuri&s;ie, which, if it happen with Spitting of bloud, gives and receives an Impediment, &s;o that the one can|not be cured without the other. I do not here &s;peak of Spitting of bloud, which appears in a &s;an|guineous Pleuri&s;ie, as yellow Spittle does in a bi|lious one; but of a Patient fir&s;t taken with a Spit|ting of bloud, and afterwards with a Pleuri&s;ie. The&s;e two Di&s;ea&s;es mutually increa&s;e and hinder one the other in their Cure: They increa&s;e one the other; for a Pleuri&s;ie cau&s;es a Cough, which hurts them that &s;pit bloud: Again, Spitting of bloud makes the parts in the Brea&s;t weak and ea&s;ily &s;u&s;ceptive, whereby the Pleuri&s;ie is furni&s;hed with greater &s;tore of matter: They hinder one another in Cure; for a Pleuri&s;ie cannot otherwi&s;e be cured than by Expectoraters, as <HI>Oxymel,</HI> otherwi&s;e there is dan|ger of Suffocation by keeping the Spittle; which cure is contrary to that which is proper for Spitting of bloud, for which quietne&s;s is altogether pro|per; nor may the Cough be &s;topt, though it may break the Ve&s;&s;els. Here the Phy&s;ician is at a &s;tand, and <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>Aphori&s;m.</HI> 16. &s;ays, he mu&s;t take care of that which is mo&s;t urgent. But I would offer him a Patient in whom both Maladies were extreme urgent, who&s;e Spitting of bloud endangered his bleeding to death. And if the Pleuri&s;ie were not purged, there would be danger of &s;trangling. Here a Phy&s;ician would not know what to doe. While I was con&s;idering with my &s;elf this Difficulty, it came into my mind, that both Cures might agree &s;ometimes, namely, If the matter of the Pleuri&s;ie be &s;till crude and thin, if the Bloud al&s;o &s;weat through becau&s;e of tenuity, or make its way by its Acrimony; for then, both the Pleuri&s;ie, and the Spitting of bloud, require incra&s;&s;ating things. The Pleuri&s;ie indeed, that it may ea&s;ily be rai&s;ed by Spittle, becau&s;e it is brought up by impul&s;e, to wit, by Cough, which is done more conveniently, where &s;ome re&s;i&s;tence is: for a thin humour, when it is rai&s;ed, is divided by the breath, and falls back in coughing: And Spitting of bloud, if it come from tenuity and acrimony, could be mode|rated no way better, than by thickning it. But if the matter of the Pleuri&s;ie &s;tick, not through thin|ne&s;s, but vi&s;cidity, then, becau&s;e we mu&s;t needs hurt the Spitting of bloud in curing the Pleuri&s;ie (for we want Inciders) it mu&s;t be done moderate|ly, and not without giving the Progno&s;tick fir&s;t: For here the ca&s;e is almo&s;t deplorable;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Step. Rod. Ca&s;tr. <HI>de Complexu morb.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 22.</NOTE> yet not &s;o as that the Patient &s;hould be given over, and left to the Progno&s;tick.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Difficulty is, at what time we &s;hould u&s;e things to di&s;&s;olve clotted bloud, for they open the Ve&s;&s;els, not &s;hut them. Therefore we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether the violent Bleeding or the Con|cretion of the bloud be more violent. If there be a breach of the Ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs, or fear of Inflammation; or if the bloud come violently, it mu&s;t pre&s;ently be &s;topt; but when it is partly &s;topt, that is, when the Bloud does not come &s;o fa&s;t, or its colour is not &s;o florid, things to di&s;&s;olve the gru|mous bloud are proper, after which we mu&s;t pro|ceed to glutinating things, or to &s;uch as con&s;i&s;t of both, that is, <HI>Oxymel</HI> and Syrup of Pur&s;lain with Bole-armenick. But if Spitting of bloud follow the breaking of the Ve&s;&s;els of the brea&s;t, becau&s;e from thence there is no danger of a Con&s;umption, the Bloud mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved and di&s;charged before agglutination. There mu&s;t be the &s;ame method, and we mu&s;t endeavour the di&s;&s;olution of the con|crete bloud, if it come from an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is</HI> of the Ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs, for there is no fear of an In|flammation. <HI>Aretaeus</HI> advi&s;es that tho&s;e things which are given, mu&s;t be tenacious, to the end Concre|tion may &s;ucceed. Among &s;uch things Hare's Ren|net is commended, which mu&s;t be given &s;paringly; for a great deal of it is mortal, as the &s;ame <HI>Aretae|us</HI> &s;ays.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Grumous bloud mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved in the be|ginning, le&s;t glutination be hindred, which may be done by taking three or four ounces of warm Oxy|crate twice or thrice a-day. But it mu&s;t be &s;o made, as that it may be plea&s;ant to drink, le&s;t too much Vinegar cau&s;e a Cough. If this will doe nothing, we mu&s;t proceed to &s;tronger things, as Rennet of Hare, Kid, Crabs-eyes, Mumy, <HI>Sperma ceti, An|timonium diaphoreticum.</HI> The&s;e things mu&s;t be given at the beginning, if it come from an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is:</HI> But if from Rupture, the Flux mu&s;t fir&s;t be &s;topt, for it is more urgent than Concretion, and then the Bloud mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> allow <HI>Po&s;ca,</HI> onely <HI>Averroes</HI> con|demns it, becau&s;e, &s;eeing it is made of Vinegar diluted with Water, upon account of the Vinegar it is hurtfull both for the Cau&s;e and the Di&s;ea&s;e, it rai&s;ing a Cough and increa&s;ing the Fluxion by extenuation of the bloud. Indeed, before the bloud congeals into clods, it mu&s;t not be u&s;ed, le&s;t we run hazards. But when it is clotted, and mortal Symptoms are imminent from it, upon account of the urgency it may be given, if there be no Cough, in re&s;pect whereof it is better to u&s;e Rennets,
<PB N="266" REF="139"> Treacle, <HI>Diacurcuma</HI> with Scabious water, and a De|coction of Maiden-hair, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. If Bloud be not &s;topt with A&s;tringents and Glutinants, we mu&s;t flye to Narcoticks, which in|cra&s;&s;ate thin humours, and cau&s;e a &s;leep, which &s;tops all fluxions. For Experience has taught us, that Pills of <HI>Opium,</HI> made for the purpo&s;e, never hurt any one, if &s;o be the quantity were accommo|dated to every ones Nature, and not given but to &s;trong Con&s;titutions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. If Bloud retained in the Lungs by the u&s;e of A&s;tringents begin to putrefie, give opening and di&s;|&s;olving things, that the black and filthy bloud may come out,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI> l de Morb. Pect.</NOTE> and afterwards the part may be clean|&s;ed, and cured by glutinant Medicines. &para; When a Patient &s;pits bloud with his Cough, two Indica|tions are urgent, for through nece&s;&s;ity of re&s;pirati|on the Wings of the Lungs ought to expand them|&s;elves, wherefore there is need of expectoration: But effu&s;ion of bloud forces us to endeavour a&s;tric|tion of the brea&s;t: <HI>Syrupus myrtinus</HI> has a certain ad|mirable property of an&s;wering both the&s;e ends: Syrup of Pur&s;lane may be added,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Meth. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> to thicken the bloud.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. All A&s;tringents contract and clo&s;e the pa&s;|&s;ages; and, be&s;ides, they knit and bind the &s;ub&s;tance of the parts, that &s;tick one to another: and they doe this more or le&s;s according to the quantity of A&s;triction. But by a&s;tringing and conden&s;ing the out&s;ide of the body, which they a&s;tringe, their vir|tue is &s;hut out, and hindred from going deep in. For which rea&s;on &s;ome Phy&s;icians have curiou&s;ly contrived to put other &s;ubtile and &s;harp Medicines into &s;uch as the&s;e, whereby the virtue of A&s;trin|gents may be carried deep into the body: But when the Bleeding happens in places about the Sto|mach or Belly, or Guts, there is no need of &s;uch a mixture of Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galenus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Concerning a methodical Cure, <HI>Galen</HI>'s ad|vice, 4. <HI>m. m.</HI> and 7. <HI>de comp. med.</HI> K. T. to wit, that both hot Medicines and of thin parts mu&s;t be mixt with Medicines for Spitting of bloud, that the a|&s;tringent Medicines may better be di&s;tributed: therefore he advi&s;es to mix Honey. He has a mind to intimate, that Medicines earthy and of a thick &s;ub&s;tance, which onely &s;top, breed anxiety at the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">W. Wedeli|us, <HI>Mi&s;c. cur|an.</HI> 1671. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 43.</NOTE> and difficulty of breathing, mu&s;t not be gi|ven; but &s;uch as leave the motion free to the Air, and check the efferve&s;cent bloud.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Concerning Spitting of bloud, I will tell you what I ob&s;erved while I was in <HI>Tu&s;cany</HI> at the Baths called <HI>Villen&s;es.</HI> I &s;ay therefore, I &s;aw &s;eve|ral cured of Spitting of bloud and pre&s;erved from a Con&s;umption by drinking of tho&s;e Waters: but I ob&s;erved one thing worth the notice, which is, that they who drank the Water for Spitting of bloud, and pre&s;ently voided the Water by &s;tool, their drinking it did them no good: But they that kept it three hours, and then voided it, not by &s;tool, but by urine, it did them much good. Whence I ga|ther, that unle&s;s the Water pa&s;s by the Veins, it does no good for Spitting of bloud, nor pre|&s;erves from a Con&s;umption: And that it may pa&s;s by the Veins, it is required, that it pa&s;s not pre|&s;ently.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fallopius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. That the aperture of the Ve&s;&s;el may be clo&s;ed, A&s;tringent and agglutinant Medicines are very proper: The chief of the&s;e is u&s;ually given in form of a <HI>Linctus,</HI> &s;o that in &s;wallowing them, &s;ome particles of them may fall upon the <HI>a&s;pera-Arte|ria,</HI> and more immediately communicate their vir|tue to the part affected. But this way of energy &s;eems not to be of much moment, becau&s;e the ef|ficacy of the&s;e Medicines does e&s;pecially and in a manner onely reach the &s;eat of the Di&s;ea&s;e by the communication of the bloud. Wherefore not one|ly <HI>Eclegmata,</HI> but al&s;o Decoctions, Powders and Pills, of Traumaticks and Bal&s;amicks, are beneficially pre&s;cribed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. In Spitting of bloud, and in tho&s;e Di&s;ea|&s;es where we want a&s;triction and &s;trengthning, &s;pi|rituous, attenuant, aperient and &s;harp things are &s;u|&s;pected: But incra&s;&s;ating and earthy things, which do not con&s;i&s;t in the &s;pirituous part, but in the ve|ry matter and corporeal &s;ub&s;tance, &s;eem nece&s;&s;ary. Wherefore if Corals doe any good in &s;uch ca&s;es, they doe it by their earthy corporeity, whereby they moderately cool and a&s;tringe, and perhaps moreover by &s;ome occult quality, which yet with|out doubt adheres to the whole &s;ub&s;tance. Entire and &s;ub&s;tantial Medicines, if you &s;eparate them from their proper body, do often put on an aliene and far different body, and &s;o what before did good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Ign. Theirmuir. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>lib.</HI> 2.</NOTE> do now cea&s;e to doe good, or even begin to doe harm.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Hence we may give a judgment of Tinc|ture of Corals, in which Arti&s;ts in Chymi&s;try think that virtue is e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">inently vigorous, which is attribu|ted to the whole Coral, that is, while the pure be|ing &s;eparated from the impure and its dregs, does far more ea&s;ily exert its virtues. Now <HI>Dio&s;corides, l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 97. a&s;&s;igns to it a virtue moderately a&s;trin|gent, cooling, and of great efficacy again&s;t Blee|dings. But concerning its Tincture, hear <HI>Ph. Grulin|gius</HI> his opinion <HI>in &s;uo Florileg. Hipp.</HI> &amp;c. <HI>par.</HI> 19. <HI>c.</HI> 3. In the preparation of Coral, Pearl, and pretious Stones, let every one have a care he be not decei|ved, and reckon he has the true Tincture, when he has onely a fal&s;e and aliene one, or that he has obtained the <HI>men&s;truum.</HI> For there are &s;ome Tinc|tures, as of <HI>lapis Lazuli,</HI> which in redne&s;s may vye with Tincture of Corals: And there are &s;ome <HI>men|&s;trua</HI> that grow red of them&s;elves: Thus &s;ome do not blu&s;h to give Spirit of Vitriol tinged with red Ro&s;es for the coralline Tincture. Although there|fore the Tincture of Corals, &s;o called, often have a colour red enough, and the Coral be left in the bottom white; yet it acquires this colour either from the Salt of the Vinegar, as <HI>Sennertus</HI> will have it; or from the &s;ulphureous part of this Salt, which ea&s;ily joins it &s;elf with the Spirit of Wine, by rea&s;on of its cognation, as appears in the Tinc|ture of Salt of Tartar, or by long Dige&s;tion, by benefit whereof many <HI>men&s;trua</HI> grow red; and the Corals, which after extraction appear white, do in a little while after receive their red colour, nor had they lo&s;t their inner colour; yea, the &s;ame Tincture may be made of white Coral and Crabs-eyes with the like <HI>men&s;trua.</HI> It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved be|&s;ides, that in the common &s;olutions of Corals Spi|rit of Honey is taken for the <HI>men&s;truum,</HI> which by its acrimony di&s;&s;olves Gold a little: Therefore I can|not &s;ee, how this coralline Liquour, whatever it be, or any other like it, con&s;i&s;ting of Spirit of Wine, Salt of Tartar, Vinegar and the like, can doe good: For for the mo&s;t part they an&s;wer not the intenti|ons, they do not contemper, nor a&s;tringe, nor con|&s;olidate, nor &s;top bloud; but they make thin the humours, &s;harpen, open, and now and then taken largely and incon&s;iderately they inflame, cau&s;e thir&s;t, and by their acrimony do not a little of|fend the parts which they immediately touch. You may add to all, the mi&s;chievous avarice of the Apo|thecaries, who, to increa&s;e their Tincture of Co|rals, mix the Corals with Sugar in a Frying-pan, and ro&s;t them to redne&s;s, then by dige&s;tion they di&s;&s;olve them in &s;ome <HI>men&s;truum,</HI> and draw not &s;o much a Tincture of Corals, as of ro&s;ted Sugar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Bloud is &s;topt by <HI>Scaliger</HI> and <HI>Heurnius</HI> their Powder, the Ingredients whereof are Seed of white Popy, white Henbane and Bloud-&s;tone. But the u&s;e of it mu&s;t not be long continued,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 21.</NOTE> becau&s;e of the Henbane-&s;eed, which is very hurt|full.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Some, as on experience, do recommend Nettle-juice in the morning for &s;everal days: But there are not a few things which render the truth of this &s;u&s;pected by me, and though the kind, of
<PB N="267" REF="139"> which there are &s;everal, be not determined, I be|lieve it is the common &s;tinging Nettle that is meant: But, 1. This is of very &s;ubtile parts and of a dige|&s;ting nature, wherefore, according to <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> it opens, moves Urine, and egregiou&s;ly forces Wo|men's ob&s;tructed <HI>men&s;es.</HI> 2. Taken inwardly, it is of a &s;harp, ab&s;ter&s;ive, titillating quality. 3. The Seed is in frequent u&s;e for rai&s;ing of thick and vi|&s;cid humours, yea, even of <HI>Pus</HI> in an <HI>Empyema</HI> of the Brea&s;t. 4. It and its Seed, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> has &s;ome flatulency in it, and is &s;aid to &s;timulate <HI>Venus.</HI> If the Nettle therefore be of &s;uch &s;ubtile parts, as to open, force the <HI>men&s;es</HI> and urine, by titillati|on to give a &s;tool, by its &s;harp flatulency to provoke lu&s;t, and if the Seed for its exce&s;&s;ive heat be recko|ned among eroding things, how can the drinking of 4 ounces of the Juice for &s;everal days one after another doe good in this ca&s;e? But I think it is good for haemopto&iuml;ck and empyematick per&s;ons, namely, that the extrava&s;ated bloud, coagulated in the Brea&s;t of them that have been long ill, or turned into <HI>pus,</HI> may be timely deterged and expectorated. Wherefore I cannot &s;ay, it is probable, that the Juice of Stinging-nettle does good in the beginning for Spitting of bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iermair,</HI> ubi &s;upra.</NOTE> as a peculiar Remedy that &s;tops bloud.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. In other ca&s;es Lin&s;eed-oil is commended to be of great virtue, as in a Peripneumony, Phthi|&s;ick, Colick, but e&s;pecially in a Pleuri&s;ie, accor|ding to <HI>Ge&s;ner,</HI> 1. <HI>Ep.</HI> 49. <HI>I,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>have &s;everal times experienced, that there is nothing better in the&s;e pleu|ritick Pains than to drink Lin&s;eed-oil, and this pre&s;ently ea|&s;ed re&s;piration, and promoted &s;pitting.</HI> Therefore it is carefully &s;aved among us clarified in the Sun, which clarifying is better than that which is made by <HI>lixi|vium</HI> or a ro&s;ted Onyon. By anointing their Belly therewith, or by covering it with a linen cloth wet in it, they make the Belly loo&s;e; but I no where ob&s;erve that it does good for Spitting of bloud. Yet in the beginning of the year 1675. I often vi|&s;ited a Woman fifty years old, who had her <HI>men&s;trua</HI> a long time, not largely, but continually, and then &s;he was troubled with a grievous catarrh, of which, by my advice, &s;he was cured with a De|coction of Ground-ivy, Chervil, Lungwort, Wood-bine, Liquorice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Once, early in the morning, I was called to her, I found, to my amazement, &s;he had voided above a Pint of florid bloud, &s;uch as u&s;ually comes from the Lungs; &s;he had &s;pate it up between 4 and 5 in the morning, I immediately or|dered a Vein to be opened in the Arm, and I gave her &s;ome drops of the Tincture of Bloud-&s;tone, in <HI>Syrupus de Symphyto Fernelii:</HI> But her Spitting of bloud returned again towards night, the Patient refu|&s;ing to take any thing, Lin&s;eed-oil came into my mind, which plea&s;ed her, &s;he took one &s;poonfull, and by continuing the u&s;e of it for &s;everal days, &s;he recovered. I believe the Spitting of bloud aro&s;e from &s;ome Vein broken in her Lungs, which was healed by the bal&s;amick and empla&s;tick virtue of the Lin&s;eed-oil. I tried it in others afterwards, not without &s;ucce&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Car. Rayer, <HI>m. c. an.</HI> 76. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 209.</NOTE> giving fir&s;t the Tincture of Bloud-&s;tone.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Starch is good, becau&s;e empla&s;tick, be|cau&s;e it &s;tops the gaping ve&s;&s;els, and thickens the humours, for it is the Juice of Wheat, fir&s;t &s;teeped in Water, and then &s;trained out. But we mu&s;t ab|&s;tain from that which is made of Bran &s;teeped in Water and &s;trained out, for &s;uch is rather opening and ab&s;ter&s;ive. The wor&s;t is that, which, to make it white, has Lime mixt with it, becau&s;e it is in|flaming and opens rather than &s;huts the mouths of the ve&s;&s;els.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. I have cured &s;everal of Spitting of bloud, before they fell into a Con&s;umption. The Cure was &s;uch as is de&s;cribed by <HI>Galen, l.</HI> 5. <HI>Meth.</HI> this one thing added, I applied linen clothes wet in Juice of Plantain to the Kidneys, by which means I cu|red a Man almo&s;t &s;eventy years old, who had voi|ded above ten pounds of bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cardanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. If the Bloud be very watry and &s;erous, as it u&s;ually is in all Haemorrhagies; when the Spit|ting of bloud is &s;topt, 1 &s;cruple of Powder of Rheubarb is convenient every day in the morning, an hour before break-fa&s;t: For thus the bloud, when the &s;erous humours of it are purged by de|grees, may recover its pri&s;tine thickne&s;s:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Cae&s;alpians</HI> in Ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ro Art. Med. l. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> Or one drachm of Rheubarb may be taken once a week. Otherwi&s;e all Purgatives in this ca&s;e mu&s;t be a|voided. &para; When all things are done, as to revul|&s;ion and interception, we mu&s;t proceed to evacuati|on of excrements. And though <HI>Galen</HI> gave &s;trong Purges, yet it becomes us to be content with im|mature Rheubarb, and &s;hells of citrin Mirobalans and <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia;</HI> Yea, onely with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> and Pulp of Ta|marinds, till the Ulcer be perfectly healed: For o|therwi&s;e there would be danger, le&s;t by the agita|tion of the humours the bloud might bur&s;t out a|gain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 15. <HI>cent.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">2.</NOTE> and the Ulcer might contract an Inflammati|on from hotter Medicines.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Stopping of the bloud mu&s;t not be attemp|ted with very a&s;tringent things, when it is voided in abundance by the Throat. For by the u&s;e of them and coagulating things, it congeals out of the Veins, &s;ticks by the way, and &s;o u&s;es to choak a Man out of hand.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, con&s;. <HI>25.</HI> cent. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Bloud, whence&s;oever it comes into the <HI>a&s;pera Arteria,</HI> that it may not coagulate there, and then corrupt, mu&s;t immediately be kept di&s;&s;olved with convenient Medicines, or mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved a|gain, and voided. To which purpo&s;e Crabs-eyes with <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> mu&s;t be preferred above many other Medicines, di&s;&s;olved, in part at lea&s;t, in a little di&s;tilled Vinegar, and taken with the ad|dition of gratefull things; for in this ca&s;e they perfectly doe the work; for example, Take of Wa|ter of Hy&s;&s;op, Fenil, each 1 ounce; <HI>Aqua vitae Mat|thioli</HI> 2 drachms, di&s;tilled Vinegar half an ounce, Crabs-eyes half a drachm, <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> 1 &s;cruple, Syrup of Maiden-hair 1 ounce. Mix them. But in &s;uch mixtures that have Crabs-eyes di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar in them, we mu&s;t have a care we add not Syrups made of mucilages, &s;uch as <HI>de Althaea Fernelii, Jujubinus,</HI> of Violets, and the like; becau&s;e either immediately, or in a little time they grow thick as mucilage, and unfit for u&s;e, which they will not &s;o ea&s;ily doe, if Syrups made of aro|matick things be made u&s;e of, e&s;pecially new, for &s;everal in tract of time grow vi&s;cid.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. When from the proper affection of the Lungs either pure bloud or corrupted and turned into <HI>pus,</HI> is voided, there is great danger, where|fore we mu&s;t make the more ha&s;te to cure it, le&s;t the opportunity be lo&s;t by procra&s;tination: For the &s;ingular &s;ub&s;tance of the Lungs is ea&s;ily infected and corrupted, but is difficultly re&s;tored. We mu&s;t not de&s;i&s;t therefore from the u&s;e of Medicines, that cure the flux of bloud out of the broken ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs, and the corruption of it, till the Di&s;ea&s;e be perfectly cured. Nay, I &s;hould advi&s;e, that for &s;ome time after the Di&s;ea&s;e were cured, as to ap|pearance, the Patient &s;hould continue in the mo|derate u&s;e of gentle Medicines, to the end that, the part once affected, and therefore again ea&s;ie to be affected, may be &s;trengthned again&s;t the co|ming of the Di&s;ea&s;e anew.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. But like as always in other ca&s;es, &s;o here al&s;o we mu&s;t take diligent notice of Medi|cines that are mo&s;t agreeable to every individual, that &s;uch may be preferred before all others, and the u&s;e of them may be continued, as long as they doe good. But as &s;oon as they are ob&s;erved not to doe much good, others mu&s;t be &s;ub&s;tituted in their room, and the Patients health mu&s;t be promoted by all means.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Spitting of bloud with a Cough impo&s;es on good Phy&s;icians. They are deceived by all the Signs, and think it comes from the Lungs, when it falls from the Head, or comes from the <HI>vena azugos,</HI>
<PB N="268" REF="140"> by rea&s;on of &s;ome evacuation being intercepted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius, <HI>com. in Aph.</HI> 15. 7.</NOTE> and is expectorated. &para; One had been troubled with much Spitting of bloud for a long time, and could be cured by no Remedies. And he complai|ned onely of &s;omething like a Lump of fle&s;h, that &s;tuck in his Throat. At length, when the Patient had mounted a mettle&s;ome Hor&s;e, he was taken with &s;o violent a Cough,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 24.</NOTE> that he voided a Leech by the violence of it, upon which he was quickly well. &para; Many Phy&s;icians ask their Patients, Whether they find any &s;alt or &s;harp ta&s;te in their Catarrh? If they &s;ay, No, they immediately pronounce, that the Bloud cannot be &s;pit out of the Brea&s;t and Lungs. But <HI>Galen,</HI> 4. <HI>loc. affect.</HI> 8. refutes them, &s;aying, that many become con&s;umptive, when the Spittle does not ta&s;te &s;alt at all: Therefore it may &s;o be, that a putrid matter, but not &s;harp, may putrefie the ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs and con&s;ume them by ero&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> &s;o that bloud may be voided. &para; <HI>Prae|votius</HI> ob&s;erved Spitting of bloud without Coughing, as if with a certain expiration: for bloud of a tem|perate &s;ub&s;tance, is ea&s;ily voided, and therefore without coughing, ju&s;t as a di&s;tillation is carried through the cavity of the <HI>a&s;pera arteria</HI> without coughing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 30.</NOTE> the &s;ides of the Artery not being irriga|ted thereby.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. When <HI>Spigelius</HI> had healed up an Ulcer in a Girl nine years old, at the reque&s;t of her Parents, a little while after &s;he &s;pate bloud. He was &s;ent for to advi&s;e: He made an I&s;&s;ue in the place where the Ulcer had been, and gave her a Decoction; and not onely pre&s;erved the Girl from a Con&s;ump|tion, but reduced her to a much better &s;tate: and &s;he lived a long time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, cent. <HI>1.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>30.</HI></NOTE> Therefore we mu&s;t diligent|ly con&s;ider the con&s;ent of the Veins and Arteries.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. We mu&s;t have a care, while we would doe good, that we doe not a great deal of harm: for <HI>Galen, lib. de con&s;t. art. c.</HI> 17. &s;ays, <Q>I know they doe a great deal of hurt, who in &s;uch as cough bloud out of their Lungs, apply a&s;tringent Medi|cines all over the Brea&s;t: for, be&s;ides that their virtue does not reach to the Lungs, they al&s;o drive the bloud in the Brea&s;t to the Lungs.</Q> He thinks the &s;ame, <HI>lib.</HI> 5. <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 6. of cold things without a&s;triction. Yet the&s;e pa&s;&s;ages mu&s;t not be &s;o under&s;tood, as if they could never be u&s;ed; for after derivation or revul&s;ion of the fluxion is made, they may be applied by <HI>Galen</HI>'s own conce&s;&s;ion, in the &s;ame place, <Q>Therefore, <HI>&s;ays he,</HI> I would not advi&s;e without difference, nor at all times, to apply cooling things about the part whence the bloud flowes, till after you have averted it to another place.</Q> Al&s;o the application of a&s;trin|gents is hurtfull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 17. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> if &s;traitne&s;s or compre&s;&s;ion, or a|ny difficulty of breathing accompany it.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. The cour&s;e of Diet, as it mu&s;t not be very &s;pare, &s;o by no means attenuating, but ve|ry incra&s;&s;ating: for Men are very much mi&s;taken with <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratus,</HI> who think a &s;pare Diet is proper in the&s;e ca&s;es, to the end the abundance of bloud may be dimini&s;hed, for &s;o it is made more thin, bilious, turbulent and ever more ready for efflux.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. One would think a cold Air &s;hould be avoided, both becau&s;e by its violence &s;ome ve&s;&s;el is often broken in the Lungs, and becau&s;e it may oc|ca&s;ion a Cough, which may open the Vein farther. But in truth there is greater danger in a hot Air, becau&s;e by dilatation it may augment the flux, and by the diuturnity of the flux the dilatation is grea|ter: but the Cough, occa&s;ioned by the cold Air, may ea&s;ily be &s;topt by holding ones breath: Nor does our dome&s;tick Air &s;o much &s;traiten by its Cold, as to endanger the breaking of any Ve&s;&s;els: be|cau&s;e a cold Air is onely apt to doe that, when there is great plenitude in the body, which when taken away, there is no danger at all.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. For Stopping of bloud, it is very good to dip the <HI>Scrotum</HI> in cold water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. The following Electuary is admirable for the Stopping of bloud; Take of Seed of Henbane, white Popy, each 10 drachms; <HI>Terra &s;igillata,</HI> red Coral, each 5 drachms; old Sugar of Ro&s;es what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Make an Electuary.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Scaliger</HI>'s Haemopto&iuml;ck Powder; Take of burnt Ivory, red Ro&s;es, Bole-armenick, Bloud-&s;tone, <HI>Terra figillata,</HI> each 5 drachms, red Coral, Pearl not per|forated, <HI>Carabe,</HI> each 2 drachms; Gum-arabick, Tragacanth, each 2 drachms; Seed of white Popy, red Ro&s;es, Mallowes, Pur&s;lain, Plantain, burnt Hart&s;|horn, each 2 drachms; <HI>Acacia,</HI> Juice of Liquorice, each 2 drachms; dried Starch 3 drachms. Mix them. Make a Powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deod<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. A drachm of <HI>Philonium Per&s;icum</HI> in Plantain and Pur&s;lain water given before meal, has done many good, in Spitting of bloud, when no other Me|dicines would doe any; as al&s;o a Decoction of Ju|jubes cold, wherein hot Steel has been quenched. &para; I gave one a drachm of Bloud-&s;tone finely pow|dered, and it did him a great deal of good. I have al&s;o taken the &s;ame Stone finely powdered, wa&s;hed much in Plantain and Shepherds-pur&s;e water, and then &s;trained it, that the water might acquire red|ne&s;s, and mixt it with Syrup of Pur&s;lain and Myr|tle, and &s;o gave it for Spitting of bloud. &para; Sy|rup and Lohoch of Pur&s;lain are both very good for Spitting of bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. This is <HI>Hector de Manfredis</HI> his Secret; Take of Germander, what is &s;ufficient, brui&s;e it, infu&s;e it in Scabious water and Wine; then &s;train it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Goclenius.</NOTE> and drink it warm.</P>
<P N="5">5. I u&s;e every morning to give about half a drachm of white Popy-&s;eed, with half an ounce of old Sugar of Ro&s;es, which Remedy I know has done a great deal of good to &s;everal.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. This is an infallible Experiment, given at a|ny hour, and at any time; Take the Shell of a raw Egg, ca&s;t away the inner Skin, powder it: Take of this Powder 2 drachms, Plantain water 3 ounces. Mix them. And give the Mixture to the Patient, and you &s;hall &s;uddenly &s;ee it will heal. If you would have it work more effectually, you may give 2 drachms every day, five days together, with Syrup of Pur&s;lain, dryed Ro&s;es and Myrtles, each half an ounce. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ben. Victor. Faventinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. This is an admirable Syrup; Take of Juice of Plantain and Vervain clarified, each two pounds: wherein let boil Gum-arabick, Tragacanth, Juice of Liquorice, each 4 ounces; Mumy, Dragon's-bloud, Bole-armenick, each 1 drachm and an half; Sugar of Ro&s;es what is &s;ufficient;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arn. Villa. novanus.</NOTE> it is excellent for Spitting of bloud, whence &s;oever it comes.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Haemorrhagia,</HI> or, Bleeding.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether it ought to be &s;topt, and how? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be ra&s;hly &s;topt. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;chaimous Medicines act by a various virtue. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>External Medicines. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Internal ones. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that &s;top the pa&s;&s;ages and ve&s;&s;els. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How bloud mu&s;t be let? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bloud mu&s;t be let freely and at once, not by little and little. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the region of the Liver. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the nape of the Neck. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cupping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t not be applied near the fire &s;ide. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not &s;afe upon the Shoulders. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="269" REF="140">
<ITEM>Where A&s;tringents mu&s;t be applied? <HI>XII, XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topicks are &s;ometimes applied to the Forehead to no purpo&s;e. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When wa&s;hing of the Head with cold water may be admitted? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Neck mu&s;t not be wrapt about with cold wet linen. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topical A&s;tringents mu&s;t not be applied to the jugular Veins. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ligatures rather doe harm than good. <HI>XVIII, XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For a Bleeding upon a wound of the Veins, they mu&s;t be mode|rate. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>E&s;charoticks mu&s;t be u&s;ed with Caution. <HI>XXI, XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we blow Powders into the No&s;trils. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of them is &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Styptick water put into the No&s;tril, not &s;o effectual as Pow|ders. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How far the virtue of it reaches? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Medicine put into the No&s;trils, that &s;tops it in a moment. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stopt by immer&s;ion of the whole body in cold water. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By con&s;tant drinking of Wine. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After Swooning. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By a Fright. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By compre&s;&s;ing the inter&s;tice of the No&s;trils. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By anti&s;pa&s;modicks. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stopt by <HI>Colcothar. XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By pre&s;&s;ing it with the Finger. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By a Cau&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ck. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Secret to &s;top Bloud. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies confirmed by Experience. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of chalybeate Waters. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;corbutick Bleeding &s;topt with Spirit of Vitriol. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Comfrey root mixt with &s;ome other things lo&s;es its glutinous virtue. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum. XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are dangerous. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what &s;ort I&s;chaimous Medicines are mo&s;t proper? <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;topping of the No&s;e be commendable? <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to &s;top Bloud, when it comes from the Arteries. <HI>XLVI, XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What way Bloud following the amputation of a Limb, may be &s;topt? <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not always &s;topt then with a red hot Iron. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Prevention by letting of bloud and purging. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Patient mu&s;t be kept in bed, or up? <HI>LI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THERE is a twofold Con&s;ultation, fir&s;t, Whether Bloud ought to be &s;topt? which is the mo&s;t difficult: The &s;econd, How? For all Bleeding ought not to be &s;topt, but &s;ome mu&s;t be &s;topt, and &s;ome mu&s;t be helped; &s;ome mu&s;t onely be let alone, becau&s;e &s;ome is very whol&s;ome, &s;ome pernicious. Certainly, if one bleed after a blow or a fall, there is no danger in &s;topping the bloud: Wherefore we may u&s;e A&s;tringents and moderate Coolers: Unle&s;s it happen that a Man is full, for then bloud mu&s;t be let, or we mu&s;t &s;uffer it to run in &s;ome mea&s;ure. When the bloud runs onely by rea&s;on of abundance, you have no rea&s;on to &s;top it: for, by letting it run, the abundance is abated, when that is abated, the Bleeding &s;tops of it &s;elf: unle&s;s in the mean time &s;ome great Vein be broken, for then there will be need of an Empla&s;tick and A&s;tringent, &s;uch as <HI>Galen</HI>'s Medicine, which is one of the be&s;t. When the Bleeding is becau&s;e of &s;ome malignant quality, either alone, or with abundance, then the Phy&s;ician is at a &s;tand, becau&s;e the ca&s;e is either way dangerous; for if it be not &s;topt, by rea&s;on of the impotency of the retentive faculty, which the Irritation cau&s;es, it runs to faintne&s;s, e&s;pecial|ly &s;eeing he that is very cacochymick, cannot bear any large evacuation, and quickly faints: If it be &s;topt, becau&s;e the malignant bloud cannot re&s;t quiet in any place, it falls violently upon &s;ome inner part, which happens to be weake&s;t, as it fared with an old Man, who, after he had bled abun|dance of thin bloud (for he looked very greeni&s;h in the face) and the bloud was &s;topt by proper means, died of a Pleuri&s;ie. Therefore what mu&s;t be done in &s;o doubtfull a ca&s;e? Surely, what <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem. &s;ect.</HI> 3. advi&s;es, <HI>When you have let it alone a little, you mu&s;t incra&s;&s;ate drily; and about the part you mu&s;t u&s;e a white and dry thing,</HI> it may be, Galls and Alume in Powder. He &s;ays, <HI>you mu&s;t let it alone a little,</HI> that is, we mu&s;t not pre&s;ently &s;top it, but let it run a little. Certainly for what cau&s;e &s;oever, even an external one, the Bleeding begins, it mu&s;t be permitted a little, before you &s;top it: For Bloud-letting is good not onely for a Plethory, but a little for a Cacochymie, a Blow and a Fall, and we are willing to have the bloud run a little in any green Wound: But as in Cacochymies bloud mu&s;t be let &s;paringly, becau&s;e they have not wherewithall to &s;upport it, &s;o al&s;o &s;pontaneous Bleeding mu&s;t be let alone a little. If therefore you &s;ee one bleed, where &s;igns of a <HI>Plethora</HI> are, let him alone till the Bleeding &s;top of it &s;elf, though the Man &s;hould faint. But if a Man bleed who looks pale and green, or pale, or pale and black, have a care you let him not bleed much, or till he faint; for it is very dangerous for &s;uch Men to faint. But if you &s;uffer it not to run much, how will you hinder it from falling upon &s;ome part? Surely by <HI>Incra&s;&s;ating drily.</HI> Which I explain thus; It happens that Peo|ple are in danger two ways, by abundant Bleeding, and by a &s;low and &s;mall Bleeding: For I knew a Woman who continually bled drops of bloud for above &s;ix months, and while &s;he tarried &s;o long a time for help, but &s;ound no benefit by all the Phy|&s;icians did, &s;he died. We mu&s;t therefore cure them both in the &s;ame method, tho&s;e that bleed much, and that bleed little, except what the different in|dications do require. And one difference of indi|cations here is that which is common to all other Di&s;ea&s;es, that quick Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be quickly cu|red, and others more &s;lowly: Be&s;ide this, there is another difference in the manner of Cure: For where the bloud comes by little and little, I can by no means think it mu&s;t be let alone, to run by little and little, but rather that that bloud &s;hould be taken from the Arm or Leg, as other things do indicate, by opening a Vein, which would have come away, had you let it alone; becau&s;e if you let it bleed &s;lowly, and let it alone a long time, the Man will be more hurt by his cu&s;tome of Blee|ding, than he will receive good by Evacuation of what is redundant. And in this fir&s;t Rule <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> &s;eems to treat of Bleeding fa&s;t. But what fol|lows, <HI>But in others you mu&s;t not incra&s;&s;ate &s;o much, but you mu&s;t u&s;e a dry, white Medicine, &s;uch as Galls and Alume,</HI> may be under&s;tood of both Bleedings. For in both ca&s;es, whether, I &s;ay, it bleed &s;low or fa&s;t, when it is cau&s;ed by a corrupt and thin bloud, it is good to u&s;e things that thicken, and make &s;low the moti|on of the bloud. And becau&s;e be&s;ides the&s;e things it is nece&s;&s;ary to make application of things that &s;top, we mu&s;t reckon, that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the&s;e la&s;t words under&s;tood local Medicines; in the former, things to be taken by the mouth. Therefore, he &s;ays, you mu&s;t incra&s;&s;ate drily, that is, u&s;e Medicines and Meats that dry and thicken: And there are two &s;orts of things that doe this, one by thickne&s;s of parts and a&s;triction, as Pap made of Starch and Lentils, Syrup of Myrtles, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> others make flow the motion of the bloud without thickne&s;s and a|&s;triction, by giving it a certain thickne&s;s by acci|dent, by cooling, or by cooling and drying; the fir&s;t we u&s;e for &s;low Bleeding, the latter for &s;udden: For in Bleeding fa&s;t, it is too long to tarry for re|lief from eating Starch or Pears: But then drin|king of cold Water, or a Decoction of Cinquefoil, which I u&s;e very cold, may do good. Yet the ta|king of thick and a&s;tringent things does by little and little thicken the bloud, and &s;o may doe good in &s;low Bleeding. But the u&s;e of &s;uch things &s;eems hurtfull, becau&s;e it either cau&s;es ob&s;tructions, or
<PB N="270" REF="141"> increa&s;es preceding ones, whence much damage may follow, and it hinders Purging, if it &s;o hap|pen that there be occa&s;ion for it afterwards: Therefore, as much as may be, I avoid the u&s;e of &s;uch things: Nor do I allow them to woun|ded per&s;ons, nor to &s;uch as are troubled with Blee|ding, except &s;uch as bleed for no other cau&s;e but the thinne&s;s of bloud, e&s;pecially them, who&s;e bloud is corrupt. In the&s;e, unle&s;s there be mani|fe&s;t ob&s;truction of the Bowels, we mu&s;t u&s;e thick|ning Diet and Medicines. And the greate&s;t &s;hare of &s;uch a Diet is to drink very little, becau&s;e drine&s;s thickens the bloud. If there be a thinne&s;s of bloud without any manife&s;t ob&s;truction, we may u&s;e thick|ning Meats, and a&s;tringent and thickning both Meats and Medicines: But if there be any ob|&s;truction, it is better to u&s;e a dry Diet without thick|ning, and cooling, and dry Medicines: And if any Bowel al&s;o labour of a cold intemperature, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from all the&s;e things, u&s;ing onely a dry Diet, as ro&s;ted fle&s;h good and tender, and lit|tle drink; and if the ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e require it, we mu&s;t give Potions contrary to the afore&s;aid, that is, hot and thin ones, that they may open. But we mu&s;t place all our hopes in other Remedies, that is, in Revul|&s;ions, Frictions, Ligatures, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and then in local Medicines. I u&s;e to make a Powder of Gall, Alume, Flowers of Pomegranate wild and planted, Comfrey and Ma&s;tick, which I order to be blown into the No&s;trils violently: for it pre&s;ent|ly comes to pa&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> comm. in e|um locum.</NOTE> by its mixture, that the Bloud congeals, and violently &s;tops the Veins, for the Bloud it &s;elf is fibrous and &s;topping.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>S.</HI> a Clergy-man, &s;anguine and lu&s;ty, having been &s;ubject to bleed at his No&s;e from his youth, fearing &s;ome mi&s;chief thereby when he was grown up, for prevention, he &s;topt it by hanging a certain Amulet about his Neck; whereupon he was taken with an Apoplexy, and twelve hours after he was dead,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 11.</NOTE> abundance of Bloud ran out at his No&s;e and Mouth.</P>
<P N="3">III. It being pre&s;uppo&s;ed, that immoderate Blee|ding comes either through &s;ome fault in the Move|able or Bloud, or in the containing and conveigh|ing Ve&s;&s;els, we &s;ay, that all I&s;chaimous Medicines re&s;pect the Bloud it &s;elf, inwardly indeed, ina&s;|much as they check Rarefaction and Ebullition, ei|ther Precipitants, earthy things of all &s;orts, of Co|ral, Bloud-&s;tone, <HI>Spodium,</HI> &amp;c. Or tempering things, that are watery and cooling, as Water of Shep|herd's pur&s;e, Plantain, Pur&s;lain, Water-lily, Frog-&s;pawn, Phlegm of Alume, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or coagulating and congealing Acids, as Tincture of Ro&s;es, Violets, and acid Spirits. Thus I have cured &s;ome &s;corbu|tick per&s;ons who were frequently taken with Blee|ding at the No&s;e, onely with Spirit of Vitriol joined with the Tincture of Violets: For Acids obtund and invert the volatile and too moveable particles, and do, as it were, fix, concentre and hinder them from overflowing. And things that incra&s;&s;ate and a&s;tringe the ichore&s;cent Bloud ina&s;|much as it is too &s;erous, &s;harp and fluid; where|fore we may partly hope for Remedy from &s;trength|ning and tonick things, and partly from &s;trong a|&s;tringents and concentring things: So in a manner all red Roots &s;top Bloud, Tormentil, Bi&s;tort, <HI>Al|kanna; Heurnius</HI> his Powder is excellent for Spitting of bloud; Take of Seed of white Henbane, white Popy, each 1 drachm; Bloud-&s;tone, red Coral, each half a drachm; Camp<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ire half a Scruple; Give half a drachm morning and evening, &s;ome|times he adds <HI>Terra Lemnia,</HI> and with Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es he makes an Electuary. And fixing things, the common Remedies of all Fluxions,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> de &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct. p. <HI>531.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Laudanum opi|atum,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Both Revellents, and things that cau&s;e a mo|tion the contrary way, are good outwardly. So Ve|nae&s;ection is conveniently made in a contrary part; So a dry Cupping-gla&s;s is &s;et to the Nape of the Neck, an <HI>Arcanum</HI> among the Moderns, Ligatures are made in the extreme parts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and cooling Repellents, either actually &s;uch, or potentially, as Oxycrate. <HI>S. Pauli Quadr. Botan. p.</HI> 508. &s;ays, that Starch and Bole-armenick mixt with the white of an Egg, &s;pread upon &s;ome combed flax of &s;uch a length, that it may reach beyond the Coronal Su|ture to the root of the No&s;e, if it be applied to the <HI>Vertex</HI> along the Sagittal Suture, does upon his frequent experience &s;top Bleeding at the No&s;e. A &s;udden Fright, as it &s;uddenly recalls the bloud from the circumference to the centre, and a Leipothy|mie &s;upervening, &s;tops bloud. Sudden application of very cold Water, Vinegar or Ice to the Nape of the Neck, does the &s;ame. And A&s;tringents and Compriments, as Bloud-&s;tone, and other things, as well by actual cold, as potential con&s;triction from their Martial and earthy particles, held in the Hand or under the Arm-pits; I have known the Root of Cockle, held a little while under the Tongue, &s;top onely a &s;light Bleeding, but not a violent one. A piece of Money thrown into cold Water fir&s;t, and then tied hard to the Forehead, to compre&s;s the Ve&s;&s;els and cool, is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. I&s;chaimous Medicines, that re&s;pect the pa&s;|&s;ages and pores of the Ve&s;&s;els, which being any way opened, it is ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary, that the bloud left to it &s;elf mu&s;t run out; Inwardly indeed they are the &s;ame, which we have &s;poken of alrea|dy, Con&s;olidants, A&s;tringents and Agglutinants; Outwardly they are Compriments; for though the compre&s;&s;ion of the opening it &s;elf may &s;eem onely to give momentany relief, which cea&s;ing, the Blee|ding returns, yet by this means the Lips being con&s;tantly pre&s;t, Nature may attend healing, wherefore it is a Remedy proper enough. Thus the Wound of a bled Vein is &s;topt a whole day onely by the compre&s;&s;ion of a <HI>Spleniolus,</HI> &s;o the Bleeding of other Wounds is &s;topt onely with Binding, if a Chirurgical hand can come at them. An Exam|ple hereof <HI>Virulam</HI> has, <HI>Hi&s;tor. Nat. cent.</HI> 1. <HI>n.</HI> 66. in the Prince of <HI>Orange,</HI> the orifice of who&s;e Wound was &s;topt with Mens Thumbs for two days, other things being in vain. So &s;ome Haemorrhagies of the Arteries cannot be fully cured but onely by Com|pre&s;&s;ion. And things that &s;top bloud, upon which account the Fuz-ball is famous, wherefore <HI>Van Horn, Microtechn.</HI> writes, that if it be tough and &s;oft, and cut into &s;lices, and the &s;lices be &s;queezed in a Pre&s;s, they are able &s;ufficiently to &s;top any Haemorrhage, e&s;pecially if &s;ome &s;tegnotick Powder be &s;trewed on them. One in <HI>Grulingius, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>cur.</HI> 42. was cured by the Powder of Eg&s;hels, wherein Chickens had been hatched. And A&s;tringents, that are watry, au&s;tere and &s;harp. So pieces of a <HI>fungus</HI> growing on Birch, &s;topt an external Haemorrhage to a Miracle, according to <HI>Crollius,</HI> and things that coagulate and reduce the Bloud as it were to a Cru&s;t, for it is glutinous, and another glutinous thing meeting with it as it comes out glues up the Ve&s;&s;els. See an Example in <HI>Platerus, Ob&s;. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 725. of a Malefac|tour who had his Hands cut off, and the &s;tumps im|mediately clapt into a Cock newly opened alive, upon which the bloud wholly &s;topt. Warm bloud of Animals is given to People in Dy&s;enteries for a Cly&s;ter. Or things that violently cau&s;e a Cru&s;t, whether actual or potential: <HI>Willis</HI> &s;aw a mo&s;t vio|lent Haemorrhage &s;topt with the Vapour of the bloud falling upon a red hot Iron. So Cauterizati|on by ro&s;ting the Bloud, and cri&s;ping and clo&s;ing the Ve&s;&s;els is the la&s;t Remedy. You may refer hi|ther the Sympathetick Powder, the bloud drop|ping upon which, cau&s;es this a&s;triction, but it is onely in a &s;light ca&s;e. Or they re&s;pect the free pa&s;|&s;ages of the bloud, Wherefore Aperients do impro|perly and mediately &s;top bloud, becau&s;e they re|&s;tore the Circulation of the bloud, when hindred; as we often find them very beneficial in a too vio|lent flux of the <HI>men&s;es</HI> and in other Haemorrhagies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6"><PB N="271" REF="141">VI. To divert the tendency of the bloud from the No&s;trils, it is &s;ometimes convenient to open a Vein in the Arm or Foot: For the more bloud is carried by the Arteries to the place of Venae&s;ecti|on, the afflux to the No&s;e will be the le&s;s. Yet this admini&s;tration does not always &s;o much good, but that a quite contrary effect &s;ometime falls out, the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e the Ve&s;&s;els being &s;uddenly, but not &s;ufficiently emptyed, do take back again the incongrous humours before thrown out, &s;tagnating within the Pores, whereby the bloud is immedi|ately put into a greater eruptive turge&s;cence.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P>That Venae&s;ection in the Foot is more effectual than in the Arm for &s;topping an Haemorrhagie at the No&s;e, I have learned from a late Example, and that repeated. La&s;t <HI>March,</HI> in the year 1681. A Man about thirty years old, cholerick and lean, had had a Quartane-ague from the preceding autumnal to the vernal Aequinox: A double Tertian followed this, with ten&s;ion of the <HI>hypochondria</HI> and of the whole <HI>ab|domen,</HI> and a pertinacious Bleeding, rebellious to all Remedies: Bloud was let in the Arm, and other things done, and neverthele&s;s he bled &s;till; after application of glutinous things, it ran into the Mouth, which he &s;pate up concrete in abundance. His &s;trength &s;eemed to fail, what with the forego|ing Fever and the lo&s;s of Bloud, his Face fell and grew pale. But becau&s;e the heat about his Heart was trouble&s;ome, his Pul&s;e full and &s;trong, and the Bloud came out with violence, I ordered the mo&s;t tumid Vein in his Foot to be bled, out of which the bloud came full &s;tream; a little after he fell into a &s;weet Sleep (which he wanted before, be|cau&s;e his Ague-fits came in the evening) and he continued in it till night: afterwards his Bleeding and Ague both left him, he being rid of both by means of Bleeding in the Foot. I had pre&s;cribed him &s;ome opening Pills for his remaining ob&s;tructi|ons, which he did not take, becau&s;e within a few days, by the u&s;e of a good Diet, there appeared no &s;igns of any, &s;o that in four days after his Bleeding he was perfectly well. Another In&s;tance offered it &s;elf at that &s;ame time in a young Man (who&s;e name was <HI>Frederick</HI>) Servant to the Family of the Illu&s;tri|ous Counts of <HI>Waldeck:</HI> he was hypochondriack, and he had been &s;ore handled by a Quartane-ague all the Winter. When the cold &s;ea&s;on abated, which la|&s;ted till the latter end of <HI>April,</HI> he bled at the right No&s;tril: I ordered his right <HI>Salvatella</HI> to be ope|ned, out of which the bloud came full &s;tream, his Bleeding at the No&s;e not abating. The bloud be|ing received in linen clothes appeared florid, not like to wa&s;hing of fle&s;h and ichorous: I al&s;o orde|red a Vein to be opened in his right Foot; and a|bout &s;even ounces of bloud were taken from thence in Pottingers, which gave evident &s;igns of corrup|tion: Store of bloud al&s;o ran into the Ve&s;&s;el, wherein the water was, which the Chirurgeon could &s;carce &s;top after he had untied the fillet. The event was the &s;ame as in the former ca&s;e; for both his Bleeding and Ague were &s;topt.</P>
<P>Hence you may gather, what the nature of the humour is, that cau&s;es a Quartane-ague, which onely the power of the returning Sun is able to conquer. The febrile Fire does lye as it were raked up in the A&s;hes, which, by the acce&s;&s;ion of &s;uch a bla&s;t, breaks out into a flame, but an innocent, yea a &s;alutary one, which feeds on, and con&s;umes one|ly its own fewel, leaving the &s;olid parts, and the other humours untouched. It was my hap to ob&s;erve this in the fore&s;aid <HI>Frederick</HI>'s Lord, the young Count <HI>Waldeck,</HI> who had patiently and ob|&s;tinately endured a Quartane-ague from the prece|ding <HI>Augu&s;t.</HI> He had a wonderfull Antipathy to all &s;ort of Phy&s;ick. At length, as the Spring came on, when &s;igns of a Cachexy and <HI>Leucophlegmatia</HI> appea|red in his countenance, when he made little Urine, which had a large tartareous &s;ettling in the bottom of the Chamber-pot: I told him he was going into a Drop&s;ie. He, being affrighted, admits of Pills (from which he was le&s;s abhorrent than from other Medicines made of <HI>ma&s;&s;a Pilul. de Sagapeno Camilli, Mer|curius dulcis,</HI> and <HI>Tartareae Bontii</HI>) and a laxative Pti&s;an to drink after them; which brought abundance of filthy &s;tuff away; and the Ague, which of a &s;imple one was become a treble one, at length was a &s;ingle one again, and within a few days quite cea&s;ed. Yet the third day after his Ague went quite off, he was taken with a Diary, which ended in a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> by &s;tool, urine and &s;weat together, which was fol|lowed by perfect health. That is, by this la&s;t and gentle Burning all the febrile matter blazed out. But this by the way.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Letting of bloud is the chief among revul|&s;ory Remedies, but it ought to be drawn with a large hand and a broad hole. All Men in a man|ner bleed at a &s;mall hole, and in a &s;mall quantity, reckoning that Revul&s;ion is better made &s;o: But, that a contrary motion may be communicated to the bloud, it mu&s;t be acted by a more violent moti|on, becau&s;e the more violent draws the weaker: Therefore at the larger hole, and the fa&s;ter the bloud runs, &s;o much the &s;ooner is the profluent bloud drawn from the No&s;trils: So that oftentimes a vio|lent Bleeding at the No&s;e, without a <HI>Plethora,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> has been in&s;tantly &s;topt by Venae&s;ection, celebrated in this manner. &para; Whether mu&s;t bloud be let all at once, or at &s;everal times? I think, if it be let all at once, it will doe the Patient more good: for,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rol&s;inccius. <HI>cen&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>lib.</HI> 3.</NOTE> when the bloud gu&s;hes out of the open Vein all at once, quicke<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Revul&s;ion is made of the bloud, that would run out at the No&s;e.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>Meth.</HI> and many, who follow him, apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the region of the Liver, which, that it cannot be done without danger, the following Hi&s;tory does prove. A certain Courtier, labouring under a violent Bleeding at the No&s;e, made u&s;e of a Chirurgeon, who, among other Remedies, &s;et large Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the region of his Liver. The bloud indeed &s;topt, but an Inflammation of the Liver followed. I think cold Medicines &s;hould ra|ther be applied to the Liver and Spleen, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his advice, 5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 23. <HI>In the&s;e places, whence bloud runs, or is about to run, we mu&s;t u&s;e what is Cold,</HI> &amp;c. E&s;pecially to places where the motion begins, unle&s;s there be ob&s;tructions, which would thereby be made wor&s;e; for as the&s;e things con|den&s;e, a&s;tringe, and render the bloud le&s;s fluid, &s;o Cupping gla&s;&s;es indeed retract the bloud and &s;pirits with violence; but becau&s;e in a great Haemorrha|gie it is efferve&s;cent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 47.</NOTE> it may ea&s;ily be drawn by the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the Liver, and &s;ettle there.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A Noble Matron, fifty nine years old, having omitted letting of bloud, by rea&s;on of her decay in years, was &s;uddenly troubled with an enormous Bleeding at the No&s;e, the bloud ran, as though &s;he had been let bloud. I pre&s;cribed cooling and repel|lent Epithemes for her Forehead and Neck, but &s;he bled the fa&s;ter. A Chirurgeon put Tents into her No&s;e full of Powders to &s;top bloud, but they were ready to choak her; and when they were taken out, &s;he bled enormou&s;ly. Her Fainting di&s;&s;uaded me from letting of her bloud: Therefore I &s;et a large Cupping-gla&s;s fir&s;t to the region of the Liver, and then another to the Nape of the Neck, and her Bleeding &s;topt immediately. This Remedy did o|thers good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. C. Win|der, <HI>Mi&s;c. cu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. an.</HI> 76. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 90.</NOTE> A Cupping-gla&s;s is dangerous in the beginning of an Haemorrhage.</P>
<P N="10">X. It is well known that Cupping-gla&s;&s;es &s;et to the Shoulders and Neck are a mo&s;t excellent Reme|dy, yet I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved, they have been u&s;ed to the Patients detriment. A plethorick Man, who was ill of Bleeding at his No&s;e, by the advice of his Phy&s;ician, got Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to be &s;et to him&s;elf by the fire-&s;ide, and in a few hours his Blee|ding increa&s;ed &s;o, that he lo&s;t &s;everal pounds of bloud. I being called, order him pre&s;ently to go from the fire, and that his Back be anointed
<PB N="272" REF="142"> with a cooling Ointment, Ligatures to be made up|on his Arms, at the Elbows, and upon his Legs, at the Hams; I apply a linen cloth wet in Water and Vinegar to his Forehead, and I put &s;ome of my Powder de&s;cribed <HI>lib. de Gangraena, cap.</HI> 19. with Tents dipt in Whites of Eggs into his No&s;e. Hence let young Men learn, that in all Haemorrhagies, the Body mu&s;t not be heated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">F. Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 13.</NOTE> nor the Back rubbed with hot Clothes, nor expo&s;ed to the Fire.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Cupping-gla&s;&s;es applied to the Shoulders, both dry and moi&s;t, retract the running bloud from the No&s;trils, but are not a Remedy altogether &s;afe, for they may draw the bloud from the lower to the upper parts, and give occa&s;ion to new Bleeding. Some &s;et them upon the Arms upon the <HI>Mu&s;culus bi|ceps,</HI> whereby Revul&s;ion is made of bloud from the No&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Onely arterious bloud nouri&s;hes the Brain, and runs out at the No&s;e. Therefore Coolers and A&s;tringents mu&s;t not onely be applied to the Neck behind, but before al&s;o upon the carotid Arte|ries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Topical Medicines mu&s;t be applied to tho&s;e parts, where need is of them immediately, or where the bloud may be mo&s;t cooled: For there, by immediate contact, if it be po&s;&s;ible, they &s;top the orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els; but here, by intimate|ly altering, they check the violent motion of the bloud, &s;o that, to repeat them in &s;hort, they are applied to the <HI>Bregma,</HI> Forehead, under the Tongue, to the Nape of the Neck, the No&s;trils, Throat, to the Armpits, the right and left <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> the Stones and the Soles of the Feet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. The Bloud does not always come from the Veins of the Head, but oftentimes from the &s;mall Ve&s;&s;els, that come out of the third <HI>Sinus</HI> of the <HI>Cra&s;&s;a meninx,</HI> when they open, a very great Haemor|rhagie &s;ometimes ari&s;es:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Bauhinus,</HI> Th. Anat. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> In &s;uch Bleeding, Medi|cines mu&s;t be applied, not to the Forehead, but to the <HI>Vertex</HI> and coronal Suture. &para; In &s;uch a Bleeding at the No&s;e Topicks mu&s;t be applied to the hind part of the Head, for the Bloud a&s;cends by the hinder <HI>Sinus's</HI> before it comes to the third: There|fore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> ordered the hind part of <HI>Meton</HI>'s Head to be fomented with warm water, to the end the Bloud might run more freely.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. The Head mu&s;t not be wa&s;hed with cold water, unle&s;s Revul&s;ions have gone before, where|by the bloud may be drawn to the lower parts of the Body, or to the hind part of the Head: other|wi&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. 5. <HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. Med. c.</HI> 6.</NOTE> being driven inwards by Coolers, it will fill the Veins which are within. &para; Therefore the Bleeding will increa&s;e on this account, and be|cau&s;e the Heat, gathered within by <HI>Antiperi&s;ta&s;is,</HI> furthers the motion and violence of the bloud: Or, if the bloud be &s;topt, a Convul&s;ion, Apo|plexy, <HI>Parotis,</HI> or, the Bloud falling upon the <HI>A|&s;pera Arteria,</HI> a Difficulty of Breathing will follow.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Moreover this is &s;u&s;pected, when the Vul|gar at the beginning lay a linen Cloth wet in cold water round the Neck: for there is fear, when the way is intercepted between the Heart and Brain, either an Apoplexy or a Swooning may fol|low.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Cold things applied to the Forehead and Temples, and the Nape of the Neck, where the vertebral Arteries a&s;cend, do a little check and re|pell the afflux of bloud; Yet &s;ome doe ill in ad|vi&s;ing cooling Topicks to be applied to the jugular Veins: for &s;o the Bloud, being retarded in its re|turn, will run more abundantly out at the No&s;e. Moreover, whereas it is u&s;ual to apply linen Cloths or a Sponge wet in Vinegar to the <HI>Pubes</HI> and Geni|tals, it does good upon no other account, than as tying of the Limbs, ina&s;much, that is, as the re|flux of the venous bloud is thereby hindred.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Many u&s;e Ligatures, but I do not much approve of them, although <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>Meth.</HI> 6. pro|po&s;e them: for, a&s;&s;oon as the Ligature is loo&s;ed, it fills the Head, for the Bloud being retained under the Ligature, is made more violent, and runs to the weake&s;t part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> &para; I do not willingly u&s;e Liga|tures, both becau&s;e they deprive the &s;ubject parts of &s;pirit and bloud, and becau&s;e by the compre&s;&s;i|on of the mu&s;cles, they &s;eem to exagitate and impell the fluent bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE> &para; <HI>A&s;clepiades</HI> of old condemned them, as <HI>Scribonius Largus</HI> writes.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Cruel Ligatures, joined with an impetuous motion of the bloud, are u&s;ele&s;s: for though gentle binding of the extreme parts and a&s;triction of the Forehead be not in&s;ignificant to &s;top the Bloud a little and to bind the Ve&s;&s;els, and upon that &s;core al&s;o cold things, as Stones and the like, be&s;ide the <HI>Effluvia,</HI> which they &s;end out, are commended, if they be held in the Hand, or under the Armpits; yet if the due bounds, which become a Phy&s;ician, be exceeded, the Bleeding is &s;o far from being &s;topt, that it rather bleeds the fa&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Swathing egregiou&s;ly &s;tops Bleeding, which follows a Wound in the Veins; but if it be tied too &s;trait, it ea&s;ily cau&s;es a <HI>Sphacelus.</HI></P>
<P N="21">XXI. At length, if Bleeding continue ob&s;tinate|ly, we mu&s;t proceed to E&s;caroticks, which, by bur|ning the extremities of the Veins, do cau&s;e a cru&s;t, and &s;top bloud: Neverthele&s;s much caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed about them, becau&s;e, when the E&s;char falls, the Veins open again, and &s;o the Bleeding is u&s;u|ally removed. And, among &s;uch things, burnt Vi|triol has the principal place, which, be&s;ides that it makes an E&s;char, is mo&s;t effectual to &s;top any Bleeding. &para; Cau&s;ticks and Corro&s;ives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> as Subli|mate, Ar&s;enick, <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> and <HI>Colcothar,</HI> mu&s;t not be commonly u&s;ed, both becau&s;e they irritate the membranous edges of the Wound, and al&s;o cau&s;e very violent Symptoms, and &s;o Death it &s;elf; in|deed in the beginning they clo&s;e and bind the Veins, by rea&s;on of their pontick, &s;typtick parts, but then they &s;hew their corro&s;ion, wherein they are prevalent, and communicate it to the part. Yet we mu&s;t take notice, that &s;ome of the gent|ler &s;ort, as <HI>Colcothar,</HI> may be u&s;ed, and <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> &s;ometimes, yet then it mu&s;t be more in the le&s;&s;er Ve&s;&s;els and Openings than in the larger. But we mu&s;t not, as &s;ome doe, extend it to a red hot Iron.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Some things &s;top bloud, as Vinegar, and Spirit of Vitriol, in bleeding at the mouth, after o|pening a Vein, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> So White Vitriol and Alume may, for the &s;ame rea&s;on, doe good, for they have a con&s;tipating faculty al&s;o. But we mu&s;t not tru&s;t &s;harp things alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. If a powder or liquour mu&s;t be put into the No&s;trils, let the Mouth be kept full of cold Wa|ter, e&s;pecially when the Medicine has a cau&s;tick virtue in it, le&s;t any of it might fall down through the Palate into the Mouth. And the Patient mu&s;t lie backwards with his head. But if the No&s;trils be &s;topt, and the bloud run down the Gullet, the No|&s;trils mu&s;t be cleared, and let him hold cold Water in his Mouth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. The &s;nuffing up of Ro&s;es and Myrtles is much &s;u&s;pected by me, as all other powders &s;hould be avoided for fear of Sneezing; in &s;tead whereof the &s;pace between the Eye-brows, &s;hould rather be anointed outwardly with Oil of <HI>Mars.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Among Liquids, a &s;olution of Vitriol made in Spring-water is not onely chief, but may &s;erve for all the re&s;t. Some commend it for a great &s;e|cret, and a mo&s;t certain &s;topper of bloud. Indeed, this &s;ame applied to a green wound, ina&s;much as by corrugation, it clo&s;es up the extremities of the torn ve&s;&s;els, powerfully &s;tops the bleeding. But this application in bleeding at the No&s;e, where the bloud being brought to the Mouths of the Arteries, &s;hould be received by the Veins, ina&s;much as it e|qually, or rather more, &s;tops the Veins than the Ar|teries, it often does little or no good, as I have often found by experience. But indeed &s;eeing wa|ter
<PB N="273" REF="142"> put into the No&s;tril does not &s;ufficiently &s;tick to the Mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els, but is wa&s;hed off by the bloud, as it comes out, before it can exert its virtue, therefore it is more expedient, either to &s;nuff up a Styptick powder, or to thru&s;t a tent dipt in Vitriolick Water, or by it &s;elf, or filled with &s;ome a&s;tringent powder to the root of the No&s;e. I often u&s;e either <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> calcined very red, or powder of Vitriol camphorate, or the Vitriolick Soot, &s;craped off the bottom of a Bra&s;s Kettle, the du&s;t whereof I have often tried with good &s;ucce&s;s in this ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The u&s;e of that Styptick Liquour, which a Frenchman three years ago carried all over <HI>Eu|rope,</HI> is at this day very well known. We have rea&s;on indeed to commend the invention in wounds made by a cut, but in a prick we find it not &s;o be|neficial. Be&s;ides, I have often found it u&s;ele&s;s in &s;topping of bleeding at the No&s;e, that is, where the &s;ides of the wound can touch every where, it is of value; but that otherwi&s;e it is dull, the following example does &s;hew. One was wounded in a Duel in the in&s;ide of his right-Arm, a little above his El|bow; The Sword had made a large and deep wound, to the very Arm-pit, having cut the Arte|ry al&s;o. The Chirurgeon dre&s;&s;ed the wound till the eleventh day, when, all on a &s;udden, the bloud bur&s;t out in &s;uch abundance, that the Patient &s;woon|ed. Therefore he u&s;ed the Styptick-water, which being for &s;everal days now and then injected, the bloud at length &s;topt; but Convul&s;ions followed, his Arm &s;welled, and he died the eighteenth day. When his body was opened, the Artery was then indeed found open, but the pa&s;&s;age which the Sword had made, was &s;topt about the Artery with clots of bloud, which the Styptick-water had made, &s;o that the bloud could not come out. &para; In the year 1677.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borrichius.</NOTE> in the Month of <HI>December,</HI> I &s;aw it u&s;ed for a bleeding at the No&s;e; whereby the bloud &s;topt indeed, but attended with terrible Symptoms. A Maid 18 years old, a Merchant's Daughter of <HI>Gene|va,</HI> by name <HI>Volaire,</HI> fell into a continual Fever, &s;he had in 24 hours two Fits; the &s;econd day &s;he had a bilious <HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> with bleeding at the No&s;e, whereby &s;he lo&s;t two pounds of bloud that day. I was called the third day, and in my pre&s;ence two Pottingers were filled, within an hours time, each of which held nine ounces: I order a Vein to be opened in the Arm, glutinant things to be applied, Linen clothes wet in <HI>po&s;ca</HI> to be laid round the neck, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> When all things were in vain, and the bloud ran full &s;tream, a Chirurgeon thru&s;t a Cotton|tent, wet in the fore&s;aid Water, into her No&s;trils, upon which indeed the bloud &s;topt, but a violent Head-ach followed, and a great dulne&s;s at the bot|tom of her Forehead, and the Fever grew higher: but after bleeding her in the Foot, cupping and &s;carifying her in the back and loins, bleeding her with Leeches in the forehead, under the ears, and in the temples; the eleventh day the Fever, Head-ach, and oppre&s;&s;ion of her Lungs, wherewith &s;he had been troubled, cea&s;ed. Hence it is clear a hae|morrhage may not ra&s;hly be &s;topt, and rather by Repellents than Stypticks.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A tent made of the common, broad, flat, i&s;chaimous <HI>fungus</HI> put into the hollow of the No|&s;trils to the place of the wound, &s;tops all bleeding in a moment, like an inchantment. This &s;ingular admini&s;tration mu&s;t be ob&s;erved; a tent is made of it, with this ob&s;ervation, that the &s;mooth part mu&s;t be turned inward, and the &s;pongy, du&s;ty part out|ward, a thread mu&s;t be gently tied to the lower part, and hang out a little: thru&s;t it into the No|&s;trils by degrees;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>lib.</HI> 3.</NOTE> If re&s;piration be hindred there|by, then a Goo&s;e-quill may be put in the middle of the tent, and &s;o both ends are an&s;wered.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. A robu&s;t and plethorick young Man, up|on lying with his Wife in the heat of Dog days, was taken with a violent bleeding at the No&s;e: After having tried many things in vain, &s;ince he was in danger from the heat of his bloud, I ordered him to be dipt in a Kettle of cold water;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 17.</NOTE> &s;o the bloud being cooled and thickned, the bleeding &s;topt by degrees.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> was &s;ubject to an haemorrhage, till he was thirty years old, and he was grown &s;o weak and lean, that he was very nigh death. He was at length cured by drinking Wine moderately; for he had been ab&s;temious, and &s;o he came to be an old Man:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;,</HI> 87.</NOTE> For he had been over much cooled by drinking of Water and Bleeding.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. I &s;aw a mo&s;t contumacious bleeding &s;topt in the mo&s;t Illu&s;trious <HI>N.</HI> by the intervention of a Swoon (whereby the bloud and Spirits are pow|erfully retracted to the inner parts.) He, when no remedies did him any good, &s;aid he had occa&s;ion to go to &s;tool, as he aro&s;e out of his bed he &s;woon|ed, out of which, after he came, the bloud ran with far le&s;s violence: And after half a drachm of <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> in cold water had been given him, the bleeding wholly &s;topt. This Remedy is propound|ed by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 3. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 7. Concerning which <HI>Ga|len</HI> &s;ays, it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, 5. <HI>meth.</HI> 5. that &s;woon|ing does good onely, when the bloud runs out at veins, which end in the <HI>Superficies</HI> of the body: for when it comes from the inner veins, as in &s;pitting of Bloud, the immoderate coming of the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> or in wounds of the inner parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> it will rather increa&s;e the bleeding, by retraction of the heat to the in|wards, and to tho&s;e parts whereout the bloud runs.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. One was taken with a Bleeding, which no Medicines would &s;top; at length, when he was put into a great fright, it &s;topt. I ordered, that he &s;hould be vext, and when he was fretted, that a great Ba&s;on, full of cold Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus, <HI>Pent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 27.</NOTE> &s;hould be thrown upon his Back, with a great noi&s;e: hereby he be|ing immediately put into a Fright, the bloud &s;topt.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Fab. Bartoletus</HI> Profe&s;&s;or of <HI>Mantua,</HI> relates, how a de&s;perate bleeding at the No&s;e was &s;topt, to a miracle, while he was pre&s;ent, by a Sieve-maker, within half a quarter of an hour, onely with vio|lent &s;queezing between his fingers, the inter&s;tice be|tween his No&s;trils. <HI>Thuanus</HI> al&s;o relates,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 91.</NOTE> how the de&s;perate bleeding of a wound was &s;topt, <HI>lib.</HI> 75. <HI>hi&s;tor.</HI></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. A Nobleman having been troubled with frequent and violent eruptions of bloud, &s;ome|times at the &s;edal Veins, &s;ometimes at the No&s;e, after &s;everal Venae&s;ections, taking of Juleps, and cooling Decoctions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> at length, by taking the following Powder, a do&s;e whereof he took in a Julep every &s;ixth hour; Take of Male-Poeony, red Coral, Pearl, each 1 drachm, Ivory, Hart&s;horn, Bloud&s;tone, each half a drachm, <HI>Lapis Prunellae</HI> 1 drachm. Make a Powder. The do&s;e half a drachm. Take of Water of Black Cherries 8 ounces, Balm, <HI>Cinnamomi hordeati,</HI> each 2 ounces, Treacle-water 1 ounce, Syrup of Corals 1 ounce and an half, ma|king Ligatures in certain places, as is u&s;ual, and then in others, according to occa&s;ion, both to quiet and to intercept the &s;pa&s;ms of the Ve&s;&s;els, was cu|red quickly without any relap&s;e afterwards. For I found the Di&s;ea&s;e to be merely, or chiefly &s;pa&s;mo|dick; for every day when he bled, his pul&s;e was weak, his extreme parts cold, and all his Ve&s;&s;els fell flat, as if they had been too much emptied. Moreover, the Patient was troubled with a <HI>Vertigo</HI> almo&s;t continually, and a <HI>tremor</HI> of the heart, and a Swooning now and then, or with the fear of it. Truely the bloud was &s;o far from bur&s;ting out of the Ve&s;&s;els, through too much plenitude or turge&s;|cence, that rather on the contrary the Current of it ran &s;o low and &s;mall, that it was &s;carce able to maintain the floud of Circulation. Notwith&s;tanding (which was the very truth) he often in a day felt &s;omething in his body, to creep fa&s;t, like wind, &s;ometime upwards, &s;ometimes downwards, and of|tentimes bleeding at the No&s;e, or haemorrhoids,
<PB N="274" REF="143"> followed the tendency of that motion; &s;o that hence one might ea&s;ily conclude, that the motive fibres of the bloud-ve&s;&s;els, whereby they are con|tracted, being affected with a &s;pa&s;m, did inordi|nately hurry the bloud, how low &s;oever, thither, and now and then forced an eruption.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Things doe good that cau&s;e an E&s;char, as <HI>Colcothar,</HI> by which remedy alone the mo&s;t Illu&s;tri|ous the Prince of <HI>Orange,</HI> was recalled from a fatal bleeding. He every day bled a va&s;t quantity of bloud at a wound which he had received in his ju|gular Veins, and it could be &s;topt by no remedies, but by a tent wrapt in a dige&s;tive, and good &s;tore of powder of <HI>Colcothar,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> which was thru&s;t into the Wound. By <HI>Colcothar</HI> I mean burnt Vitriol.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. I have read in the Dutch Hi&s;tory, that a wound in the jugular Vein of his Excellency <HI>William</HI> the Fir&s;t, Prince of <HI>Orange,</HI> was clo&s;ed, by laying a finger upon it, and &s;o the bloud &s;topt. This artifice was of old propo&s;ed by M. <HI>Gatinaria.</HI> Pre&s;&s;ing Irons may &s;erve in&s;tead of Fingers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horne.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. When a Man had in a fit of the Falling Sickne&s;s bit his Tongue where the Veins are large, &s;o great a bleeding followed, that it could be &s;topt by no remedies, and his &s;trength was &s;o low, that he was ready to dye. A famous Chirurgeon made a Pill of Wool, and dipt it in Gold&s;mith's-Water, and thru&s;t it with a Probe into the Wound and Vein where it was open, and within a little while the bloud totally &s;topt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">terus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Truely the application of a red-hot Iron, after mutilation, is a horrible thing; where|fore I propo&s;e a remedy, which &s;tops bleeding as if it were by Inchantment: It is onely Alume, of which little Tents are made, and after cutting off the Limbs, they are thru&s;t, as far as they may, into the orifices of the greater Veins; and then the bu&s;ine&s;s is fini&s;hed with the application of many <HI>Splenia</HI> and a&s;tringent Powders. So there was one who could by no means &s;top the bleeding of a Vein in the Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, <HI>c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 30.</NOTE> which I immediately &s;topt onely by applying Alume.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. To &s;top Bleeding, even when the Ar|teries are cut, nothing is better than <HI>Galen</HI>'s Pla|&s;ter, made of Aloes, Frankincen&s;e, Hare's Down mo&s;t exactly powdered, and mixt with the White of an Egg, wherewith the Wound is filled to &s;top the Arteries. But if it &s;top not with this mo&s;t pretious remedy, 4 grains of <HI>Sperniolae Compo&s;itum Crollii</HI> may be given with good &s;ucce&s;s, and about the neck (for a Wound of the Temporal Mu&s;cle, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) a Pla&s;ter may be applied, of which <HI>John&s;ton</HI> makes mention, <HI>Id. Med. l.</HI> 8. <HI>tit.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 2. made of Furnace Clay, and &s;harp Vinegar of Ro&s;es, &s;pread upon a Rowler four inches broad, and as often as it is dried, renewed, till the bleeding &s;top: And oftentimes it &s;tops within half an hour, or &s;ooner, to a wonder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ulterus, <HI>T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b.</HI> 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a|rag.</HI> 11.</NOTE> I thought good to take notice of the&s;e three remedies, becau&s;e they &s;top every de|plorable haemorrhage.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Chalybeate Waters may be drunk for a month, than which, in this ca&s;e, there is not a better remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. Among other Symptoms, that are produced by the hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e, and the Scurvy, fre|quent bleeding at the No&s;e is not the lea&s;t. A Scor|butick Man 55 years old, being afflicted with vari|ous &s;corbutick Symptoms, was at length taken with a great bleeding at his No&s;e, which, by often return|ing, did very much weaken him; all things were in vain; that therefore the too fluid and &s;harp <HI>Serum</HI> of the bloud might be tempered, and the &s;epara|tion of it from the re&s;t of the bloud might be hin|dred, I gave him Spirit of Vitriol, mixt with E&s;&s;ence of Violets, to moderate the acidity. The bu&s;ine&s;s was immediately done, and now the Di&s;ea&s;e has tarried away the&s;e two years. Two other Hypo|chondriacks, when one of them had every morn|ing a ri&s;ing of humours from his &s;tomach, and the other had a bleeding at the No&s;e at uncertain times, found benefit by the &s;ame Medicine. But in a double Quartane, inclining to a Drop&s;ie, accom|panied with bleeding at the No&s;e, the bloud being ebullient in every new Paroxy&s;m, this Medicine proved not altogether &s;o &s;ucce&s;sfull; neverthele&s;s, by little and little,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> Mi&s;c. cur. ann. <HI>72.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>106.</HI></NOTE> the bleeding at the No&s;e gave over. Therefore prai&s;e is due to the&s;e Acids, be|cau&s;e they coagulate a Bloud too fluid, and attenu|ate it, when grume&s;cent.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. I will here reveal to Candidates in Chirur|gery a &s;ingular &s;ecret concerning Comfrey-root, of which <HI>Tragus</HI> formerly made mention, but very briefly; namely, the Root of Comfrey dried and powdered is di&s;&s;olved in warm Spring-water, and well &s;haken together, till the water grow a little clammy with the vi&s;cou&s;ne&s;s of the Comfrey. Which mo&s;t &s;imple Medicine skilfull Chirurgeons prefer before many other Compounds, both for bleedings, and fractures, and di&s;locations. But if with the&s;e powdered roots you mix the White of an Egg, or Bole Armenick, the mixture will grow grumous, the Bole con&s;uming, or as it were imbibing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli.</NOTE> the glutinous part of the Comfrey.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> is a mo&s;t pre&s;ent remedy for bleeding, as well inwardly to &s;top the ebulliti|on, as outwardly di&s;&s;olved in &s;ome liquour, and &s;nuffed up the No&s;e. I gave a Man that was ill of a Symptomatick bleeding in a malignant Fever 3 grains of it in con&s;erve of Ro&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>l.</HI> 10. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE> with good &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. Narcoticks in Bleeding mu&s;t be u&s;ed with great prudence, and not, but upon urgent nece&s;|&s;ity: For they extingui&s;h the innate heat, and fix and congeal the &s;pirits about the Membranes of the Brain, whence comes an Apoplexy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. Petraeus, <HI>No&s;ol. Har|mon, p.</HI> 230.</NOTE> and an in|terception of the ve&s;&s;els and vital Spirit between the heart and the brain.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. I&s;chaimous Medicines are mo&s;t proper for a &s;imple haemorrhage; for acomplicate one <HI>&s;ecundum quid.</HI> So they are proper in haemorrhagies of the No&s;e, Wounds, Arteries, the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> Haemorrhoids, Spitting of Bloud, making of Bloudy-water, Dy|&s;entery, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But if any other &s;pecial Di&s;ea&s;e be joined with it, that limits the u&s;e of them, and we mu&s;t look to it principally. So a Dy&s;entery, and a Bloudy-water after the Stone, require a proper Medicine for them&s;elves, not ab&s;olutely things that &s;top bloud, but with re&s;pect to the Stone, and to other cau&s;es al&s;o, which when they are an&s;wered by their proper remedies, the bleeding it &s;elf is al&s;o &s;topt. And be&s;ides, it is evident, they are not pro|per for any bleedings at all, to any other end, than when they primarily indicate a&s;triction; as for ex|ample,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedelius,</HI> de S. M. fac. p. <HI>237.</HI></NOTE> it would be a fooli&s;h thing in a Pleuri&s;ie or Spitting of Bloud, to &s;top it; The rea&s;on is the &s;ame in other ca&s;es.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. Hither al&s;o may be referred the violent &s;topping of the No&s;e: for by it in this ca&s;e nothing farther is done, than that the bloud regurgitates in|to the Mouth: And therefore this is the &s;ame, as if one would repre&s;s the violence of fermenting Mu&s;t by &s;topping the bung of the Ve&s;&s;el. It were better to remove and precipitate the Orga&s;m; which being removed, it is ea&s;ily &s;topt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Some tye a piece of Silver-money upon an Artery wounded in the Wri&s;t: Yet this Liga|ture, which mu&s;t be very &s;trait (for a lax one does not at all &s;top the bleeding) &s;eems to be very dan|gerous, for fear of a Gangrene in the hand, and Mortification allowing thereupon. Wherefore I think Mens &s;afety might be better provided for, if all Chirurgeons (in fortuitous Wounds of the Wri&s;t, or in opening the Arteries there on pur|po&s;e) had an in&s;trument in readine&s;s, made of &s;everal plates of Iron, perforated with &s;everal holes, that cotton, and a linen cloth over it may be quilted into it, and fitted to the Arm like a &s;leeve, and that it may open and &s;hut. This, by &s;trongly
<PB N="275" REF="143"> compre&s;&s;ing the cut Ve&s;&s;el, with its umbellated Screw, &s;tops the dangerous flux of Arterious bloud. In my time there lived at <HI>Padua</HI> an experienced Arteriotomi&s;t, who, for the cure of violent and pertinacious Head-aches, did often, by the advice of Phy&s;icians, open the Arteries of the Wri&s;t with very good &s;ucce&s;s, and having taken away the quantity of bloud pre&s;cribed, and compre&s;&s;ed the wound &s;o clo&s;e with the &s;aid In&s;trument, that not one drop of bloud came, nor did any mi&s;chief &s;u|pervene, which might otherwi&s;e have been feared, from the violent compre&s;ion of the ve&s;&s;els. If therefore, contrary to the expectation, either of the Chirurgeon or the Patient, an unskilfull and ra&s;h Barber, &s;hould cut, in &s;tead of the Ba&s;ilick Vein, the Artery that accompanies it, whence of|tentimes either life flies out with the bloud, or an Aneuri&s;m ari&s;es, which being ill handled may be the cau&s;e of Death; I advi&s;e, that be&s;ide the reme|dy propo&s;ed by <HI>D. Greg. Hor&s;tius Chirurg. Ob&s;erv.</HI> 1. an in&s;trument be applied to the Artery hurt in the bending of the Arm, with a Bill like that for the Wri&s;t, which has immediately &s;topt the bleeding by compre&s;&s;ing the Artery, and has &s;afely hindred the breeding of a dangerous <HI>Aneuri&s;ma.</HI> I, in defect of &s;uch an in&s;trument, have applied a whole Peach-&s;tone, and tied it fa&s;t down upon Arteries, that have been wounded through imprudence, with good &s;ucce&s;s. In <HI>Switzerland</HI> they compre&s;s Arte|ries, that are broken or cut by chance, or art, with the convex woody &s;hell of a Wallnut,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> and with &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. If Bloud come from the Arteries, the cure is very difficult. Fir&s;t therefore, let us by Venaefection hinder the Bloud from coming into the Artery; for &s;o the violence of the flowing Bloud is &s;topt: Then let us &s;top the Artery, upon which the greate&s;t difficulty in the whole bu&s;ine&s;s depends; for we can either touch the place where the Artery is, or we cannot: If we can touch the Artery, then we pre&s;s and clo&s;e it with the finger; So in Bleeding at the No&s;e, we &s;top the Bleeding by pre&s;&s;ing the jugular carotid Artery; or, if we can make a Ligature, we have recour&s;e to it. But if we cannot touch the place where the Artery is, we u&s;e Coolers in the Ve&s;&s;els, and A&s;tringents to the fle&s;h. So <HI>P. Borellus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 95. wraps a linen-cloth, wet in cold water, about the &s;tones, and after Venae&s;ection touches it onely with Alume, or <HI>Colco|thar, cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 7. <HI>Hartman,</HI> if he can come at it, ties the Artery with a &s;ilken-thread, afterwards he fills the aperture with <HI>Colcothar,</HI> and clo&s;es it with a decent ligature over <HI>Emplo&s;trum Dia&s;ulphuris</HI> for &s;e|veral days: Then, to prevent all putrefaction, he &s;ometimes foments the part affected with clothes wet in a hot <HI>Lixivium</HI> of <HI>Lapis Salutis.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f|mannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Although mo&s;t &s;top Bloud, after an Arm or Leg is cut off, with red hot Irons; yet <HI>Paulus Marquardus Slegelius</HI> has ob&s;erved, it &s;hould rather be done by a&s;tringent powders, becau&s;e, when the ends of the Veins and Arteries are burnt, the Bloud can|not &s;o ea&s;ily find a way for to keep its motion, which it has, as it were in a circle, whereupon a Gangrene ari&s;es. Hence it came to pa&s;s, that in his time in <HI>Paris,</HI> in the Ho&s;pital, which they call <HI>le H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;iel Dieu,</HI> of five Men, who&s;e Arms and Legs were cut off, onely one e&s;caped, who was not &s;eared, but had <HI>Bonettus,</HI> a mo&s;t experienced Chirurgeon, his powder applied; Take of Bole armenick, Dra|gon's-bloud, <HI>Gyp&s;um, Terra &s;igillata,</HI> Alo&euml;s, Ma&s;tick, burnt-Galls, each 2 ounces, common bole 4 ounces, fine Flower 3 ounces, Pitch, Ro&s;in, Bloud 2 oun|ces, Myrrh 1 ounce and an half. Make a powder. Yet I have &s;een &s;earing u&s;ed &s;ucce&s;sfully at <HI>Pa|dua.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 90.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. An actual Cautery is the la&s;t remedy, be|cau&s;e, by &s;udden Burning, if it can touch the Veins, or the Arteries, whence the Bloud comes, it &s;tops the Bleeding. And this is done with a red-hot Iron, made according to the wound; and the end wherewith it mu&s;t Burn, mu&s;t, if the place it is put into be narrow, be &s;harp, as into the hole where|out a Tooth has been drawn; or it mu&s;t end in a round knob, which mu&s;t be greater or le&s;s; or it mu&s;t have a broad <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> in large broad wounds. For which rea&s;on, in limbs that are cut off, they u&s;e to Burn the Wound with a broad Plate: Which yet &s;ometimes has but little &s;ucce&s;s, e&s;pe|cially if Section be made in a thick and fle&s;hy-part, becau&s;e this Burning does not touch the Orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els that are cut and retracted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> but onely touches the fle&s;h; and in that time, before the Pla|&s;ters be applied, there is a great lo&s;s of Bloud.</P>
<P N="50">L. <HI>Galen</HI> 5. <HI>aphor.</HI> 30. advi&s;es us to prevent Bleed|ing, e&s;pecially by taking away of Bloud, towards the beginning of Spring, which if the Patients re|fu&s;e, they mu&s;t be purged with Phy&s;ick that purges all humours: for &s;o the carrying off of humours, the Bloud e&s;pecially, will follow as we would wi&s;h; for, by opening a Vein, and taking away but two ounces of bad Bloud twice a year, we may gain &s;ome pounds of good Bloud. For the opera|tion of irritated Nature is not &s;afe, who, when the ve&s;&s;els are opened, cannot tell how to keep any mea&s;ure, as the Phy&s;ician does; who moreover,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">2. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> when he purges by Art, does not make a cu&s;tome of it.</P>
<P N="51">LI. The Que&s;tion is, Whether they that Bleed, mu&s;t be kept in Bed, or up? Without doubt the weak, and they that are &s;ubject to frequent Bleed|ing, mu&s;t not be rai&s;ed, unle&s;s perhaps to try to cure them. As for them that are not &s;o weak, I think we may thus determine. They who&s;e &s;topt pores hinder the Bloud from tran&s;piring, becau&s;e the Bloud is more apt to be rai&s;ed into great and eruptive turge&s;cencies by the heat of the Bed, it is expedient for them not onely to tarry up, till they leave off Bleeding, but to be cooled by ex|ternal applications in the whole habit of the Body, or in mo&s;t of the parts. Wherefore <HI>Fabricius Hilda|nus</HI> relates, how one was taken with a violent Bleed|ing at the No&s;e, whom he could not cure by any ordinary Medicines, which he had tried to no purpo&s;e: but that he quickly cured him, by plunging him into a Kettle of cold Water. And with the like &s;ucce&s;s <HI>Riverius</HI> took one, that was held in the &s;ame manner, out of his Bed, ordered him to be &s;et on a Carpet upon the floor, and fomented his Body all over with clothes dipt in cold Water. Yet this method is not proper for all Men, nor at all &s;ea&s;ons alike; but on the contrary, it is conve|nient for them, who&s;e Bloud is halituous, and has more open pores, ea&s;ily evaporates, and u&s;es to di&s;|&s;olve into Sweat, with a moderate ambient heat, and therefore is more &s;edate, to be kept in Bed, not onely when they Bleed, but when they are like to Bleed. Truely this is the rea&s;on, why &s;everal, that are &s;ubject to Bleeding, live free from it all Sum|mer-time, when they freely tran&s;pire: But when the Winter Cold nips them, becau&s;e their pores are &s;hut, they have frequent and dangerous fits of Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Make a piece of Mil&s;tone red-hot, quench it in Vinegar, hold their No&s;e over the Smoak of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> and &s;o you may &s;top their Bleeding.</P>
<P N="2">2. Shepherd's-pur&s;e, if it be brui&s;ed with the White of an Egg and a little Vinegar, and applied to the Forehead, pre&s;ently the Bloud is &s;topt, as I have often found by experience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. A Nobleman told me, that the Mo&s;s taken off Tiles, &s;teept in Vinegar, and applied to the crown of the head, is good; and nothing is bet|ter than Darnel-root,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE> which &s;tops Bleeding to a Miracle.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="276" REF="144">4. An admirable remedy for Bleeding; Take of the leaves of Nettle, brui&s;e them, and wet them with Water di&s;tilled off Nettle. This applied to the Soles of the Feet and the Palms of the Hands, produces wonderfull effects.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Four drops of Oil of <HI>Mars</HI> in a draught of Wine pre&s;ently &s;top Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Bry.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. This is a mo&s;t efficacious powder, to &s;nuff in|to the No&s;e; Take a new Sponge, wet it in &s;trong Vinegar, cover it with Tar, then burn it in an Earthen pot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. The &s;tone of Carps powdered, and applied with the Down of Quince-apples, is highly com|mended.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. Powder of dried Bloud, with Bean-flower blown in, or applied, exceeds all credit. &para; This powder wonderfully &s;tops the Bloud of Wounds; Take of Sheep's Bloud dried and powdered 4 ounces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deodatus.</NOTE> <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> red <HI>Colcothar,</HI> each 2 drachms. Mix them, and &s;trow them on Wounds.</P>
<P N="9">9. Powder of a Toad is very good for the ter|ror of the <HI>Archaeus,</HI> which is a mo&s;t certain remedy. &para; Red Vitriol is good in a pertinacious haemor|rhage,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE> which put into the No&s;trils in the manner of a Tent, makes a cru&s;t like a Cautery.</P>
<P N="10">10. The Down which is found in Poplar-Buds, if they be pluckt in <HI>May,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tach. Rhudius.</NOTE> and laid in the &s;hade, till they be dilated, and give a Down like Cotton, does wonderfully &s;top all Bleeding.</P>
<P N="11">11. The black Excre&s;cences appearing in Rye-Ears, if three or four grains of them be taken, &s;tops all Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Stockkerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. If a red-hot Iron be held under the No&s;e as it bleeds, &s;o that the vapour of the Burnt-bloud may a&s;cend to the No&s;e, immediately the Bleeding &s;tops.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Haemorrhoides,</HI> or, The Piles.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their exce&s;&s;ive Bleeding mu&s;t not be ra&s;hly &s;topt. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where bloud mu&s;t be let when they are &s;topt? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they run exce&s;&s;ively, bloud may be let in the lower Veins. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they &s;hould be opened with a Penknife? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether in curing haemorrhoids of a long continuance, all of them mu&s;t be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of their too much running by bloud-letting. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In whom they may &s;afely be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarifications, Cuppings, Ligatures, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> do not &s;top them, when they run too much. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not onely bloud, but a puriform matter &s;ometimes runs out of them. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch bloud comes? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the thick and black humours, which they void, do come from the Spleen? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Tying, Cutting and Burning be proper for their ex|ce&s;&s;ive running? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether an old Flux mu&s;t be let alone or &s;topt? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An exce&s;&s;ive one &s;topt by &s;earing. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The body mu&s;t be exactly prepared, before they be &s;topt. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are painfull from all bloud, and not onely from melancho|lick. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of painfull and di&s;tended ones by compunction. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of latent ones. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sharp Cly&s;ters are bad to provoke them. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pain cured by an ea&s;ie Medicine. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ea&s;ed by opening a vein in the little Toe. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pain of the blind ones cea&s;ing, by an I&s;&s;ue made below the Knee. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are painfull, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from violent Pur|gers. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why remedies mu&s;t be varied? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mu&s;t &s;ometimes be made u&s;e of. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of them excre&s;cent, ea&s;ie and &s;afe. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of Tumid ones without pain and inflammation. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pain mu&s;t be ea&s;ed variou&s;ly. <HI>XXVIII, XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Flux is often provoked by Medicines of Scammony and Sen|na. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tamarinds and Syrup of Ro&s;es are &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t purge in an exce&s;&s;ive flux of them? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Rheubarb. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not accu&s;tome our &s;elves to them. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To &s;top them a decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> is excellent; And deriva|tion to the Womb. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Abu&s;e of Cly&s;ters hurtfull for &s;uch as are &s;ubject to the Piles. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;nguents not proper. <HI>XXXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Remember, when I had the mo&s;t Illu&s;trious <HI>Ann</HI> Counte&s;s of <HI>Waldeck</HI> of the family of the Duke of <HI>Cleves,</HI> under cure, for a mo&s;t grie|vous and tedious Flux of the haemorrhoids; and when I &s;aw that her &s;trength was wa&s;ted, and her &s;pirits &s;pent, and &s;o, that &s;he was in great danger, I &s;topt them. But though &s;he was refre&s;hed the fir&s;t day thereby, yet &s;he was wonderfully oppre&s;&s;ed on the following days, and &s;he began to &s;well and puff up about her heart. When I was called on the &s;ixth day, I was forced to open the veins, and make the haemorrhoids bleed again; nor could I with any &s;e|curity clo&s;e them, till I had provided for the body by gentle Evacuations, and for the Liver, with other things that are alterative and corroborating.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> Therefore here we mu&s;t act dexterou&s;ly, le&s;t we leap out of the Frying-pan into the Fire.</P>
<P N="2">II. Becau&s;e oftentimes there is no le&s;s danger when they are too much &s;topt, than when they run too much, e&s;pecially in &s;uch who&s;e cu&s;tome it has been to be purged that way at &s;et-times, and we mu&s;t have a care they be not &s;topt longer than is convenient; therefore it is proper to let Bloud in the inner veins of the Legs, about the inner An|kle, or in the veins under the Ham: for, by open|ing them, the &s;uppre&s;&s;ed Piles are provoked, accor|ding to <HI>Galen, l. de V. S.</HI> But if the Body do not appear very much oppre&s;&s;ed, nor any danger as yet &s;eem to be feared from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of them; yet it is good to provide for, and to take care of Mens health, le&s;t &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e breed by their be|ing too much &s;topt: It will doe good &s;ometimes to open a vein in either Arm: for &s;o you will pre|vent the nece&s;&s;ity of the haemorrhoids, the cau&s;e, that is, of that Flux, being in &s;ome mea&s;ure remo|ved, and you will abate Nature's pains in bringing them at certain times:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and you will avoid &s;ome inconvenience which may happen. &para; For the cure, &s;ome teach, that, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> a vein mu&s;t be opened in the Foot, becau&s;e the opening of this vein provokes the haemorrhoids. In which matter the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t not be too ha&s;ty, a plenitude of Bloud continuing, becau&s;e by this Bleeding, the Bloud often falls with &s;uch violence upon the lower parts, and e&s;pecially the part affected, that a wor&s;e Di&s;ea&s;e follows; and hence I have &s;een in &s;uch a ca&s;e great Inflammations, and &s;ometimes Gangrenes al&s;o have followed. Wherefore, the plenitude remaining, not the lower, but rather the upper veins mu&s;t be opened. And this mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved e&s;pecially, when there is an intention one|ly to allay pain, and not to provoke the haemor|rhoids; for where no intention is to provoke them, it is &s;afer, in every ca&s;e, to open the upper veins, and the rather, if we have a mind to &s;top them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In a preternatural running of the Haemor|rhoids, although a Vein mu&s;t be opened in the Arm, becau&s;e the Fluxion which tends to the Head may be drawn back by opening a Vein in the Legs; &s;o that which tends to the Feet or <HI>Anus,</HI> by opening a Vein in the Arm. For if the Bloud run impetuou&s;ly by the Arteries to the lower parts, and a Vein be opened in the Arm, the Bloud cannot chu&s;e but be carried with le&s;s violence
<PB N="277" REF="144"> to the lower parts, for want of Bloud, that is, if a good quantity have been taken by venae&s;ection. And &s;ince it has an ea&s;ier <HI>exit,</HI> where a Vein is o|pen, the Bloud mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily run by tho&s;e Arte|ries rather, which are &s;oone&s;t drained by the ope|ned Vein, than by them out of which into the Veins there is not &s;o ready a pa&s;&s;age; and &s;o the Bloud which before ran by the Arteries down|wards, when a Vein is opened in the Arm, and the cour&s;e changed, mu&s;t needs tend upwards to the Arm, by the branches of the upper Arteries. Yet we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, if there be an Inflammation al|ready in the Haemorrhoids, then we mu&s;t bleed ra|ther in the Leg than in the Arm, becau&s;e in this ca&s;e we have not &s;o much regard to the humour af|fluent, as affluxed, which wants evacuation and de|rivation.</P>
<P>Bleeding by venae&s;ection will then be convenient, when the exce&s;&s;ive Flux of the Haemorrhoids pro|ceeds from redundance of Bloud in the Me&s;araick Veins, for though Bloud do not then run out of them by opening a Vein, becau&s;e the&s;e Veins no where reach to the Skin; yet, becau&s;e the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> being in &s;ome &s;ort exhau&s;ted of the Bloud by it, draws Bloud out of the Me&s;araicks, by the means &s;ome evacuation of it is made thence al&s;o by revul|&s;ion, and e&s;pecially by plentifull bleeding in &s;ome patent Vein in the Arm or Hand: Or al&s;o by ope|ning &s;ome apparent or manife&s;t Vein in the Leg or Foot, the taking of Bloud out of which does not provoke the Haemorrhoids, as it does the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> be|cau&s;e the&s;e Veins are not continued with the haemor|rhoidal Veins, as they are with them whereout the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> come, and therefore not by attraction, but, as I &s;aid, by revul&s;ion; in this Bloud-letting the Haemorrhoids are rather &s;topt than provoked.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. There are &s;ome that open the Haemorrhoids with the point of a Knife; but &s;ome bleed immo|derately, and the Bloud will &s;top with no Reme|dies: Be&s;ides, the Wound made with the In&s;tru|ment becomes cacoethick. Leeches clean&s;ed from their &s;lime &s;hould be preferred; but before they are applied, the Skin mu&s;t be mollified and attenu|ated with an emollient fomentation: for &s;o they ea&s;ily wound the part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE> If they refu&s;e to fa&s;ten on the place, it mu&s;t be &s;meared with Hen's bloud.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 12. &s;ays, that in the Cure of old Haemorrhoids, unle&s;s &s;ome one be kept o|pen, there is danger of a Drop&s;ie or a Con&s;umpti|on impendent. Therefore <HI>Aetius</HI> mu&s;t not be heard, who &s;ays, they mu&s;t all be healed up: For if a true preparation of the body be made before the Cure, and if a due cour&s;e of Diet be kept after|wards, there will be no fear of a Con&s;umption or Drop&s;ie, or any great Mi&s;chief: But if one be kept open, it cannot be called a Cure. And neverthe|le&s;s it will afflict: for the prudent old Man, let <HI>Aetius</HI> doe or &s;ay what he plea&s;es, will have one kept open: for 4. <HI>acut. t.</HI> 126. where he propo&s;es the Cure of the Haemorrhoids, he &s;ays, <Q>You mu&s;t always keep one open, afterwards you mu&s;t purge with Hellebore, then let him be exerci&s;ed, and &s;weat, and be much rubbed: Let him vomit thrice a month, let him drink yellow Wine, au&s;tere, watry and little</Q>; In which words he &s;hews the way how to avoid dangers, although one be kept open. And they are not to be regarded, who re|concile <HI>Aetius,</HI> &s;aying, that where the Flux is me|lancholick, one &s;hould always be kept; but where it is pituitous, then all of them may be cured: &s;eeing the Bloud that comes by the Haemorrhoids offends either in quantity or quality; and what way &s;oever it comes, unle&s;s one be kept, there is great danger of Life;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 27. <HI>tom.</HI> 1.</NOTE> and though one be kept, that afflicts much le&s;s than more would. &para; A dogmatick Phy&s;ician &s;hould have the &s;cope of urgency, which exceeds all, eternally in his memory: wherefore if they have bled immoderately, both long and much, then the Bleeding mu&s;t be &s;topt, becau&s;e he is in danger of dying &s;uddenly, for Life con|&s;i&s;ts in Bloud, therefore it mu&s;t be &s;topt pre&s;ently; for all excretion of Bloud is <HI>toto genere</HI> preternatu|ral, and if &s;udden Death do not follow, a Drop|&s;ie, Cachexy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will follow. What therefore &s;hould we &s;tand upon, when the &s;trength is brought low, and the Patient feels him&s;elf &s;en&s;ibly hurt, and e&s;pecially when the Bloud runs out of the ex|ternal Veins <HI>in Ano?</HI> For there are two branches of Veins near the <HI>Anus;</HI> &s;ome internal, or in the coats of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> ari&s;ing from the bran|ches of the <HI>Porta,</HI> that is, from the anous Ve&s;&s;els al|lotted to the Spleen, which are the evacuations of the Cacochymie and feculent Bloud: Others are external, which are in the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Anus,</HI> and derive their original from the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> which eva|cuate a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and pure and laudable Bloud. If therefore the Bloud be &s;uperfluous, and voided by the external Veins, and is not black, as that which comes from the internal Veins, then it mu&s;t be &s;topt by all means, for the above&s;aid Rea&s;ons. But if the Bloud that is yet voided, be much, come from the internal Ve&s;&s;els, and be black, what mu&s;t be done? Whether mu&s;t all the Veins be &s;hut, or one left o|pen? If this &s;uperfluous Bloud come from the in|ternal Veins, and be black, not of many years continuance, nor accu&s;tomed to the Man's nature (becau&s;e what things Men are accu&s;tomed to, are almo&s;t natural) and in the beginning of a full Age, they may all be &s;hut, whether the Patient have two, three or four, or but one: for it is very likely the inner Bowels have contracted no contumacious and notorious hurt or intemperature, and e&s;pecially if the Man have not been ill of melancholick Di&s;ea|&s;es; yet &s;o as that every year, at certain times, he refu&s;e not to bleed and purge, and to keep an exqui&s;ite and curious cour&s;e of Diet. On the con|trary, if this Flux be inveterate, and hath been of an old &s;tanding, then they mu&s;t not all be &s;hut by no means, but one mu&s;t be left open. For no Man can inviolably u&s;e &s;o curious a cour&s;e of Diet, Bleeding and Purging, but the reliques of a fierce melancholick humour may be bred again in the Bo|dy, &s;ince in chronical Di&s;ea&s;es there mu&s;t ever of nece&s;&s;ity be great intemperatures in the Bowels, and rebellious and contumacious hurts; Where|fore without doubt there will be a greater portion of the melancholick humour, which will breed af|terwards more and more, than it is po&s;&s;ible by the efficacy of Art to evacuate wholly, &s;eeing Mens di&s;po&s;itions are &s;uch, e&s;pecially in our times, where greater errours by far are committed in Diet, than in ancient times. And if <HI>Hippocrates</HI> would always have one kept open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphanius Ferdinandus, <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 6.</NOTE> why may not the &s;ame be done in our time?</P>
<P N="6">VI. If the Flux be grievous, the inner Vein of the Arm may be opened, which is a ready and ef|fectual Remedy. If the Flux have la&s;ted long, and &s;pent the &s;trength, le&s;t there &s;hould be a &s;udden lo&s;s of &s;pirits, it is good to bleed a little at &s;eve|ral times, &s;o the &s;trength will be le&s;s prejudiced, and the revul&s;ion will be more evident by iterated retractions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenande<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. In a Man, who had had an immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids for four years, I endeavoured the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of it, that &s;o, not onely what was trouble&s;ome might be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, but al&s;o that the good Bloud, the trea&s;ure of Life, might be &s;topt, not regarding the Tales of tho&s;e Phy&s;icians, who talk that they can &s;et bounds to this Flux, as if, at their plea&s;ure, and when there is occa&s;ion, it were in their power to open or &s;top it; while in the mean time they ca&s;t their mi&s;erable Patients in|to Cachexies, Atrophies, Drop&s;ies and Death. Nor are they le&s;s to be derided, who, per&s;ua|ding them&s;elves that they can defend <HI>Hippocrates</HI> or <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion, do not onely &s;uffer the Flux of me|lancholick, thick Bloud, for who&s;e &s;ake at the be|ginning Nature u&s;es to rai&s;e the Haemorrhoids, but
<PB N="278" REF="145"> of the good al&s;o, as in proce&s;s of time it very of|ten, yea always, happens; except in a few, who at &s;et times are moderately purged by the &s;edal Veins, and thereby are pre&s;erved and defended from very many Di&s;ea&s;es enumerated by <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> Others al&s;o have interpreted <HI>Hippocrates</HI> fooli&s;hly, who, <HI>Aphor.</HI> 6. 12. &s;eems to advi&s;e them that would heal this inveterate Di&s;ea&s;e with a chirurgical Hand, to keep one open (which yet he does not mention <HI>lib. de Haemorrhoid.</HI>) wherefore they have Revellents, Incra&s;&s;aters and A&s;tringents in &s;u&s;picion, as if they thought it were an ea&s;ie matter to &s;top this evacu|ation. But becau&s;e I have ob&s;erved in my Practice, that &s;trong Remedies did little good, and gentle ones none at all, I u&s;e all the <HI>Apparatus</HI> of Medicines to &s;uppre&s;s it, yet &s;o as it be not moderate, perio|dick, of thick and melancholick Bloud, nor trouble|&s;ome to the Patient; becau&s;e from &s;uch the Patient rather finds relief than detriment. Of which ex|cellent Doctrine, not I, but <HI>Galen</HI> is the Teacher, who, 4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 25. &s;ays, that for Bloud to be voi|ded upwards, what&s;oever it be, is bad; but to bleed downwards, by the Haemorrhoids, is good; when black &s;tuff is voided, that is, when the Man's nature gathers abundance of &s;uch humour. Other|wi&s;e we mu&s;t not ra&s;hly accu&s;tome our &s;elves to e|vacuation by the Haemorrhoids. For either exce&s;s is accounted dangerous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 100. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> both when Bloud is voided above mea&s;ure, and when it is totally &s;topt.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. It ought to be ob&s;erved, that they are in a gro&s;s errour, who in an exce&s;&s;ive Flux of the Hae|morrhoids from the Ve&s;&s;els being opened, do &s;et Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the Back-bone, and &s;everal ways draw from the Hips to the Neck or Shoulders; thinking by the&s;e means, the Bloud will be retrac|ted. Whereas by the&s;e means, granting the circu|lation of the Bloud, more Bloud is drawn to the place affected, and the Ve&s;&s;els are opened, by in|crea&s;ing the Flux of Bloud in the greater Ve&s;&s;els, which being afterwards quickned at the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> in|crea&s;es its Flux in the Arteries. &para; Scarifications, Cuppings, Ligatures, Frictions, although they be proper for Revul&s;ion in other Haemorrhagies, wherein the Bloud comes out of the Branches of the <HI>Vena cava;</HI> yet here, &s;ince they can neither ex|hau&s;t the Bloud out of the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> nor derive it from the Me&s;araicks to any other place, they will doe little good.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Fernelius, lib.</HI> 6. <HI>de Part. morb. &amp; Symptomat. c.</HI> 10. has ob&s;erved, which I al&s;o have ob&s;erved, that &s;ometimes there comes out of the <HI>Podex,</HI> without Pain or Bloud, &s;ome mucous or whiti&s;h Filth, which &s;ome mi&s;take for <HI>Pus.</HI> He thinks it is as it were the Slime and Dregs of melancholick Bloud, which the &s;edal Veins do void a long time, commonly after tedious melancholick Di&s;ea&s;es, and hard riding. <HI>Platerus</HI> writes, that this comes the &s;ame way, as Womens Whites: That, like as in Women Nature rids her &s;elf of that white matter by the men&s;trual Veins, &s;o here &s;he does it by the haemorrhoidal, of a matter not unlike the white tenaceous <HI>Men&s;trua.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">nerius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. The&s;e Veins are not all of them of one &s;ort, as has hitherto been believed by many, but &s;ome are internal, ari&s;ing from the <HI>Porta,</HI> others external, from the <HI>Cava,</HI> to which the haemorrhoidal Arte|ries are joined, by which the humours to be eva|cuated are carried. Onely the internal were known to the Ancients, commended as in &s;plenick and me|lancholick Di&s;ea&s;es, and as if they might be opened about the <HI>Podex,</HI> or Leeches might be applied to them; whereas no Branches of the <HI>Porta,</HI> that lies within, do reach the Skin, which may be cut. They differ, 1. In their original, for the internal come from the <HI>Porta,</HI> &s;ometimes from the &s;plenick Branch, whence comes the <HI>Vas breve:</HI> The external from the hypoga&s;trick Branch of the <HI>Cava.</HI> 2. In in&s;ertion, for the internal are in&s;erted into the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum:</HI> The external into the mu&s;cu|lous &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Anus.</HI> 3. In number, the in|ternal is one: the external three. 4. In the quali|ties of the contained Bloud, the Bloud of the in|ternal is thick and black: of the external, thin and red. 5. In their u&s;e, the internal empty the <HI>Porta,</HI> and help ob&s;tructions of the Spleen: the external do empty the <HI>Cava</HI> and Liver by accident, but pri|marily the great Artery and the Heart: yea, their evacuation cures &s;anguine Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, Brea&s;t, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o mentions in his Aphori&s;ms; hence the internal are &s;aid to cure a Cacochymie, the external a Plethory. 6. In pro|fu&s;ion of Bloud, the Flux of the internal is not &s;o plentifull: of the external, &s;o great &s;ometimes, that Death or grievous Di&s;ea&s;es do follow. 7. In evacuation of the external there is no pain or gri|ping in the Belly, &s;ometimes al&s;o no pain in the <HI>A|nus;</HI> which in evacuation of the internal do afflict. 8. Arteries do not accompany the internal Veins: the external Veins de&s;cend to the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Anus</HI> with the Arteries;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Bar|tholinus, <HI>li|bello</HI> 1. <HI>ca.</HI> 4.</NOTE> therefore the&s;e are more rightly called haemorrhoidal Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We often &s;ee thick and black humours eva|cuated by the Haemorrhoids, that run &s;pontaneou&s;|ly. But we mu&s;t know, that this Bloud comes not from the Spleen, but from the Plethory of the whole Body into the&s;e Veins, and is di&s;charged as into the more ignoble parts; where, if it tarry, it may ea&s;ily fall into corruption and putrefaction, &s;o that it looks like a &s;ort of Impo&s;thume,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus,</HI> Met. Med. p. <HI>86.</HI></NOTE> and the&s;e Haemorrhoids &s;eem to be a kind of <HI>Varices.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Vict. acut.</HI> and <HI>lib. de Haemor|rhoid.</HI> propounds Tying, Cutting and Burning, &s;a|ving one open, which operation, as being very la|borious and exceeding dangerous, is grown ob&s;o|lete in our times. Yet <HI>Ma&s;&s;oria</HI> &s;ays, he once &s;aw this operation, the Hi&s;tory whereof it may be u&s;e|full to de&s;cribe, becau&s;e from thence the manner of operation and the event will appear. <HI>Fridericus Cor&s;icus</HI> had been ill, fir&s;t of a Pain, then of an im|moderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids: And when he had tried many Remedies in vain, he at length betook him&s;elf to <HI>Padua,</HI> where the Phy&s;icians by common con&s;ent re&s;olved, that the Bloud mu&s;t be &s;topt by manual operation. A <HI>Neapolitan</HI> Chirur|geon, who profe&s;&s;ed that thing, was called. The Haemorrhoids were cut, tied and burnt. The &s;um of the operation is this: Fir&s;t, they conveniently bind the Man, then they excarnate the extreme heads of the Haemorrhoids, how many &s;oever they be, and gently &s;eparate them from the Inte&s;tine, then, with a certain proper &s;trong Needle with a Thread, they perforate them all almo&s;t to the end, and tye them &s;trait and &s;ew them, when this is done, they clip off the part of the Veins which is above the Suture and fear it with a red hot Iron: Truly, a very painfull and tire&s;ome Work, what with the Ligature, Section and the Burning. A Fever and great Pain came upon <HI>Frederick,</HI> but the Chirurge|on u&s;ing &s;ome of his own Remedies, he, in a few days, was free from his Fever, Pain and Haemor|rhoids, to the admiration of many. But it mu&s;t not be omitted, that he, being over confident of him&s;elf, did not onely omit Bleeding and Purging, but kept no good Diet, and the next year he died of a pe&s;tilential Fever. Wherefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Rule, <HI>Aphor.</HI> 12. 6. mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that one Hae|morrhoid &s;hould be kept open: Unle&s;s, according to <HI>Aetius,</HI> the Patient had rather prevent all mi&s;chief by a frugal Diet, Exerci&s;e, Bleeding and Pur|ging.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. It &s;eems an old Flux &s;hould be &s;topt. 1. The Flux is <HI>toto genere</HI> preternatural. 2. Nature is weak|ned by &s;pending of the &s;pirits. 3. The Body is cooled and deprived of its aliment thereby. It &s;eems it &s;hould not be &s;topt: 1. Upon the Autho|rity of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 12. 2. For fear of the recour&s;e of the Bloud to the Liver and to the noble parts. 3. Divers mi&s;chiefs follow the &s;topping it, e&s;pecially a Quartane-ague, and a Jaundice from the
<PB N="279" REF="145"> Spleen, as <HI>Joubertus, lib. de Quart. cap.</HI> 9. &s;ays. For the deci&s;ion of this ca&s;e, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that this Flux, as it is made by the expul&s;ive faculty, forced by the &s;uperfluous and noxious Bloud, in an ab&s;olute propriety of &s;peaking, is preternatural; wherefore in that thing it differs from the men&s;tru|ous Flux, becau&s;e this is commonly agreeable with &s;ound Con&s;titutions, ina&s;much as provident Nature hath granted a redundance of good Bloud, and will have the &s;ame di&s;charged by the Womb, that in its proper time it may &s;erve to nouri&s;h the Child: Therefore the Flux of the Haemorrhoids does not happen to, nor &s;hould be procured in well and healthy Con&s;titutions, as <HI>Solenander, &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 20. &s;ays. But to whom it is peculiar, and by cu&s;tome natural, in them it mu&s;t be governed by &s;ingular medical prudence, that it may neither be &s;uppre&s;|&s;ed longer than is good for the Body, nor void the humour in greater abundance, than is con&s;i&s;tent with the Rules of Health. Therefore <HI>Jacchinus, in</HI> 9. <HI>Rha&s;. c.</HI> 72. &s;ays well; Sometimes it mu&s;t be let alone, if it return at periods, and be not exce&s;|&s;ive; Sometimes it mu&s;t be &s;topt, if it hurt the &s;trength, &s;o that Concoction is vitiated, and a Drop&s;ie may thence follow. Yea, we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve here, what <HI>Salvus Sclanus</HI> has, <HI>Comm. in Art. Med. Gal. l.</HI> 3. That in many Di&s;ea&s;es and Fevers evacu|ation is made by the haemorrhoid Veins, by apply|ing Leeches, which mu&s;t be &s;et not onely to &s;uch as u&s;e to be opened, but to whom this evacuation is not u&s;ual, if we conjecture that adu&s;t Bloud does abound: for this evacuation ea&s;es the Body of that unprofitable burthen, and al&s;o drives away all tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, to which Melancholy affords matter, which <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">, reckons up. To the Arguments we mu&s;t &s;ay, that the affirmative do conclude, as to a Flux of laudable Bloud, in Na|tures not u&s;ed to it, coming without any periods: That the negative do intend tho&s;e Haemorrhoids, that evacuate peccant Bloud in Natures u&s;ed to them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Dec.</HI> 6. <HI>probl. q<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 8.</NOTE> and at certain times, in &s;uch as are endued with a &s;ort of neutral con&s;titution of Body.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The Flux of the Haemorrhoids is &s;ometimes &s;o pertinaceous, that it is impo&s;&s;ible to &s;top it by revul&s;ion, or by a&s;tringent Medicines. I experien|ced &s;uch a pertinacy in a Noble-man at <HI>Venice</HI> 26 years old, of a &s;anguine Complexion, in Spring|time, who was fir&s;t ill (for he had never had them before) of the external Haemorrhoids running too much. When I was called to him, when neither Bloud-letting, nor dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es &s;et to his Back, nor Ligatures, nor a&s;tringent Medicines, in|ternal and external, did any good, and the Pati|ent was then in danger of his Life, I propounded according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Aetius,</HI> contrary to <HI>Aqua|pendent,</HI> the Burning of the Veins that bled; I con|firmed my opinion by <HI>Aph.</HI> 6. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 1. and <HI>Aph.</HI> 6. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 8. And when the Patient found that Death was not far off, he admitted of Chirurgery: Where|fore, making ha&s;te home, I furni&s;hed my &s;elf with pointed or oval In&s;truments, and when I came back, gave them to a Servant, to bring them to me red hot: With which, being very hot, I touched &s;e|verally all the little mouths of the haemorrhoidal Veins, which poured out the Bloud, and brought a cru&s;t on them, beginning with the highe&s;t fir&s;t, le&s;t the Bloud, falling from them untouched, &s;hould quench the hot Irons before the operation was fi|ni&s;hed. Thus the Noble-man recovered his former health. If Nature had formerly often opened the Haemorrhoids, and had been accu&s;tomed to tran&s;|mit the &s;uperfluous Bloud to this part onely, I had left one untouched, to be &s;topt by Pla&s;ters and A|&s;tringents, &s;o that it might either be opened of it &s;elf, or very ea&s;ily by Art, and a pa&s;&s;age might be made, whereby the Bloud (which is gathered daily in the Body, and u&s;es to be evacuated at &s;et times) might be evacuated, to prevent tho&s;e Di&s;ea|&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Scaltetus,</HI> Arm. Chir. Tab. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> mentions, 6. <HI>Aph.</HI> 12. and 6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>text.</HI> 33, <HI>&amp;</HI> 34.</P>
<P N="15">XV. In the Cure, which is performed by Medi|cines, care mu&s;t be taken of the Liver and Spleen, becau&s;e the me&s;araick Ve&s;&s;els are in&s;erted into the&s;e parts, e&s;pecially if they be hot or weak. Al&s;o ob|&s;tructions of the Bowels and me&s;araick Veins mu&s;t be opened, if they give the original to this Di&s;ea&s;e. And I have &s;ometimes cured this contumacious Flux perfectly with Steel-pills. At the &s;ame time, above all things, the fault of the Bloud mu&s;t be amended with the greate&s;t Care, which &s;eems to be the primary cau&s;e of this Flux. Which, if it be &s;harp and bilious, mu&s;t be corrected by an Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb often repeated, e&s;pecially with Ta|marinds, which, according to <HI>Mercurialis,</HI> have an admirable faculty to check, both in Decoctions and given in &s;ub&s;tance; in&s;tead whereof our tart Prunes may be given, frequently eaten before Meals. If the Bloud be hot and thin, it mu&s;t be cooled and thickned; if watry, it mu&s;t be dried; if much, there mu&s;t be a thin Diet. For it is vain to think of &s;topping the Flux,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> before the original of it be removed.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The Pain of the Haemorrhoids proceeds from bad humours tran&s;mitted to the &s;edal Veins, and not onely from melancholick ones, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;eems to believe, <HI>lib. de atra bile,</HI> 4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Forti, <HI>con&s;:</HI> 97. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> but &s;ometimes from bi|lious and pituitous ones, according to <HI>Avicenna.</HI></P>
<P N="17">XVII. For Haemorrhoids to be prickt that are di&s;tended with the afflux of much Bloud, is no new thing. <HI>Ma&s;&s;aria</HI> is of opinion, that they &s;hould ra|ther be opened with a Knife than have Leeches ap|plied to them. Where the Pen-knife &s;eems too cru|el, e&s;pecially in Children, Women, and, in a word, the effeminate, let alone the Knife, and take the hamulous <HI>Pericarpium</HI> of the Teazle: fix a piece of a Leaden Bullet to it, that you may drive it the more certainly in, &s;o you may &s;trike the part, and take away as much of the humour as is requi&s;ite. Ma|ny te&s;tifie that this &s;mall thing may be done with &s;afety.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. E&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">: p. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">1.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The haemorrhoid Veins are &s;ometimes prominent outwardly, but often are latent with|in: Some bleed, others not: Pain &s;ometimes pre|cedes excretion of Bloud; they often bleed with|out Pain, and they are painfull al&s;o when no blee|ding follows. The Pain may be &s;o violent, that the Bladder being ill by Sympathy, a &s;toppage of Urine follows. A Man was troubled with the blind and internal Piles: The Phy&s;ician had u&s;ed Cly&s;ters, wherein he had put Salt and <HI>Hiera picra,</HI> hereupon the Pain and Inflammation were &s;o inten&s;e, that the &s;toppage of Urine grew to be as trouble&s;ome as the Pain of the Haemorrhoids, and he was at a &s;tand, for which he &s;hould u&s;e Remedies fir&s;t. But he did the Patient good by injecting an ounce of Oil of Violets immediately into the <HI>Anus,</HI> the Pain of the Haemorrhoids fir&s;t, and then of the Bladder being ea&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Dodonzus,</HI> cap. <HI>50.</HI> ob&s;. Med.</NOTE> And the &s;ame being afterwards injected &s;e|veral times, all Pain quickly cea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Violent and &s;harp Cly&s;ters are propo&s;ed for provoking the Haemorrhoids; I do not approve of them; becau&s;e they contribute not &s;o much to pro|voke the Haemorrhoids, as they hurt the Inte&s;tines and the me&s;araick Veins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Ga&s;per Schioppius</HI> having been troubled with tedious Pains and running of the Haemorrhoids, and having made u&s;e of the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;icians in all <HI>italy,</HI> to no purpo&s;e, when, by the Advice of a Dominican Frier, he had wa&s;hed the part with his own Urine, and received the Fume of Sulphur by a Tunnel, he perfectly recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius,</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. The Vein which runs between the lea&s;t Toe and the Annular, is a Branch of the <HI>Vena &s;aphae|na.</HI> I have experienced the benefit of opening that Vein for quieting the Pains of the Piles,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. Eff. p. <HI>65.</HI></NOTE> under which <HI>N.</HI> had &s;pent many tedious days and re&s;tle&s;s nights.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. I had a Matron under my Cure, who had been grieved a long time with mo&s;t violent Pains of
<PB N="280" REF="146"> the blind Piles. I made her an I&s;&s;ue below her Knee in the in&s;ide of the Leg, then her Pains were quiet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 95.</NOTE> and very &s;eldom troubled her, unle&s;s after a di&s;orderly Diet.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Pains mu&s;t be a&s;&s;waged; and in my judg|ment we &s;hould ab&s;tain from violent Purgers, le&s;t the humours be farther exagitated and heated, and &s;o be drawn to the part affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Among Anodynes, fir&s;t let a Fomentation of a Decoction of Lettuce, Mallows, Violets, Hen|bane and Popy be applied to the &s;eat, and then an Ointment or Injection: Which yet mu&s;t be varied; Becau&s;e what does one good, will not doe &s;o to all; nay, what has done the &s;ame per&s;on good in the like ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> is not always good for him.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. The violence of the Pain &s;ometimes forces us of nece&s;&s;ity to apply Stupefiers: So we &s;ome|times mix <HI>Opium</HI> with Liniments; yet this mu&s;t be done dextrou&s;ly, le&s;t the <HI>Podex,</HI> too much cooled with Narcoticks, doe not its office. <HI>Avicenna</HI> applies <HI>Philonium Thar&s;en&s;e,</HI> which he de&s;cribes. I have of|ten &s;topt the Pain by applying new Treacle or Mithridate, and by drying and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing the in|fluxed matter have removed the Swelling.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The burning Medicines propo&s;ed by <HI>Cel|&s;us</HI> and <HI>Paulus</HI> are not &s;afe. This is the gentle&s;t way of Cure; Having given a Lenitive fir&s;t, foment the Haemorrhoids alternately with two Sponges, wrung out of a pound of Cow's-milk chalybeate, in which half an handfull of Henbane-leaves has boiled to the con&s;umption of the fourth part, adding an ounce of Juice of Quinces: but if the Pain conti|nued, I found its virtue a little remi&s;s; therefore in&s;tead of it I u&s;ed this Fomentation; Take of root of Mar&s;hmallow 1 ounce, leaves of Mullein half an handfull, let them be boiled in Chalybeate-water &s;trained and Red-wine, each 8 ounces, to a con|&s;umption of a third, adding to the Colature of Juice of <HI>Hypoci&s;tis</HI> 2 drachms, and <HI>Opium</HI> 5 grains. A red hot Plate being then held at a convenient di&s;tance, the Haemorrhoids are contracted, and as it were cor|rugated. Which being put up into their places, that they may not fall down again, they are dex|trou&s;ly kept up with an Iron-ring: for the benefit whereof many are beholding to that excellent in|genious per&s;on <HI>Paulus Servita.</HI> A piece of Cloth is fa&s;tned to the Ring on each &s;ide, which is fa&s;tned by a Linen-girdle with four Fillets &s;ewed to it, and their heads to the Cloth about the Ring towards the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> and the Buttocks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 94.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Oftentimes pain and heat are joined with the Piles: Then they &s;hould rather be treated with internal and external Medicines, than be exa&s;pera|ted with any Chirurgery whatever. Among exter|nal things Ointment of Toad-flax is excellent, and fre&s;h root of Fig-wort hung about the Neck. If they &s;well without &s;en&s;e of pain and inflammation, I fir&s;t of all take a broad Iron, well heated, I &s;o hold it to the Piles, that the fire may not touch them, but that they may feel the heat, as much as the Patient can well endure. In timorous per&s;ons I open them with Leeches, and having extracted the Bloud &s;ufficiently, to &s;trengthen the part, I ap|ply a new Sponge, wet in black, au&s;tere Wine, and wrung out. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> for the fore&s;aid Chi|rurgery requires an Iron with a round or an oval head. In my judgment a broad is better in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e with it the operation is &s;ooner fi|ni&s;hed. But when they do not onely &s;well, but one or two of them that are &s;welled do al&s;o run, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his oval Iron is better than a broad one: for the oval ea&s;ily mi&s;&s;es the bleeding Haemorrhoids, which doe good: but the broad one does &s;ometimes indifferently dry up as well the running ones, as tho&s;e that are &s;imply tumid, to the Patient's great detriment; which I thought good to take notice of out of <HI>Spigelius</HI> his Animadver&s;ions. Sometimes the Haemorrhoids &s;well inwardly, yet becau&s;e of their deep &s;ituation within the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> the &s;welling can be brought by none of the fore&s;aid ways into &s;ight, much le&s;s can they be cured with the repeated touch of a red hot Iron, whether broad or oval: What then mu&s;t be done when Me|dicines are u&s;ed in vain? Mu&s;t not &s;ome other Re|medy be fetched out of the Storehou&s;e of Chirur|gery? Yes &s;urely, for a &s;olid Pipe is required, which, actually cold, and onely &s;meared over with the white of an Egg, mu&s;t be thru&s;t gently into the <HI>Anus</HI> and heated by a red hot Iron rod often put into it, that by heating the Haemorrhoids, &s;o deeply placed within, it may by little and little dry them up.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Becau&s;e Pain u&s;ually puts men to abun|dance of trouble, therefore e&s;pecially care mu&s;t be had of it, and we mu&s;t look whether the part be pai|ned with Inflammation, or onely with heat and &s;marting; for if the fir&s;t, we need onely cool and lax the part; becau&s;e &s;uch things as cool with a&s;triction or revul&s;ion, doe Men hurt, unle&s;s the pain be with Fluxion. If acrimony, heat and pain be very trouble&s;ome, order the Patient to go in|to a Semicupe; then to the Ulcers, if there be any, apply this Medicine; Take of Oil of Ro&s;es, 4 oun|ces, Cru&s;s 1 ounce, Litharge half an ounce, new Wax 6 drachms, <HI>Opium</HI> 4 grains. Make an Unguent. But if all the&s;e things will not doe, we mu&s;t u&s;e Narcoticks, if &s;o be after ea&s;ing the pain, we will wa&s;h the part with warm Wine or Water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &para; For the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e I pre&s;cribe half an ounce of Bal&s;ame of Sulphur, with which warm <HI>N.</HI> of|ten anointed his Haemorrhoids, e&s;pecially after ex|cretion, and he was ea&s;ed of that mo&s;t bitter and odious pain, and was perfectly cured. For this Bal|&s;ame in this ca&s;e does certainly good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus, <HI>cur.</HI> 87. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> and never fai|led, as innumerable Experiments do te&s;tifie.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. A Man &s;ixty years old conflicted with a trouble&s;ome pain of the Piles, with a Tumour, and Inflammation of the part, which did not cea&s;e with many Remedies. I pre&s;cribed a Fomentation of Ro&s;e-water, in 6 ounces whereof 1 drachm of <HI>Sal Saturni</HI> was di&s;&s;olved, which Fomentation was of|ten repeated every day. Afterwards a Catapla&s;m was applied of a white Onyon, ro&s;ted in Embers, and mixt with as much Butter: Within two days the Inflammation was a&s;&s;waged, and the Tumour in a great mea&s;ure di&s;per&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; But whether they be flat or ten&s;e, and in pain without any great heat or acrimony, then it is not good to apply cooling things, for they hinder di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, and farther fix the Bloud &s;ettled there; but then it is not good to apply Laxatives and Di&s;cutients, which if be&s;ides the&s;e faculties, they al&s;o allay pain, they will doe the more good. Here a Semicupe will be proper in Water moderately hot, in which root and leaves of Mar&s;h-mallow, Mallow, root of Fig-wort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> have been boiled. Then the pained place being wi|ped, mu&s;t be anointed with <HI>Oleum momordicae,</HI> which is mo&s;t effectual, or with Oil of Peach-flowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 20. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4.</NOTE> which in this ca&s;e I have often u&s;ed with great &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. One being at length cured of his tedious Haemorrhoids (by means of a Pipe and a red hot Iron in it put into the <HI>Anus</HI>) relap&s;ed as often as he took a Purge, which had Senna or Scammony in it. Wherefore I forbad him the u&s;e of any thing with Senna or Scammony in it, and he lived many years free from that Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> &para; In Spring and Fall I approve of gentle Purges, not meddling with tho&s;e purging Medicines that are propo&s;ed by Authours, whil&s;t building on a fal&s;e foundation, they endea|vour to purge Melancholy and black Bloud, that it fall not on the &s;edal Veins, not ob&s;erving, that they rather cau&s;e the Defluxion, which they would a|void, by the heat, agitation and violent motion of the purgative Medicines, and, which is wor&s;e, not of black but good Bloud. Far therefore be &s;trong Purges from us; and let <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> onely &s;uffice us, or it and a little Myrobalans,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 100. <HI>cent.</HI> 2.</NOTE> adding the &s;econd time &s;ome Lenitive.</P>
<P N="31"><PB N="281" REF="146">XXXI. Be&s;ides, pulp of Tamarinds is u&s;ed to this purpo&s;e, which neverthele&s;s, becau&s;e it cau&s;es pain, which a de&s;ire of going to &s;tool does follow, and does no good for Ob&s;tructions, is &s;u&s;pected: Nor do Potions of Syrups of Ro&s;es and Violets &s;olutive,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> becau&s;e they carry humours too violent|ly to the part affected, want &s;u&s;picion.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Things that purge the humours are given, if through exce&s;s of Bile, or other filth in the bloud of the me&s;araick Veins, the Haemorrhoids run ex|ce&s;&s;ively. For prevention before they come, in &s;uch as are &s;ubject to them, by purging frequently and conveniently, and hindring the encrea&s;e, and gathering of the&s;e humours; and that by Medicines proper to purge choler, yellow and black, which I think is bred of degenerate yellow, rather than of the dreggy part of the bloud; which may be done with much more ea&s;e and &s;ucce&s;s before they begin to run, becau&s;e the&s;e excrementitious hu|mours, lurking in the fir&s;t ways, are with Purga|tives quickly thrown off by Nature to the Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. If we mu&s;t u&s;e aperients for Ob&s;tructi|ons, yet we may not u&s;e Rheubarb, becau&s;e it is apt to open the &s;edal Veins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. <HI>Galen,</HI> 6. <HI>de Cau&s;. Symptom.</HI> denies that Eva|cuation by the Haemorrhoids, next to a natural one, &s;hould be made u&s;e of, &s;aying, <Q>But if it be made &s;ea&s;onably, it is not altogether preternatural, and it is made &s;ea&s;onably, when that which is grievous is voided, and neverthele&s;s, we mu&s;t not u&s;e our &s;elves to Evacuation by Haemorrhoids, be|cau&s;e either exce&s;s is dangerous, whether they run not at all, or too much.</Q></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Then for derivation &s;ake, and that the intemperature of the Liver might be corrected, e&s;|pecially becau&s;e a Drop&s;ie was beginning, I came to a Decoction of Spani&s;h <HI>Zarza-parilla,</HI> of which &s;he took fifteen Decoctions; Take of <HI>Zarza</HI> 2 ounces, infu&s;e them 24 hours in 12 pounds of Spring-water, let them boil half away: Towards the end put in of Plantain Leaves 1 handfull. The Do&s;e 7 ounces. This corrects the intemperature of the Liver, is diu|retick, and proper for the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI> And this was what was de&s;ired in our ca&s;e, to wit, that the Hae|morrhoids might be &s;topt, and the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> provoked. And I know not what rea&s;on <HI>Ma&s;&s;aria</HI> had to &s;u&s;pect this way of cure by derivation to be pernicious, When it is rather extremely nece&s;&s;ary in this ca&s;e: and if perhaps &s;ome heat, little whereof I can &s;ee, might be feared in the <HI>Zarza,</HI> Plantain was therefore added.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinandus, <HI>H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t.</HI> 16.</NOTE> And this Decoction did corrobo|rate, derive and drie up the exce&s;&s;ive moi&s;ture of the bloud.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Cly&s;ters are bad for &s;uch as are &s;ubject to the Haemorrhoids; yea, the frequent and exce&s;|&s;ive u&s;e of Cly&s;ters may cau&s;e them; and &s;ome|times breed an Ulcer in the Guts upon the regur|gitation of the bloud in the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Ointments are not very proper for the Haemorrhoids, becau&s;e they dilate the&s;e little Bladders of the Veins, exa&s;perate the filth ga|thered there, or the more florid, hot bloud, hin|der tran&s;piration, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Wherefore though Unguents be &s;o highly cried up among Practitioners, and e&s;pecially <HI>&V;nguentum de Linaria</HI> in that ca&s;e, yet I know not by what ob&s;ervation they were convin|ced when they wrote it: for I have &s;everal times ob&s;erved, that it does little good to the blind, painfull Haemorrhoids,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE> nay, it rather encrea&s;es the pain and heat.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For Pain of the Piles.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. When the Piles are painfull and chapt, no|thing is better than Beetles boiled in Lin-&s;eed Oil till they go to pieces in the Oil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola</NOTE> The pain imme|diately cea&s;es upon application.</P>
<P N="2">2. Take of Sows 4 ounces, roots of Leek two ounces and an half, Oil Olive 6 drachms, pound them together. Then boil them in Oil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llus.</NOTE> &s;train them and apply them.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Lapis Calaminaris</HI> ground with Ro&s;e-water, and mixt with Butter, a&s;&s;uages Pain much. &para; Root of white Lily boiled, with Butter and Hen's grea&s;e, adding a little powder of Lin-&s;eed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> ea&s;es pain much.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Herb All-good brui&s;ed and boiled in Cream, and then &s;trained out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dorncrelli|us.</NOTE> makes an excellent Ointment for the Piles.</P>
<P N="5">5. Oil of Box is very effectual to ea&s;e pain, if one drop in Cotton be applied to the Haemor|rhoids. &para; Bal&s;am of Sulphur is excellent to ea&s;e pain, and di&s;cu&s;s the &s;welling. &para; A Decoction of Yarrow in their ordinary drink for three days does admirably di&s;cu&s;s the pain of the Haemor|rhoids.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc.</NOTE> Leaves and Flowers of Toad-flax excell in a &s;ingular Prerogative to &s;top pain.</P>
<P N="7">7. Ointment of Figwort is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; The drop|ping of a ro&s;ted Eel is good.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For exce&s;&s;ive running of the Haemorrhoids.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Galen</HI>'s is the mo&s;t excellent and onely Reme|dy, of Aloes, Frankincen&s;e, and the white of an Egg, made as thick as Honey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Don. ab Al|tomari.</NOTE> mixt with Hare's Down and applied.</P>
<P N="2">2. This Medicine never failed me, which is made of Steel, old Sugar of Ro&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> and Powder of Sea-Wormwood.</P>
<P N="3">3. Let the Haemorrhoids be wa&s;hed with the Pa|tient's Urine, for it dries wonderfully and ea&s;es pain. &para; This has been tried in &s;everal: Take of Powder of Bayberries, dried in the &s;hade, one drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cortilio.</NOTE> drink it in white Wine every third day in the morning for three times.</P>
<P N="4">4. I have known the running of the Haemor|roids &s;ucce&s;sfully &s;topt onely with Hou&s;leek-wa|ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles.</HEAD>
<P>Among things that open the Haemorrhoids I mu&s;t give the preheminence to the greater Centaury root, if the bloudy juice be &s;queezed out of it, and a Syrup made with Sugar. The Do&s;e 2 or 3 &s;poon|fulls in a morning. &para; To open the Haemorrhoids let an Onyon be hollowed, and &s;ome Oil of bitter Almonds be put into it, ro&s;t it in the Embers. Anoint the Haemorrhoids with the juice when &s;quee|zed out.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato,</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For the Swelling of the Piles.</HEAD>
<P>Powder of Mullein, given in Milk, or in &s;ome other Liquour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> is very good to wa&s;te the &s;welled Piles; al&s;o its Juice or Syrup may be given.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Affectus in genere,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The conditions of Medicines proper for the Liver. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A new way of admini&s;tring Hepatick Medicines. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Rheubarb is the Life of the Liver. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chymical Oils are Enemies to it and the Stomach. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is heated by &s;trengthening the Stomach with outward applica|tions. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="282" REF="147">
<HEAD><HI>Atonia Hepatis,</HI> or, Want of Tone in the Liver.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Almonds and Pi&s;tachio's be proper in a cold one? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an Epatick Maid extenuated and dried up. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Inflammatio, Tumores,</HI> or, Inflammation and Swellings of the Liver.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The differences of Inflammatory Tumours. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Plentifull Bloud-letting is proper. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To what places Cupping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be applied? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Purgatives are proper? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they &s;hould be mixt with meat? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Liquids, which are mo&s;t convenient? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Internal Repellents, what &s;uch they &s;hould be? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wind oftentimes deceives us in appearance of a <HI>Schirrhus. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we u&s;e <HI>Saccharum Saturni. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emollients hurt a Schirrous Swelling. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Empla&s;trum de Cicuta</HI> takes away the <HI>Schirrus. XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Intemperies,</HI> or, An Intemperature of the Liver.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In a hot one we mu&s;t not abu&s;e cold things. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What we mu&s;t doe if it be with Bile? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Two generous Remedies in a hot one. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a hot Intemperature it is good to drink when Concoction is fini&s;hed. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Ob&s;tructiones,</HI> or, Ob&s;tructions of the Liver.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When Bloud mu&s;t be let? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge quickly. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t purge? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Rheubarb be always proper, and how? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care, how we u&s;e Diureticks. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that di&s;&s;olve Tartar mu&s;t be added to deob&s;truents. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Aperients does harm. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They ought to be given in a large do&s;e. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ob&s;tructions of the hollow part mu&s;t be opened before tho&s;e of the Gibbous. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Rheubarb mu&s;t be u&s;ed in Sub&s;tance, and when in Infu|&s;ion? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in the u&s;e of Aperients. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>About Sugar. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Ulcus,</HI> or, An &V;lcer of the Liver.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Cured by opening the &s;ide. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hepatis Vomica,</HI> or, An Impo&s;thume of the Liver.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It may &s;afely be opened. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THESE ought to be the Prerogatives and Conditions of things which clean&s;e the pa&s;&s;ages, as well in a hot as cold intemperature. 1. Becau&s;e of the narrowne&s;s of the ways, they mu&s;t penetrate, as <HI>Cyperus,</HI> Schoinanth, Saffron, <HI>Iris.</HI> 2. They mu&s;t open, as Horehound, Aromatick Wormwood, <HI>Pi&s;tachio's,</HI> root of Par&s;ley. 3. They mu&s;t concoct and mollifie, as Rai&s;ins, Figs, &s;weet Pomegranate Wine, Rheni&s;h, &s;mall Wine. 4. They mu&s;t be ab&s;ter&s;ive as Honey, Sugar. 5. They mu&s;t &s;trengthen, as Agrimony, Wormwood, Schoinanth, Rue, Spike. 6. They mu&s;t pre&s;erve from Putre|faction, as <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia lignea, Calamus Aromaticus,</HI> Cinnamon, Myrrh, Amber, <HI>Lignum Aloes, Rhodium,</HI> and all &s;orts of Spices. 7. They mu&s;t dry moderately, as &s;ha|vings of Hart&s;horn, Ivory. 8. They mu&s;t be &s;pe|cifick, as Rheubarb, Wolf's Liver, Rai&s;ins,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mat. Marti|ni</HI> de morb. m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ent.</NOTE> Fle&s;h of Snails. 9. They mu&s;t al&s;o be a&s;tringent, correct Malignity, and not ea&s;ily corrupt.</P>
<P N="2">II. The proper way to take things inwardly is the Mouth: The virtue is carried with the chyle to the Heart, and after to the Liver. The Moderns have an Invention, to infu&s;e &s;ome hepatick Liquour into &s;ome Vein opened in the Arm: It is held, that by this way, the Vein being clo&s;ed and tied, the Medicine communicates its &s;ingular &s;trengthening fa|culty to the <HI>Parenchyma</HI> of the Liver, being carried to the Heart, and out of the right Ventricle by the great Artery into the Hepatick Artery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> and &s;o to the Liver.</P>
<P N="3">III. Rheubarb is indeed the life of the Liver, but to a hot Liver it is Death:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> becau&s;e it is hot and dry to the third degree.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Let no man wonder how it comes to pa&s;s, that many do not onely find no relief, but &s;ome|times hurt from Oils Chymically prepared, as al&s;o from Decoctions. But let him take the&s;e true Rea|&s;ons from <HI>Hofmanni, prefat. in Lib. de Medic. Offic.</HI> Di&s;til|led Oils, which they commonly call E&s;&s;ences, are &s;o plainly Enemies to the membraneous Stomach in|deed, by con&s;uming its radical moi&s;ture, and to the Liver, and other Bloud <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> by heating, or to &s;peak more plainly, by rai&s;ing an Inflammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli, <HI>Quadr. Bo|tan. p.</HI> 225.</NOTE> that &s;ome have contracted to them&s;elves a perpetual thir&s;t, others a bilious Cachexy, and &s;ome a hot Drop&s;ie.</P>
<P N="5">V. The Lobe of the Liver, that lies upon the Stomach, is heated by hot Ointments before the Stomach it &s;elf, which I admire indeed, how it has always pa&s;&s;ed unob&s;erved by famous Men in their practice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Altimarus</HI> denies, that Almonds and Pi&s;tachio's are good for cold Epaticks. 1. Becau&s;e things that are ea&s;ily corrupted, cannot be proper for them. 2. Becau&s;e they are oily, but a cold con&s;titution of Liver is very much hurt by the&s;e things, becau&s;e Ob&s;tructions, which are u&s;ually joined with them, are encrea&s;ed by &s;uch a quality. 3. Becau&s;e they are readily converted into Bile. On the contrary the affirmative mu&s;t rather be defended with <HI>Savano|rola,</HI> who pre&s;cribes Almonds among other conve|nient Medicines. 1. Becau&s;e Almonds, e&s;pecially bitter, have a faculty to extenuate and purge the thick and vi&s;cid humours of the Liver, <HI>Gal.</HI> 2. <HI>de Alim. fac. c.</HI> 22. and 30. Where the &s;ame is affirmed of Pi&s;tachio's. 2. According to <HI>Dio&s;corides l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 136. <HI>de Mat. Med.</HI> they and Pi&s;tachio's do provoke Urine, but things that provoke Urine are good for cold Epa|ticks, whereby both the Liver is &s;trengthened, and ob&s;tructions are opened. <HI>Salius in ann. c.</HI> 82. an&s;wers <HI>Altimarus</HI> his rea&s;on. To the fir&s;t it is denied; for Almonds and Pi&s;tachio's are hard of Concoction: But things that are hard of Concoction, are &s;o of corruption, in as much as all Concoction of Ali|ment is made by means of Corruption, con&s;idering the <HI>Terminus &agrave; quo.</HI> To the &s;econd, Ob&s;truction need not be much feared from an oleaginous moi&s;ture, becau&s;e whatever is oleaginous is in &s;ome mea&s;ure hot. To the third, Nor doe they any harm, in that they are quickly turned into Bile, becau&s;e nothing need be feared from a cooled Liver:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Dec.</HI> 7. <HI>Probl.</HI> 1.</NOTE> For it re|quires heating and ab&s;ter&s;ive Food and Phy&s;ick, which Almonds yield.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In a certain Maid there was fir&s;t a hot In|temperature, upon which account &s;he was &s;aid to be Hepatick. There was extenuation, which &s;ee|med to tend to a Con&s;umption, there was al&s;o drine&s;s of the Solid Parts, which hindred the en|crea&s;e
<PB N="283" REF="147"> of the Body: Which though it could not be remedied, yet it was needfull to hinder the Encrea&s;e of it. Therefore in a complicated Di&s;ea&s;e we &s;hould have re&s;pect to the Cau&s;e. Her Intemperature was hot and dry, by rea&s;on whereof, becau&s;e much bi|lious matter was gathered, I begin to purge her with no hot Medicine, that is, with the Waters they call <HI>Villicae,</HI> given her &s;even times according to Art. Alteration followed Purging, which I was minded to make by Juices of Cichory and Sow-Thi&s;tle. Ci|chory is mo&s;t gratefull to the part, both in refrige|ration and ab&s;ter&s;ion of the Veins of the Liver, and al&s;o in a&s;triction, which it requires. <HI>Sonchus</HI> has the &s;ame virtue, but it is more cooling. I gave the Juice with Sugar for ten days, and all &s;igns of heat &s;eemed to abate. Her Diet was cooling, &s;he u&s;ed Sorrel, Lettuce, Pur&s;lain, Endive, Prunes, Cher|ries, Water-Melons. She avoided all &s;alt, &s;weet and fat things. Outwardly Catapla&s;ms of the &s;ame virtue, of Barley-flower, and the fore&s;aid juices were applied: She was anointed with <HI>Ceratum Santa|linum,</HI> &amp;c. Then, to cure her extenuation, I pro|ceeded to give her Milk. The&s;e things did her &s;o much good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacchinus, <HI>cap.</HI> 50. <HI>ad</HI> 9 <HI>lib.</HI> Rha&s;is.</NOTE> that &s;he filled well with Fle&s;h, and her colour changed for the better, more than one could have believed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Three ways the Liver, full of hot humours, u&s;es to &s;well up the <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> in acute Di&s;ea&s;es. 1. When the humours, having got out of their pro|per receptacles, are diffu&s;ed through the <HI>Parenchyma</HI> of the part, and make a &s;welling both hard and painfull, which is properly called an Inflammation. 2. When the &s;ame humours, filling onely the grea|ter Ve&s;&s;els of the Liver, make &s;ome di&s;ten<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion, which &s;wells the <HI>Hypochondrium.</HI> 3. When all the Veins run|ning up and down the Liver are &s;o full, that they cau&s;e a manife&s;t Tumour. And as in the&s;e Ca&s;es di|vers parts are affected, &s;o al&s;o the condition of the Tumour and con&s;equent Symptoms are various, and therefore the Method of Cure mu&s;t be various. For in the fir&s;t the humours make a hard and painfull &s;welling, u&s;ually of an orbicular figure. But when the &s;ame humours onely fill the greater Ve&s;&s;els, it is done &s;everal ways, becau&s;e &s;ometimes they &s;top there, grow hot and putrefie, and cau&s;e acute and malignant Fevers, although they make no &s;welling in the <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> apparent either to the Eye or touch: Sometimes the humours offend onely in a|bundance and motion, when, as they are pa&s;&s;ing from below to the upper parts, they run violently into the Liver, whereby it is &s;u&s;pended as by liga|ments, and they fill the greate&s;t and neare&s;t Veins exce&s;&s;ively, whereby they being made &s;horter, draw the Liver upwards, and &s;o &s;well the <HI>Hypochon|drium:</HI> Which &s;ort of &s;welling <HI>Hippocrates</HI> calls a re|vul&s;e <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> and it is a &s;ign of the tendency of the humours to the Head. This &s;welling is di|&s;tingui&s;hed from others, becau&s;e it appears mo&s;t in the upper part towards the Ribs, and underneath a vacuity may be felt in the place where the end of the Liver is naturally &s;ituated: yet no hardne&s;s, nor pain is felt in the &s;welling, becau&s;e the affection is not in the Liver, which hurts it, or &s;wells it up; yet a kind of ten&s;ion may be perceived in the tu|mid part; and then this affection la&s;ts but a while, becau&s;e the humours are but pa&s;&s;ing that way up|wards. If the ve&s;&s;els di&s;per&s;ed through the whole <HI>Vi&s;cus</HI> be filled with hot humours, the third &s;ort of &s;welling in the <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> is cau&s;ed, which is al&s;o twofold: For the Juices do either &s;imply grow hot, and do not contract putrefaction, or they pu|trefie in the Veins. If the fir&s;t way, it is done al&s;o in a twofold manner; for either they remain quiet, di&s;tending the fore&s;aid Ve&s;&s;els onely with abun|dance, whence comes a &s;welling which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> calls <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>in manner of di&s;tended Veins,</HI> where a tumour indeed appears both to the Eye and touch; but if it be pre&s;&s;ed, it re&s;i&s;ts not the Touch, not onely becau&s;e of its &s;oftne&s;s, but al&s;o becau&s;e the matter that makes the tu|mour being pre&s;&s;ed with the hand, gives way, and recedes to the next place, like bloud filling a Vein, when it is pre&s;&s;ed with the finger: which indeed &s;hews, that the fault is onely in the repletion of the Veins, not in the &s;ub&s;tance it &s;elf, becau&s;e the &s;welling di&s;&s;ipates quickly, and of it &s;elf: But if the&s;e humours filling the &s;aid Ve&s;&s;els, be in agitati|on, becau&s;e of admixtion of a flatuous Spirit, the &s;ame &s;welling ri&s;es &s;oft, but with a pul&s;e or Palpi|tation, concerning which <HI>Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">c. Sect. v.</HI> 55. <HI>A Pul&s;e i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the</HI> Hypochondrium <HI>with Tumult, is di&s;turbant of the Mind.</HI> If finally the &s;ame humours filling all the Ve&s;&s;els of the Liver do putrefie farther, a &s;welling ari&s;es, which cau&s;es a &s;oft di&s;ten&s;ion, not very pain|full, u&s;ually of a long figure, in di&s;tinction from an exqui&s;ite Inflammation of the Liver, which makes a hard and painfull &s;welling, circum&s;cribed with an orbicular figure: This &s;welling comes when putre|faction has &s;iezed all the Veins of the Liver, and e&s;|pecially if the Veins them&s;elves be inflamed: And the Inflammation is of &s;uch a Nature, that it will permit no good bloud to be bred; which &s;ince it is the matter for breeding of vital Spirits, of which the animal are made, hence a <HI>Delirium</HI> and Phren&s;ie ari&s;e: The &s;welling is &s;oft, becau&s;e the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>vi&s;cus,</HI> which fir&s;t occurs to the touch,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pro&s;p. Mar|tianus,</HI> com. in v. <HI>34<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI> Epid.</NOTE> conti|nues as yet in its natural di&s;po&s;ition and &s;oftne&s;s: But hardne&s;s or ten&s;ion is felt inwardly, when the greater Veins are full and inflamed.</P>
<P N="9">IX. If Bloud be let plentifully, the Inflammation cea&s;es in one day, &s;o that the Phy&s;ician may be truly &s;aid to have killed the Fever. And if the Hae|morrhoids be &s;topt, let them be opened: If the <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> and the time be near, bleed in the foot, and afterwards, if the Di&s;ea&s;e continue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxoni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> in the arme. &para; A vein mu&s;t be breathed immediately, and &s;tore of bloud mu&s;t be taken away, not all at one time, but at &s;everal times: Nor mu&s;t we de|&s;i&s;t from this operation, before the pre&s;ent pain of the <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> cea&s;e, or in a great mea&s;ure be a|bated: Otherwi&s;e what remains, degenerates ei|ther into an ab&s;ce&s;s, or an incurable <HI>Schirrhus.</HI> Al|mo&s;t all dye, who either bleed &s;paringly, or not till after the fifth day. For a third time bleeding, though it be plentifull, does not cure, if it be u&s;ed after the humour is fa&s;t impacted into the Liver, or tends to &s;uppuration. Therefore if bloud enough be taken the fir&s;t or &s;econd day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> the Inflammation is prevented thereby, if &s;o be other Remedies be not neglected.</P>
<P N="10">X. If there be no place for Bloud-letting, Cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be applied; yet not, as &s;ome would have them, to the Shoulders and Back: for that were to draw the Inflammation of the Liver to the Lungs and Heart:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> Let them therefore be &s;et to the Buttocks and Loins. &para; In this Di&s;ea&s;e the Anci|ents &s;et Cupping gla&s;&s;es with Scarification to the right <HI>Hypochondrium;</HI> from which I think we &s;hould ab&s;tain, becau&s;e they draw nothing from the part;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t.</NOTE> but on the contrary draw the Humours into it out of the Veins, and &s;o encrea&s;e the Inflammation.</P>
<P N="11">XI. In purging we mu&s;t ob&s;erve what part of the Liver is inflamed. If the gibbous part be inflamed, no Purge may be given, according to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> but Evacuaters by Urine: If the &s;imous part, we mu&s;t u&s;e things that evacuate by &s;tool; otherwi&s;e Nature will grow weak, and the Inflammation will encrea&s;e. Wherefore if the Gibbous part be inflamed, we mu&s;t give Lenitives, not Purgatives; unle&s;s perhaps Nature &s;hould attempt a little evacuation by &s;tool; wherefore when &s;igns of Coction appear, Nature may be helped, not before: for according to 13. <HI>Meth.</HI> they that Purge in the beginning, make the Inflammation pertinacious. If the &s;imous part be enflamed, <HI>Galen, c.</HI> 14, 15, and 16. <HI>l.</HI> 13. <HI>Meth.</HI> ap|proves of <HI>Carthamus,</HI> Nettle, and root of Polypody: We may mix &s;ome <HI>Epithymum;</HI> and upon urgent ne|ce&s;&s;ity <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays he gave black Hellebore, with Bar|ly
<PB N="284" REF="148"> Pti&s;an &s;trained. We may give Rheubarb, if Bile abound; Agarick, if the Inflammation be pituitous; if melancholick, <HI>Senna, Epithymum, Polypodium,</HI> black Hellebore. Wherefore in our Practice we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve, that we may a&s;cend to violent ones, not in a bilious Inflammation, but e&s;pecially in a melan|cholick one;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> becau&s;e this may degenerate into a <HI>Schirrhus,</HI> an incurable Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Galen</HI> approves of Purgatives mixt with meat in the fore&s;aid places. <Q>In proce&s;s of time, &s;ays he, when the Inflammation is concocted, we may eva|cuate by the Belly, if the hollow part be affected, with Ba&s;tard-Saffron mixt with Meat, and with &s;uch things as gently loo&s;en the Belly: And in the remi&s;&s;ion we may u&s;e the&s;e things more and more boldly than before; and then things that are &s;tronger than the&s;e, partly boiled in Pti&s;an, partly reduced to fine powder, and the&s;e may be given even in water: For I have &s;ometimes boiled a little Polypody, and rind of Black Hellebore in Pti&s;an.</Q> <HI>Ma&s;&s;arias, l.</HI> 3. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 13. &s;ub&s;cribes to the &s;ame when he &s;ays: <Q><HI>Galen</HI>'s way of giving purging Medicines is very worthy our notice: He u&s;ed to mix them with Meat, and that in a two|fold manner; one way by boiling Food and Phy|&s;ick together: Another way was, by pounding the Medicines, and mixing their very fine pow|der with Pti&s;an, or other Medicines. Both which ways, as they are good in other Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;o e&s;|pecially in an Inflammation of the Liver: For when the Meat pa&s;&s;es out of the Stomach, not onely it, but the Phy&s;ick with it, is drawn to the Liver, whence very likely Purging will &s;ucceed more ea&s;ily, and with far le&s;s trouble. And perhaps that was the Authour's meaning, <HI>Lib. de vict. acut.</HI> 4. <HI>text.</HI> 18. when he &s;ays, <HI>That at|tractory Sorbitions mu&s;t be given.</HI> Wherefore in my Judgment it were the be&s;t way to revive this way of purging, at this time di&s;u&s;ed.</Q> Some di&s;approve of this, becau&s;e if Purgatives be mixt with meat, it corrupts, and therefore the parts are deprived of their due nouri&s;hment. 2. Becau&s;e hot things are pre&s;cribed, very adver&s;e to an inflamed Liver. But 1. This rea&s;on might conclude &s;omething, if Medi|cines were always and daily given with food: But it can doe no great harm, if once or twice eating do not nouri&s;h, becau&s;e fa&s;ting it &s;elf is a &s;ort of evacuation. 2. Though Medicines pre&s;cribed by <HI>Galen,</HI> be never &s;o hot; yet they are tempered by mixing them with Pti&s;an, and &s;uch things.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Alteratives may be given, Whey of A&s;&s;es Milk, either clarified or di&s;tilled: Decoctions of Cichory, Endive, Sow-Thi&s;tle, Sorrel, Liverwort; Clarified Juices of Endive, Sow-Thi&s;tle, in the fore|&s;aid decoction. But I chu&s;e rather to give 1 pound and an half, or 2 pounds of water di&s;tilled off Juice of Endive, Cichory, or Sorrel: Or, Syrup of Juice of Lemons with &s;ome diuretick Vehicle. For Decoctions and Juices lie long on the Stomach, be|cau&s;e they &s;tand in need of &s;ome concoction, and &s;o coolers come to the Liver, with their virtues much broken. And clarified Whey does not pa&s;s &s;o ea&s;ily, and di&s;tilled, it acquires a fiery quality in di&s;tillation, which is not communicated to, nor kept by Waters, which are very cooling. But <HI>Ga|len</HI>'s caution 1. <HI>acut.</HI> 43. mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, That no|thing be given actually cold;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 57. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> for cold things con|den&s;e the part, and render the humours crude.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. If internal Repellents be given as they ought, we mu&s;t have regard to the form, place, time, greatne&s;s of the Inflammation, and to the u&s;e of the Part: To the form; for if the Inflammation be Ery&s;ipelaceous or legitimate, we may at the ve|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y fir&s;t u&s;e Coolers: For although they may cau&s;e &s;ome Ob&s;truction in the Liver, neverthele&s;s the dan|ger is greater, which we prevent by drinking cold water, than the damage that follows; for if the&s;e cooling things were not given, a Con&s;umption or <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b&s;ce&s;s would follow. The place is either the &s;i|mous part, then Coolers mu&s;t by no means be a&s;|tringent, for if they bind the part affected, the matter will grow hard, and the bile-pa&s;&s;age will be &s;topt, and &s;o the Bile retained in the Liver will increa&s;e the Inflammation: Or, the gibbous, then A&s;tringents are not condemned, for they have a fa|culty to hinder the fluxion from the gibbous part to the &s;imous, and &s;o it will be pre&s;erved from In|flammation. Upon the &s;core of the u&s;e of the part, which is common to the whole, things mu&s;t be mixt to pre&s;erve &s;trength. If the Inflammation be pitui|tous or melancholick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from a&s;trin|gent and very cooling things.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Wind gathered in the Cavities of the Body, that is, in the Stomach and Guts, and pent up, if it cannot find a pa&s;&s;age, it makes its way by force through the blind, connivent ducts, and is diffu&s;ed into the ambient Membranes of the Liver, and the capillary Veins di&s;&s;eminated through the hollow and gibbous part of the Liver, and holds them in the manner of a <HI>Schirrhus,</HI> yet without a <HI>Schirrhus</HI> it &s;o much di&s;tends them, that a great &s;welling of|tentimes ari&s;es about the Region of the Liver, and &s;hews it &s;elf by the &s;ame &s;igns that a <HI>Schirrhus</HI> has, but that it is le&s;s renitent, and bred in a &s;horter time: For oftentimes it appears &s;o big, that it fills the whole <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> &s;o that you can neither feel the ends of the ribs, nor get your fingers under them, nor can you feel any figure or circum&s;cription of the Liver. It is known that this Di&s;ea&s;e comes from abundance of vaporous and gro&s;s wind; be|cau&s;e the Patients perceive not onely a &s;en&s;e of gra|vity, but of di&s;ten&s;ion. Not much unlike as the Spleen is &s;ometime di&s;tended by a flatuous Spirit, as <HI>Trallianus</HI> te&s;tifies, they call it <GAP DESC="foreign">, and <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>Windine&s;s</HI> and <HI>Inflation.</HI> And when vulgar Phy&s;icians know not, that the &s;wellings of both the&s;e <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> come from wind, how blindly do they go about the Cure, when they know not the cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e? Then thou&s;ands of Juleps are pre|&s;cribed, the cure is protracted a long time, and at la&s;t, when they have done more harm than good, they with great con&s;tancy affirm, that it is an incu|rable <HI>Schirrhus</HI> of the Liver or the Spleen. But this Ignorance does &s;hamefully di&s;grace its authors; for when this cloudy vapour impacted in the part, is in proce&s;s of time di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by the innate heat, with fomentations, fa&s;ting, an extenuating and heating Diet, admini&s;tred by old Women and Empericks, the &s;welling of the <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> vani&s;hes, all pain is pacified, and the&s;e pains with their fal&s;e opinion are rejected. I exhort therefore all ingenuous lovers of truth, and &s;uch as have regard to their Good-Name and Credit, diligently to learn the difference between the Symptoms of Wind, and others. In|deed it is very difficult, but very commendable, and a thing that gains the Learned much credit. For many Patients, as if they were breathing their la&s;t, through exce&s;&s;ive pain and trouble, do mi&s;erably cry out for no other cau&s;e, than that they come from a windy Spirit: Which if it be corrupt, if it ari&s;e from a putrid and poi&s;onous matter, and run up and down the Limbs with intolerable pain, then it re|quires a man well skilled in the works of Art, who can know both the mole&s;ting Wind, and the matter whence it ari&s;es, and can di&s;tingui&s;h this from other Di&s;ea&s;es. Moreover, the di&s;ten&s;ion of the <HI>Hypochon|drium</HI> from wind alone is of no long continuance without the efflux of Phlegm; for continual Pain draws it, the exten&s;ion of the pa&s;&s;ages admits it, and the coldne&s;s of it, yea, and of both of them, weakens the Liver, whereupon crude humours are bred. Wherefore I would advi&s;e the Phy&s;ician to take care of both, but of that e&s;pecially, which is mo&s;t urgent. Yet we mu&s;t have a care how we u&s;e hot things, e&s;pecially in &s;uch as are plethorick, or have got a hot Liver, either by nature or a hot cour&s;e of Diet. A large Cupping-gla&s;s applied twice or thrice, with much flame, is good; yet
<PB N="285" REF="148"> not before the phlegm be perfectly evacuated, otherwi&s;e there were danger, le&s;t it &s;hould fix the phlegm there, and prove the cau&s;e of a true <HI>Schirrhus.</HI> Almo&s;t the &s;ame remedies are good for the flatu|lent ob&s;truction of the Spleen, which are good for the Liver, but it requires &s;tronger purges, if the humours be gro&s;s. But if there be no great &s;tore of flatulencies, and they be thin, without hot mat|ter, and if the habit of the body be &s;pare, then gentle things mu&s;t be u&s;ed both inwardly and out|wardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Flenus, <HI>Phy|&s;ograph. cap.</HI> 9. <HI>&amp;</HI> 19.</NOTE> and oftentimes the applying of a Cup|ping-gla&s;s will be &s;ufficient.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. My Tincture made of <HI>Mars</HI> and <HI>Saccharum Sa|turni</HI> in Plantain-water is good again&s;t an Inflamma|tion of the Liver: For <HI>Saturn</HI> is contrary to all In|flammations: But we mu&s;t have a care, that we u&s;e it not too often.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Petraeus</HI> No|&s;ol. Harmon. l. <HI>2.</HI> p. <HI>211.</HI></NOTE> Externally the &s;ame may be u&s;ed with Water of Plantain, Ro&s;es, Strawberry, or Night-&s;hade. &para; If you would know whether there be an Inflammation in it, or in any other part, ap|ply hot Topicks. If the part can bear them, there is no inflammation:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> But if it cannot bear them, certainly know, there is an Inflammation, and that an Ab&s;ce&s;s will follow.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> being ill of a <HI>Schirrhus</HI> in her Liver, u&s;ed &s;o many emollient things, that at length an Inflammation, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd then a great Ab&s;ce&s;s aro&s;e, after which an Ulcer, and Death followed. From whence it is clear, that Emollients mu&s;t not be u&s;ed to Scirrhous Tumours, as <HI>Galen</HI> 5. <HI>&s;imp. cap.</HI> 1. advi&s;es. And not onely Scirrhous Tumours of the Internal parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus. <HI>c.</HI> 4. <HI>de Gangraen.</HI></NOTE> but of the external al&s;o, are ex|a&s;perated by them, and turn to Cancers.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. If the <HI>Scirrhus</HI> be contumacious, <HI>Empla|&s;trum &egrave; Cicuta Hildani</HI> does the bu&s;ine&s;s. I u&s;ed it with good &s;ucce&s;s in a Lawyer of <HI>Marpurg.</HI> Although it cau&s;e pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman|nus.</NOTE> yet it mu&s;t be kept on, and renewed every third day.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. The Liver, being a noble part, mu&s;t be treated with great caution; for you mu&s;t not think, that you need not care with what remedies you al|ter it, &s;o as you may reduce it to its natural Sym|metry; but you mu&s;t &s;ee, when it rages with heat, that you do not apply to it chilly things, whereby the &s;mall veins of the Liver may be &s;topt: for thence a great calamity of Putrefaction may ari&s;e, and a foundation may be laid for the greate&s;t Fevers. Let them therefore be openers of ob&s;tructions, &s;uch as breathe a gentle heat: for this is a part of &s;o great authority, that Life cannot &s;ub&s;i&s;t without it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> &para; I indeed avoid the exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of cold things to the Liver: Becau&s;e it is a part, which, when it is hot, ea&s;ily falls into the contrary fault. Yet to them that have a natural &s;trength in that part, and their Liver burns with a hot intempera|ture, an <HI>Oxyrrhodinum,</HI> actually cold, may be applied, as it is u&s;ed to the Forehead, and al&s;o a Catapla&s;m made of it and Barley-flower, or of brui&s;ed herbs, cold virtually as well as actually: And truely I have found this very &s;ea&s;onable in Burning Fevers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> with an Inflammation of it.</P>
<P N="20">XX. When the Liver is hot, we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether the Intemperature be &s;imple, or come of bile: If from bile, we mu&s;t cool with gentle aperi|ents, and bind a little, as with Con&s;erve of Mai|den-hair,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> with Cichoraceous things, Buglo&s;s, and the greater cold Seeds.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Then for tempering the heat of the Li|ver and Bloud, two great remedies mu&s;t be u&s;ed; the one internal, the other external; The Internal is A&s;&s;es Milk and Sugar, methodically given for for|ty days and more; And the External is a Bath of &s;weet Water for the whole body, made of a de|coction of leaves of Mallow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 47. <HI>cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Violets, Willow, Wa|ter-lily, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. After the Meat is pa&s;&s;ed out of the Sto|mach, and concocted, it is good to drink, e&s;pecial|ly Beer well boiled and wrought; for &s;o the Sto|mach, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, is wa&s;ht; the Guts, who&s;e moi&s;ture is exhau&s;ted by the heat of the Liver, are moi&s;tned, and the Belly is loo&s;ned; the Chyle al&s;o penetrates aright into the Veins;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> for drink is no|thing but the Vehicle of the Chyle.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, A Vein mu&s;t be opened in an ob&s;truction of the Liver, when it is old: Which mu&s;t be rightly under&s;tood; for if we &s;hould al|ways tarry till the Ob&s;truction were old, certain|ly it would be &s;o encrea&s;ed, that it would be dan|gerous. <HI>Avicenna</HI> therefore means &s;ome great fault in the bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> and if the Ob&s;truction be from bloud, and give not way to gentle Medicines, a Vein mu&s;t be opened.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Whether the Liver or Spleen labour of an Ob&s;truction of crude, thin and inconcocted hu|mours, or of a <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> the Phy&s;ician may quickly remove the Di&s;ea&s;e, if he carry off the matter by &s;trong Purges: But if out of timorou&s;ne&s;s, becau&s;e of <HI>Aph.</HI> 22.1. he delay it, the bad humours mix them&s;elves with the Ma&s;s of bloud, &s;o that after|wards there ari&s;es a tedious Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. If there be no occa&s;ion nor rea&s;on to let bloud, we mu&s;t take care to purge the bloud from the pollution of the &s;erous and watry humour, by giving things to purge the &s;erous Tumour; For which purpo&s;e, I have learned, by long experi|ence, that Juice of Seed of <HI>Carthamus,</HI> and an In|fu&s;ion of Agarick and Rheubarb are good; which you mu&s;t doe at &s;hort Intervals, namely, every third or fourth day: for you mu&s;t in this manner purge the ob&s;tructions of the Liver, e&s;pecially them that are in the gibbous or hollow part of the Liver: Becau&s;e, to purge more plentifully, would either be to no purpo&s;e, or dangerous, &s;eeing it is im|po&s;&s;ible for a great deal to pa&s;s the ob&s;tructed ca|vities; but in an ob&s;truction, that is not in the pa&s;|&s;ages, we may evacuate more liberally. When you have done this &s;ix times, you mu&s;t betake your &s;elf to things that have a virtue to evacuate the humidity of the Liver, and to correct its fault; and &s;o for &s;ix or eight days you mu&s;t give every morning <HI>Confectio de jecore Lupi</HI> made into Lozenges; al&s;o Powder, or Lozenges of China and Dock-root, with twice as much Sugar; or <HI>Diarrhoden</HI> with pow|der of Schoenanth; Trochi&s;cs of Rheubarb with a little <HI>Dialacca</HI> and Sugar. And &s;o at intervals, you mu&s;t purge what is watry, and &s;trengthen the Li|ver, and you mu&s;t endeavour to open it with the fore&s;aid Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Errour is committed by many in the u&s;e of Rheubarb. If the ob&s;truction come from bile, it is approved; if from phlegm or melancholy, by no means, e&s;pecially when the phlegm is thin: But if thick phlegm or melancholy offend, it will doe harm, for it evacuates Bile, which is matter of Health in the Body, becau&s;e by its heat, the cold|ne&s;s of the phlegm and melancholy abates, it atte|nuates al&s;o, and in &s;ome mea&s;ure is deter&s;ive. This is another errour, Becau&s;e this Di&s;ea&s;e is of long continuance, Phy&s;icians pre&s;cribe, that the Patient do frequently, that is, every, or every other day, chew Rheubarb, and &s;wallow it: but they are mi&s;|taken; for bile is evacuated, which does not of|fend, and the ob&s;truction is increa&s;ed, becau&s;e it is not admini&s;tred in infu&s;ion, but in &s;ub&s;tance, which is thick and &s;tops. They err al&s;o, who order it to be chewed with Rai&s;ins, to take off the unplea|&s;antne&s;s: But by this means its &s;ub&s;tance is carri|ed to the Liver, the place ob&s;tructed; for &s;weet things &s;erve for a vehicle to others; whereby the ve&s;&s;els are more ob&s;tructed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. It is a good way of cure, which eva|cuates by Urine; but we mu&s;t not u&s;e all evacua|ters by Urine: for things that breed much aqueous humidity, do rather give an augmentation to the cau&s;e, and increa&s;e ob&s;tructions. Wherefore many doe ami&s;s in u&s;ing emul&s;ions of the cold Seeds for ob&s;tructions remaining after acute di&s;ea&s;es. There|fore, I think, &s;uch things &s;hould be u&s;ed, which
<PB N="286" REF="149"> either have a property to move Urine, as Rheubarb, Seed of <HI>Carthamus,</HI> or are ab&s;ter&s;ive, as Turpentine, and Chalybeate Medicines. For things that are properly diuretick, as &s;uch as put the humours in fu&s;ion, &s;eem a little &s;u&s;picious: though &s;ometimes they may be u&s;efull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> becau&s;e they contribute much to the carrying of other Medicines.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Things that di&s;&s;olve Tartar, bred any where in the body, do open ob&s;tructions of the Li|ver, from what cau&s;e &s;oever they proceed: For as the ob&s;tructions of the Macroco&s;m, &s;o al&s;o of the Microco&s;m, are made by Tartar. But things may be added to them, which are commonly pre&s;cribed by Practitioners: for though they cannot doe the bu&s;ine&s;s, yet they are &s;ure vehicles, to carry de|ob&s;truent Medicines, that is, things that di&s;&s;olve Tartar, to the part affected, and render them more effectual. Therefore di&s;tilled Waters, Apozemes, Infu&s;ions, Syrups, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> ought not to be neglected. Iron, and its various preparations are the principal Medicines in this ca&s;e. Many preparations of it are invented; but, the &s;impler they are, the better. It is admirable, how effectual the crude filings of <HI>Mars</HI> are in &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es, taken twice or thrice a day, from half a &s;cruple to half a drachm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. We mu&s;t always take care, that &s;ome A|&s;tringents be mixt with things that open ob&s;tructi|ons, and attenuate, that the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>vi&s;cus</HI> may be &s;trengthned, and the aperients, being longer detained there, may act more effectually. For it has been found, that the Liver has been not a lit|tle hurt by the exce&s;&s;ive and continual u&s;e of ape|rients.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. They de&s;erve reprehen&s;ion, who give but 1 ounce and an half of <HI>Oxymel:</HI> which &s;mall quantity &s;carce moi&s;tens the bottom of the Stomac<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, it is kept partly in the <HI>Pari&s;thmia,</HI> and after it is taken is &s;pit out again, and partly in the Gullet; where|fore both the quantity and virtue of it are &s;o dimi|ni&s;hed in the journey, before it comes at the Li|ver, that the <HI>materia prima</HI> of the <HI>Oxymel</HI> gets not thi|ther. I give 4 ounces of <HI>Oxymel,</HI> and &s;ometimes 6 every day, but at divers hours, that is, 1 ounce and an half early in the morning, and as much a little before dinner and &s;upper: for if it &s;hould all be given in the morning, it would hurt the Sto|mach too much.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. In opening ob&s;tructions of the Liver, we mu&s;t proceed in this order, fir&s;t the concave, then the gibbous part of it mu&s;t be opened; and indeed in the concave preparation mu&s;t be u&s;ed, with cla|rified juice of Cichory, Liverwort, and Agrimony, to 3 ounces in a decoction of Cichory, Agrimony, Hops, <HI>A&s;paragus,</HI> and roots of Gra&s;s; having fir&s;t gi|ven a <HI>Bolus</HI> of <HI>Pil. de tribus</HI> half a drachm, with <HI>Ca&s;|&s;ia,</HI> per&s;i&s;ting &s;everal days, that both the pa&s;&s;ages may be opened, and the gro&s;s excrements carried off, not omitting a Purge of Agarick, Rheubarb, <HI>Senna,</HI> &amp;c. The hollow part being opened, the gib|bous part of the Liver mu&s;t be cured with violent openers and purgers; for example; Take of ex|tract of Rheubarb 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> half a &s;cruple. Mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus,</HI> upon which, let the Patient drink &s;ome di&s;tilled Water of Agrimony, in which, after a while, ten drops of rectified Spirit of Tartar may be dropt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Purgatives mu&s;t an&s;wer in proportion to the fore&s;aid preparers and aperients, among which, &s;ince Rheubarb has the prerogative, we mu&s;t not depart from it; yet ob&s;erving this difference, that as the &s;ub&s;tance purges the hollow more than the gibbous part, &s;o the Infu&s;ion purges the gibbous part more than the hollow of the Liver, becau&s;e it communicates its &s;ubtiler parts to the Infu&s;ion. Let 2 drachms be infu&s;ed in Agrimony-water, adding a little Spike, <HI>Senna,</HI> and Polypody of the Oak, and to the expre&s;&s;ion add &s;ome Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olu|tive.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. We mu&s;t not de&s;i&s;t from the u&s;e of a|perients, till all pain be quite gone, or well aba|ted, and the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> be lighter, &s;ince the ob&s;truc|tion of the Liver is a chronical Di&s;ea&s;e, and u&s;ual|ly cannot be opened in one week, nay, &s;carce in a whole year. We mu&s;t be very indu&s;trious to take it away; for there is the beginning and foundation of all Di&s;ea&s;es; and unle&s;s it be carefully and to|tally taken away, it cau&s;es the corruption of the Bloud, Inflammations, Fevers, <HI>Schirrhi,</HI> divers Fluxes of the Belly, Cachexy, Drop&s;ie, Jaundice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. A due order mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in giving of all Medi|cines, Univer&s;als mu&s;t always be given before Par|ticulars and Topicks. 3. Medicines mu&s;t not be given till long after Meat. 4. They mu&s;t be Li|quid, that they may penetrate. 5. Attenuant, di&s;|&s;olving and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing things; be&s;ides that, they mu&s;t be moderate, and mu&s;t al&s;o be hepatick and a&s;tringent. 6. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver we mu&s;t not u&s;e &s;weet things as Meat, but as Sauce, after recovery: but they mu&s;t not be offered to any, while they are indi&s;po&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> External Topicks mu&s;t never be cold; but always hot, or warm.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. One at <HI>Padua</HI> was ill of a deplorable Ulcer of the Liver, he was otherwi&s;e a lu&s;ty Man, and addicted to Sea-affairs. The Excellent <HI>H. S.</HI> a Phy&s;ician of <HI>Venice,</HI> con<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rary to the advice of the re&s;t of the Phy&s;icians, got his <HI>Abdomen</HI> opened with a Razour upon the Region of the Liver, that much of the <HI>Pus</HI> might run out at the wound; After which the wound was cured, and the Man &s;urvi|ved, and three years after he leaped and wrought,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci|us.</NOTE> and found no inconvenience.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Some are of opinion, that an Impo&s;t|hume of the Liver mu&s;t not be opened, becau&s;e, according to <HI>Fernelius</HI> 6. <HI>de part. Morb. cap.</HI> 4. and <HI>Fo|re&s;tus, lib.</HI> 19. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 10. an Ulcer contracted from an Ab&s;ce&s;s, which is continually wa&s;hed with aliment, mu&s;t perpetually be very foul; nor can it ever heal, &s;eeing the &s;ub&s;tance of the Liver is &s;perma|tick, and can no more be repaired than other &s;uch parts. This Di&s;ea&s;e therefore, &s;ince it is of it &s;elf mortal, let the Phy&s;ician ab&s;tain from external in|ci&s;ion or burning, le&s;t he be thought to have kil|led the Man, whom the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e de|&s;troyed. But on the contrary, where it is not po&s;|&s;ible to evacuate the <HI>Pus</HI> by Urine, or any other way. <HI>Mercatus Pract. lib.</HI> 4. <HI>cap.</HI> 2. intimates, that the opening of it with a red hot Iron may be practi&s;ed, by a skilfull and hone&s;t Chirurgeon. <Q>If, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> the ab&s;ce&s;s appear outwardly, certainly it is bad not to cut it, becau&s;e if inci&s;ion be omitted, the Liver is eroded by the <HI>Pus,</HI> and there is no e&s;ca|ping of Death. But if you be minded to cut it (without a red-hot Iron) there will be danger of an hemorrhage, and the Man will immediately be de&s;troyed.</Q> Notwith&s;tanding, <HI>Capivaccius, l.</HI> 3. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 23. and, <HI>Saxonia, l.</HI> 3. <HI>Panthaei, c.</HI> 29. give in&s;tances of the opening of it with &s;ucce&s;s. Some tumours come to &s;uppuration, and becau&s;e the Liver is of little &s;en&s;e; for onely the gibbous part of it has Nerves, therefore crude ones cannot be di&s;tingui&s;h|ed from &s;uppurable ones, but in proce&s;s of time: For then they that &s;uppurate, e&s;pecially on the gib|bous part, &s;tand out &s;harp, and indicate Section, without endangering of Life, as I have experienced in &s;everal: although the common integuments, the Mu&s;cles and <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> were cut. But if it be in the hollow part, it mu&s;t be purged by Urine, as I ob&s;erved in a Nun. Which cannot be done in a Tumour of the gibbous part. When it is cut, a Tent may be put in, dipt in the White of an Egg. Then we mu&s;t u&s;e dige&s;tives, as in the wound of that part;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 52.</NOTE> Afterwards a cicatrice mu&s;t be made with Sarcoticks, and then with Epuloticks; yet all the purulent matter mu&s;t fir&s;t be evacuated by help of Tents, and leaden Pipes, by which it is purged &s;ooner, and with more convenience. In this man|ner I have cured &s;everal, who, at this pre&s;ent,
<PB N="287" REF="149"> live well in health. &para; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 7. <HI>Aph.</HI> 46. teaches us how a purulent Liver may be healed. But al|mo&s;t all Men judge them de&s;perate, who have a pu|rulent Liver. The Cure, I believe, is not &s;o diffi|cult, but it may be attempted with &s;ome hopes of recovery; But Phy&s;icians fearing le&s;t the <HI>Pus</HI> &s;hould be found bloudy and fetid (in which ca&s;e they certainly die) are afraid, le&s;t the cau&s;e of death &s;hould be imputed to them. I vi&s;ited one, who&s;e Liver I immediately judged was inflamed and pu|rulent: Others believed he was troubled with a malignant Fever. I thought to have cut him over again&s;t the Swelling, to let the <HI>Pus</HI> out, which re|medy was derided: After he was dead, I ordered the place to be opened, which the wretched Man, while he lived, pointed to, as mo&s;t tormented, and the Coat of the Liver was found parted from the <HI>Parenchyma,</HI> and in that &s;pace there were five pounds of white <HI>Pus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> as I foretold. &para; Although <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 7. <HI>Aph.</HI> 42. &s;ays, the ca&s;e is de&s;perate, when <HI>Pus</HI> comes out like to Lees of Oil; yet we mu&s;t not wholly de&s;i&s;t from good hope, &s;eeing this &s;eems to pro|ceed rather from the natural condition of the &s;up|purated Liver, than from the default of heat one|ly, becau&s;e, when the &s;ub&s;tance of the Liver is in|flamed, the heat is not &s;uch, as to be able to turn the &s;ub&s;tance of it into white <HI>Pus.</HI> But, if you will venture on it, make the hole large outward|ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> and narrow inwardly.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hernia,</HI> or, A Rupture.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It does not come in the Groin onely. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may rely on Medicines taken inwardly? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;t and long lying in bed the be&s;t remedy. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The fa&s;hion of a <HI>Splenium</HI> under the Tru&s;s. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Tru&s;s mu&s;t be applied to each Groin. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cutting mu&s;t not be tried in all. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A rupture in the Guts cured by Section. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of curing one without Section by means of a Cau|&s;tick. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician ought not to con&s;ent to Ca&s;tration. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The new way of curing a Rupture, fal&s;e. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The coalition in old Men cannot be expected. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Section may be ventured on in them? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not purge in a Rupture with an Inflammation. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Cly&s;ters may be given in one? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured onely by means of a Tru&s;s. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By long taking of Saracen's Con&s;ound. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution about putting up of the Gut, out of the <HI>Scrotum</HI> by Chirurgery. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If an <HI>Hydrocele</HI> mu&s;t be cured by Inci&s;ion, let it be made in the lower part of the <HI>Scrotum. XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a Cautery. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Every <HI>Hydrocele</HI> admits not of Section. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;afe way of Cure. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After opening, the Tent mu&s;t quickly be removed. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Section is dangerous, if there be a <HI>Sarcocele</HI> with it. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chirurgical care of a <HI>Pneumatocele. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a <HI>Sarcocele</HI> mu&s;t be cured by Section? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Medicines. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The true way of Cure. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A fal&s;e one from the Swelling of the <HI>Para&s;tatae. XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where the Ligature preceding exci&s;ion mu&s;t be made? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chirurgical cure of a Varicous one. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The prevention of a Varicous one. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to the fomenting cau&s;e. <HI>XXXII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Groin is the u&s;ual place for Ruptures; but do not per&s;wade your &s;elf, that the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> cannot be dilated, or bur&s;t in other places, and make a Rupture there. It happens above the Navel, but very &s;eldom. Not onely I, but others with me, have &s;een one below the Navel, and by the &s;ides of it, and far above the Groin, which they dealt with as with an Ab&s;ce&s;s. And the Chirurge|on could produce no other rea&s;on for his errour, but that it was not the u&s;ual place for Ruptures. Practice &s;hews us many other Ruptures be&s;ides &s;im|ple and compound ones, which are not found among Writers. For experience has taught me, that the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> may bur&s;t in the hind part toward the back, and there make a Rupture: we find al&s;o, that the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> may be &s;o bur&s;t in the Groin, that the Guts may not fall into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> but thru&s;t them&s;elves between the Skin and the Mu&s;cles, towards the thigh. Be&s;ides, I have more than once ob&s;erved <HI>a vas deferens</HI> corrugated has fal|len into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and cau&s;ed a Rupture there, which might ea&s;ily be put up by help of the hand;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> yea, which upon lying on his back would go in of it &s;elf, from which no danger need be feared.</P>
<P N="2">II. Medicines acting by a manife&s;t quality, are &s;uch, as by their excellent a&s;tringent and drying quality do contract the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> and &s;top the going out of the Guts: But the u&s;e of them in grown per&s;ons is very much &s;u&s;pected; for by long u&s;ing of them, the Liver, and other of the Inwards are hurt and ob&s;tructed, and then I &s;ee not how the virtue of them, becau&s;e of their a&s;tringent faculty, can get to the place affected. Be&s;ides, the Belly is made very co&s;tive, but how dangerous co|&s;tivene&s;s is for a Rupture, is known to all Men. Yet I have often experienced the&s;e things follow|ing, which act by their &s;pecifick virtue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus,</NOTE> to be excel|lent, Comfrey-root, Rupture-wort, Earth-worms, &s;potted Lungwort, Stag's-pizzle, Seed of Thorow-wax.</P>
<P N="3">III. The noble <HI>J. J. &agrave; Die&s;pach</HI> had been ill for 20 years of a great Rupture of his Guts; for cu|ring of which, he had u&s;ed &s;everal experienced Men, but in vain. At length, when he did not dream of being cured of it, he had a fit of &s;ickne&s;s, which confined him above &s;ix months to his bed. After this he found not the lea&s;t &s;ign of his preceding Rup|ture, nor did he u&s;e Tru&s;&s;es any more. And that it was a perfect cure, this is a &s;ign, for when two years afterwards he was troubled with &s;toppage of Urine and Co&s;tivene&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and u&s;ed an emollient Bath and laxative Ointments, not the lea&s;t &s;ign of any Rup|ture appeared. &para; Contrary to the expectation of many, I cured a Man who had had a Rupture in his guts 10 years, thus. I ordered him to keep his Bed for a month, keeping his Legs as clo&s;e toge|ther as he could, not &s;preading them abroad: to keep a drying diet, unle&s;s perhaps he took a few &s;tewed Prunes, to loo&s;en him: to eat nothing win|dy, crude, and hard of dige&s;tion, except feet of Hogs, Kids, or Sheep. And he u&s;ed the&s;e Medi|cines; Take of <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> Comfrey-root, true Bole-Armenick, each 2 drachms, burnt Hart&s;horn 1 drachm. Let him take for 14 or 15 days 1 drachm and an half, or 2 drachms, every morning in Ca|pon-broth. Then take of Dragon's-bloud, Mumy, Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, Comfrey-root, Bole-Arme|nick, Red Snails, Hedge-hog powdered 1 ounce. Let them all be incorporated with the Turpentine, make a Pla&s;ter, and apply it to the Groin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Yet let univer&s;als be u&s;ed before.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In fitting the <HI>Splenium</HI> to the Tru&s;s, our chief care mu&s;t be to make it fit, that it be not round like a ball, as they are u&s;ually made by unskilfull Chirurgeons: for when they are &s;o extuberant, they drive the Groin too much inward, that the torn membrane cannot chu&s;e but keep open con|tinually, and will never knit. So al&s;o it comes to pa&s;s, that the Gut bur&s;ts out, upon any violent motion, and notwith&s;tanding that turgid round <HI>Sple|nium,</HI> it &s;lips down into the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> Therefore the <HI>Splenium</HI> mu&s;t be three-cornered, large enough for
<PB N="288" REF="150"> the Groin affected, &s;o gently &s;upported, and cover|ed with a plate outwardly convex a little, or with &s;ome hard renitent matter, that the inner <HI>Superfi|cies</HI> may not be plainly extuberant, but &s;o made, that it may be firm, and as it were a little concave, which may neatly receive the Groin, and may gent|ly pre&s;s it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander, <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">3.</NOTE> when it is every way aptly compre|hended.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Tru&s;s mu&s;t be fitted to each Groin; for if it be applied but to one onely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> it &s;wells the other, and ea&s;ily cau&s;es a <HI>Bubonocele.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. They that go about to cure Ruptures by Section, let them fir&s;t &s;ee and diligently enquire, whether the Inte&s;tines, fallen into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> through the proce&s;&s;es of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> and &s;trait|ned by the narrowne&s;s of the way, have contracted a Gangrene: for then, though they cut never &s;o well, the Man will dye the next day. And it will be thought that the Chirurgeon has killed him. Of which thing <HI>Slegelius</HI> ob&s;erved examples in <HI>France.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Being called to &s;ome too late, when the Gut was inflamed, &s;o that it could not get back a|gain by the narrow hole in the broken <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> for the Swelling, I &s;aved three Patients from pre|&s;ent death by dilating the hole with inci&s;ion, thus; Fir&s;t, I place him, as I &s;aid before, for repo&s;ition, binding him fa&s;t, &s;o that he cannot &s;tir in the opera|tion: After this, I draw a tran&s;ver&s;e line with Ink over the line of the &s;trangulation of the Gut, where the Rupture of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> is. Then I draw ano|ther line, to cut the former perpendicularly, ju&s;t upon the place of Strangulation, and in the middle of it: then I take up the skin between my two fingers, on each &s;ide, according to the tran&s;ver&s;e Section, and cut it with a Razour along the per|pendicular, about 2 inches in length: Then the mu&s;cles that cover the Rupture are elevated by de|grees, and &s;eparated with a Penkn fe, till the pro|duction of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> be laid open: And when it is laid open, it is cut open with the &s;ame Pen|knife, and in this manner the Gut is put up again. But if the Gut be &s;o &s;welled with the inflammati|on or wind, that it cannot be thru&s;t back into the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> the apertion already made, may be amplifi|ed, by putting a cannulated Catheter into the Wound, upon which lithotomy is made, and the <HI>Abdomen</HI> may be cut upon it with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers, above or below,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> as the Chirurgeon &s;hall think meet. &para; In the City of <HI>Padua</HI> I ob&s;erved inte&s;tinal Rup|tures often wedged in, attended with black Vomi|tings, and tending quickly to death. I opened three dead per&s;ons, and with the greate&s;t care ex|amined the falling down of the writhen Gut <HI>Ileon,</HI> and the manner how the Excrements were wedged in. Thence being emboldned, at my earne&s;t re|que&s;t to the Patient and By-&s;tanders, I ventured on cutting, though very dangerous, and GOD ble&s;&s;ed it. I ea&s;ed the Gut by cutting the skin, the pro|ce&s;s of the Mu&s;cles and the <HI>Peritonaeum.</HI> When it was put up, and future made, the wound was cu|red without any &s;ub&s;equent Rupture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. I have been &s;pectatour to a Frenchman, who &s;ucce&s;sfully cured many in a very &s;afe method: for it is done with little or no pain, and the ve&s;&s;els are not tinged with bloud, and therefore may bet|ter be &s;een and handled: And it is the more de|&s;irable in Males, becau&s;e it may be done without cutting out a Te&s;ticle. He applied a potential Cautery a little above the Region of the Te&s;ticle, on the broken &s;ide, where the Bag falls into the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> in &s;uch a quantity, that by mortifying the skin about half an inch in length, he made an E&s;char: Which being cut off, he applied another Cautery, till the skin being quite taken away, the fat appeared, which he cut with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers, till the proce&s;s that carried the &s;eminary ve&s;&s;els ap|peared: Two days after which was done, he &s;epa|rated the&s;e ve&s;&s;els from the proce&s;s artificially with his fingers; and with a crooked Needle he drew a Thread underneath, and tied the proce&s;s gently, putting him then to no pain at all. The Thread afterwards, in &s;ucce&s;s of time, falling off, and Sar|cotick Ointments applied, he produced fle&s;h there by degrees like a <HI>Callus,</HI> which grows the more ea&s;i|ly to this proce&s;s, becau&s;e the red Coat, called <HI>Ely|thro&iuml;s,</HI> is carnous and mu&s;culous;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Tem.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and &s;o by pre&s;&s;ing and filling the place of the lo&s;t &s;ub&s;tance, he &s;topt the falling down of the Guts, and &s;o perfectly and happily performed the cure.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Ca&s;tration expo&s;es the Patient to manife&s;t danger of death: for they that ca&s;trate, do, for fear le&s;t, when the cure is fini&s;hed, a relaxation &s;hould remain, by their violent drawing, draw a&s;ide the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> from the parts to which it &s;ticks, and al&s;o a Nerve of the &s;ixth conjugation, which goes to the te&s;ticle; from which things ari|&s;es great pain, convul&s;ion, bleeding, inflammation, putrefaction, death. But they that e&s;cape the&s;e dan|gers, are deprived of their generating faculty. Wherefore I &s;hould never &s;ub&s;cribe to the cutting out of the &s;tones, unle&s;s perhaps a <HI>Sarcocele,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE> or a Gangrene &s;eize them.</P>
<P N="10">X. There is a late invention of the Spaniards to cure inte&s;tinal Ruptures, without cutting out of the Stones. They make a &s;imple Section lengthways along the proce&s;s of the dilated <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> they thru&s;t the Te&s;ticle of the &s;ide affected into the ca|pacity of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and then making a golden puncture, they heal the wound. But becau&s;e after this cure all are made barren, if it be done on both &s;ides, Coun&s;el was de&s;ired from <HI>Rome</HI> concerning Matrimony, Whether &s;uch could lawfully Marry, as being unable to get Children?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Henricus &agrave; Monichen, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 24.</NOTE> We expect a &s;o|lution of the difficulty. &para; But the mo&s;t skilfull Chi|rargeons do not approve of this way of cure, be|cau&s;e, if the hole be larger than the &s;tone, it quick|ly falls down again, and the Patient is as bad as before; and becau&s;e, if the &s;tone be larger than the hole, if it be &s;traitned it is pained, whence follows inflammation, barrenne&s;s, or death.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus;</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Be not unmindfull, how that the edges of the bur&s;t <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> in old Men, and old Ruptures, are &s;ometimes &s;o hardned with a <HI>Callus,</HI> that they cannot grow together again, though they are never &s;o accurately brought to mutual contact; but in this ca&s;e the bu&s;ine&s;s mu&s;t be done with Tru&s;&s;es: But in children they grow up ea&s;ily, &s;o that here Swathes &s;eem more proper than the be&s;t Tru&s;|&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Vale&s;cus de Taranta</HI> &s;ays, that he who pre&s;umes to cure a cacochymick, a weak or an old Man by inci&s;i|on, does plainly de&s;ire to be accounted a Murtherer. Yet <HI>Hildanus, Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 73. &s;hews, by an exam|ple, that it may be done in decrepit Men, upon extreme nece&s;&s;ity, if &s;o be the Inwards be &s;ound.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. If an Inflammation and the excrements con|cur in hindring the repo&s;ition of the Gut, the ca&s;e indeed is very de&s;perate, yet neverthele&s;s a di&s;|charge of the Excrements mu&s;t be attempted by Baths, or Fomentations, which relax the di&s;ten|&s;ion, and by lenient Cly&s;ters, letting alone the ta|king of Purges by the mouth, which otherwi&s;e would cau&s;e a greater afflux of the humours to the part affected, and according to <HI>Fallopius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> ha&s;ten the Patient's death.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Some deny, that Cly&s;ters may be given, when the Gut is fallen into the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> But the fal|ling down of the Gut mu&s;t be di&s;tingui&s;hed, which is either but falling, or is fallen and inveterate. I reckon it is falling, in the beginning, as &s;oon as the Gut falls into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and increa&s;es the Ma|lady, then it is better to loo&s;en the bound body with a Suppo&s;itory, and then to apply a bag of Roots of emollient Herbs, Flowers and Seeds, than to give a Cly&s;ter pre&s;ently, le&s;t it &s;hould fall with the Gut into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and make it wor&s;e: I reckon it is inveterate, when the Gut has been for &s;ome days kept in the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> &s;o that bad Sym|ptoms,
<PB N="289" REF="150"> hardne&s;s, ten&s;ion of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> pain, vomi|ting, re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> torment the Patient: in the&s;e, Cly&s;ters are not onely convenient, but nece&s;&s;ary; nor need we fear, that they can ea&s;ily fall into the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> For when the Gut is inclo&s;ed in the hole of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> and the Sheath, and therefore com|pre&s;&s;ed, it is &s;carce po&s;&s;ible, that the Cly&s;ter &s;hould get into the <HI>Scrotum.</HI> In the mean time the giving a Cly&s;ter makes the Gut &s;oft and &s;lippery, a&s;&s;wages pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> and di&s;cu&s;&s;es wind, all which things are requi|&s;ite.</P>
<P N="15">XV. I ordered one, who had a perfect rupture, among other proper things, to &s;top the coming of it down with a Tru&s;s, which he u&s;ed for the &s;pace of &s;ix years, and at length he affirmed he was well: And indeed, when his genitals were examined, no &s;ign of a Rupture appeared. When he was dead, I &s;earched by what means Nature had hindred the falling down of the Guts. And I found a fatty &s;ub&s;tance about the hole in the proce&s;s of the <HI>Pe|ritonaeum,</HI> about the bigne&s;s of a Tennis-ball, &s;o clo&s;e knit to the &s;aid proce&s;s, that it could &s;carce be &s;e|parated without tearing the adjacent parts. I have known others, who have been cured by con&s;tant wearing of a Tru&s;s, and by that alone; who, be|ing formerly lean, and afterwards fat, fat has ga|thered about the Guts, which has made them &s;well, and &s;o there was no pa&s;&s;age for them into the <HI>Scrotum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pataeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> above 50 years old, &s;ays, he was cu|red onely with a Tru&s;s, and often taking Saracen's confound, and Thorow-wax in Broth, with the fat of a Hen,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cur. Mi&s;c. ob&s;. <HI>306.</HI> an. <HI>92.</HI></NOTE> Honey and May-butter: But he u&s;ed the&s;e things a year.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. The de&s;cent of the Gut, by the holes of the Tendons, which are alternately di&s;po&s;ed, mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, le&s;t in putting back of the Gut, which is done by Chirurgical operation, it &s;hould be put among the <HI>Aponeuro&s;es,</HI> for the hole of the la&s;t Tendon mu&s;t be cut, that the Gut may be thru&s;t back,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enchir. p.</HI> 161.</NOTE> in which thing many Chirurgeons mi&s;take, even the mo&s;t skilfull, to the hazard of Life.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Chirurgeons are very earne&s;t to have an Inci&s;ion made in the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> to let out the watry humour; and they doe well, in my opinion,. But it &s;eems an ab&s;urd thing to me, that this Inci&s;ion &s;hould not be made in the lower part of the <HI>Scro|tum:</HI> for when the Te&s;ticle is wholly elevated, Secti|on may more &s;afely be made in the bottom. Nei|ther have I ob&s;erved, that any harm followed up|on it hitherto. Nor let any one &s;ay, that a Tent put into the emi&s;&s;ary made below, does prick the Te&s;ticle; becau&s;e a skilfull Chirurgeon prevents that.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amatus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>cur.</HI> 84.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>J. Ve&s;lingius</HI> reported, that he formerly &s;aw in <HI>Aegypt</HI> a Man three&s;core years old cured of an <HI>Hydrocele</HI> by burning with Flax, a thing familiar with the <HI>Aegyptians,</HI> above the &s;houlder blades, on each &s;ide in the Neck; and in like manner upon the Groin, at the root of the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peri|tonaeum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 38.</NOTE> the aqueous Tumour vani&s;hing by degrees, without the help of other external things.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Let the Chirurgeon be cautious in making Section, becau&s;e of bad Symptoms, that &s;upervene, e&s;pecially let him not go about this operation, till the body be well prepared. But if he know, that there is any intemperature or fault in the Kidney, let him either ab&s;tain from the operation, or let him cut the <HI>Scrotum</HI> onely in the lower part, that the &s;erous humour may run out. Yet let the pa&s;&s;age be no way &s;topt (as it is, when a Te&s;ticle is cut out) le&s;t the &s;erous humour, which cannot be drawn by the Kidneys, be retained in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> but if need be, may run that way. I &s;aw at <HI>Byzantium</HI> a Man three&s;core years old, who&s;e <HI>Scrotum</HI> every year was perforated in the lower part for a <HI>Hydrocele,</HI> and the &s;erous humour was evacuated, then the Ulcer was cicatrized, and he lived to a great Age. But if the Kidney be not in fault, and you would &s;top the defluxion, it is convenient to make the in|ci&s;ion in the upper part of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> near the Groin: for the Chirurgeon has a two-fold &s;cope, 1. To evacuate the &s;erous humour. 2. To hinder it from coming afre&s;h into the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> But becau&s;e u&s;ually the water falls from the Body upon the <HI>Tu|nica erythroidea,</HI> and extends it, inci&s;ion mu&s;t of ne|ce&s;&s;ity be made in the upper part of the <HI>Scrotum;</HI> for &s;o the dilated Coats are corrugated, and the Cicatrice hinders the water from falling ea&s;ily up|on the <HI>Scrotum.</HI> And that the operation may the better be performed, the Patient mu&s;t not be bound to a form, nor lye on his back, but ought to &s;it in a chair, that the water may the better de&s;cend, and the coats in the Groin may more ea&s;ily be &s;eparated and taken hold of with a Needle. Be&s;ides, let the Chirurgeon diligently examine all the &s;igns con|cerning Ruptures, laid down by <HI>Cel&s;us, Paulus</HI> and others, and let him diligently examine the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e, before he put his hand to the work, le&s;t he make the di&s;ea&s;e wor&s;e. Be&s;ides, let him &s;ee, that the Body be not full of ill humours, nor any great fault in the Kidneys. But whenever the Chirurgeon knows that with the water there is fle&s;h grown round about the Te&s;ticle, it is be&s;t to cut the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> to &s;eparate the Te&s;ticle, and what|ver is grown about it, and to cut it off, if it may, by the root. For if the &s;chirrhous matter have &s;eized the proce&s;s, or <HI>Didymus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 66, <HI>&amp;</HI> 67.</NOTE> and &s;tick to the <HI>Ab|domen,</HI> inci&s;ion will be tried in vain, the Chirurge|on will be di&s;graced, and the Patient dye before his time.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. The cure of an <HI>Hydrocele,</HI> by &s;imple pun|cture, is ea&s;ie: but it always returns, unle&s;s the a|bundance of the redundant water be &s;pent by a dry diet, as is ob&s;erved by &s;ome. The mo&s;t skilfull Chirurgeons, that they may remove all fear of a relap&s;e, when the puncture is made, they put in a Wax Candle for a Tent, and with it gently velli|cating the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> they cau&s;e &s;ome inflammation in the upper part of it, after who&s;e &s;uppuration the proce&s;s is more united and contracted, nor does &s;o ea&s;ily as before receive the humours into it. Some, in&s;tead of a Candle, put in a Leaden pipe: but I have &s;een unhappy in&s;tances of it: for, by pricking too &s;harply, it cau&s;ed greater inflammations, whereby (to &s;ay nothing of a Sym|ptomatick Fever, which, contrary to the expectati|on of both, carries off the Patient) there is a greater conflux of humours to that part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Henricus &agrave; Moinichen, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 18.</NOTE> &s;o that the whole Te&s;ticle being forced to imbibe it, has la|boured of a <HI>Sarcocele.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. If the <HI>Scrotum</HI> be very much &s;welled, we mu&s;t come to <HI>Paracente&s;is,</HI> or pricking, yet &s;o, as that immediately after the Water is got out, a cicatrice may be made,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvaticus. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;,</HI> 17.</NOTE> Nor mu&s;t the hole be kept open with a Pipe or Tent of Lint; for thence there would be danger of a Gangrene.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. A Noble youth, being ill of a <HI>Hydrocele,</HI> had divers Medicines pre&s;cribed him for four years. His Parents de&s;ired of me, that I would try to cure him any way, without the lo&s;s of his Te&s;ticle. I con&s;ented, and hoped that within three weeks I might perform the cure: for nothing appeared out|wardly but Water, without any hardne&s;s, &s;o that I thought there was onely Water. But after I had prepared and purged his body, when I had per|forated the <HI>Scrotum</HI> without pain, with my Cau&s;tick, and the third day after had &s;eparated the E&s;char, be&s;ides the Water I found a certain fle&s;hy hard &s;ub|&s;tance, about the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els: After Exci&s;i|on therefore of the E&s;char, when &s;ome of the &s;erous humour had run out, a great pain, but mo|mentany, ari&s;es &s;uddenly in the bottom of his Bel|ly, e&s;pecially about the right Groin, the part affect|ed: The night following the <HI>Scrotum</HI> &s;welled a lit|tle, and there was a very hard Swelling more plainly found in the upper part of the Sheath, round about the Spermatick Ve&s;&s;els. Then the
<PB N="290" REF="151"> violent and exceeding dangerous Symptoms, which I have &s;ometimes known proceed from &s;uch open|ings, came into my mind. The &s;ame thing happen|ed to <HI>Griffonius,</HI> a mo&s;t excellent Medico-Chirurgeon, who, when he had opened the <HI>Scrotum</HI> of a Savoy|ard, be&s;ides a <HI>Hydrocele,</HI> there was al&s;o found fle&s;hy-matter growing to the&s;e ve&s;&s;els, which turned into a Malignant Cancer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 65.</NOTE> whereto he applied Medi|cines, the Knife and Fire, to no purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Sometimes a <HI>Pneumatocele,</HI> or Wind-rupture is cau&s;ed in the four Ve&s;&s;els, which nouri&s;h the Te&s;ticles, or in the intercurrent Arteries of the <HI>Dar|tos;</HI> The former tumour is harder, and gives not way to the finger, when touched, and admits of a cure: This latter goes in again and vani&s;hes, if pre&s;&s;ed with the finger,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Geiger. <HI>Che|legr. cap.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and is &s;carce curable, becau&s;e of the danger of ince&s;&s;ant bleeding. &para; Wind may al&s;o be taken away by Chirurgery or Section. Yet that which comes from the Arteries, we reject as de&s;perate. The other before-mentioned we cure like varicous ruptures.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> <HI>See Sect. XXX.</HI></P>
<P N="25">XXV. <HI>Aquapendent</HI> goes a &s;afe way to work, <HI>Pen|tateuch. Chir. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 29. if an aqueous rupture be joined with a carnous. But if there be no Water, you mu&s;t let alone the operation, becau&s;e whether you cut or no, the ca&s;e is dangerous, and perfora|tion onely may cau&s;e a Gangrene.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvaticus, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 74.</NOTE> <HI>You may &s;ee before what</HI> Hildanus <HI>&s;ays.</HI></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The Noble <HI>N.</HI> complained of a great <HI>Sar+cocele</HI> of his left Te&s;ticle, which, univer&s;als premi|&s;ed, and a good cour&s;e of Diet, I in&s;en&s;ibly di&s;&s;ol|ved, with the following Pla&s;ter and Powder of Re&s;t-harrow, which <HI>Matthiolus, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 18. commends; Take of Gum Ammoniack, <HI>Galbanum, Bdellium,</HI> di&s;&s;ol|ved in Vinegar, each half an ounce; add of Ducks-grea&s;e melted and &s;trained half an ounce, yellow wax two ounces, Oil of White Lilies, the Marrow of a Beef marrow-bone, each 10 drachms. Make a Pla&s;ter. Spread it on a Linen-cloth, apply it to the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and renew it every fourth day. He took a drachm of the Powder of Re&s;t-harrow in a draught of Wormwood-wine every morning. He had an I&s;&s;ue made in his Thigh, four inches above his Knee, and continued the u&s;e of the fore&s;aid Medicines, &s;o that in four Months time he was perfectly well. Se|veral others have,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> by degrees, recovered, with the u&s;e of this Powder alone.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Impure bloud is not the cau&s;e of a car|nous Rupture, &s;ince even the be&s;t may produce it: Nor &s;imply abundant, &s;ince it &s;hews it &s;elf even in lean bodies; although in the&s;e it never arrives at that bigne&s;s which it does in others. But indeed, I be|lieve, the true cau&s;e of the Rupture con&s;i&s;ts in this, when the Membranes, which u&s;e to &s;hut the mouths of the Capillary ve&s;&s;els, and hinder the nutritious bloud running too &s;uddenly into the part, are either ero|ded, broken, or dilated, whereby it then comes to pa&s;s, that more bloud runs into the part, than is re|quired for its nutrition. Nature, in the mean time, turns the bloud, which would otherwi&s;e putrefie, into fle&s;h. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved al&s;o, that this fle&s;h grows &s;ometimes to the &s;econd of the common coats of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and not to the Te&s;ticles, in which it may be taken out without hurting or exci&s;ion of them. In the beginning, when the little membranes of the ve&s;&s;els, being eroded, broken or dilated, do permit too great plenty of bloud to pa&s;s, we doe much with the u&s;e of repellent and a&s;tringent things: But if it begin to grow big, the&s;e reme|dies &s;uffice not to root out the evil; yet it mu&s;t be attempted by the means following. Make a little hole in the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> rather in the upper than in the lower part, through it, by help of a rag, apply &s;up|purating Medicines, that by this means, if it be po&s;&s;ible, that fle&s;h may be taken away: But every vi&s;it all the <HI>Pus</HI> mu&s;t not be let out, that the relicks of the fle&s;h may &s;o much the better be con&s;umed. But if the&s;e things &s;ucceed not; The Te&s;ticle mu&s;t be taken out with the Rupture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Yet the cau&s;e ought to be &s;earched di|ligently before the Chirurgeon &s;et him&s;elf to the operation: for &s;ometimes the <HI>Para&s;tatae</HI> are &s;o &s;wel|led, e&s;pecially when the Te&s;ticles are &s;cirrhous, that they might ea&s;ily deceive you with the &s;hew of a carnous rupture. 2. The Spermatick ve&s;&s;els being kept in the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> do often, by a <HI>lu&s;us naturae,</HI> ex|ceed the Stones them&s;elves in bigne&s;s; and cau&s;e no other inconvenience but fear, which I have found true in more than one.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve in a Ligature, which is made, when the Te&s;ticle mu&s;t be taken away toge|ther with the Rupture, that it mu&s;t be made as near as may be to the Tumour: for the higher the proce&s;s of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> is perforated, &s;o much the thicker it is ob&s;erved to be; which thing will hinder &s;uppuration,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the falling off of the thread.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. A Varicous Rupture is ea&s;ily known, be|cau&s;e a multitude of Veins and Arteries appears on the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> involving the whole <HI>Scro|tum</HI> with their va&s;t exten&s;ion, as a Vine twi&s;ts round a Tree. The cure of it, as al&s;o of a carnous one, <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, is the cure of hard Impo&s;thumes; and oftentimes indeed anointing with a&s;&s;waging Fats and Marrows is &s;ufficient in a varicous Rupture. But if tho&s;e things, which are good for a varicous Rupture, will doe no good, we mu&s;t proceed to Chi|rurgery, and the cure mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on, either by inci&s;ion, or a potential Cau&s;tick. Inci&s;ion is per|formed in this manner; When the Patient is fixt in a proper po&s;ture; handling the <HI>Scrotum</HI> we drive down the Nerve, whereby the Te&s;ticle hangs, into the lower part; which indeed may ea&s;ily be di&s;tin|gui&s;hed, becau&s;e it being firm and &s;trong, feels &s;maller and more &s;olid, and renitent than the veins, and if it be pre&s;t, cau&s;es greater pain; and be&s;ides, it lies near the virile member, which being de|pre&s;&s;ed, we take hold of them with our own and our a&s;&s;i&s;tants fingers, and draw them this way and that, and violently extend them; then we cut the skin, over again&s;t the Veins, drawing the Knife gently and obliquely; then with hooks fixt in we cut the parts underneath, and &s;eparate them from the Skin, and when the Veins are bare, we run a Needle with a double thread underneath them, and then we tie them with the thread, cutting a <HI>Sinus</HI> in two places, where the varication begins, and where it ends, yet having fir&s;t made inci&s;ion lengthway, and let out the bloud; afterwards we cure it with things that breed <HI>Pus,</HI> till the thread and the veins al&s;o fall off. So <HI>Leonides</HI> advi&s;es us to doe, when &s;ome of the ve&s;&s;els which feed the Te|&s;ticle are varicous: for if all of them be &s;o, the Te&s;ticle mu&s;t be taken together with them, le&s;t, when it wants nouri&s;hment, it &s;hould corrupt. This Rupture al&s;o may be cured with a potential Cautery, unle&s;s the Varication be too great. If therefore it be more in the ambient Veins of the Te&s;ticle, than in the <HI>Scrotum</HI> (for then an exce&s;&s;ive haemorrhagy might be feared from the corro&s;ion of tho&s;e large Veins) the Cautery mu&s;t be applied in greater plenty, that it may not onely burn and wa&s;te the&s;e Veins, but the Te&s;ticle al&s;o: for &s;o the cru&s;t will be &s;tronger and thicker,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Geiger. <HI>Che|legr. c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> which will hinder any exce&s;&s;ive haemorrhage.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Becau&s;e it may be feared, a Vein may grow varicous in the <HI>Scrotum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> therefore the <HI>Scrotum</HI> mu&s;t be anointed with <HI>Oleum Saturni.</HI></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Since the matter of a varicous Rupture is melancholick Bloud, poured from the upper parts upon the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> either by critical tran&s;|mutation of the melancholick matter, or the termination of &s;ome Sickne&s;s: Or it is cau&s;ed by a Spleen, weak in drawing melancholick dregs from the Liver; or the Liver not expelling the melan|cholick Bloud as it ought; be&s;ides external cau&s;es, which multiply melancholick Bloud. That it may be rightly cured, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from &s;uch cau|&s;es,
<PB N="291" REF="151"> then, when the common excrements are di&s;|charged, Bloud mu&s;t be let out of &s;ome lienary Vein, for u&s;ually &s;uch ruptured per&s;ons have an ob|&s;truction in their Spleen, and find a pain in their left <HI>hypochondrium;</HI> then we mu&s;t u&s;e Decoctions, to pu|rifie the Bloud, and remove ob&s;tructions of the Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Geiger. <HI>Che|legr. c.</HI> 14.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is admirable for a Rupture of the Guts, which we have tried, and &s;o cured, that others have admired. Let Paper lye three days in Water, till it have &s;oaked up the moi&s;ture, like a Sponge: Make a Ball of it, and when the Gut is put up, ap|ply it to the Groin, bind it on with &s;ome conveni|ent Ligature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> and do not remove it for three days.</P>
<P N="2">2. When, becau&s;e of the Swelling, the Guts can|not be put up again; Boil &s;ome Oats in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water, then add half a pound of fre&s;h Butter: boil it again. Then let the boiled Oats be put in two Bags, and by turns let one of the Bags be put into the Water, and &s;o foment the part, and put up the &s;lipt Guts gently with the Bag. This Remedy has been found very beneficial.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Loy&s;e Bour|gois.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. This is admirable good in all Ruptures; Take of root of white Carline Thi&s;tle, Dove's-foot dry|ed; boil the&s;e two in red &s;typtick Wine, give a draught of the Wine &s;ometimes in the morning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brendelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. A Pla&s;ter of Hare's-down burnt, with Pow|der of Comfrey, mixt with Oil of unripe Ro&s;es and Pitch,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> is excellent.</P>
<P N="5">5. In the month of <HI>May</HI> there are Bladders found upon Elm-leaves full of Water, which is peculiar|ly good for Wounds and Ruptures. The round things, which hang upon Oak-leaves gathered in the month of <HI>May,</HI> and expo&s;ed to the Sun in a Gla&s;s, do di&s;&s;olve of them&s;elves into Water, which anoin|ted on the Rupture,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crollius.</NOTE> is good.</P>
<P N="6">6. Ruptures are cured with the depurated Juice of Rupture-wort, which is mixed with Bean-flower, and applied to the part for 15 days, the Patient keeping his Bed all the time. &para; Spirit of com|mon Salt and Sal Gemm, if 3 or 4 drops of it be ta|ken in the morning, with Flix-wood or Comfrey-water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE> is a great Secret for curing a Rupture.</P>
<P N="7">7. I have had great experience and much &s;ucce&s;s of this; After the Gut is put up, let the Patient for 20 days take of prepared Steel 1 &s;cruple, mixt with 2 &s;cruples of Sugar, and drink a little Malm&s;ey-Wine upon it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fallopius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. A Man of fifty had a Rupture, which grew as big as one's Head, and hard, which could be &s;oftned by no Fomentations, nor put up. I gave him a draught of Wine ju&s;t boiled up once, with &s;ome Ani&s;e, Caroway and Fenil-&s;eeds brui&s;ed, and the Hardne&s;s immediately was &s;oftned, and the Rupture was put up.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. Let a Load-&s;tone powdered be given in Pot|tage, then let the Groin, through which the Gut &s;lips, be anointed with Honey, and fine filings of Steel &s;trewed upon it, this Remedy mu&s;t be u&s;ed for &s;everal days, and the part affected mu&s;t be care|fully kept up with a Tru&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. It is evident from infallible experience, that the Root of Wake-Robin has a &s;ingular Virtue a|gain&s;t Ruptures: About a drachm, or a little le&s;s, given in &s;ome convenient liquour, not onely draws back the Procidency, but heals the Rupture of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> if either the Patients lye on their backs in bed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laurenber|gius.</NOTE> or if they u&s;e a Tru&s;s.</P>
<P N="11">11. In a windy Rupture I have often experien|ced this, <HI>Empla&s;trum de Vigo cum Mercurio</HI> and <HI>Empla&s;t. Diachalciteos,</HI> di&s;&s;olved into generous Malm&s;ey-wine, with Oil of Bayes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. Greater Ants, di&s;tilled with Bread, if every day in the morning, carnous Ruptures be anointed therewith;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petraeus.</NOTE> or a little of the Water be taken, doe good.</P>
<P N="13">13. Some commend this as a mo&s;t certain Cure; Take of white Cichory, gathered about St. <HI>James</HI> Tide 3 pugils, Pa&s;que-flower 2 pugils, Seed of Thorow-wax 2 pugils. Make a Powder. The Do&s;e, as much as one can take up with his three fingers in &s;ome fle&s;h broth, at Dinner and Supper, till the Patient recover. 2. Take roots of Elecampane, Sanicle, Comfrey, <HI>Saracen</HI>'s Con&s;ound, each what is &s;ufficient, make a Decoction in Water, to the Con&s;umption of half. In this Decoction hot wet Cloths, and let the place affected be often fomen|ted and afterwards anointed with the following Unguent. Take Oil of Eggs and Tormentill-pow|der. Mix them. Make an Unguent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrophobia, Rabies,</HI> Fear of Water, Biting of a Mad Dog.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein mu&s;t be breathed? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it may be breathed? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t purge? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what we may purge, and with what we may not? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Throwing into the Sea is good. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The bitten part mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be cut off. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Example of a happy cure. <HI>VIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme think Venae&s;ection not at all proper for the Biting of a Mad Dog, becau&s;e it draws the Poi&s;on through the whole Body into the Veins; yet <HI>Avicenna, l.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;en.</HI> 6. <HI>tr.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 9. writes, that bloud mu&s;t be let after the fourth day; and that not one|ly once, but twice, e&s;pecially when a Man has not been bled immediately after the Bite, and when Bloud abounds: Yet &s;ome modern Phy&s;icians, after the Biting of a Mad Dog, to prevent Madne&s;s, are &s;o abhorrent from Bloud-letting, that they main|tain it mu&s;t be avoided, as a thing which by emp|tying the Veins, cau&s;es the Poi&s;on to penetrate deeper: But the&s;e Men &s;eem to think that the Ve|nom of a Mad Dog is not di&s;per&s;ed all over the Body, till the Fear of Water &s;eize a Man. Which, not|with&s;tanding, the grave&s;t Authours do &s;hew, is fal&s;e, <HI>Avicenna</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us, Dio&s;corides</HI> al&s;o, <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 39. when after the fir&s;t days he rejects the Knife and Burning in the bitten place, as u&s;ele&s;s, but orders Sweat before and after Meal, does manife&s;tly &s;hew, that the Poi&s;on is diffu&s;ed all over the body: which he &s;eems to confirm, when he adds Pla&s;ters and Syna|pi&s;ms by turns all over the body: yea, <HI>Avicenna</HI> in the forecited place &s;ays, that it may not onely hap|pen, that the venom may be di&s;per&s;ed after the fourth day, but in le&s;s time. Therefore in this &s;o important a ca&s;e we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h; if we be in the fir&s;t days, when the venom is yet in the Wound, or is contained not far from it, then Bloud-letting mu&s;t by no means be u&s;ed, and the rea&s;ons cla&s;h: For it would draw from the circum|ference to the centre, from the &s;mall Veins to the great, and therefore from the le&s;s noble to the more noble parts, and to the Heart it &s;elf. But if it be already di&s;per&s;ed, then Bloud mu&s;t be let, as <HI>Cel|&s;us</HI> &s;hews: but not in a place near the Bite, becau&s;e then it is not convenient, as <HI>Avicenna,</HI> imitating <HI>Di|o&s;corides,</HI> &s;hews; for then there is no occa&s;ion for or benefit in &s;uch a thing, but from the Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubaeus, <HI>in cap.</HI> 27. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>l.</HI> 5. Cel&s;i.</NOTE> that the Poi&s;on then diffu&s;ed may be drawn out of the grea|ter Veins and the whole Body.</P>
<P N="2">II. Bleeding is by no means convenient in the be|ginning, as it is when the Poi&s;on has di&s;per&s;ed it &s;elf into the humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> &para; In Biting of Animals Ve|nae&s;ection is not convenient, unle&s;s the venom be di&s;per&s;ed all over the body, or there be plenitude.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jac. Pon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE>
<PB N="292" REF="152"> &para; But if an acute Fever happen, Bloud mu&s;t not be let within forty days; but &s;carifying in the lower parts, and opening of Veins in parts mo&s;t remote from the Bite,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sancta crux.</NOTE> mu&s;t be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="3">III. They that deny the taking a Purge, doe it chiefly on this &s;core, becau&s;e the nature of this ve|nom con&s;i&s;ts not in fir&s;t and manife&s;t qualities, but in occult; and is not cured by the alteration of the fir&s;t qualities, nor by Purgatives, but by Alexi|pharmacks, and things that act by their whole &s;ub|&s;tance, becau&s;e Purgatives are enemies to our heat, and therefore &s;eem rather to wa&s;te than pre&s;erve &s;trength. Others, on the contrary, admit of Pur|gatives, who indeed confe&s;s that Purgatives do not directly oppo&s;e and purge out this Malady, but this is done onely by peculiar Alexipharmacks; yet in the mean time they judge that they may doe this mediately, namely, while they carry off the vi|tious humours where the venom re&s;ides, and &s;o they at the &s;ame time evacuate the poi&s;on, e&s;pecially becau&s;e this is a &s;low poi&s;on, and tarries long in the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Rha&s;es, tr.</HI> 8. <HI>ad Alman&s;.</HI> judges we mu&s;t purge Melancholy in the beginning: but others both <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Arabians</HI> forbid it in the beginning, that is, when the venom does yet re&s;ide in the exter|nal parts. But here we mu&s;t con&s;ider, how this poi&s;on gets into the body; for if the poi&s;on be drawn into the body with the Lips and Tongue, we may purge at fir&s;t, becau&s;e we have no other way to get out the poi&s;on; but if the poi&s;on be commu|nicated by Biting, to the external parts, we may not purge in the beginning. Therefore when <HI>Rha|&s;es</HI> &s;ays we may purge in the beginning, it mu&s;t be under&s;tood of the former ca&s;e; But the <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Arabians,</HI> of the latter, when they forbid the u&s;e of Purgatives in the beginning, le&s;t the venom be car|ried from the wound to the inner parts of the body; but then at length a Purge mu&s;t be given, when all things are done about the wound, as they &s;hould, and although when all things are done right, there may be hopes, that the poi&s;on will be extinct: yet &s;ince it may ea&s;ily happen, that &s;ome portion of it may get to the inner parts; this, be it never &s;o little, corrupts the humours, and changes them into matter, like to it &s;elf. And therefore the&s;e corrupt humours mu&s;t be evacuated, that the ve|nom may be evacuated al&s;o, and that other hu|mours may not be infected by the venom and cor|rupt humours, Alexipharmacks in the mean time not being neglected. All the Ancients commend white Hellebore for purging, and things which re|&s;pect the melancholick and black humour. They that fear white Hellebore, may u&s;e black; or A|garick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> to which an Alexiterick virtue is a&s;cribed.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some proceed to the u&s;e of Antimony, as by agitation and violent commotion of the humours it is able to carry off the poi&s;onous humours from within. Indeed &s;ome preparation of the humours premi&s;ed for five or &s;ix days, a &s;trong Purge may be given. So <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> writes, that one near to a <HI>Hy|drophobia</HI> recovered by taking Hellebore, and <HI>Ori|ba&s;iuc</HI> gave a Purge every day of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> to the quantity of a Bean. We may give <HI>Electuar. Diaphoe|nic.</HI> with <HI>Confectio Hamech</HI> or Extract of Hellebore to half a drachm, mixt with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia:</HI> Which chola|gogue Medicines are proper, becau&s;e the Canine venom contains adu&s;tion, e&s;pecially if the Com|plexion be hot and dry, or the Habit of the body Lean or Cacochymick. After all which Purges, neverthele&s;s, &s;tore of clarified Whey mu&s;t be drunk, and they mu&s;t often be repeated. Nor mu&s;t <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> be heard by any means, who, contrary to the com|mon opinion both of the <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Arabians,</HI> advi&s;es the giving of &s;trong Purges not onely in the pro|gre&s;s but at the beginning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> &para; I &s;aw a young Man lately bitten with a Mad Dog, who was killed by taking an Infu&s;ion of Antimony the &s;ame day, al|though the violence of the Poi&s;on had not as then cau&s;ed a <HI>Delirium;</HI> for he warned all about him from coming near him, becau&s;e of his inclination to bite.</P>
<P N="6">VI. From the venomous biting of a Mad Dog fear of the Water ari&s;es, in which they are killed with thir&s;t, and yet they do not drink, of which mi&s;ery the onely Remedy is (according to <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 27.) to throw them into a Pond unawares, e&s;pecially if they go that way before they fear the Water, otherwi&s;e, according to the &s;ame Authour, there is but &s;mall hope, and it is according to Expe|rience al&s;o, the true&s;t Mi&s;tre&s;s. This &s;ort of Re|medy is of &s;uch value among our country People, that being content with it alone, they &s;carce de&s;ire any other, nor without good rea&s;on, &s;ince the Sea cures all: Nor have I as yet &s;een one (though I have &s;een many) who, if he were timely thrown into the Sea, ever found any harm afterwards. But if this Remedy were either &s;lighted or feared or u&s;ed late, many have paid for their negligence.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>ob&s;. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 20.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Some, if the nature of the part will bear it, think the part mu&s;t immediately be cut off, after the example of them that being bit by an A&s;p or Viper, have cut off their Fingers, and have e|&s;caped. But this &s;eems not &s;o nece&s;&s;ary, &s;eeing the venom of a Mad Dog is not of &s;uch &s;peedy activity, as the poi&s;on of an A&s;p or Viper, and may well e|nough be evacuated otherways.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. At <HI>Venice</HI> I &s;aw a Mother and her Son bit by a hou&s;e dog at one and the &s;ame time in Summer. He bit the Son's thumb and forefinger of his Right|hand, and the Mother's Arm, a little above her Wri&s;t, and I found &s;igns of Madne&s;s in the Dog, he was leaner than ordinary, his eyes red, his tail hanging, foaming at the mouth, his tongue han|ging out, tinged as it were with yellow bile, run|ning up and down di&s;orderly, and then &s;topping on a &s;udden, he would neither eat nor drink, though his panting &s;hewed his great thir&s;t. Thus being &s;ure of the Madne&s;s of the Dog, I went to cure my Pa|tients; 1. By intercepting, recalling and extrac|ting the venom. 2. By hindring the venom from creeping to the inner parts, and from diffu&s;ing it &s;elf through the whole body. 3. By oppo&s;ing the quality of the poi&s;on with Alexipharmacks. Imme|diately therefore Deligation was made above the part affected, an A&s;tringent being applied under|neath made of a binding Powder, white of an Egg and Ro&s;e-water, which we applied to the Boy while we were curing the Mother. Then I orde|red the lips of the wound to be &s;carified round a|bout, and then a great Cupping-gla&s;s to be applied with much flame. Then, the Wound being fir&s;t wa&s;hed with all Wine warm, becau&s;e water is ve|ry hurtfull, I ordered a Pla&s;ter to be applied of Onions and Garlick brui&s;ed, adding &s;ome Wall|nut, Rue, Leven, Salt and Honey. In the mean time I ordered the Dog to be killed, the Liver to be taken out and wa&s;hed with Wine, and the Me|dicine de&s;cribed by <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. K. T. <HI>cap.</HI> 5. to be made, and of all them that u&s;ed this, he never &s;aw one dye; Take of Pitch 1 pound, &s;harpe&s;t Vinegar 8 ounces, <HI>Opoponax</HI> 3 ounces. Mix them according to Art: to this I ordered to be added half an ounce of the Powder of the &s;aid Liver, which by a &s;pecifick property draws out the Canine poi&s;on. But to the Boy, who had a wound in his Thumb and Finger, becau&s;e he would not endure Cupping, Scarifying or Burning, I ordered &s;everal Leeches about the Wounds, and then applied the &s;ame Pla&s;ter that his Mother had. I pre&s;cribed both of them a De|coction of <HI>Aly&s;&s;on</HI> or Madwort and Gentian in di&s;til|led <HI>Carduus</HI>-water, adding half an ounce of Cinna|mon-water, having fir&s;t given a <HI>Bolus</HI> of Treacle to the Mother, and of Mithridate to the Son, refor|med with the Powder of <HI>Terra-&s;igillata vera.</HI> I orde|red their Pul&s;es in their Temples, Arms and Legs to be anointed every three or four hours with <HI>Oleum M. Ducis Hetruriae,</HI> and <HI>de Scorpion. Matthiol.</HI> mixt together.
<PB N="293" REF="152"> I did not forbid them Wine, but I forbad them Sleep, till night. The next day I found the Mo|ther had done all that I ordered her, and the Son nothing, &s;o that the little wounds were almo&s;t hea|led up, and &s;eemed to be &s;lighted: neverthele&s;s, I applied <HI>Galen</HI>'s Medicine to them both, and orde|red them the &s;ame internal things again. In the mean time for the third Intention, letting alone dubious things, I had recour&s;e to true Alexipharmacks; the Powder of River-Crabs, which are brought from <HI>Arno</HI> a River of <HI>Florence</HI> hither; Take of Pow|der of River-Crabs 10 drachms, Gentian 10 drachms, Frankincen&s;e 1 drachm. Mix them. The Do&s;e, a great &s;poonfull to two. I would have them pre|pared for the whole year; And the Crabs mu&s;t ne|ver be burnt before the ri&s;e of the Dog-&s;tar, but when the Sun is in <HI>Leo,</HI> and the Moon 18 days old, in a Platter of red bra&s;s, which <HI>Galen</HI> gave for 40 days. They took the&s;e things for 7 days; after this they began to take the Powder of Crabs in <HI>Scorzonera</HI> and <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> water; and in the mean time the Chirurgeon treated the Wounds like others; yet he hindred healing of them, and kept them wide open above 40 days. But as the Mother was ob&s;ervant in all things, (who took Powder of Crabs 40 days, kept the Wound open 50, applying in the mean time brui&s;ed Wallnuts frequently to the Wound, which at the fir&s;t day being given to Hens, killed two, after the &s;eventh they were harmle&s;s, and had no &s;ign of poi&s;on in them) &s;o the Son was delinquent in all, whom his Mother ob&s;erved to be thir&s;ty in the fir&s;t days, and to drink beyond his cu&s;tome and out of rea&s;on, who notwith&s;tanding about the twentieth day be|gan to ab&s;tain from drink, and to be pen&s;ive and &s;i|lent, he began to talk &s;trange things, to loath his Meat, to have the Hickup, and at length, having had &s;ome convul&s;ive motions, on the twenty &s;eventh he died;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> but his Mother recovered.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The Rennet of a Whelp is extolled by <HI>Aetius</HI> in an <HI>Hydrophobia.</HI> For if it be but once taken in Vi|negar, he &s;ays, they pre&s;ently de&s;ire Water. In this Di&s;ea&s;e nothing is more whole&s;ome than to drink Water, which cea&s;ing, Death is at hand. &para; The onely Remedy again&s;t the Bite of a Mad Dog is root of wild Ro&s;e-tree.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. This Electuary of <HI>Palmarius</HI> is highly commen|ded by the Moderns; Take of leaves of Rue, Ver|vain, Sage, Plantain, Mint, Polypody, Wormwood, Mugwort, Balm, Betony, le&s;&s;er Centaury, S. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, each equal parts. Mix them. Make a Pow|der. The Do&s;e 1 drachm and an half in broth every day in the morning before Meat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bla&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. In this Di&s;ea&s;e we may al&s;o u&s;e the Liver of the Mad Dog, which is more approved when applied, than given inwardly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hilde&s;heim.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. One &s;ays, that Burnet taken for &s;everal days in the morning certainly cures an <HI>Hydrophobia.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Maroldus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Dio&s;coridis Aly&s;&s;um,</HI> or Mad-wort is highly com|mended by all Men, as is al&s;o a Decoction, and A|&s;hes of River-Crabs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> mixt with good &s;tore of Dill.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrops Pectoris,</HI> or, A Drop&s;ie of the Brea&s;t.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be cautious how we purge. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of <HI>Calomelanos. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured with Sudorificks. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Tapping be good? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure, by boring a hole in the Rib. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Diureticks. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Example of an happy Cure. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THIS mu&s;t be carefully ob&s;erved, that when the Di&s;ea&s;e is confirmed, and great &s;tore of &s;erous humour is gathered in the Brea&s;t, if a vi|olent Purge be given, the&s;e humours are much di&s;|turbed, whence a great Suffocation comes upon the Patient, which quickly carries him off. There|fore we mu&s;t act cautiou&s;ly, and Medicines mu&s;t be given by repeated turns, and they mu&s;t be mixt with &s;trong Aperients and Diureticks, that the pa&s;|&s;ages may al&s;o be opened, and part of the ferous matter carried to the ways of Urine. Among Hy|drogogues, tho&s;e that are made of Minerals are mo&s;t proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch as <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> and <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> &s;o corrected, as to evacuate one|ly by the lower parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rivetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. A Man of fifty had been ill of a great difficul|ty of Breathing for three months, nor was he re|lieved by Medicines. I reckoned he was ill of a Drop&s;ie in his Brea&s;t, becau&s;e there was no Cough nor Ratling, no vi&s;cid and thick Spittle, as in a true <HI>A&s;thma:</HI> his Legs al&s;o were oedematous, and his Bel|ly began to &s;well: He had not lain down in Bed for two months, but &s;ate panting and choaking in his Chair, and was ready to draw his la&s;t. Becau&s;e I de&s;paired of his Recovery, I was unwilling to pre&s;cribe him Medicines, but being prevailed on by importunity, the next day I give him a <HI>Bolus</HI> of <HI>Calomelanos</HI> 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Diagridium</HI> half a &s;cruple, with Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es. It purged him &s;even times, and he voided abundance of &s;erous matter, upon which he found much ea&s;e that day, and breathed more freely. After two days the &s;ame Medicine was repeated, with the like &s;ucce&s;s, and the night following he lay down in Bed, without any oppre&s;|&s;ion of his Brea&s;t. When the Swelling of his Belly was abated, one might handle his <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> and I found his Spleen big and &s;cirrhous, therefore I pre&s;cribed him Apozemes with Salt of Tartar and Spirit of Sulphur, and Fomentations and Liniments to be applied to the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> with the fore&s;aid Purge repeated every third day. Which being con|tinued for 15 days, he was brought into a much better condition, &s;o that he thought he was per|fectly cured; but when one month was over, all the Symptomes returned, his Belly &s;welled more, and in two months more he died. Here the great effi|cacy of <HI>Calomelanos</HI> may be ob&s;erved, which was able to doe &s;o much good in a mortal Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Sudorificks are very good to di&s;charge the &s;erous matter, and I &s;aw a Man of three&s;core cu|red by taking a Sudorifick Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and and <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> for 15 days, by cau&s;ing Sweat, with the vapour of Spirit of Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. It &s;eems the &s;afe&s;t way, that the matter &s;hould be evacuated &s;en&s;ibly by opening the Brea&s;t. And it &s;hould be done betimes, according to <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. &s;.</HI> 7. <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>Cut watry gatherings quickly,</HI> le&s;t the Lungs be corrupted by the Water.</P>
<P N="5">V. The ingenious opening of the Brea&s;t mu&s;t not be pa&s;t by, which <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de nat. Mulieb.</HI> pro|pounds, when he orders a Rib to be bored through in the middle: for &s;o the Water may by a Tent be more ea&s;ily kept from running out all at once, than by making Section in the interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles. Where|fore when Water is to be got out, it is be&s;t to boar a Rib; but when <HI>Pus</HI> is gathered in the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martia|nus.</NOTE> it will be be&s;t to cut in the Mu&s;cles.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Evacuation of the <HI>Serum</HI> in the Brea&s;t mu&s;t be attempted by Urine. The Emperour <HI>Maximilian</HI> the Second found great benefit hereby, who, when he had laboured of a Drop&s;ie in his Brea&s;t with a Pal|pitation of his Heart for twenty years, he &s;ome|times made 6 pounds of Water in one day, and when that motion of the matter &s;topt, he died.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE></P>
<P N="7"><PB N="294" REF="153">VII. A healthy, &s;trong young Man, being for|merly accu&s;tomed to immoderate exerci&s;e of Body, at length felt a fulne&s;s, or as it were a puffing up in his Brea&s;t, in &s;o much, that the left &s;ide of his Lungs &s;eemed to be &s;wollen and the Heart &s;eemed to be thru&s;t out of its place, to the right &s;ide: After|wards on a certain day he felt, as if &s;ome Ve&s;&s;el were broken within the cavity of the Brea&s;t, and af|ter that for half an hours time, in that region, not onely he him&s;elf felt &s;omething fall from aloft into the bottom of his Brea&s;t, but it might be heard by the By-&s;tanders. Therefore, &s;ince it was without doubt, that then this Noble per&s;on had a Drop&s;ie in his Brea&s;t, becau&s;e the Lymphae-ducts (a great number of which branch them&s;elves all over the Lungs) which run to their left &s;ide, being bro|ken, dropt out their moi&s;ture into the cavity of the Brea&s;t, after &s;ome Medicines had been tried without any benefit, Tapping his &s;ide was unani|mou&s;ly re&s;olved on. Therefore after provi&s;ion had been made for the whole, the Chirurgeon applied a Cautery between the &s;ixth and &s;eventh <HI>Vertebra,</HI> and the next day, having cut a hole in the cavity of the Brea&s;t, he put in a Pipe, which being done, imme|diately a thick liquour and white like Chyle or Milk ran out: About 6 ounces onely of this were taken away at the fir&s;t time, and the next day as much: The third day, when a little larger quan|tity was let out, he was immediately &s;eized with a great languidne&s;s, and was feveri&s;h and very bad for a day or two after it: Wherefore, till he had recovered his former temper and &s;trength, we thought good to let no more of this matter out: But afterwards, a little evacuation of the &s;ame be|ing made every day, the cavity of the Brea&s;t was almo&s;t all evacuated: And yet he carries a Tap with a Spigot in the hole, which being opened once in 24 hours, a little moi&s;ture &s;till runs out. In the mean time he has a good Stomach, he looks well, and is &s;trong, and goes about his u&s;ual bu&s;ine&s;s. After Tapping I ordered him Cordials, and after|wards a Traumatick Decoction, to be taken twice every day. But there is a nece&s;&s;ity for preventing filth from gathering in the Brea&s;t, that this hole be left con&s;tantly open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> in&s;tead of a Sink.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrops Ana&s;arca,</HI> or, A Drop&s;ie in the Fle&s;h.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In a &s;imple one we may purge violently. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Bloud-letting is good. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening and &s;trengthning things mu&s;t be given between Purges. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;uch Diureticks are proper? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diaphoreticks mu&s;t be given plentifully. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of anointing with Oil of Scorpions. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Baths are proper, and when? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Stove does harm? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we apply I&s;&s;ues and Bli&s;ters. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Acupuncture. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy and Choice of Chalybeates. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN a &s;imple <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> we may purge violently; and it often does abundance of good. And indeed from this Di&s;ea&s;e being &s;ometime cured by Purging, Empericks have good opportunity to brag of their Cures, and &s;ome of their Medicines are indeed highly cried up for curing of Drop&s;ies. For for&s;ooth if they chance ever to cure one or two of an <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> with &s;pecifick Hydragogues or Elate|ricks, they have enough to &s;et out them&s;elves and their skill, although they may kill an hundred A|&s;citicks with the &s;ame Medicine. Wherefore though Preparations of Spurge or <HI>Elaterium,</HI> and other Hy|dragogues have &s;ometimes done good in certain ca|&s;es; yet if they be given indifferently to all Hy|dropicks, or at all to weak Con&s;titutions, and &s;uch as have bad Inwards either in tone or confor|mation, they oftner kill than cure. And the rea|&s;on why Catharticks operate more &s;ucce&s;sfully and effectually in this Di&s;ea&s;e, than in other &s;orts of Drop&s;ies, is, becau&s;e in an <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> the morbid matter (which is the <HI>Lympha</HI>) re&s;ides partly in the ma&s;s of Bloud, partly in the habit of the Body, within the pores and vacuities, among the ends of the ve&s;&s;els: wherefore when a &s;trong Purge is gi|ven, it pre&s;ently exagitates and thins the ma&s;s of Bloud, and &s;tirs it to excretion of any thing &s;uper|fluous; and al&s;o it irritates the mouths of the Ar|teries, opening towards the Guts, &s;o that the hu|mour being rejected by the Bloud, may find a pa&s;|&s;age by the&s;e outlets. Hereby fir&s;t of all the Water fluctuating among the Bloud, is plentifully wa&s;hed away, then the emptied ve&s;&s;els &s;oak up the inter|cutal Water, and they di&s;charge it partly by &s;tool immediately, and partly by urine or &s;weat. In the mean time there is no fear le&s;t, as in a Tympa|ny, becau&s;e the fibres in the Stomach and Guts are too much irritated by the Purge, the&s;e Bowels &s;hould be incited to tetaneous extume&s;cencies. For while the Bowels are firm and well con&s;tituted, the particles of the Medicine doe them no prejudice, but, being thence delivered into the ma&s;s of Bloud, they do not onely draw Water out of it, but by exaigitating its ma&s;s, they rai&s;e the active particles, before overwhelmed, and di&s;po&s;e them towards a fermentative faculty.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. But &s;ometimes it requires Letting of bloud, when it ari&s;es from abundance of cold Bloud. In|deed upon the account of its Coldne&s;s it does not &s;tand in need of Heating, but becau&s;e the abate|ment of its quantity ea&s;es Nature, &s;o as &s;he may the more ea&s;ily conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e: It is not con|trary, but very con&s;entaneous to rea&s;on, to u&s;e Bleeding here. And we mu&s;t evacuate after Blee|ding, which Bleeding mu&s;t be tried before any thing el&s;e, if &s;trength will permit; for if it be low, though there be abundance of Bloud, yet we mu&s;t not let bloud, till &s;trength be repaired.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trallianus, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> &para; It may very well be admini&s;tred, if &s;topping either of the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> or Haemorrhoids have cau&s;ed it, or if there be a bilious Cachexy: Yet Bloud mu&s;t be taken much more &s;paringly than in other Di&s;ea&s;es, becau&s;e of the want of Heat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. We mu&s;t carefully ob&s;erve this, that in an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> as al&s;o in a Drop&s;ie, what days evacua|ters, whether purgative or diuretick, are not given, always on tho&s;e days opening Alteratives, and Strengthners of the innate heat of the Bowels, e&s;pe|cially that the altering and concocting faculty may be &s;trengthned, mu&s;t be given:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Knoblochi|us.</NOTE> for if the&s;e things be neglected, evacuaters will doe little good.</P>
<P N="4">IV. For curing an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> Lixivial Diureticks (as has ever been evident from my ob&s;ervation) do far excell all other Diureticks. For now it is a trite and vulgar Remedy, after Purging to take 6 or 8 ounces of a <HI>Lixivium</HI> made of A&s;hes of Worm|wood or Broom, with White-wine, and to conti|nue the u&s;e of it for &s;everal days. This Medicine, as I have ob&s;erved in &s;everal, provokes Urine plen|tifully, &s;o that the Patients, to a Miracle, reco|ver in a &s;hort time. But why Medicines endued with a fixt and lixivial Salt, do force Urine more than tho&s;e endued with an acid <HI>Alkali,</HI> or a volatile, the rea&s;on, I think, is this, <HI>viz.</HI> in per&s;ons affec|ted with this Di&s;ea&s;e, upon the failing of the fer|mentation and &s;anguifick virtue of the Bloud, wa|try and crude humours gathered both in its ma&s;s, and within the habit of the Body, after they have tarried a while there immoveable, then they (as it is the nature of all watry Juices when they &s;tag|nate a little) grow &s;owre, wherefore the Lixivial
<PB N="295" REF="153"> particles of the Medicine, being poured into the Bloud, do immediately ferment with the acid par|ticles of the Water; and moreover while they ex|agitate and ferment them, they rai&s;e a notable ex|cretive fermentation in the whole ma&s;s of Bloud, &s;o that farther, when all the particles are put in motion, not onely the watry and recrementitious, &s;eparated from the re&s;t, are di&s;charged by the Kid|neys, but al&s;o the innate and active particles of the Bloud it &s;elf, do extricate them&s;elves from the gro&s;&s;er with which they are entangled, and at length recovering, do begin to re&s;ume their fer|mentative virtue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and to &s;anguifie.</P>
<P N="5">V. Diaphoreticks often doe much good, and are u&s;ually more agreeable with this Di&s;ea&s;e confirmed, than in other kinds of Drop&s;ies: And although at the fir&s;t they be not able to cau&s;e Sweat, becau&s;e the habit of the Body &s;wims with a floud of thick humours, however, while they exagitate the Bloud they rouze up its inbred active particles, that were a&s;leep and half drowned before, di&s;po&s;e them to a fermentation, and moreover, put all the recremen|titious and e&s;pecially the watry particles into mo|tion, &s;o that the&s;e running immediately out of their receptacles, go off with ea&s;e and &s;peed. But Hy|droticks mu&s;t be given in a little larger doze; for their quantity is very &s;mall, and their active par|ticles are drowned in the Water, before they can be diffu&s;ed in the Bloud, and can begin to exert their virtues upon the Bloud. Wherefore Spirits, whether Armoniack or of Wine, Tinctures al&s;o and Elixirs; yea, and Powders, are &s;eldom u&s;ed for this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e in a little do&s;e, they doe lit|tle good, and if they be given in a large do&s;e, they by their efferation often hurt the Bowels. But &s;ome &s;uch things mu&s;t rather be made u&s;e of, which taken in a larger do&s;e and hot, may pa&s;s into the Bloud not weakned, &s;uch e&s;pecially are Decoc|tions of Wood and Seeds, who&s;e particles being pretty congruous to the Bloud, and invincible by it, do pa&s;s through its whole ma&s;s, and exert their ela&s;tick virtue by putting all the humours in mo|tion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Among external Admini&s;trations, whereby the Water gathered within the habit of the Body is &s;tirred, Oil of Scorpions (&s;o it be genuine) ap|plied by it &s;elf or added to Liniments (made of Sulphur and divers kinds of Salts, and of Quick|lime and other Minerals, which being powdered and mixt with the mucilaginous extracts of &s;harp Herbs may be reduced to the form of an Unguent) does oftentimes much good. I knew a Boy, who was much &s;welled with an univer&s;al <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and was cured by this onely Medicine: for his Mother (I know not by who&s;e Advice) did anoint all his Body morning and evening with Oil of Scorpions, rubbing all the parts with her hot Hand very hard. Upon doing of which, within three days he began to make a great deal of Water, and when he had continued for &s;ome days &s;o to make Water, the Swelling fell by degrees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and he recovered.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Baths are &s;carce proper for any Drop&s;ie but an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and not for this neither, unle&s;s in the inclination to it, or decrea&s;e of it: Becau&s;e, when the Bloud is heated and incited by the ambient heat of the Bath, and moves the Waters &s;tagnating every where, and drinking them up into it &s;elf tran&s;ports them by divers ways, there is danger le&s;t (as it often happens) it receiving them out of the habit of the Body into its ma&s;s, &s;hould pre&s;ently di&s;charge them into the Brain or <HI>Praecordia:</HI> for no|thing is more u&s;ual than for Di&s;ea&s;es of tho&s;e parts, to wit, an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> or Apoplexy, to &s;eize Hydropicks after bathing. Notwith&s;tanding, when the conjunct cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, that is, the intume&s;cence, is either moderate or not great, a Bath of Water im|pregnated with Salts and Sulphur, or al&s;o a Stove, whereby gentle Sweat may be provoked, is often u&s;ed With &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Stoves, by heating, thinning and colliqua|ting the &s;ubcutaneous humours, by opening the pa&s;&s;ages, and drawing out Sweat, doe good. Not|with&s;tanding we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them, if immo|derate evacuation of Bloud have given occa&s;ion to this Di&s;ea&s;e; for they heat and &s;tir the Bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">rid, Med. Pract.</NOTE> and draw out of the Veins.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In an <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> I&s;&s;ues in the Legs are commen|ded, but in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e; other|wi&s;e, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be old, Fluxions and Gan|grenes are ea&s;ily cau&s;ed. You may reckon the &s;ame of Bli&s;ters and Inci&s;ions, one of which will be e|nough for one Leg,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphaniu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Ferdinan|dus.</NOTE> which mu&s;t be kept lifted up a little; for by little and little the Water runs out without any danger. &para; Ve&s;icatories let out the intercutal water plentifully, and &s;ometimes too much, becau&s;e &s;uch an Epi&s;pa&s;tick applied to &s;wel|led places makes too wide an out-let, which being opened, the Water that comes fir&s;t out, often draws a floud out of the parts adjoining, upon which a great &s;inking of the Spirits follows. More|over, the place &s;uddenly &s;o opened, becau&s;e it is deprived of the Heat and Spirits, quickly gan|grenes. Wherefore this Medicine is &s;eldom appli|ed to the Legs or Feet of hydropick per&s;ons, when the Heat is weak, and the Swelling big, but &s;ome|times it is &s;afely applied to the Thighs and Arms. E&s;charoticks are u&s;ed with a little more &s;afety than Ve&s;icatories to the &s;welled places, becau&s;e at this emi&s;&s;ary the flux of the water is not &s;o heady and copious at the fir&s;t, but it begins moderately and proceeds by degrees to a great Current, which Nature (after &s;he has been gradually u&s;ed to it) bears the better. Moreover there is le&s;s fear of a Gangrene from an E&s;charotick than from a Ve&s;ica|tory, becau&s;e in that application, the part, who&s;e continuity is di&s;&s;olved, is guarded again&s;t the di&s;&s;o|lution of the Heat by an E&s;char.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. There remains yet another (not inferiour to, though le&s;s u&s;ual than the other) way of getting out intercutal Water by Acupuncture, which al&s;o mu&s;t be very cautiou&s;ly and gradually celebrated, le&s;t a ha&s;ty and exce&s;&s;ive flux of Water be rai&s;ed. Take an ordinary Needle (&s;uch as Tailers u&s;e) and prick the Skin with it in the mo&s;t oedematous place, &s;o as the Bloud may not come, and make at one time 6 or 7 little holes about an inch one from another, the Water will bur&s;t out drop by drop out of eve|ry &s;uch little hole, and &s;o will drop out continual|ly, till the Swelling round the prickt places do va|ni&s;h: Then the next time, about 12 hours after, let 18 or 24 other &s;uch punctures be made in &s;ome other part either of the &s;ame or the other Leg, and &s;o let &s;uch emi&s;&s;aries of the intercutal Water be made in this or that, one Limb or two, or more together, once or twice a-day: for by this means the hydropick matter may be di&s;charged more plentifully and &s;afely, than by any other outward admini&s;tration: A new product whereof in the mean time if it be prevented by internal Pharma|cy, the Di&s;ea&s;e will ea&s;ily be cured. Moreover, in a deplorable Drop&s;ie, Life is the be&s;t prolon|ged by that admini&s;tration, ina&s;much, that is, as, the Water being continually di&s;charged by the&s;e external emi&s;&s;aries, the internal vital inundation is longer kept off.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Chalybeates doe often in this Di&s;ea&s;e, as well as in the Green-&s;ickne&s;s, a great deal of good, &s;o that often the whole or chief &s;cope of Cure de|pends on this &s;ort of Medicine: Yet we mu&s;t take notice that all &s;uch Medicines are not a-like proper in the&s;e ca&s;es; for tho&s;e that are mo&s;t u&s;ed, that is, <HI>Sal Chalybis</HI> or <HI>Vitriolam Martis,</HI> and other things pre|pared with acids, and wholly de&s;poiled of their Sulphur, doe no good, becau&s;e they do not pro|mote the ferment of the Bloud, but rather on the contrary, when it is too fierce and ela&s;tick, they fix it; Yet Chalybeates of this Nature may be u|&s;ed for an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and any oedematous Cachexy
<PB N="296" REF="154"> in the habit of the Body, in which the &s;ulphureous particles are left, and are prevalent, as e&s;pecially filings and &s;calings of Steel reduced to Powder, al|&s;o Steel melted with Sulphur and powdered. The&s;e Powders being taken, are pre&s;ently di&s;&s;olved by the acid Salts within our Body, whereby the &s;ul|phureous, metallick particles being &s;et loo&s;e, and carried into the Bloud, do ferment its whole ma&s;s, and rai&s;e the homogeneal particles therein, which before were a&s;leep, and joining with them, do in|vigorate the Bloud, and renew its fermentative or &s;anguifick virtue, before depre&s;&s;ed. Wherefore we may ob&s;erve, that upon u&s;ing the&s;e Chalybeates but a little time, the green colour of the Face is turned into a florid countenance.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrops A&s;cites,</HI> or, A Drop&s;ie in the Belly.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It may come without any fault in the Liver. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is often cau&s;ed by heating things, and mu&s;t be cured with coo|ling ones. <HI>II, III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Letting of Bloud may be proper. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits when proper. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Serum</HI> diffu&s;ed without the Veins mu&s;t be got out with &s;trong Purging. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strengthners mu&s;t be mixt with &s;trong Purgatives. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be conquered by Mercurial Medicines. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Succedaneum</HI> to <HI>Elaterium. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things applied to the Navel are dangerous. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks mu&s;t be given at a time convenient. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Taking of <HI>Lixivia</HI> not good for all. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If &V;rine be &s;topt, <HI>Cantharides</HI> mu&s;t be given. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a perfect Drop&s;ie Diureticks are u&s;ele&s;s. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they ought to be cho&s;en? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it be cau&s;ed through &s;ome fault in the Kidneys, they are u&s;e|le&s;s. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Diureticks are given, Cly&s;ters mu&s;t frequently be admi|ni&s;tred. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They carry off the matter contained in the <HI>Abdomen. XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Waters are proper? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hydroticks mu&s;t not always be pre&s;cribed. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diaphoreticks are able to doe? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweat mu&s;t not be rai&s;ed by Decoctions. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It cannot be cured by Hydroticks alone. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mortal to Hydropicks. <HI>XXIV, XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Tapping may be tried? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The manner of operation, <HI>XXVII, XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>On what condition it may be admini&s;tred? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening mu&s;t not be made with a Cautery. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be done, unle&s;s the Navel &s;well. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what quantity the Water mu&s;t be let out? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Hydropicks the Coats of the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> grow very thick. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Gangrene which follows the opening of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> need not much be feared. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Tapping of the <HI>Scrotum. XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Section made by cutting of the Nails hurtfull. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarifying of the Legs &s;afe. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the Ankles dangerous. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether I&s;&s;ues may be made in the Legs? <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Scarifications be &s;afe? <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bli&s;ters. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of medicated Wines. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t have no Oil in them. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The eating of Herrings is good. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Example of a happy Cure. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Cly&s;ters and Pla&s;ters. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In applying of Topicks we mu&s;t have a care of the region of the Liver. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Preparation of a Catapla&s;m of <HI>Snails. XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a Seton in the Foot. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One that follows an Ague, not cured till the Ague be remo|ved. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. FOrmerly the Liver was reckoned the prin|cipal Subject of the Drop&s;ie, the onely In|&s;trument of venous alimentary bloud, ennobled with that Prerogative by <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>de loc. aff. c.</HI> 7. and 2. <HI>progn. t.</HI> 1. where he al&s;o reads, that it is not al|ways nece&s;&s;ary, it &s;hould be e&s;&s;entially affected at fir&s;t, the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e ari&s;ing in it, but it may al&s;o be affected by con&s;ent with other parts: Yea, he judges no Drop&s;ie can ari&s;e without &s;ome fault in the Liver, or without its con&s;ent and con|&s;piration. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> has named not onely the Li|ver, but other parts; So 2. <HI>Progn. Mo&s;t Drop&s;ies be|gin in the</HI> Ilia <HI>or empty places, or in the Liver.</HI> By <GAP DESC="foreign"> he means Veins; by <GAP DESC="foreign">, the Spleen, Me&s;entery and Womb. The &s;ame, 4. <HI>de Morbis,</HI> ac|knowledges a Drop&s;ie from the Spleen, when the Patient draws drink out of the Stomach. The Mo|derns do atte&s;t, that upon opening of dead Bodies, the Liver is not affected primarily in a Drop&s;ie. A Drop&s;ie is often ob&s;erved when the Liver is in no fault. Oftentimes the Kidneys and Me&s;entery are found to have an Ab&s;ce&s;s or Tumour in them, when the Liver is florid; &s;ometimes it has been ob|&s;erved a little paler, becau&s;e &s;oaked in Water, but it turned florid again upon touching the Air. We are clearly again&s;t <HI>Galen,</HI> and as we a&s;cribe the roy|al power of Sanguification to the Heart, &s;o we do not deny that it is affected, when this operation is hurt. Yet we chiefly blame the mini&s;tery of the Bowels, which wait on the Heart; &s;uch e&s;pecial|ly is the Liver, the Colatory, Seive and Separato|ry of the Bile; the Spleen, of cold and dry Atoms, and the Kidneys, of the &s;erous Atoms: While the&s;e parts are weak and do not perform their office, and the aquo&s;ities that are gathered, do not pa&s;s by the Kidneys and Bladder, &s;tagnating in the hollow of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> or poured into the Habit of the Body, or di&s;&s;olved into Wind, do cau&s;e a Drop&s;ie and all the &s;orts of it. The immediate cau&s;e is the ill tone both of the principal and mini&s;tring parts de&s;tined to Chylification and Sanguification. Chylification of the Stomach and Guts e&s;pecially, if it be hurt, becau&s;e the faculty is hurt, by intemperature, evil conformation or any common fault, or becau&s;e of &s;ome external errour. If the Sanguification of the Heart and Arteries &s;ucceed not according to de&s;ire, if the &s;erous Water be not &s;eparated by the Lympha|ticks, and drawn by the Kidneys and Ureters, they &s;tagnate in the Body, and in an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> are poured into the cavity of the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> The ways are not onely the <HI>Vena Portae,</HI> and the Arteries that accompany it, and the Branches that are di&s;per&s;ed through the Cawl and Me&s;entery, but the Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els al&s;o; for being weary of their load, they expell the Water, which of it &s;elf affects a pa&s;&s;age out: and they ex|pel it by <HI>Ana&s;toma&s;is, Diaere&s;is</HI> and <HI>Diapede&s;is:</HI> and the rarity of the Membrane of the Liver, which is open with <HI>Hydatides,</HI> often afford it a pa&s;&s;age: Bur&s;ting of Water out of the lea&s;t hole of the Liver, about the <HI>Portae Jecoris,</HI> where the Membrane is the thin|ne&s;t, Ulceration and Ero&s;ion of the Kidneys,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gu. Rolfinc|cius, <HI>Epit. Meth. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> Blad|der and Ureters, do all de&s;erve the name of Drop|&s;ies. There are many mediate Cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="2">II. The ordinary Cure &s;ometimes is not proper, if, namely, the Drop&s;ie in a hot and dry con&s;tituti|on be produced by heating Cau&s;es, which di&s;&s;ipate the innate Heat, as it u&s;ually happens in bilious and violent Fevers: for then cold Hepaticks, with Aperients, that are not very hot, are proper, &s;uch as are u&s;ed in tedious Fevers. For Drink, he may take a Decoction of Cichory and Star-thi&s;tle, or of other temperate Aperients, but in a larger quanti|ty; which, namely, may a&s;&s;wage thir&s;t, temper the heat of the Liver, and may moi&s;ten it when dried. Which Doctrine (though it be e&s;tabli&s;hed by <HI>Avicenna, Trallianus,</HI> and others; yet, becau&s;e it &s;eems a Paradox to &s;ome, and is of great moment in practice) it will not be u&s;ele&s;s to confirm it by
<PB N="297" REF="154"> a famous Example related by <HI>Bapti&s;ta Montanus, con&s;.</HI> 263. <Q>I &s;aw, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> at <HI>Venice,</HI> a Religious Man, hy|dropick of an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> and a Tympany, who was cu|red: There were with me <HI>Papien&s;is, Eugubinus, Trinca|vella</HI> and others: He had a Tympany with an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> and a Con&s;umption with a Hectick. We mu&s;t then dry and moi&s;ten, wherefore we were at great dif|ference. I was for having him drink much, but &s;uch things as might open, becau&s;e he had a|bundance of ob&s;tructions: be&s;ides, I was for ha|ving him moi&s;tned, becau&s;e he was in a Con&s;ump|tion. I ordered him <HI>Syrupus aceto&s;us,</HI> with all things which provoke Urine. <HI>Eugubinus</HI> was not willing he &s;hould drink any thing, and he told us a &s;to|ry of one that was cured by dry things: <HI>Papien&s;is,</HI> to put an end to the Controver&s;ie, concluded that he might drink neither plentifully, nor yet not at all. The Debate continued till night. The Gentleman waited upon every Phy&s;ician to his Boat. When <HI>Papien&s;is</HI> was there, he turned to a great Per&s;on and &s;pake his mind freely, which he had di&s;&s;embled before. If you will &s;ave this Man's life, you mu&s;t follow <HI>Montanus</HI> his Advice.</Q> In this ca&s;e Medicines of Steel, Tartar and Vitri|ol are proper, becau&s;e they open powerfully and provoke Urine, e&s;pecially mineral Waters, and vi|triolate Spaws. <HI>Avicenna</HI> reports how a Woman was cured with Pomegranates.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Galen,</HI> and the re&s;t of his Followers, who attribute all to the qualities of the Elements, &s;ay that the Drop&s;ie ari&s;es not from the Spirits, but rather from a cold and moi&s;t intemperature of the Liver: But how aptly for a right Cure, you may gue&s;s; For let them give as hot things as they plea&s;e, for the Liver, they doe no good, they in|crea&s;e thir&s;t, wa&s;te &s;trength, and feed and increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e. But let them break the violence of the &s;pirits, and open the &s;topt pa&s;&s;ages; the Wa|ter gathered within will run out, and the Drop&s;ie will be cured. Which practice has &s;ucceeded well with me in all: But in &s;ome, where there is a cor|ruption of &s;ub&s;tance, or at lea&s;t &s;ome &s;u&s;picion of it, I dare not run this cour&s;e, but do judge I mu&s;t leave them to the Progno&s;tick.</P>
<P N="4">IV. It &s;eems contrary to the Rules of Art, and to Rea&s;on, to affirm that Bleeding can be conveni|ent in a Drop&s;ie, which neverthele&s;s <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 11. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 5. and <HI>lib. Acutor. n.</HI> 62. did commend. I know many will &s;ay, that Bleeding is u&s;ually ad|mitted of in this Di&s;ea&s;e, when it, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, ari&s;es from Inflammation: Yet of the&s;e ma|ny, that talk thus, when there is no occa&s;ion, you will &s;ee but few either propo&s;e it, or when it is propo&s;ed admit of it, when it ought to be done, and this to the Patients great damage. But if they knew how to u&s;e this Remedy in time and in a convenient manner, the Liver, or Spleen, or both, would not be afflicted with too much or bad bloud, through want or delay of bleeding, the indi&s;po&s;i|tion of which parts a Drop&s;ie does u&s;ually follow. But whether did <HI>Galen</HI> always omit bleeding in this Di&s;ea&s;e? He, <HI>adver&s;us Era&s;i&s;tratum, cap.</HI> 5. <HI>de V. S.</HI> has the&s;e words, <HI>I have often cured a Con&s;umption and Drop|&s;ie by Bloud-letting.</HI> Therefore &s;ince an intemperature of the Spleen or Liver, whether imminent, or al|ready conceived, u&s;es to be greatly amended, or oftentimes removed by evacuation of bloud, whe|ther &s;pontaneous or procured by Art, for this rea|&s;on it ought not &s;o readily and generally to be con|demned, as it is by mo&s;t Men, when there is &s;ome &s;u&s;picion of a Drop&s;ie, or one beginning; e&s;pecial|ly &s;ince <HI>Hippocrates, l. de Affection. n.</HI> 21. holds, that Bleeding mu&s;t frequently be repeated in the &s;ple|nitick Vein, when Men are troubled with the Spleen and inclined to a Drop&s;ie. But what drew me formerly, and my Ma&s;ters, and other Phy&s;ici|ans, into this fear, I think I may lawfully tell. It was indeed an ill cu&s;tome, handed from one to ano|ther: for it &s;uffices mo&s;t Men, in&s;tead of Learning or Rea&s;on to defend them&s;elves by common u&s;age: And a fallacious con&s;equence deduced from a true &s;aying of <HI>Galen</HI>'s, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>de natur. facult, c.</HI> 8. and <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>aph.</HI> 12. <HI>Cure after old Haemorrhoids,</HI> &amp;c. and from other places, where he affirms, he has &s;een many made hydropick, both Men and Women, upon the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion or diminution of the Haemorrhoids or <HI>Men|&s;trua,</HI> or when they run too much, whereby the Li|ver is cooled, and its &s;anguifick virtue dimini&s;hed: Whereby it &s;o comes to pa&s;s, that it fares with the Liver and Veins in making and retaining of the Bloud, as it does with the cooled Stomach and Guts in concocting and retaining food, when we are troubled with a <HI>diarrhoea.</HI> Hence Phy&s;icians that are not over per&s;picacious, being deceived by the fallacy of Similitude, infer that Blood-letting is not onely not &s;afe, but very dangerous for &s;uch as are di&s;po&s;ed to a Drop&s;ie, who how badly they collect, and wor&s;e connect, the experiments of Art do mo&s;t evidently te&s;tifie. Since oftentimes a Drop&s;ie takes them from whom neither any Bloud was taken, nor &s;pontaneou&s;ly voided, yea them rather who had it &s;topt by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Haemorrhoids or <HI>Men&s;es:</HI> And, on the contrary, nothing is more rare, than for a Drop&s;ie to follow &s;imple effu&s;ions of Bloud: I call them Simple, which come without any Impurity of the Bloud or Fault of the Liver, as &s;uch as follow Wounds, which may be proved by many In&s;tances of &s;uch as after a Wound and after a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> have lo&s;t a great deal of bloud, none of whom were ever taken with a Drop&s;ie. Therefore evacuation of Bloud cau&s;es not a Drop&s;ie, but the u&s;ele&s;s redundance or im|purity of it; by one, or both of which joined the innate heat of the Liver is &s;uffocated, or abated, or inflamed, then Nature is &s;timulated, and through the load and fault of that which &s;hould have been the nouri&s;hment of the Body, it endeavours to ex|pell it as its greate&s;t enemy by the Veins of the No|&s;trils, or the <HI>Anus,</HI> or the Womb. But notwith&s;tan|ding, becau&s;e Nature cannot always ob&s;erve the &s;tated and convenient moderation in the&s;e &s;ponta|neous openings of the Ve&s;&s;els, hence it comes to pa&s;s, that often after them, e&s;pecially if there be any fault in the Bloud or Liver, Drop&s;ies come, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aid. Wherefore the prime and chief &s;cope of avoiding a Drop&s;ie imminent, or of curing one beginning or already begun, mu&s;t relie on tho&s;e Remedies that abate the u&s;ele&s;s quantity of Bloud, and correct its impurity, and free the Liver from its intemperature (e&s;pecially a hot one, to which it above all the other parts of the Body is mo&s;t ob|noxious) Among which Remedies all Learned men agree, and it is found by experience, that letting of Bloud has the principal Prerogative. Yet far|ther, I &s;uppo&s;e, the u&s;e of this Remedy propo&s;ed by &s;everal may more ea&s;ily be allowed me in one imminent, or ju&s;t beginning, than in a confirmed and violent Drop&s;ie, in which neverthele&s;s <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> 11. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 5. reckoned it not altogether u&s;ele&s;s, when he orders the inner Veins to be ope|ned, <HI>when this Di&s;ea&s;e is great in intention.</HI> But when the Drop&s;ie is confirmed already, and ari&s;es from &s;ome fault in the Liver or Spleen, as there is no hope of the Cure of this; &s;o neither mu&s;t this &s;aid Remedy be ra&s;hly expo&s;ed to calumny. Which in|deed, though it may relieve a Man, ju&s;t ready to be &s;uffocated, &s;o that Life may be prolonged a few days; yet it mu&s;t not be propounded or performed, without &s;ignifying to the Patient what fruit he can expect from it,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Leonardus Botallus,</HI> l, de curat. per S. M. c. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> le&s;t being bol&s;tered up with vain hope of Cure, Men blame both the Remedy and the Advi&s;er of it.</P>
<P N="5">V. Evacuation by Vomit, becau&s;e it di&s;turbs the Belly too much, and increa&s;es &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, is hurtfull to &s;ome; yet it may doe &s;ome Men good, if any revul&s;ion be made from the me&s;araick Veins to the Stomach and Guts; or for the removal of the Cau&s;e, whence the &s;tore of <HI>Serum</HI> comes, e&s;pecially
<PB N="298" REF="155"> if they be ea&s;ie to vomit; as al&s;o if through exce&s;|&s;ive thir&s;t they have drunk abundance of Water, for the vomiting of it up again, which &s;ome give &s;ometimes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> that they may pre&s;ently vomit it up a|gain. &para; We pre&s;ently proceeded to vomit him: for he was ea&s;ie to vomit: The Vomit was procu|red by warm Water, <HI>Syrupus aceto&s;us</HI> and Oil. We often gave on purpo&s;e three pounds or thereabout of cold Water, and pre&s;ently made him vomit it up again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinandus, <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 37.</NOTE> and &s;o there came away a green water, and at la&s;t bilious and bitter excrements. He was better after vomiting.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates, Aphor.</HI> 14. <HI>lib.</HI> 6. opens the way of Cure <HI>(if Water flow out of the Veins into the Belly of Hydro|picks, it cures the Di&s;ea&s;e)</HI> deduced from the imitation of Nature. But this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that it is im|po&s;&s;ible that by a weak Medicine the humour which &s;wims below the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> and the Guts, &s;hould be drawn into the Guts: For they that think they can doe this with Juice of <HI>Iris,</HI> or <HI>Diutarbith,</HI> or <HI>Soldanel|la,</HI> are deceived: for the&s;e things do ea&s;ily carry off the Water contained in the Veins, but not that which &s;wims in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> wherefore there is need of <HI>Elaterium.</HI> I mix &s;ome grains of it with <HI>Pilulae Aloe|phangini,</HI> or el&s;e I give a &s;mall quantity of <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> mixt with &s;ome <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> newly drawn.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> &para; If he purge too much, give a little <HI>Opium</HI> with Treacle and Syrup of Citrons, for when Sweat is cau&s;ed, the Purging &s;tops.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Always in giving of Purges it mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, that &s;trong ones be not u&s;ed too often, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 9. <GAP DESC="foreign">, &s;hews, becau&s;e they debilitate the Body, &s;o that a greater quantity of Water ga|thers. Therefore Strengthners and Openers mu&s;t be oftner pre&s;cribed than Purgatives. Experience teaches, that evacuation by urine often &s;ucceeds bet|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rius.</NOTE> than that by &s;tool.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We may, according to <HI>Sennertus,</HI> u&s;e <HI>Mer|curius vitae</HI> to carry off the Water, though it be a Vo|mitory, if it be made fixt by long Dige&s;tion: for in Hydropicks it will not ea&s;ily cau&s;e a Vomit: The rea&s;on whereof, according to him, &s;eems, becau&s;e in &s;uch abundance of Water, the &s;olid parts cannot be &s;o vellicated: Or, becau&s;e the Salt of the <HI>Se|rum</HI> fixes the volatility of Vomitories. This is done in Gum <HI>Gotta,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hoeferus,</HI> Herc. Med. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> if it be mixt with Spirit of Salt or of Vitriol. &para; I do not que&s;tion but more would be &s;aved from the Jaws of Death, if Nature were helped with a little &s;tronger Remedies, e&s;pecially Mineral ones. A Boy nine years old, having been &s;ome months hydropick after a Cachexy, was given over for de&s;perate by others: He was a&s;citick with an <HI>Ana&s;arca.</HI> I fir&s;t of all advi&s;e Evacuation by <HI>Mer|curius dulcis</HI> and <HI>Diagrydium,</HI> which being repeated once or twice, I make u&s;e of a medicated Spring in the neighbourhood, which was nitrous, and mixt with Sulphur and Vitriol, I fir&s;t applied it with new Sponges; then I gave it in Drink and for a Bath: &s;ometimes al&s;o giving a Purge made of an Infu&s;ion of Leaves of <HI>Senna,</HI> Agarick, black <HI>Mecho|acan,</HI> Seeds of <HI>Carthamum,</HI> with Currants, Ani&s;eeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in the fore&s;aid Mineral water, by benefit whereof not onely the Belly was loo&s;ned, but &s;tore of U|rine was voided, his Belly falling by little and little, &s;o that in a few months time he was perfect|ly re&s;tored to health. In like manner a Girle about three years old, being puft up with an <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> all over her Body, and utterly abhorring all Medi|cines, was recovered by the u&s;e of <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> with a few grains of Magi&s;tery of Jalap, when &s;he was at Death's door, and by giving the &s;aid Medicines &s;everal times &s;he was plentifully purged without a|ny trouble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> &para; The Medicines of mo&s;t moment are &s;uch as are made of Antimony, as <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> the Do&s;e whereof at fir&s;t mu&s;t be 4 grains in extract of Hellebore, or Coloquintida: Afterwards, if the &s;trength will bear it, it may be increa&s;ed to twelve: The u&s;e of it mu&s;t be continued for &s;ome days, e|&s;pecially in a confirmed Drop&s;ie, and when the tone of the Stomach is not &s;poiled; In this ca&s;e it cau|&s;es no Vomit, but onely purges downwards;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman|nus.</NOTE> And in old People it cau&s;es a <HI>Procidentia ani.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. I u&s;e <HI>Elaterium,</HI> I begin with 1 grain and an half, and afterwards I give 2, then 3, and to 5; but gradually; nor mu&s;t the Do&s;e be increa&s;ed, un|le&s;s the matter to be evacuated require it, and the Di&s;ea&s;e will bear it. This is the Receipt; Take of <HI>Elaterium</HI> 2 grains, <HI>Pilulae Aloephangini</HI> 1 &s;cru|ple. With Juice of <HI>Orrice</HI> make Pills. Some Hydro|picks cannot take <HI>Elaterium,</HI> but they fall into a <HI>Syn|cope;</HI> then it mu&s;t not be given them. They can neither bear Antimony, nor Juice of Spurge. Then I follow <HI>Aetius;</HI> I take the root of wild Cucumber; I cut it, and reduce it to Powder, I put it in ge|nerous Wine, as in Malm&s;ey, and &s;teep it in 12 or 14 ounces thereof for 3 days, and I give this Wine with the Powder at 3 times, for 3 days one after another: Then I intermit for 3 or 4 days, and I give it again for 3 days: I intermit again, and I give it again. And &s;o the Swelling abates without any trouble: for this Root is corrected by the Wine, which al&s;o &s;trengthens the Stomach and Liver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Fernelius,</HI> in his <HI>Pharmacopoeia,</HI> de&s;cribes an Ointment, which applied powerfully carries off the Water in the Drop&s;ie, and abates the Swelling of the Belly. But you cannot make tryal of this and the like, without di&s;credit: for the purgative vir|tue communicated to the Mu&s;cles and Membranes, often cau&s;es a mortal loo&s;ne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Diureticks mu&s;t not be given till the Body be purged and made fluid: for it is found by expe|rience, that the more Diureticks and things that thin the humours are given to Hydropicks, the more they &s;well. The hollow of the Liver mu&s;t fir&s;t be cleared from aquo&s;ity by &s;tool, before the gibbous part be cleared by urine. I have &s;een diuretick Po|tions &s;ucceed ill, in which there was <HI>Soldanella,</HI> when the fir&s;t ways had not been taken care of be|fore, and repletion removed. But after evacuation of the whole, they are admirable good.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Lixivia</HI> taken inwardly are not proper for all Hydropicks promi&s;cuou&s;ly: Outwardly they are good to clean&s;e, re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, and to other ends. They are proper indeed, becau&s;e by their diuretick virtue they cau&s;e urine, for making of which Hydropicks are u&s;ually famous, but not for all promi&s;cuou&s;ly: Not for &s;uch as are con&s;ummate, and make a red deep coloured urine, and not for &s;uch as have a weak Stomach. And in general, the tone of the Stomach mu&s;t always be ob&s;erved in the&s;e men; becau&s;e it is greatly hurt by Lixivials, the ferment dies, which delights in an acid volati|lity, and they increa&s;e the Salts, which are there in great plenty already, and threaten a mortificati|on of the Bowels.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedolius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Sometimes Hydropicks do &s;uffer a &s;top|page of Urine, whereby, not onely the water is in|crea&s;ed in the Belly, but there is imminent danger of &s;udden death: Wherefore &s;ome potent remedy &s;hould be had in readine&s;s, as the taking of <HI>Cantha|rides</HI> inwardly, which are mo&s;t proper in an <HI>A&s;cites. Hippocrates</HI> approves of them, 4 <HI>de vict. acut. t.</HI> 124. But they mu&s;t be given upon certain conditions, 1. If in a Drop&s;ie (and in other ca&s;es al&s;o) the U|rine be &s;o &s;topt, that it will not yield to other Me|dicines. Therefore becau&s;e there is danger of Death, we are forced to have recour&s;e to the &s;tronge&s;t remedies: But we mu&s;t &s;uppo&s;e, the U|rine &s;tops becau&s;e of &s;ome fault in the Kidneys, which is u&s;ual in Drop&s;ies. 2. <HI>Cantharides</HI> mu&s;t be given whole; for we give the belly, to provoke Urine, but le&s;t they &s;hould do mi&s;chief, we mix the wings and feet, which parts hinder them from hurt|ing the Bladder. The conditions al&s;o mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, propo&s;ed by <HI>Galen, c.</HI> 23. <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> that they be given in a &s;mall quantity, and mixt with other Medicines, e&s;pecially &s;uch as defend the bladder. Wherefore we may give one whole <HI>Cantharis,</HI> with
<PB N="299" REF="155"> a &s;cruple of Powder, either of Rue, or Spike, or &s;ome &s;uch thing: And &s;ome fat thing mu&s;t be gi|ven to drink after it, as four or &s;ix ounces of Broth of a fat Chicken. In this manner they are given with benefit and &s;afety. I have &s;een &s;ome, who have been given over by all, recover, by taking <HI>Can|tharides.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci|us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Any one would be apt to thinK, that Diu|retick Medicines were good to carry off Water from any place or hole in the body. Indeed, it is apparent from experience, that they frequently cure an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and doe more good therein than any other remedies. We mu&s;t con&s;ider therefore, what they can doe towards the di&s;charging of the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> As to this, fir&s;t of all it is manife&s;t, that no immediate pa&s;&s;age is open from the A&s;citick Pond, though near, to the Kidneys; but, what water &s;oever is carried from the <HI>Abdomen</HI> thither, it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be received back into the ma&s;s of bloud, and then be poured out of it into the Urina|ry &s;ink. But how &s;mall a matter is it, that the mouths of the Veins, opening upon the &s;uperficies of the Bowels (if they open at all) can receive? And this is all that Diureticks can doe, they make the bloud, by melting it, and driving its &s;ero&s;ities plentifully to the Kidneys, when it is emptied, to draw the water fluctuating in the Belly, to it &s;elf. In the mean time there is no le&s;s danger, le&s;t Diu|reticks given un&s;ea&s;onably, while they put the bloud too much into fu&s;ion, &s;hould drive the <HI>Serum,</HI> forced to &s;eparate, more into the ne&s;t of the <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> than into the Kidneys, and &s;o rather increa&s;e, than remove the floud in the Belly: for it has appear|ed, by frequent ob&s;ervation, that it u&s;ually &s;o falls out. Wherefore, when Diureticks are pre&s;cribed for the cure of a Drop&s;ie, we mu&s;t have a great care of this contrary effect. Truely it is for this rea&s;on, that (from the authority of the Ancients, and practice found by experience) A&s;tringents and Strengthners are always mixt with Hydropick Me|dicines, not that &s;uch things confirm the tone of the Liver (as is commonly &s;aid) but they pre&s;erve the <HI>cra&s;is,</HI> or mixtion of the bloud from being di&s;|&s;olved with too much fu&s;ion. Wherefore, in an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> which comes chiefly, or partly, becau&s;e the frames of the Bowels and ve&s;&s;els, and e&s;pecially the Coats, Glands and Fibres, and the Inter&s;tices of them, are &s;tuffed with a &s;erous humour, and great|ly &s;welled thereby; as Catharticks, &s;o al&s;o Diu|reticks are proper, and are often taken with good &s;ucce&s;s, ina&s;much, that is, as by taking of them the Ma&s;s of bloud (the <HI>Serum</HI> being copiou&s;ly derived to the Kidneys) that is emptied, does take in, by the mouths of the Veins, the water &s;tagnating near them, and conveys it to the Urinary pa&s;&s;age. But on the contrary, in a mere <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> where the floud of water overflows the cavity of the Belly, when the texture of the Bowels is free from any &s;erous ob&s;truction, Diureticks are given either in vain, or inconveniently: ina&s;much as they get nothing out of the pond of the Belly, and by often putting the bloud into fu&s;ion, do force the Water, that is apt to drop in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> with more impetuo&s;ity.</P>
<P N="15">XV. All Diureticks are not equally proper for an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> and mu&s;t not be given indifferently: for we may ob&s;erve, that they who are troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e, do, for the mo&s;t part, make little U|rine, but red and lixivial, which is a &s;ign indeed that the <HI>cra&s;is</HI> of the bloud is too &s;trict in &s;uch, from a fixt and &s;ulphureous &s;alt exalted and combined together, and therefore the <HI>Serum</HI> is not duely &s;e|parated in the Kidneys, which yet is left about the turnings and windings of the ob&s;tructed inwards, and &s;o di&s;charged into the cavity of the Belly. Wherefore, in this &s;tate, onely &s;uch things mu&s;t be given to provoke Urine, as do &s;o re&s;tore and amend the con&s;titution of the bloud, that the enormities of the fixt &s;alt and &s;ulphur being removed, the &s;erous part may be &s;eparated, and more plentifully di&s;|charged by the Kidneys: For which purpo&s;e, not acids, or lixivials, but things endued with a volatile &s;alt are de&s;igned. For I have often ob&s;erved in &s;uch Patients, when Spirit of Salt, and other acid <HI>Stagma's</HI> of Minerals, and when Salt of Tartar, Broom, and the <HI>deliquia,</HI> or di&s;&s;olutions of other things have done rather hurt than good; that juice of Plantain, Brooklime, and other herbs, abounding with a vo|latile &s;alt, al&s;o the expre&s;&s;ion of <HI>Millepedes,</HI> have done much good:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> for the &s;ame rea&s;on Salt Nitre highly purified, or <HI>Cry&s;tallum Minerale</HI> often does good.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Oftentimes the Drop&s;ie is cau&s;ed without any fault in the Liver, becau&s;e of the weakne&s;s of the Kidneys, which &s;hould draw the <HI>Serum,</HI> and the&s;e pa&s;&s;ages cannot be opened by any the mo&s;t gene|rous Diureticks: Therefore we mu&s;t endeavour to clean&s;e the&s;e parts, the neighbouring e&s;pecially, and al&s;o to re&s;tore the lo&s;t faculty by Fomentati|ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. But while Diureticks are taking, Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given frequently, of a decoction of Mercu|ry, <HI>Soldanella,</HI> Centaury, Fenil, Bayberries, with &s;ome Hydragogue Electuary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 69. <HI>cent.</HI> 33.</NOTE> or <HI>Mel. ro&s;ar. &s;o|lut.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Men commonly reckon that Diureticks in a Drop&s;ie do carry onely that matter to the Uri|nary Ve&s;&s;els, which may fall into the cavity of the Belly, and not that whith is gathered there already, for it is no way po&s;&s;ible for it to be evacuatal by Urine, becau&s;e if the matter re&s;iding in the cavity were to be evacuated by Urine, it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity enter the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> again, which is impo&s;&s;ible. But this fear is without ground, for they may be given with great benefit, as they are able, not onely to derive the &s;erous matter, which is as yet contained in the ve&s;&s;els, and is about to run into the Belly, but al&s;o to draw back into the Veins and Lympha|tick Ve&s;&s;els that very Water which re&s;tagnates in the cavity of the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> So <HI>Rondeletius, c.</HI> 36. <HI>l.</HI> 2. &s;aw a Woman in a Drop&s;ie cured by flux of Urine. But we mu&s;t know, 1. That the body mu&s;t be purg|ed before, and made fluid. 2. That they have this advantage, that they can at the &s;ame time free the inwards from ob&s;tructions, of which number are Spirit of Salt, Urine, and its Volatile Salt, <HI>Spiritus aperitivus Penoti, Tinctura aperitiva D. Moebii,</HI> Salt of Wormwood coagulated with the Spirit of Salt; <HI>Fel vitri,</HI> with a decoction of River Crabs, <HI>&amp;c. Hel|mont</HI> has noted a pa&s;&s;age, <HI>lib. de pote&s;t. Medicam. Sect.</HI> 32. which agrees with this, <HI>I perceived,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>that all &s;imple Salts pa&s;s by &V;rine and the Guts, and in the mean time di&s;&s;olve the filth in the&s;e pa&s;&s;ages, and make the ex|pul&s;ive faculty mindfull of its office.</HI> 3. That they mu&s;t be frequently u&s;ed. 4. That they mu&s;t be often changed, le&s;t Nature accu&s;tome her &s;elf to them. 5. That they mu&s;t be given in Powder. 6. That we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them in an <HI>An<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tomo&s;is</HI> of the Veins, and colliquation of the humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Among&s;t hydragogue Medicines drinking of the Waters is chief: And of all the&s;e the <HI>Spaw</HI>-water is be&s;t, which promi&s;es certain health to Hy|dropicks, even confirmed; for it carries off the re|dundant water in the <HI>Abdomen</HI> by the way of Urine, and wonderfully re&s;tores lo&s;t &s;trength to the Sto|mach, Liver, and to the re&s;t of the natural parts, and &s;o confirms it, when re&s;tored, that a Man, after taking of this water repeated &s;everal times every day, perfectly recovers his lo&s;t health.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Sudorificks are reckoned among evacuating Medicines, which, as in an <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> they always doe good, &s;o in a Tympany, and an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> &s;ometimes they doe harm: If, that is, drine&s;s of the Liver, as it of|ten does, give original to the di&s;ea&s;e; be&s;ides, for the mo&s;t part it is impo&s;&s;ible to rai&s;e a Sweat in Hy|dropick per&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Diaphoreticks, though they be of &s;pecial u&s;e in an <HI>Ana&s;arca;</HI> yet in an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> they are either of none, or but very rare, becau&s;e u&s;ed un&s;ea&s;ona|bly, they often doe the Patient a great deal of harm,
<PB N="300" REF="156"> without any benefit: ina&s;much namely as by heat|ing the bloud, they cau&s;e the waters fluctuating in the cavity of the Belly, to rage, and as it were to boil, &s;o that the &s;pirits and humours are very much di&s;turbed by vapours rai&s;ed from thence, and &s;o a di&s;order of all the functions does follow, and the Inwards them&s;elves are very much hurt, as if they were perboiled. Moreover, by Sweating thus ami&s;s, the bloud being forced into fu&s;ion and pre|cipitation of the <HI>Serum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> di&s;charges more of it into the ne&s;t of the <HI>A&s;cites.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Sweat mu&s;t not be rai&s;ed by Decoctions, which by their actual humidity doe harm, but by Extracts of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> <HI>Sa&s;&s;afras, Carduus Benedictus,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. They greatly mi&s;take, who try to expell an ab&s;olute and full Cacochymie, as in a Drop&s;ie, by Sudorificks: Indeed this is &s;ometimes good in the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e; but it is onely in this ca&s;e, and that onely &s;ometimes. It happens &s;ometimes that in Hydropicks, little bli&s;ters appear on their Bel|ly: by opening of the&s;e oftentimes more water comes out in two or three hours time, than the be&s;t Sweat would get out in a whole night.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Let any one be ill of an inveterate Drop|&s;ie, in the end he is troubled with continual want of Sleep; and he that goes to cure this with Nar|coticks, kills the Patient. Hydropicks dye upon ta|king one grain of <HI>Opium.</HI> If the Patient de&s;ire help for his want of Sleep, let the Phy&s;ician pre&s;cribe &s;ome well-known Medicine, le&s;t, when the Patient mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity dye, ha&s;tning of his Death be a&s;|cribed to Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Whoever gives an Hydropick per&s;on half a drachm of Treacle, he highly endangers his Pa|tient's life, and his own credit, even by giving of one grain: For &s;uch Opiates do not onely lay the Spirits a&s;leep, but they make the &s;hortne&s;s of breath wor&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> to which Symptoms almo&s;t all Hydropicks are obnoxious.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Perforation of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> is the great|e&s;t Remedy, which mu&s;t be u&s;ed, when there are in|dicant and permittent Intentions: The Indicant are watry Matter. It is lawfull to perforate in an <HI>A&s;|cites</HI> onely. <HI>Avicenna</HI> does not tap the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> un|le&s;s the body be very &s;trong: when therefore you come to Patients, do not tarry till they grow weak, becau&s;e it will be in vain afterwards to u&s;e this remedy. Concerning the time, <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays, <HI>You mu&s;t not dare to tap the Belly, as long as any other cure is po&s;|&s;ible.</HI> The Moderns explain it thus; All things mu&s;t be tried before the Knife: but this is a great er|rour: for <HI>Avicenna</HI> u&s;ed other Remedies after Tap|ping. But he would &s;hew us that we mu&s;t not proceed to Tapping, unle&s;s we fore&s;ee the Di|&s;ea&s;e will not be cured with le&s;s remedies. When therefore we find the Belly &s;well fa&s;t, and other accidents, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently have recour&s;e to this remedy: But if we &s;hould try all things fir&s;t, with|out doubt the Patient would be enfeebled, and his weakne&s;s would not allow it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius. Hippocra|tes.</NOTE> &para; We mu&s;t tap Hydropicks quickly. &para; <HI>Aurelianus</HI> &s;ays, there is no other rea&s;on why mo&s;t dye, whatever &s;ome may ob|ject, but becau&s;e this cure is always tried too late, and when the di&s;ea&s;e, by diuturnity, is become in|curable.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. It ought to be con&s;idered, that Nature her &s;elf, who being taught by no Man, yet does tho&s;e things that are proper, has, as it were, point|ed out to us this operation, while &s;he has &s;aved the Patient oftentimes from pre&s;ent death, by &s;welling and opening the Navel in a Drop&s;ie: And though it be very difficult to tap the Navel, yet, when it is &s;welled, we mu&s;t &s;eek no other place. But if the Navel chance not to ri&s;e in a bli&s;ter, &s;ome other con|venient place mu&s;t be &s;ought: And that is on the left|&s;ide of the Navel, three inches below the Navel, and &s;o many on one &s;ide of it: Yet fir&s;t, as the Pa|tient &s;tands upright, if there be not an exce&s;&s;ive quantity of <HI>Serum,</HI> or as he &s;its or lies, when his bel|ly is very much &s;welled, the place mu&s;t be care|fully marked with Ink. Formerly Section was made with a Penknife through the skin, mu&s;cles and <HI>Peri|tonaeum,</HI> not without fear of hurting the Guts; then after Section, they put a &s;mooth-&s;houldred Silver pipe into the wound, exactly fitting the hole. Which becau&s;e it was very difficult, the Moderns have found out a far more convenient way, and that is, by a Pipe, having a very &s;harp edge at the end, which <HI>Barbette, Chirurg. p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 15. de&s;cribes, for by this the <HI>Abdomen</HI> is perforated by degrees: But as &s;oon as it has penetrated into the hollow part, pre&s;ently the water u&s;es to run out at the holes, that are on each &s;ide of the edge, the exce&s;&s;ive flux whereof, if we would &s;top, we &s;top the hole of the pipe with a Silver pen exactly fitting it, and when we have a mind to let it run again, we draw it out: When we have a mind often to repeat this operation, either a new hole is made, or that is opened again, which was made before.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horne <HI>Mi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n.</HI></NOTE> A little Lint, with an agglutinant pla&s;ter applied over it, &s;huts the hole &s;ecurely.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. We mu&s;t ha&s;ten to tapping, not the vulgar way, which is full of danger, but a new and &s;afe way by a Silver pin, hollow, which is gently thru&s;t into the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> about four inches below the Navel, and as many on one &s;ide of it, and after a &s;ufficient quantity of water is let out, it is drawn out again; and in like manner, at &s;ome other time or day, it is thru&s;t into the &s;ame hole, unle&s;s it &s;eem good to make a new hole &s;ome other where. There is no danger in this operation, becau&s;e, when the pin is drawn out, no more liquour will run out; but by applying a <HI>Diapalma</HI> pla&s;ter, the opened place is not onely defended from the injuries of the am|bient Air, but its con&s;olidation is promoted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Although <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratus, Avicenna</HI> and <HI>Gordoni|us,</HI> think it de&s;tructive, yet if there be all the con|ditions for the &s;afe performance of it, I &s;hould willingly order it immediately. And the&s;e condi|tions are &s;ix. 1. That not deplorable per&s;ons, but &s;uch as have &s;trength, be tapped. 2. That they be not very feveri&s;h. 3. That there be no <HI>Schirrhus</HI> in the bowels. 4. That the di&s;ea&s;e be new, and the bowels not corrupted by the water. 5. All the water mu&s;t not be evacuated. 6. It mu&s;t neither be in Summer nor in Winter time, if it be po&s;&s;ible. But in a Drop&s;ie of many months, the decay of the Inwards may be &s;u&s;pected, which alone may de|hort from &s;o great a Remedy, the unhappy &s;uc|ce&s;s whereof may ea&s;ily be a&s;cribed to the Phy&s;i|cian. Hence <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> his Errour ea&s;ily appears, who thinks, we mu&s;t onely u&s;e tapping in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, whereas then Inu&s;tions are rather convenient, which are propo&s;ed by <HI>Avicenna, Albu|ca&s;is</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Moreover, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that the Bel|ly mu&s;t not be opened with a red-hot knife; for the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> is inflamed, as I have experienced.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus.</NOTE> &para; Nor mu&s;t it be done with a Cau&s;tick; for when a great and round E&s;char is made, the water will come out at the large hole made within, with &s;uch violence, that no dam can check it. One was applied, again&s;t my mind, to the Noble Mr. <HI>Alexander de Kar&s;y,</HI> a fa|mous Lawyer in <HI>Geneva,</HI> the day before his death, which, but that it anticipated, he had died at the fir&s;t gu&s;hing out of the water: for, when he was dead, and the penknife thru&s;t into it, the water could &s;carce be &s;topt by applying the Thumb. When we looked on the place, to which the cau&s;tick &s;tone had been applied, it had pa&s;&s;ed all the integuments to the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> with a wide hole, and had not this by its thickne&s;s hindred (which in Hydropicks is ob&s;erved to grow very thick) he had died immedi|ately.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Concerning this operation, it mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, that Hydropicks mu&s;t not be tapt, unle&s;s an <HI>Ezomphalos,</HI> or a &s;tarting of the Navel appear, Na|ture
<PB N="301" REF="156"> as it were affecting that way for the di&s;charge of the water: Otherwi&s;e, all that are opened, when the Navel is not prominent, die; And this promi|nence of the Navel may be procured by Art, by &s;etting dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, with much flame, to the Navel, and al&s;o by emollient and drawing fo|mentations, which in three days, or thereabout, cau&s;e a prominence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Formius <HI>ad</HI> Riverium.</NOTE> in which Tapping may be ad|mini&s;tred.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Modern Practitioners &s;ay, &s;omething mu&s;t be evacuated morning and evening, but this way of evacuating to me &s;eems pernicious; for I &s;aw the water once &s;o let out, and the Patient di|ed in two days: And, I think, the onely cau&s;e of his death was the taking away of &s;o little water: For when the way was once made, the water try|ing to get out, ru&s;hes upon it with great violence, and lying with all its weight on the wound, does f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rther debilitate the part, which is debilitated with &s;ection already. Thence, 1. There ari&s;es a great difficulty in retaining the water, which being retained by vi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lence, endangers a Gangrene, as it happened to him I &s;poke of. 2. What benefit is there from &s;o little evacuation? for in the belly of one that is perfectly Hydropick, 30 or 40 pints of water are contained, and what relief can eva|cuation of half a pint give? But it is my judgment, 1. That a great quantity &s;hould be taken away, about half, or at lea&s;t a third part, and till the Bel|ly fall remarkably: In the mean time, le&s;t the Pati|ent &s;hould be weakned by the lo&s;s of &s;o much, he mu&s;t be refre&s;hed with oil of Cloves, Cinnamon-wa|ter, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the next day about two or three pints mu&s;t be taken away, and the third day again; but ever le&s;s and le&s;s: for becau&s;e the parts have &s;o long a time been accu&s;tomed to the water, there|fore I think the la&s;t of it &s;hould be left a good while; but the fir&s;t &s;hould be taken out much at once, to the end Nature may pre&s;ently find mani|fe&s;t relief. For then e&s;pecially there will not be &s;o great difficulty in keeping the water; there will not be &s;o great a weight of water upon the wound|ed and weak part; and it will not be nece&s;&s;ary to thru&s;t in tents and pipes &s;o hard, with pain, or to pre&s;s the wounded part &s;o violently. And that there is not &s;o great danger in evacuating the wa|ter at once, examples of &s;everal do &s;hew, from whom it has bur&s;t, either of it &s;elf, or by acci|dent, &s;o that it has almo&s;t all run out, and yet they have recovered. Thus we heard lately here at <HI>Lovain,</HI> how almo&s;t all the water bur&s;t out of an a&s;citick Woman at once, in a very &s;hort time, and yet &s;he recovered.</P>
<P N="33"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus.</NOTE>XXXIII. In Hydropicks the coa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s of the <HI>Perito|naeum</HI> grow very thick, yea, in &s;ucce&s;s of time they acquire a cartilagineous hardne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> which, in tap|ping of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> is very nece&s;&s;ary to be known.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. They who refu&s;e Tapping, admit of opening the <HI>Scrotum</HI> (but the bowels mu&s;t be &s;afe, and the &s;trength good) which being turgid, mu&s;t be opened with a Penknife or a Lancet, and afterwards mu&s;t be kept open with a Seton. Sometimes a Gangrene comes, but this not always of any great moment;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 48.</NOTE> for &s;o, way being made, the water runs out more ea&s;ily, and &s;uch cutaneous Gangrenes are not &s;o difficult to cure. &para; A Black-&s;mith, in the year 1653. afforded me an in&s;tance, in who&s;e <HI>Scro|tum,</HI> when it had &s;welled after a Drop&s;ie, Pu&s;tules aro&s;e, and the water of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> ran out that way, upon which a Gangrene followed in the <HI>Scro|tum,</HI> of which he was cured by the indu&s;try of Mr. <HI>Sabourin,</HI> a Chirurgeon of <HI>Geneva:</HI> He &s;urvived it three years, and when the Drop&s;ie came again, through a bad Diet, he died.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. According to <HI>Aetius,</HI> we may &s;ometimes prick the <HI>Scrotum</HI> with Needles, into which water is fallen, and experience &s;hews, this remedy is very good. A Seton is made with a red-hot Iron, where|with the skin of the <HI>Scrotum</HI> is perforated. There|fore we may either u&s;e pricking, or a Seton, ac|cording as the Patients admit of the one remedy rather than the other.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Hollerius</HI> has a new way of getting out the water in Drop&s;ies; he &s;ays, that one e&s;c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> a Drop&s;ie, and Death it &s;elf, by cutting his Nails of his feet and hands to the quick: But with how much danger this cure is accompanied, appears from <HI>Henric. ab Heer ob&s;.</HI> 12. who affirms, that an hydro|pick per&s;on, about fifty years old, when he had cut his Nails of his feet to the quick, was pre&s;ently taken with a Gangrene, and not long after he died.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Scarification of the legs was a famous remedy among the Ancients. <HI>H. Saxonia,</HI> out of <HI>Alex. Benedict. lib.</HI> 15. <HI>cur. Morb.</HI> does commend the Scarifi|tion of the Skin on the <HI>Abdomen;</HI> But in the An|kles and Legs he advi&s;es to ab&s;tain from it, for fear of a Gangrene: Yet <HI>Langius</HI> confirms it by his own experience, and advi&s;es, to remember well the re|medy of Scarifying the inner Ankle. Which expe|rience I al&s;o found true about five years ago in a Man, who, after he had been ill of a double Ter|tian, with a <HI>delirium,</HI> afterwards fell into an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> and when no other remedies would doe good, he ra&s;hly, of him&s;elf, ventured on this &s;carifying of the Legs: For Water came out thence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> and he bore it very well; He is now about 70 years old, and lives well, and free from any di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. In our time, at <HI>Padua,</HI> the water ran &s;o abundantly out of two cuts in the Ankle, that the Woman pre&s;ently died: And when bloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 17.</NOTE> the fountain of heat, is &s;ubtracted, &s;ometime a Gan|grene follows.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. If Medicines doe no good, Phy&s;icians u&s;e to have recour&s;e to the remedies propounded by <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and <HI>Aetius,</HI> that is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercuri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">o.</NOTE> to I&s;&s;ues in both Legs near the Ankles, by which, being kept long open, the Water, that would otherwi&s;e, by its weight, fall upon the lower parts, is, in a long time, di&s;|charged. &para; I made I&s;&s;ues in the Legs of an A&s;|citick, below the Knee, whence an incredible quan|tity of yellow Water was voided, and hereby he was cured, yet not neglecting in the mean time re|medies, that were able to &s;trengrhen the Bowels. He kept his I&s;&s;ues for many years, till they dried up of them&s;elves, nor did he die for &s;ome years, but at length it killed him. &para; <HI>Hildanus (ob&s;.</HI> 42.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glandoral|u.</NOTE> <HI>cent.</HI> 6.) being asked, Whether I&s;&s;ues were proper in a Drop&s;ie? <Q>When, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> the inner parts have been a little relieved, and cured by proper re|medies, an I&s;&s;ue may be made in both Legs, in the right Leg at lea&s;t, without any danger; but be|&s;ides, the internal parts will be purged by means thereof from excrementitious humours, to the great advantage of health. But becau&s;e the &s;wel|ling of the Legs &s;eems &s;u&s;pected to the Gentle|man, It will not be ami&s;s, before the I&s;&s;ues be made, to bind the Legs tight, beginning at the foot, and &s;o proceeding to the Knee: Yet be|fore this be done, it is proper to put the Legs in a decoction made of Wormwood, Centaury, <HI>Scordium,</HI> Sage, Betony, wild Marjoram, Ro&s;ema|ry, Juniper-berries, and the like, with Water and Salt, and in the evening e&s;pecially, when he goes to bed. But in the Day-time, e&s;pecially when he goes abroad, and expo&s;es him&s;elf to the open Air, it is be&s;t to apply dry things.</Q> Hitherto <HI>Hil|danus.</HI></P>
<P N="40">XL. Scarification, according to <HI>A&s;clepias</HI> his judg|ment, is propounded onely about the calves of the Legs, near the Ankles; yet he orders it to be deep; that all the water may conveniently be evacuated by degrees. But <HI>Leonides,</HI> as <HI>Aetius</HI> relates, is of the &s;ame mind with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> and approves of Scarifi|cation, not onely about the calves of the Legs, but al&s;o about the Thighs, <HI>Scrotum</HI> and the Arms. <HI>A|lexander Benedictus,</HI> to whom others al&s;o adhere, com|mends the&s;e Scarifications upon the Belly, under
<PB N="302" REF="157"> the Navel, in the &s;ame place, where Tapping is performed. It is confirmed by manifold experience, that the&s;e Scarifications do wonderfully help Hy|dropicks, and the water is got out without lo&s;s of &s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">gth. But as Scarifications of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> and <HI>Scrotum</HI> may be celebrated without danger, &s;o Sca|rifications of the Belly and Thighs, in a great oe|dematous &s;welling and violent cooling of the innate heat are dangerous, and ea&s;ily turn to a Gangrene. It is therefore my advice, when the heat is very languid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> to ab&s;tain from them.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Some advi&s;e the applying of Bli&s;ters to the in&s;ide of the Ankles: But it is &s;afe&s;t to ab&s;tain: 1. Becau&s;e little moi&s;ture is di&s;charged. 2. Pati|ents u&s;ually complain of Pain about the&s;e parts. 3. The Sores cannot be healed up, before a perfect Cure, &s;ince the Ulcers of Hydropicks, 6. <HI>aph.</HI> 8. are in|curable. 4. There is great danger of a Gangrene. <HI>Hil|danus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 48. relates a hi&s;tory of a Gangrene ari&s;ing upon the u&s;e of Bli&s;ters. <HI>Platerus</HI> has al&s;o ob&s;erved that one can &s;carce be prevented, when Bli&s;ters ari&s;e of them&s;elves. <HI>Septalius</HI> rejects them. <HI>C. Pi&s;o, de Morbis &agrave; colluvie &s;ero&s;a,</HI> found the event of them fatal. <HI>Hildanus, cent.</HI> 6. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 43. advi&s;es them.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. I have found by long experience, that Infu|&s;ions or Decoctions made in Wines do operate &s;afer and better than any other forms of Medicines, and that a Drop&s;ie, if it be po&s;&s;ible to be cured, is be&s;t cured with them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. Cly&s;ters for Drop&s;ies mu&s;t have no Oil in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> or onely a very little Oil of Rue.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. <HI>Camerarius,</HI> a Lawyer, lay ill of a dange|rous Drop&s;ie; He begged of <HI>Packi&s;chius</HI> his Phy&s;ician, to let him have &s;ome Herrings; <HI>Packi&s;chius</HI> con&s;en|ted, but on this condition, that he &s;hould take no potulent matter for the &s;pace of two hours after he had eaten them; The Patient obeys; And what then? He at length had occa&s;ion to make water, and made &s;uch a quantity, that he continued ma|king it for almo&s;t a quarter of an hour, and his Bel|ly began &s;en&s;ibly to fall more and more. <HI>D. Bucretius</HI> al&s;o confe&s;&s;ed, that he cured three People of Drop|&s;ies by the continued u&s;e of Herrings onely for &s;e|veral days and weeks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and ordering little drink.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. A Boy 12 years old, hectick, a&s;citick and leprous, laboured of a putrid Fever, he was un|der the care of no ordinary Phy&s;ician: But when his Medicines would doe no good, I am called. We could &s;carce tell where to begin. Be&s;ides, he had a Pain in his Liver. It was our Advice, that he &s;hould eat bread made of Spelt with water of A|&s;hes, &s;ome Fenil-&s;eed and half Wheat-flower. The way of Cure was Juice of Cichory with Powder of Madder and Spike. He came to that pa&s;s, that he made 10 or 12 pounds of Urine in a day, and &s;o he was cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cardanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Remedies that are u&s;ed with mo&s;t benefit near the places affected are Cly&s;ters and Pla&s;ters. The fir&s;t do, without the fu&s;ion of the whole ma&s;s of bloud (which &s;trong Purges do rai&s;e) draw the <HI>Serum</HI> out of the ve&s;&s;els and glands of the Guts and Me&s;entery, which being thereby emptied, do a little imbibe the extrava&s;ated <HI>Lympha.</HI> To this pur|po&s;e the following Cly&s;ter is very good, ina&s;much namely as it both vellicates the inte&s;tinal fibres, and draws the <HI>Serum</HI> imbibed by the bloud, or contai|ned in it before, towards the Kidneys. Take of the Urine of a healthy Man, that drinks Wine, 1 pound, <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentine mixt with the Yelk of an Egg 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> 1 drachm and an half. Make a Cly&s;ter. Let it be repeated every day. Pla&s;ters &s;ometimes doe good in an <HI>A&s;cites;</HI> Yet they mu&s;t be &s;uch as by their re&s;tringent and &s;trengthning virtue, do &s;trengthen and bind the mouths of the ve&s;&s;els, that they may not &s;pue out the &s;ero&s;ities too much. For this purpo&s;e, I often u&s;e to apply <HI>Empla&s;trum Dia&s;aponis</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s to a &s;wollen Belly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. In the u&s;e of Topicks, which are appli|ed to the Belly, we mu&s;t have a care of the Regi|on of the Liver; for oftentimes they are very hot, and the Liver would be overheated by them, and weakned; But that they may doe no hurt, the Re|gion of the Liver mu&s;t be guarded with &s;ome Un|guent, as <HI>Santalinum,</HI> &amp;c.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. The brui&s;ed fle&s;h of Earth-&s;nails, appli|ed to the Belly is very good, with which <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> advi&s;es to mix the Shells: which that it may more conveniently be done, they mu&s;t be reduced to pow|der fir&s;t, and it may ea&s;ily be done, for they are very brittle. But if we would mix the Shells with them, as &s;ome advi&s;e, it is be&s;t fir&s;t to reduce them to A&s;hes, becau&s;e they are not &s;o ea&s;ily powdered. The Slime of Snails al&s;o is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. <HI>Michael Sterpinus,</HI> a famous Chymi&s;t, cured the Drop&s;ie which was much &s;welled, by making a hole in the skin of one Foot, and applying a Seton; for all the water ran and dropt out at it, as by an Alembick. <HI>Era&s;ius</HI> got fir&s;t of all three long Inci&s;i|ons made in the &s;ole of the Foot, that the water might run out; which being done, the Swelling of the Belly fell, and then he u&s;ed his hydragogue Wines. Others make long Scarifications, although the&s;e ways do not want danger. I have found no|thing &s;afer, than to apply E&s;charoticks to the calves of the Legs, and while the water runs out, to pro|vide for a weak Liver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rou&s;nerus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 83.</NOTE> For &s;o I have cured &s;everal of a Drop&s;ie.</P>
<P N="50">L. I have ob&s;erved, it is in vain to give Medicines for a Drop&s;ie, which ari&s;es from an Ague, while the Ague la&s;ts. For you will find the Ague by this means firmer rooted in, and the Drop&s;ie not remo|ved. We mu&s;t tarry therefore till the Ague be gone, and then we mu&s;t make ha&s;te to undertake the bu|&s;ine&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrops Tympanitis,</HI> or, A Tympany.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes it mu&s;t be cured with cooling things. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgatives doe more harm than good. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e things to di&s;cu&s;s Wind mode&s;tly. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nature of Topicks, which doe little good. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It ari&s;es from Wind pent up in the Stomach and Guts. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Tapping. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Gro&s;s Wind is the cau&s;e of this Drop&s;ie, to the generation of which two things are required: Fir&s;t, Gro&s;s Matter, and indeed u&s;ually black Choler: For &s;ince they that have black Cho|ler under the bottom of their Stomach, abound with wind, and &s;ometimes belch much, (yea, of|tentimes the greate&s;t &s;hare of their Food is turned into wind) if the wind be detained, it di&s;tends the Belly, and may make this &s;ort of Drop&s;ie. Nor mu&s;t the cau&s;e of it be &s;ought in the Liver onely, but oftentimes in the fir&s;t ways, according to <HI>A|phor.</HI> 4.11. Secondly, an Efficient, which is recko|ned a weak heat: but it is not &s;imply &s;uch, but onely in re&s;pect to the matter, which it is not able to conquer and di&s;cu&s;s: Yea, oftentimes it is pre|ternatural and great enough, and acts &s;uddenly and violently upon all the matter, and di&s;turbs it, this I reckon is what is u&s;ually done in a Tympany. For if the heat were truly weak, it would not act on the matter, nor would wind be bred. And &s;o an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> and a Tympany differ in re&s;pect of their mat|ter and the efficient: For the matter in a Tympany is more melancholick, and the heat is ro&s;ting and burning. Wherefore al&s;o &s;ometimes we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to cooling Medicines. And <HI>Mercatus</HI> writes, If all the&s;e Remedies (that is, hot things) doe no
<PB N="303" REF="157"> good, we mu&s;t u&s;e <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Advice and Pru|dence, who when he had for &s;everal days u&s;ed hot things in the&s;e Pains, and found no benefit there|by,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> he pa&s;&s;ed to cold things with great benefit.</P>
<P N="2">II. Purges are &s;o far from doing any good in a Tympany, that they rather exa&s;perate it: But Purgatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman|nus.</NOTE> e&s;pecially Mercurial ones, do often remove that which is joined with an <HI>A&s;cites.</HI> &para; Al|mo&s;t the whole intention of Cure is directed again&s;t wind, by evacuating the matter, whence the wind ari&s;es. Wherefore Purges are u&s;ually pre&s;cribed on purpo&s;e, again&s;t the humour mo&s;t &s;u&s;pected with great confidence, though u&s;ually with very little, or with bad &s;ucce&s;s. For this Di&s;ea&s;e (as it ap|pears from my ob&s;ervation) u&s;es almo&s;t always to be exa&s;perated by Purgers, e&s;pecially &s;trong ones, and &s;eldom or never relieved: The rea&s;on where|of is &s;ufficiently evident, becau&s;e when the ner|vous Fibres are irritated by a &s;harp Medicine, the animal &s;pirits re-iterate their irregular excur&s;ions, and &s;till increa&s;e more and more rather than abate: Wherefore although frequent and large watry and windy &s;tools be procured thereby, yet the Belly &s;wells more. But though Medicine be &s;o little able to doe good in this Di&s;ea&s;e, yet it mu&s;t not (as if it did nothing, or onely harm) be wholly neglec|ted, but we &s;hould leave no Stone unturned, &s;ome way or other to help the Patient, that at length a Cure, or at lea&s;t an Alleviation may be obtained. Therefore though &s;trong Purges always doe harm, and gentle ones are &s;carce ever able to carry off the conjunct Cau&s;e: yet the&s;e latter, becau&s;e they a little abate the matter of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and make way for other Medicines to exert their energies more freely, ought to have their place in medical practice; that is, once in 6 or 8 days; and at o|ther times Cly&s;ters (the u&s;e whereof is much more excellent) may be given frequently.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. When the humours are evacuated, and the &s;trength refre&s;hed, we mu&s;t endeavour what we can to di&s;cu&s;s wind, which the following Decocti|on will wonderfully perform. Take of <HI>Album Grae|cum,</HI> whole Barley, each 1 ounce and an half; boil them on a gentle fire in 3 or 4 pounds of French|wine, till the Barley bur&s;t. Then boil the Cola|ture defaecated by re&s;idence to half, then clarifie and aromatize it with a &s;ufficient quantity of Cinna|mon, and &s;weeten it with Sugar. The Do&s;e five drachms thrice aday on an empty Stomach, and he will break wind wonderfully, and the Belly will fall by degrees. But we mu&s;t u&s;e the&s;e things mo|derately, otherwi&s;e they will hurt mo&s;t grievou&s;|ly. A certain Woman, mi&s;erably afflicted with a Tympany, committed her &s;elf to a Phy&s;ician for cure. He being intent upon the di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of wind onely, gave her &s;ome very hot Electuary, without gi|ving her any other Medicine before: She, a little af|ter, found the rumbling of the wind greater, and her gripes more trouble&s;ome, &s;he breathed with more difficulty, and the old &s;welling of her Belly remai|ning, a new one grew, which elevating it &s;elf from the <HI>Cartilago En&s;iformis,</HI> where the fir&s;t terminated, did wonderfully di&s;tend the whole Brea&s;t; and the tumours were parted with a pit between. She di|ed the third day after I was called. I reckon the cau&s;e of the new tumour was the heating and exte|nuating virtue of the Medicine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fienus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Great things are expected from Topicks, be|cau&s;e they are applied to the Di&s;ea&s;e more imme|diately and by contact, and becau&s;e they di&s;&s;olve or di&s;cu&s;s tumours in other parts very well. Yet not all Di&s;&s;olvents, nor indeed &s;uch as doe mo&s;t good in other tumours, are proper here: For hot things, which are held for Di&s;cutients, whether they be u|&s;ed in Fomentation, Liniment, Catapla&s;m or Pla|&s;ter, doe often more harm than good in a Tympa|ny, for they open and dilate the ducts of the Fi|bres, &s;o that they lye more open to the incur&s;ions of &s;pirits, and they al&s;o rarifie the impacted par|ticles, &s;o that when they po&s;&s;e&s;s a larger &s;pace, the inflation and &s;welling are increa&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> &para; While Medicines are taken inwardly, Topicks al&s;o and external applications mu&s;t be carefully applied, not hot and di&s;cutient ones, but things endued with particles of a volatile Salt, and nitrous ones, which namely de&s;troy the combinations of other Salts, and di&s;&s;olve the impactions of the &s;pirits, to which end we propound the things following. If fomentations may be u&s;ed at all, they mu&s;t not be applied too hot. Be&s;ide, they mu&s;t not be made of things, we call carminative, but e&s;pecially of Salts and Minerals. <HI>Cabrolius</HI> (as <HI>Helmont</HI> relates) tells how he cured a Man of four&s;core, who&s;e Belly he fomented twice aday with a <HI>Lixivium</HI> in which Salt, Alume and Sulphur had been boiled; and then he u&s;ed Cow's-dung for a Catapla&s;m.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Wind detained in the Guts and Stomach, and not yet got into the &s;pace of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> does not onely breed Colick pains, but if it be &s;o enclo&s;ed, that, no pa&s;&s;age being open, it lift them up &s;o high, that the whole Belly appears di&s;tended thereby, a certain &s;ort of Tympany may ari&s;e from thence, and may be more frequent, than that which Men commonly take to come of wind bur&s;t out into the Belly. As in tho&s;e who have been thought to be tympanitick, we could find no wind to bur&s;t out of the hollow of the Belly, when cut, nor the Belly &s;ub&s;ide, but the Guts, e&s;pecially the &s;maller, have &s;tarted out &s;o turgid with wind and twi&s;ted, that they could not be thru&s;t back again into the Belly. There is the &s;ame cau&s;e of this Tympany as of an|other.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>Tom.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. When all will doe nothing, and the wind cannot be conquered by Medicines, it would be convenient to perforate the <HI>Abdomen</HI> it &s;elf, with a hollow &s;ilver Pin, to its cavity, made by the <HI>Perito|naeum,</HI> and to make way for the wind with that hol|low in&s;trument, or to get it out with &s;ome more proper in&s;trument.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Dr. <HI>Sydenham</HI>'s Method of curing the Drop&s;ie.</HEAD>
<P>THE true and genuine curative Indications mu&s;t either be directed to the evacuation of the wa|ter contained in the Belly and other parts, or to the &s;trengthning of the bloud, that a new product of it may be prevented. As to evacuation of the <HI>Se|rum,</HI> it concerns us diligently to ob&s;erve, that tho&s;e Catharticks which work either too much or too lit|tle, doe more harm than good: for there is not one purgative Medicine that is not an enemy to Na|ture, and in that very re&s;pect wherein they purge, they in &s;ome mea&s;ure debilitate and hurt the bloud; Wherefore, except they pa&s;s and be expelled the body quickly, while they di&s;turb the filth, which they cannot carry off, and put the bloud into a tu|mult, they increa&s;e the Swelling more. Whenever therefore Hydragogues mu&s;t be u&s;ed, we mu&s;t have a carefull regard to the facility or difficulty, with which the Patient's body is u&s;ed to bear purging; Which can no way be more certainly known, than by diligent enquiry, how Purges taken at other times have wrought. For &s;ince in bodies there is found a certain Idio&s;ynera&s;ie as to the ea&s;ie or diffi|cult operation of Catharticks, he will often endan|ger his Patient's life, who makes the &s;en&s;ible tem|perament of the body his mea&s;ure and rule: When it often happens that they who are of an Athletick habit of body are ea&s;ily wrought upon by gentle Catharticks, whereas, they that are of the contra|ry habit, are &s;carce wrought upon by the &s;tron|ge&s;t. Now, becau&s;e a Drop&s;ie, as I &s;aid before, does above all other Di&s;ea&s;es require a &s;trong and quick Purge; and &s;ince in this Di&s;ea&s;e purging by
<PB N="304" REF="158"> <GAP DESC="foreign">, or by little and little, which does good in &s;ome other Di&s;ea&s;es, mu&s;t by no means be admit|ted (&s;ince this &s;ort of purging does not le&s;&s;en, but increa&s;e the Swelling.) For this rea&s;on, I &s;ay, a Purge a little too &s;trong is to be preferred before one that is too weak, e&s;pecially &s;ince we want not <HI>Laudanum,</HI> which gives a mo&s;t certain and &s;udden check to a <HI>Hypercathar&s;is,</HI> or Over-purging. Be&s;ides, this mu&s;t be diligently ob&s;erved in all Catharticks proper for Hydropicks, that the water mu&s;t be car|ried off with as great celerity as the Patient's &s;trength will bear; that is, he mu&s;t be purged eve|ry day: unle&s;s by rea&s;on of the weakne&s;s of his body or the too violent operation of a preceding Purge one day or two may pa&s;s between: for if purging be not repeated but at long intervals, how large &s;oever the evacuation have been before, we &s;hall give occa&s;ion to the breeding of water a|new in great quantity. There is danger al&s;o le&s;t the water, by long tarrying in the Bowels, infect them with putrefaction. And moreover, which ought not to be &s;lighted, the water put in moti|on by the preceding Catharticks, is more propen&s;e to doe mi&s;chief, than when it lay quiet. For this rea&s;on therefore as well as for others before menti|oned, we mu&s;t quickly &s;atisfie this intention, which re&s;pects the &s;erous matter &s;hut up within, nor mu&s;t we de&s;i&s;t from it, unle&s;s on urgent nece&s;&s;ity, till the whole floud of water be drawn out. This more|over mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that &s;ince it appears from practice, that almo&s;t all hydragogues, out of a particular <HI>genius</HI> they have, if they be given alone, do not an&s;wer our ends in &s;uch as are hard to be wrought upon; and a larger do&s;e of them does not &s;o much purge as di&s;turb the bloud (whereby the Swelling, which ought to have been abated, is in|crea&s;ed.) The&s;e therefore have no other u&s;e in &s;uch bodies, than to quicken gentle Purges, not|with&s;tanding which, in &s;uch as are ea&s;ie to be wrought upon, the&s;e hydragogues work quickly and with great effect. Wherefore in &s;uch as are ea&s;ie to be wrought upon, Syrup of Buckthorn-ber|ry, even alone, purges water plentifully. Which Medicine indeed in &s;uch Per&s;ons, purges water one|ly, and that in great quantity, neither di&s;turbing the bloud, nor making the urine higher coloured, as other Purges doe. This Syrup has onely this inconvenience, that in the working it cau&s;es great thir&s;t. But if it be given to others, who are hard to be wrought on, in a great do&s;e, neither many &s;tools will follow, nor tho&s;e &s;o full of water as they ought. Indeed I well remember (when I was fir&s;t called to cure a Drop&s;ie) that about 27 years ago I was called to a pious, good Woman, one Mrs. <HI>Salt|mar&s;h,</HI> who lived at <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> who&s;e Belly was &s;welled with the Drop&s;ie to an incredible bigne&s;s, than which I never &s;aw a more grievous one. I gave her, as the cu&s;tome was then, an ounce of this Syrup before dinner. It is &s;carce to be belie|ved what a power of water &s;he voided by &s;tool, and that without any di&s;turbance, without any lo&s;s of &s;trength to the Patient. Which encouraged me to give her it every day, unle&s;s that now and then I omitted a day or two, when &s;he appeared any thing weak, and &s;o the water being got out by de|grees, her Belly fell, and &s;he perfectly recovered. I, like a confident, unexperienced young Man, thought I had got a Medicine, wherewith I could cure all Drop&s;ies: but I was convinced of my er|rour within a few weeks. For when I was called to pre&s;cribe Phy&s;ick to another Woman who was ill of the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, which followed a tedious Quartane-Ague, I gave her the &s;ame Syrup; by which often repeated, and the Do&s;e gradually in|crea&s;ed, I irritated the Di&s;ea&s;e; but when I had tri|ed to evacuate the water to no purpo&s;e, no pur|ging following, but the &s;welling of her Belly ra|ther increa&s;ing, &s;he left me off, and, as I remember, recovered her health by the help of another Phy&s;i|cian, who u&s;ed more effectual Remedies. When therefore it is manife&s;t that the Patient is of &s;uch a habit of Body, that gentle Catharticks doe their work neither quickly nor kindly, &s;tronger things mu&s;t be tried. In which ca&s;e it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that though few Hydragogues, if they be given alone, an&s;wer expectation, yet if they be mixt with gentle things, as a quickner, they are very effectual. In &s;uch Bodies, for example &s;ake, I have often pre|&s;cribed the following Potion with &s;ucce&s;s. Take of Tamarinds half an ounce, Leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> 2 drachms, Rheubarb 1 drachm and an half. Boil them in a &s;uffi|cient quantity of Spring-water to 3 ounces. In the Co|lature di&s;&s;olve of <HI>Manna</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive each 1 ounce, Syrup of Buckthorn half an ounce, Electuary of Juice of Ro&s;es 2 drachms. Mix them. Make a Potion. Which Potion neverthele&s;s mu&s;t not be given but to the &s;tronger &s;ort, which pur|ges, when other things are able to doe no good: as I have tried by manifold experience of it. Here follows another Receipt not infrequent with me, which they may very conveniently u&s;e, who hate the repeated u&s;e of other Purgatives; when in pur|ging it both heats the Patient, and &s;trengthens him; For Example; Take of root of Jalap brui&s;ed, Her|modactyls, each half an ounce; crude Scammony 3 drachms, Leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> 2 ounces, &s;craped Li|quorice, Ani&s;eed, Caraway, each half an ounce; Tops of Wormwood, Leaves of Sage, each 1 hand|full. Infu&s;e them cold in four pounds of common <HI>Aqua vitae,</HI> and &s;train it onely at the time of u&s;e. Let him take one &s;poonfull at the hour of &s;leep, and two the next morning, increa&s;ing or dimini&s;hing the Do&s;e according to the operation. But the two chief Me|dicines, in my opinion, are behind; and for &s;uch as are hard to be wrought upon, they are &s;tronger than any of the re&s;t, that I have either enumerated, or yet found. I mean <HI>Elaterium</HI> and an Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum. Elaterium,</HI> or the <HI>Faecula</HI> of wild Cu|cumber, does in a very little quantity exert its vir|tue powerfully in purging the Belly and di&s;char|ging the excrements with the &s;erous and watry hu|mours, &s;o that two grains, to &s;peak in general, is a proper Do&s;e for mo&s;t Bodies. I u&s;e to mix half a &s;cruple of <HI>Pilular. Coch. maj.</HI> which I order to be made into two little Pills, and to be taken in the morning. As for the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum,</HI> an ounce and an half of it (or for tho&s;e that are hard to purge, two ounces) given in the morning and repeated every day according to the Patient's &s;trength, although at fir&s;t blu&s;h it promi&s;e little more, than to carry off the filth lodged in the Sto|mach, yet it will &s;o work, that at length it will ea&s;e the Belly of its load of &s;uperincumbent water. For be&s;ides, that when the Vomiting cea&s;es, it pur|ges downwards, it is altogether nece&s;&s;ary, that &s;ince there is &s;o great an agitation and concu&s;&s;ion of the Stomach and Bowels, after &s;o notable a corrivati|on of water, wherewith they are as it were eve|ry way &s;urrounded, an evacuation of it by pa&s;&s;a|ges not open enough according to the common Law of Nature, mu&s;t follow &s;o violent a &s;training. Neverthele&s;s, if the fore&s;aid Vomitory do not &s;ufficiently purge the lower Belly, I &s;ometimes, though very &s;eldom, add, both Electuary of Juice of Ro&s;es and Syrup of Buckthorn, after the third or fourth Do&s;e of a mere Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum;</HI> for example; Take of <HI>Carduus be|nedictus</HI> water 3 ounces, Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum</HI> 1 ounce and an half, Syrup of Buckthorn half an ounce, Electuary of Juice of Ro&s;es 2 drachms. Mix them. Make a Potion. There is al&s;o another com|mon &s;imple Medicine, which cures the Drop&s;ie the &s;ame way as that whereof we have la&s;t trea|ted, namely, 3 handfulls of the inner rind of El|der &s;craped from the Wood, boiled in 2 pounds of Milk and Water mixt together, to 1 pound. Let one half of this Decoction be taken in the mor|ning, and the other in the evening every day, till
<PB N="305" REF="158"> the Patient be well. This Medicine both vomits and purges like <HI>Crocus metallorum,</HI> and therefore cures the Di&s;ea&s;e the &s;ame way, and not by any &s;pecifick virtue. Wherefore if it perform neither of the&s;e operations, or but moderately and &s;paringly, it does not one jot of good; but when it produces either of them effectually, e&s;pecially if both of them, it conduces wonderfully to the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e. But indeed, which ought &s;eriou&s;ly to be taken notice of, it often happens, that water falls not onely into the Legs and Thighs, but al&s;o into the cavity of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> which neverthele&s;s mu&s;t not be got out by Medicines, either purging up|wards or downwards. For example, when &s;uch a Swelling either follows a tedious Con&s;umption, or ari&s;es from &s;ome decay or putrefaction of the In|wards, or from the tone of the bloud, If I may &s;o &s;ay, being relaxed or de&s;troyed, and from the &s;pirits being utterly exhau&s;ted by &s;ome old <HI>Fi&s;tula's</HI> in the carnous parts, which have voided much <HI>Sani|es,</HI> or from too great debility and evacuation as well of the humours as &s;pirits, which has been brought upon a Man, either by &s;alivation, &s;weating, or too violent purging, and a thin diet in the Cure of the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, u&s;ed more than the ca&s;e required. In the&s;e and other Di&s;ea&s;es which come in this manner, the Patient will not onely not be relieved by purging, but the tone of the bloud be|ing &s;till farther decayed, the Di&s;ea&s;e will be increa|&s;ed. Wherefore, the ca&s;e &s;tanding thus, the whole &s;tre&s;s of the Cure re&s;ts upon the bloud and Inwards being &s;trengthned by all means. Among other things of this nature, be&s;ides &s;trengthning things to be reckoned up hereafter, I am informed by certain experience, that change of the Air, and Exerci&s;e in a free Air, &s;uch as the Patient can bear, does very fitly an&s;wer this Indication; the &s;pirits, that is, being in&s;pired, as it were, with a new life, by the&s;e means, and the excretory Organs minded again of the office incumbent on them. Sometimes al&s;o without any &s;uch cau&s;e, we mu&s;t &s;atisfie this Intention, which re&s;pects evacuating the water, nei|ther with Catharticks nor Emeticks: for whenever the Patient is of a weakly con&s;titution, or a Wo|man very &s;ubject to vapours and ataxies of the ani|mal &s;pirits; it cannot be, that the bu&s;ine&s;s can be done by Catharticks, much le&s;s by Emeticks. Here therefore the evacuation of the water mu&s;t be com|mitted to Diureticks. Of which rank, though ve|ry many be of great fame in the Writings of Phy|&s;icians; yet the mo&s;t effectual are they (not to &s;ay onely they) as I think, which are made of Lixivial Salts: Nor makes it any matter, of what &s;ort of Vegetables the A&s;hes are made. But &s;eeing &s;carce any one Vegetable is more ea&s;ie to be had than Broom, and it is well accounted of in this Di&s;ea&s;e, I u&s;ually order 1 pound of its A&s;hes to be infu&s;ed in 4 pounds of Rheni&s;h-wine cold, adding a pugil or two of Leaves of common Wormwood. I or|der 4 ounces of the Liquour, &s;trained by filtrati|on, to be con&s;tantly drunk by the Patient, in the morning, at five in the afternoon, and at night. By which Remedy alone I have &s;een Drop&s;ies cured which have been reckoned de&s;perate, in &s;uch who&s;e Con&s;titution has been too weak to bear pur|ging.</P>
<P>But when the water (that we may ha&s;ten to the &s;econd Intention) which is the proximate cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e is now wholly evacuated, we are come for the mo&s;t part but half way of the Cure, unle&s;s the weakned bloud, which was the fir&s;t original of the Di&s;ea&s;e, be helped by long and con&s;tant taking of heating and &s;trengthning Medicines, whereby a new product of water may be prevented: For though it may &s;o happen to young People often|times, that when the water is well purged out, they recover without any other Remedy, becau&s;e their natural heat, being then rid of the load and pre&s;&s;ure of the water, may &s;upply the place of the &s;aid Remedies; yet in elder People, or them that have no very &s;ound habit of body, it is alto|gether nece&s;&s;ary, that pre&s;ently, when the evacu|ation of the water is fini&s;hed, they have recour&s;e to the u&s;e of tho&s;e Simples that heat and invigo|rate the bloud. Among which, tho&s;e things I have formerly recommended in the Cure of the Gout, whether they re&s;pect the Remedies them&s;elves, or the &s;ix non-natural things, be&s;ides tho&s;e, which &s;hall afterwards be &s;poken of, are proper (unle&s;s that Wine, from which we mu&s;t wholly ab&s;tain in the Gout, does not onely no harm in the Drop&s;ie, but a great deal of good, if it be u&s;ed for Mens ordinary drink) &s;eeing the&s;e two Di&s;ea&s;es agree in this, that the &s;ame &s;trengthning Medicines oppo&s;e the origi|nal cau&s;e of either of them. Moreover to &s;atisfie this intention, of which we are now treating, namely, the &s;trengthning of the bloud, whether the evacuation of the water be procured, as before, by a Diuretick, a Purge, or a Vomit, it is altoge|ther nece&s;&s;ary that the Patient, as much as the ca&s;e requires, be obliged to drink Wine, while he is under Cure (&s;o he begin not to drink Wine, before the pa&s;&s;ages be a little opened, and way made for the water) or at lea&s;t &s;trong Beer in&s;tead of Wine; &s;eeing all thin and cooling Liquours, how plea&s;ant &s;oever they be to the Palate, which is ever in a manner thir&s;ty in this Di&s;ea&s;e, do make the Patient more phlegmatick and augment the water: the&s;e therefore mu&s;t &s;eldom or never be allowed. And on the contrary, generous Liquours, &s;o they be not di&s;tilled &s;pirits, promote health &s;o far, that &s;ometimes they alone re&s;tore it when lo&s;t; as in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, before the Belly be much &s;tretched with water; e&s;pecially if they be impregnated with heating and &s;trengthning Herbs. For the poorer &s;ort, who&s;e Pur&s;e will not afford better Medicines, &s;trong Beer, in which a &s;uffici|ent quantity of root of Hor&s;e-radi&s;h, Leaves of common Wormwood, garden Scurvigra&s;s, le&s;&s;er Centaury, and tops of Broom have been &s;teeped, is by my Advice u&s;ed for their ordinary drink, and may &s;erve in&s;tead of all. For the richer &s;ort, <HI>Cana|ry</HI> Wine may be impregnated with the &s;ame bitter Herbs, a draught of which may be taken twice or thrice a-day among the forementioned Medicines. Or if this plea&s;e not the Palate &s;o well, Worm|wood-wine may be drunk in its &s;tead, of which the Patient may take nine &s;poonfulls after taking two drachms of the dige&s;tive Electuary (de&s;cribed <HI>Tit. de Arthritide,</HI> Book I.) at Medicinal hours, that is, morning, four in the afternoon, and night. This Electuary far &s;urpa&s;&s;es any other &s;trengthning Medicine, in &s;atisfying this Intention. But here it is of great moment, that the Patient drink &s;paring|ly of any &s;mall Liquours; &s;eeing all of them, what|ever they be, give increa&s;e to the water; &s;o that wholly ab&s;taining from drink has cured &s;ome: And therefore, if the Patient mu&s;t &s;ometimes be indul|ged the&s;e Liquours, he mu&s;t drink them very &s;pa|ringly. Notwith&s;tanding, becau&s;e this Di&s;ea&s;e is accompanied with great thir&s;t, which ab&s;taining from &s;mall drink does increa&s;e, it will be proper for the Patient to wa&s;h his mouth often with cold water, &s;harpned with &s;pirit of Vitriol, or let him keep &s;ome Tamarinds in his mouth, or chew Le|mon, but &s;wallow neither of them, becau&s;e of their Coldne&s;s, which is not &s;o proper for the Di&s;|ea&s;e. But among &s;trengthners Steel in the Cure of a Drop&s;ie beginning de&s;erves not the la&s;t place; for it invigorates and heats the bloud. Which is the rea&s;on why Garlick is &s;o good in this ca&s;e; for I have known a Drop&s;ie cured with it onely, omit|ting Evacuaters, by other Mens Pre&s;cription, not mine. For it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that the Drop&s;ie, which has onely &s;welled the Feet, or the Belly al|&s;o, but moderately, does not pre&s;ently require a Cure by Emeticks and Catharticks; but often gives way to the&s;e &s;aid heating and &s;trengthning Liquours.
<PB N="306" REF="159"> But above all things it mu&s;t be &s;eriou&s;ly ob&s;erved, that whenever we &s;et upon this Di&s;ea&s;e onely with &s;trengthners, or Lixivials al&s;o, the Patient mu&s;t by no means be purged, either with a gentle or &s;trong Purge, &s;o long as we are endeavouring to &s;trengthen the Bloud. For a Purge will pull down what a &s;trengthner has built up; which every one mu&s;t be forced to acknowledge, who has ob&s;erved, that the Swelling, which by the u&s;e of &s;trengthners be|gan to abate, does pre&s;ently increa&s;e after Purg|ing. For although, when we de&s;ire to &s;atisfie the intention of getting out the Water, it would not be ami&s;s al&s;o now and then to give &s;trengthners; yet when our whole bu&s;ine&s;s is to &s;trengthen the bloud, it is altogether nece&s;&s;ary to ab&s;tain from Ca|tharticks. It is to be ob&s;erved al&s;o, that the Pati|ent is not always cured, though we &s;atisfie both Indications, that is, though the water gathered in the Belly be wholly got out, and Heaters and Strengthners al&s;o be given afterwards, to prevent a new product of Water. For it often happens, that an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> which has la&s;ted many years, by the long incubation of the Water upon the Inwards, has perverted, and as it were perboiled their &s;ub|&s;tance: And has utterly corrupted both the Bow|els them&s;elves, and the neighbouring parts, breed|ing preternatural Glands, and Bladders turgid with <HI>Sanies,</HI> and turning all things, contained within the cavity of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> into a kind of putrilage; as Di&s;&s;ection of Bodies of &s;uch as have died of an in|veterate Drop&s;ie, has made manife&s;t. When the Di&s;ea&s;e is arrived at this height, it contemns all the helps of Art, as far as I &s;ee. Neverthele&s;s, it is the Phy&s;icians duty, &s;ince he cannot certainly know what harm is done to the Inwards as yet, to endea|vour the cure by all means, by Evacuating, as well as Strengthning Medicines: And he mu&s;t neither be di&s;couraged, nor mu&s;t he di&s;courage his Patient. We mu&s;t endeavour to doe this,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham.</HI> Tract. de Hy|drope.</NOTE> for this rea&s;on e&s;pecially, becau&s;e in many Di&s;ea&s;es, when the matter of them is di&s;charged, Nature, who watches and provides for our good day and night, does won|derfully endeavour of her &s;elf to guard and defend the Patient from the pernicious relicks of this di|&s;ea&s;e. Wherefore, every <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> how inveterate &s;oe|ver, and how much mi&s;chief &s;oever it hath done to the Bowels, mu&s;t be treated in no other manner, than as if it were ju&s;t begun. <HI>(What he &s;ays of Ex|ternal Remedies, you have more at large in other Authours, pa&s;&s;ages out of whom you may reade before.)</HI></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE>1. A &s;poonfull of burnt Cow's-dung taken in a pint of Wine every day, is very good.</P>
<P N="2"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE>2. A Toad &s;plit, and applied to the Kidneys of one in a Drop&s;ie, wonderfully voids the Water by Urine. &para; One Man in&s;en&s;ibly wa&s;ts the Water of Hydropicks by a &s;ecret remedy, by applying the Stone of a Water-Snake to the Belly.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE>3. The fle&s;h of a dried Hedge-hog does peculi|arly help this di&s;ea&s;e, if it be beaten and drunk in old Wine; 2 drachms of it mu&s;t be taken every day.</P>
<P N="4">4. A Woman was cured with this decoction one|ly, called <HI>Syrupus S. Ambro&s;ii.</HI> It is made thus. Take of Millet excorticated 2 drachms, Spring-water 2 pounds, Boil them till onely 5 ounces remain. Strain it. Put as much White-wine to it. Give it hot to one in a Drop&s;ie. She was well recovered, and &s;he &s;weat plentifully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and &s;he took it 8 days.</P>
<P N="5">5. I have experienced, that the juice of <HI>Iris,</HI> crude, not boiled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gordonius.</NOTE> cures any Drop&s;ie, which is curable by humane help.</P>
<P N="6">6. Mullein is a &s;pecifick herb for a Tympany, 1 &s;cruple whereof, with a decoction of Seed and Root of Fenil expells Wind egregiou&s;ly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hypercathar&s;is,</HI> or over-purging. Its prevention and Cure.</HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Hypercathar&s;is</HI> comes, when the Purgative being di&s;proportionate in quality or quantity, works more violently or longer than it &s;hould, both as by too much irritating the nervous fibres, it drives the animal &s;pirits into excande&s;cencies, not ea&s;ily ap|pea&s;ed, and as it in a manner melts the bloud and humours, &s;o that what is &s;eparated from them, being di&s;charged into the cavity of the bowels, makes the excretory irritations yet greater. The therapeutick method re&s;pects both the prevention and cure; as to the fir&s;t (before Phy&s;ick) there is need of great con&s;ideration, and care in the ope|ration of it, and after it: For fir&s;t of all, we mu&s;t well con&s;ider, both the con&s;titution of the body to be purged, the &s;trength and cu&s;tome, and the na|ture of the Medicine to be given, its do&s;e, manner of operation, and the ordinary effects; then com|paring things together, we mu&s;t proportionate the virtue of the agent according to the tolerance of the Patient. 2. While the Phy&s;ick works, the parts for concoction, the bloud and animal &s;pirits, mu&s;t be kept free from any other perturbation. Wherefore, at this time, neither gro&s;s, vi&s;cous, nor much food, which mole&s;ts the Stomach, mu&s;t be gi|ven. The meeting with the external Cold, where|by the pores of the body may be &s;topt, mu&s;t care|fully be avoided; finally, the mind mu&s;t be kept quiet and &s;erene, void of care and of &s;everer &s;tu|dies. 3. When the Phy&s;ick has done working, both the excande&s;cence of the animal &s;pirits, and the efferve&s;cence of the bloud and humours mu&s;t be quieted, to which ends an Anodyne Medicine, or a gentle Hypnotick mu&s;t be given; but if omitting, or notwith&s;tanding this care, a <HI>Hypercathar&s;is</HI> follow Purging, the Patient mu&s;t pre&s;ently be put in bed, and be thus treated. Fir&s;t of all, let a Pla&s;ter of Treacle, or a &s;omentation with Flanel, dipt in a decoction of Wormwood, Mint and Spices hot, and wrung out, be applied to the region of the Sto|mach, and the whole <HI>Epiga&s;trium:</HI> Then let him pre|&s;ently either take a <HI>Bolus</HI> of <HI>Theriaca Andromachi,</HI> or a &s;olution of it made in Cinnamon water: Then a lit|tle Burnt-wine, diluted with Mint water, mu&s;t be given frequently by &s;poonfulls. If Griping be trouble&s;ome, a Cly&s;ter may be given of warm Milk, with Treacle di&s;&s;olved therein: In the mean time warm Frictions, and &s;ometimes Ligatures, mu&s;t be u&s;ed to the external Limbs, whereby the bloud may be called outwards, and be kept from too great colliquation, and effu&s;ion, into the cavity of the Bowels. Then in the evening, if the &s;trength be good, and the Pul&s;e &s;trong enough, a do&s;e ei|ther of <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> or liquid <HI>Laudanum,</HI> may be ta|ken in &s;ome proper Vehicle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hypochondriaca Affectio,</HI> or, The Hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e. (See <HI>Melancholia,</HI> BOOK XI.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether opening of the Haemorrhoid Ve&s;&s;els be proper? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nece&s;&s;ity of preparing the humour. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Preparatives mu&s;t be different, according to the Humour, and the part affected. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his preparation. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The order to be ob&s;erved in preparation. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweats and Acids doe harm in the preparation. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="307" REF="159">
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be different, according to the difference of the Cru|dity. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t u&s;e gentle, and when &s;trong Aperients? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long on preparatives. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Vinegar may be admitted? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines of Tartar &s;ometimes doe harm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge one way in an Acid, another way in a nidorous crudity. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be purged, who&s;e innate heat of the Stomach is weak. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes we mu&s;t purge violently, &s;ometimes gently. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Women bear &s;trong Purges. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Detergents mu&s;t be given after &s;trong Purges. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of Antimony in conquering a rebellious one. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Purgatives are not alike proper. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Cly&s;ters. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes Suppo&s;itories are to be preferred before them. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Vomits are proper? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging mu&s;t precede it. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters be proper? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Taking of Chalybeates is beneficial. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Better than <HI>Bath</HI>-Waters. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t ab&s;tain in the beginning from &s;trong Diureticks. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are good in a &s;plenitick Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to the inner parts. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether A&s;&s;es Milk be convenient? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in taking it. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the rumbling of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> hinder the u&s;e of it? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Whey may conveniently be taken? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Spiritus Vitrioli Martis</HI> is good. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> is good. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> be u&s;efull? <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> does good. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Volatile Salts, when there is a &s;en&s;e of Strang|ling. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Capers. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wind mu&s;t not be di&s;&s;ipated with hot things. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t help hurt Concoction? <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Stomach mu&s;t not be &s;trengthned by Applications. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Fomentations. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;efulne&s;s of Baths. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sulphureous ones &s;ometimes doe harm. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Anointing the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> u&s;ele&s;s and hurtfull. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what caution Stoves may be u&s;ed? <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Loo&s;ne&s;s, coming upon the u&s;e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> Aperients. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Crocus Martis</HI> &s;ometimes cau&s;es Belching. <HI>X<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emul&s;ions doe little good. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the efferve&s;cence of the Humours, which is the cau&s;e of ma|ny Symptoms, may be checkt? <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cau&s;es and cure of a &s;en&s;e of Suffocation and Strangling. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of difficulty of breathing. <HI>LII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SEeing the humours, the cau&s;e of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, lodge in the branches of the <HI>Porta,</HI> if they could be opened in the &s;ame manner, as the branches of the <HI>Cava</HI> may be any where, the vitious humours might be conveniently evacuated by them together with the bloud: But there is no &s;uch con|venience, nor does any branch of the <HI>Porta</HI> reach to the extreme parts of the body, except the haemor|rhoidal branch, which reaches to the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rec|tum.</HI> Therefore if this be opened, it cures this di|&s;ea&s;e mo&s;t happily, becau&s;e it evacuates the vitious humours gathered in the branches of the <HI>Porta:</HI> But this &s;carce ever happens &s;ucce&s;sfully, unle&s;s Nature opens the&s;e haemorrhoids of her own accord, or thru&s;t out the humours thither, and be accu&s;tomed to evacuate the vitious humours that way. For if this &s;hould not be done, but the external haemor|rhoids &s;hould be opened by Art, then that which <HI>Rio|lanus</HI> takes notice of, happens, and the bloud that of|fends in the <HI>Porta</HI> is not evacuated, but the good bloud out of the <HI>Cava,</HI> which offends not. And the internal Haemorrhoids, if it can conveniently be done, may be opened even in tho&s;e, in whom they never ran nor &s;welled, that the vitious humours la|tent thereabout, may be evacuated by them, and that Nature may accu&s;tome her &s;elf to evacuate the vitious bloud this way, which oftentimes, even of her own accord, u&s;es to evacuate the vitious hu|mours, gathered in the branches of the <HI>Porta,</HI> to the Patient's great benefit. But though we ac|knowledge the difference of the Haemorrhoid veins, laid down by the mo&s;t learned Men, that is, that the Internal ari&s;e from the <HI>Porta,</HI> and the External from the <HI>Cava;</HI> And though we admit al&s;o, that they cannot conveniently be opened, for evacuating of the melancholick humour, except they be opened &s;pontaneou&s;ly by Nature; yet we think, that even by the External haemorrhoids, black, and other bad humours may be evacuated, which are gather|ed about the Spleen and Liver. For &s;ince the An|cients were not ignorant of the&s;e veins, as having them obvious before their Eyes, and having often burnt them, and in the mean time they affirm, that the &s;eculent matter of the Liver, black Cho|ler, is evacuated by the Haemorrhoids, that the Hae|morrhoids are the be&s;t remedy for melancholy, and good for them that are troubled with black Cho|ler, that they cure a hardned Spleen; hence it ea&s;ily appears, that Experience taught them, that black, and other bad humours, gathered about the Spleen and Liver, in the branches of the <HI>vena porta,</HI> are evacuated by them. And that it is &s;o, eve|ry one that plea&s;es may ob&s;erve daily in his prac|tice: For if he inquire into them, that find benefit by the Haemorrhoids, he will find they are all Hy|pochondriack. If moreover it be inquired, whether Haemorrhoids run, the Internal or External? He will under&s;tand that in mo&s;t the external do run, and do al&s;o benefit Hypochondriack Patients, but that the Internal are &s;eldom opened, and there|fore that not onely a <HI>Plethora,</HI> but al&s;o a Cacochy|mie and vitious humours are evacuated by them. And although &s;ometimes al&s;o &s;ome thin humours, and red bloud &s;eem to be evacuated by them, yet it is not pure, but &s;erous and &s;alt, and an Ichor al|&s;o runs without any bloud. But not onely gro&s;s and black humours are gathered in the branches of the <HI>Porta,</HI> but al&s;o oftentimes &s;erous and &s;alt ones. And although the Internal and External Haemor|rhoids have their ri&s;e from different Veins, yet be|cau&s;e they are in&s;erted into the &s;ame <HI>Inte&s;tinum rec|tum,</HI> that there is &s;ome communication of the&s;e Ve&s;|&s;els, and that their mouths meet one another, and that vitious humours are communicated from the Internal to the External Haemorrhoids, and di&s;charg|ed by them, the thing it &s;elf, and what daily be|falls Patients, &s;peaks, &s;ince we &s;ee, that even the running of the External Haemorrhoids does much good to tho&s;e that are ill of Hypochondriack Di|&s;ea&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Though the melancholick and adu&s;t humour, which is the mo&s;t ob&s;tinate, be infected with no pu|trefaction, nor ea&s;ily take it, and therefore is not &s;o fit for concoction; yet it is no le&s;s exa&s;perated, and made more earthy and gro&s;s, and therefore ren|dred no le&s;s unfit for exclu&s;ion and concoction, than a <HI>Cancer</HI> is by dige&s;tive and ab&s;ter&s;ive remedies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> ap|plied &s;ini&s;trou&s;ly and ami&s;s.</P>
<P N="3">III. Preparation is performed by Attenuants and Aperients; yet without any great heating or dry|ing, becau&s;e, for the mo&s;t part, there is a certain heat and drine&s;s of the me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">araick ve&s;&s;els, and the&s;e parts, and all near the lower orifice of the Stomach, have &s;omething like an Inflammation in them. In which ca&s;e they offend, who having regard one|ly to Wind, with which Hypochondriacks a|bound, do u&s;e hot and dry Medicines, whereby the Di&s;ea&s;e is rather exa&s;perated. Nor on the con|trary are coolers and moi&s;tners without &s;ome open|ing convenient, &s;eeing it is always proper to re|move the Ob&s;tructions, which are in tho&s;e parts. Yet where much watry matter is mixt, hot things
<PB N="308" REF="160"> mu&s;t not be omitted. And &s;o, as the condition of the humour is various in this Di&s;ea&s;e, and according as this or the other part is mo&s;t hurt, &s;o the cure requires one while hot things, another while not &s;o hot, or even moderately cooling and moi&s;tning, all which things neverthele&s;s mu&s;t be opening and at|tenuant.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; There are two principal ca&s;es of Sick per&s;ons, whereto magi&s;tral remedies mu&s;t be ac|commodated, according to their &s;trength and qua|lity. Namely, either the bloud is thick and cold, and earthy, with an ob&s;tructed Spleen, which re|quires hot fermenting Medicines, and e&s;pecially Chalybeates; Or the Bloud being plainly adu&s;t and hot, ferments above mea&s;ure, and the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> do al&s;o ae&s;tuate very much, and the bloud and va|pours boil up in them, in which &s;tate onely tem|perate and quieting Medicines are indicated, which may &s;top the immoderate fermentation of the hu|mours, where Chalybeates mu&s;t altogether be a|voided.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. The alteration of the peccant humours will be various, both according to the variety of the humour, and according to the fault of every hu|mour. The humour is both pituitous and bilious. The pituitous offends e&s;pecially, when its acidity or vi&s;cidity is increa&s;ed. The augmented acidity of the pituitous humour will be corrected fir&s;t of all with a lixivious Salt, and with all things endu|ed with a lixivious Salt; Such, as all Salt extract|ed out of the A&s;hes of Plants, as al&s;o Coral, Pearl, Crabs eyes, filings of Steel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For while, by the means of the&s;e things, an efferve&s;cence is made with the Acid Phlegm, the Acid humour is coagu|lated with them. But becau&s;e an exce&s;&s;ive effer|ve&s;cence is urgent in this Di&s;ea&s;e, which cau&s;es ma|ny Symptoms, we mu&s;t have a great care, le&s;t it be irritated, rather than checkt and amended, by taking things that produce a new efferve&s;cence, which will be done, by u&s;ing fir&s;t of all the&s;e things, by which an Acid Spirit is rather concentred than coagulated, &s;uch as Chalk, next to which are Crabs-eyes, Coral and filings of Steel. But if any one have a mind to u&s;e a lixivial Salt, that efferve&s;cence may be made the le&s;s by it, let him temper it fir&s;t by other means, that is, by &s;ome volatile Spirit or Oil: Wherefore <HI>Venice</HI> and common Soap are of great virtue in checking the efferve&s;cence. When|ever the pituitous humour offends in vi&s;cidity, then it mu&s;t be incided and attenuated with acid and gummous things, as the humour gives way to the one, rather than the other; which it is ea&s;ie to ex|perience or try: Yea, it is the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician, not to think he knows all things; For it is the part of a prudent Man not to begin ra&s;hly, but when he has ob&s;erved, in dubious ca&s;es, by what the Patient is chiefly holpen, he may proceed couragiou&s;ly: Therefore, when by gentle proce|dure a remedy is found, by means whereof e&s;peci|ally the Patient is relieved, then we may proceed more cheerfully in the u&s;e of it. And divers Gums occur very convenient in this ca&s;e, <HI>Galbanum, Sagape|num,</HI> Ammoniack, <HI>Opoponax,</HI> and the like; all, or each of which may be u&s;ed according as there &s;hall be oc|ca&s;ion, and e&s;pecially in form of Pills. Among Acids, which may al&s;o be given, there occur divers Spirits prepared by Art, of Salt, Nitre, Vitriol, Sulphur, and al&s;o Wine-vinegar di&s;tilled, and &s;ometimes not di&s;tilled; wherein, if the bulb of a Squill be infu|&s;ed, it is called Vinegar of Squills, and is an excel|lent Medicine in this and the like di&s;ea&s;es, ari&s;ing from vi&s;cid Phlegm. The&s;e things al&s;o are good for correcting of vi&s;cid Phlegm, Ma&s;tick, Amber, and the volatile Salt made of it, as al&s;o the &s;ublimated Salt of Hart&s;horn, Ca&s;tor, Myrrhe; moreover Steel prepared the common way, or Vitriol of it, with which, &s;ome Mens opening Pills are prepared. Eve|ry volatile Salt conduces, above all things, to correct and amend the vi&s;cid Phlegm, which has a virtue of reducing that humour in&s;en&s;ibly to a mediocri|ty. Wherefore I recommend to all the preparati|on and u&s;e of &s;uch Salts, whether they be prepared in a dry form, or in a moi&s;t. In the mean time this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that volatile Salts, prepared in a dry form, when they are very &s;ubtile, can &s;carce be kept, but do ea&s;ily turn to Air; it is better there|fore to prepare them in a moi&s;t form, or at lea&s;t to keep them for u&s;e, di&s;&s;olved in moi&s;t and watry things. The bilious humour offends e&s;pecially by rea&s;on of a fixt lixivious Salt, which will be amend|ed and tempered mo&s;t powerfully by Acids: But becau&s;e then at the &s;ame time an Efferve&s;cence is rai&s;ed, by rea&s;on whereof this Hypochondriack di|&s;ea&s;e is produced, it &s;eems not &s;o &s;afe or conveni|ent to make u&s;e of Acids, unle&s;s they be tempered with a volatile Spirit, by means whereof the violence of the Acid Spirit is not a little infringed, &s;o that a le&s;s efferve&s;cence is cau&s;ed thereby. For the contempering al&s;o of lixivial Salts, Acids mixt with oily things may be made u&s;e of, for all &s;harp things, as well Saline as Acid, are tempered with fat things. In the mean time we mu&s;t have a care of oily Acids; when, be&s;ides a lixivial Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> Oil abounds in the bile; which e&s;pecially is evident by a greater heat and febrile burning in the Body.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Lenitive being premi&s;ed, the fir&s;t prepa|rative mu&s;t be <HI>Julapium Aceto&s;um</HI> about three ounces, with half an ounce of Creme of Tartar finely pow|dered; for they may well be mixt together. When five days are over, again a Lenitive mu&s;t be repeat|ed, drinking upon it two pounds, either of clarifi|ed Whey, or Barley-water. Then we mu&s;t proceed to open ob&s;tructions, and prepare the humours lodg|ed in the veins. To which purpo&s;e aperient and mundifying juices clarified may be pre&s;cribed, &s;ince Medicines made with Honey or Sugar are good for few Hypochondriacks; Thus the clarified juices of Borage, Cichory, Endive, Mallows, Hops and <HI>Cete|rach,</HI> may be given the next day after the Phy&s;ick, and the next day after that half a drachm of Rheu|barb mixt with two drachms of <HI>Flos Ca&s;&s;iae</HI> may be gi|ven, after which a full Gla&s;s of Cichory and Agri|mony-water may be drunk. Then the day after the juices may be repeated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 28. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and &s;o alternately the Rheu|barb and the juices may be taken.</P>
<P N="6">VI. For a &s;ucce&s;sfull and more accurate prepara|tion, I am willing to ab&s;tain from &s;weet Syrups made of Sugar and Honey, as al&s;o from very &s;ower things, &s;ince they puff up the bowels, and increa&s;e the heat, and the&s;e cau&s;e a fermentation in the hu|mours. Wherefore clarified juices of Borage, En|dive, &s;weet Apples, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mu&s;t be given to about three ounces, in Broth altered with Mallow, Borage,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> Ci|chory, root of Cinquefoil, Cichory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. In the u&s;e of Preparatives we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether an Acid or a Nidorous crudity be more trouble&s;ome to the Patient, and conduce to this evil: for although it may be bred of either, yet, as the accidents vary, according to the one or the other, &s;o al&s;o the way of cure varies. For in an Acid crudity we may u&s;e hot things: but in a Ni|dorous one, and where great inflammation is, we mu&s;t u&s;e temperate ones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterate, gentle Aperi|ents can doe but little good; yet they mu&s;t be gi|ven fir&s;t. For experience has taught, that the&s;e A|perients (Creme of Tartar, <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum, Vinum Martiale, Pulvis cachecticus</HI>) have qualified the Di&s;ea&s;e, but could never eradicate it. The ca&s;e is the &s;ame in medical Waters: For, u&s;ed once a year, they open the Inwards a little, but do not take a|way the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf. It is nece&s;&s;ary therefore, that again&s;t an inveterate Hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e &s;uch things be u&s;ed, as may pluck up the Di&s;ea&s;e by the root, &s;uch as <HI>Aqua Philo&s;ophica,</HI> or <HI>Spiritus Vini Tar|tari&s;atus,</HI> if in &s;ome convenient liquour it be &s;o gi|ven, as to begin with the lea&s;t and to a&s;cend to the highe&s;t drop, from one drop to twelve, and accor|ding to the precedent circum&s;tances we mu&s;t conti|nue
<PB N="309" REF="160"> a while in one do&s;e, and we mu&s;t add now a drop,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus</NOTE> and then a drop to it.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Preparation by Syrups and di&s;tilled waters, while the humours are attenuated, and run to the parts ob&s;tructed, makes the Ob&s;tructions daily wor&s;e: for they tire the Patients and Nature too much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> they hurt the Stomach grievou&s;ly, and ma|nife&s;tly de&s;troy concoction.</P>
<P N="10">X. Vinegar may be u&s;ed, but it mu&s;t be &s;paring|ly, and onely for reli&s;h-&s;ake; and rea&s;on tells us, it mu&s;t be u&s;ed in cholerick, rather than in pitui|tous per&s;ons, le&s;t the exuberant melancholick juice be fermented with the exce&s;&s;ive &s;owrene&s;s, and the &s;welling of the Spleen be increa&s;ed, or way be made for &s;owre Belching.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Creme and Cry&s;tals of Tartar, and <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> are &s;o common now adays, that &s;everal &s;carce pre&s;cribe any Medicines wherein &s;ome one of the&s;e is not put; yea, <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> is cal|led by <HI>Crollius, &V;niver&s;ale Dige&s;tivum:</HI> And I acknow|ledge indeed, that Medicines made of Tartar have a great virtue in inciding and attenuating melan|cholick humours, and therefore in opening ob&s;truc|tions. But &s;eeing it often happens, that in a Hy|pochondriack affection there are found black cho|ler, humours &s;alt and bitter, and that are very &s;owre, and &s;uch as contain in them the &s;eminaries of fire as it were, certainly <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum,</HI> and &s;uch &s;harp Medicines cannot be proper for &s;uch hu|mours, &s;eeing they do not take off their Acrimony; but &s;uch things &s;hould rather be u&s;ed, as temper the bad qualities of &s;uch humours, and contrary quali|ties mu&s;t needs be oppo&s;ed to their contraries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. In Purging: If there be an Acid crudity, and any pituitous or vi&s;cid humour be mixt with it, pretty &s;trong things, and &s;uch al&s;o as purge Phlegm, as Agarick, <HI>Turbith, Species Diaturbith, Epi&s;copi,</HI> and the like, may be u&s;ed. But on this condition, that the Patients fa&s;t not above two or three hours after they have taken the Phy&s;ick, le&s;t the virtue of the &s;trong Medicine reach to parts beyond the Liver and Spleen, but it mu&s;t evacuate onely what is a|bout the Stomach, Liver and Spleen. But if there has been a nidorous crudity, we mu&s;t u&s;e gentle things, as <HI>Manna,</HI> Syrup of Ro&s;es, or Violets &s;olu|tive, Rheubarb, leaves of <HI>Senna,</HI> and le&s;t the heat of the bowels &s;hould any way be increa&s;ed by taking of Phy&s;ick, it is good after taking the Purge, a lit|tle before Meat, to take a good draught of Whey or Po&s;&s;et drink, which both purges and clean&s;es, and tempers the heat in the Bowels.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. If crude cold humours be bred in the Sto|mach, onely through defect of the innate heat, as it happens to Scholars, and &s;uch as are too much given to &s;tudy (then their Belching and Wind are neither &s;owre nor nidorous) we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from frequent Purgings, becau&s;e the innate heat is far|ther debilitated by them: But the innate heat mu&s;t be increa&s;ed and cheri&s;hed, and a good Diet mu&s;t be ordered. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e have its ri&s;e from cold cau&s;es, and be accompanied with a cold humour, and an Acid cruditity, we mu&s;t Purge fre|quently; for the crude humours are not ea&s;ily eva|cuated at one time. So, if &s;ome adu&s;t humours be bred of a great heat in the Bowels, and if they be fed by that, we mu&s;t wholly ab&s;tain from violent things, which increa&s;e that intemperature: But if the humour be thick, and the hot intemperature of the Bowels le&s;s, &s;trong Medicines may more &s;afely be u&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. When the humour to be purged comes from a large &s;tock of Bloud, abundance of Heat, and from the hot intemperature of &s;ome part, no Man need doubt, but the Patients will be di&s;turb|ed beyond mea&s;ure, and thereby the melancholick juice will intolerably be increa&s;ed. In which ca&s;e gentle Purgatives are preferred before all others, and indeed taken in &s;uch a quantity, as may plenti|fully di&s;charge the humours without too much agi|tation, and may be &s;ufficient to cut off the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. But if a gro&s;s and terrene humour a|lone cau&s;e an efferve&s;cence, the nature of the hu|mour requires &s;tronger Purges, which are apt nei|ther to wa&s;te the &s;trength, nor di&s;turb the body too much. Therefore they mu&s;t be given in a le&s;s do&s;e, and be often repeated. Finally, when the Body is con&s;uming, and the &s;trength is in a great mea&s;ure &s;pent by the &s;everity of the Symptoms, and when an enormous adu&s;tion and drine&s;s is con|tracted in the humours, then we may well u&s;e gen|tle Purgatives, yet more plentifully than in the fir&s;t ca&s;e, but on this condition, that the lea&s;t occa&s;ion may not be given to the agitation of the humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. In this ca&s;e Women bear the &s;tronge&s;t Me|dicines, becau&s;e their Inwards and their Stomach are pre&s;ently &s;o vitiated, that they plentifully abound with gro&s;s vi&s;cid Excrements, mixt with a Melan|cholick humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. After taking of &s;trong Purges, le&s;t the parts of the Medicines, cleaving to the coats of the Sto|mach, &s;hould cau&s;e ero&s;ion, or a long flux of the bel|ly; before meal let a decoction of Barley be gi|ven, made with Water, not with fle&s;h broth, ad|ding &s;ome Sugar, or broth of Pea&s;e, or of black Vetches. And for the &s;trengthning and deter&s;ion of the mouth of the Stomach, let &s;ome Pti&s;an be gi|ven, to them e&s;pecially, who are inclined to Vomit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and let &s;leep be indulged a little.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Antimony helps all Di&s;ea&s;es in general, which black choler has cau&s;ed, and them e&s;pecially which have an inflammation in their <HI>Hypochondria.</HI> Indeed I &s;aw at <HI>Prague</HI> a Pari&s;h Prie&s;t, who became Melancholick and doated. He had ten grains of <HI>Stibium</HI> given him, which a little after carried off abundance of black choler by &s;tool, wherewith were mixt, as it were, pieces of fle&s;h, which look|ed like <HI>Varices</HI> cut into pieces: for the&s;e excre|ments looked rather like bloud than any other hu|mour. This did him &s;o much good, that the next day he &s;eemed to have recovered his under&s;tand|ing: And becau&s;e he was of a &s;trong body and good courage, no wonder if he ea&s;ily bore &s;o great a quantity of Phy&s;ick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Matthiol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> But the <HI>Stibium</HI> mu&s;t be well prepared.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The humours that are not to be amend|ed by Alteration, and are exuberant, mu&s;t be car|ried off by convenient ways, and e&s;pecially by &s;tool, as a way more proper and ea&s;ie to Nature; &s;eldom by Vomit, unle&s;s the peccant humours can|not be carried downwards, or do affect a way upwards. Divers things evacuate the pituitous hu|mour downwards, among which <HI>Coloquintida</HI> is chief, Trochi&s;es made of it, called <HI>Alhandal,</HI> &amp;c. Among Chymical things all Mercurials are commended, divers precipitates, white, yellow, red, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and <HI>&s;ublimatum dulce.</HI> For I would advi&s;e all to ab&s;tain from the Corro&s;ive, &s;eeing it can onely be given in a very &s;mall quantity: And be&s;ides, it always, in a manner, u&s;es to cau&s;e Vomiting, and violently di|&s;turbs the body. Divers Antimonials are here al&s;o excellent good, though mo&s;t of them al&s;o do Vo|mit. Rheubarb, Scammony, Aloes, Tamarinds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> purge Bile. Where the &s;aline part of the bile principally offends, Root of Jalap, Mechoacan, <HI>Gum|mi Gotte,</HI> &amp;c. may be u&s;ed; Among Chymical things Antimonials are convenient. Antimonials evacuate bile mo&s;t conveniently by Vomit, which, becau&s;e they u&s;e to carry off Phlegm as well, and al&s;o di&s;charge both humours downwards, and moreover, becau&s;e they may be &s;afer given than Mercurials, I prefer them before all others, if they be made of Gla&s;s of Antimony, its <HI>Regulus, Crocus metallorum, Mercurius vitae</HI> (which is an Antimonial Medicine) flowers of Antimony, and the like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. It will be advi&s;able to give Cly&s;ters every other day, that the Vapours tending upwards may be drawn back, and part of the peccant humour may be carried off: for if they go far into the Guts,
<PB N="310" REF="161"> they draw the greate&s;t part of the filth from the me&s;araick Veins. I knew a certain Nobleman, who by frequent Cly&s;ters was &s;o relieved of this invete|rate Di&s;ea&s;e, that he &s;eemed to be perfectly cu|red, when many other Remedies had been u&s;ed in vain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. In the progre&s;s of the Cure, if there be a|ny nece&s;&s;ity to empty the Sink of the Belly, it is better to doe it with Suppo&s;itories, than with Cly|&s;ters, le&s;t a Vapour ari&s;ing from thence might in|crea&s;e the Pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Sometimes, when the Di&s;ea&s;e continues long, Rea&s;on teaches us, we mu&s;t procure a Vo|mit in &s;uch as are u&s;ed to it: for vomiting has been often found to cure tho&s;e, whom purging could not. It may be procured fir&s;t of all by gentle things, by and by, when they will doe no good, by &s;tronger, yet &s;uch, according to <HI>Aetius,</HI> as create no trouble to the Belly and Stomach. For Experience, as well as <HI>Aetius,</HI> has taught us, that &s;everal, upon taking violent Vomits, without the violence of any other cau&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> have fallen into Melancholy. &para; Oftentimes a Vomit, e&s;pecially of <HI>Aqua benedicta</HI> cures one be|ginning; for by this means the filth being got out of the Stomach and parts adjoining, renders the Cure more ea&s;ie, which afterwards mu&s;t wholly be emploied in opening ob&s;tructions. Aperients there|fore mu&s;t either be given before or after Vomits. It mu&s;t be left to the Phy&s;ician's prudence, whether to doe, which is here of great moment, &s;ince the &s;ucce&s;s of the Cure depends thereon.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>v.</HI> 248. in the Cure of the <HI>Drying Di&s;ea&s;e,</HI> which is the hypochon|driack Di&s;ea&s;e, begins it with evacuation down|wards, and then fini&s;hes it with vomiting upwards. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e evacuation mu&s;t be begun in that part which is next the Di&s;ea&s;e; &s;o that in Di&s;|ea&s;es infe&s;ting parts below the Diaphragm, we mu&s;t begin with purging downwards: but with vomiting, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be in parts above it, according to <HI>A|phor.</HI> 184. Which mu&s;t be under&s;tood, when the Di&s;|ea&s;e wants both evacuations. Becau&s;e therefore in this Di&s;ea&s;e the part affected is below the <HI>Septum tran&s;ver&s;um</HI> (for the parts &s;erving the natural facul|ty e&s;pecially &s;uffer in this Di&s;ea&s;e) for that rea|&s;on he begins with purging downwards. Which way of Cure is con&s;onant to rea&s;on; For, 1. We mu&s;t fir&s;t evacuate the parts next to the Di&s;ea&s;e, both becau&s;e as <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 9. &s;ays, the matter which prevails in the parts next to the place affec|ted, is more malignant than that which abounds in the re&s;t of the Body, wherefore it mu&s;t immedi|ately be evacuated by the next way, that it may more readily be carried off, and le&s;t if it be carri|ed off by a long journey, the whole Body be in|fected. 2. Le&s;t going a contrary cour&s;e, the mat|ter remote from the part affected be drawn thither, when it is di&s;turbed by Phy&s;ick, and thereby the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;o increa&s;e, that it either kills the Patient, or afterwards will not give way to Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> Com. in cum locum.</NOTE> Practitioners go the contrary way to work.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Concerning the drinking of <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters there is no &s;mall cla&s;hing among Authours. Some, as <HI>Sennertus,</HI> do altogether approve of them, be|cau&s;e by the Minerals, from which they derive their virtues, they both wa&s;h the fir&s;t ways and carry off the vitious humours, that lodge in them, by &s;tool and urine, heat the Stomach, and &s;treng|then the Liver and Spleen: But yet heating and drying may be feared from the external u&s;e of the&s;e waters, not the internal. Others, as <HI>Claudinus,</HI> wholly reject them, for their &s;aid drying faculty. <HI>Montanus</HI> both rejects and admits them: He thinks they are good for the coldne&s;s of the Stomach, an in|&s;eparable Companion of this Di&s;ea&s;e: but upon ac|count of a hot Liver and Bloud, he will have the Li|ver and Spleen, and all the region of the Loins guar|ded with a refrigerant: This way, he &s;ays, the wa|ters doe no harm, becau&s;e they fix more in the Sto|mach and cold parts, and onely pa&s;s through the other parts, and make no tarrying there. I think they are good, if a cold Stomach have gathered a|bundance of thick and vi&s;cid Phlegm, and if there be no great heat in the Liver, the hurt of which part may in a great mea&s;ure be avoided by applying a cooling Ointment, and giving &s;ome cooling Broth after drinking of the waters, and after the com|plete taking of them, by u&s;ing a cooling and moi&s;t|ning Bath for &s;ome days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. It is made a que&s;tion by &s;ome, Whether the u&s;e of Steel be proper? For &s;ince this Di&s;|ea&s;e proceeds from a dry humour, and, if it be black bile, a hot one al&s;o, Steel &s;eems unfit to con|quer it: be&s;ides, its virtue is to make the Belly co|&s;tive and dry. But though the&s;e things be &s;o, yet long and frequent experience &s;hews, that Steel is an approved Remedy for the Hypochondriack Di&s;|ea&s;e, Cachexy in Women from ob&s;truction of their <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> and for other Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;ing from pertina|cious ob&s;tructions of the Spleen and Me&s;araicks, and therefore to be much valued. Among the Anci|ents, &s;ee <HI>Pliny, lib.</HI> 34. <HI>c.</HI> 15. <HI>Aegineta, lib.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 49. <HI>Dio&s;corides, lib.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 53. <HI>Aetius, Tetrab.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 11. <HI>Oriba&s;ius, Rha&s;es,</HI> and others: Among the Neotericks, <HI>Claudinus, Re&s;pon&s;.</HI> 29. <HI>&amp; de ingr. ad inf. in Append. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>Mercatus, de Morb. Mul. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 6. and others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. I &s;ay Steel is as it were the proper Alexi|pharmack of hypochondriack Melancholy, becau&s;e by u&s;ing of it I always find happy &s;ucce&s;s: for in opening ob&s;tructions (on which the whole &s;tre&s;s of the cure lies) it comes behind no Medicine: For it is temperate in the active qualities; but in this Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from proper Aperients, which are hot in the third degree, for fear of an Inflammation. Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, that Hypo|chondriacks are helped by cold things. And its drine&s;s, &s;ince it does good by cooling, need not be feared, &s;ince that may be amended by Con&s;erve of Borage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or by taking of Pti&s;an before Sup|per. Therefore I prefer it before <HI>Bath</HI>-waters, which cannot &s;o conveniently be corrected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. But &s;uch things mu&s;t not be u&s;ed at the be|ginning as &s;trongly move Urine, le&s;t they carry the vitious matter out of the fir&s;t ways to the Liver or <HI>Ve|na cava,</HI> increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, or cau&s;e one in the Kid|neys: Or le&s;t the more &s;ubtile parts being carried off, the gro&s;&s;er, which are turned to Melancholy, &s;hould remain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondele|tius.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Hollerius</HI> rejects them for another Rea&s;on, that is, becau&s;e there is no communicati|on or pa&s;&s;age from the Spleen to the Kidneys: But modern Anatomi&s;ts &s;hew a pa&s;&s;age (See <HI>Laurentius,</HI> Qu. 38.) and there is a very convenient pa&s;&s;age from the Spleen to the Kidneys by the emulgent Arteries. Be&s;ides, experience te&s;tifies, that often black matter is di&s;charged by Urine, to the Pati|ent's great benefit. I ob&s;erved this a year ago in a Noble Lawyer, who being &s;ubject to ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> and Spleen, after three days pain at his Stomach, made water for two days time, like Ink in colour and con&s;i&s;tency, to his great relief: Yet in giving of Diureticks, we mu&s;t, according to <HI>Capivaccius</HI> his mind, keep within bounds, and both in di&s;cu&s;&s;ing and moving Urine, we mu&s;t pro|ceed without much heating. <HI>Aetius</HI> admits them, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;erm.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 10. yet not till the Body and fir&s;t ways be exactly purged.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. There are &s;ome, who for &s;everal years, in the beginning of Autumn and Spring, have their Spleen &s;well, with a pain in the <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> and a livid colour all over their body, growing wor&s;e and wor&s;e, which neverthele&s;s is often cured by voiding abundance of Urine, as black almo&s;t as Ink, for a week.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The errour of the Phy&s;icians of our age mu&s;t not be imitated, who either give onely heating and drying things, for breaking and di&s;per|&s;ing of the Wind, neglecting in the mean time the Intemperature of the Liver, in which ca&s;e indeed
<PB N="311" REF="161"> it is very likely, the Di&s;ea&s;e is much increa&s;ed: Or, if ob&s;tructions in the Spleen be urgent, they cure by violent Coolers and Moi&s;tners, wholly neglecting Dige&s;tives and things that are able to o|pen and &s;often its ob&s;tructions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. A&s;&s;es Milk is good, made purgative with <HI>Diagridium,</HI> and three pounds of it taken for eight or ten days every morning, for it will temper the heat of the Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus.</NOTE> and will purge hot humours. &para; It will not be ami&s;s to take two pounds of A&s;&s;es Milk with two drachms of Cream of Tartar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. But it mu&s;t be taken as &s;oon as it is milked, with Sugar in it, but by no means with any Bread, le&s;t it tarry too long in the Stomach, and fill the Head, the taking of it mu&s;t be continued for for|ty days. In the mean time, le&s;t any gro&s;s part of it &s;hould curdle in the Me&s;entery and &s;tick there, every ten days one ounce of Cream of Tartar di&s;&s;olved in Broth may be taken,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>cor&s;.</HI> 29.</NOTE> to the end tho&s;e ways may be clean&s;ed.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Concerning the&s;e words, <HI>Aph.</HI> 64. 6. <HI>It is bad to give Milk to them who&s;e</HI> Hypochondria <HI>are &s;wel|led and rumble;</HI> it mu&s;t not be pa&s;&s;ed by, that he joi|ned the&s;e two Symptoms, to &s;hew that Milk may be given to &s;uch who&s;e <HI>Hypochondria</HI> do onely rumble, and to &s;uch who have them onely &s;welled. For if the Liver &s;well with Bile, Milk is proper; &s;o <HI>lib. de int. eff. v.</HI> 225. in the &s;econd <HI>Hepatitis,</HI> from Bile flowing into the Liver, from which it grows hard and pain|full, he gives not onely A&s;&s;es Milk or Goats, to purge, but he gives Cows Milk al&s;o, for &s;everal days to temper the Bile: In like manner, when the Belly rumbles without any &s;welling, Milk is not prohibi|ted, becau&s;e, if the rumbling be cau&s;ed by Bile running up and down the Belly, it may be good to give Milk. Wherefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> forbids giving of Milk, when the &s;welled <HI>Hypochondria</HI> do al&s;o rumble: for the&s;e things depend on abundance of Wind, having its ri&s;e in the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> for which Milk is bad, not onely becau&s;e it is windy, but al&s;o be|cau&s;e, &s;ince per&s;ons &s;o affected are &s;ubject to acid corruption,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> Comm. in cit. Aphor.</NOTE> the Milk in their Stomach, through analogy, ea&s;ily turns &s;owre.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. If great heat be found in the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> an hour before Meat half a pound or a pound of Whey made of Goats Milk may conveniently be gi|ven, which both tempers the heat and cools the veins of the Me&s;entery, and wa&s;tes the matter, which is the cau&s;e of this ob&s;truction; but the u&s;e of it mu&s;t be continued for eight or fourteen days. And that it may doe no damage, but may be more effectual, convenient Powders or Pills may be u&s;ed before the Whey. Take of root of male Fern, Cinquefoil, Wormwood, <HI>Carduus benedictus,</HI> Ger|mander, Spleenwort, Agrimony, each 1 drachm. With <HI>Syrupus Aceto&s;itatis Citri,</HI> make large Pills. Give &s;ix or ten of them. Or make an Extract of the&s;e Powders. So the Whey will have more power to open and penetrate, and it will doe le&s;s harm by cooling. But it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be taken in a large quantity, e&s;pecially when the Stomach is not very weak, namely, three pounds or more. And let one gla&s;s be drunk after another, &s;ipping it, and after taking the Whey, he mu&s;t walk, to the end it may in&s;inuate it &s;elf, and may carry off the matter, that cau&s;es the ob&s;truction, by &s;tool and urine. Nor need the large quantity be feared; For if it mu&s;t pa&s;s the Veins, and be voided again pre&s;ently by &s;tool and urine, a great quantity is required: So <HI>Bath</HI> and <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters mu&s;t be drunk in a great quantity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Concerning <HI>Spiritus vitrioli Martis,</HI> there is a que&s;tion whether it perform in Hypochondri|acks the &s;ame that other Chalybeates do? Since there is no &s;mall alteration of the Sub&s;tance, and other Acids are Enemies to Melancholicks, and ex|alt black Choler. I think truly it does not doe all things that other Chalybeates doe, my rea&s;on is, becau&s;e other Chalybeates give a &s;tool, but this does not, which mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to the change of the Sub&s;tance. Yet neverthele&s;s, I make no que&s;ti|on but it is good for Hypochondriacks, becau&s;e of its aperient virtue. Nor does its Sowrene&s;s hin|der, for onely the exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of Acids hurts Me|lancholicks and exalts black Choler; on the con|trary, their moderate u&s;e is proper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. I think <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> is very good for them: for by rea&s;on of the Aloes and Spirit of Sul|phur it egregiou&s;ly opens the ob&s;tructions: It cor|rects the putrefaction of the humours not onely becau&s;e of them, but becau&s;e of the Saffron and Myrrhe: It egregiou&s;ly di&s;cu&s;&s;es Wind, becau&s;e of the Myrrhe and Spirit of Wine chiefly: And it &s;treng|thens the Heart and Stomach by its whole Sub|&s;tance.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> tinges the excrements, which denotes the extraction of the Vitriol, the &s;ating of the au&s;tere humours, and, in a word, the ac|tuating of the Medicine, ju&s;t as by the mixture of Vinegar and Galls in water Ink is produced. But if the excrements be not tinged, it is a &s;ign, unle&s;s a very &s;mall quantity be &s;ufficient, that the Medi|cine is not well actuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedeliu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. You write that in hypochondriack Di&s;|ea&s;es <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> is commended. Indeed, I &s;hould not wholly reject it, had it any portion of the Nitre left in it, for &s;o it would be far fitter of open ob&s;tructions of the Ve&s;&s;els: But if it be wit<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, out Nitre, I am afraid le&s;t when the thin humours are &s;pent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Doringius <HI>ad</HI> Sennert. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ep.</HI> 30.</NOTE> the gro&s;s and earthy ones grow harder and increa&s;e the ob&s;truction. &para; Do you doubt whether it con&s;ume onely the thin humours, or at|tenuate, and put in fu&s;ion, the gro&s;s ones al&s;o? I affirm the fir&s;t, and now the &s;ame may al&s;o benefi|cially be given for gro&s;s humours al&s;o, but I affirm it with a di&s;tinction: For the gro&s;s humours are ei|ther already actually tartareous, or onely mucila|ginous and phlegmatick, in the&s;e I allow it; in the former I deny it. A &s;corbutick Man was cured by me, who&s;e bloud, when it was let, grew like a gelly in water: And among other things I gave him <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 35.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. If an au&s;tere pancreatick Juice be bred (which frequent hypochondriack Suffocation, with fear of Strangling, as al&s;o vomiting of au&s;tere hu|mours does argue) volatile Salts mu&s;t frequently be u&s;ed, and e&s;pecially Aromaticks, and indeed in a &s;mall quantity, &s;uppo&s;e four, five or &s;ix drops in a &s;poonfull of Wine: for I know nothing hitherto, which &s;o powerfully, effectually and &s;o quickly a|mends the Au&s;tre in us, as every volatile Salt, but e&s;pecially an Aromatick one, which, I atte&s;t, I have experienced a thou&s;and times.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Capers are commonly commended, but they mu&s;t be u&s;ed aright, for they are not one|ly difficult of Concoction, but the Vinegar al&s;o, wherewith they are pickled, ferments and exalts the melancholick humour. They are the be&s;t pre|pared, if they be pickled with a third part of Co|rinths, the &s;ame quantity of Sugar, and a little Vinegar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Cold and moi&s;t Alteratives, or Attenu|ants, need not be feared, becau&s;e there is Wind; for it is dry exhalations, rai&s;ed by heat out of a dry <HI>Minera,</HI> and not vapours from a moi&s;t one, as mo&s;t men fal&s;ly think, who therefore mi&s;take, and give <HI>Hiera</HI> and Alo&euml;ticks and hot Medicines to their Pati|ents with ill &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. In this Di&s;ea&s;e <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> 7. has taught, that the Stomach is always hurt, accor|ding to <HI>Diocles</HI> his opinion; yea, daily experience &s;hews as much. Notwith&s;tanding, the hurt of it mu&s;t not be reckoned Idiopathick, but rather Sym|pathick: Wherefore he, 2. <HI>de locis</HI> 4. has told us, that when Concoction in the Stomach is ami&s;s, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently con&s;ider the parts about it, namely, the Liver, Spleen, Me&s;entery, <HI>Omentum</HI> and the re&s;t, before we lay the blame on the Stomach it
<PB N="312" REF="162"> &s;elf: for it often comes to pa&s;s, and e&s;pecially in this Di&s;ea&s;e always, if it be legitimate, that the Stomach is affected privatively not po&s;itively, by the exce&s;&s;ive circumambient extraneous heat, both of the Liver and the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> becau&s;e of ob&s;truc|tions propagated from the lacteal Veins to the Me|&s;enterick, not onely from crudities, but al&s;o from thick bloud, where, I think, an Inflammation is un|der the <HI>Pylorus,</HI> from which the heat is diffu&s;ed into the bottom of the Stomach, di&s;proportionate to Concoction, which therefore not concocting, but corrupting the food, turns it into a nidorulent and &s;trange quality, by rea&s;on whereof it being alto|gether unfit for Concoction, is thrown up by Vo|mit, as an u&s;ele&s;s load, by the expul&s;ive faculty, ir|ritated &s;ometimes by an acid, wherefore, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> as Anxiety befalls the Patient after Meat, &s;o relief comes by vomiting. Nor is crude and vi|&s;cid matter oppo&s;ite to this nidorulent corruption, when it is mixt with a cholerick and bitter Juice, becau&s;e the end and effect of any hurt in the Con|coction of the Stomach is Crudity: And Acidity little re&s;i&s;ts, when oftentimes it proceeds from Heat, according to <HI>Trallianus,</HI> who inveighs again&s;t the&s;e Phy&s;icians, that a&s;cribe Acidity always to Cold, from the in&s;tance of Vinegar: Yea, and black Cho|ler, which is the mo&s;t acid, corroding and fermen|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ing the earth, though cold, yet has a hot, yea, fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> burning cau&s;e, upon account of its &s;harpne&s;s, &s;o <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">inegar owes all its coldne&s;s it has to heat onely.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="41">XLI. Hot Anointings outwardly mu&s;t be avoided, both becau&s;e, if the Stomach be hurt, it is not e&s;|&s;entially, but by con&s;ent with the <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> and rather by hot and dry exhalations than by cold and moi&s;ture: Wherefore in this Ca&s;e and Di&s;ea&s;e I &s;u&s;pect &s;ulphureous Mud and Waters, and think them altogether hurtfull for the <HI>Hypochondria;</HI> and becau&s;e the lobe of the Liver lying upon the Sto|mach is heated before the Stomach it &s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. Fomentations, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is tedious, is a proper kind of preparation: becau&s;e by their warmth and &s;teem they comfort and &s;u&s;tain every part and its innate heat, they &s;tir up, mollifie and di&s;&s;olve the humours that are lodged in them, and make them fluid, that they may more ea&s;ily give way to an attractive Medicine. &para; But we mu&s;t have a care that we do not cau&s;e &s;weat by them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE> the humour to be purged, mu&s;t onely be molli|fied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. By the virtue of a Bath in an hepatick, hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e, the humours lodged in the capillary Veins, and &s;ending out fuliginous exhala|tions from thence are put in fu&s;ion, Fluxions are diverted and di&s;&s;ipated. The Ve&s;&s;el of warm wa|ter mu&s;t not be made for &s;weating, but &s;o that the Patient may lye on his back in the water from his Knees onely to his Navel. But we mu&s;t have a care le&s;t any crude humour &s;tick in the fir&s;t ways, and le&s;t there be any impurity in the Bowels, which by the Bath might be di&s;tributed over the whole Body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE></P>
<P N="44">XLIV. In two ca&s;es the hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eems to forbid a &s;ulphureous Bath. Fir&s;t, when there is a great inflammation and heat in the <HI>Hypo|chondria.</HI> Secondly, when there is any &s;welling in them. Although then the <HI>Abdomen</HI> may be plentiful|ly anointed with <HI>&V;nguentum ro&s;aceum Me&s;ues,</HI> to pre|vent the penetration of the water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">For<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">is.</NOTE></P>
<P N="45">XLV. Neither hot nor temperate, aperient, emol|lient nor &s;trengthning Ointments are proper. Not hot, becau&s;e by virtue of them new matter is drawn from another place, and the part is parched with heat; be&s;ides, they harden more, when the thin parts are di&s;per&s;ed. Not temperate ones, becau&s;e if they be emollient, they will make lax the part, and new filth will run into the parts, as into a Sink. Not a&s;tringent or &s;trengthning, becau&s;e they will prevent In&s;en&s;ible Tran&s;piration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanct<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Some commend a Stove, wherein they &s;ay there is great virtue in attenuating and concoc|ting crude, melancholick humours: Yet care mu&s;t be taken, that the humours grow not too hot by the u&s;e of it, and that, the thin portion being di&s;|&s;ipated by Sweat, the re&s;t either grow not hard about the Bowels, or degenerate into black Cho|ler: Which Inconvenience you will prevent, if eve|ry fourth day you omit the Stove, and take things to evacuate the prepared humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. You mu&s;t take notice, it &s;ometimes hap|pens, that upon giving Aperients, e&s;pecially when the ob&s;tructions are opened, that the Belly is &s;o loo&s;e, that a Dy&s;entery might be feared to fol|low. Then we mu&s;t provide for it with &s;trength|ners, e&s;pecially Tincture of Corals and <HI>Elixir pro|prietatis.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. <HI>Crocus Martis,</HI> e&s;pecially <HI>Sulphuratus,</HI> breeds nidorulent belchings, and tinges the excrements a little. For as in the preparation of Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> we &s;ee, by the acce&s;&s;ion of an acid <HI>&s;tagma</HI> a di&s;&s;o|lution is made into bubbles and exhalations, &s;o it is no le&s;s done by the acid humours abounding in hy|pochondriack Bodies, which are as it were &s;ated with Martial things and con&s;equently edulcorated. And indeed this manner of Martial things acting is very ea&s;ie to demon&s;trate. Hence Belchings ari&s;e, even from &s;imple filings of Steel, an argument that the Stomach acts upon them, and from the re-acti|on of the&s;e, and their mutual di&s;&s;olution belching follows, as &s;igns and products of exhalations: for the effect te&s;tifies of its cau&s;e. Therefore <HI>Croci Mar|tis aperitivi</HI> are given on purpo&s;e with Stomachicks and Aromaticks. So we u&s;e to prepare our ca|chectick Powder of <HI>Pulvis &s;tomachicus Quercetani</HI> of root of <HI>Aron, Crocus Martis</HI> and Oil of Cinnamon. For they correct <HI>Mars</HI> and help Nature to conquer him. But &s;ulphurate e&s;pecially cau&s;es belching, as being cruder, therefore we u&s;e not to give <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> &s;o much, prepared the crude way, as we give it fir&s;t freed from the Atoms of Sulphur by a new cal|cination, which is better, more &s;ubtile, and obedi|ent to the heat of the Stomach, a thing, which mu&s;t principally be ob&s;erved in Hypochondriacks who are delicate and of a rare texture, for the&s;e belchings &s;well like rotten eggs. <HI>Septalius, lib.</HI> 9. <HI>cant.</HI> 58. commends this made into a Powder and prepared with Vinegar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. We mu&s;t have a care that we promote not the fermentation of the humours by Emul&s;ions, and con&s;equently le&s;t, while we would cure Thir&s;t, Weakne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we doe more harm than good. Therefore in general whenever the <HI>orga&s;mus</HI> of the humours is in the lower Belly, it is advi&s;eable to ab&s;tain from them: for (as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays) un|equal things ferment. Wherefore in Hy&s;tericks, where it concerns us to quiet the Symptoms, and al&s;o in Hypochondriacks, they cannot be proper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. The quieting of the Paroxy&s;ms and of the mo&s;t urgent Symptoms con&s;i&s;ts e&s;pecially in checking the efferve&s;cence of the humours, in di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of the ri&s;ing exhalations, a&s;&s;waging of Pain. The efferve|&s;cence will be &s;topt chiefly with Medicines that correct the acrimony of both humours (the Acid pituitous and the Bilious) which is owing to fat and &s;pirituous things, but variou&s;ly mixt with o|ther things, according to the various manner of ef|ferve&s;cence in each per&s;on. Wherefore that Medi|cine which does one Man good, often does another harm. And it mu&s;t be a temperate Medicine, which mu&s;t con&s;i&s;t of much water and little oil, but that &s;o mixt with a volatile &s;alt, that it may mix with the water. For all the skill lies here (I repeat it) The temperate Medicine mu&s;t con&s;i&s;t of much wa|ter, as being a thing which by it &s;elf and a lixivi|ous &s;alt, is fit to dilute an acid &s;pirit, and &s;o in|fringe its &s;trength; To this water oil (but a little) mu&s;t be added, as being apt to temper both the lixivious &s;alt and the acid &s;pirit. And becau&s;e oil
<PB N="313" REF="162"> cannot be mixt with water, but by means of a Lixivial Salt, this mu&s;t be there al&s;o, but correc|ted and volatilized with a volatile Spirit, becau&s;e the &s;ame and a volatile &s;pirit, u&s;e to temper a lixi|vious &s;alt and an acid &s;pirit. In &s;uch a Medicine therefore &s;o tempered there occurr three things, Water, Oil and Volatile Spirit tempering the two Sharps,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> the lixivious Salt, and the acid Spirit.</P>
<P N="51">LI. Among the Symptoms of this Di&s;ea&s;e I have ob&s;erved that a &s;en&s;e and fear of Suffocation and Strangling is not onely peculiar to Women, though it take them oftner than Men. I think this grie|vance has its ri&s;e from various exhalations, and e|&s;pecially au&s;tere ones, ri&s;ing from the &s;mall gut, to the upper mouth of the Stomach, and &s;o to the Gullet, and cau&s;ing a &s;en&s;e of Suffocation and Stran|gling in the&s;e parts. But whenever part of the&s;e exhalations tends by the lacteal Veins to the tho|racick Duct, penetrates into the right ventricle of the Heart, and into the Lungs, and &s;ticking there, cau&s;es &s;hortne&s;s of Breath; no wonder, if then, ei|ther through want of proper Medicines, or abun|dance of Exhalations, the Patients are &s;ometime &s;uffocated and choaked; which, I remember, once happened to one of my Patients, abundance of au|&s;tere Exhalations being tran&s;lated to the Lungs, with a violent hypochondriack Suffocation, as the mo&s;t urgent Symptome then, and returning with &s;uch violence every Paroxy&s;m, that it would give way to no Medicines, but cau&s;ed Death. And this Evil had been neglected at the beginning, &s;o much does it concern us to cure all things in time. Certainly this Ail is often too much neglected, not being &s;uf|ficiently known to &s;everal Phy&s;icians, and there|fore the &s;eldomer cured. For curing of this vola|tile Salts are very good, and among&s;t them Spirit of Sal Ammoniack, which if it had no other virtues, yet in regard to this Ail it ought to be e&s;teemed by all Phy&s;icians. Except in this ca&s;e, I do not re|member any Patient of mine ever died of an hypo|chondriack Suffocation, to whom I u&s;e in time to pre&s;cribe and inculcate volatile Salts, which all per&s;ons may ea&s;ily u&s;e, even in their ordinary drink. Whereas <HI>Ca&s;tor,</HI> which many u&s;e with good &s;ucce&s;s, is an ingratefull thing, and is loathed by many. The Cure of this multifarious Di&s;ea&s;e is performed fir&s;t of all by di&s;cu&s;&s;ion and &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of all man|ner of Exhalations. Secondly, by correction of the humours whence they ari&s;e. Thirdly, And by the diminution of them, where they exceed. All vo|latile Salts and Aromaticks, and e&s;pecially oleous ones, di&s;cu&s;s all manner of Vapours. Among which al&s;o <HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> it &s;elf may be reckoned, &s;eeing it is part of an Animal, or an Excrement, which is the &s;ame thing; &s;eeing all the parts and each of an Animal abound with a volatile Salt. And every particular humour, as it offends in divers qualities, mu&s;t in a divers manner be corrected, and dimini&s;hed with its Purgatives. But as often as a manife&s;t &s;en&s;e of Strangling is urgent upon the Patient, be&s;ides this Spirit of Sal Ammoniak, <HI>Ca&s;tor,</HI> is al&s;o convenient and its Tincture, as al&s;o di&s;tilled Oil of Mace and Amber, if one, two or three drops thereof be ta|ken. When the&s;e Exhalations are more glutinous or al&s;o more &s;harp, then, be&s;ides volatile Salts, &s;weet Spirit of Nitre, Oil of Orange Pill, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be u&s;ed. When they are more watry, and there is rather a faintne&s;s of Spirits than &s;en&s;e of Strangling, then to the volatile Salts there may profitably be added aromatick Tinctures of Cinna|mon, Saffron, Nutmeg, Mace, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> made with rectified Spirit of Wine, not neglecting the taking of Hydragogues now and then, to abate the watry humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="52">LII. And Difficulty of Breathing comes in for its &s;hare, which is grievous enough to many, the chief cau&s;e whereof is various Winds and Vapours, often produced by humours in the &s;mall Gut, which being carried by the lacteal Veins and tho|racick duct to the right ventricle of the Heart, and &s;o to the Lungs; and tarrying there awhile, &s;o they both di&s;tend the Lungs and keep them di&s;tended, and &s;o hinder the playing of them, and con&s;equently re&s;piration, and therefore mu&s;t be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with the &s;ame Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Tartarus vitriolatus,</HI> with extract of Fern and &s;ome convenient Water is an excellent deoppilative. &para; Take of Gumm Ammoniack 2 ounces and an half, di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar of Squills to the con&s;i&s;tency of Honey. Add of Powder of Spleen-wort, Dodder, each 1 ounce; Oil of Capers 2 ounces, of Violets 1 ounce, of Bricks and Wax what is &s;ufficient. Make a Pla&s;ter and apply it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agricola.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Dia&s;politicum</HI> in hypochondriack melancholy with crudity of the Stomach is a &s;ingular Remedy; by the u&s;e whereof <HI>Galen</HI> happily cured de&s;perate Hypochondriacks, reduced almo&s;t to extreme Lean|ne&s;s. &para; The virtue of <HI>Mumia Viperina</HI> is admirable in renovation of the bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartolettus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Aperients in this Di&s;ea&s;e give great relief, among which I attribute the fir&s;t place to the root of the greater Rhapontick Centaury. The bloudy juice is expre&s;&s;ed out of the fre&s;h root. Make a Syrup with Sugar, of which 2 &s;poonfulls may be ta|ken every morning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. This is a famous Phy&s;ician's &s;ecret Water for hypochondriack Melancholy; Take of Flowers of Buglo&s;s, Borage, <HI>Stoechas Arabica,</HI> each half an ounce; Ro&s;emary, Majoran, Balm, each 2 drachms; Root of Buglo&s;s 4 drachms, Betony 2 drachms, Water of Borage, Buglo&s;s, each 4 ounces; Powder of Cin|namon, Galangal, Cloves, Saffron, Seed of Ba&s;il, each 1 drachm. Pour 5 pounds of <HI>Rheni&s;h</HI> Wine to them. Let them &s;tand in infu&s;ion for 2 or 3 days. Di&s;till them in <HI>Balneo Mariae.</HI> The Do&s;e 4 &s;poon|fulls.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Finkius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. An ea&s;ie Remedy for this Di&s;ea&s;e. One took onely &s;ome Cichory Broth for the fir&s;t Me&s;s, and he recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. <HI>Sal vitrioli Martis</HI> excells all other Medicines; Take of Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur half a pound, Spirit of Wine 1 pound. Put them in a clean Fry|ing-pan. Cover them with a Board, &s;o within 15 days the Salt will &s;hoot, which may be &s;et in the Sun or an Oven to dry, &s;tirring it now and then. Keep it &s;afe from the Air. The Do&s;e from 12 grains to 20.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="9" TYPE="book">
<PB N="314" REF="163">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK IX. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> I.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Icterus,</HI> or, The Jaundice.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes Bleeding is convenient. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what and when we mu&s;t Purge? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;trong Purge not proper. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Preparation and Purging is needfull? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits &s;ometimes of u&s;e. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure by Lice unfortunate. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his cure of the Jaundice. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chalybeates are good. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of the Waters. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringent and cold things mu&s;t not be applied to the Li|ver. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The diagno&s;tick and cure of a Jaundice ari&s;ing from ob&s;truction of the Gall bladder. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The black Jaundice does not always come from the Spleen. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It does not require the &s;ame cure with the Scurvy. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether opening of the Veins under the Tongue be u&s;efull in it? <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHen Bile abounds, if the abundance of it be not dimini&s;hed fir&s;t, bloud mu&s;t not be let, becau&s;e it is a check to the Bile. If a Vein be opened to cool the heat of the Liver, bloud mu&s;t be let &s;pa|ringly, &s;ince letting of bloud is not a proper reme|dy for ob&s;tructions, and it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved whe|ther it comes out black;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 55. <HI>cent.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> for when an Icterick was let bloud, it appeared all yellow.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Que&s;tion is, Whether Cholagogues may be pre&s;cribed? The Affirmative may be maintain|ed, becau&s;e Bile is &s;uperabundant; therefore <HI>Jac|chinus, lib.</HI> 9. <HI>cap.</HI> 51. pre&s;cribes Purges of Scammo|ny, Electuary of juice of Ro&s;es, and the like. <HI>Mer|curialis m. m. lib.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 33. propounds the like Ca|tharticks which purge Bile, to the end the hu|mours which feed the Bile poured out to the Skin, may be carried off. The Negative is concluded from <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de intern. affectib.</HI> where he di&s;|&s;wades Cholagogues, le&s;t the body be more di&s;turb|ed: Be&s;ides, frequently in the Jaundice, it is not abundance of Bile, but effu&s;ion of Bile following the ob&s;truction of the Gall-bladder; that offends, but the&s;e will not remove ob&s;tructions. Ob&s;erve for a deci&s;ion, according to <HI>Mercatus, lib.</HI> 4. <HI>practic. cap.</HI> 4. that in a Jaundice we mu&s;t purge two man|ner of ways. Fir&s;t, with the&s;e Catharticks, which carry off and ab&s;terge thick and &s;topping humours, that, when the Ob&s;truction is opened, the bilious humour, that is bred, may freely pa&s;s to the places natural to it: by which means alone, if you care|fully apply attenuants, and inciders, you will cure the Di&s;ea&s;e. Secondly, there is need of &s;uch Me|dicines, as dimini&s;h and evacuate the Bile, which the natural ve&s;&s;els cannot receive.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Prob. Dec.</HI> 7. <HI>Qu.</HI> 5.</NOTE> <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his &s;aying intimates the former: <HI>Jacchinus</HI> and <HI>Mercuria|lis</HI> intend the latter.</P>
<P N="3">III. Whether are &s;trong Catharticks nece&s;&s;ary? <HI>Altimarus,</HI> according to <HI>Aetius</HI> his judgment, holds the Affirmative, becau&s;e weak things, by rea&s;on of the drine&s;s of the Belly, doe no good, and Nature, tran|&s;lating the matter to the circumference of the Bo|dy, does not much help the&s;e evacuations. <HI>Merca|tus</HI> concludes on the contrary, judging, that &s;trong Purges are very hurtfull, becau&s;e in an ob&s;tructed body it is better to Purge the Bile from far by de|grees, and to get the thick humour out of the ob|&s;tructed ve&s;&s;el by little and little, than by a &s;udden forcing of the excrement to make the Ob&s;truction greater and firmer, as it often happens to the un|skilfull
<PB N="315" REF="163"> and carele<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s. Wherefore it is more advi|&s;able to u&s;e gentle Purges &s;everal times,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> than by any violence to render the Di&s;ea&s;e wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Belly may be loo&s;ened with lenitive Electuary, and Creme of Tartar. The matter con|tained in the fir&s;t ways may be prepared with Ho|ney of Ro&s;es, and <HI>Julapium Aceto&s;um,</HI> or with half an ounce of Creme of Tartar di&s;&s;olved in Broth. A Purge may be given the fir&s;t time of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> with Le|nitive and <HI>Pilul. de tribus,</HI> or an Infu&s;ion of Agarick, Rheubarb, <HI>Senna, &amp;c.</HI> The &s;econd preparation mu&s;t be made with Syrup of juice of Borage, Cichory, <HI>Byzantinus &s;implex.</HI> But becau&s;e &s;ugared things in Bi|lious Di&s;ea&s;es are not very &s;afe, therefore about three ounces of juice &s;hould rather be taken, in a decoc|tion of Cichory, Dodder of Time, Agrimony, Cin|quefoil, Germander, Horehound, Wormwood, fir&s;t taking a <HI>Bolus</HI> of Extract of Rheubarb, with <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum.</HI> And then he mu&s;t be purged with a little &s;tronger things, re&s;pecting rather the thick humours than the bilious, &s;uch as <HI>Diaphoenic. Pilul. de tribus,</HI> &amp;c. and then 6, 7, 8 or 9 ounces of <HI>Decoct. Epith. Me&s;ues</HI> may be taken every day, upon which, about three hours after, he may drink one pound of Whey of Goat's Milk, then for a few days he may take juices of Cichory, Borage, Fumi|tory, Mallows, prepared in Broth. Both indeed, becau&s;e this Di&s;ea&s;e, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> gives not way to weak Purgatives: And becau&s;e things that purge Choler are bad before the attenuation of the humours, according to <HI>Aetius,</HI> with whom <HI>Galen</HI> agrees, <HI>lib. de Nat. Hom.</HI> who u&s;es deob&s;truents, and afterwards things to purge Bile. Therefore we mu&s;t proceed to &s;tronger Aperients. And though <HI>Galen, lib. de Purg. Med.</HI> boa&s;t, that he has cured Icte|ricks pre&s;ently with one Purge; that Jaundice was from heat of the Liver, and redundance of Bile, without any ob&s;truction of the pa&s;&s;ages. There|fore two ounces of <HI>Syrupus Fernelii Cachecticus</HI> will be very proper in &s;ome aperient Broth, to which, if a ju&s;t evacuation &s;ucceed, the taking of it mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on for twelve or fifteen days: But if not, more efficacious aperients mu&s;t be given, as <HI>Crocus Martis Aperitivus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 14. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> made with the Acid of Sul|phur, with Extract of Rheubarb, Ammoniack, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. In a new Jaundice, Emetick Medicines, while the Tone and Faculties of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are good, often give relief; ina&s;much namely as they rid the Stomach of a load of Phlegm, wherewith almo&s;t always it is burthened in this Di&s;ea&s;e. Moreover, by irritating the choledochal Ve&s;&s;els, and by &s;ha|king all the hepatick ducts, they both open their ob&s;tructions, and make a pa&s;&s;age for the Bile by the u&s;ual ways.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. A Boy ill of a Drop&s;ie devoured &s;even or nine Lice, the Di&s;ea&s;e by degrees di&s;appeared, and in the room of it there followed Palene&s;s, exce&s;&s;ive Appetite, Atrophy and Death. When his Body was opened, there appeared an unu&s;ual clu&s;ter of Lice, of a mon&s;trous bigne&s;s. If they doe any good at all in the Jaundice,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hannae<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, <HI>Act. Dom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. an.</HI> 1675. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 23.</NOTE> they doe it by their Volatile Salt, which makes the Ob&s;tructions to remove, and the liquour nece&s;&s;ary for our bodies to move more briskly.</P>
<P N="7">VII. I Judge, whether there be an Ob&s;tructi|on of any Bilary Duct, or no &s;uch thing can be &s;up|po&s;ed, the Bile then undergoes a notable change, by rea&s;on whereof it is carried more impetuou&s;ly and copiou&s;ly towards the bloud, with which not|with&s;tanding it is not &s;o well mixt as it u&s;ed, but is onely confounded with it, and therefore it more ea&s;ily recedes from the bloud, and not onely joins it &s;elf to the Skin and external parts, but joins it &s;elf al&s;o to the Mu&s;cles and the Inwards, and dies and tinges them with its colour. For Bile natu|rally con&s;tituted, both in the &s;mall gut and in the right Ventricle of the heart, is not onely loo&s;ly, but intimately mixt with the occurrent humours: and &s;o indeed, that it cannot any more be &s;epara|ted from them: Which union is made by rea&s;on of the efferve&s;cence of it in both places upon its meeting with an Acid. Both the &s;aid efferve&s;cen|ces are either dimini&s;hed, or taken away. The cure therefore of the Jaundice will con&s;i&s;t in this, Fir&s;t, in taking away the more remote cau&s;es. Se|condly, In correcting and removing the mediate cau&s;es, glutinous Phlegm, &s;topping the bilary duct, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Thirdly, In amending the proximate cau&s;e, cor|rupt and vitiated Bile, being too &s;pirituous, and rendred unfit for efferve&s;cence, that it may be car|ried again to the Guts. Fourthly, In taking away the di&s;colouring of the Skin. Glutinous Phlegm is corrected and incided with Aromaticks and volatile Salts. When it is corrected, Phlegmagogues carry it off, which may al&s;o &s;erve for Correction; for Example; Take of Root of Madder, greater Ce|landine, Smallage, each half an ounce, Flowers of Broom half a handfull, Seeds of Columbine, Par&s;ly, Ani&s;e, each 2 drachms, crude Tartar 1 drachm and an half. Boil them in an equal quantity of White|wine and water, what is &s;ufficient. In twenty oun|ces of the Colature di&s;&s;olve of <HI>Syrupus Diacnicu,</HI> Sy|rup of Cichory with Rheubarb each 1 ounce and an half. Mix them. Let the Patient take &s;ome of this Apozeme twice or thrice a day, &s;o as he may have two or three &s;tools, and may void the Choler together with the Phlegm. When the Jaundice comes from the poi&s;on of a Viper, or from any o|ther, then, to correct and expell it, all Sudorificks abounding with a volatile Salt are good, which an|&s;wer both Indications. Hither conduces <HI>Antimoni|um Diaphoreticum</HI> to fifteen grains, <HI>Bezoardicum minerale,</HI> to half a &s;cruple, volatile Salt of Hart&s;horn, or of any Animal, got by di&s;tillation: and if it be &s;trong, five or &s;ix drops or grains of it, often given in &s;ome convenient liquour. Treacle al&s;o is good, and va|rious preparations of Vipers. The Bile of Icte|ricks, that is depraved and vitiated, and made too &s;pirituous, will be amended e&s;pecially by oily and fat things, by means whereof an aptitude to right efferve&s;cence, is re&s;tored to the Bile. Thus I have cured &s;everal of the Jaundice, by giving them five or &s;ix ounces of a decoction of Hemp&s;eed in fat Cow's Milk, boiled till it bur&s;t, and &s;trained, twice or thrice aday. Thus al&s;o, having premi&s;ed what ought, I have &s;everal times &s;ucce&s;sfully cured a Jaundice by giving one drachm of any Soap di&s;|&s;olved in warm Milk and Sugar, once or twice a day. Soap indeed &s;eems to doe good, as by its lixi|vial Salt it di&s;&s;olves the ob&s;truction in the inte&s;tinal Bilary duct; which (becau&s;e it cannot be &s;aid of Hemp&s;eed, which cures the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e) I &s;up|po&s;e is good; Fir&s;t, Upon account of the Lixivial Salt, but fixt, of which it is made, as it being joyn|ed to the Bile, corrupted by its exce&s;&s;ive &s;pirituo|&s;ity, corrects and dimini&s;hes the too great volati|lity and &s;pirituo&s;ity thereof, by a&s;&s;uming to it &s;elf &s;ome &s;hare of the volatile Spirit luxuriant in the Bile. And, Secondly, Upon account of the fat or oil, but thick, and not at all Aromatick or Volatile, by means whereof it takes off the edge of the vola|tile and &s;pirituous Salt, which has the predomi|nance in the Bile. This opinion of mine &s;eems to be confirmed by Saffron, familiar in the cure of the Jaundice, which being commended for its fat|ne&s;s, in that very thing, favours my opinion; for Saffron is ea&s;ily joined to a volatile Spirit. There|fore volatile Spirits may be fixt and bound, and brought to tranquillity with fat and oily things. Whence it appears, if, when they are joined with the Bile, in too great a quantity, or exalted in it, they cau&s;e a Jaundice, by making it more volatile and moveable; that this &s;aid volatility and mobili|ty of Spirits mu&s;t be conquer'd by oily things, and &s;uch as cau&s;e gentle &s;leep, and thereby the Jaun|dice mu&s;t be cured. The di&s;colouring of the Skin goes away of it &s;elf, but it's &s;ooner removed by
<PB N="316" REF="164"> &s;ubtile Sudorificks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and things endued with a vola|tile Salt, whether Sweat follow or not.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In this cla&s;s of Medicines, whereby the Ictericious dy&s;cra&s;ie of the bloud is intended to be relieved, Chalybeate Medicines &s;eem to have a place of right, wherefore they doe as great good in the Jaundice as in other di&s;ea&s;es of Cachexy, as well by opening the ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, as by depre&s;&s;ing the efferations of the Sulphur and fixt Salt, and by volatilizing the bloud. There|fore filings of Steel, or its Powder (the Mineral frame of it being di&s;&s;olved) or the Vitriolick Salt extracted, may conveniently be added to Decocti|ons and Infu&s;ions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Hence it is, that the Waters &s;ometimes cure Ictericks to a miracle, who have been left to the Progno&s;tick: Though al&s;o the&s;e drunk in a large quantity, as they pa&s;s through all the Ve&s;&s;els, do al&s;o open the hepatict ducts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> how much &s;oever &s;topt.</P>
<P N="10">X. If a hot Intemperature of the Liver be the cau&s;e, it mu&s;t be altered, whether it be with or without an Inflammation; But this I advi&s;e, that their coun&s;el mu&s;t not be taken, who u&s;e external Medicines actually cold and a&s;tringent to the Liver: for they hinder the pa&s;&s;age of the Bile to the whole body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and &s;o for an intemperature they rai&s;e an Ery&s;ipelaceous Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Since it is difficult to know when &s;tones a|ri&s;e from Bile, no wonder, if the cure of them look like an unheard of thing to many Phy&s;icians: Yet becau&s;e, when &s;tones after death are found in the Gall-bladder, the re&s;t of the Bile looks like Lees of Oil, and is full of filth and &s;ub&s;iding dregs, as I have &s;everal times &s;een voided by Vomit, I &s;hould think that in &s;uch, there were fear le&s;t &s;ome part of the Bile might turn to &s;tones, whil&s;t another turns to &s;uch excrements. And therefore then Medicines &s;hould be u&s;ed to di&s;&s;olve the&s;e Bilious &s;tones, and to hinder any concretion. Among things that di&s;&s;olve Bilious &s;tones, I make no &s;cruple to place Roots of Gra&s;s, and the Herb it &s;elf, either di&s;tilled, or which I prefer, boiled or brui&s;ed, and the juice &s;queezed out of it, making it palatable with Sugar, &s;ince it is known by abundant experi|ence, that Cows and Sheep, which in Winter feed on Hay, and in who&s;e Biliary duct a &s;trong or calcu|lous cru&s;t grows, when in the Month of <HI>May</HI> they feed on green gra&s;s again, are, by degrees, freed from that Ail. A certain Argument, that in green and fre&s;h gra&s;s there is a virtue to di&s;&s;olve &s;tones, which peri&s;hes, when Gra&s;s is dried into Hay. Spi|rit of Nitre al&s;o is good; which I therefore com|mend in this ca&s;e, and e&s;pecially when it is made &s;weet and mild with Spirit of Wine, which may &s;afely be taken to ten or twelve drops in this or the other drink &s;everal times a day. Volatile Salts, and e&s;pecially oily ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE> hinder a new concre|tion.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Although the black Jaundice come e&s;peci|ally from &s;ome fault in the Spleen; yet, I think, <HI>Platerus</HI> his opinion, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>tract.</HI> 3. <HI>cup.</HI> 2. &s;hould not wholly be rejected. Who judges, that its cau&s;e is preternatural Bile, corrupted in the me&s;araick ve&s;&s;els, and there growing black, becau&s;e it is not probable that &s;uch Bile can come from the Spleen, &s;eeing it has no cavity or <HI>Sinus</HI> there where it can be gathered; nor does there come any vein from the Spleen, by which it can be carried to the <HI>Cava. Sennertus</HI> endeavours to reconcile this to the com|mon opinion, judging, that black choler, after it has been gathered in the me&s;araick veins, when abun|dance of it comes to the Liver, is mingled with the yellow choler, and gathered in the Gall Bladder, and the colour of the yellow choler is changed thereby, which, unle&s;s it be evacuated by conveni|ent ways, is diffu&s;ed with the bloud all over the body, and cau&s;es the black Jaundice; notwith&s;tand|ing that there is no branch, which reaches from the Spleen to the <HI>Cava,</HI> becau&s;e by means of the <HI>vena portae,</HI> the humours gathered about the Spleen may reach to the Liver, and may be derived to the re&s;t of the body.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Although there be &s;ome agreement be|tween the Scurvey and the black Jaundice, as both di&s;ea&s;es come from &s;ome fault in the Spleen, through the weakne&s;s of which, in each of them, the re&s;t of the body is affected: But notwith&s;tanding, &s;ince the manner of hurt, as is manife&s;t by divers &s;igns, is far different, therefore it follows, that the <GAP DESC="foreign">, or <HI>principal thing capable,</HI> of each di&s;ea&s;e, to wit, the Spleen, is differently out of order. This diver&s;ity introduces a diver&s;ity of cure, ina&s;much as in the Scurvey, we have not regard &s;imply to abun|dance of melancholick bloud, and ob&s;tructions of the Spleen, as we have in the Jaundice; but we are forced to be mo&s;t &s;olicitous about a certain &s;pecifick corruption, the proper matter of the Scurvey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Probl. Dec.</HI> 7. <HI>Qu.</HI> 6.</NOTE> which requires its peculiar and proper remedies.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2 <HI>de morb. n.</HI> 1. would have the veins under the Tongue opened in the black Jaun|dice. <HI>Petrus Salius</HI> thinks, this cure has re&s;pect to a Symptome, not to the Cau&s;e, which is &s;tore of black choler in the large veins. But &s;eeing this is a pro|duction of the external Jugular, which is a branch of the <HI>&s;uperclavia,</HI> and of the <HI>cava a&s;cendens,</HI> What &s;hould hinder, when it is much exhau&s;ted, that le&s;s of the greater bloud may be exhau&s;ted, but that it may much alleviate this Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> &s;ince it does more nighly and quickly evacuate, than the veins of the Armes.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians. For the Yellow Jaundice.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> A drachm of Gum Ammoniack di&s;&s;olved in 2 or 3 ounces of <HI>Oxymel,</HI> or <HI>Hydromel,</HI> given for four days, or more, five hours before Meal, cures the Jaundice to a Miracle.</P>
<P N="2">2. One recovered onely by taking conden&s;ated juice of Cichory.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. One was cured of this di&s;ea&s;e by Con&s;erve of Flowers of Broom and Marigold.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> A Decoction of Root of Celandine cures the Jaundice.</P>
<P N="5">5.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hayne.</NOTE> A Decoction of Strawberry-leaves carries off the Tartar, as I have often &s;een.</P>
<P N="6">6. A Decoction, or the Powder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pauli.</NOTE> or the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Scorzonera</HI>-Root, is very good in a contumacious Jaundice.</P>
<P N="7">7.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Quercetanus</NOTE> The White Excrement of Chickens is a mo&s;t certain Medicine.</P>
<P N="8">8. Take &s;ome Goo&s;e-dung, di&s;&s;olve it in Worm-wood-wine. Drink it hot in the morning for three days, and Sweat upon it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schmid.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ileus,</HI> or the Twi&s;ting of the Guts.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The true method of Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits &s;ometimes doe good. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes very &s;trong Purges are proper. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by a Rupture in the Groin, cured by Antimonial Cly|&s;ters. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It does not depend upon the &s;topping of the Guts. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from Phlegm, we mu&s;t not immediately proceed to &s;trong attenuants. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quick-&s;ilver may &s;afely be given. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hippocrates</HI> his way of cure by a Smith's Bellows. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some cured by drinking of Wine. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Treacle may be given? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="317" REF="164">
<ITEM>The efficacy of laxative and emollient Fomentations. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Bath is proper? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it be in the &s;mall Guts, what &s;uch Cly&s;ters &s;hould be u&s;ed? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;n&s;ea&s;onable Fomentations, and violent forcing back of the Gut, often do increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the Colick, turning into the Iliack Pa&s;&s;ion. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;ingular Cure of an <HI>Ileus. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by Incarceration of the Gut, mu&s;t be cured by Section in the Groin. <HI>XVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN the Iliack Pa&s;&s;ion the cau&s;e of inver&s;ion of the peri&s;taltick motion of the Guts is u&s;u|ally thus. Sharp and malignant humours are di&s;|charged by the bloud in a fever newly begun, into the Stomach and Guts, next at hand, whereby the Stomach is fir&s;t forced to invert its motion, and with great violence to throw up the trouble&s;ome matter contained in it, by the Mouth. Then the &s;mall Guts joined to it, being already weakned, give way to the &s;trong motion of the Stomach, and with the&s;e the greater are drawn into con&s;ent, the Stomach inclining to vomit, leading the dance. This Di&s;ea&s;e I call the true <HI>Ileus</HI> or Twi&s;ting of the Guts. The method of curing it has hitherto been unknown, whatever &s;ome may boa&s;t of the u&s;e of Quick&s;ilver and Bullets, which be&s;ides that they doe little good, they often doe a great deal of harm. I take this method with &s;ucce&s;s. When it is plain from Cly&s;ters rejected by the Mouth, and from other &s;igns, that it is a true <HI>Ileus,</HI> then I en|deavour the&s;e three things; 1. To hinder that con|trary motion in the Stomach, which cau&s;es a like motion in the Guts: 2. To &s;trengthen the Guts weakned with the &s;harp humour: 3. To free the Stomach and Guts of tho&s;e humours. To &s;atisfie which Indications, I in&s;i&s;t upon the Cure in this manner: 1. I pre&s;cribe 1 &s;cruple of Salt of Worm-wood to be taken morning and evening in a &s;poon|full of Juice of Lemons; and between whiles I give a few &s;poonfulls of di&s;tilled Mint-water, with|out Sugar or any other addition, twice every hour, by the repeated u&s;e of which even alone both the Vomiting and Pain ari&s;ing from it will quickly va|ni&s;h. While the&s;e things are doing, I order a young Whelp to lye continually to the Belly. But after the Pain and Vomiting have cea&s;ed for about a day or two, then I give a drachm of <HI>Pil. coch. maj.</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Mint-water, which Water (that I may more certainly prevent the return of the Vomiting) I order to be taken often all the time of Purging: Nor mu&s;t the Whelp be removed, before the Pati|ent take his Purge. I have ob&s;erved, it is to no purpo&s;e, to give the&s;e Pills, or any other Cathar|tick how &s;trong &s;oever, till the Stomach be &s;trength|ned, and &s;o reduced to its natural motion, and the Guts al&s;o be reduced to their natural motion, for otherwi&s;e all Catharticks that are taken will prove emetick, and will doe more harm than good. This is the rea&s;on that I offer no violence by Pur|gatives, till for &s;ome time I have u&s;ed tho&s;e Medi|cines that re&s;pect the Stomach. I pre&s;cribe a very &s;pare Diet; &s;o that I allow no more than a few &s;poonfulls of Chicken-broth to be taken twice or thrice a day. But in the mean time I order the Pa|tient to keep his Bed all the time of his Sickne&s;s, till &s;igns of a perfect cure appear; and al&s;o I order him for a long time after his recovery to per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of the fore&s;aid Water, and to fence his Bel|ly well with a double Flanel from the cold, that he may not relap&s;e, which People in this, above any other Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> are apt to doe.</P>
<P N="2">II. Concerning a Vomit Que&s;tion may be made: for if the Twi&s;ting of the Guts have the mortal vo|miting (of the Ordure) it &s;eems not to be irrita|ted: Notwith&s;tanding, it is convenient at the be|ginning of the Inflammation onely, to wit, when much corrupt and &s;harp excrements are gathered in the Stomach and upper Guts, which may be tran&s;|mitted to the Inflammation: for if the humours do not abound in the&s;e fir&s;t ways, a Vomit is dan|gerous. It is good al&s;o in an <HI>Ileus</HI> from &s;harp hu|mours; for if &s;uch be gathered in the Stomach and Guts, by rea&s;on of bad Food or Phy&s;ick, they mu&s;t be purged by Vomit. But the Vomits mu&s;t be very gentle and epicera&s;tick, as Warm-water, Barley-water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Becau&s;e at the beginning of the Inflammati|on the <HI>faeces</HI> are retained, it is &s;ufficient to give Me|dicines, that are cool and repre&s;s the Inflammati|on, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia, Elect. Diaprun. &s;impl.</HI> Whey of Goat's milk in abundance: But when the Inflammation is in|crea&s;ed, the&s;e things doe no good, and we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;tronger Medicines: Then <HI>Elect. de &s;ucc. Ro&s;ar. Ro&s;at. Me&s;ues,</HI> about half an ounce with 3 drachms of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is proper: And Oil of &s;weet Almonds with four or five grains of <HI>Diagridium,</HI> and a little Sugar of Ro&s;es. In this ca&s;e we may try all things, ra|ther than &s;uffer the excrements to come up at the Mouth; therefore we may venture on Antimony or <HI>Elaterium,</HI> which may be given in a &s;mall quanti|ty, about four or five grains in Wine, whatever the matter be. And let no Man object, that the Inflammation prohibits the&s;e things, for an Inflam|mation, when it is fixt, is treated with hot and dige&s;ting things: therefore though they be hot, they doe no harm, and the abundance of excre|ment retained does more harm, than Phy&s;ick does, if it purge.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Therefore no mean Phy&s;icians in deplo|rable ca&s;es give Quick&s;ilver, which pre&s;ently cau|&s;es a &s;tool by its weight. &para; Some &s;ucce&s;sfully give a Pill of Gla&s;s of Antimony, which makes way by its weight, and by its cathartick virtue di&s;charges the excrements.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A Woman about thirty years old had had a groin rupture, which &s;welled a little, for two years, after a di&s;orderly motion of her Body, &s;he was taken with frequent Vomitings, and brought up her ordure, and what &s;he brought up was very offen&s;ive, by its foetidne&s;s, both to the Patient and to the By-&s;tanders. She was cured by five Antimo|nial Cly&s;ters, a Loo&s;ne&s;s following for &s;everal days, which exceeding required the help of <HI>Opium,</HI> and found it propitious. Such operations as the&s;e may be tried, if the lo&s;s of &s;trength and de&s;peratene&s;s of the Inflammation do not hinder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinecius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Cly&s;ters, yea, and Suppo&s;itories, being brought up by Vomit, do &s;ufficiently te&s;tifie, that in an <HI>Ileus,</HI> the pa&s;&s;age of the Guts is not &s;o &s;topt, as is com|monly reckoned, but there is rather an inverted motion of the expul&s;ive faculty in the Guts. <HI>Galen</HI> acknowledged this cau&s;e clearly enough, 2. <HI>de Sympt. cau&s;. cap.</HI> 3. &s;o that it is a wonder this has not been taken notice of by Practitioners, con&s;idering that it is of no &s;mall moment towards the Cure, but when the fibres are relaxed, this motion a|bates. And Experience it &s;elf te&s;tifies, that &s;uch evacuations are often increa&s;ed by &s;trengthners and a&s;tringents, and on the contrary are checkt by laxa|tives and emollients.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. We may not, upon the &s;core of Phlegm, pro|ceed to very attenuating things, as to generous Wine with <HI>Aqua vitae, Elixir. vitae</HI> with Cinnamon water, pre&s;cribed by <HI>Mercatus</HI> and <HI>Salius:</HI> But fir&s;t of all, let him take about five ounces of fre&s;h Oil of &s;weet Al|monds, with four ounces of Lin&s;eed Oil; about &s;ix or &s;even hours after let him go into a Bath of &s;weet Oil, to which an emollient and laxative decocti|on may be poured. When he is got out of the Bath, and wiped, let him take 10 drachms of fre&s;h <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> after which, if there be no fear of Vomiting, let him drink &s;ome Broth altered with Mallows; then let him go to &s;leep, let him take a little but very nutritive food, and after eating let him go to &s;leep again; and about four hours after let him take a Cly&s;ter to &s;often and evacuate the excrements; Take of a decoction of Mallow, Betes, Mercury,
<PB N="318" REF="165"> Chamaemil, 1 pound; <HI>Mel ro&s;ar. &s;olut.</HI> Oil of &s;weet Almonds, each 3 ounces; Sal Gem 3 drachms, Yelks of Eggs N^o 2. Mix them. When this is done, we mu&s;t re&s;t, or rather the laxatives mu&s;t be repeated, to wit, fre&s;h Oil of &s;weet Almonds mixt with Oil of bitter Almonds, or a little Wine of <HI>Crete,</HI> and the Patient mu&s;t be put again in the Bath. To which, if the Di&s;ea&s;e will not give way, we mu&s;t proceed to tu|mefacients, to things that remove the excrements, and thru&s;t them down with their weight.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Several Authours te&s;tifie that Quick&s;ilver may be taken without any harm, for by its weight it does di&s;intangle and loo&s;e the Gut that is as it were tied on a knot, thru&s;ting down the hardened and &s;topping excrements. <HI>H. ab Heers</HI> affirms he has often &s;een it given without any harm, when it has been often &s;trained through a leather, it being voi|ded in a moment and carrying the excrements a|long with it. After taking of it he pre&s;ently gave a Cly&s;ter of pure <HI>Crete</HI> Wine; by means whereof he has &s;aved &s;everal, that have been ready to die of the exce&s;&s;ive ten&s;ion of the <HI>Colon.</HI> &para; <HI>Paraeus</HI> &s;ays &s;everal have been cured by drinking three pounds of it onely in water; but &s;o great a quantity is &s;u&s;picious: for there is danger of extingui&s;hing the innate heat by its cold, and of the concretion of the bloud in the veins. Some give two ounces in a rear Egg, but one has had very good &s;ucce&s;s. &para; <HI>Petrus Pena,</HI> as <HI>Vel&s;chius ob&s;.</HI> 43. relates, clean&s;ed the Quick&s;ilver from the leaden part by boiling it with Wine and Vinegar, and then pa&s;&s;ing it through a leather, then he tied it in a bunch with a thread, in a thin parchment wherein Gold had been beaten: he inclo&s;ed an ounce and an half of Quick&s;ilver &s;o purified, and covered it with a glew made of Gum Tragacanth, and when it was dried in a gentle fir<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, he took off the thread, and gave the Patient the Pill to &s;wallow, dipt in Honey or Syrup; &s;o the glew being pre&s;ently di&s;&s;olved in the Stomach, the Quick&s;ilver purged plentifully. One was cu|red by twice taking &s;uch a thing.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 3 <HI>de morbis,</HI> propounds as the la&s;t Remedy <HI>blowing</HI> into the Belly <HI>by a Smith's bellows,</HI> after which an emollient Cly&s;ter with trochi&s;es of Alhandal &s;hould be given, that the excrements may be got out. <HI>Aurelianus</HI> di&s;approves of this Remedy, becau&s;e the Wind that is forced in with the Bel|lows may doe harm by its coldne&s;s. Yet this Re|medy is good, upon the experience of <HI>Amatus Lu&s;ita|nus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 100. and of <HI>Epiphanius Ferdinandus,</HI> who &s;aved the life of <HI>J. Altimarus</HI> his Son by it, when he was ready to die of the Iliack pa&s;&s;ion. For it does not onely good by untwi&s;ting the Guts, but by opening a grievous and contumacious ob&s;tructi|on, by dilating the Gut.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>In the twi&s;ting of the &s;mall Guts much cold mere Wine mu&s;t be given, according to rea&s;on, till &s;leep or pain in the Legs ari&s;e,</HI> Hippocr. 2. <HI>epidem. &s;ect.</HI> 6. He &s;hews a ve|ry fine way of curing an <HI>Ileus,</HI> and one that I have often experienced; not of every one, but of that which is cau&s;ed by a gro&s;s Wind di&s;tending the &s;mall Guts, or carrying the hard excrements to the &s;mall Guts, or by a cold Juice &s;ettled there. For nothing will better cure &s;uch an one than mere Wine: for it concocts crude things, extenuates gro&s;s ones, di&s;|&s;ipates Wind, dige&s;ts and carries it through the Bo|dy: Wherefore either by concocting or di&s;&s;ipa|ting the cau&s;e, or thru&s;ting it into another place, it cures this Di&s;ea&s;e: For Wine u&s;es to cau&s;e &s;leep or pain in the Limbs, and both the&s;e things are whol&s;ome in this Di&s;ea&s;e. Sleep indeed, becau&s;e by re&s;t and indolence the faculty is refre&s;hed, and the heat being called inwards, the cau&s;e is concoc|ted: The Pain in the limbs or joints, becau&s;e when &s;uch an Ab&s;ce&s;s is made, the former Di&s;ea&s;e u&s;es to cea&s;e, as we have it very ob&s;ervable in Gou|ty per&s;ons; There is &s;carce a Di&s;ea&s;e from which they are not freed, when the Gout comes upon them. For, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> it is impo&s;&s;ible that all things &s;hould be in pain at once. There|fore the&s;e very Rea&s;ons convince us that Wine is good, becau&s;e it cau&s;es &s;leep and pain in the Legs, and when it does either of the&s;e things, it is e|nough. For if in the&s;e pains Stupefiers be often u&s;efull, becau&s;e they cau&s;e &s;leep, which yet are o|therwi&s;e hurtfull to the Di&s;ea&s;e; How much better is Wine then, which is both &s;ommiferous, and of it &s;elf good to take away the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e? Yet it will not doe the&s;e things every way, but, that it may be able to doe them effectually, give much of it and mere Wine: for diluted or in a &s;mall quantity, it neither cau&s;es &s;leep nor pain in the Legs: Much of it, if it be given all at once, cannot be kept, but will pre&s;ently be vomited up again, or if it were kept, it could not be concoc|ted by the weak faculty; therefore it would grow &s;owre, and being turned to Vinegar it would in|crea&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e. Therefore much mere Wine mu&s;t be given by little and little, by frequent and &s;mall draughts, &s;o it will be kept and be concoc|ted, and will help to concoct, and doe other good offices.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. In a Twi&s;ting of the Guts, from &s;harp and malignant humours, <HI>Aetius</HI> commends Treacle after Vomiting, to whom all his Succe&s;&s;ors adhere. But I &s;hould recommend Treacle or other Alexiphar|macks onely when the poi&s;on is cold, for in hot poi&s;ons you mu&s;t rather u&s;e Milk or Whey, mixt with water of Sorel, <HI>Terra Lemnia,</HI> or &s;ome other Alexipharmack, but cooling.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. It has been ob&s;erved &s;ometimes, when &s;eve|ral Cly&s;ters, and very &s;trong ones have done no|thing, that external emollients of the Belly by fomentations, anointings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> have done much good: Emollient Cly&s;ters al&s;o may be given. Nor would it be u&s;ele&s;s to take emollient things by the mouth, as Oil of &s;weet Almonds, fat Broths, with Mallow, or Mar&s;h-mallow, boiled in them; Seeing that Maid in <HI>Matthaeus de Gradibus, cap. de Vomitu,</HI> who in the Iliack pa&s;&s;ion vomited up both Cly&s;ters and Suppo&s;itories, was cured with fat Broths, when other Medicines had been u&s;ed in vain; And al|though &s;uch things &s;hould be rejected by Vomit once and again; yet the taking of them mu&s;t be con|tinued: For &s;o, when the fibres of the Guts are relaxed, their perver&s;e motion is quieted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. In an <HI>Ileus</HI> from Inflammation I do not at all commend a Bath admini&s;tred to the whole Body, though <HI>Rondeletius</HI> approves it; for if it be cold, it drives the humours inwards; if hot, it melts and colliquates them, and renders them inclinable to the place affected; As <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o 12 <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 3. has ob&s;erved. But a Bath is convenient in an <HI>Ileus</HI> from hardened Excrements, whether it be of Water al|tered with Emollient things, or of Oil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. When the Di&s;ea&s;e is an Inflammation in the &s;mall Guts, &s;harp Cly&s;ters are not proper, le&s;t the excrements be drawn to the part affected from the remote parts, nor over deter&s;ive ones, le&s;t by ir|ritating they increa&s;e the Pain: It is hurtfull al&s;o, when a great quantity is given, which reaches al|mo&s;t to the part affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. If the Rupture of the Guts be &s;o great, that when they are got out at a little hole, they cannot get back again by the &s;ame hole, and can|not afford a pa&s;&s;age for the excrements downwards, it occa&s;ions an Inflammation and Gangrene; which are often increa&s;ed, or produced by fomentations, applied ami&s;s and overhot, as al&s;o by a prepo&s;te|rous and violent rubbing of the &s;welled part; and by the violent forcing back of the &s;wollen Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. A young Man twenty four years old, of a melancholick con&s;titution, fell into the Colick, which, after many things had been tried in vain, degenerated into the Iliack pa&s;&s;ion, with &s;traitne&s;s about the Heart, he &s;wallowed a leaden Bullet of 2 drachms weight, well covered with 1 drachm of Quick&s;ilver, and le&s;t it &s;hould hurt his Jaws or rai&s;e
<PB N="319" REF="165"> a Ptyali&s;m, it was artificially wrapt up: After three hours he broke wind and had ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lchior Fribe,</HI> in Mi&s;c. cur. on. <HI>1672.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>96.</HI></NOTE> and the fourth hour there followed two &s;tools, in which he voided above &s;ix pounds of matter of party colours, yet he recovered without any harm.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. A poor Woman, after an ill cour&s;e of Diet, fell into an ob&s;truction of the Belly, which la&s;ted three weeks, &s;o that &s;he brought up the excre|ments at her mouth, as in an <HI>Ileus.</HI> Divers things were u&s;ed, without any benefit. At length &s;he often drank the Juice of <HI>Bardorffe</HI> Apples, that were rotten, to about &s;ix pounds, upon which &s;he grew loo&s;e, and the Woman narrowly e&s;caped Death.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. If the Iliack pa&s;&s;ion be joined with a Rup|ture, a &s;upervening mortal &s;ign whereof is the vo|miting of the Chyle and Excrements, when the Gut <HI>Ileon</HI> is &s;lipt into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> after the falling down of which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> never &s;aw any Man reco|ver, the onely way of Cure, if there be any, is, as &s;oon as the violent pain of the left &s;ide of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> reaching, vomiting, and &s;uch things have convinced you of the Gut <HI>Ileon</HI> being &s;lipt; Then, without delay, the very &s;ame day the ligament or <HI>vinculum inguinis</HI> mu&s;t be cut in &s;under with a Razor, that is, where the <HI>peritonaeum</HI> is joined with the Groin by a coat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Duretus, <HI>comm. in</HI> Holletium.</NOTE> or the te&s;ticle of the &s;ame &s;ide may be cut out.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A Decoction of Dill is admirable good, though Men do vomit after drinking of it, Bread mu&s;t be put in warm water, and immediately warm pieces of it mu&s;t be give to eat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aegineta.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. This gives great ea&s;e, Let 4 ounces of Wine of <HI>Crete,</HI> and 16 ounces of Oil be boiled together, to the con&s;umption of the Wine, this given for a Cly&s;ter mitigates pain, cau&s;es &s;leep, &s;oftens the ex|crements,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE> and breaks wind.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Bloud of a Bat anointed on the <HI>hypochon|dria</HI> by admirable experience is reckoned to &s;top the pains of the Twi&s;ting of the Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo&euml;l.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. They that are held of this Di&s;ea&s;e, are won|derfully relieved, although they vomit their or|dure, if they eat pieces of hot bread dipt in oil. They will be &s;aved, though they were in a manner dead.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oriba&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Spirit of Turpentine, given inwardly, egregi|ou&s;ly di&s;&s;olves the Tartar, and cau&s;es the Excre|ments to de&s;cend and pa&s;s the natural way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. If the Di&s;ea&s;e come from thick and vi&s;cid Phlegm, a Decoction, or Infu&s;ion, or Water of Radi&s;h is highly approved, and al&s;o &s;trong Wine, in which inciding and attenuating Herbs have been boiled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhudius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Inappetentia,</HI> or, Want of Appetite.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Phlegm, which is the Cau&s;e of it, mu&s;t be heated by little and little. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It requires rather the correcting &s;ome fault in the Liver, than in the Stomach. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Spirit of Vitriol recovers an Appetite? <HI>III.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>(<HI>See</HI> Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach, <HI>BOOK</HI> XVIII.)</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BILE and Phlegm e&s;pecially hinder the &s;en&s;e of Appetite. Concerning Phlegm it mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that it, as it is cold, indicates heating things, yet it mu&s;t not be done all at once and on a &s;udden, le&s;t the humours being &s;uddenly di&s;&s;olved breed wind, and be di&s;tributed into the whole Body, and cau&s;e ob&s;tructions: wherefore here we mu&s;t act with caution: and fir&s;t of all, we mu&s;t take care that the Patient eat and drink &s;pa|ringly, and u&s;e an attenuating Diet. Salt Meats al|&s;o may be given the fir&s;t me&s;s, becau&s;e Salt has an inciding and attenuating virtue, and afterwards things that have a deter&s;ive faculty may be u&s;ed, &s;uch as the decoction of Cabbage, boiled but a little. But fir&s;t of all, to attenuate, let <HI>Oxymel</HI> be given with a fourth part of Honey of Ro&s;es, afterwards that Medicine which is called <HI>Diatrion Pipereon,</HI> and that the &s;imple, which is onely made of the three &s;orts of Pepper: for although Pepper heat violently; yet it is of thin &s;ub&s;tance and parts, which are there|fore quickly di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, and therefore doe the Li|ver no harm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Lo&s;s of Appetite, and loathing of Fle&s;h e&s;peci|ally, follows the exce&s;&s;ive heat of the Liver (for Phy&s;icians are under a mi&s;take, who, when their Patients loath Fe&s;h, &s;o that they can &s;carce bear the &s;mell of it, think the Stomach is onely ill) Flowers of Cichory mu&s;t be given, either pre&s;erved with Sugar, or fre&s;h, and the ob&s;tructions of the me&s;a|raick Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be helped: For Flowers of Ci|chory do not onely help a hot Liver, but they ex|cite the faculty of the Stomach, and free from ob|&s;tructions. &para; Roots of Cichory, e&s;pecially the wild, have as much virtue in them and more.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. There are &s;ome, who perfectly abhor the u&s;e of Spirit of Vitriol, as appears from <HI>Sylvaticus controv.</HI> 48. and others, who infer &s;everal inconve|niences from the noxious qualities of common Vitri|ol not prepared and not &s;eparated from its impu|rities, but to no purpo&s;e, for it is one thing to con&s;ider what <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;corides</HI> &s;ay, where they onely &s;peak of crude Vitriol, another to con&s;ider prepared Vitriol, of which there is great variety, &s;o that it alone to &s;everal Hermeticks may &s;eem &s;ufficient to furni&s;h an Apothecaries &s;hop. The que|&s;tion here is concerning Spirit of Vitriol, which is now-a-days frequently u&s;ed. That it conduces much to check great putrefaction both Experience and <HI>Crato apud Scholtzium</HI> do te&s;tifie, though greater caution mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in dry Bodies than in moi&s;t. We likewi&s;e daily experience, that it does much good in a dejected Appetite, then e&s;pecially, when the internal parts of the Stomach are, as it were, lined and ob&s;tructed with pituitous and muci|laginous excrements, &s;o that the Spirits which cau&s;e hunger, that is, the innate heat of the Stomach, is oppre&s;&s;ed and rendred unfit to perform its operati|on. As it contains in it &s;elf a penetrating, inciding and clean&s;ing virtue, &s;o it attenuates, dige&s;ts and con&s;umes the mucilaginous matter and crudities. Wherefore con&s;equently it excites the hungry Spi|rits, that before were buried as it were, which produce the u&s;ual effects in extimulating the &s;en&s;e of the orifice, and breed hunger.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Infantium Regimen,</HI> or, The Regiment of Children.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<ITEM>The umbilical Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be tied neither too &s;trait, nor too loo&s;e. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Children new born &s;hould be wa&s;hed in hot or cold Water? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be &s;wathed too &s;trait. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Mother's milk be always be&s;t? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether new or old milk be better? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Nur&s;e who has her <HI>men&s;trua,</HI> &s;hould be rejected? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether great or &s;mall Brea&s;ts &s;hould be preferred? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Nur&s;e mu&s;t always be interdicted coition? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a fault in the Milk mu&s;t be amended? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of making Pap. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="320" REF="166">
<ITEM>When the Child &s;hould be weaned? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging by the Nur&s;e's milk. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t always be done by gentle things. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of giving Medicines by force. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Di&s;ea&s;es are very hard to cure. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Affectus,</HI> or, The Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>Ani Procidentia,</HI> or, The falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>If it be with Inflammation, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are good. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of A&s;tringent Powders. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Torpedo</HI> applied is a fallacious Medicine. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cauteries mu&s;t be applied in a pertinacious falling. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it mu&s;t be put up, when hindred by <HI>mucus. XX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aphthae,</HI> or, A Thru&s;h. (See <HI>Aphthae,</HI> BOOK <HI>I.</HI>)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Where Cupping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be &s;et? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it be malignant, we mu&s;t have regard to the Age. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ingratefull things mu&s;t not be put into the mouth. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Pomegranates be hurtfull? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes there is need of &s;tronger Medicines. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Butter be proper? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A grievous one cured by the u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum. XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Atrophia,</HI> or, Want of Nouri&s;hment. (See <HI>Atrophia,</HI> BOOK <HI>I.</HI>)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The enumeration of the Cau&s;es. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one cau&s;ed by a cold humour. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it accompanied with the Rickets. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one complicated with a Loo&s;ne&s;s. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by Worms. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it from Bewitching. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aurium Dolor, Inflammatio,</HI> or, A Pain, or Inflammation of the Ears. (See <HI>Aurium Affectus,</HI> BOOK <HI>I.</HI>)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Cupping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be applied and I&s;&s;ues made? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Water mu&s;t never be poured into them. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the White of an Egg be convenient in an Inflamma|tion? <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Catarrhus,</HI> or, A Catarrh. (See <HI>Catarrhus,</HI> BOOK <HI>III.</HI>)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether pouring Water upon the Head be &s;afe? <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks &s;ometimes doe good. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Claudicatio,</HI> or, Halting.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure of it, when it comes without putting out of joint. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Convul&s;ivi Motus, <HI>Convul&s;ive Motions. (See</HI> Convul&s;io, <HI>BOOK</HI> III.)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Convul&s;ion following Dentition cured by Bloudletting. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The prevention of one imminent. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an actual one. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it's cau&s;ed by breeding of Teeth, how it may be preven|ted? <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In this ca&s;e procuring of Sleep, and taking of Anti&s;pa&s;mo|dicks does good. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure, when the Cau&s;e lies in the Head. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure, when it lies in the parts of the lowe&s;t Belly. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure, when it comes from the Stomach and Guts. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Dentitio,</HI> or, Breeding of Teeth.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Hare's Brain is good. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;purious Dentition. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The chirurgical Cure of a difficult Dentition, becau&s;e of the hardne&s;s of the Gums. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> or, A Loo&s;ne&s;s.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Stopt, by putting a Child, that was weaned, to the Brea&s;t again. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence green &s;tools come? <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Qua&s;&s;atio Vertebrarum Dor&s;i,</HI> or, A Wrenching of the Back.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The way to re&s;tore it. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Epilep&s;ia,</HI> or, The Falling-&s;ickne&s;s. (See before, Convul&s;ion.)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Cured by purging the <HI>Meconium</HI> (or Ordure, it is born with) <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether burning the hind part of the Head be good? <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When, and for whom it is convenient? <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t be done with great caution. <HI>LVII, LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Ani&s;eeds. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Antepileptick powders is not &s;afe. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Febris,</HI> or, A Fever.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Scarification is to be preferred before Venae&s;ection. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The danger of Leeches. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cau&s;ed by a &s;harp Milk. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A lingring one from Ob&s;tructions. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirit of Sulphur may not be given them. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hernia,</HI> or, A Rupture. (See BOOK <HI>IX.) Hydrocephalus,</HI> or, The Drop&s;ie in the Head.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t proceed to Chirurgical Operation. <HI>LXVI, LXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where Section mu&s;t be made? <HI>LXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Apertion mu&s;t not be made upon the temporal Mu&s;cle. <HI>LXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Humour mu&s;t be evacuated by little and little. <HI>LXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Ligature mu&s;t be? <HI>LXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Tumour from a &s;harp <HI>Ichor</HI> mu&s;t be otherwi&s;e cured. <HI>LXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured onely by Swathing. <HI>LXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An I&s;&s;ue in the hind part of the Head dangerous. <HI>LXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Contu&s;ion in the Birth mi&s;taken for a <HI>Hydrocephalus. LXXV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Imperforati,</HI> or, They that are Im|perforate.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Cautions about the Cure. <HI>LXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Labiorum Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lips.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure of their Chapping. <HI>LXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it requires generous Remedies. <HI>LXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;cabby Swelling which would onely give way to an I&s;&s;ue between the Shoulders. <HI>LXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="321" REF="166">
<HEAD><HI>Linguae Fraenum,</HI> or, Tongue-tiedne&s;s.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not ra&s;hly be cut. <HI>LXXX, LXXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is tied in very few. <HI>LXXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;n&s;ea&s;onable cutting prejudicial both to the Nur&s;e and the Child. <HI>LXXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Maculae, Naevi,</HI> or, Marks and Moles.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They may be amended. <HI>LXXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by anointing with the bloud of the Secundine, fal&s;e. <HI>LXXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be taken off with caution. <HI>LXXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ob&s;tructiones,</HI> or, Ob&s;tructions.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Purges mu&s;t always be given before Aperients? <HI>LXXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right u&s;e of Aperients. <HI>LXXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may u&s;e Chalybeates? <HI>LXXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right admini&s;tration and preparation of them. <HI>XC.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The moderate u&s;e of Wine &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>XCI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Oris Inflammatio,</HI> or, An Inflammation of the Mouth.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Honey of Ro&s;es be convenient? <HI>XCII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Pavores,</HI> or, Frightfulne&s;s.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Wormwood be good? <HI>XCIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Scabies,</HI> or, The Itch.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be ra&s;hly cured. <HI>XCIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Cure mu&s;t be undertaken? <HI>XCV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Remedies mu&s;t be u&s;ed? <HI>XCVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Topical Medicines are proper? <HI>XCVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Scrofulae,</HI> or, The King's-evil.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Great caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed in the Cure. <HI>XCVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Seiria&s;is,</HI> or, An Inflammation of the Brain, and of its Membranes, attended with a Hollowne&s;s of the Mold of the Head, (which in <HI>Greek</HI> they call <GAP DESC="foreign">) and of the Eyes, a burning Fe|ver, Palene&s;s, Drine&s;s of the whole Bo|dy, and lo&s;s of Appetite. It is peculiar to Children. It may be called Head-mold-&s;hottenne&s;s mo&s;t properly.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It requires a different Cure from an <HI>Eri&s;ipelas. XCIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Care mu&s;t be taken in the u&s;e of external Coolers. <HI>C.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of applying things. <HI>CI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Tu&s;&s;is,</HI> or, A Cough.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Spa&s;modick one. <HI>CII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Brea&s;t ought to be anointed? <HI>CIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t &s;ometimes be cured by Bloud-letting. <HI>CIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Varae Tibiae,</HI> or, Crooked Legs.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They are often cured of them&s;elves, without Chirurgery. <HI>CV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Variolae,</HI> or, Small-pox. (See BOOK <HI>XVIII.) Ventris Dolor, Tumor,</HI> or, Pain and Swelling of the Belly.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Often cau&s;ed by touching of the Navel-&s;tring, when it is cut. <HI>CVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Milk. <HI>CVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hardne&s;s from ob&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els, how to be cured? <HI>CVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vermes,</HI> or, Worms. (See <HI>Lumbrici,</HI> BOOK <HI>X.</HI>)</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be killed, before they be carried off. <HI>CIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweet things mu&s;t be mixt with bitter. <HI>CX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be &s;weet. <HI>CXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines mu&s;t not be violent. <HI>CXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be given when the Stomach is empty. <HI>CXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Coralwort. <HI>CXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olved. <HI>CXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure is not the &s;ame when there is a Fever, as when there is none. <HI>CXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they mu&s;t be killed, when there is a Loo&s;ne&s;s? <HI>CXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> be proper? <HI>CXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Treacle may be given? <HI>CXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quicksilver not proper for all Ages. <HI>CXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of giving Aloes. <HI>CXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Crudities, which breed them, mu&s;t be taken away. <HI>CXXII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vigiliae,</HI> or, Want of Sleep.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Mu&s;t be otherwi&s;e cured than in grown people. <HI>CXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Saffron be good? <HI>CXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks mu&s;t not be given. <HI>CXXV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Umbilici Tumor, Inflammatio,</HI> or, Swel|ling and Inflammation of the Navel.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes a Chirurgical Cure is required. <HI>CXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Oil of Ro&s;es be good in the Inflammation? <HI>CXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Ab&s;ce&s;s ari&s;ing mu&s;t not be opened. <HI>CXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Swelling from a carnous &s;ub&s;tance. <HI>CXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from Bloud or arterious Spirit, it mu&s;t not be ope|ned. <HI>CXXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An effectual Pla&s;ter in the rupture of it. <HI>CXXXI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vomitus,</HI> or, Vomiting.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It proceeds from &s;everal Cau&s;es. <HI>CXXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strengthners of the Stomach, at what hour they mu&s;t be gi|ven? <HI>CXXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Regimen recens Natorum,</HI> or, The Re|giment of new born Children.</HEAD>
<P N="1">I. SOME unskilfull Midwives u&s;e &s;ometimes to tye the umbilical Ve&s;&s;els and Navel-&s;tring of Children; either too &s;trait, that it may the &s;ooner be cut off; or too loo&s;e, &s;o that the ligature is not &s;ufficient to keep in the bloud; As it happened to two Infants, who&s;e &s;trength was &s;o exhau&s;ted by bleeding that they could by no means be recovered. Therefore the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be carefully tied with a thread &s;everal times double: And, for the greater &s;ecurity, when they are cut off, &s;trew on this Powder, with which they mu&s;t al|ways be furni&s;hed; Take of Aloes, Frakincen&s;e, Dragon's-bloud, each 1 drachm; burnt Hart's-horn, <HI>Terra &s;igillata,</HI> Fine-flower, each 2 drachms; Hare's-down, cut very &s;mall, half a drachm. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Let the Midwife wa&s;h the new born Child gently with her hand, and let her have &s;wathes and clothes, as &s;oft as may be, in readine&s;s: for either to wa&s;h the body much, or more than once, or to &s;trew on a&s;tringent Powders or Salt onely, are u&s;u|ally the cau&s;es of more hurt than good, where|fore the u&s;e of them is de&s;ervedly left off; for it is better to clean the body with warm water at mo&s;t, than either with dry things to conden&s;e, or to heat, or cool, or &s;often the body, that is above mea&s;ure &s;oft, as they u&s;ed to doe of old. But if the Child be born cold, and full of mucous and
<PB N="322" REF="167"> vi&s;cid excrements, it is &s;ufficient to wa&s;h it in warm Wine, yea ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary. But if it be born lean, hot, and much extenuated, it is the wi&s;e&s;t cour&s;e, not onely pre&s;ently after it is born, but for three or four months time to anoint the Child, after making it clean, with Oil of <HI>Se&s;amum,</HI> when it goes to &s;leep. But in &s;uch bodies it is a very good way to put the Child to a Virgin, who mu&s;t be young, fle&s;hy, of a good habit, and fre&s;h coloured, who mu&s;t cheri&s;h the Child with her own heat in bed: For I have known &s;everal &s;aved by the benefit of this onely.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &para; Some Northern people wa&s;ht the bodies of their new-born Children in cold Water, yea, they dipt them into it, to make them &s;trong. <HI>Galen</HI> reprehends the cu&s;tome, becau&s;e of the &s;udden change from heat to cold, and con&s;tipation of the pores of the Skin, which may be the cau&s;e of putre|faction, breaking out, and other di&s;ea&s;es. Nor mu&s;t they be wa&s;ht with warm water. <HI>Fabricius Hildanus, cent.</HI> 14. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 56. ob&s;erved, that a Child, after &s;uch wa&s;h|ing, lived &s;ubject to Catarrhs. <HI>Galen,</HI> before the Child be &s;wathed, if the con&s;titution of its body be without any fault, &s;prinkles it all over with Salt fine|ly powdered, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de &s;an. t. c.</HI> 6. He is blamed by <HI>Averrhoes,</HI> becau&s;e that age cannot bear the acrimo|ny of the Salt, and for the danger, le&s;t by the a&s;tric|tion of the Salt, the vitious juices, which per&s;pire by the Skin, &s;hould be kept in. It were better, ac|cording to <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s advice, to wa&s;h the body in Wine, wherein red Ro&s;es have been boiled, or in its Urine.</P>
<P N="3">III. In &s;ome Countries and Families Children are &s;wathed too &s;trait, hence it often comes to pa&s;s, that their body grows gibbous, and their Limbs crooked, or otherways deformed. For their bones being yet tender, &s;oft and cartilagineous, are ea&s;ily wre&s;ted, and removed out of their natural po&s;ture, which, when they grow hard, keep their vitiated figure. Country peoples Children have large Brea&s;ts, becau&s;e they are not tied; or lay loo&s;er in the Cra|dles. They that are &s;wathed tight, have their ribs compre&s;&s;ed, and their Brea&s;t grows &s;harp. Maids who lace them&s;elves too &s;trait, that they may look &s;lender, either die of a Con&s;umption, or grow Crook|ed. A certain Midwife, as <HI>Borellus</HI> ob&s;erves, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 59. was accounted a Witch, becau&s;e all the Children &s;he &s;wathed, grew either Con&s;umptive, or lived weakly, which was cau&s;ed onely by too &s;trait compre&s;&s;ion. Nur&s;es al&s;o &s;ometimes tie their heads, for comeline&s;s-&s;ake (becau&s;e &s;harp ones &s;eem finer to them) hereby the Skull being compre&s;&s;ed and growing long, the Brain and its Ventricles are compre&s;&s;ed, which being &s;o weakned, is rendred obnoxious to Catarrhs: Such, if they grow up, are dull of under&s;tanding, becau&s;e the &s;pirits are not elaborated aright, or their free pa&s;&s;age through the windings of the Brain is hindred. It is an errour al&s;o of the Nur&s;es, to carry their Children always in the &s;ame Arm, whereby they grow left-handed, or re&s;t them on their Legs onely, whereby they make them lame.</P>
<P N="4">IV. It is the be&s;t way for Mothers to give their own children &s;uck, becau&s;e their Milk is made of the &s;ame bloud, wherewith the Child was nou|ri&s;hed. But the Nur&s;es Milk, although it be Milk, and indeed Humane; yet there is not one jot le&s;s difference in this, than is between the con&s;titution of body, and temperament of the Mother and Nur&s;e; and no Nur&s;es Milk agrees &s;o well with the Child's body as the Mothers: Since therefore every Animal is nouri&s;hed with things like it &s;elf, the Mother's Milk mu&s;t be preferred, becau&s;e it is more like. <HI>Phavorinus in Gellius, l.</HI> 12. <HI>c.</HI> 1. brings many pretty rea&s;ons for it, but moral ones. But becau&s;e many Mothers are not of a good con&s;titution, but di|&s;ea&s;ed, and &s;ometimes al&s;o of bad manners, or becau&s;e great Per&s;ons, and others who are weak, cannot bear the trouble of giving &s;uck, a well-di&s;po&s;ed Nur&s;e mu&s;t be cho&s;en, which is not &s;o &s;ubject to pa&s;&s;ion, of a compo&s;ed mind, not a Fool, Angry, Drunken, Melancholick, Salaci|ous, but of a good habit, in the prime of her years, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Some reckon it a &s;uper&s;titious thing to chu&s;e a new Milk, becau&s;e, to &s;peak properly, Milk is never old, &s;ince new is bred every day, who&s;e Na|ture may vary according to the different temper of the Woman, and the difference of diet, but not be|cau&s;e of the act of breeding Milk. Yet it were bet|ter, that the Nur&s;es Lying-in &s;hould co&iuml;ncide with the birth of the Child to be brought up, or not differ above a month; for a more &s;erous and dilu|ted Milk is proper for new-born children; &s;uch as Nature has given the Mother, when &s;he has newly lain in, that it may the better clean&s;e the filth from the Stomach of the young child: But an old Milk is without doubt thicker, and therefore not &s;o pro|per.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>C. &agrave; Vega</HI> thinks, the Milk is made purer, if the feculent bloud be evacuated, by a mixture with which in the body before it is polluted. He in|&s;tances them that give &s;uck, in whom, becau&s;e they have their <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> but &s;eldom, a Cacochy|mie grows in their body. One that gave &s;uck, <HI>in Hippocrates</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem. Sect.</HI> 2. had Bli&s;ters all over her body: but when &s;he gave over &s;uckling, they went away in Summer. If therefore &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> even in them that give &s;uck, be a cau&s;e of Cacochymie, Why are Nur&s;es de&s;ired who have them not? For is it not better to have them every Month, than that the bloud &s;hould be foul? <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> replies, Since there cannot be an expul&s;ion of the excre|ments, without a &s;eparation before, all the bloud mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be di&s;turbed every month at the time of excretion (which we know from antece|dent pains of the whole body) and when it is di|&s;turbed, the Milk mu&s;t be &s;poiled. It is better there|fore to chu&s;e a temperate Nur&s;e, and to procure good juices for her, than from her men&s;truous pur|gation to expect the purging of the bloud, with its frequent di&s;turbance. Be&s;ide, there is order in the work of Nature: Since therefore men&s;truous bloud is the principle of generation, when it appears, na|ture inclines to another birth, wherefore &s;he begins to be unfit for the former, and therefore the Child mu&s;t be put to another Nur&s;e. But if there &s;hould be no more Nur&s;es to be had but onely one, who has her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> every month, while they are upon her, let her give &s;uck as little as &s;he can, and let her avoid it more a day or two before they come, which is the time of &s;ecretion, than when they are come.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Some condemn little Brea&s;ts, and not with|out rea&s;on, becau&s;e they breed le&s;s Milk. And I know not why great Brea&s;ts &s;hould be counted bad: for they afford a large quantity of Milk, which may be good: And it is not the capacity of the Brea&s;ts, but their temper, which alters the Milk.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Let the Nur&s;e wholly ab&s;tain from <HI>Venus,</HI> for it di&s;turbs the Milk, draws the Bloud to the Womb, whereby the Milk is &s;poiled, and the quantity of it abated. Yet <HI>Varandaeus</HI> allows it to &s;uch as live with their Husbands, le&s;t their longing di&s;turb them. And we &s;ee Mothers, who live with their Husbands, and lye with them, do yet &s;uckle their Children without any harm. <HI>Bonaciolus</HI> writes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;ius.</NOTE> that the Mo|ther's Milk does not corrupt, if &s;he conceive by the &s;ame Man.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Whether is it good for Children, who are ta|ken with any di&s;ea&s;e, pre&s;ently to change their Nur&s;e (as it is for other bodies, when they are ta|ken with any acute di&s;ea&s;e, to change the cour&s;e of their Diet into a more &s;pare one) and take another who has a thinner Milk? Here, fir&s;t of all, it mu&s;t be con&s;idered, on what occa&s;ion the Child began to be &s;ick: for if from an external cau&s;e, whether Meat, or Drink, or Air, it &s;eems a vain thing to change the Milk, that is familiar and friendly, into an unaccu&s;tomed one, at a time, when the &s;trength
<PB N="323" REF="167"> is lea&s;t able to bear an alteration of cu&s;tome. In which ca&s;e, though in other Di&s;ea&s;es it be not ne|ce&s;&s;ary to change, if the di&s;ea&s;e be acute, in which the accu&s;tomed food, how friendly &s;oever, mu&s;t be changed into a thinner, it is convenient to chu&s;e a Nur&s;e, which has a thinner Milk: which indeed is not &s;o nece&s;&s;ary in di&s;ea&s;es that are not &s;o violent, nor &s;o acute, and becau&s;e of the gentlene&s;s of the &s;ymptoms wa&s;te the &s;trength but little. But in acute di&s;ea&s;es, or if the Child be ill, through &s;ome fault in the Milk, whether that come from &s;ome di&s;ea&s;e in the Nur&s;e, be it from the temperature of the Brea&s;ts be|ing de&s;troyed, or from the diuturnity of giving &s;uck, or from alteration of the diet or life, or from her being with child, or from a &s;udden fall, or from any other cau&s;e, either becau&s;e the Milk is not &s;o pure and choice as it was at the beginning; or be not convenient for the Child, when grown, as it was before; then indeed, without any delay, we mu&s;t change the Nur&s;e, for one who has a Milk like to the former, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be of &s;mall moment: but if it be an acute one, for a Nur&s;e, who has a very thin Milk, &s;uch as the violence of the di&s;ea&s;e requires, for the rea&s;ons alledged. For when chil|dren are ill I cannot commend the endeavouring to correct the Milk in the &s;ame Nur&s;e, by Medicines or Purges, for it will be much more &s;poiled, and in hopes of future health we give the Child far wor&s;e aliment; And therefore it will be better to change the Nur&s;e, than to add one di&s;ea&s;e to ano|ther: For it is certain, that what di&s;ea&s;es come from diet, are amended by diet, and what do not come from thence, do not increa&s;e thereby. But when the Child refu&s;es to take the Brea&s;t any lon|ger, then indeed you are bound of nece&s;&s;ity to atte|nuate and correct the Milk in the Nur&s;e her &s;elf, not indeed by Purgers, when the Child is &s;ick, but by alteratives towards that quality, which is con|trary to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or towards tenuity, as is ne|ce&s;&s;ary in acute di&s;ea&s;es: for you may extenuate it, by feeding the Nur&s;e with Par&s;ly, Fenil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and by moderate exerci&s;e. But if any &s;alt or bitter ta&s;te, or the like, be predominant in the Milk, I &s;hould rather chu&s;e to change the Nur&s;e, than en|deavour in vain to correct it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. The u&s;ual food of Children, when they are weaned, is Pap, made of Flower, Wheaten e&s;peci|ally, and Milk, of a middle con&s;i&s;tence, between a Solid and a Liquid, although it come nearer the former; for it cannot be &s;upped. Becau&s;e of its vi&s;cidity, for which it cannot get through the nar|row pa&s;&s;ages, it is the Authour of many di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially of Ob&s;tructions: For if a mo&s;t tenacious Pa&s;te be made of Flower and Water, for external u&s;e, what may not be made of it by addition of vi&s;cid and thick Milk? It will certainly make a food, difficult of concoction and &s;topping. Some endeavour to amend this fault by long boiling, to take the crudity off the Flower; But by that means the Whey, which gave it a little fluidity, is exhau&s;|ted, the butyrous part remaining, which is vi&s;cid and tough; and the ca&s;eous, which is the gro&s;s and earthy portion of the Milk. Others, by mix|ing it well, and &s;tirring it, make Pap with a gen|tle boiling, le&s;t the Whey &s;hould be lo&s;t, from whence it has a virtue to permeate and loo&s;en the Belly; But neither thus is the mi&s;chief avoided, for the Flower remains crude, incoctible, and in|&s;uperable. And this is the way to make it, not onely proper for children, but for the u&s;e of the Kitchin, of which an ea&s;ie di&s;h may be made, by mixing it with Milk, Broth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Take Barley, or Oaten-flower, put it in a Bag of thick cloth, boil it in a Kettle for twelve hours, &s;o as that the Water may be always above it, keeping down the Bag, by laying a weight upon it. When the Flower is taken out, &s;et it in an hot Oven, after the Bread is taken out, and keep the Ma&s;s for u&s;e. The ex|cellent <HI>Theodorus Zwingerus,</HI> in his <HI>The&s;es</HI> for his degree, made <HI>Anno</HI> 1680. <GAP DESC="foreign">, does curiou&s;|ly reprehend this fault of making Pap the common way. <Q>The Matter, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> of Pap, is Flower and Milk; nay, and often in&s;tead of this it is made of Water, of which things, without Fermentati|on, a Pa&s;te is made onely by &s;imple boiling, with which they cram children every day as long as they will hold. But now it is evident to every Man, if not from his own, at lea&s;t from other Mens experience, that the &s;tronge&s;t &s;tomach is no|toriou&s;ly offended, with Bread but a little, or not at all levened, concoction is di&s;turbed, and Acid crudities are gathered: If it fare thus with &s;trong Men, who can any longer wonder, that &s;uch Pap is often corrupted, and turned into a glutinous, Acid Pa&s;te, in young Children's Stomachs, which are far weaker?</Q></P>
<P N="11">XI. One &s;et time for weaning cannot be fixt for all, nor again, can there be any certain Law and Rule, &s;ince one body differs from another body, and one nature from another nature; Moreover, all cannot bear weaning alike; but, according to the &s;olidi|ty of the fle&s;h, &s;trength, condition, and appetite of Milk, or otherwi&s;e, &s;o you may advi&s;e weaning &s;ooner or later. Many Children, that have been weaned before their time, have born it &s;o ill, that the Phy&s;icians have been forced to put them to the Brea&s;t again, for fear of a Con&s;umption, or &s;ome future di&s;ea&s;es: Al&s;o, when weaning is long de|ferred, it is then a difficult thing to be done, and not without danger; in which thing we mu&s;t know, that no Child &s;hould be weaned before dentition be perfected, or a little before it; for that is the Law of Nature in craving &s;olid meat. Moreover, the Child mu&s;t not be weaned all on a &s;udden; but, as his Teeth begin to come, &s;o, by degrees, and by little and little, he mu&s;t be fed with more &s;olid Meat. Be&s;ides, you mu&s;t not wean him, without that firmne&s;s, concoction of food, and alacrity to actions, which is &s;ufficient to bear the weaning. And the &s;um of the ca&s;e is, that he crave other food, dige&s;t, &s;leep in the night, and do not at all regard Milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus</NOTE> for it is a very difficult thing to wean Children, that live by &s;ucking.</P>
<P N="12">XII. If it be convenient to give a Child Milk, to Purge him, At w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">at time mu&s;t the Medicine be gi|ven to the Woman? I an&s;wer, If the opinion of <HI>Galen</HI> and his followers were true, to wit, that Milk is bred of bloud onely, the Phy&s;ick mu&s;t be given at lea&s;t a day before, becau&s;e, before it pa&s;s &s;o ma|ny concoctions, le&s;s time cannot intervene. But it is evident from <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Doctrine, <HI>lib. de Na|tur. Pueri. v.</HI> 250. that the matter of Milk is two|fold; one indeed plentifull, which comes from meat and drink not yet concocted in the Stomach; Another little, which is bloud a&s;cending from the Womb to the Brea&s;ts, and this looks rather like an Agent than the Matter. For I ob&s;erved in le&s;s than an hours time, that Milk became purgative in Mrs. <HI>N.</HI> who, having taken a Purge, gave the Brea&s;t immediately to a Girl a year old, not thinking that the virtue of the Medicine could have come &s;o &s;oon to the Brea&s;ts (for I had forbid her to doe it) which was Purged &s;o violently, that we were a|fraid of a mortal <HI>Hypercathar&s;is,</HI> but it did not give the Mother one Stool.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In Children it is always &s;afer to give Pur|gatives in too little, than in too great a quantity, becau&s;e, if it do not work in a few hours, more of it may be given the Child, and &s;o we may try the &s;trength of any Medicine in any body without dan|ger. For as it fares with old people, &s;o it does with Children, all are not purged alike ea&s;ily, quickly, and plentifully by every Purge: for which rea&s;on, le&s;t any mi&s;chief &s;hould be created them by a &s;trong Medicine, it is better to give the mo&s;t gentle Purge at &s;everal times, and a little at each, than all at once. For the Phy&s;ician cannot be too cautious; becau&s;e, if ever, certainly about Infants
<PB N="324" REF="168"> we may not make two mi&s;takes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> &s;eeing they are de|licate, and quickly peri&s;h.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. It is to be ob&s;erved, that Children are aver&s;e to all &s;orts of Medicines; therefore, as they are aver&s;e to Medicines, &s;o we mu&s;t try all our skill to make them take them: I &s;peak of Medicines taken by the mouth, becau&s;e they ea&s;ily admit of outward things. Tne way of forcing Children is &s;hewn by <HI>Paulus, lib.</HI> 4. <HI>cap.</HI> 55. where he mentions the In&s;truments that mu&s;t be u&s;ed to force Chil|dren: and they are a Spoon, which fir&s;t is forced between the Teeth, to keep them firm together; and then a large Pipe, which is &s;mall at one end and wide at the other. This is thru&s;t with the nar|row part into the Mouth to the Jaws, and Medi|cines are poured in at the broad end,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> and &s;o whe|ther they will or no, they mu&s;t take the Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="15">XV. There are two things in Phy&s;ick which grie|vou&s;ly perplex me, in which I am greatly &s;traitned, am full of difficulties, and almo&s;t &s;tumble, to wit, when I have Women with Child, and Children, under Cure; for they cannot expre&s;s, where, nor what their pain is, nor any thing el&s;e. And it is very true what <HI>Galen</HI> 2 <HI>de Alimentis</HI> &s;peaks out of <HI>Pla|to,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinandus</NOTE> <HI>That Children are the mo&s;t intractable of all wild Bea&s;ts.</HI></P>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Ani procidentia,</HI> or, The falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut.</HEAD>
<P N="16">XVI. If the falling out of the Ar&s;e-gut be with Inflammation, in &s;tead of bloud-letting we mu&s;t u&s;e Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and al&s;o frictions; but if the Child be of any age, &s;carifying may be u&s;ed. Be&s;ides, the Child mu&s;t be gently purged: But if we give a &s;trong Purge, without doubt a greater Inflamma|tion will be rai&s;ed in the going out of the Excre|ments. In this ca&s;e therefore we mu&s;t &s;ee to keep the belly a little loo&s;e, and the body &s;hould rather be purged by Urine than by Stool. And for a Diu|retick I would recommend half a pound of Whey well clarified, and an ounce and an half of juice of Melon-&s;eeds: For this Medicine will purge e&s;pe|cially by Urine, and if it give a Stool, it will doe it gently,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> and without any griping.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Powders and Oils keep the Ar&s;e-gut from falling, as, Take of Oil of Myrtle, and unripe Oil of Ro&s;es, let the <HI>Anus</HI> be anointed herewith, then &s;trew on a little of this Powder; Take of Ceru&s;s, Antimony, Galls, Alume, each three drachms, powder them and apply them. This Powder is commended by <HI>Rha&s;es,</HI> and I have found it very ef|fectual: But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve what <HI>Aetius</HI> admo|ni&s;hes, that in Infants and young Children we mu&s;t not u&s;e the&s;e Powders, e&s;pecially the A&s;tringent and more efficacious, becau&s;e they greatly exa&s;pe|rate and cau&s;e pain; wherefore, unle&s;s the Child be well grown, we mu&s;t not u&s;e the fore&s;aid pow|der. There are &s;everal Medicines 9. <HI>&khgr;. &tgr;.</HI> too vi|olent for young Children: Therefore I rather com|mend <HI>Galen</HI>'s advice, 3. <HI>Eupori&s;t.</HI> that is, to u&s;e Smith's-water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and Powder of burnt Snails.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The &s;ame <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>de Simpl.</HI> writes, that &s;everal have written, that a <HI>Torpedo</HI> applied is good for the falling of the Ar&s;e-gut: But he &s;ubjoyns, that he had tried that remedy in vain. Powder of a Serpent's &s;lough is al&s;o very good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. But if the&s;e Medicines will not perfectly cure it, the followers of the <HI>Arabians</HI> commend the making of two cauteries in the end of the Spine, that is, near the Rump, one on each &s;ide. Which remedy neverthele&s;s I would advi&s;e onely to be u|&s;ed in adult ones, and when other things will doe no good.</P>
<P N="20">XX. It is often hindred from going back into its place by the <HI>Mucus,</HI> wherewith it is covered, which you mu&s;t ab&s;terge, not with brine, as &s;ome have advi&s;ed, becau&s;e the &s;en&s;e of the part will not bear it; but with Sug<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">red-water, e&s;pecially with Rain-water, or with Water of Honey much diluted, which you mu&s;t doe often, and wrap up the <HI>Anus</HI> in clothes wet with water.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Aphthae,</HI> or, A Thru&s;h.</HEAD>
<P N="21">XXI. Becau&s;e a Thru&s;h is u&s;ually attended with great Inflammation, and con&s;equently draws the hu|mours from the body, and increa&s;es the di&s;ea&s;e there|by: Therefore it will be good to apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, but to the buttocks, or the end of the back, by which one may evacuate as much bloud, as the age and habit of the body will bear.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. If the Thru&s;h be malignant, we mu&s;t op|po&s;e the pravity; but we mu&s;t have regard to the Age and the tenderne&s;s of the body. We may not therefore in this age u&s;e tho&s;e remedies, which an elder might bear. And the Medicine may be &s;uch; Take of <HI>Scordium</HI> finely powdered 1 drachm, Pome|granate Pills finely powdered 2 &s;cruples, burnt A|lume 1 &s;cruple, Honey what is &s;ufficient. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, whether powders, or whatever el&s;e be given, it is nece&s;&s;ary that it be mixt with &s;ome thing that is gratefull to the pa|late, for there the Gu&s;tatory faculty is placed, and we mu&s;t have great regard to the Ta&s;te; Where|fore, as may be &s;een in <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>de Med. local.</HI> the An|cients made up their Medicines for the Thru&s;h either with <HI>Sapa,</HI> or Honey.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. If the Child be big, becau&s;e it is very ma|terial to have the pravity checkt pre&s;ently, le&s;t it grow to &s;preading Ulcers, we mu&s;t endeavour to take away all malignity immediately with &s;trong Medicines, which the juice of Pomegranates, and e&s;pecially of &s;owre ones, does admirably. Which, <HI>Theophra&s;tus</HI> &s;ays, does in a wonderfull manner pre|&s;erve from putrefaction. And though the Pome|granate, by <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> be called <GAP DESC="foreign">; yet we mu&s;t not &s;ay with <HI>Ruellius,</HI> it is hurtfull to the mouth, which is very fal&s;e, but that it is ungratefull. It appears indeed from experience, that it is unplea|&s;ant and ungratefull, neverthele&s;s it is very good to &s;top a putrid Thru&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. But it often &s;o happens, that this Medi|cine does not &s;uffice, wherefore we mu&s;t proceed to &s;tronger. In which ca&s;e, in tho&s;e of elder years, we may u&s;e either <HI>Aqua Aluminis magi&s;tralis,</HI> or <HI>&V;nguen|tum Aegyptiacum,</HI> or <HI>flos aeris,</HI> corrected with <HI>Diamoron;</HI> all which things mu&s;t not be u&s;ed but upon great nece&s;&s;ity. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e according to <HI>Ga|len</HI> 6. <HI>&khgr;. &tgr;.</HI> in the palate there are two wide pa&s;&s;a|ges, one of which goes to the Lungs, the other to the Stomach; wherefore it is very dangerous, if any poi&s;onous Medicine get into the&s;e parts. There|fore he &s;aid, that Vitriol mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in Me|dicines for the Mouth; becau&s;e of the imminent dan|ger, if any part of &s;uch a Medicine &s;hould get either into the Stomach or Lungs. Be&s;ides, when we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;ome &s;uch Medicines, it will be be&s;t to u&s;e them in &s;uch a form, as cannot go farther than the Palate, as when a malignant Thru&s;h is touched with Oil of Vitriol, or of Sulphur, or with Subli|mate water.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Whether is Butter good for a Thru&s;h?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> It is good in the beginning; but it may be que|&s;tioned, 1. Becau&s;e fat things make Ulcers foul. 2. By its heat it might increa&s;e the Inflammation. 3. It does not at all agree with other Medicines, which mu&s;t be u&s;ed in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e. I an&s;wer. 1. The argument holds good in deep Ul|cers, which mu&s;t be deterged. 2. Fre&s;h Butter is reckoned temperate, becau&s;e of the &s;erous humi|dity mixt with it. 3. Nor does it hinder, that other Medicines are of other qualities; becau&s;e in the progre&s;s we dry and deterge more.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> A Boy about four years old had a very &s;harp Fluxion upon his Tongue and Jaws, &s;o that he had an infinite number of white Ulcers, very painfull, with a great inflammation; he could &s;wal|low
<PB N="325" REF="168"> nothing, he had no &s;leep, but roared continu|ally, he was lean, and almo&s;t quite con&s;umed. Ho|ney of Ro&s;es, with Spirit of Vitriol, which did others good, did him none. He had a plentifull Loo&s;ne&s;s, with much porraceous bile. A Bli<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">er did him much good, but his pain and roaring con|tinued, and a &s;erous &s;harp humour ran out of his mouth continually, the pain and inflammation draw|ing more and more. At length I gave 1 grain of <HI>Laudanum</HI> in broth, whereby the pain was ea&s;ed, a gentle &s;leep procured, which afterwards continued moderate, and came at due hours. Then his fluxi|on into his mouth cea&s;ed, and he began to reco|ver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Atrophia,</HI> or want of Nouri&s;hment.</HEAD>
<P N="28">XXVIII. There are four cau&s;es of Leanne&s;s in C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ildren; Fir&s;t, Ineptitude of Aliment. Secondly; Want of Heat, who&s;e office it is to concoct it. Third|ly, Ob&s;truction of the pa&s;&s;ages, by which the Ali|ment pa&s;&s;es to its elaboratories, or whereby it is carried from them to the parts to be nouri&s;hed. Fourthly, Any cau&s;e, that is able to wa&s;te, di&s;&s;i|pate, and melt the fat and fle&s;h. To the ineptitude of Aliment, the condition of the Milk belongs, which is either afforded, in far le&s;s quantity than it &s;hould; or is &s;o thin, that it is di&s;&s;ipated by the heat; or of its own nature, it is of little Aliment, becau&s;e it has but little of the butyrous &s;ub&s;tance, and much of the other; Or when it is bitter, &s;alt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which Nature is therefore aver&s;e to. So, want of Innate Heat cau&s;es an Atrophy a thou&s;and ways, becau&s;e it is able neither to concoct laudable Ali|ment, or if it be, it does not di&s;tribute it, or does not a&s;&s;imilate it, when di&s;tributed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Thus Chil|drens bodies are al&s;o emaciated, becau&s;e the ways, chanels and pores of the Elaboratories, and the Fle&s;h, are ob&s;tructed, corrugated, fallen flat, com|pre&s;&s;ed, or &s;ome way or other &s;traitned. Of which cau&s;e we mu&s;t have a great care. Then the cau&s;e which wa&s;tes the fat and fle&s;h, is either internal or external; internal, whatever is unable to contain the &s;ub&s;tance that &s;hould nouri&s;h, as it happens in fluxes of bloud, or of any other good &s;ub&s;tance: or it di&s;&s;ipates by &s;weat, in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, by Urine or Stool. But the&s;e are &s;eldom &s;een in Children; for in them the di&s;&s;ipating heat, or con|&s;uming drought u&s;ually wa&s;te the humidity that &s;hould nouri&s;h. The external cau&s;e is, either the ae&s;tuating di&s;&s;ipating heat, or the violent cold ex|tingui&s;hing the heat, or the u&s;e of Salt meats.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. If the heat appear as it were extinct by a cold di&s;ea&s;e or humour, then indeed Children are u&s;ually very hungry (although &s;ometimes their &s;tomachs are &s;queami&s;h, that is, when Phlegm pu|trefies, or becomes mucilaginous) and the more they cram, the leaner they grow: Moreover, they are of a white colour, and though their body be extenuated, their eyes, face and feet &s;well, being forerunners of another mi&s;chief. You cannot heal this di&s;ea&s;e by change, or increa&s;e of diet, but by &s;uch things as wa&s;te and concoct the Phlegm, and make the heat more brisk. In which ca&s;e, it is good for Children, when they are wea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ed, to take a very little Wine, with Bi&s;coct-bread, or in drink, &s;o it be much diluted, for it concocts phlegm, and crude juices, corrects the cold intemperature, and excites the heat. Aromaticks are al&s;o good, which, if they cannot be given a &s;ucking Child, you mix them in all the Nur&s;es victuals: for they thin the Milk, and make it pa&s;s ea&s;ily.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. There is a Di&s;ea&s;e very frequent in the&s;e Countries, in which Children, that &s;uck, and tho&s;e that are weaned, are con&s;umed with an Atrophy to a <HI>Skeleton,</HI> onely the Belly (as if there were a &s;oft <HI>Parenchyma</HI> lying underneath) being &s;welled, and &s;o far like the Rickets (but that there is not &s;uch a ten&s;ion of the joints) and for the re&s;t it comes without any concour&s;e of Worms, or of any other cau&s;e, but onely through &s;ome fault in the lacteal ducts and glands: For the method and cure of the common Con&s;umption turning to an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> of a Tympany, and the like Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;ometimes u&s;ed in this ca&s;e has not been &s;ufficient. Nor yet after|wards have the remedies u&s;ually pre&s;cribed in a more accurate method for <HI>Schirrhi</HI> and ab&s;ce&s;&s;es of the me&s;entery (w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ich indeed are rather the pro|ducts of the inveterate Di&s;ea&s;e) Laxatives, Purga|tives, Aperients and Strengthners, and external A|nointings, Bathings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> been found to &s;atisfie ex|pectation, or to hinder tho&s;e that are &s;o held from being carried off at la&s;t by an Hectick, with a &s;uper|vening Epilep&s;ie, colliquative Flux, Lientery, and other Symptoms. Within the&s;e few years a little Daughter of <HI>N.</HI> was brought to me, than whom, in all my practice, I have not &s;een one more Con|&s;umptive; &s;he had taken an infinite number of Me|dicines. Being much intreated, and the ca&s;e being de&s;perate, after I had given the Progno&s;tick, I hap|pened, I know not how, upon <HI>Tinctura Martis aperiti|va Vitriolata,</HI> and upon <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> which, it may be, might go nearer to the root of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, than any u&s;ual things, for all their known e|nergy. Therefore we gave, for the fir&s;t week, eve|ry day, and for the next, every other day in the mornin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, 2 drops of the Tincture for every year of her age; and, at 4 a clock in the afternoon like|wi&s;e, for every year of her age, 1 grain of the <HI>Ar|canum.</HI> And &s;o in a few days &s;he began to be better in plight, and, in a &s;hort time after (Nature re|collecting her &s;elf, of her own accord) &s;he was perfectly re&s;tored, and is at this day brisk and corpulent enough. After which Ob&s;ervation, be|ing farther confirmed by rea&s;on, I have, after that, to this very day, cured &s;everal in the &s;ame manner, without the help, almo&s;t, of any other Remedies. And this Martial Tincture is made of Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> (made with Spirit of Wine) and of the Acid of Tartar, each 4 ounces, boiled &s;ufficiently in 3 pounds of Steel water, and in&s;en&s;ibly exhaled in &s;tir|ring, to the thickne&s;s of Honey, which, by pouring on 3 pounds of Spirit of Wine, is di&s;&s;olved by dige&s;ting, little &s;ediment (if all things have been done as they ought) being left. And &s;o the liquour is &s;aturated, and after little or no ab&s;traction, or exhalation, is &s;et by for u&s;e, and it may be farther tinctured, if you plea&s;e, with e&s;&s;ence of red Popy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dan Ludo|v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">i, <HI>E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">e|m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">m. a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 251.</NOTE> You may have <HI>Arcanum duplicatum</HI> in <HI>Schroder. Pharmac. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 474. and <HI>Hofman. in Clavi, p.</HI> 344.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. A Boy two years old was brought to me, <HI>Anno</HI> 1567. the Son of Mr. <HI>David Merveilleux,</HI> Coun|&s;ellour to the mo&s;t Serene Prince of <HI>Longeville,</HI> my intimate Friend, con&s;umed with a great Atrophy, together with a Loo&s;ne&s;s. His Brea&s;t was diapha|nous, if it were held to a Candle. He was given over by all, e&s;pecially by a City Pa&s;tor, who practi|&s;ed Phy&s;ick. I believed he was not de&s;perate, be|cau&s;e he had a liveline&s;s in his eyes. And he was recovered by taking Milk, in which red-hot Flints had been quenched, adding Sugar of Ro&s;es, and a little <HI>terra &s;igillata.</HI> Within a month he throve up|on it, now he is a lu&s;ty Man, and follows the Wars.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Sometimes Childrens Atrophy comes from Worms, which are bred under the Skin in fle&s;hy parts, of corrupt nutriment. This is an ap|proved cure; Take 1 ounce or 2 of Bryony-root: boil it in Lye of Oaka&s;hes, till it grow like pap. Anoint the Body of the Child with this, either in a &s;tove, or in &s;ome warm place, then the Worms put out their heads at the pores, and then pre&s;ently t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Skin mu&s;t be &s;haven with a Razour, for &s;o the heads are cut off the Worms, and the cau&s;e of deficie<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t nutrition is removed. And this operation mu&s;t be performed once and again, namely, till it be evi|dent, that all the worms are gone. Then the Children mu&s;t be bathed often in Bathes of a de|coction
<PB N="326" REF="169"> of a Sheep's-head and Feet, Mallow, Mar&s;h|mallow, Pellitory and Lin&s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. And there are not wanting &s;ome, who affirm, that Women witches &s;uck children lean. In which matter, which I leave for others to di&s;cu&s;s, it is enough to know that they are emaciated, be|cau&s;e we find children are bewitched, becau&s;e per|haps they are infected with the Touch, Sight and Breath of &s;ome infected, maleficious Body. For their tender bodies are ea&s;ily made wor&s;e by any thing.</P>
<P>But how comes it to pa&s;s, that a beautifull and healthy child pre&s;ently grows wor&s;e, di&s;coloured and lean? You mu&s;t know, that &s;uch a &s;udden change may happen in children, either, becau&s;e the child by its innate principles, is at the very perfection of health, according to the indigence of its Age, beyond which it cannot go one de|gree, nor continue in the &s;ame; then it mu&s;t needs go into a wor&s;e &s;tate. At which time, I think, we &s;hould u&s;e no Remedy, but it may be hoped that by a good moderation of life and diet, he may be brought to the utmo&s;t extent of Age which he is able to live, while Nature grows &s;tronger, and the body arrives at a more &s;olid &s;tate by the &s;ame acti|on of Nature. For &s;o it happens to us all, while we commit no errour in our life; otherwi&s;e that alteration is a fore-runner of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e at hand.</P>
<P>Or again, the fore&s;aid change of a &s;ound into a morbid body proceeds from the breath, or from the depraved &s;pirit and a&s;pect of the eyes, perme+ating, di&s;&s;ipating or infecting, or any other way changing the very tender &s;ub&s;tance of the Child. At which time, if any thing &s;uper&s;titious or male|ficious come from the wickedne&s;s of the Devil, the A&s;&s;i&s;tence of Holy Church being fir&s;t de&s;ired, we mu&s;t proceed to &s;uch Remedies as may di&s;&s;ipate, di&s;&s;olve and weaken the breath, wind, or foul and contagious &s;pirit. For which purpo&s;e, it is a vulgar practice, and confirmed by rea&s;on, to fly to Fumiga|tions; Some of which &s;trengthen the principal parts and the whole body, and prevent Childrens being hurt by bewitching Vapours; &s;uch are all Spices almo&s;t, and things of a gratefull &s;mell. Others wa&s;te, di&s;&s;olve and di&s;&s;ipate the bad exhalation, humour, wind or &s;pirit. For example, odoriferous Wine, <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> Ro&s;e-water, Baytree, Juniper, Ma|&s;tick, Rue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which by the actual heat of the fume do di&s;&s;ipate, by the potential attenuate, by their &s;mell ob&s;cure and weaken the &s;trength and power of the exhalations, and whatever it is, whether &s;ub&s;tance or quality, which weakens the Child. Whence it came to pa&s;s, by the advice of the Ancients, and experience a thou&s;and times con|firmed, that Nur&s;es defend and cure their Chil|dren of the&s;e fa&s;cinations by frequent fumes. A|gain, other fumes are written of, as Exorci&s;ts ex|perience, to drive away witchcraft, and to ca&s;t out evil &s;pirits. <HI>Aetius, &s;erm.</HI> 13. <HI>cap.</HI> 119. de&s;cribes the fume called <HI>Berenices Suffumigium.</HI> In <HI>Tobias</HI> there is one of the heart of a Fi&s;h to drive away the Devil <HI>A&s;modeus.</HI> Of this nature are both foetid and &s;trong &s;melling things, Frankincen&s;e, Myrrhe, <HI>Stirax, Ladanum, Galbanum, A&s;a foetida,</HI> Rue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> How far the&s;e things drive away evil Spirits, is no di&s;qui&s;ition of mine, it is &s;ufficient to advi&s;e to join Sacrifice and Prayers, which are the be&s;t Incen&s;e and the mo&s;t ef|ficacious Fume to de&s;troy Witchcraft. Anointings al&s;o are of great force in the fore&s;aid fa&s;cinations, with Oil Olive, of Sweet Almonds all over the Back, Belly and Limbs, with a little odoriferous Wine. Among &s;everal things Rue, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Seed of herb <HI>Paris,</HI> Paeony, Sulphur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are com|mended. (See <HI>Tit. de Venenis,</HI> BOOK <HI>XVIII.</HI>)</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Aurium Dolor, Inflammatio,</HI> or, A Pain, or Inflammation of the Ears.</HEAD>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Pain in the Ears u&s;es to be &s;o tough and grievous, that there will be a nece&s;&s;ity of pro|ceeding to Chirurgical operations; Therefore, if the Age will bear it, to divert the matter which the Pain draws, it will be convenient to apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, fir&s;t to the Buttocks, and then to the Shoulders. And &s;ometimes in extreme Pain I have known I&s;&s;ues made in Childrens Heads doe much good; both becau&s;e the Flux of the matter to the Ears is retarded, and becau&s;e the very moi|&s;ture of the Brain, which otherwi&s;e would run to the Ears, is almo&s;t con&s;umed by the I&s;&s;ues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that Water mu&s;t ne|ver be poured into the Ears, though they ake ne|ver &s;o much; becau&s;e Water is very hurtfull for the Ears. Wherefore <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> &s;aid, that Divers, when they mu&s;t dive under the Water, put Oil into the Ears, that they may not be hurt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. It is to be doubted, whether the White of an Egg be good in an Inflammation of the Ears; becau&s;e, 1. It has a repellent virtue; 2. It hinders the expul&s;ive faculty; 3. The matter producing the Inflammation being hot and moi&s;t, does rather &s;eem to require di&s;cu&s;&s;ing things. But, &s;eeing the violent pain of the Ears does nece&s;&s;arily require &s;ome lenient thing, we approve of the White of an Egg mixt with Woman's Milk, in which we grant there is a little repellent faculty, having re|gard to the great Afflux, which, by rea&s;on of the continuance of the Pain would otherwi&s;e be. And we grant, that where the matter is little, the ex|pul&s;ive faculty mu&s;t not be hindred: but where the Afflux is great, we mu&s;t have regard not onely to the Humours affluxed, but to tho&s;e that will be affluent. By which rea&s;on the third objection is an&s;wered, where the matter &s;ettled in the part in|dicates di&s;&s;olution and attenuation, but not that which is &s;till in fluxion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Catarrhus,</HI> or, A Catarrh.</HEAD>
<P N="37">XXXVII. <HI>Paulus, lib.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 7. who&s;e Authority <HI>Avi|cenna</HI> produces, writes, that it is good to con&s;ume the Moi&s;ture of the Head, if warm water be pou|red on childrens heads, as if this were the mo&s;t effectual Remedy to put an end to Di&s;tillations and Coughs of children. But, with <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s leave, I cannot approve of the advice, becau&s;e the pouring on of warm water, if it be too hot, does harm, for it di&s;&s;olves the matter more, and violent|ly &s;trikes the weak &s;en&s;es of the child: And if it be but warm, it is clear, that it farther relaxes and moi&s;tens, and con&s;equently increa&s;es the &s;ickne&s;s. But I think <HI>Paulus</HI> was deceived by mi&s;under&s;tan|ding the meaning of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> who, 5. <HI>A|phori&s;m.</HI> 22. &s;aid, that pouring warm water on the Head cures a <GAP DESC="foreign">, meaning the <HI>Headach:</HI> Where <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, that pouring warm water on the Head, di&s;&s;ipates and con&s;umes the Moi&s;ture, which cau&s;es the Headach. But it differs much to cure the Headach, e&s;pecially in Men; and to cure, ei|ther a Cough, or the Headach, or Difficulty of Breathing in Children. Wherefore, if any thing &s;hould be applied to the Head in this ca&s;e, &s;uch things mu&s;t be applied as gently exulcerate the Skin. For as we &s;ee Ulcers &s;pontaneou&s;ly ari&s;ing in childrens heads do pre&s;erve them from &s;uch Ails, &s;o it is con&s;entaneous to rea&s;on, that Ulcers rai&s;ed by Art may doe the like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. A Boy eleven months old had a Ca|tarrh with a continual Cough and Fever: He fre|quently vomited Phlegm, he &s;ucked much Milk, and pi&s;&s;ed little. After many Medicines tried to ve|ry little purpo&s;e, I ordered that the Region of his Kidneys &s;hould be anointed thrice a day with <HI>Oleum
<PB N="327" REF="169"> Scorpionum Matthioli,</HI> which made him make much water, and the Catarrh abated. For <HI>Mercatus, lib. de Morb. pueror.</HI> &s;ays, that a Catarrh in children comes &s;ometimes from &s;ome fault and weakne&s;s in the Kid|neys, which do not draw the &s;erous humour, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that it being tran&s;lated upwards, becomes the matter of the Catarrh. If that Symp|tome had continued, the means propounded by the &s;ame <HI>Mercatus,</HI> for the &s;toppage of urine in chil|dren &s;hould have been u&s;ed, as Cly&s;ters, opening Broths,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Claudicatio,</HI> or, Lamene&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Children, though they be expo&s;ed to infinite other Dangers, yet their condition is e&s;pe|cially mi&s;erable in this, that the heads of their bones, chiefly of the Thigh-bone, part and &s;epa|rate from the re&s;t of the Bone, &s;ometimes upon a &s;light occa&s;ion. That this conjunction is very lax in Infants and young Lambs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> if you boil them, the thing it &s;elf &s;hews: for the <GAP DESC="foreign"> may be parted from its <GAP DESC="foreign"> with a &s;mall impre&s;&s;ion of the fin|gers ends onely. If the Parents be negligent, and tho&s;e that look after them, put them too &s;oon to their feet, it gives great occa&s;ion to this mi&s;chief. in Children and Youths oftentimes the &s;ame &s;epa|ration of the head of the Thigh-bone from the neck of the bone happens, and it is commonly taken for a disjointing. This errour in Diagno&s;ticks often hinders the cure, and co&s;ts the Patient dear. In both ca&s;es indeed exten&s;ion is nece&s;&s;ary; but it were far better to know the very truth of the mat|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE> and by judgment to comprehend it.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Convul&s;io,</HI> or, A Convul&s;ion.</HEAD>
<P N="40">XL. Let no man wonder, that I per&s;uade to Blee|ding of young children, &s;ince Bloud, as far as e|ver I could ob&s;erve hitherto, may as &s;afely be ta|ken out of their Veins, as out of old peoples. And indeed it is &s;o nece&s;&s;ary, that without bloud-letting we cannot certainly cure &s;ome Symptoms which befall children; for example, How can we cure childrens Convul&s;ions, when they are bree|ding their Teeth, which come upon them in the ninth or tenth month (with Swelling and Pain in the Gums, when the Nerves are pre&s;&s;ed upon and irritated by the Teeth, whence the&s;e Symptoms a|ri&s;e) without letting of bloud, which alone is far to be preferred in this ca&s;e above the mo&s;t famous Specificks that are yet known: Some of which doe harm by their adventitious heat, and while they are believed to oppo&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e by &s;ome occult quality, they militate again&s;t it with their manife&s;t heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and kill the Patient.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. It is incumbent on us to prevent Convul&s;i|ons in children, or to cure them as they are be|ginning; For if the former children of the &s;ame Pa|rent have been &s;ubject to Convul&s;ions, that mi&s;|chief mu&s;t be prevented in them that are born af|terwards, by the timely u&s;e of Medicines. To this end it is u&s;ual to give the child &s;ome anti&s;pa&s;mo|dick Medicine as &s;oon as it is born; &s;ome give it a few drops of the pure&s;t Honey; others, a &s;poonfull of <HI>Canary</HI>-wine with a little Sugar; others, a &s;poon|full of Oil of &s;weet Almonds; others, one drop of Oil of Amber, or half a &s;poonfull of Epileptick Water. Some within three or four hours after the child is born make an I&s;&s;ue in the Neck; then, if it be of a fre&s;h colour, they draw one ounce and an half or two ounces of bloud from the Jugulars by Leeches, having a care that it do not bleed while it is a-&s;leep. Let the Temples and Neck be gently rubbed with &s;uch an Ointment; Take of Oil of Nutmegs by expre&s;&s;ion two drachms, <HI>Ol. Capivii</HI> three drachms, Amber one &s;cruple. Hang a piece of Elk's hoof or Paeony root about the Neck. The Nur&s;e mu&s;t take Anti&s;pa&s;modick Medicines con&s;tantly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. But if an infant be actually taken with a Convul&s;ion, becau&s;e I&s;&s;ues operate but &s;lowly and little, it is expedient to make a Bli&s;ter in the Neck, or behind each Ear; and, unle&s;s a cold con&s;titution hinder, Bloud mu&s;t be taken from the jugular Veins, by Leeches. Liniments mu&s;t be applied to the Tem|ples, No&s;trils and Neck, and Pla&s;ters to the Feet. Cly&s;ters, which may loo&s;en plentifully, mu&s;t be given every day. Every &s;ixth or eighth hour &s;pe|cifick Medicines mu&s;t be taken inwardly. <HI>&V;ntzerus</HI> highly commends the Gall of a &s;ucking Whelp, ta|ken in a little Linden-flower-water. A Learned Phy&s;ician told me, that he has known &s;everal cu|red with this Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. When Convul&s;ions proceed from difficul|ty in breeding of Teeth, as this Symptome is &s;e|condary, and not &s;o dangerous, &s;o in the Cure our chief and principal aim need not be directed to it; but &s;ometimes we may be &s;olicitous for ea&s;ing of Pain, and for removing the febrile intemperature. Wherefore both the Patient and his Nur&s;e mu&s;t u&s;e a &s;pare and cooling Diet, the Gums, where the Teeth are coming out, mu&s;t be rubbed or cut open; and when the parts are &s;welled and pained, Ano|dynes mu&s;t be applied, Cly&s;ters and Bleeding are of|ten proper in this ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Sleep mu&s;t be procured, and the raging of the Bloud laid; In the mean time Anti&s;pa&s;mo|dick Medicines mu&s;t be u&s;ed, but temperate ones, and &s;uch as do not di&s;turb the Bloud and Humours. Bli&s;ters, becau&s;e they evacuate the <HI>Serum</HI> that is apt to be poured into the Head, often give relief.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="45">XLV. When children are taken with Convul&s;i|ons, neither pre&s;ently after they are born, nor up|on their breeding of Teeth, but upon other occa&s;i|ons and accidents, the cau&s;e of &s;uch an Ail does u|&s;ually re&s;ide in the Head, or &s;omewhere about the parts of Concoction. When there is a &s;u&s;picion of the former (as u&s;ually it appears from &s;igns which argue, that too much &s;erous matter is gathered a|bout the Brain) the Remedies beforementioned ought to be given in a little larger Do&s;e. More|over, &s;uch as bear Purging well, may &s;ometimes take a Vomit or a gentle Purge. Wine and <HI>Oxymel</HI> of Squills, al&s;o <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> Rheubarb and Re|&s;in of Jalap are of great u&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. When the cau&s;e of the Convul&s;ion ap|pears to be in the Bowels, or when Worms or &s;harp griping Humours are found to be in fault; for the Worms a Purge may be given of Rheubarb, or <HI>Mer|curius dulcis,</HI> with a little Re&s;in of Jalap. Formerly I gave a Boy that was &s;trongly afflicted with Convul|&s;ions, who was ready to die, a Do&s;e of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> with Re&s;in of Jalap. He had four &s;tools, and voided twelve Worms, and quickly recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. If we &s;u&s;pect that the Convul&s;ion pro|ceeds from the irritation of the Stomach and Guts by &s;harp Humours, we mu&s;t either purge or vomit gently, or doe both one after the other. To this purpo&s;e gentle Emeticks mu&s;t be given of Wine of Squills or Salt of Vitriol; if the Patient at any time have an inclination to vomit. But if you &s;hall rather think fit to purge, an Infu&s;ion or Powder of Rheubarb, Syrup of Cichory with Rheubarb, or of Ro&s;es with Agarick, mu&s;t be given. And I have often &s;een the Convul&s;ion cured in children, by gi|ving the&s;e Medicines in time. Moreover, in this ca&s;e, Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given frequently. But we mu&s;t not omit to apply external Medicines, Fomen|tations, Liniments and Pla&s;ters, to the Belly.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Dentitio,</HI> or, Breeding of Teeth.</HEAD>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Experience te&s;tifies that a Hare's Brain is good to breed Teeth: for by its coolne&s;s it helps to temper the heat of the Gums, and by a&s;triction &s;trengthens tho&s;e parts; perhaps it does it by a &s;pe|cifick property: but it may be doubted, becau&s;e here a hot attenuating virtue &s;eems rather requi&s;ite,
<PB N="328" REF="170"> than a cold a&s;tringent one, &s;ince the coming out of the Teeth would be helped thereby. I an&s;wer, That things temperately cold, and moderately a|&s;tringent, do &s;trengthen Nature, &s;o that the Heat having thereby got a temper, may more commo|diou&s;ly perform its operation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. <HI>Strobelbergerus, lib. de Dentium Podagra,</HI> men|tions a certain ba&s;tard Dentition, when &s;ome Swel|lings bunch out in the back part of the Gums, when children make a noi&s;e and &s;ibilation as they &s;uck the Milk. The Phy&s;ician may be a&s;certained of this &s;pu|rious Dentition, if he pre&s;s the child behind the Ear with his finger, for it will pre&s;ently cry out for Pain. This Evil wants not danger, the be&s;t cour&s;e to get it away, is, to anoint often the ex|ternal region of the Ears, e&s;pecially behind, with Hare's fat, and the Gums frequently with Oil of &s;weet Almonds.</P>
<P N="50">L. It often happens, that all Medicines doe no good, becau&s;e of the hardne&s;s of the Gums, or the weakne&s;s of the Child. Therefore in &s;uch a ca&s;e, before mortal &s;igns &s;upervene, I would ad|vi&s;e the Chirurgeon to open the Gums with a Pen|knife, where the Teeth &s;well, to make way for the Tooth, and to ea&s;e the Gum, which Remedy I have tried with good &s;ucce&s;s in &s;everal of my own children. This is better, than as the Nur&s;es doe, to &s;cratch and tear the Child's Gums with the Nails. The Duke of <HI>Nevers</HI> had a Boy who lately died at eight months of age: when I, with the Phy&s;icians who were there, did narrowly enquire into the cau&s;e of the Patient's death, we could find no o|ther but the exce&s;&s;ive hardne&s;s of the Gums, which was not meet for that Age; for &s;o the Teeth could not make their way: Of which opinion this was an Argument, that when we had opened the Gum with a Penknife, all the Teeth appeared ready to cut,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Parae <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> onely they wanted a little of this help.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> or, A Loo&s;ne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="51">LI. I had a Boy about three years old under cure for a long and de&s;perate Flux of the Belly, &s;ome|times dy&s;enterick, &s;ometimes lienterick, for which I u&s;ed many things both internal and external, but in vain. At length, when there was little hope, and the Mother was brought to bed again, I per&s;ua|ded her to put her new born Daughter to another Nur&s;e, and to give her Son of three years of Age &s;uck again. She followed my advice, and the bu&s;i|ne&s;s &s;ucceeded &s;o well, that, by degrees, the Loo&s;|ne&s;s &s;topt, and he recovered his &s;trength, &s;o that now he lives lu&s;ty and well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="52">LII. Sometimes childrens bellies are loo&s;e from the corruption of Milk, which degenerates into a porraceous or green colour: In which &s;ort of Flux, though it may be que&s;tioned, whether it may be &s;topt, becau&s;e it looks of &s;uch a colour as is recko|ned altogether preternatural; yet we mu&s;t not think &s;o in children, &s;ince the Greenne&s;s proceeds from the ro&s;ting heat, which portends always de|&s;truction, but from the quality of the Milk and mix|ture with a bilious <HI>Serum.</HI> Wherefore the Loo&s;ne&s;s mu&s;t not be &s;topt, but the Stomach mu&s;t be &s;trength|ned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> and alteration mu&s;t be made. &para; Becau&s;e &s;ome|times &s;owre green excrements u&s;e to come from children, with or without curdling, we mu&s;t con|&s;ider, why &s;uch things appear in children, and &s;mell &s;o &s;owre, when they are otherwi&s;e well? Since it is certain that the Greenne&s;s in them comes not from adu&s;tion, as in hot Di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver and Veins. I am bold to affirm, that the greenne&s;s comes from cold, but not from cold matter onely, but from heat and cold, that is, from a bilious and a pituitous matter. For oftentimes &s;uch excrements appear in children which have a hot Liver, and breed much Bile, and a cold, raw Stomach, which cau|&s;es that &s;owrene&s;s in the excrements: For it is cer|tain, that neither the greenne&s;s nor &s;owrene&s;s can come from Bile alone, and therefore Bile comes from the heat of the Liver; nor do they come one|ly from Phlegm and crude Milk, but from both the&s;e together, with Bile going altogether into the belly, and by the natural heat of the belly the cor|ruption of the white Milk and yellow Choler, be|ing matter unfit for Chyle, a corruption is made, which degenerates into an excrement of a green colour. &para; <HI>Sylvius</HI> derives the&s;e green &s;tools from an acid &s;harp Bile turning green, which change of colours is no &s;trange thing to Diers. And, he &s;ays, the green colour is owing to an acid, partly by rea|&s;on of the &s;owre &s;mell, which always attends it; and partly from the change of the Bile into a green colour by &s;ome Acid. And he places that Acid in the Pancreatick Juice, contracted partly from the bad Diet of the Mother, and partly of the Nur&s;e. He places the Cure in the correction and tempering of the Acid.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Qua&s;&s;atio vertebrarum Dor&s;i,</HI> or, A Wrenching of the Back.</HEAD>
<P N="53">LIII. <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>de Artic. text.</HI> 2. reckons up four Luxations of the <HI>vertebrae</HI> of the Back, among the&s;e he reckons <GAP DESC="foreign">, that is, a <HI>wrenching,</HI> when the joining of them is loo&s;ned, they remaining in their places. They that are troubled with this, complain of a Pain in their Back and their Stomach, their Appe|tite is gone, &s;ome People Vomit, their Head akes, a febrile Heat takes them, yea oftentimes a violent Fever, equal in Symptoms to a malignant one. The cau&s;e is imputed to the Mother's carrying &s;ome great burthen, or inordinate motion of her Spine. This is their way of cure in <HI>Germany;</HI> They &s;et a piece of Wax-candle lighted to the childrens Navel, and &s;et a Pot upon it, like a Cupping-gla&s;s, and they let it &s;tick there till it fall off of it &s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Epilep&s;ia,</HI> or, The Falling-&s;ickne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="54">LIV. Mo&s;t children have abundance of bilious <HI>me|conium</HI> when they are born, which I u&s;e carefully to purge, otherwi&s;e the following nutriment is cor|rupted, and Milk is coagulated, whence come Gripes, and becau&s;e of malignant Vapours ari&s;ing, an Epilep&s;ie follows. If this connate excrement be rightly purged either by the Strength of Nature, or by Medicines, children are pre&s;erved; but if not, they are either troubled or killed with an E|pilep&s;ie. I u&s;e <HI>Syr. Ro&s;. mo&s;ch.</HI> or <HI>Elect. de Manna.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rager,</HI> Mi&s;c. cur. p. <HI>996.</HI></NOTE> &para; I have &s;een children taken with an Epilep&s;ie, toge|ther with Gripings and green &s;tools. This was hel|ped not by Antepileptick Powders, nor by fearing the hind part of the head, but by clean&s;ing the fir&s;t ways with <HI>Mel. ro&s;ar. &s;olut.</HI> and Syrup of Cicho|ry, with a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol.</P>
<P N="55">LV. For childrens Epilep&s;ie the <HI>Italians</HI> burn the head behind, and make an I&s;&s;ue there for evacuati|on of the humour. <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 23. approves of it, and <HI>Rondeletius,</HI> becau&s;e it may doe good in an Idio|pathick one, but not at all in a Sympathick one. Others, as <HI>Sennertus,</HI> di&s;approve of it, becau&s;e of the Pain it would put the tender bodies of Infants to, which therefore can neither well bear Purging nor Bleeding. But the ca&s;e is not the &s;ame: for Ca|tharticks exert their violence upon the Bowels, and by their malignity may ea&s;ily hurt the &s;ub&s;tance of Infants, which is ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olved. But Cau&s;ticks are onely once applied to the external parts, and evacuate the noxious humours &s;lowly, without great pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primito&s;ius.</NOTE> &para; As well for the cure as prevention of this Di&s;ea&s;e. Phy&s;icians have found a pre&s;ent Remedy, Burning of the Head behind, which, as it is very &s;afe, &s;o al&s;o it evacuates the trouble&s;ome Phlegm, and makes revul&s;ion, interception and derivation of it, with manife&s;t benefit. For the &s;aid inu&s;tion (though <HI>J. B. Sylvaticus, contr.</HI> 87. di&s;&s;uade it) is &s;o frequent at <HI>Florence,</HI> that very few children can be found, who have not undergone it. Having therefore &s;ha|ven off the Hair behind, let an oval, oblong Iron,
<PB N="329" REF="170"> an&s;wering to the hole behind in the <HI>occiput,</HI> be made red hot, and, for prevention, in children let the cavity be gently touched: But, for the cure, it may be &s;et harder on, in the very fit, and when the Ulcer has been kept open &s;everal days, it may be &s;o done twice or thrice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="56">LVI. And that you may know when and how to u&s;e this whol&s;ome Remedy, Know that it is good for tho&s;e children, who have had an Epileptick fit of any long continuance, and when there has pre|ceded a &s;en&s;ible preparation to it. Secondly, It is convenient, without tarrying for the fir&s;t fit, in them that carry a hereditary Character, to make an I&s;&s;ue; for the urgency of the Di&s;ea&s;e requires it, and (when it has contracted a habit) the &s;everi|ty of it; for afterwards it is cured with difficulty, and an I&s;&s;ue does little good: and al&s;o the tender &s;ub&s;tance requires it, which even from one fit con|tracts an habit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="57">LVII. But, for the right u&s;e of this Remedy, you mu&s;t remember, that when there is onely &s;ome &s;mall epileptick affection, concerning which it may be a que&s;tion, Whether it be epileptick, or ari&s;e from Fainting, it is not proper to u&s;e this Remedy pre&s;ently, and it were a ra&s;hne&s;s to open the Head immediately: 1. Becau&s;e if there hath been no pre|vious affection in the Head, that requires this Reme|dy, it were erroneous to doe it, onely for fear of an uncertain event. 2. Becau&s;e Phy&s;icians, who u&s;e this Remedy, are bound to keep the place o|pen, the greate&s;t part of their Patients lives. The rea&s;on is, Becau&s;e what expires and is purged by it at that time, is either an epileptick <HI>Apparatus,</HI> which we know in three or four years time is whol|ly purged out, a new one breeding like to the &s;ound part of the Head, which being bred, we may &s;afely clo&s;e up the I&s;&s;ue. But if there be none of this <HI>Apparatus</HI> in the Head, it is evident, that that onely can be purged, which re&s;ults from the natu|ral coction of the Brain; and becau&s;e this breeds all ones life time, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the I&s;&s;ue con|tinue as long: If you clo&s;e this up, you may cer|tainly conclude, that Epilep&s;ies, Apoplexies, Con|vul&s;ions, Pal&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may ea&s;ily breed; or, that tho&s;e excrements may fall upon the Brea&s;t, Sto|mach or Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as we find by certain experience.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. An I&s;&s;ue mu&s;t al&s;o be made with the hand of a skilfull Arti&s;t, for I have often ob&s;erved from an indextrous way of making an I&s;&s;ue in the <HI>occiput</HI> a thou&s;and mi&s;chiefs and death has followed: for if the Chirurgeon try to burn all the Skin with the I|ron, I have often &s;een a Convul&s;ion follow, and the child die of a mo&s;t cruel death: And if that do not follow, if the hole be made too wide and deep, a fluxion is rai&s;ed to the back and nervous parts, whereby the children grow crooked: for he that would u&s;e this Remedy with &s;ecurity, mu&s;t con&s;i|der, that it is enough to burn part of the Skin for the cure and prevention of it in children: for it is &s;ufficient, that the Head be purged by the cutane|ous Veins, without having any thing to run at the greater and deeper Veins of the Head, whereby it is often weakned, and made liable to a thou&s;and di&s;a&s;ters. Be&s;ides, that when we would clo&s;e the I&s;&s;ue, it may be done without any danger, where|as it is quite otherwi&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> when it is made deep.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. Among things that cure &s;everal Symptoms in the Epilep&s;ie of children, Ani&s;eeds may be recko|ned for one. For &s;eeing mo&s;t of their Di&s;ea&s;es, e|&s;pecially the Epilep&s;ie derives its original from Phlegm, Wind and Worms, this Seed de&s;erves great commendation, becau&s;e by its aromatick vir|tue it cuts Phlegm, di&s;cu&s;&s;es Wind, and kills Worms with its Acrimony. It may not therefore without benefit be mixt with childrens Powders.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grube.</NOTE></P>
<P N="60">LX. For they mu&s;t not be heeded, who without di&s;tinction commend Powders of mere A&s;tringents, Coral, burnt Hart's-horn, Crabs-eyes, Man's-skull, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> though the&s;e by their a&s;tringent virtue &s;trengthen the weak parts in children, and &s;o doe much good; yet we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the cau&s;e, which makes children &s;ubject to frequent Catarrhs and Coughs. Which things being &s;o, I u&s;e the fol|lowing Powder, the u&s;e whereof I have often ex|perienced, giving a few grains, according to the Age; Take of burnt Hart's-horn 1 &s;cruple and an half, Powder of root of Poeony, Florentine <HI>Iris,</HI> A|ni&s;eeds, each half a &s;cruple; hoof of an Elk prepa|red 4 grains, Oriental Bezoar-&s;tone 3 grains, Ma|gi&s;tery of Man's-skull, Crabs-eyes, each 1 grain; a little Sugar: Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Febris,</HI> or, A Fever.</HEAD>
<P N="61">LXI. I judge, that all the time of &s;ucking, if bloud mu&s;t be drawn, it mu&s;t be done onely by Scarifying, and no other way, till the child be three years old. And if the child be weaned be|fore that Age, you mu&s;t rarely cut a Vein, unle&s;s the child be one of tho&s;e that <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> de&s;cribes for &s;trong ones, or if the Di&s;ea&s;e be a Quin&s;ey, Pleuri|&s;ie, or &s;ome &s;uch dangerous one.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="62">LXII. Both the inconvenience of pain from Sca|rifying, and of lo&s;s of &s;trength by opening a Vein, may be avoided by applying of Leeches. But nei|ther do they want danger; for be&s;ides that accor|ding to <HI>Walaeus</HI> his opinion <HI>in &s;ua methodo med.</HI> they draw arterious rather than venous bloud, it is a very hard thing to &s;top the Bleeding; &s;o that Phy|&s;icians, who pre&s;cribe them, do always order a &s;mall quantity of bloud, becau&s;e oftentimes the blee|ding exceeds, again&s;t their will. I experienced this in my elde&s;t Son, whom I bled with Leeches in a burning Fever, when he was about four years old: In the morning I &s;et about three to the bending of his Arm. The bloud &s;eemed as if it were &s;topt: But in the night it bur&s;t out again in &s;uch abundance, that he was almo&s;t drowned in it, which weakned him &s;o much, that I gave him up for dead. It could &s;carce be &s;topt with the mixture of the white of an Egg and Carpenters ruddle which I took up one day, as I was walking. But by God's ble&s;&s;ing the event proved well: for the next day his Fever left him; but he looked pale for &s;everal days.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. In the months of <HI>July, Augu&s;t</HI> and <HI>September,</HI> a great number of &s;ucking children dies, which the Women hold to be ill of Worms. But I maintain that their death proceeds from the &s;harpne&s;s of the Nur&s;es milk, whereby the Stomach is inflamed; for there is coldne&s;s of the extreme parts, un|quenchable thir&s;t, great anxiety, &s;queami&s;hne&s;s, vomiting and loo&s;ne&s;s; Wherefore a Vein mu&s;t be opened: then apply to the region of the Stomach a Catapla&s;m of Barley-flower, boiled in Goat's-milk, with a little Juice of Night&s;hade, and Oil of Ro&s;es. The Nur&s;e mu&s;t be changed, and Muci|lage of Seed of <HI>P&s;yllium</HI> mu&s;t be given with Sugar of Ro&s;es: Chicken-broth altered with Pur&s;lain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pachequus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 56. Riv. <HI>com.</HI></NOTE> Sor|rel and Lettuce: Al&s;o the Heat mu&s;t be drawn out|wards, by applying Animals &s;plit in the Back.</P>
<P N="64">LXIV. If a lingring Fever ari&s;e from Ob&s;tructi|ons, there is nothing better, according to <HI>Monta|nus, con&s;.</HI> 10. than an Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb in Endive-water. He &s;ays, he never met with a Fever from ob|&s;tructions, which was not cured with this Remedy, if the u&s;e of it were con&s;tantly kept to. The Infu|&s;ion of Rheubarb, now in common u&s;e, is made of half a drachm, or a drachm of it, gro&s;ly brui&s;ed and tied in a bag and infu&s;ed in two or three pounds of Spring-water cold for a day. The u&s;e of it may be continued a month or more, according to the contumacy of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. We mu&s;t not give Spirit of Vitriol, Sul|phur and the like to &s;ucking children in Fevers, or any other Di&s;tempers, as we find them commended by Practitioners in their Books; &s;eeing by taking them Milk is curdled in the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<PB N="330" REF="171">
<HEAD><HI>Hydrocephalus,</HI> or, The Drop&s;ie in the Head.</HEAD>
<P N="66">LXVI. In an <HI>Hydrocephalus,</HI> if abundance of water be gathered without the <HI>Cranium,</HI> the u&s;e of Medi|cines both internal and external is u&s;ually vain: for as &s;trong internal Medicines are not proper for this age, &s;o moderate or weak ones doe no good, the ca&s;e is the &s;ame in externals. Wherefore we can have no hopes in any thing but in a &s;en&s;ible evacu|ation of the humour. Now this evacuation mu&s;t be made by Chirurgery, <HI>i. e.</HI> by Section; in perfor|ming of which we mu&s;t ob&s;erve what <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Pau|lus</HI> write, that if the Swelling have an high top, it mu&s;t be cut at once, but if it be broad, it mu&s;t be cut at two or three times and places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="67">LXVII. Some make running Ulcers with Cau|&s;tick Medicines, which Cure childrens heads can|not well bear, though they be good in other ca&s;es. Others advi&s;e Burning round the head in divers parts, which &s;ort of Remedy they are far le&s;s able to bear, becau&s;e the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain is very tender. Be&s;ides, the water will neither be di&s;char|ged quickly, nor as it &s;hould: And it is certain, that the Skull, if the water abide there long, will be prejudiced, which makes it more dangerous. And <HI>Mercatus</HI> di&s;approves of <HI>Mercurialis</HI> his opening the Head in two or three places, becau&s;e the wa|ter is too &s;uddenly di&s;charged; which is prohibited in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="68">LXVIII. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved al&s;o, that Section mu&s;t always be made in the nethermo&s;t part, be|cau&s;e evacuation may much more ea&s;ily and readily be made, when the water has declivous places to run out at.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="69">LXIX. You mu&s;t moreover have a care you do not cut near the temporal Mu&s;cle, till the water fall to one &s;ide of it, and then you mu&s;t open carefully in &s;ome remote part, and apply upon the apertion Lint, with the White of an Egg, and Oil of un|ripe Ro&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="70">LXX. When Section is made, the humour mu&s;t not be evacuated at once, but by little and little: And if this mu&s;t be done in a Drop&s;ie of the Belly, it ought much more to be done in a Drop&s;ie of the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> which is the &s;eat of animal Spirits.</P>
<P N="71">LXXI. <HI>Aetius</HI> his advice mu&s;t be followed, if chil|dren be &s;trong, that Medicines mu&s;t be &s;trait tied down; but if they be tender and weak, it will be enough to cover the wounded place with &s;oft Wooll or a very &s;oft light Cap.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="72">LXXII. If the tumour proceeds from the Ichors of other humours, which tumour <HI>Avicenna</HI> calls <HI>A|tas,</HI> he advi&s;es that the Nur&s;e be fed with cooling things, as Pti&s;an and Barley-water, to apply Oil of Violets to the Head, and to ab&s;tain from Bathing; becau&s;e bathing with warm water heats the Head more.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="73">LXXIII. A child newly born was ill of an <HI>Hydroce|phalus,</HI> all over his Head, with a great dilatation of the Sutures; I cured this Di&s;ea&s;e perfectly, onely with <HI>Guido</HI>'s Swathe, made in form of a Cap, where|with the whole Head was rolled, the two ends be|ing tied in a knot. The &s;aid Swathe was renewed every day, and within fifteen or twenty days, the Swelling vani&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Formius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="74">LXXIV. And you mu&s;t have a care in this ca&s;e how you make an I&s;&s;ue behind in the Head: for by communication of Veins, the water may ea&s;ily fall on the Tendons and Mu&s;cles of the Neck, upon which it may be feared that mortal Convul&s;ions and other Di&s;ea&s;es may grow. It is better in a &s;trong child to make an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm, when other Re|medies will doe no good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="75">LXXV. Sometimes a Contu&s;ion happens in the child's head, by rea&s;on whereof a great Swelling full of Bloud ari&s;es, to which the name of <HI>Hydroce|phalus</HI> &s;uits but improperly. And it is cau&s;ed either by the Midwife's fault, who brui&s;es the child's head in the Delivery; or by rea&s;on of &s;ome ve&s;&s;els being open by the forcing of the child to get out, &s;ome of the <HI>Serum</HI> and thinner part of the bloud go|ing out by it. And it may be the Nur&s;es fault, in letting the child fall, and da&s;hing it again&s;t a thing, or in binding the head-bands too &s;trait, whereby the veins and arteries, that are then tender, are compre&s;&s;ed. This <HI>&s;erum</HI> and bloud is diffu&s;ed be|tween the Skull and the Skin, &s;ometimes upon the <HI>cra&s;&s;a meninx,</HI> and &s;ometimes upon the Brain it &s;elf. If the Contu&s;ion be flight, it may be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by the help of Fomentations and Liniments; of a Decocti|on of Ro&s;es, Flowers of Melilot and Chamaemil; adding a Liniment of Oil of Ro&s;es and St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort mixt together:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Guillemeau,</HI> de educatio|ne infanti|um, cap. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> or applying a Pla&s;ter of <HI>Dia|chalcit.</HI> and <HI>Diachylum Ireatum:</HI> But if the Contu&s;ion be great, it will be in vain to try to di&s;&s;ipate it by Di&s;cutients, according to Experience. &para; I have a Daughter called <HI>Elizabeth,</HI> thirteen years old, born before her time, that is, fifteen days before the feventh month. By rea&s;on in the Birth &s;he could not force, becau&s;e of her Weakne&s;s, the whole affair depended upon the Mother and the Midwife. But the Midwife, drawing out the Girl by main force, &s;o brui&s;ed her head, that for two months af|ter &s;he was born, &s;he voided clotted black bloud at her mouth, no&s;trils and ears. In the mean time whatever Food &s;he took, it was not given her by the brea&s;t, but in a &s;poon. She was &s;wathed double round her body, while her Nails were wanting: But when the time was over, that &s;he ought to have remained in the Womb, &s;he began to take the brea&s;t and to thrive. In the eighth month &s;he began to pronounce &s;ome words. And this pre&s;ent year 1681. &s;he is brisk and well, and almo&s;t fit to marry.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Imperforati,</HI> or, They that are Imperforate.</HEAD>
<P N="76">LXXVI. It was <HI>Albuca&s;is</HI> his Judgment, that Mid|wives ought very carefully to &s;earch children when they are new born, and if the hole be &s;topt, to o|pen it gently with their Finger, or with an In&s;tru|ment, and then to lay on Wooll wet with Wine and Oil, then to cure it with Unguents, to put in a leaden Pipe, and keep it in. What I &s;ay concer|ning the urinary pa&s;&s;age being &s;topt, the &s;ame may be &s;aid of the <HI>anus.</HI> And, fir&s;t, we mu&s;t diligently con&s;ider, whether the <HI>anus</HI> can be perforated with|out danger to the <HI>&s;phincter:</HI> For if it &s;o happen that the whole Mu&s;cle be grown together, and &s;o Na|ture have made a way through the <HI>vulva</HI> it &s;elf, as I ob&s;erved in a certain Girl, Perforation mu&s;t not be attempted, becau&s;e mo&s;t certainly the Mu&s;cle would be hurt, and one evil would be followed by a wor&s;e. But if it any way appear, that onely a Skin is grown over the Mu&s;cle, then the place mu&s;t be marked carefully, and a round Iron mu&s;t be put into it, and we mu&s;t proceed as in other ca&s;es, with Medicines and Pipes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Labiorum Fi&s;&s;urae, Tumor,</HI> or, Chapping of the Lips, their Swelling.</HEAD>
<P N="77">LXXVII. The Cure of the Fi&s;&s;ure of the Lips con&s;i&s;ts in two things, in re&s;toring the continuative moi&s;ture, and in agglutination or union of the divi|ded parts. But becau&s;e neither the continuative moi&s;ture can be re&s;tored, nor the parts united, un|le&s;s care be taken that no new matter flow to the&s;e parts, it &s;eems very nece&s;&s;ary, that the body be kept clean, and to accompli&s;h this end, it will be very good, unle&s;s the Skin of the Head be open, to open it gently with <HI>vitex</HI> or Mu&s;tard, and then to apply Mallow: For, as <HI>Hippocr. lib. de Sac. morb.</HI> &s;ays, Whenever childrens heads run any moi&s;ture at an Ulcer, always the Flux is retracted from o|ther parts of the body, which of con&s;equence re|main &s;afe:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="78"><PB N="331" REF="171">LXXVIII. It often happens in Children, and o|ther tender bodies, that gentle things (which mu&s;t be moderately a&s;tringent and dry, without any a&s;perity, but with a little vi&s;cou&s;ne&s;s) doe no good. Such as in a hot cau&s;e are unripe Oil of Ro&s;es, Tragacanth, Juice of Gall, Pomegra|nates, old Fat of a Hen, Calves Marrow, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In a cold cau&s;e <HI>Mel ro&s;arum,</HI> Tragacanth, Gum-Arabick, Ma&s;tick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> We mu&s;t proceed therefore to &s;uch things as are drying; but yet among them we mu&s;t have a care of very dry things. <HI>Aegineta</HI> commends Turpentine with Honey, and Hogs Lard. And if the things propo&s;ed doe no good, let a little more dry|ing things be added, as half an ounce of wa&s;ht Ce|ru&s;s, or Litharge, more or le&s;s. If the pain be ve|ry trouble&s;ome, a little <HI>Opium</HI> may be mixt with the Womans Milk.</P>
<P N="79">LXXIX. I have a Son 7 years old, who, after ob|&s;tructions of his Bowels, and the Swelling of his Belly, had his upper Lip much &s;welled and &s;cab|bed. When it refu&s;ed all internal Remedies, I or|dered two I&s;&s;ues to be made between his Shoul|ders with the Cau&s;tick &s;tone; out of which much corruption ran, the Swelling of his Lip a&s;&s;waged, and the Scab fell off, <HI>Anno</HI> 1680.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Linguae Fraenum,</HI> or, Tongue-tiedne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="80">LXXX. In cutting the <HI>Fraenum</HI> of the Tongue, the adjoyning parts, and the branches of the Veins, mu&s;t be very carefully avoided; yea, the Salival Ducts, in the &s;ixth pair of Nerves, are &s;o near to this &s;tring, that they might very ea&s;ily be hurt by deep cutting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> whence a continual Salivation is rai&s;ed.</P>
<P N="81">LXXXI. It is almo&s;t a common cu&s;tome, either for Midwives to break the Bridle of Childrens Tongues with their finger as &s;oon as they are born, or for ignorant Barbers to cut it with a common Lancet: for they think, according to the opinion confirmed by the authority of very learned Phy&s;i|cians, that the &s;peech will not be perfect, if this &s;tring &s;hould remain whole; but they are much mi&s;taken: Indeed, it cannot be, denied, that &s;ome|times the &s;tring of the Tongue wants correction; yet I make bold to affirm, that the errour of the Midwives e&s;pecially is intolerable, who try to break it in all, when I have known many &s;peak well without breaking it; but &s;everal, who have immediately been almo&s;t choaked with bloud, and a little after died, becau&s;e an Inflammation aro&s;e, which cau&s;ing pain, hindred &s;ucking. If therefore we &s;u&s;pect any &s;uch fault in the Tongue, it is expe|dient to defer the Chirurgery till the time of &s;peak|ing, or to have a skilfull admini&s;tration of it, ac|cording to <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="82">LXXXII. In the mean time it behoves the Chi|rurgeon to know this, that among an hundred Chil|dren, &s;carce one can be found, which wants this Chi|rurgery; and that tho&s;e Midwives are &s;illy and ig|norant, who cut all Children as &s;oon as they are born, whereby they deprive Children of their Milk, and,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> other accidents following, of their lives.</P>
<P N="83">LXXXIII. A Midwife cut a Girls Tongue, af|ter her fa&s;hion, with her finger: Pain and Inflam|mation followed, which hindred her taking of the Brea&s;t. Her Parents thinking that the Midwife had not done it &s;ufficiently, called a Chirurgeon, who, with equal ignorance, to mend the matter, cut both the ligament and the ve&s;&s;els of the Tongue, from whence the bloud fell into the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> and killed the Child in three days. When the Child was dead, the Nur&s;e began to complain of a Swelling in her Brea&s;ts, from &s;ome Curdled Milk, and her right Brea&s;t being ill treated, degenerated into an exulcerated Cancer. &para; A Girl new-born when her Tongue was cut, was not able to &s;uck the Milk for Pain: And the Milk curdling in the right Brea&s;t, &s;he laid the Child to the left for a while: A little after &s;he ob&s;erved in her Daugh|ter the <HI>vertebrae</HI> of the Back di&s;torted, towards the right-&s;ide, to which di&s;tortion, that could &s;carce be amended,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> the laying the Child to one Brea&s;t gave occa&s;ion.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Maculae, Naevi,</HI> or, Marks and Moles.</HEAD>
<P N="84">LXXXIV. I think Spots and Moles contracted in the Mothers Womb, may be cured; and I reckon tho&s;e which Children bring into the World with them not altogether incurable, unle&s;s they be near the eyes; But in cutting Tubercles and Spots we mu&s;t be very carefull that they be all cut out, and that nothing of the skin or fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> which is colour|ed, remain: for, they u&s;e to grow again.</P>
<P N="85">LXXXV. <HI>Georgius Segerus Ephemer. German. ann.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 198. di&s;approves of the way of taking off tho&s;e Spots, by anointing with the bloud of the Secun|dine. He &s;ays, that a Maid had the Back of her left hand, almo&s;t all of a fiery-red colour, by rea|&s;on of the Mother's apprehending a &s;udden Burn|ing, when &s;he was with Child, the fright making an impre&s;&s;ion on her left hand. She, by the advice of an old woman, had be&s;meared the di&s;coloured place with the bloud of a Secundine; but it was &s;o far from taking off the Spot, that it cau&s;ed a great Inflammation, with much &s;welling and pain, which the Chirurgeon had much adoe to &s;top, the Mark remaining notwith&s;tanding.</P>
<P N="86">LXXXVI. The be&s;t way of removing the mater|nal Marks, is by Section, which is ea&s;ie, if the Tu|mour can be tied about the root with a thread, and &s;uch things applied, as may commodiou&s;ly in|tercept, or make revul&s;ion of the affluent humours. But we mu&s;t have a care, that no Artery; nor any great Ve&s;&s;el, e&s;pecially a Nerve, be hurt; for if Na|ture permits the lo&s;s of the No&s;e, an Ear, or Eye, without danger of Life, Why may &s;he not u&s;e the &s;ame liberty in her &s;purious productions?<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>J. P. Wil|lius.</HI> Act. Da|nic. ann. 74. ob&s;. 83.</NOTE> A Child was brought to me, over both who&s;e Eyes, and all its Forehead, there were &s;oft red excre&s;cen|cies. I undertook the Cure, and I quickly cured the Child of them all with good &s;ucce&s;s. And this is not the onely Swallow I have &s;een.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Ob&s;tructiones,</HI> or, Ob&s;tructions.</HEAD>
<P N="87">LXXXVII. Whether is it nece&s;&s;ary to give Pur|ges before Aperients to all that are troubled with Ob&s;tructions? Which many Phy&s;icians religiou&s;ly ob&s;erve, without any di&s;tinction: Whereas it is e|vident from the <HI>methodus medendi,</HI> and from certain experience, that ob&s;tructed Bodies rarely admit of purging Medicines before the ob&s;tructions be a little opened; becau&s;e Purgatives draw the di&s;turb|ed humours to the parts affected, far more than other Medicines, whereby the Patients are far more hurt; for the parts &s;o affected can neither receive them, nor &s;uffer them to pa&s;s through, which u&s;es to prove grievous; be&s;ides, they often vomit up their Purges, or the Purges do not work, and they bear them ill, and &s;ometimes a Jaundice follows. We mu&s;t conclude therefore, that for the elder &s;ort, it is both u&s;efull and nece&s;&s;ary to Purge; becau&s;e u&s;ually there are excrements gathered from a bad cour&s;e of Living, which, unle&s;s you Purge before you give openers, you will doe far more harm. For all that are troubled with ob&s;tructions are voracious, e&s;pecially the greater, and Females. Moreover, you mu&s;t Purge tho&s;e bodies, in which the juices are not di&s;tributed, becau&s;e of ob&s;tructi|ons, do redound, and wander to and again in the pa&s;&s;ages of the Ducts, of which nature the&s;e juices are. In all which, but with prudence, we mu&s;t take care to Purge with &s;uch things, as the region, in which the&s;e &s;uperfluous humours are, and the nature of the humours do require, &s;o the Medi|cine draw not the humours from far, nor be given in a large quantity; for this would be vomited up
<PB N="332" REF="172"> again; and the other would draw to the parts ob|&s;tructed; which, becau&s;e they are ob&s;tructed, cannot receive the&s;e juices, and it may be feared, that the body may be di&s;turbed, and grow wor&s;e. But in Children, and in all others, who ab&s;tain from bad and abundance of food, it is not always nece&s;&s;ary to purge their bodies, but either having fir&s;t made them vomit their crudities, or given Cly&s;ters, or Syrups, that are moderately extergent and conco|quent, we may &s;afely give opening Medicines, e&s;pe|cially when for &s;ome days before, a &s;pare and a legal cour&s;e of meat and drink has been in&s;i&s;ted on, and when the Medicine has Steel in it; for that Medi|cine exerts its virtues, and operates onely in the parts, where it is received, and not in tho&s;e that are remote, as other deob&s;truents do, which pa&s;s to the organs of Urine, and to the Womb: for it tends downwards to the belly, and clean&s;es tho&s;e ways, although by its &s;ulphureous faculty it communicate its virtues to other parts, without any damage. But if there be much excrements in the fir&s;t regi|on, or for &s;ome other rea&s;on, or to &s;atisfie the vul|gar, make no matter of purging by turns; when you give a deob&s;truent Medicine, every fourth or fifth day. For, to purge all indifferently, before taking of deob&s;truent Medicines;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> or, to purge none at all, is erroneous.</P>
<P N="88">LXXXVIII. It is &s;ufficient for &s;uch as have a cold Belly, and abound with crudities, to give a little Honey of Ro&s;es &s;even or eight days before taking of the fore&s;aid Medicines, e&s;pecially if you add a little of the decoction of Cinnamon, Sa&s;&s;afras, or Fenil, with a draught of very hot water. And then I u&s;e to recommend exerci&s;e the &s;ame days early in the morning. And Fomentations will be of great u&s;e, which may be applied every third day to the Belly, and parts ob&s;tructed, of a decocti|on of Capers, Wormwood, Dodder of Time, Cha|maemil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Liver be out of order, the ta|king of Syrup of Cichory, <HI>de duabus radicibus cum ace|to,</HI> with Water of Gra&s;s, or Sowthi&s;tle, or <HI>Scorzonera.</HI> Nor will it be improper to add an ounce of Water of Rheubarb, that &s;omething may be clean&s;ed, and not purge violently. But if you have a mind to open the Spleen, it will be proper to give Syrup of Hops, Liverwort, and <HI>Byzantinus,</HI> and Borage, with Water of Tamarisk: And for tho&s;e that are &s;o held, I do not di&s;approve of mixing &s;omething purgative withall, &s;uch as a decoction of Penny-royal; or an infu&s;ion of 2 drachms of the pulp of the Seed of <HI>Carthamus</HI> in a rag: for whom al&s;o Fo|mentations applied to the region of the Spleen will be good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="89">LXXXIX. When the Body is prepared, the Que|&s;tion is, Whether it be always convenient to open ob&s;tructed Bodies with Medicines, which have Steel in them? Or, Is it &s;ufficient in &s;ome to u&s;e tho&s;e things which the Ancients recommended for this purpo&s;e? In which ca&s;e indeed I think it is &s;ufficient for them that cannot u&s;e vehement exerci&s;e, and it is confirmed by many experiments, to take Medi|cines, which have no Steel in them; for Steel Me|dicines require laborious exerci&s;e, and the others not. The virtue of Aperients, and the form of the Medicine, &s;upplies the defect of Exerci&s;e, or a very little &s;uffices. Whence it is evident, that the&s;e a|perients are more proper and &s;afe for Children, un|le&s;s the ob&s;truction be &s;o old and &s;tubborn, that the&s;e will doe no good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> then the urgency of the ca&s;e forces us upon chalybeate Medicines.</P>
<P N="90">XC. And we mu&s;t &s;how, how we prepare and give Chalybeate Medicines: I advi&s;e, in this ten|der age, to give &s;ome aperients without Steel for &s;everal days; but if they doe no good, then we mu&s;t be nece&s;&s;itated to give things with Steel in them: If therefore we mu&s;t begin with them, let the body be exerci&s;ed &s;ome days before, giving one &s;poonfull of Honey, and drinking a little water after it. Chalybeates are made, either, 1. In a potable form, in manner of Syrup, or 2. In form of an Electuary, or 3. In a &s;olid form. You may make a Syrup of the froth of the Steel, which ari|&s;es from a decoction of the Limature, &s;everal times wa&s;ht, made in water of Gra&s;s, Hops, Hart&s;tongue, adding to the water and the froth, juice of Apples, Cichory and Hops, with Sugar; or, Take of water of Tamarisk, Gra&s;s, Hops, Dock-root, each three ounces. In the&s;e, quench half a drachm of filings of Steel red-hot; heat the like quantity of filings of Steel again, and quench them in the &s;ame wa|ter, and doe &s;o five times with new Steel. Give 1 ounce of this water to Children, and make a Syrup of it with juice of Hops, Borage and Cichory, and give one ounce and an half. An Electuary may be thus made; Take of Quodiniack of <HI>Scorzonera</HI> three ounces, Syrup of Maiden-hair 2 ounces, Powder of Bezoar-&s;tone 1 Scruple, Powder of <HI>Diamarg.</HI> and <HI>Tria&s;ant.</HI> each 2 &s;cruples. Mix them. But I mu&s;t tell you, it is nece&s;&s;ary, for a few days, between whiles, to give a little Rheubarb-water (which is thus made; Take of water of Hops, Gra&s;s, Mai|denhair, or Cinnamon, two pounds: Infu&s;e three drachms of Rheubarb powdered) with Syrup of Ci|chory, or <HI>Scorzonera,</HI> or three or four &s;poonfulls of Syrup of Cichory with Rheubarb: for it wonder|fully carries off the &s;uperfluous humours of the belly and me&s;entery by &s;tool; e&s;pecially, if you add a little of the decoction of Seed of <HI>Carthamus.</HI> In ta|king of which Medicines you mu&s;t ob&s;erve this or|der, that the Child, either before taking of this Medicine in a &s;olid form, drink a draught of diu|retick water warm, or after it. And a thing which I rather approve of, is to &s;leep a little upon it, as long as may &s;uffice, to di&s;&s;olve the Medicine, and then to u&s;e exerci&s;e. &para; <HI>Specificum Intutropham,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> u&s;ed much by the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Schafhau&s;en,</HI> will an&s;wer all intentions; Take of White Sugar-Candy two ounces, Volatile Salt of Soot half an ounce, Root of Florentine <HI>Iris</HI> 2 drachms, Root of <HI>Aron</HI> prepared, <HI>Diaphoreticum Joviale, Diaphoreticum Martiale,</HI> prepared Crabseyes each 1 drachm. Mix them. Make a fine Powder. If you add Anni&s;eeds, Nutmegs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">M. Th. Zwin|gerus.</NOTE> or Cinnamon, each half an ounce, you will have a Powder, inciding and di&s;&s;olving vi&s;cid humours, tempering and ab&s;orbing the acid and au&s;tere ones. The do&s;e from five grains to half a Scruple, in &s;ome Syrup, morning and evening.</P>
<P N="91">XCI. In Children, that are troubled with ob|&s;tructions of the Me&s;entery, if they be not lean, nor cholerick, nor have a hot Liver, and be not thir&s;ty; but have a &s;oft fle&s;h, a cold Stomach, &s;queami&s;h and inclined to Vomit, full of crudities; and if the ob&s;tructions con&s;i&s;t of Conden&s;ated Phlegm, I think it very whol&s;ome to give a little Wine, namely, as much as is &s;ufficient to recall the Heat into the Bowels, to attenuate gro&s;s excrements, and help the Ob&s;truction of crude ones, whereby Ob&s;tructi|ons and Accidents are far better cured, than by a|ny other remedy, which I find by faithfull experi|ments and in&s;tances. But if you give it, once a day is enough, not mere Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> but mixt with a lit|tle boiled water.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Oris Inflammatio,</HI> or, An Inflammation of the Mouth.</HEAD>
<P N="92">XCII. Whether is Honey of Ro&s;es good for an Inflammation of the Mouth? It is affirmed, becau&s;e Medicines wherewith it is mixt, have, in regard of the Honey, an ab&s;ter&s;ive faculty, and, in re&s;pect of the Ro&s;es, a cooling one. But, &s;ome &s;u&s;pect the taking it. 1. Becau&s;e of the hot, fiery quality of the Honey. 2. Becau&s;e it is readily turned into bile. 3. Becau&s;e it is rather proper for Phlegma|tick Di&s;ea&s;es. I an&s;wer, 1. The hot quality of the Honey is tempered by the Ro&s;es, by rea&s;on where|of it is cooling, as well as detergent: Wherefore, 2. It is not &s;o ea&s;ily converted into Bile, as if it
<PB N="333" REF="172"> were alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> And, 3. An afflux of Phlegm is join|ed with it.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Pavores,</HI> or, Frightfulne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="93">XCIII. Whether is Wormwood good for frightful|ne&s;s? It is affirmed, by rea&s;on the juice tempered with Sugar is proper for the antecedent cau&s;e, namely cor|ruption of Meat in the Stomach. Nor is it any hin|drance, that Wormwood, as they &s;ay, affects the head, and by heating, may increa&s;e the exhalations, and may cau&s;e &s;leep before the time, which cau&s;es this evil. For addition of Sugar corrects the fir&s;t mi&s;chief, when it is made into a Syrup. There|fore, 2. If it be taken after a right manner and &s;ea|&s;on, the other mi&s;chief need not be feared. 3. Nor need un&s;ea&s;onable &s;leep be feared here; becau&s;e it corrects the cau&s;e of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Scabies,</HI> or, The Itch.</HEAD>
<P N="94">XCIV. Let Mothers have a care that they cure not the Itch in Children, whatever part of the body it be in, unle&s;s it corrupt the eyes, ears, no&s;e, and &s;uch parts. My elde&s;t Son, till he was &s;even years old, had not one &s;peck of his body; wherefore I often foretold, that &s;ome &s;udden and mortal di&s;ea&s;e would &s;eize him. And indeed, being taken with a &s;toppage of Urine, he died the &s;eventh day of the di&s;ea&s;e, of a great inflammation of the Kidneys and parts adjoyning, which turned to a Gangrene. Na|ture, to wit, not being able to purge the body of vitious humours by the Itch, they, in the &s;eventh year, as by critical expul&s;ion, fell &s;uddenly from the head, brea&s;t, and other parts, upon the Loins. In my practice I have met with &s;everal di&s;ea&s;es, internal and external in Children, in whom, either Nature had not expelled the Itch, or it had been cured vio|lently. Therefore let the hone&s;t Phy&s;ician ab&s;tain from Medicines; And if there be a nece&s;&s;ity, let the Pain of the Itch in Children be mitigated one|ly with fre&s;h Butter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> or with it wa&s;ht in Ro&s;e-wa|ter, or with Creme. &para; Children are very often taken with an Itch in their hands and feet, when the re&s;t of their limbs are untouched, by rea&s;on of their voraciou&s;ne&s;s, which, if you &s;hould heal with Litharge, Quick&s;ilver, Oil of Bays, and a little Brim&s;tone, as Empiricks doe, you may pre&s;ently cure them of the Itch, but you will put them in pre&s;ent hazard of their lives, becau&s;e you partly hinder the circulation of the bloud, and partly re|pell the excrements of the third concoction, as when you anoint on the cutaneous veins and arte|ries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> &para; In this &s;ort of Ail, the Parents always de|&s;ire help of Phy&s;icians, or old Women. But if any one will but con&s;ider it &s;eriou&s;ly, beginning with the nature of the thing, he will find nothing more needle&s;s, than a Medicine for it for, by apply|ing any, all we doe, is but to weaken the Chil|drens &s;trength, &s;o that the recrements being kept in, grow more furious, and, it may be, fall more violently (as they often do) upon the principal parts. Wherefore, I judge the cure of this pre|&s;ent Ail, and the care of the internal recrements, mu&s;t be committed to Nature onely, becau&s;e &s;he alone will in&s;en&s;ibly, by little and little, and mo&s;t &s;ecurely &s;eparate tho&s;e vitious recrements from the nutritious &s;ub&s;tances, and will in&s;en&s;ibly al&s;o tran&s;|mit what is ami&s;s into the ignoble parts, that is, into the Skin neare&s;t to where, they are mo&s;t prevalent. And when &s;he has bred much good aliment, and very little bad excrement remains, &s;he takes care to dry up the foulne&s;s tran&s;mitted to the Skin, and makes it &s;eparate and fall off, the Skin remaining whole and &s;ound underneath, which will receive no more, becau&s;e there is nothing remaining to be &s;eparated; and if there be anything, it is either de&s;troyed in the place, or the Skin being whole, dige&s;ts and di&s;&s;ipates it, and permits it to go out freely, without making any abode there, &s;o as to turn to the Itch, as it did formerly. By which prudent Patience alone, I have known &s;everal Chil|dren re&s;tored to their perfect health and beauty; whereas I have &s;een others ruined, by u&s;ing un&s;ea|&s;onable and u&s;ele&s;s remedies.</P>
<P N="95">XCV. But let no Man think, that it may not be holpen by any means, nor in any ca&s;e: Let a Man con&s;ider, that if with the recrements there be any thing of the Venous kind, the abundance whereof has with it heat, and falling down with the recre|ments, &s;ignalized the Itchy parts with inflammato|ry di&s;po&s;itions and redne&s;s, e&s;pecially if there be a Fever; then indeed we mu&s;t cure with cupping and &s;carifying the Armes and Shoulders, or, for greater revul&s;ion, the Thighs, to draw to them what is redundant in the body; which when done, you mu&s;t give the Child and Nur&s;e attemperating things. But, if it appear, that the Venous kind has, be&s;ides the heat of bloud, &s;omething bilious, &s;alt, or di&s;affected, it will not be ami&s;s to Purge gently: This one thing neverthele&s;s ob&s;erved, that you ne|ver attempt to apply any thing to the Itchy part, &s;ince it is certain, that &s;eldom any thing does good: for oftentimes you may render the part more ten|der and &s;oft, &s;o that if there be any thing in the body, the Skin more ea&s;ily receives it, and when it is received, makes the Itch wor&s;e; though the &s;cabs and pu&s;tules, that were there before, be fallen off.</P>
<P N="96">XCVI. But if the pu&s;tulous Itch increa&s;e &s;o, that it will neither give way to change of Age, Diet, nor Medicine, but by an invincible Itching, and for fear of a Lepro&s;ie, force us to the&s;e greater reme|dies, e&s;pecially if the Patient be in danger of a Con&s;umption, then we mu&s;t take care, by other Medicines, which, be&s;ides that they Purge radical|ly, do &s;ub&s;tantially moderate and temper the Li|ver, and repair it with new nutrition, and which al&s;o have the faculty of rarefying, purging and clean&s;ing a filthy thick Skin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="97">XCVII. But let not any Man think, that there is no time when we may apply things to the Itchy parts, that the Scabs may either ripen, or dry and fall off. And let a Man con&s;ider, that it mu&s;t be done then e&s;pecially, when it appears the Di&s;ea&s;e is towards the declen&s;ion, and le&s;s Scabs and Pu&s;tules break out, and what is broke out more ea&s;ily falls off; It is a &s;ign indeed of paucity of matter, and of the vigour of the faculties, becau&s;e it wa&s;tes more in&s;en&s;ibly, and breeds le&s;s, or le&s;s remains of what is contracted from the Nativity. At which time Nature mu&s;t be helped with things that nei|ther repell nor draw, but onely &s;often the Scabs, dry up the fretting running places, and ab&s;terge the foul.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Scrophulae,</HI> or, the King's-Evil.</HEAD>
<P N="98">XCVIII. Great Prudence mu&s;t be u&s;ed in treat|ing Children in the King's-Evil. 1. Gentle things mu&s;t always be u&s;ed. 2. Violent Medicines mu&s;t be avoided, becau&s;e there is danger of rai&s;ing a Fever, and le&s;t their tender fle&s;h &s;hould be hurt. 3. The Swellings mu&s;t be treated neither with fire nor the knife, which are near the Arteries, or great Nerves, e&s;pecially about the Neck,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> le&s;t the rever|&s;ive Nerves be hurt.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Siria&s;is,</HI> or, Head-mold&s;hottenne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="99">XCIX. I am compelled to take notice of <HI>Avicen|na</HI>'s mi&s;take concerning Childrens <HI>Siria&s;is.</HI> He took all that <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Paulus</HI> wrote concerning Chil|drens <HI>Siria&s;is,</HI> and put it word for word into his Chapter of the <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> of the Brain, and defined it to be an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> of the Brain, which Di&s;ea&s;es are quite contrary; for an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> is an Ab&s;ce&s;s, with inflammation coming of yellow Choler, which, if
<PB N="334" REF="173"> it &s;eize the Brain, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> thinks, there will be a Fever, and a <HI>Sphacelus</HI> of tne Brain, which u&s;ually kills the Patient on the third day, <HI>Cap.</HI> 7.51. Each of which things is not competible with a <HI>Siria&s;is:</HI> for it is a far milder Di&s;ea&s;e and heat of the head than an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> and it u&s;ually takes Children in the heat of Summer, becau&s;e of pituitous bloud, or phlegm it &s;elf putrefying about the membranes of the Brain, and inflaming the Spirits in the Arteries with a gen|tle Fever. You will Object, That the &s;ame re|medies, with which <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and <HI>Paulus</HI> extingui&s;h the Heat of a <HI>Siria&s;is,</HI> &s;ince they are cold and moi&s;t, will doe an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> as much good, which is a hot and dry Di&s;ea&s;e. But you are mi&s;taken; for, upon the account of the concoction of the Di&s;ea&s;e, which is an alteration, cau&s;ing the Putrefaction to cea&s;e, the &s;ub&s;tance remaining, they require the &s;ame Me|dicines. If indeed, by applying cold things to the <HI>Sinciput,</HI> the Arteries of the Temples and Wri&s;ts, and Forehead, in the conceptacles whereof the <HI>Si|ria&s;is</HI> lies burning, you can extingui&s;h or alter the external heat in the membranes of the Brain and Arteries, which might kindle putrefaction, certain|ly you have prevented it, and concocted the Di|&s;ea&s;e. And, this very thing you may doe, with the &s;ame remedies, in the cure of an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas.</HI> But, as for what concerns the cau&s;e and &s;ub&s;tance of the Di&s;ea&s;e, there is need of far different remedies, which the &s;ub&s;tance of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and its cau&s;e, will indicate to you. Fir&s;t, A cold and moi&s;t Diet was ordered the Nur&s;e; and after I had applied Nettles pounded in a Mortar, with a little <HI>&V;nguen|tum Populeon</HI> to the Arteries of the Temples and Wri&s;ts, and had renewed them every hour, the Heat of the <HI>Siria&s;is</HI> was extingui&s;hed in le&s;s than two hours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="100">C. Outwardly almo&s;t all commend the Yelk of an Egg, with Oil of Ro&s;es. The Juice of Helio|trope is admirably commended by <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> and others. Juice al&s;o of Night&s;hade and Lettuce is good, but e&s;pecially the Juice of Citrulls, and of Gourds. But we mu&s;t take notice, not to &s;urpa&s;s in the&s;e cooling Medicines, le&s;t while we avoid Heat, we fall on the Ice, that is, le&s;t of one bad Di|&s;ea&s;e another far wor&s;e &s;hould be made.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="101">CI. There is another thing al&s;o to be ob&s;erved, that the&s;e Medicines, as all Men advi&s;e, be conti|nually changed, and that they be always u&s;ed warm in Winter time, and actually cold in Sum|mer: Becau&s;e if they be kept long on, they grow hot and dry, and afterwards doe more harm than good.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> der.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Tu&s;&s;is,</HI> or, a Cough.</HEAD>
<P N="102">CII. That a Cough &s;ometimes ari&s;es without any great fault in the Lungs, becau&s;e of Morbifick mat|ter falling on the Pneumonick Nerves, the Hi&s;tory of a Girl, who was ill of Convul&s;ion-fits, and of a grievous and continual <HI>Vertigo,</HI> does &s;hew: To whom, when a fomentation of a Cephalick Decocti|on was applied to her Head, pre&s;ently her Swimming cea&s;ed, and in&s;tead of it there came a dry Cough, without any Spitting, which troubled her night and day. Which without doubt happened, becau&s;e the &s;pa&s;modick matter was forced out of the Brain in|to the origination of the Nerves. This merely con|vul&s;ive Cough &s;eldom occurs in adult people; in Children it is very frequent, and &s;ometimes epide|mick: which when at fir&s;t it has been moderate, afterwards it grows violent and convul&s;ive. So that in Coughing the Diaphragm being drawn up|wards, and kept in a long <HI>Sy&s;tole,</HI> or often repeat|ed, the Lungs are much &s;traitned, and greatly hin|dred in their motion: In the mean time, becau&s;e their Breath is &s;topt, and the bloud is kept about the heart, and therefore &s;tagnates in other places, the Patients are in danger of choaking, and often contract a livid and dead countenance. In this ca&s;e, be&s;ides &s;pa&s;ms, rai&s;ed by &s;training to Cough, about the Heart, oftentimes the Stomach &s;ympathizes, and ca&s;ts all up that is in it by Vomit: Nay, I have known in &s;ome young Children, that this Di|&s;ea&s;e has fallen now and then on other parts, and has rai&s;ed Convul&s;ive motions in the Face, Eyes and Limbs, and &s;ometimes has proved mortal. The Di&s;ea&s;e is difficult, and u&s;ually very long in cure. The principal indications will be to purge the &s;e|rous and &s;harp humours, drowning the Lungs, out of the bloud and bowels, that their tendency to the Brain, and &s;ometimes to the Brea&s;t, may be prevented: And to &s;trengthen the Parts, that they may not ea&s;ily admit the &s;uperfluities of the e&s;tua|ting <HI>Serum.</HI> To the&s;e ends, Vomits and gentle Pur|ges are almo&s;t always good, and &s;ometimes mu&s;t be repeated. Bli&s;ters are often u&s;efull: yea, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be &s;tubborn, an I&s;&s;ue may be made in the Neck, or Arm, or about the Armpits, Drink and li|quid Aliment mu&s;t then be taken in le&s;s quantity than u&s;ual; and in&s;tead thereof a Diet-drink of <HI>Sar|&s;a, China,</HI> Sanders, &s;havings of Hart&s;horn, and diure|tick and anti&s;pa&s;modick ingredients may be u&s;ed. In this ca&s;e, &s;ome remedies are cried up, as Spe|cificks, &s;uch as Cup-mo&s;s, given in Powder, or boiled in Milk, and &s;o given frequently every day: A decoction, or Syrup of Ca&s;tor and Saffron; De|coctions of Root of Poeony, Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, and Hy&s;&s;op, have done good to many: Water of Black Cherries, Saxifrage, and Water of Snails di|&s;tilled with Whey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and proper ingredients are often given with &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="103">CIII. Whether in Childrens Cough may the Brea&s;t be anointed? The Negative &s;eems probable, 1. Becau&s;e all Anointing &s;tops the Pores of the Skin. 2. And the virtue of the Ointment reaches not to the inner parts. 3. By rubbing of the Oint|ment on hot the fluxion to the part affected is greater. But I hold the Affirmative; becau&s;e &s;uch Liniments have an emollient, dige&s;ting and di&s;&s;ipa|ting faculty. Therefore I an&s;wer to the fir&s;t, That Anointing actually cold, &s;tops the Pores of the Skin; but not that which is actually and po|tentially hot. 2. It is &s;ufficient to help Nature, and to promote the di&s;charge of the peccant mat|ter outwardly, by occult tran&s;piration. 3. It is granted, that &s;ome attraction is made; but it is to the exteriour and &s;ound part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="104">CIV. In Childrens Coughs, which our Coun|try people call <HI>the Hooping Cough,</HI> Bloud-letting gives great relief,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and far exceeds all pectoral Medi|cines.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Varae Tibiae,</HI> or, Crooked Legs.</HEAD>
<P N="105">CV. Oftentimes Children about two years old, when they begin to go, are crook-legged, for which their carefull Mothers take the advice of Chirurgeons; and they try to &s;et their Legs and Thighs &s;treight with divers Engines, but to no pur|po&s;e; becau&s;e naturally, and of their own accord, when they are three or four years old,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Formius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 30.</NOTE> the Legs and Mu&s;cles grow &s;trong, and the Parts return to their natural &s;tate.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Ventris Dolor, Tumor,</HI> Pain, or Swelling in the Belly.</HEAD>
<P N="106">CVI. What remains of the Navel-&s;tring after cut|ting, mortifies, and in four or five days time falls off of it &s;elf: And hence, unle&s;s you put a linen rag three or four times double about the part, which contracts great Cold, pains in the Belly ari&s;e, which are a&s;cribed to other cau&s;es. It is a &s;ign this is the cau&s;e, for they abate and cea&s;e by ap|plying heating things.</P>
<P N="107">CVII. Children are often troubled with inflam|mation of the Belly, from crude Milk, which is neither well Purged by Vomit, nor Stool. It is
<PB N="335" REF="173"> indeed Crudity proceeding from abundance of Food, which exceeds the &s;trength of the Stomach, which, unle&s;s it be quickly prevented, degenerates either into tedious fevers, or into a loo&s;ne&s;s, rea|ching and vomiting, watching and re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s. There attends this Di&s;ea&s;e a gentle Fever, or celerity of Pul&s;e, &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, a leaden or pale co|lour of the Face, and &s;welling of the Eyes and Face. In which ca&s;e we mu&s;t be more &s;olicitous for di&s;charging the abundance, than for &s;trengthning the Stomach or alteration. I indeed endeavour to dimini&s;h the matter by Cly&s;ters, Suppo&s;itories and par&s;imony of Milk or of other Food. If the Di&s;|ea&s;e go not off pre&s;ently, we mu&s;t not &s;tand dod|ging, but give a gentle purging potion. After which I order &s;uch things to be applied to the Belly as have a virtue to attenuate, incide and make lax what is in the Belly, that it may the more ea&s;ily go off.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="108">CVIII. In children, yea, and in grown people there is often a hardne&s;s and inflation of the Belly, the cau&s;e whereof is the hardne&s;s of the Me&s;araick Glands, and &s;o there is onely pa&s;&s;age for the thin|ner Chyle to the great lacteal Vein, upon which the fle&s;h of the Mu&s;cles grows limber, the Body is rendred heavy and tire&s;ome, yea, and at length a Fever and Con&s;umption ari&s;es. I u&s;e to remove the Di&s;ea&s;e by this Liniment without any trouble; Take of <HI>&V;nguent. Altb. compo&s;.</HI> 1 ounce, <HI>Arthanit. Mar|tiat.</HI> each 2 drachms; Oil of white Lilies, Chamae|mil, each 2 drachms. Mix them. It is good to chew the&s;e Trochi&s;cs all the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e; Take of Steel prepared, Crabs-eyes prepared, each 1 &s;cruple; <HI>Tartarum vitriolatum</HI> half a drachm, <HI>Lapis Prunellae</HI> 16 grains, <HI>Spec. Aromat. Ro&s;at.</HI> 1 &s;cruple, white Sugar 2 ounces. Mix them. Make Trochi&s;cs. Purging in this ca&s;e mu&s;t be celebrated onely with <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Cream of Tartar and laxative Syrups; for the Glands will not bear &s;tronger Purgatives.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Vermes,</HI> or, Worms.</HEAD>
<P N="109">CIX. According to <HI>Galen</HI>'s judgment, 4. <HI>Meth.</HI> the principal &s;cope in curing of Worms is, to get them out of the Body: But becau&s;e they cannot ea&s;ily be got out while they are alive, therefore it is nece&s;&s;a|ry fir&s;t to kill them, or &s;o to &s;tony them that they cannot re&s;i&s;t the Medicines. And the things that kill or &s;tony them are all bitter, &s;harp, inciding, a|&s;tringent things and &s;harp and oily ones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="110">CX. Becau&s;e the&s;e Animals mu&s;t be cheated, and are delighted with &s;weet things, the onely way is, always to mix delectable things with &s;uch as kill them; and therefore they doe very ill, who give bitter or &s;owre things alone: for the Worms will not &s;uck plain Poi&s;on. But if the Poi&s;on be mixt with &s;weet things, <HI>ludificantur lumbrici,</HI> as <HI>Lucretius</HI> &s;ays of children, and therefore they draw the Poi|&s;on with Honey and &s;weet things. Wherefore Me|dicines that are given for the Worms, mu&s;t always be mixt with Sugar, Milk, Honey, or Honey and Water. For my children at home I order an <HI>Oxy|mel</HI> to be made of the Decoction of Honey, the &s;harpe&s;t Vinegar and Wormwood: For &s;uch an <HI>Oxy|mel</HI> admirably pre&s;erves children from the Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="111">CXI. In tho&s;e Medicines that are given by way of Cly&s;ter, always &s;weet things mu&s;t either be gi|ven alone, or mu&s;t prevail above the re&s;t: The rea|&s;on is, becau&s;e the&s;e Animals being drawn by the &s;weetne&s;s, come down to the lower parts. On the contrary, in Medicines that are taken by the mouth, the &s;harp or bitter things mu&s;t prevail over the &s;weet: The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e if there were more &s;weet than bitter, the&s;e Animals might ea&s;ily be drawn into the Stomach, and could not well be killed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="112">CXII. It is worthy ob&s;ervation, that Medicines accommodated to the killing of Worms mu&s;t by no means be violent: for, be&s;ides that the Stomach is offended by them; the Worms, being di&s;turbed, grow more enraged and cruel.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="113">CXIII. The onely time to take all Medicines is, when the Stomach is empty, becau&s;e if Medicines be given when the Stomach is full, their virtue, which is otherwi&s;e weak, is dulled and almo&s;t ex|tingui&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="114">CXIV. There is no Medicine which is &s;o gene|rally proper for killing of all Worms, nor <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o pre|&s;ent a Remedy as that they call Coral-wort or Sea|mo&s;s. For Mountebanks u&s;e this Medicine, and they doe Wonders with it: &s;o that I have &s;een an incredible quantity of humours &s;ometimes voided with this onely Medicine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="115">CXV. Our Countrey Women think that all chil|dren have the Worms; But when none are voided, they &s;ay, they are turned to putrid humours; And they are not much out; for as Worms inclo&s;ed in a Vial gla&s;s, and covered up in warm Dung, do pre|&s;ently turn to &s;lime, why may not the &s;ame be done in our Bodies, who&s;e heat an&s;wers to the heat of Dung,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pachequur <HI>ad</HI> Riv. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 57.</NOTE> when the Worms are killed with bitter Me|dicines?</P>
<P N="116">CXVI. Sometimes Patients have a Fever with the Worms, and &s;ometimes they have none. When they have a Fever, the coole&s;t Medicines mu&s;t be cho|&s;en: When they have no Fever, we may u&s;e hotter things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="117">CXVII. And it is &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary to kill the Worms, and &s;top the Loo&s;ne&s;s which the Worms cau&s;e. Wherefore we mu&s;t u&s;e deter&s;ive bitter things, and not a&s;tringent ones; le&s;t the Worms, when they are killed, be retained, and putrefie. Let therefore Cly&s;ters be made of a Decoction of Lentils or Lupines, and a Decoction of Colewort, to which we may add Ro&s;es, Myrobalanes, or &s;uch things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="118">CXVIII. It may be queried, Whether Medicines that evacuate in&s;en&s;ibly, be proper in the&s;e ca&s;es, as among others a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum?</HI> Without doubt, if we con&s;ider the place where the matter of Worms re&s;ides, the u&s;e of &s;uch Medicines will be no way convenient; for this evacuates matter in the habit of the body; Worms are bred in the Guts. But notwith&s;tanding, &s;ince the Wood has a Bitterne&s;s in it, and the Decoction of it is &s;harp and very bitter. I think it an u&s;efull Medicine, for that it not onely by drying may con&s;ume the crude humours of the Stomach and Guts, but is al&s;o able by its great bitterne&s;s and acrimony, to kill the&s;e Animals. And therefore a Decoction of the Wood may be u&s;efull both for prevention and cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="119">CXIX. <HI>Galen</HI> indeed forbids Treacle to children, becau&s;e of the thin Texture of their body, and the abundance of Heat; for fear of di&s;&s;ipating the Spi|rits. Yet I &s;aw at <HI>Rome</HI> the excellent Dr. <HI>H. Savianus</HI> give it to children of two years old. And I in imi|tation of him have given it &s;everal times to my own children, when they were troubled with the Worms. Wherefore I think the u&s;e of it need not &s;o much be feared.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Jordanus,</HI> de Pe&s;te Tract. c. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="120">CXX. Quick&s;ilver is good for the Worms in chil|dren, but it is after they are three years old: The do&s;e for the&s;e is three grains: For the fir&s;t &s;even years, &s;even or eight grains: For the elder &s;ort, half a &s;cruple. They that are of a &s;oft and very tender habit of body can &s;carce bear it; but they that are of a fat and gro&s;s habit, do ea&s;ily: For tho&s;e in a Fever, it is given in Gra&s;s-water; for them without, in Wine. It is given alive, not kil|led; for &s;o it &s;ticks to the Stomach and Guts, and cau&s;es cruel Symptoms: But it mu&s;t fir&s;t be wa&s;hed in very &s;harp Vinegar, and then &s;trained through a thick Leather. <HI>Bra&s;&s;avclus, Matthiolus</HI> and <HI>Fri&s;imelica,</HI> u&s;ed it &s;o. Water wherein it has been &s;teeped does the &s;ame, and brings no inconvenience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="121">CXXI. I know nothing that pre&s;erves children &s;o well from Worms, as frequently to mix Aloes with their Meat. It may be done by gilding &s;mall
<PB N="336" REF="174"> Pills, which for the &s;malne&s;s are &s;carce &s;en&s;ible. Give four or five of them according to the nature of the child.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="122">CXXII. Becau&s;e children u&s;ually are very &s;ub|ject to Worms, which are ea&s;ily bred of Crudities, cau&s;ed by cramming and corruption of the Food: Therefore &s;ome Medicine, which yet may not cau&s;e a wor&s;e mi&s;chief, mu&s;t be made u&s;e of; for &s;trong things, e&s;pecially in dubious ca&s;es, mu&s;t never be u&s;ed. Let therefore four ounces of water di&s;tilled off the Juice of Goats-rue &s;uffice; or a draught of Ro&s;e-water, with Juice of Citron or Lemon; or Broth altered with Sorrel, adding the Juice of Ci|tron.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Vigiliae,</HI> or, Want of Sleep.</HEAD>
<P N="123">CXXIII. Want of Sleep in children is a Di&s;ea&s;e different from want of Sleep in old people; be|cau&s;e it is an ab&s;urd thing to think that this can ri&s;e in children from that cau&s;e, namely, becau&s;e of Drine&s;s, which cau&s;es want of Sleep in grown people. Therefore it is well judged by all Phy&s;ici|ans, when children cannot &s;leep, that it proceeds from nothing el&s;e but from Meat corrupted in the Stomach, from whence while &s;harp Vapours are con|&s;tantly carried to the Brain, they piercing the Mem|branes hinder Sleep; therefore the whole &s;tre&s;s of the Cure lies e&s;pecially upon correcting the Sto|mach, that it may not corrupt the Meat, and that Sleep may be provoked by all means.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="124">CXXIV. Whether is Saffron good in want of Sleep? It &s;eems not convenient, becau&s;e it heats and dries. 2. It excites the Sen&s;es. 3. It cau&s;es a mobility of Spirits; wherefore it is &s;aid to refre&s;h the Sen&s;es. But note, it mu&s;t not be pre&s;cribed alone in this ca&s;e, but mixt with a cooling Syrup, to which it adds penetration. Therefore, 1. It heats and dries alone, but mixt with other things, it pro|cures Sleep, by rai&s;ing gratefull Vapours. 2. There|fore it onely excites the Sen&s;es by it &s;elf. 3. With hot Cordials it revives the Heart by introducing a mobility of Spirits; but not, when mixt with cold things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="125">CXXV. Things to procure Sleep cannot very &s;afely be given children, becau&s;e they dull their Wits. Nur&s;es therefore doe very ill in giving them Syrup of Popy, that they may provide for their own ea&s;e. Hypnoticks &s;hould rather be given to them than to children; but they mu&s;t be moderate, as &s;weet Almonds,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Lettuce, Popy &s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>&V;mbilici Inflammatio, Tumor,</HI> or, An Inflammation or Swelling of the Navel.</HEAD>
<P N="126">CXXVI. In a Swelling of the Navel from the bur&s;ting out of a Gut or the Cawl, when exter|nal Remedies doe no good, we mu&s;t proceed to cutting or burning. About cutting the &s;ame way al|mo&s;t is laid down by <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and <HI>Paulus.</HI> But we mu&s;t remember what <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays, that Sucking children mu&s;t by no means be cut, but more adult children. Be&s;ides, the bodies of all children are not fit for cutting; but &s;uch as are of a good habit of body, without any Itch or Breaking out: For if bodies of a bad habit and ill humours, be cut, they are dif|ficult to heal; yea, they are in danger of a Gan|grene. Be&s;ides, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that every &s;ea|&s;on is not fit for cutting, but onely the Spring; not Autumn,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> Winter, nor Summer.</P>
<P N="127">CXXVII. In an Inflammation of the Navel, Oil of Ro&s;es with Oil of Worms is conveniently applied to the Navel, till the Inflammation abate. Which yet is &s;u&s;pected by &s;ome; becau&s;e it u&s;es to be o|therwi&s;e pre&s;cribed in cold Di&s;ea&s;es of the Nerves; wherefore it may be feared that by its heat it may make the Inflammation greater. But ob&s;erve, when they are mixt together they temper the Inflamma|tion:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> though it alone may cau&s;e an Inflammation.</P>
<P N="128">CXXVIII. Sometimes the Navel in young chil|dren grows as big as an Egg, becau&s;e it has been ill cut or bound, or &s;erous humours have flown thi|ther, or becau&s;e that part has dilated it &s;elf more than it &s;hould by crying and the gripes. Sometimes they bring the &s;welling joined with an ab&s;ce&s;s from the Womb with them. But the Chirurgeon mu&s;t no way try to open it; for upon opening, the Guts fall out, as I have ob&s;erved in many.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="129">CXXIX. Sometimes the Navel &s;ticks out with a carnous &s;ub&s;tance growing to it, which fault, though it &s;eldom happen in children, yet it is difficult, if not impo&s;&s;ible to cure, if it grow: At the begin|ning the breeding of fle&s;h may be hindred; for then onely it is capable of cure. At the fir&s;t coming you mu&s;t &s;carifie the Legs, purge gently, and then apply Repellents and Strengthners to the Part. When this is done, I do not advi&s;e to proceed to cau&s;tick Medicines, as Authours advi&s;e, in the <HI>Scro|tum:</HI> for it is enough in children to wa&s;te by de|grees what is &s;oftned and attenuated. But con&s;ider, in this Di&s;ea&s;e you mu&s;t proceed alternately, <HI>viz.</HI> fir&s;t you mu&s;t u&s;e Repellents, and afterwards things that di&s;&s;olve and dige&s;t, but if you doe no good with the&s;e things, believe the Di&s;ea&s;e is incurable, unle&s;s perhaps &s;omething exulcerate of it &s;elf, to which &s;omething may be applied, that may eat the fle&s;h by little and little, having a care that no Vein or Artery be touched; for fear of an Haemor|rhage.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="130">CXXX. And the Navel &s;ticks out with bloud or arterious or venous &s;pirit, at which time have a care you make not bold through any per&s;ua&s;ion to open the Navel, or &s;carifie it; but you mu&s;t cure it onely as an Aneuri&s;m or <HI>Chemo&s;is</HI> with Repellents, A&s;tringents and Pla&s;ters good again&s;t a Rupture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="131">CXXXI. Among all things that are good for a Rupture of the Navel, I reckon this be&s;t, which I ordered to be made for the &s;ake of a great Prince; Take of new Wax three pounds, Re&s;in, <HI>Colophonia,</HI> Tar, Oil of Eggs, each two ounces; Dragon's-bloud three drachms, Turpentine two ounces, Root of Water-lily and its Flower, each half an ounce; Root of Comfrey one ounce, <HI>Cypre&s;s</HI> nuts half an ounce, Galls one ounce, Bole Armenick half a drachm, Bark of Frankincen&s;e-tree half an ounce, Aloes one ounce, Bloud-&s;tone half an ounce, of both Litharges two ounces and an half, Ma&s;tick, Mumy, Myrrh, each two drachms; <HI>Carabe,</HI> Pome|granate Flowers, Earth-worms burnt, Red-ro&s;es, each two drachms and an half; <HI>Galbanum,</HI> Ammoni|ack, each four drachms. Make a Pla&s;ter according to Art.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD><HI>Vomitus,</HI> or, Vomiting.</HEAD>
<P N="132">CXXXII. Vomiting in children comes one of the&s;e two ways: 1. When they &s;uck as much Milk as their bellies will hold, but cannot dige&s;t it, they pre|&s;ently &s;trive to ea&s;e them&s;elves of their burthen and trouble, and then, after &s;ucking, they ca&s;t up what is grievous, and concoct the remainder well. This Vomiting proceeds from abundance of Milk, and &s;trength of the Stomach, and therefore is for the child's good. But then they vomit in another man|ner, to wit, when they have not &s;uckt much Milk, neverthele&s;s, a&s;&s;oon as they are taken from the Brea&s;t, they vomit and vomit again, not once or twice, but oftner, till there is no Milk left in the Stomach. And as the fir&s;t find no harm from their Vomiting, but grow and thrive, and live merrily; far better than on tho&s;e days they do not vomit; &s;o the&s;e la&s;t, after their Vomiting, are lean, con&s;umptive, and do not thrive. This Vomiting is always morbid, either becau&s;e of the nature of the Milk; contrary to the child's nature, acid, &s;alt, or bitter, which pre&s;ently after &s;ucking it abhors, and di&s;charges by Vomiting, not re&s;ting till it be free from all the ini|micous aliment: Or, 2. Becau&s;e the child is of a Sto|mach
<PB N="337" REF="174"> &s;o &s;en&s;ible, weak and ea&s;ie to vomit, becau&s;e it is no le&s;s altered by its familiar food, and with a great irritation endeavours to expell it; till it be ea&s;ed of its trouble. If the child vomit by rea&s;on of the Milk, it refu&s;es the Brea&s;t, and cannot &s;uck, avoiding as it were the ingratefull aliment. If it be the fault of the Stomach, it will exceedingly crave the Brea&s;t, will &s;uck greedily, and will be plea&s;ed with its aliment, but pre&s;ently nature ri&s;es again&s;t it, to di&s;charge it, not becau&s;e the aliment is bad, but through &s;ome fault in the Stomach, which in|cites it to this bad office. If it be abundance of Milk, it is ea&s;ie by ab&s;tinence to moderate the Nur&s;e: If there be a fault in the Milk, I reckon it an errour to amend it by Phy&s;ick or Food, but al|ways chu&s;e rather to change the Nur&s;e for a bet|ter, and that pre&s;ently, than to wa&s;te time need|le&s;sly: If the fault be the Stomach's, you mu&s;t con|&s;ider, 1. Whether any thing ami&s;s be retained in it, which being di&s;turbed by &s;ucking, provokes the faculty to excretion: Which you may know, be|cau&s;e pre&s;ently after &s;ucking of Milk the child is re&s;tle&s;s, and cannot &s;leep, till at &s;everal times all the Milk is di&s;charged; then it falls a&s;leep and is quiet. In which ca&s;e it will be convenient to purge the child's Stomach with &s;ome gentle Medicine, as Honey of Peach-flowers, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which being done, you may boldly both &s;trengthen the Stomach inwardly and outwardly, and &s;top the Vomiting, e&s;pecially if the Stomach appear to be lax, becau&s;e al&s;o the Milk pa&s;&s;es by &s;tool but half changed: But you mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long on the&s;e things; for chil|dren are ea&s;ily troubled with ob&s;tructions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="133">CXXXIII. This mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in giving Me|dicines to &s;trengthen the Stomach, that they may be given in the morning and before dinner; Yet rea&s;on tells us, that they will be far more benefici|al to the Stomach before Supper and near Sleep; for Sleep does help much in all vegetable actions, except evacuation of the Belly.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Inflammatio,</HI> or, An Inflammation.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Generation and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is cured at fir&s;t by making the humours fluid. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not purge in the beginning. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Repellents are hurtfull. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>E&s;pecially in any place near the Emunctories. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Scarifying. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is proper? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be applied to all places. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hard Pla&s;ters mu&s;t not be applied. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an Ery&s;ipelatom and an Oedematous one. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t labour to know an internal one. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;nguents are not very proper. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AS, 1. All the bloud is carried by the Arte|ries from the Heart to all and each of the containing parts of the body, both for their vivifi|cation, nutrition and increa&s;e; and for the &s;epara|tion of all the humours or contents u&s;efull and u&s;e|le&s;s, &s;ome way or other, from the re&s;t of the ma&s;s; So the &s;ame, after this multifarious benefit, multi|fariou&s;ly conferred on both bodies, being re&s;iduous and &s;urviving, but deprived of &s;ome part of it &s;elf, or effoete, is again carried by the Veins from all and each of the &s;ame containing parts to the Heart, there to be renewed by the mutual mixture of va|rious concurring parts, and by their efferve&s;cence and vital rarefaction afterwards. 2. And this reci|procal flux and reflux of the bloud is called now the Circulation of the bloud. 3. But the Bloud is &s;ometimes hindred in its reflux, when it either &s;tag|nates, and &s;tops in its Ve&s;&s;els and Pa&s;&s;ages, or is pou|red out of them, whether it be into the Sub&s;tance of the adjoining parts, or into the Cavities of the body, or whether it happen out of the Body. 4. The Bloud &s;tagnates in its Ve&s;&s;els, either through an exce&s;&s;ive <HI>Plethora</HI> called <HI>ad Va&s;a</HI> or as to the Ve&s;&s;els; or by rea&s;on of their narrowne&s;s, cau&s;ed either by their compre&s;&s;ion or ob&s;truction. 5. The Veins are compre&s;&s;ed &s;o as to hinder the reflux of the Bloud, &s;ometimes by hard tumours adjoining, &s;ometimes by bands about the parts, which &s;traiten both the Veins and Arteries. 6. The Veins are &s;topt &s;ome|times by the Bloud it &s;elf or Phlegm coagulated and concrete in them; &s;ometimes, though rarely, by a Stone bred in them and increa&s;ed by degrees. 7. By Veins I under&s;tand, as mo&s;t do, the caver|nous &s;ub&s;tance of each part, by which the Bloud, for the mo&s;t of it, pa&s;&s;es out of the Arteries into the Veins. 8. The Bloud is coagulated both by the extreme cold of the Air or Water affecting the Parts very much; and by powerfull a&s;tringent or au&s;tere Medicines, communicated to the Bloud ei|ther inwardly or outwardly, and congealing it. 9. Phlegm is coagulated in the &s;aid Ve&s;&s;els by the &s;ame cau&s;es; but mo&s;t frequently by the cold of the Air, Water, Drink or of other things &s;uddenly &s;ei|zing the parts that were hot before either inwardly or outwardly, thickning and curdling the Phlegm, e&s;pecially the vi&s;cid, which has by &s;ome cau&s;e or other been di&s;&s;olved in the &s;mall Gut, and carried thence into the Bloud, and di&s;per&s;ed every way with it. 10. Where note, the more cau&s;es concur, and the more peccant they are, &s;o much more ea&s;ily, quickly and plentifully is the &s;aid Phlegm di&s;&s;olved, and carried to the Bloud. 11. And the Bloud &s;tag|nating in the &s;aid Ve&s;&s;els, and gathered by little and little, di&s;tends them more and more, and &s;o indeed, that &s;ometimes they bur&s;t, or afford a pa&s;&s;age for it &s;ome way or other; upon which there happens then an effu&s;ion of the bloud out of its ve&s;&s;els, whether it &s;tick in the &s;ub&s;tance of the adjacent parts, or be gathered in &s;ome adjoining cavity of the Body, or be all poured out of the body. 12. The Bloud as yet inclo&s;ed and remaining in the capillary ve&s;&s;els, and it may be al&s;o in the &s;inuous &s;ub&s;tance of any part intermediate to them, or poured out of its &s;aid u&s;ual pa&s;&s;ages, but open and patent into the porous &s;ub&s;tance, whatever it is, of the parts them|&s;elves, and e&s;pecially the carnous or membra|nous, or into their inter&s;tices, and gathered in a moderate quantity at lea&s;t, does of it &s;elf pre&s;ently grow hot, and produces a trouble&s;ome &s;en&s;e of Heat in the &s;en&s;ible part, and being by degrees corrupted, it u&s;es to turn into <HI>pus</HI> or <HI>&s;anies.</HI> Where|fore the fir&s;t mutation is called an Inflammation, as the latter is called an Ab&s;ce&s;s or Impo&s;thume. 13. And, I think, the Bloud grows hot, or breeds an Inflammation, ina&s;much as its &s;pirituous, and more volatile and &s;ubtile parts, which u&s;ed to tem|per the acid and &s;aline ones, pre&s;ently begin to vani&s;h, when it &s;tops in its di&s;tinct ve&s;&s;els, or in any other place, that is, &s;tagnates. Upon which both of them being made more &s;harp do fight one with the other, and rai&s;e a hot efferve&s;cence, by rea&s;on of the oily parts of the bloud, and by little and little &s;o corrupt the bloud, that it turns to <HI>pus,</HI> which varies according to the variety of the cor|rupt bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> &para; For the Cure therefore of the In|flammation, and of the Ab&s;ce&s;s that would then follow, it is requi&s;ite, 1. That the Compre&s;&s;ion or Ob&s;truction of the ve&s;&s;els be removed. 2. That the motion of the &s;tagnating or &s;topping bloud be re&s;to|red. 3. That the Bloud poured out of its ve&s;&s;els may, if po&s;&s;ible, be removed thence before its &s;up|puration. 4. If it cannot be removed, and &s;o &s;up|puration cannot be hindred, that it may be matura|ted and promoted. 5. That di&s;charging the <HI>pus;</HI> when bred, may be ha&s;tned. 6. That clean&s;ing and con&s;olidation of the Ulcer may quickly be fini&s;hed. As to the fir&s;t Indication and Ob&s;truction, &s;ee <HI>Tit. de
<PB N="338" REF="175"> Pleuritide, BOOK</HI> XIV. where one thing &s;hould be added concerning Externals, that volatile Salts may be here u&s;ed outwardly with great &s;ucce&s;s, if at the time of u&s;ing they be mixt in a &s;mall quantity with Fomentations, Catapla&s;ms, Unguents, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For the &s;econd Indication, Sudorificks are good, as by their help the bloud is not onely made more fluid, but moreover it is actually put in motion, being more and more rarefied by the volatile Salt that is in Su|dorificks. And Venae&s;ection, ina&s;much as the next bloud comes into the room of that which is let out, and &s;o more room being made for all the bloud, it moves both quicker and &s;tronger; wherefore that which &s;tagnated and &s;topt fir&s;t in the Ve&s;&s;els, now that the <HI>Plethora</HI> is removed, &s;tops no more, but re|news its interrupted motion. For the third Indicati|on, the&s;e things given inwardly hinder the coagu|lation of the bloud, Crabs-eyes, <HI>Antimonium Diapho|reticum,</HI> Mummy, <HI>Sperma Ceti, Galbanum, Sagapenum, Opium,</HI> &amp;c. The Part affected may be anointed with <HI>&V;nguentum Martiatum, de Althaea compo&s;itum,</HI> or any other Aromatick, <HI>May</HI> Butter, and Butter prepared with the Juice of aromatick Plants, adding &s;ometimes a|romatick Oils di&s;tilled; Among Pla&s;ters, this <HI>de Sper|mate Ceti</HI> is highly commended; Take of white Wax four ounces, <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> two ounces, <HI>Galbanum</HI> di&s;|&s;olved in Vinegar one ounce. Mix them. Make a Pla&s;ter or <HI>Sparadrap.</HI> Which not onely pre&s;erves the Bloud in all external parts of the Body, but Milk al&s;o in the Brea&s;ts from Coagulation; yea, it di&s;&s;olves and di&s;cu&s;&s;es it, if but gently coagulated. The fourth Indication is &s;atisfied by emollient and maturating Medicines: But when pituitous and vi|&s;cous Humours are mixt with the Bloud, &s;ometimes the Bulbs of Onions, Squills, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mu&s;t be added to them, &s;ometimes <HI>Bdellium, Galbanum,</HI> Ammoniack, and the like, liquid <HI>Stirax,</HI> Wax, Turpentine and Ho|ney. Where a great Heat is in the inflamed part, and the Patients cannot bear fat things, we mu&s;t carefully avoid all Oils and oily things, and I have always ob&s;erved Butter-milk to be good, in which if a Decoction be made, a Catapla&s;m of it will e|gregiou&s;ly temper the Heat, and hinder an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> from following the Inflammation. For the fifth In|dication, we mu&s;t not procra&s;tinate the getting out of <HI>pus</HI> when it is bred. For the &s;ixth Indication, when way is made for the <HI>pus,</HI> we mu&s;t proceed to clean&s;ing and healing of the Ulcer. For which end I have often &s;een the effect of <HI>Bal&s;amus Salphuris Tere|binthinatus</HI> with admiration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Humours &s;ticking in the Fle&s;h, which are plainly extrava&s;ated, cannot run becau&s;e of their thickne&s;s. Let the Phy&s;ician therefore make them fluid with hot Medicines. Thus an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> thus every Inflammation is ea&s;ily removed in the begin|ning with Spirit of Wine. Yea, if any one ill of a Quin&s;ey, in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e gargle him&s;elf with Spirit of Wine, all the Inflammation of his Throat will cea&s;e in three hours time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The Golden Rule, laid down by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 12. and received by <HI>Galen,</HI> mu&s;t be called to mind in all Inflammations. <HI>Whoever in the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es do endeavour to carry of what is inflamed by Medi|cine, they do not onely get nothing away from the inflamed part, &s;ince a crude Di&s;ea&s;e will not yield; but they do al&s;o con&s;ume and wa&s;te what re&s;i&s;ts the Di&s;ea&s;e and is &s;ound;</HI> and, when the Body is brought low, the Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;tron|ger, which, when it has conquered the Body, has no Remedy.</P>
<P N="4">IV. But I cannot commend common Repellents, &s;o highly extolled by &s;ome in the beginning of an Inflammation; for they are commended onely out of prejudice, and the Cure is far more happily per|formed without them. For though many Patients be cured, to whom in the beginning of an Inflamma|tion Repellents are applied, yet they are not cu|red by that application, but becau&s;e other di&s;cuti|ent and emollient things were joined with them: for it has been often ob&s;erved, that by applying Repellents alone, or in too great a quantity with other things, much harm has been done to Patients, yea, &s;ometimes a Gangrene it &s;elf has been rai&s;ed in the inflamed parts; of which there is no fear, if in our method Repellents be wholly omitted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and the things recommended by us u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Woman was &s;truck on her &s;houlder with a Cane by her Husband, which made the part &s;well: a Catapla&s;m of Bole Armenick, Barly-flower, Vi|negar and the White of an Egg was applied; there followed a Fever, a Pain of the &s;ide, a Cough and Difficulty of Breathing. From which I could gather that the matter had run to the Brea&s;t, becau&s;e of the un&s;ea&s;onable application of repelling and coo|ling things. Whence it is manife&s;t, that <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Aph.</HI> 25. &s;aid right, that it is bad for an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> to turn from the out parts inwards, which holds good al&s;o in Inflammations and other Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, e|&s;pecially in the Emunctories and parts near them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Many of our Phy&s;icians deny that an infla|med part can &s;afely be &s;carified, holding that more bloud runs to the part affected, and therefore think it can doe the Patients no good, which ne|verthele&s;s I think is vain, when the Body is fir&s;t well evacuated. For who can doubt, in all Inflam|mations, or Fluxions of humours, ari&s;ing from ful|ne&s;s, that two evacuations are indicated, the one of the whole called univer&s;al, and the other of the part, upon which the humour falls? In which di|&s;tinction of evacuations in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es as the uni|ver&s;al evacuation of the whole is e&s;pecially nece&s;&s;a|ry, &s;o afterwards the particular of the inflamed part; for the former re&s;pects the Cau&s;e, and this the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf. Yea, it is certain that <HI>Galen</HI> com|mended the u&s;e of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es in them, in whom the humour, by the &s;trong attraction they make, might be abundantly drawn to the part af|fected, and one might &s;u&s;pect the Inflammation or Fluxion might be increa&s;ed thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Alpinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. As to Scarifying, which <HI>Galen, cap.</HI> 95. <HI>artis parvae,</HI> thinks may be u&s;ed, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve diligent|ly whether the matter can be changed into <HI>pus</HI> or no: For if Suppuration may be hoped for, there is no room for Scarification: But if the matter cannot be changed into <HI>pus,</HI> and yet there be no hope of di&s;cu&s;&s;ing it, Scarifications and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es may be applied: for they are an efficacious Remedy to evacuate what is deep within; and which would turn to a <HI>Scirrhus.</HI> Therefore they mu&s;t by no means be u&s;ed in the beginning, but when the body has been evacuated, and the Inflammation is &s;topt, &s;o that there is no fear, that the pain of Scarifying can cau&s;e a new Fluxion. And they mu&s;t be applied then onely, when we have a mind to draw out what remains after the u&s;e of other Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Yet Scarifying is onely proper in tho&s;e pla|ces which can otherwi&s;e bear it; for if an Inflamma|tion ari&s;e in a part, to which Scarifying otherwi&s;e cannot be applied, no man can be &s;o ra&s;h, as to ap|ply Cupping or Scarifying to it, for evacuation of the re&s;t of the matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Tenacious and hard Pla&s;ters are not proper for an Inflammation, becau&s;e they hinder the bloud from pa&s;&s;ing freely to the place, and from turning into <HI>pus. Galen,</HI> 13. <HI>Meth. c. &s;.</HI> &s;hews why hard Pla|&s;ters mu&s;t not be u&s;ed for Inflammations; becau&s;e they draw together the remainder of the Inflamma|tion, and cau&s;e an Inflammation again in the &s;ick part. They weaken the part, becau&s;e they hurt it by their hardne&s;s, and they cau&s;e pain while they are pulled off, by cau&s;ing whereof the humours run thither, and an Inflammation is cau&s;ed again in the part affected. Moreover they draw together the reliques: for they hinder the bloud from go|ing out of the capillary Veins, and if it go not out, it will cau&s;e an Inflammation at another time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. In Ery&s;ipelatous Inflammations, which u&s;ually invade the Limbs, and put both the Phy&s;icians and Chirurgeons to much trouble, I have found no|thing
<PB N="339" REF="175"> better at any time, than the following Reme|dy, which a certain <HI>German</HI> Chirurgeon communica|ted to the Excellent <HI>Spigelius</HI> for a great &s;ecret, as cer|tainly it is; Take of a <HI>Lixivium</HI> of the A&s;hes of Vine branches 1 pound, Nitre one drachm and an half, common Salt 1 drachm, Vinegar of the be&s;t Wine 1 ounce. Make a mixture. Which, after Univer|&s;als taken up in a double <HI>Splenium,</HI> and tied &s;trait to the part affected with Rowlers, does in two or three days at mo&s;t wonderfully di&s;per&s;e and wa&s;te tumours, which even threaten a dangerous Gan|grene.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in his Progno&s;ticks, has &s;et down many &s;igns of an internal Inflammation in the Bel|ly turning to a Suppuration, which it highly con|cerns a Phy&s;ician to know: And this is one of tho&s;e things wherein skilfull Phy&s;icians do e&s;pecially ex|cell the unskilfull: for many die &s;lowly of internal Inflammations, turning to Suppuration, when they have been thought to have been cured of their Di&s;|ea&s;e, and have been di&s;mi&s;&s;ed by their Phy&s;icians. For after <HI>pus</HI> is made, and the Pain and Fever are greatly abated, many are thought to have come to an end of their Di&s;ea&s;e, and to &s;ecurity, who have <HI>pus</HI> gathered inwardly in &s;ome Impo&s;thume. Some of whom by the benefit of a &s;trong Nature are cu|red by breaking of the Impo&s;thume and voiding the <HI>pus:</HI> Others die con&s;umptive, when the <HI>pus</HI> putre|fies malignantly, and with it the internal parts, or of a con&s;tant Fever, which putrid Vapours, carried from the part to the Heart, do cau&s;e: Or the Im|po&s;thume breaks, but too late, and when the &s;trength is too low to bear a di&s;charge of the <HI>pus.</HI> Therefore it behoves us much to know the &s;igns of an internal Inflammation turning to <HI>pus.</HI> And many do not know them, becau&s;e they are not able to di&s;|cern internal Inflammations, and laying a&s;ide all care of latent Ails, they con&s;ider nothing almo&s;t but what they can comprehend by their Sen&s;es, without any ratiocination how to know the parts affected, and to be able to di&s;tingui&s;h them from other dolorous Di&s;ea&s;es, or the great from little ones: For whether they will cau&s;e an Ab&s;ce&s;s or Suppuration, I know from three things, the Place, Magnitude and Manner of the Inflammations them|&s;elves. For Inflammations of hot parts, unle&s;s pre|vented by di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, do &s;uppurate more than tho&s;e of colder parts; and therefore, as it is &s;aid in the Progno&s;ticks, <HI>Swellings in the Belly do impo&s;thumate le&s;s than tho&s;e in the</HI> Hypochondria, <HI>and they lea&s;t of all, that are below the Navel.</HI> Moreover &s;mall Inflammations, mo&s;t of them, are di&s;per&s;ed, e&s;pecially if they be in hot places: Great ones in hot places indeed do &s;uppurate; in cold ones they remain crude and in|vincible. As to the manner, they that are round and eminent, circum&s;cribed in a proper place, and ga|thered into one, &s;ignifie there will be Suppuration: But they that are extended and broad, and di&s;per|&s;ed, do not often &s;uppurate. If they be &s;mall, or of thin matter, they di&s;per&s;e: If great, or of thick matter, they have a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> by bleeding or by &s;ome evacuation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> if the event of them be good.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Unguents are not &s;o proper for Inflammati|ons, unle&s;s to promote Suppuration, wherefore Unguents are forbid in an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> though there be &s;ome, by name <HI>Rondeletius,</HI> who pre&s;cribe Un|guents in this Di&s;ea&s;e. It is certain al&s;o that Oint|ments improvidently applied to external Inflamma|tions, have often cau&s;ed a Gangrene. And there|fore in Quin&s;ies they are not generally &s;o proper as you may find them in Books.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Welelius.</NOTE></P>
<P>(See <HI>Ab&s;ce&s;&s;us,</HI> BOOK I.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>I&s;chiadius Dolor, <HI>or, The</HI> Sciatica.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bleeding is proper. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomiting is better than Purging. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sharp Cly&s;ters are good. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Benefit of I&s;&s;ues and Cau&s;ticks. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where they mu&s;t be applied in a ba&s;tard <HI>Sciatica? V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pertinacious one cured with a red hot Iron. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Ve&s;icatories. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of the <HI>Sciatica</HI> coming from fluid matter, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his mind. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the <HI>Sciatica</HI> coming from f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t matter, according to his mind. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one proceeding from a hot cau&s;e. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it ari&s;es from Bile. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Sciatica</HI> from Drine&s;s. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A compendious Cure of one ari&s;ing from Cold. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THough Bloud do not abound, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterate, Bloud mu&s;t be taken out of the <HI>Vena poplitis</HI> or <HI>malleoli</HI> of the &s;ide affected, with|out all contradiction, becau&s;e by Bleeding in this Vein a great derivation is obtained; but becau&s;e it is very difficult to open the <HI>Vena poplitis,</HI> in&s;tead there|of a certain Vein was found by the Chirurgeons of <HI>Rome,</HI> within the&s;e few days, which a little above the Heel runs towards the Ankle, to the out&s;ide: It is truly a branch of the <HI>Vena poplitis,</HI> if it be ope|ned, and eight or nine ounces of Bloud taken thence, in the very &s;ame hour, which is wonderfull, the Pain of the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> be it never &s;o inveterate, cea&s;es. Blee|ding al&s;o with Leeches in the haemorrhoid Veins is admirable good for the <HI>Sciatica:</HI> for there is a great con&s;ent between the Veins of the&s;e two places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 43.</NOTE> &para; Mr. <HI>Puri</HI> of <HI>Newemburg,</HI> a Man of Sixty, &s;anguine, and, as he him&s;elf &s;aid, one that took a cour&s;e to breed much bloud, had been confined to his bed &s;ix weeks, by the violence of the <HI>Sciatica</HI> in his left Hip. All the time he kept his bed, he thought there was no need of a Phy&s;ician, and therefore he &s;ent not for me. At length, being tired by the diuturnity and violence of the pain, he called me. I pre&s;ently order the mo&s;t turgid Vein of the oppo|&s;ite Foot (and they were all very turgid) to be opened, the Bloud ran full &s;tream, black and thick, to about a pound, with &s;o much relief, that the next day he left his Bed; and the third day after bleeding, his Chamber. I can give a fre&s;her in|&s;tance of the efficacy of bleeding in the <HI>Sciatica;</HI> while this is printing, in the Month of <HI>April, anno</HI> 1681. I am called to a lu&s;ty Man about 28 years old, of a &s;anguine and bilious complexion, well &s;et, and a &s;tout Souldier: He had been confined 15 days to his Bed by a painfull <HI>Sciatica</HI> in his left Hip: About 18 days before, he had by the advice of a Chirurgeon, for revul&s;ion (as he &s;aid) ope|ned a Vein in the Arm, but to no purpo&s;e: I rec|koning the Di&s;ea&s;e came from abundance of bloud &s;ettling there, having fir&s;t loo&s;ned his belly, order a good quantity of bloud to be taken out of the oppo&s;ite foot, and likewi&s;e out of the foot on the &s;ame &s;ide, with &s;o good &s;ucce&s;s, that the next day he went about his bu&s;ine&s;s. Anointing with <HI>&V;nguen|tum dialthaeae,</HI> Nitre and Oil of Elder, which u&s;ed to doe others good, exa&s;perated his pain.</P>
<P N="2">II. Many prefer Vomits before Purges, becau&s;e they evacuate the humours by a way remote from the part affected. <HI>Rondeletius</HI> prefers <HI>A&s;arum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Sci|atica</HI> Pains will not bear purging; for thereby the humours fall more on tho&s;e places. &para; But <HI>Senner|tus</HI> thinks this mu&s;t be under&s;tood of in&s;ufficient purging.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3"><PB N="340" REF="176">III. Sharp Cly&s;ters may be given, even to bring bloud; for &s;o I have &s;een them doe &s;ome good in the <HI>Sciatica.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. I&s;&s;ues are made in three places in the Leg, in the in&s;ide, out&s;ide, and hind part of the Calf. Here <HI>Spigelius</HI> u&s;ed to make an I&s;&s;ue in the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Clandorpi|ti. Zecchius.</NOTE> becau&s;e the <HI>Vena Poplitis</HI> runs that way. &para; I mu&s;t greatly commend a Cautery below the Knee, on the out&s;ide of the &s;ame &s;ide that is affect|ed, for derivation &s;ake.</P>
<P N="5">V. In the Joint of the Thigh, about the cavity of the <HI>Os I&s;chii,</HI> the Gout is bred, which they call the <HI>Sciatica.</HI> If the Humour run into the Acetable, and force the head of the thigh-bone out; this Di|&s;ea&s;e, in &s;ight, proves difficult of cure, and will, at length, cau&s;e halting; if the Humour fall upon the origination of that great Nerve, which creeps a|long the back part of the Leg, a ba&s;tard <HI>Sciatica</HI> is cau&s;ed, in which a &s;harp pain reaches, not onely to the Hips, but to the Thigh, the Calf of the Leg, and to the very Foot; that is, whenever the Nerve derived from the Hip affected does reach, as <HI>Ferne|lius</HI> &s;ays; and therefore Pyroticks mu&s;t be applied to the bending of the Buttocks, and an Epi&s;pa&s;tick Pla&s;ter mu&s;t be applied there al&s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">olanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>N.</HI> falling into a pain of his Hip, and having tried every thing to ea&s;e him of his torment, deter|mined to proceed to red-hot Irons, as the la&s;t reme|dy of this inveterate Di&s;ea&s;e. The couragious young Man gave the Chirurgeon leave, not onely to burn the Skin of his Hip, but to run the Iron through the fle&s;h to the very bone: Endeavouring this way to get out the matter, lying under the <HI>Perio&s;teum.</HI> The Patient bore this red-hot Iron with an excellent re&s;olution of mind; and this cruel Medicine cured him of his Ail, by the continual run|ning of the profound Ulcer, which was kept &s;o long open, till all the matter was evacuated, and there was no fear of a relap&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>N.</HI> A very fat Man, being taken with the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> neglecting Univer&s;als, ordered him&s;elf to be bled in the Foot: And the pains of his <HI>Sciatica</HI> increa&s;ing, made him &s;u&s;pect, that the young Chi|rurgeon had mi&s;taken the vein. Wherefore the Pa|tient hoping to amend the mi&s;take, and for a mitiga|tion of his pain, called an elder Chirurgeon, who let him bloud in a branch of the vein that was open|ed before: And his pains increa&s;ing again, he took the advice of a Phy&s;ician, who having given him di|vers things in vain, a&s;cribed the Di&s;ea&s;e to Witch|craft. By my advice, the Chirurgeon &s;pread three ounces of <HI>Empla&s;trum ve&s;icatorium Hor&s;tii,</HI> on a large piece of Leather; after twelve hours he clipt the Bli&s;ter with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers, and when a pound of yellow liquour had run out, he applied a Cabbage-leaf anointed with fre&s;h Butter; And this was the fir&s;t time he could lie on his back and &s;leep, after he had been four Months without &s;leep. When the Sore was healed, I pre&s;cribed him 1 drachm of <HI>Extractum E&s;ulae Rulandi</HI> in Wormwood-wine, upon taking of which, the Patient voided much <HI>Serum</HI> and Bile. To draw out the relicks of the humour from the place which was tolerably pained, at la&s;t, <HI>Empla&s;trum I&s;chiadicum Noribergen&s;ium</HI> was applied; and when after three days it was removed, a Ve&s;icatory, the Patient not minding, was applied in its room, which having drawn a great quantity of vi&s;cid li|quour, did mitigate the pain &s;o much, that the Pa|tient, when the Ulceration of his Hip was cured, could, between his Wife and a Stick, walk from Table to Table gently. And by continuing the u&s;e of <HI>Petrolaeum</HI> for three months, the contumacious pain wholly vani&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. In the proce&s;s, and when the Body is per|fectly purged, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, with much flame, mu&s;t be applied to the Hip, according to <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us;</HI> for <HI>Galen, l.</HI> 10. <HI>de loc. c.</HI> 2. has ob&s;erved, that they manife&s;tly doe good for &s;etled Humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Although, upon account of the place affect|ed, every pain in the <HI>I&s;chion,</HI> may be called the Hip Di&s;ea&s;e, or <HI>Sciatica;</HI> yet that properly de&s;erves the name of which <HI>Hippocrates, l. de affect. v.</HI> 25. treats, <HI>The Hip Di&s;ea&s;e is, when pain &s;eizes the joint of the Hip,</HI> &amp;c. That is, wherein the Pain is violent in the joint of the Hip, at the top of the Buttocks, and at the mu&s;culous eminence under the Buttocks; and when the Di&s;ea&s;e is confirmed, it reaches to the lower part of the Hip, and along the Leg to the very foot. He &s;ays, this Di&s;ea&s;e grows, when Bile and Phlegm falls by a &s;anguifluous Vein, and congeals the bloud therein, and renders it morbid: whence it comes to pa&s;s, that the pain infe&s;ts more parts, and far di&s;tant one from another; becau&s;e, where|ever that morbid bloud &s;ettles, there it cau&s;es pain. So <HI>Hippocrates</HI> advi&s;es to u&s;e remedies, which, by &s;oft|ning, may di&s;&s;olve and thin the concrete bloud. Whence it appears, how much they are mi&s;taken, who refer the exten&s;ion of the Pain to the Nerves, which are branched that way by the Spinal Mar|row. I know this opinion to be very true, by what I have ob&s;erved in a certain Man that was &s;ick of this Di&s;ea&s;e, in whom, while he was affected with the violence of the pain (which came by cer|tain paroxy&s;ms) all the veins di&s;&s;eminated along the out-&s;ide of the Hip and Leg, &s;welled in a won|derfull manner, and when the pain abated, they fell immediately, and there appeared no &s;ign of them. The Cure laid down by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> is proper for this &s;ort of <HI>Sciatica.</HI> For by &s;oftning and heating he di&s;|&s;olves the bloud congealed by the efflux of Bile and Phlegm; and at the &s;ame time a&s;&s;wages pain: He loo&s;ens the Belly with Cly&s;ters, and at one and the &s;ame time he di&s;&s;olves the bloud &s;ettled about the region of the Hip, and by degrees derives the ante|cedent matter by the Belly. When the pain is a&s;|&s;waged, he gives a Purging Medicine, to carry off the Bile and Phlegm that cau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e: Which he dur&s;t not doe before, left the matter being agi|tated and di&s;turbed by the Medicine, &s;hould be|cau&s;e of the violence of the pain, run more to the part affected, than would be evacuated. Then he gives A&s;&s;es Milk, by means whereof the habit of the body may be tempered, and the Humours may be made more gentle. He gives it boiled, that the fluxibility of the Humours may al&s;o be taken away. Our people give a decoction of <HI>Guajacum,</HI> or &s;omething like it, which may thin and &s;harpen the Humours, and render them fitter for motion, not onely in this, but in all other Gouts. Then, upon the account of the Pain, he gives Medicines, who&s;e Nature, it is not well known what it is: It is like|ly they con&s;i&s;ted of various things, partly of Diu|reticks, partly of Strengthners, and chiefly of &s;tu|pefying and incra&s;&s;ating things, which were called <HI>Medicines for pain;</HI> analogous, to which are Trea|cle, Mithridate, <HI>Philonium, Pilul. de Cynoglo&s;s.</HI> &amp;c. the heat and drine&s;s whereof I correct by diet. The cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;o exactly performed by the&s;e things, that I reckon all other Medicines needle&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> comm. in e|um locum.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. If one &s;hould u&s;e the fore&s;aid cure for all <HI>Sciatica's,</HI> it would not an&s;wer the end; for a dif|ferent cure is proper for a <HI>Sciatica</HI> cau&s;ed by a fixt matter, from that which is proper for one, when the pain runs hither and thither. For as the principal intention in the fixt <HI>Sciatica,</HI> is, that the matter may be di&s;&s;olved and got from the joint; &s;o in the other, the principal intention is, to evacuate the Humours which run to the part, and to check their motion. And <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> con&s;idering all the&s;e things, in&s;i&s;ts on a far different cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>lib. de affect. intern.</HI> from what he u&s;es here. For there he gives the &s;harpe&s;t Cly&s;ters; here he gives emollient ones: There he orders the Joint to be frequently &s;tirred, which is not nece&s;&s;ary when the matter is not fixt: And he orders burning upon the Joint, which has no place in the ca&s;e preceding, except when the Pain fixes pertinaciou&s;ly in &s;ome one place: Nor does he reckon it always nece&s;&s;ary upon
<PB N="341" REF="176"> the joint, but where the pain fixes, and it flies &s;ome|times in one place, &s;ometimes in another. And he burns with raw Flax and <HI>Fungi:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ibid.</NOTE> Concerning which, &s;ee <HI>Book XIX. Tit. de Cauteriis.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> was tormented with a cruel, and almo&s;t incurable pain of the <HI>Sciatica</HI> in his right Hip. Di|vers and very violent Purges were given him, Bli|&s;ters were drawn, Opiates given, a Vein opened in the Foot, but all in vain; &s;uppo&s;ing the pain aro&s;e from a cold cau&s;e, and thick phlegmatick humours. But ob&s;erving that his Stools were very cholerick, and that there was a pul&s;atil pain and inflammati|on in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> I altered my method of cure, be|took my &s;elf to coolers, and advi&s;ed drinking of the Waters; hereupon the cure went on with great &s;uc|ce&s;s, &s;o that in two days the inflammation was gone, though the pain was not quite abated. And when I ob&s;erved the pain was vagrant, that it &s;ometimes cau&s;ed a &s;traitne&s;s about the Me&s;entery, and &s;ome|times fell from the Hip into the Leg, I &s;uppo&s;ed the Di&s;ea&s;e came from abundance of thick and hot bloud, which trying to get out, and not being a|ble to doe it, creates &s;o great trouble; therefore I advi&s;ed (and the rather, becau&s;e I under&s;tood, that he had formerly been &s;ubject to the Piles) the applying of Leeches. My advice was follow|ed; five Leeches were &s;et to the haemorrhoid veins; which, when they were full of bloud, being be|&s;prinkled with Salt and A&s;hes, they di&s;charged a|bout &s;ix ounces of bloud. The bloud looked red and very thick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Thone|tus.</NOTE> void of all <HI>Serum.</HI> After this, the great pain, invincible by other things, vani&s;hed.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The <HI>Sciatica</HI> is &s;ometimes bred of Bile and hot Humours, which indeed may be known, when the Pain is very &s;harp, and pricking, and the fits are &s;harper every other day: the party is lean, of a cholerick con&s;titution, young, the Countrey and &s;ea|&s;on hot, the pain is exa&s;perated by hot things, and bilious di&s;ea&s;es have preceded: Then Medicines mu&s;t be directed for Bile and a hot intemperature. Therefore then there will be convenient Phleboto|my, Purges for Choler, &s;ometimes gentle, &s;ome|times &s;trong, adding Diagrydiates, that the morbi|fick matter may be carried off; cooling Juleps, emollient and cooling Cly&s;ters, Milk, Bathing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Always taking care to avoid aperients: Incra&s;&s;aters &s;hould rather be cho&s;en,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &s;uch as are propo&s;ed in a hot and thin Catarrh; Narcoticks, <HI>Laudanum,</HI> gi|ven both at the Mouth, and in Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de affect.</HI> mentions a <HI>Sciatica</HI> from the drine&s;s of the Joint. By Drine&s;s, do not under&s;tand a dry intemperature of the &s;olid parts, con&s;tituent of the Joint it &s;elf; but a con&s;umption of its glutinous humidity, whereby it is naturally nouri&s;hed, and made &s;upple for better motion; If it happen that this humidity be dried up by any cau&s;e, then the motion is hindred with pain. <HI>Hip|pocrates, l.</HI> 3. <HI>aph.</HI> 16. tells us, that &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es come in dry con&s;titutions. He that will cure the&s;e Di|&s;ea&s;es, every external and preceding cau&s;e being removed, let him endeavour the re&s;titution of the natural humidity: let him pre&s;cribe a Diet actual|ly and potentially cooling; a Bath of Water, with Sheep's Head and Feet, Mallow, Mar&s;hmallow, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boiled in it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius Di|ver&s;us.</NOTE> walking gently, and emollient Oint|ments. Let all &s;orts of evacuation be avoided.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A Porter, in violent cold weather, &s;tood with his Legs in Water, for &s;everal hours; upon which, a violent pain reaching from his Hip down his Thigh and Leg, took him, &s;o that he could not go. After a Cly&s;ter had been given him, he was bled in the Arm on the &s;ame &s;ide; the next day he took a &s;trong Purge; for three days following he took every morning of <HI>Spiritus Theriacalis</HI> 8 drops in <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> which Sweat him vio|lently, and his pain was taken away.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aegineta,</NOTE> The Herb <HI>Sciatica</HI> Cre&s;&s;es perfectly cures this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">2. One was afflicted with an intolerable <HI>Sciatica,</HI> he applied Nettles boiled in Beer for a Cata|pla&s;m,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fornanus.</NOTE> and he was rid of his pain to a mira|cle.</P>
<P N="3">3. I have not found a better Medicine, than a Pla&s;ter of Pitch and Brim&s;tone. &para; Rub the place with Juice of Onion, then &s;trow on it Powder of Pepper and Nitre, and tie on a Sponge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> wet in a Decoction of Cumin and Calamint in Wine.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is experienced; Whip the place with a Nettle till it be red, and wa&s;h it with Spirit of Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">erus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort drunk for forty days, cures the <HI>Sciatica</HI> admirably; and if two drachms of its &s;eed be drunk, it Purges the Belly, and cures the Pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marquardus</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. Root of Reed brui&s;ed and applied to the pained place, is admirable good, as al&s;o A&s;hes of Reed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. Cowes Dung, made hot, and applied, does much good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vatignana.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>I&s;churia,</HI> or, Stoppage of &V;rine.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In a legitimate one, which is be&s;t to u&s;e, a Catheter, Section, or, an E&s;charotick? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One ari&s;ing from an Inflammation of the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> does not admit of a Catheter. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Giving of Cly&s;ters &s;ometimes cures it. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Catheter mu&s;t be dextrou&s;ly put in. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is hurtfull, where the Bladder is inflamed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is inflamed, we mu&s;t u&s;e coolers and repellents &s;paring|ly. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one coming from a Tumour of the Bladder, cau&s;ed by a Catarrh. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by pricking the Bladder. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Narcotick proved mortal. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the putting in of a Silver Wire with Cotton Wool, be to be approved of? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks are hurtfull. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a large Catheter goes in more ea&s;ily than a le&s;s. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by making Inci&s;ion in the neck of the Bladder. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one coming from a Caruncle in the <HI>Urethra. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From a Stone &s;ticking in the end of the <HI>Penis. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a de&s;perate one the Cure of <HI>Cantharides</HI> is &s;afe. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by large Bloud-letting. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of a Wax Candle, to get out &V;rine. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it is &s;topt through &s;ome fault in the bloud, the Or|gans being unhurt. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The removing of a little Stone, which &s;tops the mouth of the Bladder. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Stone got into the Orifice of the &V;reter may be removed? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of Volatile Salts in a ba&s;tard I&s;chury. <HI>XXII.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF a &s;toppage of Urine can be removed by no &s;afe Remedy, but &s;ee it be proper, that is, that the &s;toppage be not made above the Blad|der, there ari&s;es a Que&s;tion, Whether a Catheter mu&s;t be forcibly put in, or the place mu&s;t be cut as for the Stone, or an E&s;charotick Medicine mu&s;t be applied, and then a hole made? For always, in deplorable ca&s;es, any way, though not &s;afe, if there be any hopes in it, may better be tried, than the Patient be certainly &s;uffered to die. From a
<PB N="342" REF="177"> Catheter being forced in, Pains, Ulcers and Inflam|mations u&s;e to ari&s;e: An E&s;charotick Medicine works &s;lower than the occa&s;ion requires: Cutting is uncertain, Therefore it is of great moment, that the Lithotomi&s;t be skilfull, and the body clean, and it mu&s;t be con&s;idered how full of bloud he is, and regard mu&s;t be had to every exce&s;s, yet I &s;aw a Ca|runcle perforated with a Catheter in <HI>N.</HI> and good &s;ucce&s;s of it, although much bloud and corruption came from it. But if there be a <HI>Callus,</HI> Secti|on is quicke&s;t, in unskilfull Arti&s;ts an E&s;charotick is &s;afe&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cardanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. One was much wounded in the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> and an Inflammation aro&s;e in the wound, he could not make water; but his bladder &s;eemed manife&s;tly to be full and &s;tretched; and le&s;t the Inflammation &s;hould be irritated, I would not u&s;e a Bra&s;s Pipe, but I thought it &s;ufficient to pour warm water on it, and to anoint it with Oil; and when we had treated him &s;o for three hours, the Swelling being not a little relaxed, and the Pain not tormenting him &s;o grievou&s;ly, I bid him try to make water, in the mean time while we forced, and pre&s;&s;ed the Swelling of the Bladder downwards, the young Man made water. And in people that are &s;o ta|ken,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Galenus 6.</HI> de loc. aff.</NOTE> the cau&s;e of the &s;toppage of Urine is ea&s;ily di&s;|cerned though in others it be not &s;o ea&s;ily di&s;cerned.</P>
<P N="3">III. The Urine is al&s;o &s;topt, when there are hard Excrements in the Guts; for the neck of the Bladder is pre&s;&s;ed thereby, which being pre&s;&s;ed, the Urine &s;tops: And therefore, after a Stool, the Urine comes, when the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum</HI> is free. One &s;ixty years old, when the pa&s;&s;age of Urine had been &s;topt three days, and he could make no water, was relieved by a Bath, and after that a Cly&s;ter: for when the Excrements were &s;oftened and voided, the Urine came. And &s;o he was ea&s;ed in a few hours, who had been grievou&s;ly troubled with a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine for three whole days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodonaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. In &s;toppage of Urine, a Catheter, not dex|trou&s;ly put in, cau&s;es mo&s;t grievous Symptoms, In|flammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. a Moini|chen. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 17.</NOTE> Convul&s;ion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> By an errour herein I have known &s;ometimes a Suppuration ari&s;e in the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> which has at length degenerated into a Gangrene, not curable by Art.</P>
<P N="5">V. When Urine is &s;topt by an Inflammation of the Bladder, the putting in a Catheter is not without danger; for when it is torn, the Inflam|mation increa&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> and when this cea&s;es, an incorrigi|ble incontinence of Urine follows.</P>
<P N="6">VI. When there is a violent Inflammation of the Bladder, which &s;tops the Urine, we mu&s;t not u&s;e very cooling and repelling things; but before it is &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hearnius.</NOTE> we mu&s;t u&s;e Repellents for a little time.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A Man of Seventy, after he had rid &s;ome Miles on a trotting Hor&s;e, fell into a &s;toppage of Urine, in which he voided his Urine with difficul|ty, and drop by drop. When I was called, I ob|&s;erved a ten&s;ion and hardne&s;s in the region of the Bladder, with pain, which was felt onely by pre&s;+&s;ing it: Be&s;ides, the Patient had pains in his Brea&s;t, Back and Shoulders, &s;o that he could &s;carce &s;tir him&s;elf: The &s;ea&s;on was Rainy, and the Wind Sou|therly. Therefore I gue&s;&s;ed all this came from a Catarrh, and that the Humour fell upon the body of the Bladder, and there cau&s;ed a certain Tumour, by which the Sphincter of the Bladder was com|pre&s;&s;ed, and the pa&s;&s;age thereof &s;traitned. There|fore for diver&s;ion and evacuation of the fluent Hu+mour, I pre&s;cribed a purgative and temperate A|pozeme for three days: I drew a Bli&s;ter behind in the Neck, and applied an emollient and di&s;&s;olving Fomentation to the region of the Bladder, with a liniment of the &s;ame virtue. By the u&s;e of the A+pozeme his Urine came better every day, &s;o that in three days he made it more freely, and in greater quantity: Afterwards a <HI>Bolus</HI> was given o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Turpentine and Liquorice powder for three days: A fomentation was applied, an emollient and a more di&s;&s;olving Cly&s;ter was given; A Catapla&s;m was applied of the re&s;idence of the Decoction, with Flower of Beans and Faenugreek, Oil of Dill and Chamaemil, and he was cured with the&s;e things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. One in a &s;toppage of Urine had his Blad|der &s;wollen very much; and when no other reme|dies whatever would doe good, a Chirurgeon of <HI>Paris</HI> thru&s;t a Lancet into the very Bladder, through the mid&s;t of the Pyramidal Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> which they call <HI>Fallopiani:</HI> But this mu&s;t never be done, unle&s;s the Bladder &s;well, &s;ince otherwi&s;e in adult per&s;ons it ri&s;es not above the <HI>Os pubis.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. A young Man, healthy in all other re&s;pects, at fir&s;t made abundance of troubled Urine for two or three days, and then fell into a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of it for five whole days. All Medicines were tried, when Galenical ones would not doe. Thus, when the poor wretch was very much tormented, the un|skilfull Phy&s;ician thought he &s;hould doe him a great kindne&s;s, if he could procure &s;leep by &s;tupefying things. And he did it effectually; for immedi|ately upon taking one drachm of <HI>Philonium Romanum,</HI> he fell a&s;leep, and never awaked any more.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rumlerus, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 58. Vel&s;chius.</NOTE> &para; For Narcoticks increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, bring a Pal&s;ie on the Bladder, and fill the Brain with Vapours.</P>
<P N="10">X. Some tye Cotton-wooll to a Silver-wire (which mu&s;t exactly fill the hollow of the Pipe) and put it into the hollow of the Catheter, and force it with the Pipe into the Bladder. When the Pipe is got into the Bladder, they draw the Cotton-wool tied to the Wire, out of the Pipe, and &s;o draw out the Urine, as by a <HI>Siphon.</HI> But a Cotton is not nece&s;&s;a|ry, becau&s;e the Urine comes freely by a Spring with holes in the &s;ides; Nor a Wire, becau&s;e for the fore&s;aid rea&s;on it does more harm than good: for while they draw the Wire out of the Pipe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> they often draw out the Pipe too, which will be a greater trouble to get in again.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t have a great care, at that time, when Urine is grievou&s;ly &s;topt, that &s;uch things be not taken, as Phy&s;icians give to &s;top Urine: Which, becau&s;e they are hot and &s;harp, and &s;ever the &s;e|rous bloud from the gro&s;s, do carry much matter to the Bladder. Wherefore they u&s;e to put &s;uch in mortal and grievous hazard, who, when they have a weak expul&s;ive faculty, u&s;e to &s;olicite it by all means they call Diuretick. And, as grievous and capital an offence as this is, Phy&s;icians com|monly commit it in &s;toppage of Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander:</NOTE> by u&s;ing Diureticks, to move and expell Urine.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A Man of Four&s;core was taken with a &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of Urine, upon his two much drinking of new Wine, and in two months he died: When his body was opened, a great <HI>Scirrhus</HI> was found in his Bladder before the neck. But this was ob&s;ervable in him, that though a Catheter were got in with great difficulty; yet I could more ea&s;ily get into the Bladder with a thick one, which was almo&s;t as thick as a Swan's quill, than with a &s;mall one. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e when the Urinary Duct about the neck of the Bladder, yea, and the <HI>Sphincter</HI> it &s;elf was &s;welled by rea&s;on of the <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> a coarctation and &s;traitne&s;s of the Urinary Duct in the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity follow. Therefore it is con&s;enta|neous to rea&s;on, that a little &s;mall Catheter could not dilate this narrowne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> which a thicker could ea&s;ily doe.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Sometimes we can neither prevail by Me|dicines nor Catheters, &s;o as to be able to get out the Urine, which has &s;topt many days, becau&s;e of &s;ome fault in the Urinary Duct, the Man continual|ly ha&s;ting to his end. Why therefore &s;hould you think it hard, by a dextrous inci&s;ion, to make a &s;mall hole, where they cut for the Stone. <HI>Arcula|nus comm. ad Rhazen. c.</HI> 103. laid down this cure. Which thing, in the extremity of the Patient, and in ca&s;es, when other remedies will doe no good,
<PB N="343" REF="177"> I would advi&s;e you not to reject,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> nor &s;peak ill of.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Cardan. com.</HI> 43. <HI>aph. &s;ect.</HI> 7. te&s;tifies, he &s;aw a ca&s;e &s;ucceed very well, when a Caruncle in a certain Man was perforated with a Catheter, though much bloud and corruption ran out of it. And I experienced the &s;ame in a Barber, who had been two days ill of a &s;toppage of Urine: For while I thru&s;t a Catheter again&s;t the renitent Ca|runcle, fir&s;t a little bloud came, and then abun|dance of Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and he finds him&s;elf well to this very day.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A Boy eight years old was ill of the Small Pox; he complained of a &s;toppage of Urine: We were puzzled what &s;hould be the cau&s;e: We &s;aw the Small pox on the end of the <HI>Penis,</HI> and we thought there might be &s;ome within: We gave inwardly things to provoke Urine; We were then hindred from Bathing and Fomentations by the Small Pox.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Winclerus,</HI> Mi&s;c. cur. ann. <HI>74.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>36.</HI></NOTE> When we could doe nothing, I look on the <HI>Penis;;</HI> I &s;aw &s;omething white in the O|rifice; I took it for a Small pock full of <HI>Pus:</HI> I take a Needle, I find it hard, I move it, and when moved, I get it out, it proved a Stone, and the Urine came. It had been forced thither by ex|pelling Emul&s;ions, that are u&s;ed to be given in the Small pox, which are al&s;o D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uretick.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. An Infu&s;ion of <HI>Cantharides</HI> is a remedy for a &s;toppage of Urine, the happy &s;ucce&s;s whereof I have &s;everal times experienced. Let a &s;cruple of <HI>Cantharides</HI> in powder be infu&s;ed in three or four ounces of Rheni&s;h-wine, or of Spirit of wine for &s;ome days;<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 82. <HI>Ep.</HI> 54. <HI>cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> then let it be filtred through a brown Paper, that nothing of the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Can|tharides</HI> may be mixt with it. Let one Spoonfull of this liquour thus &s;trained be mixt with other &s;e|ven &s;poonfulls of Wine or Beer. And, of this mix|ture let one Spoonfull be given the fir&s;t day, two the next, and &s;o on.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>N.</HI> A Nobleman, Sixty years old, &s;anguine, of an athletick habit, when he travelled in the heat of Summer, quenched his thir&s;t, contracted from the Heat, with abundance of drink. Four days after he came home, he fell into a perfect I&s;|chury, which was variou&s;ly oppo&s;ed by an old Phy|&s;ician, yea, a Catheter was put into his Bladder. I was called, I asked him, whether he felt any pain in his Loins or <HI>Pubes,</HI> or if he had been troubled with the Stone in the Kidneys? He &s;aid No. Hence I gathered, the I&s;chury proceeded from no fault in the Kidneys, or Bladder; but rather from an ob&s;truction of the Emulgents, which a mul|titude of Humours had cau&s;ed, by rea&s;on whereof, the Ve&s;&s;els being too full and di&s;tended, could not contract them&s;elves for expul&s;ion; Which appears in the Bladder, di&s;tended beyond mea&s;ure, by too long keeping the Urine, which &s;ometimes very dif|ficultly voids the Urine, through want of contracti|on. I in&s;i&s;ting on this opinion, propo&s;ed Phlebo|tomy to be celebrated with a liberal hand, to take away the plenitude of the Ve&s;&s;els: And one pound of bloud was taken away. Scarce an hour was o|ver, when the Patient perceived the Urine run by the Ureters from the Kidneys to the Bladder, and he foretold he would make &s;ome quickly: A little after he called for a Pot, and when he had filled that,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> more were brought; &s;o that in an hours time he made &s;everal pounds of water. Thus he was perfectly cured, and would not take a Hydra|gogue, which was pre&s;cribed him the next morn|ing.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. For &s;uch as by long holding their water, or drunkenne&s;s, cannot make water, though they &s;trive to doe it, I have found out an ea&s;ie way, and have practi&s;ed it &s;everal times with great &s;ucce&s;s, by putting a Wax Candle, &s;uch as Shoomakers u&s;e, through the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> into the cavity of the Bladder, if it be fir&s;t made blunt at the end, and anointed with Oil. I u&s;e this in&s;tead of a Catheter, which, becau&s;e it cannot be thru&s;t, into Males e&s;pecially, but with much difficulty, or pain, in imitation of it I have tried this Candle, and have ob&s;erved the &s;uc|ce&s;s to be excellent. Which Artifice is &s;o much more to be valued, becau&s;e this is always in readine&s;s; and &s;uch a Candle may be u&s;ed by any one; where|as a Catheter cannot be put in but by a skilfull hand,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le B &euml;.</NOTE> and then indeed with trouble.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. I think &s;ometime the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine may be owing to the bloud for its cau&s;e, that is, when this is &s;o affected, and &s;o confu&s;ed and mixt, as to its various parts, that the <HI>Serum</HI> cannot be &s;e|parated in the Kidneys. Which perhaps falls out oftner, than the Caruncles of the Kidneys are in|di&s;po&s;ed, e&s;pecially when no fault is ob&s;erved in the Kidneys, though they be mo&s;t found fault with. And certainly, that the bloud may be &s;o affected it &s;elf, that the &s;erous parts, which mini&s;ter matter to Urine, are &s;o intimately mixt with the re&s;t, that they cannot ea&s;ily be parted, many things &s;eem to per&s;wade me, whether a Man con&s;ider the Sym|ptoms, then urgent, or weigh well the method of cure by volatile Salts. For, to &s;ay &s;omething of volatile Salt alone, and not without good rea&s;on, becau&s;e of the manifold experience I have of its virtues; it is certain, that it has the faculty of di&s;|&s;olving any vi&s;cid humour, from which the vitious connexion of the Fluid parts, as well as the Solid, has u&s;ually its ri&s;e: Now when the vi&s;cid humour is di&s;&s;olved, the parts of the bloud may more ea&s;i|ly &s;eparate, when they are not &s;o intimately con|joined one to another. But, if any one think, if the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, which is &s;o often mortal, mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to a vi&s;cid humour in the bloud, which hinders the &s;eparation of its parts, that then the ob&s;truction of the Caruncles in the Kidneys, whatever it is, may not inconveniently be derived from the &s;ame vi&s;cidity, hindring the &s;ecretion, or tran&s;colation of Urine, and cau&s;ing a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of it, I &s;hall not contend with them, but do rather think, that both cau&s;es &s;hould be joined, and often are joined; &s;o that by the vi&s;cidity of any humour in the bloud, both the re&s;t of the parts of the bloud may be intimately tied one to another, and &s;o be made le&s;s fit for their &s;eparation, and the pores of the Caruncles may be ob&s;tructed, and &s;o the tran&s;|colation, &s;ecretion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and excretion of Urine may be aboli&s;hed.</P>
<P N="20">XX. I have often removed &s;mall &s;tones, got into the mouth of the Bladder, by putting in a Wax Candle, the way I mentioned before, <HI>Section</HI> XVIII.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;o I have cured the &s;toppage of Urine.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. When there is &s;u&s;picion that a Stone &s;ticks in either Ureter, unle&s;s by turning the body, the head downwards, and then by &s;haking of the bo|dy, the Stone be got back from the Orifice of the Ureter, this di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be held for de&s;perate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Oftentimes the cau&s;e of the &s;toppage of Urine is thought to be in the Kidneys them|&s;elves, ina&s;much as the Natural con&s;titution of the Kidneys, and of the Caruncles in them, what|ever it is, and the di&s;po&s;ition requi&s;ite for &s;eparati|on of the Urinous <HI>Serum</HI> from the re&s;t of the bloud is &s;poiled, &s;o that the &s;ecretion cea&s;es. Here we mu&s;t make ha&s;te to cure it, while there is &s;ome hope. This Di&s;ea&s;e may be cured chiefly by taking Diure|ticks, e&s;pecially volatile Salt of Amber, and other Aromatick volatile Salts: By means whereof &s;o grievous, and often &s;o mortal a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, wherein the &s;ick are &s;ick at the heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> is not onely cured, but prevented.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="344" REF="178">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Syrup of Cry&s;tal is admirable in this ca&s;e, which is made thus; Take of prepared Cry&s;tal a &s;ufficient quantity; di&s;&s;olve it in juice of Lemons. Boil the Solution with Sugar into the form of a Syrup.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bikkerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. This emul&s;ion is excellent; Take of Seeds of Purple Violet half an ounce; with a &s;ufficient quantity of Speedwell-water, make an Emul&s;i|on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Fried Pellitory of the Wall applied,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jac. Sylvius.</NOTE> is an ef|fectual Remedy.</P>
<P N="4">4. Root of Knotgra&s;s drank with Water is ve|ry good; as al&s;o the Seeds and Leaves of Tr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|foil boiled in Water and drank. I have often ex|perienced the Powder of the Jaw-bone of a Sou|&s;ed Pike.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Let two or three heads of Garlick be boiled in White-wine; add a little Treacle and Mithri|date. Give an ounce and an half in drink: It pre&s;ently provokes Urine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Villanova|nus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="10" TYPE="book">
<PB N="345" REF="178">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK X. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> L.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lepra</HI> Arabum, or, The Lepro&s;ie of the <HI>Arabians.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When Bleeding is proper? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Purges &s;hould be? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Hidroticks and Diaphoreticks be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Vipers fle&s;h be good? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Mineral Waters be proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Gelding. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Contracted by long taking of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> cured with cooling things. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;&s;es Fle&s;h cures it. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by eating Cucumbers. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;ometimes de&s;i&s;t from Medicines. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Salivation. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE Lepro&s;ie mu&s;t be cured a far different way from what it was of old. For when it is di&s;tingui&s;hed from what ante|cedent matter it proceeds, and how long it has la&s;ted, whether it be beginning or inveterate, Remedies mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on according to the diver&s;ity of the humour which cau&s;ed it. One beginning, in which the &s;igns as yet appear but ob&s;curely, in whom no Exulceration, nor any Swelling appears, and a|bout the Face e&s;pecially, will be cured by Blee|ding fir&s;t, then by taking an Electuary made of cooling and lenient things; it will be cured al|&s;o by frequent u&s;e of Baths hot and cold. But that which has manife&s;t &s;igns, as where Exulceration of the No&s;trils, and fle&s;hy Tubercles appear, when the Bloud comes out at the No&s;e, mu&s;t be no more cu|red as one beginning: For in this, Bloud mu&s;t not be let in the greater Veins, le&s;t the Bloud, that is as yet laudable, contained in them (which we ought to pre&s;erve with the greate&s;t care) &s;hould be let out: becau&s;e it is a curb to all the Humours, by its temper tempering all the re&s;t, and redu|cing them to moderation. Wherefore &s;ince there is but a little bloud in a Lepro&s;ie, it ought to be &s;a|ved by all means po&s;&s;ible.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Such Medicines mu&s;t be u&s;ed for Purging, as particularly purge the peccant humour. Such there|fore are not &s;ufficient as purge any humour indiffe|rently, as Antimony chymically prepared, which by vellicating or rather ulcerating the Stomach, evacuates what humours it finds. If this be given, it mu&s;t be at fir&s;t, before other Medicines, to dimi|ni&s;h the abundance of Excrements. The Do&s;e may be three, four, or five grains, according to the Pa|tient's &s;trength, with half an ounce of Sugar of Ro|&s;es; and this mu&s;t be taken, when the Stomach is full of meat, and the Body (according to <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> his rule in taking Hellebore) well &s;tirred before. Afterwards a Syrup may be taken which may cor|rect the errour of the Antimony, and may purge the humour particularly, made of Borage, Cichory, Endive, <HI>Scariola,</HI> Lettuce, Violets, Lentils, Po|lypody, <HI>Carthamum, Senna,</HI> Dodder of Time, which mu&s;t be u&s;ed for &s;everal days, that the antecedent matter may be carried off by continual and fre|quent purging, and may be averted from the fle&s;h and habit of the body by the inner parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Our Practitioners are much to be blamed, who having fir&s;t given gentle Purges, do by &s;udori|fick Medicines and by opening and inciding Syrups, &s;end the matter to the Skin, whenas the Di&s;ea&s;e is in that part; for this is to carry the excrements to the part affected, and to increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e; it is better therefore to derive the matter by the In|wards. This is a Di&s;ea&s;e of the outer parts, of the Skin e&s;pecially; In &s;uch ca&s;es let the excrements
<PB N="346" REF="179"> of the body be retracted, and be purged by the belly: let them be expelled from the external parts to the internal by bathing in cold water: for &s;ince it is a Di&s;ea&s;e in the Skin and the Fle&s;h, the excre|ments mu&s;t be kept away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Palmarius</HI> upon <HI>Fernelius</HI> his authority and his own experience di&s;approves of Vipers; becau&s;e he gave them to leprous per&s;ons, without any benefi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. &para; <HI>Poterius</HI> &s;ays h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> has u&s;ed Vipers in Lepro&s;ies, without any benefit, though taken a long time. He &s;ays indeed, an old Itch has been cured by ta|king them for a long time.</P>
<P N="5">V. Many &s;end their Patients pre&s;ently to the na|tural mineral Waters, but becau&s;e they dry much, much harm often ari&s;es from them, e&s;pecially in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, while heat and dri|ne&s;s are prevalent; and a Bath of cold water is more proper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. It is proper to hinder ex&s;iccation, becau&s;e the e&s;&s;ence of it con&s;i&s;ts in drine&s;s. The bloud is &s;e|rous and &s;alt, and therefore cannot be a&s;&s;imilated to the parts nor nouri&s;h: for the end of nutrition is a&s;&s;imilition. Therefore Women, Children and Eunuchs are &s;eldom troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e; for they are moi&s;ter, and &s;o better re&s;i&s;t drine&s;s. <HI>Aetius</HI> &s;ays many have rid them&s;elves of this Di&s;ea&s;e by being gelded. By this means I cured a young Man this year, who was begun and gon a little in this Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. A red-haired young Man and cholerick came to me, with his skin torn into deep clefts all over his body. All my life time I never &s;aw a Man more leprous: He had taken &s;even cour&s;es of a decocti|on of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> forty days at one cour&s;e; upon which he fell into a perfect Lepro&s;ie. He having a very hot Liver naturally, which was turned almo&s;t to a&s;hes with &s;o many hot Potions, I pre&s;cribe him the u&s;e of Mountain Cry&s;tal prepared, to take half a drachm every morning with Juice of leaves of Wa|ter-lily, Currants and Barberies (indu&s;triou&s;ly avoi|ding Sugar and &s;ugared things) drinking after it &s;ome Whey, with a little <HI>Sal prunellae.</HI> Then I laid him on a &s;traw bed, deep under a Mill, to receive upon his body the dropping of the very cold wa|ter, not heated either by motion, or the heat of the Sun. And when he had done this for an hour and an half before Supper &s;everal days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab Heer, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 22.</NOTE> he grew &s;ound and very well.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Mr. <HI>Schipanus,</HI> a Phy&s;ician of <HI>Naples,</HI> told me that Prince <HI>Caraffa</HI> u&s;ed to eat the fle&s;h of the Foal of an A&s;s for the Cure of the Lepro&s;ie. Some think A&s;&s;es fle&s;h cau&s;es it, as <HI>Ballonius, l.</HI> 2. <HI>Ephem. p.</HI> 187. This indeed is hard of concoction; but the Fle&s;h of the Foals is better and more tender, which therefore <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de v. rat.</HI> &s;ays does quickly pa&s;s: And it may be for that rea&s;on it cures the Lepro&s;ie; or by its tenacious aliment it amends the fault contracted:<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus, <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 33. <HI>cent.</HI> 6.</NOTE> for, according to <HI>Pliny, l.</HI> 18. <HI>c.</HI> 17. A&s;&s;es fle&s;h is good for con&s;umptive per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="9">IX. One that was troubled with this took &s;everal Medicines to no purpo&s;e; he took white Helle|bore. At length he recovered by taking Cucum|bers:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> He ate them pickled all the year round.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Lepro&s;ie, above all other chronical Di&s;ea|&s;es, requires variety and vici&s;&s;itude of Medicine: And in this Di&s;ea&s;e, if in any, a truce and intermi&s;&s;ion from all Medicines mu&s;t often be allowed the Pati|ent. Then the &s;ame things mu&s;t be repeated, and new ones added. For &s;carce ever any Man reco|vered, who relied on one onely Remedy, though never &s;o generous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Palmarius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. In the year 1675. in the month of <HI>September,</HI> an <HI>Italian</HI> by Nation was &s;u&s;pected of a Lepro&s;ie. Abundance of Scurf fell all over him, he was hoar&s;e, had a &s;tinking Breath, and was very lean. He had taken a va&s;t deal of Medicines; at length Salivati|on was pre&s;cribed him, but a Diet fir&s;t of <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Sar&s;a:</HI> And in a &s;hort time he perfectly recovered, though the Di&s;ea&s;e had got a head.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lepra</HI> Groecorum, or, The Lepro&s;ie of the <HI>Greeks.</HI> (See <HI>Habitus Affectus,</HI> BOOK <HI>VIII.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Onely the great Remedies are proper. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Bloud mu&s;t be &s;weetned. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Waters coming from Iron effectual. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom a decoction of Woods may be given? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chalybeate Medicines alone not efficacious enough. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Salivation doe any good? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come upon a Drop&s;ie, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of eating of Cucumber. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging Waters are good. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vitriolate Waters are good. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;ort of Medicines made of Vipers are good? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an Itch that accompanies the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topical Medicines alone doe no good. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;ulphureous Baths be proper? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Liniments mu&s;t be applied by degrees. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e made of Mercury &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE material cau&s;e of the Scab, or of the Lepro&s;ie of the <HI>Greeks</HI> is not merely a cutaneous humour, becau&s;e of Infection taken from without, or becau&s;e it is depraved and dege|nerated from its <HI>cra&s;is</HI> upon other occa&s;ions: but the Pu&s;tules at fir&s;t ari&s;ing about the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eem to ari&s;e from hence, that &s;ome acido|&s;aline Concretions (like Tartar in Wine) do hap|pen in the ma&s;s of bloud, which when they can|not be conquered nor di&s;&s;olved, are driven here to the Skin, as in the other ca&s;e to the &s;ides of the Cask. In re&s;pect of the conjunct Cau&s;e there are two &s;pecial Indications of Cure, namely, that the Impurities of the bowels and humours may be quickly purged, and that the acido-&s;aline Dy&s;cra|&s;ies of the bloud may be regulated: for which ends Medicines both evacuating of divers kinds, and altering, u&s;e to be pre&s;cribed. Yet becau&s;e not all, but onely the great Remedies in a manner are u&s;ed, we &s;hall therefore &s;ubjoin in this place, tho&s;e that are mo&s;t u&s;efull, and are found to be mo&s;t bene|ficial. Fir&s;t therefore, when univer&s;al Purgation and Phlebotomy have been u&s;ed, the following Infu&s;ion or cathartick Tincture may be given, &s;ix or eight ounces whereof may be given and repea|ted once in &s;ix or &s;even days; Take of root of &s;harp pointed Dock dried, Polypody of the Oak, each half an ounce; <HI>Senna</HI> ten drachms, Dodder of Time &s;ix drachms, Rheubarb, Mechoachan, each half an ounce; yellow Sanders 2 drachms, Cel|tick Spike half a drachm, Salt of Tartar 1 drachm and an half. Put them into a Gla&s;s with 4 pounds of White-wine; keep them for u&s;e; pouring off as much of the clear liquour as you &s;hall have oc|ca&s;ion for. You mu&s;t add two pounds of Elder-flow|er water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. For &s;weetning of the Bloud, and wa&s;hing its Salts, Whey either &s;imple, or with fumitory, Ci|chory, or &s;harp-pointed Dock infu&s;ed in it, may be drunk, two or three pounds of it every morning, for twenty or thirty days, if it agree with the Sto|mach. And be&s;ides, a Do&s;e of the following Elec|tuary may be taken morning and evening; Take of Con&s;erve of root of &s;harp-pointed Dock 6 ounces, Crabs-eyes, prepared Coral, each 2 drachms; Ivo|ry 1 drachm, Powder of <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> yellow San|ders, each one drachm and an half; <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> two drachms, Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> one drachm and an half, Syrup of Juice of Wood-&s;orrel what is &s;ufficient. Make an Electuary. The Do&s;e two ounces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. For the very &s;ame rea&s;on that Whey, Iron-waters al&s;o are pre&s;cribed in this Di&s;ea&s;e, and they
<PB N="347" REF="179"> often doe good: for when all other Medicines have been given to no purpo&s;e, I have often cured a grievous Scab, which has almo&s;t been leprous, one|ly with the&s;e Waters. Moreover, for the more efficacy, <HI>Sal prunellae,</HI> or <HI>Vitriolum Martis,</HI> or a little of the fore&s;aid Electuary may be given conveni|ently.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. In &s;ome that have too much <HI>Serum,</HI> and are of a watry con&s;titution, when drinking of Whey or the Waters are not &s;o proper, it may &s;ometimes be convenient to give a Decoction of the Woods at medical hours; and moreover, to take them con|&s;tantly for their ordinary drink; Take of Wood of Willow half a pound, root of <HI>Sar&s;a parilla</HI> 8 ounces, white Sanders, Wood of Ma&s;tich-tree, each 2 oun|ces; &s;navings of Ivory, of Hart's-horn, each five drachms; Tin, crude Antimony, each four ounces tied in a Cloth; Liquorice one ounce. Infu&s;e them and boil them in &s;ixteen pounds of Spring-water half away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Keep the Colature for u&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">V. Chalybeate Medicines, becau&s;e they are rec|koned among the more efficacious Remedies, mu&s;t &s;eldom be omitted in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, though they are not often given with much &s;ucce&s;s: for mo&s;t Preparations of Steel, in which the &s;ulphureous Particles prevail; ina&s;much as they ferment the Bloud and put it into critical efferve&s;cencies, do ra|ther increa&s;e than dimini&s;h the impetiginous erup|tions; neverthele&s;s, the Salt, Syrup, Tincture and vitriolick Infu&s;ions, as they fix the Bloud, and check a little the efferations of the Salts, do &s;uit well enough the Intention now propo&s;ed; but tho&s;e that are not &s;o &s;trong can doe little good a|gain&s;t &s;o <HI>Herculean</HI> a Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Wherefore when the&s;e and mo&s;t other Re|medies will doe no good, many commend Salivati|on as the &s;toute&s;t Champion, and the onely one a|ble to cope with &s;o &s;tout an Enemy; But the e|vent does not always an&s;wer expectation: for I do confe&s;s, I u&s;ed this Remedy for four per&s;ons who were troubled with a grievous Itch, which was ob&s;tinate to all other Remedies, without any bene|fit. One of them by anointing with Quick&s;ilver, and the other by Pills of Solar Precipitate bore plentifull Salivation for about twenty days, in which time all the Scurf and Wheals vani&s;hed; neverthe|le&s;s, to confirm the Cure, a diuretick Drink of a decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> and often Sweating, and conve|nient Purging between whiles, was continued for a month: And yet for all this, when this cour&s;e was at an end, and when no &s;igns of any Itch ap|peared, within another month, the Di&s;ea&s;e began to bud out again anew, and in a &s;hort time grew to its wonted maturity. Moreover, when one of the&s;e had repeated this Medicine, and another af|ter two Relap&s;es had a mind to try it a third time, both of them, after they had undergone &s;o much, de&s;paired of any Cure. Whence it is evident, that the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, though it be extremely ma|lignant, and cau&s;e mo&s;t foul, cacoethick Ulcers, that eat the Fle&s;h and Bones, may more ea&s;ily and cer|tainly be cured than the Itch. Wherefore not un|de&s;ervedly did the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;icians of old reckon this Di&s;ea&s;e, when confirmed, and brought near to a Lepro&s;ie, to be very difficultly, if at all, curable.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. And an event no whit better attends this Di&s;ea&s;e, when it comes upon an inveterate Scurvy; perhaps indeed the Intentions of cure may be more certainly gathered, when the Scurvy is the <HI>ba&s;is</HI> or root of this Di&s;ea&s;e, to wit, to take the primary therapeutick Indication from thence, and in&s;i&s;t chief|ly on anti&s;pa&s;modick Medicines. But even of this &s;ort tho&s;e that are &s;harp and hot, as Scurvy-gra&s;s, Water-cre&s;&s;es, Hor&s;eradi&s;h, Pepperwort and o|ther things that incite the Bloud too much, as they di&s;&s;olve the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of it more, and force the coagula|ting Tartar in more abundance to the Skin, they are always found to doe more harm than good. And for this very rea&s;on the u&s;e of Baths, or Bathing in hot waters, which evacuates by abundance of Sweat the Humours of the whole body, and clean|&s;es the Pores of the Skin, though it may &s;eem very good in this Di&s;ea&s;e, yet it is &s;o far from relieving, that the Breaking out is u&s;ually increa&s;ed and exa|&s;perated thereby: For I have known &s;everal who, not being very itchy, have gon to <HI>Bathe,</HI> and there bathed in the hot water, and have returned from thence quite leprous. Wherefore whenever this Di&s;ea&s;e is a &s;upervening Symptome of the Scurvy, let all &s;harp and ela&s;tick things be avoided, and onely the more temperate ones be given, endued with a nitrous, or vitriolick, or a volatile Salt. The nitrous Salt is predominant in <HI>Cry&s;tallum minerale,</HI> &s;ome Juices of Herbs or Decoctions, and in &s;ome pur|ging waters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Cucumber is endued with a nitrous virtue, and by experience is found good again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e, wherefore in&s;tead of Sallet it may be eaten plentifully and often. Moreover, let three or four of them be cut into Slices, and be infu&s;ed in four pounds of Spring-water clo&s;e for a night; to the clear liquour poured off add of <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> two or three drachms. The Do&s;e half a pound three times or oftner in a day. For the &s;ame purpo&s;e al|&s;o Decoctions of the leaves and fruit, made in &s;pring water, are proper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Some cathartick mineral waters, e&s;pecially <HI>North-hall</HI> waters, if you make an <HI>Analy&s;is</HI> of them by evaporation, do manife&s;tly &s;hew the nitrous Salt wherewith they are impregnated. And I have &s;e|veral times found, that the con&s;tant drinking of a|bout four pounds of them every day for a pretty while together, has done good in a &s;light Itch.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. But Waters impregnated with a vitriolick Salt, &s;uch as the <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters, do far excell the&s;e nitrous ones and any other Medicines, and doe far more good in curing the Itch. To &s;uch as have not an opportunity to take them I give common water, impregnated with our Steel, and &s;o exactly re&s;em|bling <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters, for this Di&s;ea&s;e, and with good &s;ucce&s;s. Becau&s;e of their mineral Salts or at lea&s;t &s;ome Mercurial Particles in them, Tin and Antimo|ny are in Vogue for curing the Itch, and &s;everal u&s;e to pre&s;cribe them with other Medicines. Ra|&s;pings of Tin and Powder of crude Antimony may be infu&s;ed in Beer for the ordinary Drink, and they may be put into a Decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> and the Woods, for this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The Viper and its Preparations do &s;ufficient|ly &s;et out the excellent virtue of a volatile Salt in curing the Itch, yea the Lepro&s;ie it &s;elf. <HI>Galen</HI> re|ports, that this Medicine for this Di&s;ea&s;e was found out by a ca&s;ual experiment. Hither al&s;o may be re|ferred the analogy taken from the nature of the creature, whence it is gathered, that it does good in this Di&s;ea&s;e; for &s;ince the Viper every year ca&s;ts its &s;caly &s;lough, therefore any one might think that its parts would be good to ca&s;t off the cru&s;ty skin in the Lepro&s;ie. But not to attribute much to &s;uch things, &s;ince it is apparent from frequent ob&s;ervati|on that viperine Medicines are good in the Itch and Lepro&s;ie, the rea&s;on of the Cure mu&s;t be a&s;cri|bed to the volatile Salt, with which this Animal a|bounds: For the Particles hereof do de&s;troy the fixt and acid Salts, which are prevalent in the di&s;ea|&s;ed, and di&s;&s;olve their Combinations. Notwith|&s;tanding, the Salt, Spirit and Oil chymically extrac|ted from Vipers, by rea&s;on of the empyreumatick and exceeding ela&s;tick Particles which the Fire pro|duces, are not at all proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e; as nei|ther the Spirit nor volatile Salt of Hart's-horn, Soot, Bloud, and the like Ammoniack Spirits, be|cau&s;e by exagitating the bloud and humours, above mea&s;ure, they cau&s;e their <HI>Cra&s;es</HI> to be more di&s;&s;ol|ved, and drive the corruption more to the Skin. Wherefore the &s;impler Preparations of Vipers, as a Decoction of their Fle&s;h in water, Drink impreg|nated
<PB N="348" REF="180"> with their Infu&s;ion or Decoction, their dried Powders and Electuaries made of them, may be ad|vantageou&s;ly pre&s;cribed again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e. More|over, not onely the Fle&s;h of Vipers, but of other &s;orts of oviperous Snakes, boiled and eaten for food, often doe abundance of good.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The Itch, or &s;curfie eruptions of Wheals in bunches, is &s;o frequent and familiar a Symptome of the Pox that the fir&s;t thing I ask &s;uch as are ill of this Di&s;ea&s;e is, Whether they be not con&s;cious of &s;ome latent malignity? And if I find it &s;o, I let a|lone all Specificks for this Di&s;ea&s;e, and Anti&s;corbu|ticks, and immediately proceed to a Decoction of the Woods, which if it doe no good, I proceed to Mercurial Medicines. And indeed by this method I have with ea&s;e and &s;peed cured &s;everal, who were reckoned impetiginous and leprous, after they had been long treated to no purpo&s;e with remedies appro|priate to the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and mi&s;erably tormented.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. The &s;econd curatory Indication, re&s;pecting the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, and the primary Symptome, to wit, the &s;curfie Eruptions and Wheals, pre&s;cribes topical Remedies to be applied to the external Skin, for the Cure of the&s;e Ails: For which end Baths and Liniments e&s;pecially are good; which yet, un|le&s;s the procatarctick Cau&s;e, <HI>i. e.</HI> the tartareous di&s;|po&s;ition of the Bloud be fir&s;t purged out, doe &s;el|dom, if ever, any good of them&s;elves. Among all which, Baths or Liniments made of Tar are by far the be&s;t; &s;o that indeed they onely &s;hould be u&s;ed, but that they &s;mell &s;o &s;trong. Therefore it is u&s;ual, for Baths to u&s;e water kept in Tar-barrels for a while,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and impregnated with the Infu&s;ion.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Sulphureous Baths, both natural and artifi|cial are not proper: for that the former often doe harm, frequent experience te&s;tifies: yea, all Ba|thing whatever mu&s;t be u&s;ed with much caution; for ina&s;much as this admini&s;tration &s;tirs and heats the bloud, it is in danger (as I &s;aid before) to di&s;&s;olve its <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> farther, and to force the corruption more to the Skin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Liniments, who&s;e u&s;e is &s;afe and proper, are of three kinds or degrees, gentle, moderate, and &s;trong. 1. In a &s;light Itch, where the Erupti|ons and Wheals are few and &s;mall, fa&s;ting Spittle is commended, al&s;o the liquour that &s;weats out of green Wood, when it burns, al&s;o bare rubbing with Dock roots brui&s;ed and &s;teeped in Vinegar; Take of Oil of Tartar <HI>per deliquium,</HI> Oil of Nuts or of bitter Almonds, each equal parts. Make a Lini|ment. U&s;e it twice a day. The &s;econd &s;ort of Li|niments u&s;e to have Tar in them; Take of Oint|ment of Ro&s;es &s;ix ounces, Tar two ounces. Melt them together and mix them. Take a piece of fat Mutton, lard it with pieces of the root of &s;harp-pointed Dock, ro&s;t it on a Spit. Ba&s;te it with Tar continually dropping upon it. The dripping of both mu&s;t be &s;aved for an excellent Ointment for the Itch. The mo&s;t effectual Liniments again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e are Mercurial ones, which are made of Quick&s;ilver or Precipitate. A Receipt for the fir&s;t is this; Take of Quick&s;ilver killed with an Acid one ounce and an half, new Hogs-lard &s;ix ounces. Incorporate them well in a &s;tone Mortar or a gla&s;s one. For the other; Take of white Precipitate three drachms, Ointment of Ro&s;es three ounces. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Anoint the parts mo&s;t affected.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The u&s;e of the&s;e in this Di&s;ea&s;e ought to be much &s;u&s;pected; for if Salivation &s;hould be rai|&s;ed, a va&s;t quantity of matter impacted in the pores of the Skin would be moved, which if it &s;hould fall too much at once on the &s;alival ducts, and &s;hould gather about the Throat, it would endanger choa|king.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lethargus,</HI> or, A Lethargy.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud-letting be convenient? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening of the Jugulars proper. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We need not be timorous in Purging. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge diver&s;ly. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit be better than a Purge? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When &s;neezing Medicines are good? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of drawing Bli&s;ters on the Head. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fumes are hurtfull. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cau&s;e is not always conceived in the Brain. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the concomitant Fever mu&s;t be extingui&s;hed or no? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When an I&s;&s;ue is good. <HI>XI.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>GAlen,</HI> 13. <HI>Meth.</HI> 21. approves of Bleeding; and mo&s;t men follow him: for &s;o a proper re|vul&s;ion of the Humour is made, that it flow not to the Brain, which being affected with heat and pain, is ea&s;ily &s;u&s;ceptive of the fluxion and draws, where|by the Inflammation of a Noble Part is prevented.</P>
<P N="2">II. I think the jugular Vein &s;hould rather be ope|ned than one in the Arm, becau&s;e by this means the bloud being much gathered in the <HI>Sinus</HI> of the Head, and it may be &s;tagnating, will more ea&s;ily be redu|ced to an equable Circulation.</P>
<P N="3">III. Though a continual Fever accompany this Di&s;ea&s;e, yet the Phy&s;ician need not be over tardy or timorous, when matter tending to the Head is very urgent. For it is more advi&s;able to evacuate it, when it is in motion, than when it is fixt in the Head, and &s;ettled there: And the danger per|mits a man to try &s;omething. And if it happen that the Lethargy come upon a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> the Humours which produced the Di&s;ea&s;e running to the Head, and if the precedent Fever abate, then we need not much regard the whole or the Fever, but we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the Head, and prepare the matter &s;ettled there.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Before you pitch upon purging Medicines, con&s;ider whether the a&s;cent of the Humours to the Head come rather from Bile carrying the Phlegm, than from the abundance of Phlegm it &s;elf: for if the fir&s;t, although the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eem phlegmatick, you mu&s;t purge with Colagogues, for exclu&s;ion of the Bile, which carries Phlegm to the Brain. <HI>Oriba|&s;ius</HI> &s;aies, that nothing is &s;o good for purging of Phlegm, which Bile mixt with it has carried to the Head, as Scammony given with Ca&s;tor. If you find Phlegm predominant, as in mo&s;t &s;purious Fevers, and when a Lethargy begins, you mu&s;t doe the bu|&s;ine&s;s with Phlegmagogues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Here we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether we mu&s;t purge or vomit in the beginning. I know this is variou&s;ly controverted among Authours; and I have known it practi&s;ed with various &s;ucce&s;s, which things con|&s;idered and compared o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> with another, I will briefly give you my opinion. If the Lethargy come from Su<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;eiting or Drunkenne&s;s, or from ta|king incongruo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> things and Narcoticks, a Vomit mu&s;t be given pre&s;ently: Wherefore let Salt of Vi|triol be given with Wine and <HI>Oxymel</HI> of Squills; or in &s;trong per&s;ons an Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metallorum</HI> or <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> with black Cherry water; and af|terwards, if it work not of it &s;elf, Vomit mu&s;t be provoked by putting a Feather down his Throat. But if the Lethargy come upon a Fever or other cephalick Di&s;ea&s;es; or if it be cau&s;ed primarily, or by it &s;elf by &s;ome predi&s;po&s;ition laid in the Bloud and Brain before, Vomits and Purges given at the beginning, while the matter is in flux, of|ten u&s;e to doe more harm than good: Ina&s;much as, when the Humours are in motion, they di&s;turb them, and when they cannot be brought under and carried off, they drive them more into the part affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6"><PB N="349" REF="180">VI. If the Di&s;ea&s;e continue, and the Patient can hardly be awaked, the u&s;e of Sternutations is very proper; yet we mu&s;t not per&s;i&s;t continually in them, le&s;t they thin and move the Humours too much. At the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e e&s;pecially, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them. They are bad al&s;o when the Fe|ver is high. They may be u&s;ed when the Lethargy begins of it &s;elf, or when it takes one lying in bed, and in the declen&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. I have known the mo&s;t good from a Bli&s;ter, above all other Applications, when it has run well all over the Head. I &s;aw two Lethargick per&s;ons cured chiefly by this Remedy, after the Di&s;ea&s;e had conti|nued a long time, and had not onely de&s;troyed the memory, but much impared the under&s;tanding: For becau&s;e the excoriated places in both of them would not ea&s;ily heal, they ran a great deal of thin Ichor, namely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> every day about half a pound.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Fumes which &s;ome u&s;e to rai&s;e the lethar|gick, are not proper in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e they fill the Brain much: It is better to make a Decoction of Pennyroyal, Rue, Mother of Time, Hy&s;&s;op, wild Majoran, boiled in Vinegar, adding a little Ca&s;tor, and to receive the Steam of it at the No|&s;trils.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. The Ancients held the Cau&s;e to be Phlegm gathered in the Head, which by its Moi&s;ture and Cold cau&s;ed the Stupefaction, and by its putredinal heat waking; But this is impo&s;&s;ible. The Cau&s;e is rather a narcotick Vapour, elevated in the conco|mitant Fevers, whether a quotidian, continual, ba&s;tard-tertian or &s;emi-tertian. Or if it came with|out a Fever, it is phlegmatick Bloud, that cau&s;es the Inflammation: For, as <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> ob&s;erves, there is often &s;uch an Inflammation as turns to a Gangrene. And &s;o the Cau&s;e of the Lethargy is twofold. <HI>Hip|pocrates, l. de Morb. &s;ect.</HI> 3. places the &s;eat of the Le|thargy in the Lungs, and he judges that it does not much differ from a Peripneumony, affirming that the Cau&s;e of a Peripneumony is bilious bloud; of a Lethargy pituitous.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Ancients u&s;ed &s;trong and hot Preparatives as well as Purgatives, &s;o that it appears, they lit|tle regarded the concomitant Fever; and it was on this ground, becau&s;e they thought the Fever was onely &s;ymptomatick, and followed the Putrefacti|on of Phlegm in the Brain, which being removed, the Fever cea&s;es. But &s;eeing the Fever is not onely &s;ymptomatick, but narcotick Vapours a&s;cend from the febrile matter into the Head, and the Heat puts the Phlegm in the Head into fu&s;ion; or Phlegm runs out of the whole Body into the Head, the Fe|ver ought not to be neglected: And according as it is more inten&s;e or remi&s;s, &s;o Medicines, which are otherwi&s;e good in a <HI>Carus,</HI> mu&s;t be &s;o tempered becau&s;e of the Fever, that the danger, which other|wi&s;e is imminent, be not doubled, when the Fever is increa&s;ed with &s;uch Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Becau&s;e of the cruel nature of this Di&s;ea&s;e I propound a new &s;ort of Remedy, <HI>i. e.</HI> an I&s;&s;ue or Seton in the Neck; in tho&s;e Lethargies, that is, which are of long continuance, or come by Fits, becau&s;e &s;uch are the Forerunners either of an Apo|plexy or an Epilep&s;ie. Therefore in a <HI>Carus</HI> or <HI>Cata|lep&s;is,</HI> I reckon an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm a good Remedy, both for Prevention and Cure: But in a Lethargy, becau&s;e it is an Inflammation, and &s;hort Di&s;ea&s;e, certainly it can doe little good; as neither in &s;uch comatous Di&s;ea&s;es as have a concomitant Fever, or are cau&s;ed by Sympathy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Savory often infu&s;ed in Vinegar, and applied to the Head, or drunk with Wine, rai&s;es the mo&s;t Lethargick per&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Altomari.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Give Spirit of Citron, and it will afford pre|&s;ent Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Ca&s;tor in the Cure of a Lethargy is preferred above mo&s;t other Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. A Squill &s;ometimes alone, or Mu&s;tard brui&s;ed with Vinegar, laid in manner of a Catapla&s;m to the Hips, is able to rai&s;e any Man from a dead &s;leep.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trallianus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. One ordered a Hog to be hung by the Heels before the Patient, who hearing the continual noi&s;e and crying of the Hog that hung by him, was &s;o terrified, that he could not &s;leep.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Villanora|nus.</NOTE> &para; Another or|dered the Patient's Head to be &s;haven, and to be anointed with Honey, and the Flies &s;o troubled him, that he was not able to &s;leep: And &s;o he was cured.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lienis Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding in the left or in the right Vein be more pro|per? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether opening of the Haemorrhoids be beneficial? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening of the Veins upon the Region of the Liver. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues, Setons and Bli&s;ters, whether they may be properly made there? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of a Vomit. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging u&s;ele&s;s. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters &s;ometimes doe good. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It requires &s;trong Medicines. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Diureticks. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hidroticks are good. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It needs A&s;tringents and Strengthners. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Exerci&s;e is good. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what form Topicks are mo&s;t effectual? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is inflamed, we mu&s;t repell with caution. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Purging is good? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Cure of an inflamed Spleen differs from the Cure of an inflamed Liver, according to the Laws of Circulation? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Inflammation is a&s;&s;waged, we mu&s;t proceed in the u&s;e of Remedies. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Crocus</HI> Martis <HI>aperitivus</HI> is hurtfull to the Stomach. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents mu&s;t be mixt with Aperients. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues in the Leg are good. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A great Spleen not morbid. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It does not &s;well with Melancholy, but with Wind. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es good in a hard one. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be opened in a <HI>Scirrhus? XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In &s;cirrhous Tumours Cock-broth ineffectual. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Swelling of the left <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> a&s;cribed to the Spleen did ari&s;e from the <HI>Colon. XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether cutting out of the Spleen be po&s;&s;ible? <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a &s;cirrhous Spleen may be cloven? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is di&s;placed, it deceives under divers forms. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the &V;nguents for a hardned one ought to be? <HI>XXX.</HI> Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN an Inflammation and other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, which a gathering or preternatu|ral motion of Bloud to that place does cau&s;e, Bloud-letting is therefore pre&s;cribed, that the a|bundance of Bloud gathered in the Spleen may be dimini&s;hed, and that what &s;till runs to the &s;ame part may be retracted to the oppo&s;ite parts, and as far di&s;tant as may be: For &s;o a Cure is u&s;ed for the &s;aid Di&s;ea&s;es, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his rule, by Contraries. But this Contrariety, whether you evacuate, or e&s;pecially if you make revul&s;ion of the bloud, which runs in abundance to &s;ome part, mu&s;t not be reckoned by the rectitude, as they talk, or rather (to &s;peak more properly and truly) by the continuity of the fibres of the ve&s;&s;els common to tho&s;e parts: This is the <GAP DESC="foreign"> of <HI>Hippocrates;</HI> for revul&s;ion can &s;carce be made by an ab&s;olutely &s;treight way, becau&s;e the Bloud mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity pa&s;s through the windings and turnings of the ve&s;&s;els. The rec|titude
<PB N="350" REF="181"> therefore, or continuity of fibres, and commu|nity of Ve&s;&s;els mu&s;t be regarded: for without the community of Ve&s;&s;els, it cannot be &s;aid that there is a rectitude, or continuity of fibres. Yet I cannot but admire how &s;o many excellent Phy&s;icians, from <HI>Hippocrates</HI> to this very age, could think they under|&s;tood, in what manner revul&s;ion was made from the Spleen by bleeding in the left Arm, &s;ince the recti|tude, that is required, cannot at all be found here, the Liver hindring that, in which the capillary branches of the <HI>vena porta,</HI> and the <HI>vena cava</HI> are won|derfully implicated, and are connected by their &s;mall ends, or do mediately communicate. Whoe|ver con&s;iders this accurately, will ea&s;ily di&s;cern, ac|cording to <HI>Galen</HI>'s <HI>hypothe&s;is,</HI> who will have the bloud carried from the Liver, by the Veins, into all the parts of the body, that revul&s;ion is not better made by bleeding in the left Arm, than in the right: For, according to this <HI>hypothe&s;is,</HI> revul&s;ion cannot be made of the bloud from the Spleen, unle&s;s as it is drawn from the Liver. But bloud is ea&s;ilier drawn from the Liver by Venae&s;ection in the right Arm, than in the left: for <HI>Galen</HI> and his followers pre&s;cribe it. From the&s;e things it manife&s;tly follows, that the&s;e great Men either ineptly rejected the Circulation of the bloud, or ineptly pre&s;cribed bleeding in the left Arm, for making revul&s;ion from the Spleen. If a Circulation of the bloud be admitted, it is ea&s;ie to demon&s;trate, that bleeding in the left Arm is the mo&s;t commodious for evacuating of the Spleen, when it is di&s;tended with two much bloud, or for revul&s;ion from it, when the bloud runs over-much to it. For when this is opened, it is the &s;ame thing as if the Artery were cut, whence the opened vein receives its bloud; for the bloud is the &s;ame, and comes from the &s;ame fountain. And who knows not that the fibres of the Arteries are continued from the Splenick Artery by the <HI>Aorta</HI> to the Arte|ry of the left Arm. The rectitude therefore, or continuity of fibres is ob&s;erved, in the &s;aid Venae|&s;ection, admitting the <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> that the bloud is di|&s;tributed by the Arteries to all the parts of the bo|dy. And therefore bleeding in the left Arm is pro|per,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayle, <HI>Probl. Med.</HI> 8.</NOTE> either to evacuate the Spleen, or to make re|vul&s;ion of the Bloud, when it runs too abundantly to the Spleen.</P>
<P N="2">II. Leeches applied to the end of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum re|ctum</HI> are reckoned to empty the Spleen of its fecu|lent bloud, the cau&s;e of ob&s;tructions, with great &s;ucce&s;s; and it is believed there is no way more commodious for it. But Spleniticks have no rea|&s;on to weigh Anchor upon a credulous Gale of this perplexed hope: Nothing can be communicated from the Spleen to the Seat by any Veins, Experi|ence refutes it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. He does not much ami&s;s, who &s;ometimes opens the black Veins upon the Spleen, becau&s;e it has been known, that a long and contumacious Di&s;ea&s;e has been often cured thereby: But if ought di&s;&s;wade you from bleeding in the&s;e Veins, you may &s;et Leeches or Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with &s;carification to them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Some of the mo&s;t learned Phy&s;icians make an I&s;&s;ue or a Seton in the Region of the Spleen, and Ve&s;icatories al&s;o, for the Di&s;ea&s;es thereof, e&s;peci|ally <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Aretaeus;</HI> yet I &s;hould not ea&s;ily per|&s;wade the u&s;e of them for fear of an Inflammation of the part, which is oftentimes pained, and may endanger the Patient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvaticus.</NOTE> &para; But he &s;peaks there of an ob&s;truction of the Spleen: And if there be a <HI>Scir|rhus,</HI> and that a contumacious one, <HI>Capivaccius, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 26. &s;ays, it is a mo&s;t effectual remedy. &para; <HI>Saxonia, Pract. Praelect. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 28. convinced by his own ex|perience, maintains, that it is very good to burn in four or five places over the Spleen. &para; And <HI>Hippo|pocrates, l. de int. aff. t.</HI> 35. is not again&s;t this remedy, who burns ten places, and tho&s;e very large, upon a &s;welled Spleen, with <HI>Fungi</HI> dipt in hot Oil. &para; <HI>For|tis, con&s;.</HI> 43. <HI>cent.</HI> 3. with <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Paulus,</HI> commends Sinapi&s;ms, as reviving the heat of the Part. <HI>But he adds,</HI> I know not for what rea&s;on <HI>Aretaeus</HI> per|&s;wades him&s;elf, that he can mollifie the hardne&s;s by fire. I &s;hould, with <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Aetius,</HI> admit of burning; but all will be vain, if there be a Cachexy, and if black choler abound; for in &s;uch the Ulcers might ea&s;ily turn cancrous.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de affect. n.</HI> 21. approves of Vo|miting in di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen; and there he has re&s;pect to the antecedent cau&s;e contained in the Sto|mach; for the Splenitick abound with much crudi|ties, which the Spleen draws, upon which it &s;wells. When therefore the Stomach is emptied by Vomit|ing, Matter is &s;ubtracted from the Spleen, a future occa&s;ion of ob&s;tructions. The Spleen it &s;elf will be ea&s;ed by Vomiting, becau&s;e the Ga&s;trick Arteries di&s;charge their filth into the Coeliack. And though the black humour be not very &s;equacious, becau&s;e of its gravity; yet it may be drawn from the Me|&s;araicks, and parts where it &s;ticks pertinaciou&s;ly, by the agitation and violence of the Vomiting, and may afterwards be voided downwards.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates, l.</HI> 4. <HI>acut. v.</HI> 396. excludes the Splenitick from Purging. By the Splenitick in that place are meant, they that have a hard Spleen, and the Ancients, and <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, 6 <HI>Aph.</HI> 43. took it in the &s;ame &s;en&s;e. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> prohibits them purging, becau&s;e the matter, which has been long &s;etled in the part, will not give way to a Purge, and what is contained in the re&s;t of the Body, being di&s;turbed by the Medicine, runs to the part affected, and in|crea&s;es the Swelling. And certainly, to confe&s;s in|genuou&s;ly, when I have been forced by the common cu&s;tome, to give Purges, even violent ones, in in|veterate &s;wellings of the Spleen, I know not one that was helped thereby: So that is no wonder, if tho&s;e ancient Phy&s;icians, who&s;e cures, <HI>Galen, Aetius, Cel&s;us,</HI> and others, have celebrated, u&s;ed in this ca&s;e onely Diureticks, and &s;uch things as extenuate and mollifie the Spleen, and make no mention of purg|ing, as you may &s;ee in <HI>Galen</HI> 9. <HI>de comp. med. Aetius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>P. Martianus</HI> comm. in loc.</NOTE> <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and others.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Why a Cly&s;ter rather purges the Spleen than the Liver, this &s;eems the rea&s;on, Becau&s;e it pa&s;&s;es not beyond the <HI>Colon,</HI> but operates onely on it and its ve&s;&s;els, as the Me&s;entery and Haemorrhoi|dal Branch, which tends to the Spleen, and by which the humours are evacuated out of the Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t know, that the Spleen will bear &s;trong Medicines, as <HI>Hippocrates,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Morbis.</HI> fir&s;t of all ob&s;erved.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Whether in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen mu&s;t we evacuate by Urine? Many make a que&s;tion of it, up|on <HI>Galen</HI>'s authority, 13. <HI>m. m. cap.</HI> 17. where he &s;ays, the Spleen mu&s;t be purged by Stool, and not by Urine. It is clear from an Anatomical rea&s;on; for there comes a remarkable branch of the <HI>vena porta</HI> to the Spleen, by which the matter mu&s;t be tran&s;|mitted to the Liver, and thence to the <HI>Cava,</HI> and out of that to the Emulgents. And if &s;ome be cu|red by plentifull Urine, as <HI>Bion.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 2. either <HI>Hippocrates</HI> takes notice of it as a thing very rare, and done by occult ways; Or indeed by u&s;ing emolli|ent and di&s;&s;ipating Medicines, and Purgatives, when much feculent matter remained in the Veins, where|by the humour might be fed, when it was di&s;charg|ed by Urine, it was rather a preten&s;ion than cure. Which the Phy&s;ician may imitate, when he knows that the Urine is black, thick and feculent; for then he may &s;afely u&s;e Diureticks, to evacuate the antecedent matter by that part. But it is apparent, that the Spleen does often di&s;charge it &s;elf of lixi|vious &s;aline dro&s;s, and of tartareous &s;andy crudities, while they are attenuated and voided by Urine. Thence the Phy&s;ician takes an occa&s;ion to give Diu|reticks to tho&s;e that are ill of the Spleen; and when <HI>Hippocrates</HI> lays down the Cure of the Splenitick, <HI>lib. de affect.</HI> he &s;ays, they mu&s;t be purged by Urine. It
<PB N="351" REF="181"> is fal&s;e al&s;o, that there is no manife&s;t way from the Spleen to the Kidneys and Bladder; for there are more Arteries, yea, five times as many as there are Veins, ari&s;ing from the Coeliack: Whereby there is an ea&s;ie pa&s;&s;age to the Emulgents; but be&s;ides, the Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els, tending to the Kidneys, are di&s;per&s;ed through it: Hence <HI>Galen,</HI> 2 <HI>ad Glaucon. cap.</HI> 2. &s;ays, the Kidneys and Spleen are evacuated by Urine. It is fal&s;e al&s;o, that Diureticks mu&s;t be gi|ven, onely for Pre&s;ervation, and the antecedent mat|ter's &s;ake; for it has been often ob&s;erved, that Hypochondriacks, and the Splenitick, have voided very black Urine from the Spleen it &s;elf, and pla|ces about the Spleen, by the Emulgent Arteries, with <GAP DESC="foreign">, or good tolerance: <HI>Vale&s;ius Exercit. in cap.</HI> 40. <HI>Hollerii,</HI> &s;ays, he knew a Religious Man, who&s;e Spleen &s;welled three or four times in the year, e&s;pecially in the Autumn, he had a pain in his <HI>Hypochondria;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> he was black all over his body; at length, when he had made Urine as black as Ink for five or &s;ix days, he grew well. &para; I ob&s;erved this al&s;o in a Lawyer, one Mr. <HI>de Har&s;y,</HI> who was very Splenitick, and voided Urine by fits, very like Ink both in colour and con&s;i&s;tence, which we cured by Diuretick Emul&s;ions. And <HI>Fortis, cent.</HI> 3. <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 48. approves of the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Ga&s;par Hofmannus de u&s;u Lienis, cap.</HI> 16. writes, that nothing is better than Diaphoreticks in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Valle&s;ius. The Woman, whom</HI> Hippocrates <HI>fir&s;t cured in</HI> Crano (6 Epi|dem. Sect. 3. v. 5. Fae&s;.) <HI>who was taken with a burning Fever, and had a hard Spleen, was critically cured by &s;weat; on the tenth day &s;he &s;weat upwards, and on the fourteenth day downwards.</HI> Valle&s;ius 3. <HI>in</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 20. <HI>iij. in</HI> 3. <HI>Epidem. aegr.</HI> 3. <HI>ij. in</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem.</HI> 32. &s;hews,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> that Sweats are frequent in Melancholick Spleniticks. For in them the Spleen di&s;charges it &s;elf of the lixivious &s;aline dregs, and tartareous crudities, of which there is great &s;tore.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Harts-tongue, or <HI>Phyllitis Dio&s;coridis,</HI> is of an A&s;tringent, and as <HI>Galen,</HI> 8. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> &s;peaks, of a bitter quality, for which <HI>Galen,</HI> as well as <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> com|mends it for Dy&s;enteries. On the contrary, Spleen|wort, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> 6. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> 61. is of &s;ubtile parts. Who therefore, may &s;ome &s;ay, would com|mend Harts-tongue for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, for removing of which, we &s;ee Harts-tongue Beer, u|&s;ed both by Phy&s;icians and the Vulgar, all the year long, than which, nothing is more valued? I an|&s;wer, The Spleen is a part mo&s;t fit to imbibe hu|mours like a Sponge, in&s;omuch, that it often grows hard, by too much repletion, which requires &s;trengthning. If therefore Univer&s;als have been premi&s;ed, Aperients given, if Tamarisk, Capers, Gentian, <HI>Ari&s;tolochia,</HI> &amp;c. have been u&s;ed, nothing certainly can be given more &s;ea&s;onably to a Spleni|tick per&s;on, than Harts-tongue Beer. Not to open the ob&s;tructions of the Spleen; but when they are opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli.</NOTE> to &s;trengthen it, and defend it from new inconveniences and injuries.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Idlene&s;s, according to <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> increa&s;es this Di&s;ea&s;e. And <HI>Aetius</HI> &s;aw &s;ome, that were cured of it onely by walking and running.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. The place for application of Externals is the left <HI>hypochondrium.</HI> And they ob&s;erve the&s;e pla|ces below, &s;o that the fingers may be put into the empty &s;paces under the Ba&s;tard Ribs, or they reach forward, toward the middle of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and ob|&s;erve, by the touch, whether they be &s;oft or hard. But in its natural &s;ite, though it &s;well out a little, it cannot be felt neither below nor before; for it has a higher &s;ituation. The Application about that place is in vain. But in a preternatural &s;tate, when it &s;wells, either downwards, or forwards towards the middle of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> Topicks are convenient in that place, and one cannot err in the place of application. A <HI>tillicidium,</HI> Embrochation, or Fo|mentation with a Sponge, is convenient. A Bag filled with Spices, and boiled in Wine, penetrates le&s;s. Liquours applied in a bladder are le&s;s effec|tual than a Bag; vecau&s;e the virtue is intercepted by the Membrane. Boiled Herbs them&s;elves, though they be trouble&s;ome, are more effectual. Pla&s;ters, though they &s;eem to &s;top the Pores, yet by their long lying on, they make up that inconve|nience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. In an Inflammation of it, after a Vein is breathed, pre&s;ently &s;ome repelling thing mu&s;t be applied, but it mu&s;t not be very cold nor a&s;trin|gent, le&s;t the humour be conden&s;ed, or fixed more in the Spleen, and it be hardened, but &s;ome inci|ding thing mu&s;t be mixt, as Vinegar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. <HI>Sennertus</HI> advi&s;es to ab&s;tain wholly from Pur|gatives, except in the Declen&s;ion: for though the Spleen will bear &s;trong Medicines, yet then there mu&s;t be no Inflammation, which would grow wor&s;e upon Purging.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The &s;ame method of cure mu&s;t be follow|ed in an Inflammation of the Spleen, as in the In|flammation of the Liver, if the following differen|ces be ob&s;erved. 1. That when the Spleen is in|flamed, bloud mu&s;t be let in the left Arm, but not &s;o often as in an Inflammation of the Liver. But what is received from Authours about opening the <HI>Salvatella,</HI> which they &s;ay peculiarly empties the Spleen, is &s;uper&s;titious, and now almo&s;t left off in practice. But it is be&s;t to open the Ba&s;ilick Vein, to &s;atisfie all Intentions. 2. As for Topicks, which in an Inflammation of the Liver are applied to the right <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> they mu&s;t here be applied to the left. 3. In the u&s;e of the &s;aid Topicks, we need not be &s;o carefull about, nor &s;o long conti|nue A&s;tringents; for &s;ince the Spleen is no princi|pal part, we need not be &s;o &s;tudious about &s;trengthning of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. When the Fever, Thir&s;t and Pains are a&s;&s;waged, if there be any &s;welling or ten&s;ion re|maining in the Spleen, the Cure mu&s;t not be left off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> though the Patient imagine him&s;elf to be per|fectly well, for it might ea&s;ily turn to a <HI>Scirrhus.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. <HI>Crocus Martis aperitivus</HI> is good for opening ob&s;tructions of the Spleen, if it be made with the Acid of Sulphur, which is mo&s;t effectual, if two or three grains of it be given with a Purgative Vehi|cle, to wit, with <HI>Pilulae de tribus,</HI> or extract of <HI>Sen|na,</HI> drinking a deob&s;truent decoction upon it. But becau&s;e by long practice I have ob&s;erved it &s;poils the Stomach. I had rather give <HI>Circulatum aperiens,</HI> which Medicine contains in it <HI>Sal Martis, Sal urinae pueri,</HI> and <HI>Sal Tartari,</HI> to which rectified Spirit of Tar|tar is put, and all of them circulated forty days con|tinually in a Pelican, and &s;o it becomes a mo&s;t ef|ficacious Aperient. The do&s;e whereof is about half a drachm in di&s;tilled water of Fumitory and Agrimony, for fifteen or twenty days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. They who in Spleniticks begin with Ape|rients, and not with A&s;tringents, are mi&s;taken, be|cau&s;e they &s;et more by the pre&s;ervatory Indication, than by the Vital, which by no means &s;hould be done in flaccid parts, &s;uch as the Spleen is. We u&s;e in them Chalybeates, Tomarisk, <HI>Scolopendrium,</HI> &amp;c. which are all &s;trengthners. When the Spleen is &s;trengthned, it is rendred more able to expell the excrements. And the &s;ame A&s;tringent virtue de|fends the Spleen from the flux of the humours. Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>Meth.</HI> 16. &s;ays, that A&s;tringents mu&s;t be put in Medicines for the Spleen, becau&s;e all Aperients, de&s;titute of an A&s;tringent faculty, puff up the Spleen;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> as &s;weet and &s;ugared things do te|&s;tifie, which are opening, and do puff it up.</P>
<P N="20">XX. I&s;&s;ues in the left Leg, though they do not evacuate the gro&s;s humour; yet by voiding the &s;e|ro&s;ities, they pre&s;erve from Melancholick Di&s;ea&s;es, and from trembling and palpitation of the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> as <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Fernelius</HI> have ob&s;erved.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Antiquity formerly attributed a &s;tinking Mouth, putrid Gums, bleeding, and &s;ore Legs, to a great Spleen. But they di&s;tingui&s;h badly between
<PB N="352" REF="182"> a Di&s;ea&s;e of magnitude augmented, and an Ulcer, or a part vitiated with putrefaction: For the Spleen labours of both Di&s;ea&s;es; but the &s;igns mentioned by the Ancients do rather indicate putrefaction, than magnitude augmented: for when black choler putrefies about the Spleen, not onely the mouth is corrupted, but <HI>Varices</HI> al&s;o break out, and the Legs grow &s;ore with Ulcers. A Child was ill kept by its Nur&s;e, in &s;tead of Milk &s;he fed it with other gro&s;s food, it gathered from that much tough and vi&s;cid humour, &s;o &s;tuffing the narrow Veins of the Me&s;entery, <HI>Pancreas</HI> and Spleen, that this la&s;t part was much &s;welled, di&s;tended all the <HI>Abdomen</HI> and Loins, and made the whole body lean. But when the ob&s;truction was removed, and &s;ome of the hu|mour abated, the di&s;tended Spleen did &s;o manife&s;t|ly decrea&s;e, that it clearly appeared, this Swelling came not &s;o much from a bad conformation, as from abundance of food, which being &s;ubtracted, the Child did thrive again, nor did ever any of tho&s;e &s;igns appear, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2. <HI>Prorrh.</HI> a&s;|cribes to a great Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. The Spleen &s;wells, not becau&s;e of abun|dance of melancholy, but rather becau&s;e of wind gathered and retained about the&s;e parts. Medi|cines therefore mu&s;t be made of things a&s;tringent, and that di&s;cu&s;s Wind: for A&s;tringents hinder its inflation and &s;welling,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius</NOTE> and di&s;cu&s;s, what is al|ready received.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Cupping-gla&s;&s;es may be frequently ap|plied to the Spleen, pre&s;ently after emollient fo|mentations, which, as I have always ob&s;erved them to doe good dry, for moving the matter, and heat|ing the part, &s;o I dur&s;t never u&s;e them with Scari|fication, le&s;t the humour, when the moi&s;ture was exhau&s;ted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> might turn Scirrhous.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Whether may bloud be let in a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> of the Spleen? <HI>Galen. lib. de car. p. &s;. m. c.</HI> 16. com|mends Bleeding, and admires, why the Ancients omitted it in this di&s;ea&s;e. I think either may be done. For when the <HI>Scirrhus</HI> has injured the whole body, and there is a beginning of a Cachexy and Drop&s;ie, venae&s;ection, yea, and all manner of Bleed|ing mu&s;t be omitted. When the re&s;t of the parts of the Body are well, a vein mu&s;t be opened in the left Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> if &s;trength be good, if not, in the left hand.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. After we have been carefull in purging, we mu&s;t proceed to &s;trong attenuants and aperi|ents, in which &s;ome give the Broth of an old Cock with Steel, but becau&s;e we have ob&s;erved this to doe little or no good in <HI>Scirrhous</HI> tumours, we ra|ther u&s;e a decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a-parilla;</HI> which is held to be admirable again&s;t hard tumours; Take of <HI>Sar&s;a-parilla</HI> well cut two ounces, the middle rind of a Willow 1 ounce, Bark of Caper-root half an ounce, Smith's water three pounds. Mix them. Make an Infu&s;ion for 24 hours, then let them boil half away; towards the latter end of the boiling add of Spleen-wort, Dead-nettle, each one pugil. Strain it for three do&s;es to be taken in the morning after this <HI>Bolus;</HI> Take of Trochi&s;cs of Capers one Scruple, <HI>Crocus Martis aperitivus</HI> three or four grains, Vinegar of Squills what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus.</HI> Continue taking thirty or forty days. Every fifth day this mu&s;t be taken; Take of <HI>Pilulae de tribus,</HI> Extract of <HI>Senna</HI> each half a drachm, Ex|tract of Hellebore one Scruple.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. A Man about fifty years old had a great Swelling in the left <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> unequal and hard, as big as ones Arm, reaching towards the right &s;ide, according to the u&s;ual &s;ite of the <HI>Colon.</HI> The Phy&s;icians a&s;cribed it to the Spleen, together with other &s;ymptoms of the Hypochondriack di|&s;ea&s;e. I pre&s;cribed the following Liniment and Pla&s;ter to be applied over all the upper region of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> be&s;ide Pills made of Gums, by means whereof the Tumour was &s;oftned, and in a great mea&s;ure removed. Take of Ointment of Mar&s;h|mallows compound, Oil of Capers, each 1 ounce, <HI>Oleum Philo&s;ophorum</HI> 2 drachms. Mix them. &para; This is the de&s;cription of the carminative Pla&s;ter; Take of Gum <HI>Galbanum, Bdellium,</HI> Ammoniack, each half an ounce, <HI>Olibanum,</HI> red Myrrhe, each 2 drachms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> Theba|ick <HI>Opium</HI> one drachm. Di&s;&s;olve them in Vinegar of Squills, and when they are in&s;pi&s;&s;ated again, add of yellow Wax, <HI>Colophonia,</HI> each three drachms, Bal&s;ame of <HI>Peru, Oleum Philo&s;ophorum</HI> each one drachm, Earth half a drachm, Carroway di&s;tilled half a Scruple, <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentine what is &s;ufficient. Make a Pla&s;ter ac|cording to Art. Spread it on Leather, and take mea&s;ure of the &s;welling with a paper, and cut their Pla&s;ter accordingly, and apply it.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. It is an old tradition, that the Spleen may be cut out from Runners. But its noble u&s;es di&s;&s;wade that, it being employed in depurating the acid bloud; and there is fear of an Haemorrhagy, for it abounds in Veins and Arteries. Be&s;ides, it is &s;o clo&s;e tied by the membranes of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> and the communication of Ve&s;&s;els to the parts ad|joining, that it &s;eems impo&s;&s;ible to take it out, without hazard of Inflammation, and endamaging the parts adjoyning. Yet it were to be wi&s;hed, the cau&s;e of &s;o many evils could be extirpated. But in my opinion, we &s;hould doe little good, becau&s;e the fault lies in the bad humours, which, when the Spleen were taken away, could doe the &s;ame mi&s;|chief to another part. However, in a <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> cut|ting of it out would be of u&s;e, becau&s;e the weight of it is trouble&s;ome, and often cau&s;es a Drop&s;ie. <HI>Fioravanti</HI> tried it, who cut the Spleen out of a Woman's Belly, which weighed thirty two pounds, and &s;o delivered the Woman from a <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> which would have killed her. Since <HI>Fioravanti,</HI> none dur&s;t venture on the operation in Man, though in Ani|mals, who&s;e Spleen is le&s;s and loo&s;er,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 51.</NOTE> it has &s;uc|ceeded well.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Petrus A&s;&s;elinaeus,</HI> when he practi&s;ed Phy|&s;ick at <HI>Ca&s;tel-franco,</HI> ob&s;erved, that the Country peo|ple there had a &s;trange, irrational operation for a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> of the Spleen, whereby neverthele&s;s the Patients acknowledged they found benefit; and, among the re&s;t, a certain Knight of <HI>Malta,</HI> who, in his pre&s;ence, &s;uffered the operation to be perform|ed in this manner; The Patient lay &s;tretched out on a Table, a clean Paper was laid on his Spleen, and they &s;et a very keen Ax to it, which they hit twice or thrice with all their force. The blow put him to much pain, but the Paper was untouch|ed, and one might feel the <HI>Scirrhus</HI> cloven into two parts. And by this means tho&s;e that have u&s;ed it, think they hinder the increa&s;e of their Spleen. <HI>A|quapendent</HI> mentions this diverberation, who thinks it ab&s;urd, as al&s;o do <HI>Cardan, Ma&s;&s;arias, Riolanus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius.</NOTE> and others.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. The &s;ite of the Spleen is &s;ometimes chang|ed, when, its ligaments being made lax, it hangs down, or when, they being broken, it hangs for|ward in the <HI>hypoga&s;trium,</HI> which I &s;aw four times. Then it deceives unwary Phy&s;icians in form of a Mole, or of a <HI>Scirrhous</HI> Womb in Women: In Man in form of a glandulous Tumour, like a <HI>Steatoma</HI> ly|ing in the Me&s;entery. Sometimes one would think one of the Kidneys were &s;lipt thither. But they are ea&s;ily di&s;tingui&s;hed. A &s;ign of the Kidney be|ing &s;lipt is a round Tumour; of the Spleen's fal|ling an oblong Tumour, and a vacuity in the left <HI>Hypochondrium.</HI> But if the Tumour be moveable, as it is at the beginning, both the Spleen and Kid|ney is ea&s;ily re&s;tored to its natural place again: Otherwi&s;e, after &s;ix months time, it &s;ticks &s;o fa&s;t to the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> forwards, to the bottom of the Blad|der and the Guts; and, in Women, to the Womb, that it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity putrefie there: Which it will doe the &s;ooner, if you u&s;e emollient Medi|cines; you may prolong life, if you let bloud of|ten, and keep up the Swelling with a Tru&s;s. Whe|ther, if the Spleen be out of its natural place, or
<PB N="353" REF="182"> &s;lip forwards to the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium,</HI> may it be burnt with a red-hot Iron? It is a very hazardous ca&s;e, although old Veterinary Authours write, that &s;o the Spleen may be wa&s;ted in Hor&s;es and Slaves, tho&s;e cheap Souls, in whom they thought it good and lawfull to experiment this mo&s;t cruel Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Take of Mandrake-root a quarter of a pound, cut it into pieces, and boil it in Oil of Lin|&s;eed, <HI>Se&s;amum,</HI> or Almonds, adding a little Vinegar. Brui&s;e them, and pa&s;s them through a Sieve; add to them of <HI>Opoponax,</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar of Squills two ounces, <HI>Stirax,</HI> Myrrhe, <HI>Bdellium,</HI> Seeds of <HI>Alke|kengi,</HI> each half an ounce, new Wax, or <HI>Propolis</HI> and Turpentine what is &s;ufficient, Saffron two drachms, Celtick, Spike, Schoenanth, <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> or <HI>Vitex,</HI> each one drachm. Mix them. Fir&s;t foment the Spleen, and then anoint it. It has &s;o emollient a virtue, that it will &s;often Ivory.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For Ob&s;tructions.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Juice of Tamarisk drunk in Wine is highly commended. &para; An A&s;&s;es Spleen is good again&s;t inveterate ob&s;tructions. &para; Germander is a good Medicine al&s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Tincture of Spleenwort cures all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Bry</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. A Decoction of Fern is effectual in this ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4 Gum Ammoniack di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar does e|&s;pecially di&s;&s;olve the Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Deadnettle taken any way is good for a hard and ob&s;tructed Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. Root of Dwarf-Elder boiled in water till two parts in three be boiled away, cures admirably, as I have experienced.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> and Hardne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. For a hardned and ob&s;tructed Spleen I had always &s;ucce&s;s according to my de&s;ire, by giving a decoction of Roman Wormwood to drink in the Morning;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE> and it &s;ucceeded always better, if Smith's Water were given after Meat.</P>
<P N="2">2. Powder of an A&s;&s;es Spleen, or a Wolf's Li|ver, and the A&s;hes of a Bat given to two drachms in Wine, or in <HI>Oxymel,</HI> or Vinegar of Squills, is ve|ry efficacious. &para; But the mo&s;t effectual remedy is drink prepared with Steel and other things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Spiritus Vitrioli Tartari&s;atus</HI> is admirable good; &para; Al&s;o a Pla&s;ter of Juice of Hemlock, and of Juice of Mandrake is good, if they be mixt with Gum Ammoniack.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Juice of Crow-Garlick dried and powdered is admirable good; Take of this one &s;cruple, Gum Ammoniack di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar of Squills half a drachm. Make a <HI>Bolus:</HI> give it four hours before Meal, and drink half an ounce of <HI>Oxymel</HI> pre&s;ently after it. &para; Among compound Medicines, this is an effectual one; Take of Heath-Berries half an ounce, White Pepper, Syrian Nard, Gum Ammoniack, <HI>Thymiama,</HI> each two drachms. Pow|der the dry things. Di&s;&s;olve the Gum Ammoniack in Vinegar of Squills. Mix them. Make Tro|chi&s;cs of a drachm weight,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rudius.</NOTE> Give one of them with <HI>Oxymel.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lienteria,</HI> or, A Lientery.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Preparatives ought to be? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t Purge upwards or downwards? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents applied, are not always beneficial. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Milk may be allowed? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it proceed from a Drop&s;ie, it mu&s;t not be &s;tept. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THere is a great difficulty about things that prepare the thick matter: For on one hand Writers propound <HI>Mul&s;a,</HI> Honey of Ro&s;es, and <HI>Oxymel;</HI> but every one of the&s;e things incides and loo&s;ens the Belly, and &s;o they are all &s;u&s;pect|ed. Such things therefore mu&s;t be cho&s;en as both incide and heat, dry and a&s;tringe: The&s;e things are commended among the re&s;t, Vinegar of Squills, Syrup of Mint, and of Wormwood. But above all the re&s;t, <HI>Sal Theriacale</HI> is commended, or Salts made and extracted from hot Stomachick Powders, as Salt of Wormwood, Mint and Spike; And if they are not to be had, it is ea&s;ie to make <HI>Lixivia</HI> of their A&s;hes, and how available <HI>Lixivia</HI> are in ab|&s;ter&s;ion and drying, <HI>Galen.</HI> 2. <HI>de antidot. c.</HI> 7. &s;hews. A <HI>Lixivium</HI> may be made of Stomachick A&s;hes, by burning Wormwood, Mint, Coriander, Spike, Schoe|nanth, Pennyroyal and Calamint. One ounce may be given either &s;imple or mixt, with Vinegar of Squills, or Syrup of Mint, or the like. After Ab|&s;ter&s;ion, the Stomach mu&s;t be heated, adding A&s;trin|gents, among which one drachm of Coriander pow|dered, with Odoriferous Wine, is very good. Opi|ates al&s;o may be given, as <HI>Philonium</HI> about half a drachm: for when &s;leep is procured, the Meat is kept, and &s;o it is concocted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. The Matter, which is contained in the Guts, mu&s;t be evacuated by Stool: And what is contain|ed in the Stomach, by Vomit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius,</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. If the Flux ari&s;e from &s;ome fault in the food, or from the violence of a Purge, A&s;tringents mu&s;t be avoided, le&s;t the Humours being repelled from without, return inwards: for it will &s;top by chang|ing the diet, and by taking off the Acrimony of the Medicine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Milk &s;eems hurtfull, becau&s;e it loo&s;ens the Belly, which is already loo&s;e. 2. Becau&s;e of its cooling virtue, which is &s;u&s;pected, where the con|coctive faculty is weak. But we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that Milk is good for that &s;ort of Lientery, which thin and &s;harp humours do cau&s;e, by irritating the expul&s;ive faculty, they being tempered by taking it; or when the inner coat of the Stomach is excoriated in its <HI>&s;uperficies,</HI> for which rea&s;on the Meat creates trouble and mordication, &s;o that it cannot be retained, in which ca&s;e the taking of Milk is mo&s;t convenient. 1. Becau&s;e we mu&s;t take care to give food, which is ea&s;ie of alteration, be|cau&s;e the Meat cannot &s;tay long in the Stomach and Guts, for the weakne&s;s of the retentive facul|ty; But Milk is &s;uch, and, as <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>de plac.</HI> te|&s;tifies, it may be converted without Alteration. 2. Becau&s;e in regard of its ca&s;eous &s;ub&s;tance, which abounds in it, it is a little &s;topping. Ob|&s;erve, 2. Milk mu&s;t not be given raw, but boil|ed, that the &s;erous part flying away in boiling (which by its nitrous, deter&s;ive faculty, does harm) onely the ca&s;eous may remain, which is the fitter for Nutrition.</P>
<P N="5">V. If the Flux ari&s;e from the Drop&s;ie, it mu&s;t not be &s;topt, le&s;t perhaps Nature, trying to di&s;burthen her &s;elf that way, &s;hould be forced to &s;ome prin|cipal part. It is better to &s;trengthen the Stomach, and to refre&s;h it with good Diet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="354" REF="183">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The Seed of a Head of Popy brui&s;ed and gi|ven is very good. &para; Al&s;o &s;owre and unripe Mul|berries, dried and powdered, and given in drink, gives great relief.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Altomari.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. A Hen's Gizzard dried, and powdered, and given in drink, is admirable good. &para; One, after he had tried &s;everal things, was cured with this Electuary; Take of Sugar of Ro&s;es 6 ounces, the be&s;t Treacle 6 drachms, with Marmelade of Quin|ces, make an Electuary. &para; I cured one of a de&s;|perate Lientery with this; Take the Yelk of an Egg, &s;trew the Powder of one Nutmeg on it, ro&s;t it upon a Tile. It cured the Flux, and the party recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE>3. Di&s;tilled Oil of Mint, with Quince-wine, and Cinnamon-water, &s;tops this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">4. If the Di&s;ea&s;e continue long, Rheubarb, e&s;pe|cially prepared with Ro&s;e-water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> is of great effi|cacy.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Linguae Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Tongue.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cure of a &s;uffocative Tumour. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a thick one, by taking off what was &s;uperfluous. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch moi&s;tners are good for the Heat of it? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it, when wounded. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fraenum,</HI> or Tongue-tiedne&s;s. (See the &s;ame Title in Chil|drens Di&s;ea&s;es. BOOK IX.)</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the <HI>Ranula</HI> by a red-hot Iron. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure by Suppuraters &s;afe. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By opening. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a half-Pal&s;ie. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The impeded Speech re&s;tored by a fortuitous remedy. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Nobleman tried the &s;ingular effect of Leeches in a mo&s;t contumacious &s;welling of the Tongue. One half of the Tongue was hard, from a defluxion of black choler, &s;o that it &s;tuck immoveable in the mouth, like a piece of a dry &s;tick. The be&s;t Medicines were u&s;ed for it, but un&s;ucce&s;sfully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Lange|lottus in <HI>Mi&s;c. cur. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</HI> 75. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> for three weeks. But the thick and vi&s;cous humour was drawn out by Leeches onely applied to the Tongue, which the Phy&s;ici|ans had di&s;&s;waded, and the Patient recovered.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Maid at <HI>Liege</HI> had a large thick Tongue, as big as ones hand, &s;o that &s;he could &s;carce con|tain it in her Mouth. The Phy&s;icians cured her, by cutting off what was &s;uperfluous at the end, till they had reduced it to the u&s;ual bigne&s;s. This I had from the judicious <HI>Johannes Walaeus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In the heat of the Tongue a Gargari&s;m is not &s;ufficient, but &s;omething that is fat is requi|&s;ite:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Minderorus.</NOTE> for, though it be never &s;o well wa&s;hed, it pre|&s;ently grows dry.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Wounds of the Tongue, that are made tran&s;ver&s;e, are u&s;ually reckoned incurable, becau&s;e of its mobility, moi&s;ture and great laxity; yet I would advi&s;e (unle&s;s it be quite cut off) to try to cure it; for &s;uch wounds are not wholly incu|rable. I had a Girl three years old under cure, which falling to the ground with her Tongue out, cut off almo&s;t all that part of it which was between her teeth, and had quite cut it off, but that &s;he wanted two of her teeth. When I was called, I thought to have &s;owed the parts together, but the Girls impatience would not permit me. There|fore I managed the cure with the things follow|ing; Take of Leaves and Flowers of Privet, Plan|tain, red Ro&s;es, each one handfull, Rinds of Pome|granate and its Flowers each half an ounce; boil them in two pounds of Chalybeate water, to the con&s;umption of a third part. Add to the colature of <HI>Acacia</HI> two drachms, Syrup of dried Ro&s;es two ounces. Make a Gargari&s;m: She often held in her mouth Syrup of dried Ro&s;es, Quinces, Currants, and rob of Quinces, &s;he u&s;ed liquid Meats: by the&s;e things &s;he was cured, without any impedi|ment to her Speech.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. The <HI>Ranula</HI> (or <HI>Swelling under the Tongue</HI>) put a young Man to &s;o much trouble, that he could &s;carce &s;peak, nor could he well &s;wallow or take Breath. The Chirurgeon determined to get out the Phlegm gathered there with a Penknife; but it was grown &s;o hard, it would not run: And therefore he chang|ed his mind, and con&s;umed it with a red-hot Iron, hindring it withall from returning. But if the mat|ter of the <HI>Ranula</HI> be &s;oft and &s;equacious (which is ea&s;ily di&s;cerned by the touch) let burning alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> and cut onely the top of the Skin, and the limpid vi&s;cid matter, like the White of an Egg, will either run out of it &s;elf, or may be &s;queezed out with the finger. &para; In a Boy <HI>Ve&s;lingius</HI> cured it with an A|&s;tringent drying powder, of Cuttlefi&s;h bones, <HI>Spodi|um,</HI> Coral, Tartar, Pomegranate Flowers and Ro|&s;es. &para; <HI>P. Marchetti</HI> cut out the Tumour, and took out the Bladder whole, with admirable &s;ucce&s;s, ap|plying Juice of Celandine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> was &s;ubject to Catarrhs, which fell chiefly on the Jaws: Sometimes the mat|ter falling under the Tongue, did &s;o fill and dilate the place, that a true <HI>Ranula</HI> appeared: And be|cau&s;e there was bloud al&s;o (for the pain, pul&s;e and colour, did &s;hew that) I re&s;olved to promote &s;uppuration, which happened within &s;even days, upon which &s;he could &s;peak and breathe better. But fir&s;t of all the <HI>Pus</HI> ran fetid, and then pure. I &s;aw two other <HI>Ranulae</HI> opened with a Knife, out of which matter came like the White of an Egg; whence al&s;o it appeared, that they derive their ori|ginal rather from a cold than a hot matter. Then we di&s;puted, whether <HI>Ranulae</HI> u&s;e to grow again? But this is confirmed by experience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 36.</NOTE> I thought it therefore &s;afe&s;t to cure by &s;uppuraters, becau&s;e that way the Bladder is taken away al&s;o.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If the <HI>Ranula,</HI> or Tumour ari&s;ing under the Tongue cannot be cured by di&s;cutients, which rare|ly falls out, we mu&s;t proceed to opening, which mu&s;t not be &s;mall. Becau&s;e the matter contained in the Bladder will gather again, and fill the Blad|der (there being al&s;o a great laxity and &s;oftne&s;s of the part, whereby it is fit for reception) but Secti|on mu&s;t be made along the top of the Tumour in each Eminence, that all the matter may run out at once. &para; A young Woman,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> after an Epidemick Fever, had a &s;welling under her Tongue, as big as a Pigeon's Egg, round, hard and red, &s;o that with much pain the Tongue was driven back, and her &s;peech and &s;wallowing hindred. The Chirurgeon wi&s;ely avoided opening of it, becau&s;e the ab&s;ce&s;s was not as yet ripe, and if it be opened all red, it may indanger either an Inflammation or a <HI>Can|cer.</HI> In the mean time the body was prepa|red in a due method. When &s;ix weeks were pa&s;t, I &s;aw the <HI>Ranula</HI> pale, and with my fingers on each &s;ide, I found it was &s;uppurated, and that the matter fluctuated in a thick coat, wherefore I ad|vi&s;ed opening of it. The Skin was broke with a gentle inci&s;ion of a Penknife, where it was ob|&s;erved to be free from Veins; pre&s;ently as much matter, like the White of an Egg, came out, as a large Spoon would hold. The <HI>Ranula</HI> fell; in a few days after, a new inci&s;ion was made on the other &s;ide, and there came out the like quan|tity of the &s;ame Liquour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 89.</NOTE> and &s;o &s;he recovered her Tongue and Speech; and &s;he &s;wallowed as formerly.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="355" REF="183">VIII. A Mini&s;ter of God's Word could not Preach any more, for the Laxity, or half-Pal&s;ie of his Tongue. Several things were tried in vain. At length this Mixture did the bu&s;ine&s;s; Take of Mithridate one drachm, Extract of <HI>Acorus</HI> one &s;cruple, Powder of Root of <HI>Aron</HI> 2 Scruples, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor &s;ix grains, Oil of Cloves four drops. Mix them. He had this mixture always in readine&s;s; and if he hae&s;i|tated in Preaching, he betook him&s;elf pre&s;ently to his Mixture, and fini&s;hed his Di&s;cour&s;e. At length he died Apoplectick.</P>
<P N="9">IX. By accident many things were found of old, and do al&s;o come to light at this day. It happened that one who had a great piece of his Tongue cut off, on a time drank out of a Wooden Di&s;h with the Reapers in the field, and when he was tickled by &s;ome that &s;tood by him, he &s;uddenly broke out in|to articulate voices, who admiring the novelty, put the &s;ame di&s;h to his head again, in the &s;ame po&s;ture as before, and &s;poke &s;o as he could be under&s;tood of all. He carried it about him for a while after, and u&s;ed it for an Interpreter of his mind, till he got another Wooden In&s;trument ingeniou&s;ly made him, which he wore about his neck always, and ex|pre&s;&s;ed his mind by it. See the Figure of the In|&s;trument in <HI>Paraeus, l.</HI> 22. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The White of an Egg with Mucilage of <HI>P&s;ylli|um,</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es or Violets, boiled a little with Seed of Pur&s;lane and Ivory are very good for a hot and dry tongue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Take Oil Olive 1 Spoonfull, Vitriol the quan|tity of a Hazle-Nut. Mix them. Anoint the Tongue, it cools exceedingly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wittichius.</NOTE> and pre&s;erves from putrefacti|on.</P>
<P N="3">3. In the &s;welling of the Tongue <HI>Galen</HI>'s remedy is excellent; Hold Juice of Lettuce in the mouth. It has been often tried.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Spirit of Black Cherries re&s;tores the lo&s;t Speech,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> to a Miracle.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lues Venerea,</HI> or, The Pox, or, Ve|nereal Di&s;ea&s;e.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be very cautious in his judgment about the infected. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The faculty of a Stove in di&s;covering a latent Pox. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Prudence mu&s;t be u&s;ed in letting of bloud. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it can be conquered by common Alexipharmacks? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Cure without either Sweat or Salivation. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>According to this or the other Intention, this or the other A|lexipharmack mu&s;t be u&s;ed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t Purge exactly before we Sweat. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The choice of <HI>Guajacum</HI> Wood. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be boiled in Wine. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The proportion of it to the Water mu&s;t not always be the &s;ame. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Decoction may be made in <HI>Balneo Mariae? XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Decoction may be &s;ea&s;oned? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Roots and Herbs may be put in it? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Extract, or the Decoction of the Wood &s;hould be preferred? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Di&s;tillation or the Decoction be better? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about the &s;econdary Decoction. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purgatives may be put in the Decoctions? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Our Country Woods may &s;upply the Defect of Exoticks. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of taking the Decoctions. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After taking of the Decoction, how we may promote Sweat. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Diureticks mu&s;t be added to Sudorificks? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of <HI>Sar&s;a parilla</HI> is in the Bark. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>China</HI> is not able to conquer the Pox. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Decoction of it cannot be long kept. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purges are often proper. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what re&s;pect <HI>Coloquintica</HI> does good? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it may be u&s;ed, if it cannot be taken for its bitterne&s;s. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Purgatives are of great efficacy. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Mercurius precipitatus</HI> for Purging. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How long we mu&s;t per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of Mercurial Purges? <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;pon what account Mercurial Medicines are &s;u&s;pected? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The great u&s;efulne&s;s of <HI>Mercurius dulcis. XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A mo&s;t grievous Pox cured quickly and &s;afely by Mercurial Medicines. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Pills mu&s;t be well covered with gold. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If a Vomit be proper, What is be&s;t to be given? <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;efullne&s;s of Lixivial Salts in curing the Pox. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his method of curing the Pox. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellence of Fluxing in curing the Pox. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right admini&s;tration of Mercurial Medicines. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not fall prepo&s;terou&s;ly on Fluxing. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what virtue crude Mercury acts in Anointing? <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mercury</HI> Precipitate and Sublimate may be made u&s;e of. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Evacuation of the Body mu&s;t precede fluxing. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Anointing is u&s;ed, Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given frequently. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine, while a Flux is rai&s;ing, is dangerous. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mercury</HI> mu&s;t not be corrected with hot things. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salivation and Sweat mu&s;t not be rai&s;ed both at once. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salivation mu&s;t rather be promoted than &s;topt. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Women with Child and Children bear fluxing. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the <HI>Spina Dor&s;i</HI> mu&s;t be anointed? <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the great Gland of the Neck be inflamed, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from anointing. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they, that are di&s;ea&s;ed in their Nerves, may be anoint|ed? <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Quin&s;ie, or a &s;ore Mouth hinders it. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The repairing the mi&s;chief done the parts of the Mouth. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of getting out the <HI>Mercury,</HI> which remains in the Body after Anointing. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Baths be proper, and when? <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters be proper? <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of crude Antimony in a Decoction. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Taking of Narcoticks, if they be u&s;ed aright, is &s;afe. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of I&s;&s;ues. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>While Buboes are cured with Applications, the general cure mu&s;t not be omitted. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Symptoms, remaining after Cure, do not always require a new Cure. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a &s;pare Diet be proper? <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;coct Bread not always proper. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An inveterate Pox quickly cured. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Pre&s;ervation be lawfull and &s;afe? <HI>LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE Pox, unle&s;s it plainly &s;hew it &s;elf by tubercles and pu&s;tules, which u&s;e to break out here and there all over the body, but e&s;pecially about the forehead and the ob&s;cene parts and thighs, and mo&s;t about the knees, is often oc|cult, and does ea&s;ily impo&s;e, and makes the Cure bad, if it be new; and difficult, if it be inveterate. An accurate judgment therefore is needfull. And all depends upon the Confe&s;&s;ion of the Patient him&s;elf. The Phy&s;ician therefore mu&s;t &s;ift the Patient. For, be&s;ides tho&s;e manife&s;t degrees, which <HI>Fernelius</HI> makes to be four, there are others al&s;o, which are diffi|cult to be known, becau&s;e of the Symptoms com|mon to other Di&s;ea&s;es. But the lying with a Whore may &s;erve to &s;ignifie all;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> and if the Patient confe&s;s this, be the Symptoms never &s;o common, yet he may very well be cured as an infected per&s;on.</P>
<P N="2">II. Stoves are not onely u&s;ed in the Cure of the Pox, to promote it, but even before the Cure be undertaken, if, becau&s;e the &s;igns are not &s;o plain, we doubt of it. And we may know it is the Pox, and be the more a&s;&s;ured of it, if after &s;wea|ting &s;everal times in a Stove the latent &s;eminary of
<PB N="356" REF="184"> it be drawn to the skin, and then &s;hew it &s;elf in &s;pots,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> pu&s;tules and other &s;ymptoms.</P>
<P N="3">III. It is my advice to bleed often, and in divers parts of the body, and in tho&s;e chiefly which are mo&s;t tormented; becau&s;e the &s;eminary of this Di&s;|ea&s;e re&s;ides principally in the bloud in the veins, which di&s;per&s;e them&s;elves far from the Liver, and in them chiefly that are next the parts infected. And you mu&s;t either let bloud in them, (if po&s;&s;ible) or in parts next to them. Hear you, when the Di&s;ea&s;e has fixt it &s;elf in the body, you may not here, as many ra&s;hly doe, make revul&s;ion of the peccant humour to contrary parts, like as in In|flammations, which are onely rai&s;ed by abundance of bloud: for in the&s;e, though you retract what is next to the part affected, it cannot infect the re&s;t, becau&s;e it is not yet putrefied: But in the Pox it is far otherwi&s;e, and in all other Di&s;ea&s;es which a pernicious juice cau&s;es or foments.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Some, not confiding in &s;pecifick Alexiphar|macks alone, will have common ones added. <HI>Fer|nelius</HI> gives half a drachm or a drachm of his Electu|ary, or alexipharmack Antidote, before the Pati|ent drink the fir&s;t draught of his Decoction: <HI>Pal|marius,</HI> in imitation of him, has contrived two An|tidotes: And <HI>Rondeletius</HI> commends his Treacle-wa|ter. <HI>Ant. Minodaus</HI> thinks Treacle is the be&s;t Alexi|terick again&s;t the Pox. But, as I do not di&s;&s;uade the u&s;e of the&s;e things, becau&s;e it is the cu&s;tome, when Poi&s;on is taken, and it is not known what it is, to give Treacle and other common Antidotes; So I would not per&s;uade any Man, to rely onely on the&s;e Medicines, and neglect the proper ones. And indeed I ob&s;erve few Phy&s;icians doe it, becau&s;e Experience has convinced them; that this Di&s;ea&s;e cannot perfectly be cured without <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and &s;uch things. Nor does it therefore follow, becau&s;e &s;ome that have been ill of an incurable Pox, could not be cured by <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> that more confidence may be put in tho&s;e other Medicines: For they that could not be cured with the&s;e proper Alexipharmacks, would much le&s;s have been cured with common ones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. They that had the Pox, were formerly &s;o tormented, that the Remedy was wor&s;e than the Di&s;ea&s;e: But now they may ea&s;ily be cured by the following Remedy, with Sweat and Salivation, though they neither be confined to their Bed nor to their Chamber. The way is this; Take of Anti|mony and <HI>Sar&s;a Parilla,</HI> each &s;ix ounces; let the An|timony be tied in a rag, and put into &s;ix gallons of water, with the <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> and 40 Nut-&s;hells and husks. Boil them to a third. Let the Patient take the De|coction thrice a day, morning, noon and night, a draught of it a good di&s;tance from meals.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 96.</NOTE> The Antimony will &s;erve four times.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Though there be &s;everal Alexipharmacks for the Pox, yet &s;ome are more efficacious than others, and one has one quality, another another, where|with we may &s;atisfie &s;ometimes one intention, &s;ome|times another: And therefore &s;eldom one of the&s;e alone, but often &s;everal of them are u&s;ed. Indeed, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be &s;imple, and none of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> be out of order, and if there be any notable intem|perature in any part, which may hinder the u&s;e of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> it is the be&s;t of all, as it re&s;i&s;ts both by occult and manife&s;t qualities. But if any other Di&s;|ea&s;e be joined with it, it is often good to add <HI>Sar|&s;a</HI> and <HI>China.</HI> Concerning Alteratives, which u&s;e to be added, we mu&s;t have a care, le&s;t by adding Ci|chory, Endive and cooling things (which are ad|ded to abate the heat of the <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> which yet need not &s;o much be feared) Sweat, which is the main thing requi&s;ite, and which does more good, than a little Heating does harm. Therefore, lay|ing the&s;e a&s;ide, to &s;ay &s;omething of mixing A|lexipharmacks, if the con&s;titution of the Patient be very hot and dry; if the humours fall impetuou&s;|ly from the Head upon the Lungs or Brea&s;t, or o|ther parts, <HI>Guaiacum</HI> cannot conveniently be given alone, becau&s;e it heats and dries the parts more, and by its heat does melt the humours and put them in motion: But then <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> is &s;afer, and <HI>China</HI> is yet more convenient, which both tempers the heat, and has an a&s;tringent virtue, whereby it &s;tops fluxions. On the contrary, if &s;trength be low, and the Eyes weak, <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> is not proper, becau&s;e it loo&s;ens the Stomach, and makes the Sight dim. If there be a great Atrophy (&s;o it have not its ri&s;e from the Pox, for then this, as being its Cau&s;e, being removed, the Leanne&s;s al&s;o cea&s;es, and the Body begins to thrive better) <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> are not &s;afe: But then <HI>China</HI> is far more beneficial, as being a thing that &s;ub&s;tantially moi&s;tens. Some commend <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> above all other things for a Con|&s;umption. Some have ventured to write of <HI>Guaia|cum,</HI> that a Decoction of it nouri&s;hes as much as Chicken-broth; but they exceed; for though it may impart &s;ome alimental Juice to the Decoction, yet no Man in his Wits will deny that there is more nutriment in a Chicken. If any upon taking it have grown more corpulent, it mu&s;t be by accident, by taking off the violence of the Pox, which hindred nutrition. So if grievous Pains infe&s;t the Patient, or if there be gummatous Tumours or great Ulcers, <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> is proper. Thus, according to the con&s;tituti|on of the Patient, and the nature of the conjunct Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;ometimes we mu&s;t u&s;e one Alexiphar|mack, &s;ometimes another; and &s;ometimes it is good to put them all in, in a greater or &s;maller quantity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t not try Evacuation by the Skin, before the Body be di&s;charged of the excrements, le&s;t there &s;hould be an attraction of more than can be evacuated by the Skin. Which if it be done, the Di&s;ea&s;e will either not be cured, or come again quickly, or grow wor&s;e. I have known &s;everal, who after Inunction and Diet-drinks have had either Pains or <HI>Exo&s;to&s;es,</HI> becau&s;e the matter was attenua|ted, melted, and drawn to the out parts, but not evacuated. Wherefore I reckon the&s;e bodies mu&s;t be much or frequently evacuated in the beginning. But if we may not evacuate &s;o much, certainly a Purge mu&s;t be given after three times Anointing, that what is di&s;&s;olved, may be evacuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Some reckon that <HI>Guaiacum</HI> be&s;t, which is white, becau&s;e the younger it is, the whiter it is; the elder it is, the blacker it is; and the elder, the drier; but what is not &s;o old, is moi&s;ter and abounds more with Juice. But &s;ince there is a twofold moi|&s;ture in living Creatures, one primigenial, the &s;ub|ject of the innate heat or &s;pirit, and apt to take flame; another alimentary, watry, and not &s;o apt to take flame, the Virtues of this Wood are not to be e&s;timated from the alimentary and watry moi|&s;ture, but from the innate heat and primigenial moi&s;ture. Which, in the fir&s;t age both in Infants and in Plants, &s;ince it is drowned in much moi|&s;ture, many actions are weak in the fir&s;t age, which afterwards, when that moi&s;ture is a little wa&s;ted, and the heat made more lively, do in the progre&s;s of their age grow &s;tronger; and this Heat, the prin|cipal In&s;trument of all actions, u&s;es to continue in full force, till the flower of their age and their <GAP DESC="foreign">. Therefore though in <HI>Guaiacum</HI> the innate heat and radical moi&s;ture be always the &s;ame, upon which its Virtues do depend; yet becau&s;e in the young Wood the virtue is drowned as it were and checkt with the abundance of moi&s;ture, the young Wood is not &s;o effectual as that which is well grown and of a confirmed age. And therefore for the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e you mu&s;t not chu&s;e the Wood that is yellowi&s;h or of a Box colour, and is either not ripe, or is cut from the boughs, and not &s;o efficacious; but the black mu&s;t rather be cho&s;en, as being the mo&s;t re&s;inous, and abounding in that fat and bal&s;amick faculty, in which the virtue which is adver&s;e to the venereal Virulence does mo&s;t re&s;ide. It is good therefore to di&s;tingui&s;h the age of this Wood,
<PB N="357" REF="184"> that the mo&s;t effectual way be taken. For that which is black within, but is cloven lengthways, as with Lines of a brown colour running round, is effectual indeed; but it is either cut from boughs of the Trees, or it is not come to full maturity, and therefore not &s;o efficacious. For the rea&s;on, why &s;uch Lines appear, is, becau&s;e the fat &s;ub&s;tance, that re&s;ides mo&s;t in the middle of the Trunk of the tree, does not yet &s;o abound as to fill all the inner parts of the Wood. But that which is all black in the in&s;ide, and white onely in the <HI>&s;uperficies,</HI> if it be &s;ound, ponderous and odoriferous, and if it vellicate the Tongue with a &s;mall acrimony, and be inter&s;ected with no Lines, or with &s;uch as are full of Re&s;in: Therefore when it burns, be&s;ide the gratefull &s;cent it has, it gives al&s;o a black Re&s;in; This, at its full maturity, is cut from the Trunk of the tree, and therefore is very effectual: But if it be full of Lines and Holes, and be good neither in &s;mell, weight, nor acrimony, nor when it is burnt, &s;weats a Re&s;in, it is a &s;ign that it is old, and its Virtues are grown dull.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>L. Septalius, lib.</HI> 7. <HI>Animadv. numero</HI> 204. repre|hends them that deny, a Decoction of the Wood may be made in Wine alone, becau&s;e nothing is fitter to extract the virtues of Medicines, than Wine it &s;elf and its Spirit. And therefore he makes a De|coction with Wine, which he u&s;es in an inveterate Pox, with an ill habit and cold matter predomi|nant. But admit Wine be very proper to extract the virtues of Vegetables; yet this cannot be de|nied, that the &s;trength of the Wine wa&s;ts in boi|ling, and when the Spirit is exhaled a nau&s;eous Phlegm, not &s;o good as &s;imple water it &s;elf, is left. I am of opinion therefore that the Wood &s;hould be boiled in Water, and towards the latter end of the decoction the Wine mu&s;t be added: Or, the Wood at lea&s;t mu&s;t be infu&s;ed a long time in the Wine, or it mu&s;t be boiled in a double ve&s;&s;el, that nothing wa&s;te; but by no means to a con&s;umption of the third part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. There is a different proportion of the Wood to the Water ob&s;erved, according to the age, con|&s;titution of body, and time of the year: And there are taken to twelve pounds of Water from three to twelve ounces of Wood. For if the &s;ea|&s;on of the year and the body be hot, it is the &s;afe&s;t to take a le&s;s quantity of Wood, and to be the lon|ger in performing the Cure with &s;afety, rather than to doe injury with a &s;trong Medicine, e&s;peci|ally the fir&s;t days of the Cure, and before the &s;u|perfluous humours be abated, and the Sweat be|gin to come with ea&s;e, and the Patient be u&s;ed to the Decoction. And <HI>Eu&s;tachius Rhudius, lib. de Morbis occultis, cap.</HI> 13. writes, that he has &s;een Patients, who through this errour, to wit, giving too great a quantity of the Wood the fir&s;t days, have fallen into a Fever, that afterwards they have been forced to ab&s;tain from the Decoction, to their great da|mage.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Fallopius, lib. de Lue, cap.</HI> 46. reprehends them that reckon a Decoction made <HI>in Balneo Mariae</HI> is too dilute and weak. And that a Decoction <HI>in Balneo</HI> is better than that which is made in an open fire, he endeavours to prove by in&s;tancing in di&s;tilled Wa|ters, which are made very good <HI>in Balneo,</HI> &s;eeing there is no adu&s;tion in &s;uch, but the greater eliqua|tion, which is made in heat and moi&s;ture, makes the decoction more excellent. But Experience tea|ches a quite contrary thing to what Rea&s;on proves: For though the be&s;t Waters may be made <HI>in Balneo</HI> of &s;ome moi&s;t Plants, as Ro&s;es, Violets, Lily Con|val, and the like, when they are fre&s;h (who&s;e vir|tue con&s;i&s;ts in a volatile Salt) without putting any Water to them; yet in hotter Plants, e&s;pecially Roots and Woods, who&s;e virtue con&s;i&s;ts in the oily part, their virtue can never be got out by the too gentle heat of a <HI>balneum.</HI> The ca&s;e is the &s;ame in ma|ny Seeds; But it is nece&s;&s;ary to di&s;till by a Copper, by which, with the vehicle of the waters, the more fixt parts are elevated. Since therefore all the virtue of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> con&s;i&s;ts in that oily and re&s;i|nous part, and &s;ince &s;trong boiling is required to get it out, the gentle heat of a <HI>balneum</HI> dannot doe it, but boiling in an open fire is requi&s;ite, which neverthele&s;s, if there be a convenient quantity of water put to it, cau&s;es no adu&s;tion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>A. Minodaus, lib. de Lue, c.</HI> 4. judges the De|coction mu&s;t be &s;weetned e&s;pecially with Honey; for he thinks that a &s;mall quantity of Honey, if it be boiled with it and &s;cummed, does take away the bitterne&s;s; and that the Decoction acquires a greater virtue in ab&s;terging, attenuating, opening and melting the humours and &s;trengthning the parts. Which as we allow to have place in phlegmatick bodies: So, &s;ince Honey ea&s;ily turns to choler in cholerick bodies, we reckon it cannot &s;afely be u&s;ed in hot and dry ones; but we reckon Rai&s;ins, Liquo|rice or Sugar may more conveniently and &s;afely be added, for the ta&s;t's &s;ake, and that the bitterne&s;s and acrimony may be taken off, we may put them in towards the latter end of the Decoction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Some for &s;uch as have a hot and dry Liver, do, towards the latter end of the Decoction, add a root or two, or a handfull or two of Cichory, Endive or Sow-thi&s;tle. But &s;ince &s;uch Decoctions mu&s;t be continued a long time, we mu&s;t have a care le&s;t by addition of &s;uch things they be rendred in|gratefull and loath&s;ome to the Patient. Again, &s;eeing enough Decoction is made at one time, to &s;erve for &s;everal days, and becau&s;e the putting in of &s;uch Herbs makes it wor&s;e to keep, to prevent this, we mu&s;t not put the&s;e Herbs to all the De|coction, but onely to about one pound at a time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. The Extract of the Wood in <HI>Saxonia</HI>'s judg|ment, is not &s;trong enough to cure an old and &s;trong Di&s;ea&s;e; but the Decoction is de&s;ervedly prefer|red before it. However, if any one have a mind to u&s;e it, it is nece&s;&s;ary to take &s;ome liquour after it, by which vehicle the Extract may be di&s;tributed all over the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Chymi&s;ts fearing le&s;t by a long Decoction, which is made to half or to a third part, the &s;piri|tuous and &s;ubtile parts &s;hould exhale and be di&s;&s;i|pated, and &s;o the virtue of the Medicine &s;hould be dimini&s;hed, they put &s;ome du&s;t of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> in a re|tort, they pour to it a &s;ufficient quantity of Water, and &s;et the retort in a&s;hes, they fit a receiver, then they put fire under it, fir&s;t dige&s;t it, and then they di&s;till it, to a con&s;umption of half of the Water. Four ounces of the di&s;tilled Water are given. But it is the be&s;t way, to put the di&s;tilled Water again to the re&s;t of the Decoction in the retort: For &s;o all the virtue may be got out. Upon the Decoction remaining in the retort, new Water may be pou|red, and dige&s;ted for twelve hours, and afterwards may be di&s;tilled; and the di&s;tilled liquour may be given in&s;tead of drink. And becau&s;e &s;ometimes it happens, that Children are born with the Pox, or infected by the Nur&s;es, this Di&s;tillation, &s;weetned with Sugar, may be given them for a Julep.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. If any Herbs have been added to the fir&s;t Decoction, the &s;econdary Decoction mu&s;t not be made of its Remainders, becau&s;e it would be loath|&s;ome; but it mu&s;t be made more dilute and fre&s;h. Some al&s;o towards the latter end of the Decoction add a fifth part Wine; And <HI>Fallopius</HI> thinks this &s;hould not be done onely when the Patient goes abroad, or his Stomach is weak, e&s;pecially if the Decocti|on be made of <HI>Sar&s;a.</HI> But though &s;ome make a &s;e|cond Decoction of <HI>China,</HI> yet <HI>Palmarius</HI> thinks it gives its virtue at the fir&s;t Decoction; yea, &s;ome give the fir&s;t Decoction at Dinner and Supper; be|cau&s;e it is not ingratefull to the Palate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Some utterly reject Purgatives in the De|coctions, and maintain that they &s;hould neither be put in a Decoction, nor u&s;ed &s;eparately from it; becau&s;e Peoples Bodies u&s;e to be well purged, be|fore
<PB N="358" REF="185"> they come to the taking of the Decoction. 2. Becau&s;e Purgatives and Sudorificks cau&s;e contra|ry motions. Others would have them mixt, that the Belly may be conveniently kept loo&s;e, and the Bloud be clean&s;ed. Others will not have them mixt, but will have a Purge to be given once in eight or ten days, which is be&s;t. For although the body be pur|ged before the taking the&s;e things, yet &s;omething may ea&s;ily remain, and now and then be gathered anew. And Sweat onely carries off the thinner mat|ter, but leaves the thick. Nor this way are con|trary motions made, for that day a Purge is taken, no Sudorifick is given.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Though all we Practitioners u&s;e the Qua|ternion of exotick Medicines (<HI>China, Sar&s;a parilla, Guaiacum</HI> and <HI>Saffafras</HI>) yet there are not wanting with us both Roots, Woods and Barks, which are able to perform the &s;ame as powerfully, ea&s;ily, &s;afely and plea&s;antly as the&s;e Exoticks, which are now and then deprived partly of their virtues and exolete. And our Country Drugs are &s;uch as the&s;e; Roots of Prickly Bindweed, Roots of Butter-bur, Bark and Wood of Juniper together with its Berries, Oak|wood, and &s;everal &s;uch things. Certainly Exoticks are not to be de&s;pi&s;ed, nor home-bred things to be neglected: becau&s;e, as they are bred in our Soil, &s;o they have the greater affinity with our bodies; and are ob&s;erved to operate more kindly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> yea, and more effectually upon the &s;ame, than Exoticks.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. The be&s;t way of taking aromatick Decocti|ons, and other Medicines, that temper the acid Spi|rit, is to take them often in a day, and in a &s;mall quantity, that they may introduce a gradual, and therefore a more laudable change and amendment into the bloud: For every &s;udden alteration, e&s;peci|ally if it be great, is dangerous. Nay, we may, and with advantage, mix the &s;ame Alteratives with their Food, and give the &s;aid Decoctions both at Dinner and Supper, in&s;tead of other Drink, to the end, that being mixt with the Food, they may together with the Chyle, which they make much better, be more ea&s;ily, kindly and profitably mixt with the Bloud, and amend it in&s;en&s;ibly: As I have often found it, to the Patient's great benefit, when I have done this in the Pox,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</NOTE> and in other Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="20">XX. That we may &s;weat with more &s;ucce&s;s, we mu&s;t take notice that the &s;ame Decoctions, which were given before onely for the alteration of the humours, if Sweat mu&s;t be procured, mu&s;t either be given in a larger quantity, or they mu&s;t be made &s;tronger. Let them be taken therefore in a double or treble quantity; and either at once, or at &s;everal times, but at &s;hort intervals, <HI>i. e.</HI> within half an hour. For &s;o, when not onely the &s;trength of the Sudori|ficks is increa&s;ed, but the liquour it &s;elf al&s;o is augmented, the eruption of Sweat will be promo|ted. But if it be irk&s;ome to the Patient to take a great quantity and often, the &s;ame Decoction may be made &s;tronger; which may be done, if le&s;s li|quour be put to it, and if it be boiled a little lon|ger. For by long boiling more virtue is got out of Plants, and e&s;pecially out of &s;olid Woods, which give their virtues but &s;lowly. It is known more|over, that a Decoction of any thing is made thin and weak with much water, but thick and &s;trong with a little water.</P>
<P>It conduces al&s;o much towards promoting of Sweat, if the Decoction be given hot: For all &s;orts of Medicines penetrate far &s;ooner and more pow|erfully hot than cold or but warm. Be&s;ides, the Heat of a hot Decoction di&s;&s;olves the vi&s;cid Phlegm in the body, and tempers the acid Humours, which mu&s;t in this Di&s;ea&s;e be conquered and expelled.</P>
<P>But it is good, that be&s;ides the body be di&s;po&s;ed to bear Sweating the better, either by compo&s;ing the body in bed, and covering it with clothes, or by going into a Stove; or by running, or any other violent motion of the body: For as the&s;e alone u&s;e to cau&s;e Sweat; &s;o they cannot chu&s;e but pro|mote it; yea, when it comes &s;lowly, it is good to take hot broth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. The&s;e &s;udorifick Decoctions work al&s;o in many by Urine, e&s;pecially when Diureticks are ta|ken with them. Diureticks are more conveniently taken with them, if tho&s;e they call the Opening Roots, or other parts of Diuretick Plants, Berries, Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be boiled with the Sudorificks. For then Sweat and Urine may be promoted at once. And I think no man need fear, that the operation of the one Medicine will hinder the other, &s;ince mo&s;t reckon either Medicine will an&s;wer both Indicati|ons: For Sudorificks do in &s;ome mea&s;ure provoke Urine, and Diureticks al&s;o promote Sweat. There|fore I have no rea&s;on to &s;cruple Diureticks in the Cure of the Pox, &s;ince there is no difficulty in the ca&s;e. The Phy&s;ician ought carefully to ob&s;erve, whether the Patient, upon taking diuretick or &s;u|dorifick Decoctions, incline more to Sweat or U|rine, to the end, that evacuation may be mo&s;t pro|moted, which is the ea&s;ie&s;t to the Patient, and from which mo&s;t benefit may be expected. When|ever therefore we ob&s;erve a Patient &s;weats with difficulty, but does void abundance of thick Urine, with a full and laudable Sediment, it is not good to force &s;uch an one to &s;weat, but to expect the chief Cure, from expul&s;ion of Urine onely. And it would not be ami&s;s in &s;uch a ca&s;e to increa&s;e the quantity of Diureticks in the Decoction, or for the Patient now and then to take a Decoction of Diureticks a|lone. For the pituitous humour, when it is con|veniently &s;evered from the re&s;t of the bloud, ei|ther in the Kidneys, or in the Heart, the efferve|&s;cence in its right ventricle being amended, is &s;uc|ce&s;sfully di&s;charged with the Urine, and pa&s;&s;es more ea&s;ily that way than by Sweat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Concerning the Decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a parilla</HI> we mu&s;t take notice, that they who care not to &s;pare co&s;t, and could have the Decoction efficaci|ous, do onely take the Bark, as being the mo&s;t efficacious part of the Root, and throw away the inner Pith, as le&s;s effectual; yea, &s;ome reckon it is cold and a little a&s;tringent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. When <HI>China</HI> Root fir&s;t came to be known, many preferred it before <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> but Experience afterwards abated its fame; And <HI>Palmarius</HI> writes, <HI>c.</HI> 14. that many to their great prejudice preferred this Root before <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> and that he found by Ex|perience, that with a very &s;pare Diet it was inef|fectual for the Pox. And oftentimes the Stomach grows &s;o moi&s;t, and the innate Heat is &s;o oppre&s;t with the Decoction of it, that a grievous Lientery, and a great Crudity often follows, in whom the innate Heat was but weakly. He writes moreover, that it cau&s;es the pleen to &s;well and grow hard in them that u&s;e it long. And he will not al&s;o allow it any extraordinary occult quality again&s;t the Pox: Becau&s;e after taking of it, they frequently relap&s;e, who have thought them&s;elves well cured. And <HI>Fal|lopius</HI> confirms it, who writes, that he had u&s;ed this Root three or four times for the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e, and could doe no good with it. And if perhaps &s;ome one, who could neither be cured by a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> nor by anointing with Quick|&s;ilver, recovered his health by a Decoction of <HI>China. Palmarius</HI> thinks this to have been the rea&s;on, That Nature delights in variety of Medicines, and being tired out with &s;trong things, was at la&s;t relieved by weaker.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Some advi&s;e, not to make more of the Decoction at once than can be taken in one day, becau&s;e when it is cold it ea&s;ily grows &s;owre: And therefore they order it to be kept on hot Embers, But Experience has &s;hewn us, that it will la&s;t four days. Yet, whenas it grows &s;owre, that very thing argues, the root has &s;omething &s;pirituous and ali|mentarious in it, which is the cau&s;e of fermenta|tion, and thereby of the Sowrene&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25"><PB N="359" REF="185">XXV. Be&s;ides Sudorificks and Diureticks, Purga|tives al&s;o mu&s;t be u&s;ed in the kindly Cure of the Pox, which mu&s;t be Phlegmagogues; and here Experience does not a little confirm my opinion, as well as the con&s;ent of all Practitioners, which among the common things gives the preheminence to Pulp of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> and among Chymical things to Mercurial Medicines. Now the&s;e things are inten|ded chiefly to evacuate a pituitous vi&s;cid humour. Therefore we did not conclude much ami&s;s, that the Venereal Poi&s;on was mixt with vi&s;cid Phlegm, and that Phlegm did both produce and increa&s;e it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and is now conveniently evacuated with it; but it mu&s;t fir&s;t be a little corrected.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> I &s;ay, and mo&s;t Medicines made of <HI>Mercury</HI> are very proper both for a pituitous vi|&s;cid humour, and for curing the Pox, as all expe|rienced and learned Phy&s;icians agree. To &s;uch as like common Medicines be&s;t, I recommend the ta|king of Pulp of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> boiled in part of the Sudorifick Decoction, or in &s;ome other Apozeme, twice or thrice a week, to carry off by &s;tool the gro&s;s and vi&s;cid humours which are not fit to be expelled by Sweat through the Pores of the Body. For be&s;ides, that pituitous humours blended with the ma&s;s of Bloud, are very difficultly thrown off by Sweat through the Pores of the Body, moreover much Phlegm is di&s;charged with the Spittle and the Pancreatick juice to the Guts: wherefore it is bet|ter to carry it off once or twice a week by &s;tool, than by the continual taking of Sudorificks onely to carry it back to the Bloud, and &s;o to render the Cure both more tedious and difficult.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. They that have no mind to take a De|coction of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> becau&s;e of its bitterne&s;s, may take Trochi&s;cs of <HI>Alhandal,</HI> which are made of it, in Pills, adding things that may incide and car|ry off the &s;ame Phlegm, e&s;pecially Gum, <HI>Galbanum, Sagapenum, Opoponax,</HI> Ammoniack, <HI>Bdellium,</HI> Ma&s;tick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I have often pre&s;cribed &s;uch Pills for tho&s;e that were &s;ick in the Ho&s;pital.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The Phlegmatick humour which is pec|cant in the Pox may be evacuated indeed by <HI>Colo|quintida</HI> alone, but this may be done far more &s;uc|ce&s;sfully and ea&s;ily, if Mercurial Medicines be joi|ned with it, or if they be u&s;ed alone: for Mercu|rial Medicines u&s;e to work far more kindly and powerfully than all common Medicines. There|fore Medicines of <HI>Mercury,</HI> made both by &s;ublimati|on and precipitation, are de&s;ervedly commended both in purging of vi&s;cid Phlegm, and e&s;pecially in curing the Pox. There are two Sublimates, one they call <HI>corro&s;ivum,</HI> the other <HI>dulce.</HI> Letting the for|mer alone, becau&s;e of its great acrimony, and great danger of future mi&s;chief, leaving that to ra&s;h Peo|ple, I mu&s;t recommend to every Man <HI>Mercurius &s;ub|limatus dulcis,</HI> which is made of the fore&s;aid Corro|&s;ive, mixt with crude <HI>Mercury,</HI> and &s;o &s;ublimed to|gether, after which it ari&s;es gentle and &s;weet, and not corro&s;ive any more.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Be&s;ide the &s;aid <HI>Mercurius &s;ublimatus,</HI> as well <HI>corro&s;ivus</HI> as <HI>dulcis,</HI> many &s;orts of <HI>Mercurii praecipitati</HI> are commended, which as they differ in colour, &s;o they do in virtue and manner of operation, whil&s;t &s;ome work by &s;tool, others by vomit or &s;alivation. There|fore we mu&s;t &s;ometimes u&s;e one, &s;ometimes another, as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion. All of them may be u&s;ed mo&s;t commodiou&s;ly in form of Pills, le&s;t Salivation &s;hould be rai&s;ed before it be required. And where|as here we commend Precipitate for Phlegm, in|fected with the Poi&s;on of the Pox, when we would purge it by &s;tool, you mu&s;t know, that the mo&s;t fixt is the propere&s;t for this end. For the more fixt <HI>Mercurius praecipitatus</HI> is, the le&s;s it vomits or &s;alivates, and on the contrary. And among all the Precipi|tates the <HI>Corallinus</HI> is mo&s;t commended, which has its name from the elegance of its colour, and is made by ab&s;traction of the acid &s;pirit &s;everal times repea|ted. Such a <HI>Mercury</HI> therefore variou&s;ly prepared, and made choice of according to the occa&s;ion, <HI>i. e.</HI> the different con&s;titution of the Patient, and the various humours found in him, we mu&s;t u&s;e for era|dicating of the Pox.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. And we mu&s;t continue &s;o long in taking of Mercurial Medicines, till all the primary Symptoms of the Pox be taken away by means thereof. But we mu&s;t have e&s;pecial care that we give them not in too great a quantity; it is be&s;t to take them in a &s;mall quantity and often, le&s;t by &s;tirring the humours too violently they doe more harm than good. For Mercurial Medicines have a &s;trange effect beyond all others; becau&s;e others u&s;ually doe their bu&s;ine&s;s quickly: But Mercurials are &s;low in beginning their operations, and long in continuing them, and can|not always either ea&s;ily or &s;afely be &s;topt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. But the great danger Patients are in from Mercurial Medicines is Salivation, which they ea&s;i|ly cau&s;e both in purging and vomiting, whereby the Patients are in great danger of &s;uffocation, when the Glands about the Throat are &s;welled with vi|&s;cid Phlegm. Prudence therefore is nece&s;&s;ary in admini&s;tration of Mercurial Medicines, which con|&s;i&s;ts e&s;pecially in a gentle u&s;e of them, and an accu|rate ob&s;ervation of the di&s;turbance which they cau&s;e in the Body, before they &s;trongly purge the hu|mours. Mercurial Medicines, I &s;ay, u&s;e, above all others, to make &s;ome &s;ingular alteration both a|bout the Region of the Loins, and about the Gums, Cheeks and Throat, and to give certain &s;igns of their following operations. When therefore the Phy&s;ician hears his Patients complain, after taking Mercurial Medicines, of any trouble about the fore&s;aid parts, he mu&s;t then carefully ob&s;erve, whe|ther any evacuation be begun, and whether reaching or any other irritation do promi&s;e a &s;peedy evacua|tion. Which u&s;es therefore to proceed more &s;lowly, becau&s;e the <HI>Mercury</HI> is taken up in conquering a pitui|tous and vi&s;cid humour, which mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved be|fore it be expelled. As long therefore as the agita|tion of the humours proceeds, or increa&s;es, &s;o long mu&s;t we ab&s;tain from giving any more Mercurial Medicines, nor mu&s;t we give any thing more than a little Broth, or &s;ome convenient Decoction, by means whereof the vi&s;cid humour may more ea&s;ily be di&s;&s;olved, and &s;o the operation of the Mercuri|al Medicine may be holpen. A proper Decoction for this end may be made of Hidroticks and Diure|ticks, whether it be taken weak, and onely to alter the humour; or &s;tronger, to cau&s;e Sweat; or that be preferred, which al&s;o evacuates by &s;tool, to the end, the humours that are di&s;turbed, and inclined to evacuation by the <HI>Mercury,</HI> may be carried more downwards, and le&s;s upwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> is almo&s;t a Divine Remedy, in regard of its &s;peedy curing and relieving the Sick, which, when it is well prepared, may be given once in two or three days, with 8 drachms of Lenitive Electuary, for thirty, or, if need be, for forty days together; about twelve grains of it purge a &s;trong Man well, and without any Pain or Salivation. Yet, le&s;t any thing malignant might &s;tick to the Guts, letting alone other Medicines, they mu&s;t be clean&s;ed every week with <HI>Mel ro&s;arum &s;oluti|vum,</HI> and a Decoction of Tamarinds in Cichory wa|ter, with Citron Seeds: For &s;o I remember &s;eve|ral, &s;etting a&s;ide the Decoction of the Wood, ex|cept the &s;econd, de&s;igned for drinking con&s;tantly, have without long and tedious Sweating perfectly recovered, and after that have had very healthy Children. In <HI>Riverius, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 95. a Boy of two years of age, when the Decoction of the Wood would doe no good, was cured by giving him 8 grains of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> dextrou&s;ly, of a Pox which he had got from the Nur&s;e. Another, that was born of an infected Woman, by taking two or three grains of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> with Sugar and Milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 84.</NOTE> the fifteenth day after he was born for a Month, as <HI>Formius</HI> &s;ays in <HI>Riverius, ob&s;.</HI> 26.</P>
<P N="33"><PB N="360" REF="186">XXXIII. <HI>N.</HI> about 21 years old, a common Whore, was at length pu&s;tulous all over her Body, and mo&s;t horribly afflicted with <HI>Rhagades</HI> and <HI>Condylomata,</HI> which were exulcerated, about her ob&s;cene parts. While therefore I was thinking of a de&s;perate Cure for a de&s;perate Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> offered it &s;elf, with which, for Purgings &s;ake, &s;he began the twelfth day of <HI>November,</HI> 1625. in this manner; Take of <HI>Mer|curius vitae</HI> 8 grains, with mucilage of Tragacanth make a Pill, after taking of which &s;he had many &s;tools, much matter &s;till remaining, but without any trouble; for which rea&s;on the &s;ame Do&s;e was given her <HI>Novemb.</HI> 13. and it onely wrought four times. The Do&s;e was increa&s;ed on the 14th, to half a &s;cruple, it was made into two Pills, and it pur|ged her &s;ix times. She having in this manner been pretty well purged, took a Sudorifick Decoction e|very day twice, with twelve grains of <HI>Sulphur aura|tum diaphoreticum</HI> for four days: In the la&s;t days a cau|&s;tick Mercurial water was applied. <HI>Nov.</HI> 19. The Purge was repeated with eleven grains of <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> which wrought moderately. <HI>Nov.</HI> 20. The &s;udorifick Decoction, with an addition of <HI>Sulphur au|ratum diaphoreticum</HI> was repeated. <HI>Nov.</HI> 22. She took twelve grains of <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> to purge her, it wrought moderately. <HI>Nov.</HI> 23. She &s;weat again. <HI>Nov.</HI> 24. She took twelve grains of <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> a|gain, and it wrought &s;ix times. <HI>Nov.</HI> 25. The cau|&s;tick Water was applied again to her ob&s;cene parts and other places, where there were deep and foul Exulcerations. <HI>Novemb.</HI> 26. She purged with this; Take of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> half a &s;cruple, <HI>Diagridium</HI> half a &s;cruple; make it up with Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es. On <HI>Nov.</HI> 27, 28, 29, 30. <HI>Decemb.</HI> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The &s;udorifick Decoction with the <HI>Sulphur auratum</HI> was continued. On <HI>Decemb.</HI> 10. She was purged with this following; Take of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> 1 &s;cruple and an half, <HI>Diagridium</HI> 10 grains; it wrought &s;eve|ral times. <HI>Decemb.</HI> 16. She took nothing. On the 17th &s;he repeated the former Do&s;e of <HI>Mercurius vitae;</HI> it wrought. On the 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25th days, Nature re&s;ted her &s;elf, and &s;he &s;eemed perfectly well. But to be &s;ure, on <HI>Decemb.</HI> 24. &s;he repeated the twelve grains of <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> and it wrought onely thrice. On the 27th the &s;ame Medi|cine repeated gave onely one &s;tool. On the 30th &s;he found no operation from it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> and &s;o &s;he was per|fectly cured of a mo&s;t grievous Pox.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Some after univer&s;al Purging cure the Di&s;ea&s;e with the&s;e following Pills; Take of Rheu|barb 10 ounces (10 drachms) Scammony 3 drachms: Mix them, pouring on Juice or Syrup of Lemons, of Quick&s;ilver tied up in a cloth, &s;o that it may run out in very &s;mall grains, 2 ounces and 6 drachms, and may be well killed with the &s;ame Juice, and when it is well killed and mixt by often pouring on &s;ome of the &s;ame Syrup or Juice, add of Wheat|flower 2 drachms, Musk 1 drachm. Make 5 Pills of a drachm, and gild them well; for, according to <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> Gold does admirably correct Quick&s;il|ver. Let him take one every day before Dinner, and take them for thirty days. In the mean time, let him take no other Medicine, neither purgative nor applicatory; But let him onely drink twice a week 1 ounce of Fenil-water, and half an ounce of <HI>Aqua vitae.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmeteus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Though in giving a Vomit for the Cure of the Pox I &s;hould not think divers Medicines made of Antimony improper; yet I think they cannot be compared with Mercurial ones, if you do but ex|cept <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> which is truly an Antimonial Me|dicine: for it may ea&s;ily be reduced to a <HI>Regulus</HI> by melting it onely with Sulphur. Unle&s;s therefore you have a mind to give a Vomit of <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> which is an excellent Medicine for the Pox, you may u&s;e divers Medicines made of <HI>Mercury</HI> it &s;elf, the Precipitates and Sublimates before mentioned. A|mong the former the le&s;s fixt are to be preferred: Among the latter Corro&s;ive is &s;tronge&s;t and mo&s;t ef|ficacious, but it is certainly very dangerous. And Precipitates that are le&s;s fixt do oftener cau&s;e Vo|mit, than <HI>Sublimatum dulce,</HI> they therefore mu&s;t be preferred al&s;o. In the legitimate u&s;e of all which things, we mu&s;t have a carefull regard to the pecu|liar con&s;titution of every &s;ick per&s;on, and the diffe|rent operations of Mercurial Medicines con&s;equent to that.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. I know, and that by experience, that not onely the Decoctions of Roots, Barks and Woods, e&s;pecially the Aromatick, are good for correcting the peccant Acidity in the Pox, but their lixivial Salts al&s;o, and e&s;pecially the volatile, which I recommend to all that practi&s;e Phy&s;ick as things that are good to correct vi&s;cid Phlegm, which is peccant in the Pox.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Since I think I have proved and abun|dantly evinced, that the Venereal Poi&s;on con&s;i&s;ts in an acid &s;pirit, but very &s;harp, mixt with the ma&s;s of bloud, and as well infecting it as the re&s;t of the humours that are bred of it; it is manife&s;t that the general Cure of the Pox con&s;i&s;ts in the correction of the acid and &s;harp &s;pirit. And, becau&s;e it is wholly preternatural, in the expul&s;ion of it. The correction and amendment of the &s;harp Acid may be performed by all things that temper an acid Acrimo|ny, as well &s;imple as compound. Among Simples I reckon, 1. Spirituous, volatile things, Spirit of Wine, of Grain, and any other got by di&s;tillation after a due fermentation of the mixture. 2. All oi|ly and fat things, as Oil of Fruits and Seeds, by ex|pre&s;&s;ion, Fat of various Creatures. 3. Lixivial fixt Salts, of the a&s;hes of things burnt, e&s;pecially of Plants. To which if any will, 4. add watry things, he may for me, though they do not &s;o much temper as they dilute an acid Spirit; in which re&s;pect they do conduce, when joined with the three things a|fore&s;aid, and they notably infringe the &s;trength of the Acid. Among the more compound things are reckoned, 1. Volatile Salts, ari&s;ing from a lixivial fixt Salt, and a volatile Spirit, joined either by Art or Nature, &s;uch as the volatile Salt of Hart&s;horn, Urine, of which &s;ort is the Spirit of Sal Ammoni|ack, <HI>Sal Tartari volatile,</HI> &amp;c. 2. Hither are refer|red all aromatick Oils ari&s;ing of a lixivial but vo|latile Salt, and Oil, <HI>e. g.</HI> Oil of Amber, Hart&s;horn, Ani&s;eed, Cinnamon, Mace, Cloves, Majoran, Ro&s;e|mary, <HI>&amp;c. Galbanum,</HI> Myrrhe, Ma&s;tick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. Hi|ther belong aromatick Apozemes, made of the aro|matick part of Plants e&s;pecially, boiled with Water, Beer, or Wine, &s;uch as we frequently u&s;e in the Cure of the Pox. 4. Aromatick Tinctures extrac|ted from the aromatick parts of Plants by Spirit of Wine, whether by Infu&s;ion onely, or Decoction, or Di&s;tillation. 5. To compound Medicines, which temper the acid Spirit, every Soap may be reduced, made of a lixivial Salt di&s;&s;olved in Water, and Oil or Fat, by long decoction, which admirably tem|pers the acid humours, upon account of both In|gredients, e&s;pecially if it be aptly joined with other liquours, Milk, to wit, and &s;uch things. 6. Hi|ther refer Emul&s;ions made of Water and of the &s;o|luble, oily part of Seeds. Of all which Medicines for the Cure of the Pox, the mo&s;t in u&s;e are De|coctions of two Roots and of &s;o many Woods, <HI>Chi|na, Sar&s;a parilla, Guaiacum</HI> and <HI>Saffafras;</HI> to which, both for gratefulne&s;s, and for amending the conco|mitant &s;ymptoms and humours, &s;everal things u&s;e to be added. The Roots indeed temper the acid humour more weakly, the Woods more &s;trongly. Which Woods moreover do yet effectually correct the pitu|itous humour (with which the venereal Poi&s;on min|gles and in&s;inuates it &s;elf, offending in its too great acidity, which augments it in the body, and makes it more vi&s;cid) and &s;o al&s;o promote the Cure of the Pox; for daily experience makes it appear, that they are longe&s;t and mo&s;t difficult in curing, in whom a very vi&s;cid pituitous humour, known by the name of the melancholick humour, has praedominance.
<PB N="361" REF="186"> And we mu&s;t per&s;evere &s;o long in the u&s;e of Altera|tives, and of things that as well temper the &s;harp acid humour, as correct the pituitous and vi&s;cid, when they are found to concurr, till you ob&s;erve them reduced to a good and laudable &s;tate, by the functions once being hurt, and now re&s;tored: For then, if too great &s;tore of them be ob&s;erved in the Body, they mu&s;t be carried off and evacuated by proper ways and Medicines. The proper ways for evacuating pituitous and &s;erous humours, are the Mouth, whether it be by Vomit or Salivation; and the Belly, by purging downwards; and the urina|ry Bladder, by Diureticks; and the Pores of the Skin, by Sudorificks. It is the &s;afe&s;t indeed, the plea&s;ante&s;t and gentle&s;t way, to cure the Pox by e|vacuating the peccant humours with Sudorificks, Diureticks, and things that purge downwards; And it is done &s;ooner, but more difficultly, by Salivati|on, and &s;ometimes Vomiting, becau&s;e it is apt al|&s;o to promote Salivation: And becau&s;e a Cure can|not always be obtained onely by Sudorificks, Diu|reticks, and things that purge downwards; &s;ome|times,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> yea often, we are forced to have recour&s;e to Salivation, both alone, and joined with the others.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. When the Patient has &s;weat eight days, that the humours may be attenuated, and the body made clean, I reckon nothing is a more pre&s;ent Re|medy than anointing with Quick&s;ilver. For by the u&s;e of this alone I have ob&s;erved all to recover; without any danger; yet, &s;topping the violence of the humours towards the Jaws, in the fore&s;aid man|ner. And this method of Cure is &s;afe, if admini|&s;tred by the skilled in the Art, who mu&s;t pre&s;cribe things accommodate to the &s;upervening Symptoms, ero&s;ion of the Gums, &s;welling of the Tongue and Lips, loo&s;ne&s;s of the Teeth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which are grievous, yet not to be feared, not one Man (I call God to witne&s;s) of many that I have fluxed, dying under Cure. But all of them recovered of the mo&s;t perti|nacious Pox; the taking of the Decoction a third or fourth cour&s;e being in vain. But when the Spit|ting cea&s;es, and the Strength is recruited, I reckon, the &s;ame Decoction mu&s;t be repeated, for about ten days with Sweat, that all may be evacuated, what|ever corrupt humours are remaining in the body af|ter fluxing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus, <HI>cent.</HI> 4. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 90.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Before Unguents are pre&s;cribed, we mu&s;t diligently con&s;ider, whether the Di&s;ea&s;e be in the Skin, Fle&s;h, Bones, <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI> or in the Head, Ribs, Legs or Arms. For if it be in the Skin, it will cau&s;e Ulcers or Bli&s;ters, or Chapping of the Hands, or Efflore&s;cence of the Skin: If under the Skin, Falling of the Hair: If under the <HI>Perio&s;te|um,</HI> Pains in the Limbs: If in the Bones, <HI>Exo&s;to&s;es.</HI> Then the con&s;i&s;tency of the humour mu&s;t be con&s;i|dered, whether it be thin or thick: For a thin one buds out in the Skin; a thick one lies under the Skin, the <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI> or in the Bone. Then we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether the humour has corrupted the &s;ub&s;tance of any part, whether it have made an Ul|cer in the Fle&s;h, or a <HI>Caries</HI> in the Bone. For, ac|cording to the difference of the&s;e, divers Unguents mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed: For they that cure Ulcers and the Scab, mu&s;t be gentle, but dry: Things that cure Pain, mu&s;t be hot and more relaxing: Things that cure <HI>Exo&s;to&s;es,</HI> mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olving and drying. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that we mu&s;t u&s;e Unguents a long time: for fir&s;t, all the &s;ound parts mu&s;t be anointed, that the humours may be drawn thither: But in the declination, onely the parts affected, that what|ever is gathered in the Part may be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed exact|ly. And they mu&s;t be anointed a long time, that the humour, which lies in deep, may by degrees be mel|ted and attracted, and the thick may be evacuated with the thin: Which few at this day doe, and hence it is, that u&s;ually after the u&s;e of Remedies, the Di&s;ea&s;e appears greater, or returns; or that which did not appear before, does then &s;hew it &s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. Decoctions of the Wood, <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> and <HI>China</HI> mu&s;t fir&s;t be tried, e&s;pecially when the Di&s;ea&s;e is not much confirmed: For I cannot commend the Prac|tice of &s;ome Phy&s;icians, who immediately after pur|ging the Body fall to anointing with <HI>Mercury.</HI> But I am not well plea&s;ed with this Practice, for it is empirical enough, and void of all rea&s;on; and full of a thou&s;and dangers. I tried it &s;ometimes in a Country fellow or two, who were impatient, and de&s;ired pre&s;ently to be cured. One of them could not endure to take Decoctions, and he e&s;caped Flux|ing with much difficulty, &s;everal Symptoms &s;uper|vening upon it; yet his body was well purged be|fore, and he drank the decoction of the Wood and <HI>Sar&s;a,</HI> as well as he could, even in the time of Flux|ing. Wherefore, as I &s;aid, we mu&s;t not in this Di&s;|ea&s;e pre&s;ently proceed to anointing, much le&s;s to fuming, but never, unle&s;s on urgent nece&s;&s;ity, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is extreme, when other Reme|dies have been tried, and have done no good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ep. Ferdi|nandus, <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 17.</NOTE> and when there is no <HI>contra-indicant.</HI></P>
<P N="41">XLI. We do not without rea&s;on commend crude <HI>Mercury,</HI> mixt with Hog's-Lard, and rubbed out|wardly on the Joints, becau&s;e it di&s;&s;olves the Phlegm all the body over, and then carries it to the conglomerated &s;alival and pancreatick Glands, and cau&s;es both a Salivation and &s;ometimes Reaching and Vomiting, and a Loo&s;ne&s;s. And becau&s;e the acid Spirit meeting with the Phlegm ea&s;ily unites and joins it &s;elf with it in the Body, they are evacuated and di&s;charged the Body together, and the Pox is cured at one and the &s;ame time. And be&s;ides Phlegm occurring in humane Bodies, perhaps there is no|thing without it, with which the acid Spirit does more intimately and ea&s;ily mix it &s;elf with all its might, than <HI>Mercury</HI> it &s;elf. No wonder therefore, when an acid Spirit is naturally mixt with Phlegm according to its very con&s;titution, if preternatural|ly the &s;ame acid Spirit be mixt with it more plen|tifully and ea&s;ily, whenever it abounds in the Bo|dy. But neither al&s;o is it any wonder, if by rea&s;on of the &s;ame acid Spirit's being both naturally and preternaturally mixt with the Phlegm, <HI>Mercury</HI> it &s;elf ea&s;ily mixes with the &s;ame Phlegm, upon which the acid Spirit does pre&s;ently exert its power, and by uniting it &s;elf therewith, does in like manner join it &s;elf with the Phlegm mixt with it. And, I think, this is the rea&s;on why <HI>Mercury</HI> does good in curing the Pox. And the &s;ame <HI>Mercury</HI> provokes a Ptyali&s;m, becau&s;e mingling it &s;elf with the pitui|tous part of the Bloud, <HI>i. e.</HI> the &s;alival matter, it pa&s;&s;es together with the <HI>Saliva</HI> into the &s;alival Glands, and is a cau&s;e of the copious &s;ecretion of the <HI>Saliva,</HI> which is the cau&s;e of a Ptyali&s;m. And when the <HI>Mercury</HI> chances to cau&s;e a &s;ecretion of the like pituitous matter in the pancreatick Glands, then there is a plentifull &s;ecretion of the pancreatick vi&s;cid humour, whereby not onely a Reaching and Vomiting, but &s;ometimes a grievous and very dan|gerous Loo&s;ne&s;s follows.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. What was &s;aid before of crude <HI>Mercury,</HI> may be &s;aid of the Precipitate, or <HI>Sublimatum dulce;</HI> yea, or the Corro&s;ive: For what crude <HI>Mercury</HI> does in carrying the Acid, di&s;per&s;ed in the Bloud, to the Glands, the &s;ame does <HI>Mercury</HI> both Precipitate and Sublimate by the acid Spirits. For the acid Spirits concentrated in the <HI>Mercury</HI> do cau&s;e &s;uch an Effer|ve&s;cence in the &s;mall Gut with the Bile and Phlegm that either Reaching and Vomiting, or Purging, or both of them follows. For &s;uch an Efferve&s;cence is required as may di&s;turb and move the humours there confluent, and may irritate the Guts and Sto|mach to an expul&s;ion of them. To which Efferve|&s;cence there always concur acid humours, either contained in the Body and carried to the Guts, or taken from without. And tho&s;e Mercurial Medi|cines conduce mo&s;t to rai&s;e a Salivation, which con|tain lea&s;t of an Acid in them, as they vomit and purge mo&s;t, which abound mo&s;t with a &s;harp, acid
<PB N="362" REF="187"> Spirit. Hence it is, that <HI>Mercurius Sublimatus Corro&s;i|vus,</HI> given &s;carce to the quantity of a grain, Vo|mits and Purges violently. But <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> made of Corro&s;ive with crude <HI>Mercury,</HI> may &s;afely be taken to thirty grains, and above, which &s;el|dom cau&s;es Vomiting, often gives onely a Stool, and very &s;eldom rai&s;es a Salivation. But Salivation is more happily rai&s;ed with <HI>Mercury</HI> Precipitate, and not too fixt, to the end, that the virtue on the <HI>Mercury</HI> being more at freedom, may more ea&s;i|ly mix it &s;elf with the Phlegm redounding in the Body. Therefore, by rea&s;on of the Acid Spirit, mixt with the <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate, or &s;ublimate, the &s;ame Medicine mixes it &s;elf more ea&s;ily with the Phlegm, by taking of which at times, and in|tervals, in a &s;ufficient quantity; the corrupt Phlegm of the Body is moved to the Salival and Pancrea|tick Glands, that it may be thrown out of the Bo|dy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the Pox may be cured by degrees.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. Before Fluxing, the Body mu&s;t be eva|cuated, either by Purging or Bleeding: For if much vitious humours abound in the Body, there is fear, le&s;t by Salivating they &s;hould run violently to the jaws, and choak the Patient; or flying to the Brain, &s;hould cau&s;e an Apoplexy or Pal&s;ie; Therefore part of them mu&s;t be fir&s;t evacuated. If al&s;o there be abundance of Bloud, it is good to breathe a Vein fir&s;t. <HI>Fallopius</HI> al&s;o, that part of the matter may be con&s;umed, the Inwards may be &s;trengthned, and may not be offended with the Quick&s;ilver, gives a decoction of the Wood for eight or ten days before Fluxing.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. When an Ointment is made of Quick|&s;ilver, killed with Spittle, and with Hog's Lard, <HI>Iva Arthritica,</HI> Oil of Vipers, and Wax, cha&s;ing the Limbs both above and below every other day warm, for thrice or oftner, till purging follow, which mu&s;t be procured by Stool. When the Mouth, Tongue, No&s;trils, and all the upper parts are affected, which might render this remedy &s;u&s;pected; I have often found it very &s;ucce&s;sfull to give every day a Cly|&s;ter, &s;ometimes Solutive, of <HI>Mel. Ro&s;ar. Solut.</HI> Oil of Chamaemil, and a Carminative Decoction: Some|times Laxative of &s;imple Oil, by which the Humours may be drawn downwards, a <HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> yea, and &s;ome|times a Dy&s;entery following, which neverthele&s;s we help by Cly&s;ters of Milk and Goat's Sewet, as an Epicera&s;tick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus.</NOTE> to guard and line the Guts.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. They that are fumed with Cinnabar, if they then drink Wine (wherewith the Nerves, which were weakned before, may ea&s;ily be hurt) do often fall into a Pal&s;ie. Which often befalls them that have been anointed with Quick&s;ilver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Some reckon that Quick&s;ilver is cold, others, that it is hot: And &s;ome endeavour to prove from thence, that Quick&s;ilver is cold, be|cau&s;e the Damage done to Mens bodies by it, is cu|red by the u&s;e of heating things, as Sage, Hy&s;&s;op, wild Marjoram, Clary, Rue, Ca&s;tor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But the&s;e Medicines are not therefore u&s;ed for preternatural affections from Quick&s;ilver, onely becau&s;e they are hot, but becau&s;e they are friends to the Brain and Nerves: And be&s;ides, they are good again&s;t the Mercurial Virulence by a &s;pecifick property. Far|ther, if they were u&s;ed, as they are hot, and not as they are good for the Nerves, other hot things, which are de&s;titute of that &s;pecifick Virtue, would doe the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. Some think Sweat &s;hould be promoted with Salivation: But if Nature tend to Salivation, it is not good to cau&s;e Sweat, le&s;t contrary Moti|ons &s;hould be made. However, if nature tend of her &s;elf to Sweat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it mu&s;t not be hindred.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. We mu&s;t take care, we do not &s;top Sa|livation by A&s;tringents, and that it be not too &s;oon over. It will not be &s;o, if the Mouth be continu|ed Gargling with Salt water warm: It is &s;o far from hindring, that it promotes it rather. But that the Spittle may not be &s;wallowed in Sleeping, a <HI>Nodulus</HI> dipt in Brine mu&s;t be held between the Teeth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman|nus.</NOTE> &s;o that the filth may run out at the open mouth.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. When I fir&s;t began to practice Chirur|gery, I was a long time in doubt, whether Wo|men with Child and Children, infected with the Pox, could, without hazard of their health and life be cured by fluxing? The excellent <HI>Nicolas Ma&s;&s;a,</HI> did, at length, re&s;olve my doubt, who, <HI>lib. de lue Ven. tr.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 9. affirms, it may be done without danger. My own Experience al&s;o has confirmed it to be true. A Woman with Child, &s;uckling a Child Twenty Months old, was infected with the Pox, and the Child al&s;o. I pre&s;cribe her an altering Apozem, and a purging Syrup, which when &s;he took, it pur|ged the Child al&s;o. Her Body being &s;ufficiently purged, I ordered her Joints to be anointed gent|ly once a day, even to Salivation; upon which, the Child, though he was not anointed, driveled much Spittle: Wherefore I ordered him to be weaned, that he might not receive any more Mercurial Va|pours from his Mother. Thus both the Mother and Child happily recovered: And about &s;ix Months after &s;he brought forth a &s;ound Child.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. Certainly crude <HI>Mercury</HI> is a good and &s;afe Re|medy for the Pox, mixt with Hog's-Lard, or o|ther Unguents and Oils, and anointed outwardly, e&s;pecially on the Soles of the feet, and Palms of the Hands, and any other Joints: Although Pru|dence is very nece&s;&s;ary if the <HI>Spina dor&s;i</HI> be to be anointed therewith; which I would not have done; but when anointing of the Joints is not &s;ufficient, and when no Salivation can be rai&s;ed, which yet it is not always &s;afe to rai&s;e by violence. For the end of anointing with <HI>Mercury</HI> is Salivation, by be|nefit whereof, together with abundance of Phlegm, the Venereal Poi&s;on is purged out of the whole body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51">LI. When the great gland of the Neck, from whence the Salival ducts derive their original, is inflamed, it does not permit the u&s;e of <HI>Mercury:</HI> For a noxious Salivation might be rai&s;ed by it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
<P N="52">LII. Weakne&s;s al&s;o in the Nerves prohibits A|nointing: for if they that are troubled with the Pox, be &s;ubject to Numbne&s;s, Pal&s;ie, or pains in the Limbs (which yet are not Venereal) Anoint|ing is prohibited;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci|us.</NOTE> for otherwi&s;e the &s;trength of the Nerves would totally be taken away.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. When there is an Ulcer, or any Di&s;ea&s;e about the Mouth, Inunction is prohibited. And if there be no Di&s;ea&s;e pre&s;ent in the&s;e parts, but has been formerly, if it had its original from the Pox, as an Ulcer in the Tongue, Mouth, or Lips, it does not hinder anointing, becau&s;e there is no weakne&s;s to prohibit it. But if any one, when he had not the Pox, was &s;ubject to a Quin&s;ie, he mu&s;t not be anointed; for it would bring the Quin|&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="54">LIV. When I had cau&s;ed one to be anointed, &s;o great an inflammation was cau&s;ed in his Mouth, that he came almo&s;t to de&s;pair, which, when all other Remedies were in vain, received perfect ea&s;e onely from Chicken Broth made without any herbs, the virulence of the <HI>Mercury</HI> being taken off, as I think, by the benign &s;ub&s;tance of the Chicken.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pachequus <HI>apud</HI> Rive|rium.</NOTE> (See <HI>Sect.</HI> XLIV.)</P>
<P N="55">LV. <HI>T. Campanella</HI> being &s;ometime con&s;ulted by a great Man of <HI>Germany;</HI> If there were any way to get the Quick&s;ilver, wherewith he had been anointed, out of the Marrow of his Bones, told him, he might certainly doe it, by &s;etting Golden Cupping-gla&s;|&s;es all over his Limbs. And if the <HI>German</HI> Noble|man followed this advice, it was ea&s;ie for him to be rid of all his pains, and of his Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="56">LVI. Some teach, that the u&s;e of certain natural drying Baths is proper in &s;ome &s;orts of this Di|&s;ea&s;e; which, neverthele&s;s, I have often ob&s;erved, does no good, but much harm: Unle&s;s one have a mind to u&s;e them after the cure is exactly fini&s;h|ed,
<PB N="363" REF="187"> for &s;ome refre&s;hment to the Body, that is tired out with Medicines, and to &s;trengthen the Limbs: And then we put into artificial Baths, things that are proper for the Limbs, as <HI>Iva Arthritica,</HI> and &s;uch things.</P>
<P N="57">LVII. They that have got the Pox may &s;afely drink the <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters. For if Metals, by all Mens confe&s;&s;ion, have a &s;pecifick virtue in conquering this Di&s;ea&s;e, and all the virtue of the&s;e Waters comes from Metals; Who can doubt, that the&s;e Waters will be propitious to <HI>Adonis</HI> his Boyes? This very way I cured Pocky Bli&s;ters as broad as ones Nail, in a Man's Mouth and Tongue. It certainly cures a Venereal <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> whatever &s;ome Men may think. It is very good for a Dy&s;|cra&s;ie of the <HI>Para&s;tatae</HI> ari&s;ing thence. <HI>Solenander, con&s;.</HI> 37. <HI>Sect.</HI> 3. thought the &s;ame. He writes thus; <Q>The&s;e Waters are good for <HI>Gonorrhoea's</HI> and Ca|runcles in the Yard; When the pa&s;&s;age of the Yard is cleared with <HI>&V;nguentum Camphoratum,</HI> the drinking of the Waters will wa&s;h, cool and dry the Ulcer, that remains in it, which afterwards, when it is &s;o &s;trengthened, will cicatri&s;e ea|&s;ily.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heer</HI> de A|cidulis.</NOTE></Q></P>
<P N="58">LVIII. It may de&s;erve the Enquiry, Whether Minerals and Metals communicate any Medical vir|tue by decoction, to their <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> or not, becau&s;e they are not ea&s;ily altered in their &s;ub&s;tance? And it cannot be denied, that they do, by benefit of Decoction, communicate &s;ome virtue, though little, to their <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> either in &s;ome particle of the Me|tal, Mineral or Stone, or in Smell. For, be&s;ides &s;olutions of Metals, Minerals and Stones, made in corro&s;ive Waters, Decoctions al&s;o of Gla&s;s of An|timony, <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> Tin, Quick&s;ilver, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> made in fair water, do prove the &s;ame, by the virtues which they have, in Vomiting, killing of Worms, and in other Di&s;ea&s;es. As for in&s;tance, the Anti|monial Decoction of <HI>D. D. Lud. ab Hornig,</HI> in which mo&s;t certainly there is a mo&s;t excellent hidden virtue again&s;t cruel Di&s;ea&s;es, if onely crude Anti|mony, broken into &s;mall pieces, be tied in a rag, and a great quantity boiled in Decoctions of Wa|ter; but it mu&s;t by no means be u&s;ed with Wine. I know that the famous <HI>Zwelferus</HI> never gave an Antivenereal Decoction to any, without crude An|timony tied in a Rag had been fir&s;t boiled in it: And the following Decoction in the Pox does e|vince as much. Take of Wood of <HI>Guaicacum</HI> three ounces, of the Bark of the &s;ame five ounces, <HI>Sar&s;a parilla</HI> two ounces, Saffafras one ounce, Quick&s;ilver tied in a cloth one pound, Crude Antimony tied in a cloth one pound. Boil them in twelve Quarts of Water to a third, and &s;train them. The cover of the pot mu&s;t have a hole in it. Let &s;ix ounces of this be given every morning, and &s;weat either in bed, or in a Stove. The Re&s;idue is boiled with water and Rai&s;ins, adding a little of the <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and its Bark, and towards the latter end a little Cinnamon (which may al&s;o be added to the fir&s;t) for the ordinary drink. The taking of it mu&s;t be continued fourteen days. And let the following Pills be given fir&s;t; Take of <HI>Extractum Catholicon</HI> three drachms, <HI>Arcanum corallinum,</HI> Cinnabar of An|timony each one &s;cruple and an half. Make twen|ty Pills.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="59">LIX. Narcoticks, upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity, are &s;ome|times given with very great &s;ucce&s;s, ina&s;much as that be&s;ides &s;topping of Pain, they procure Sleep and Sweat, and may, without any harm, as I have often ob&s;erved, be taken. Upon which account, Treacle does &s;o much good in the&s;e pains,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> both by cau&s;ing Sweat, and ea&s;ing of Pain. &para; Prudence mu&s;t be u&s;ed in the Pox, as to the frequency of it, be|cau&s;e the thick humour, wherein the virulent qua|lity is inherent, indicates rather attenuation than in&s;pi&s;&s;ation. Yet it may be given when night-Pains are raging, and al&s;o with Alexipharmacks, as with <HI>Extractum Anticephalicum,</HI> &amp;c. A Woman was brought by Nodes and Night-pains to de&s;peration: She took <HI>Laudanum,</HI> for a whole year, twice a day; whereby it came to pa&s;s, that at length the Do&s;e being increa&s;ed by little and little, Nature made this Medicine extremely familiar to her: After|wards &s;he was ill of a Dy&s;entery, and u&s;ed <HI>Lauda|num,</HI> &s;he took al&s;o a &s;cruple of crude <HI>Opium</HI> every day. Thereby, at length, her innate heat was ex|tingui&s;hed, her &s;trength decayed, and all her facul|ties de&s;troyed; &s;he grew &s;tupid, &s;he had a Loo&s;|ne&s;s, then fell into a Con&s;umption and died. <HI>Mon|&s;ieur de Moent</HI> had an <HI>Exo&s;to&s;is</HI> in the in&s;ide of his Thigh, was in great pain, very weak, and dried up with Salivation, yea, and almo&s;t quite con&s;umed: He took <HI>Laudanum</HI> often, to cau&s;e Sleep and ea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Pain; afterwards he was re&s;tored by a good Diet, by many Mercurial Pills and <HI>Anticephalick</HI>-Wine, and he perfectly recovered. He was all Melancholick,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Th. de May|erne,</HI> tract. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Laudano, M S.</NOTE> and amended much after <HI>Sudorificum Joviale,</HI> though he Sweat in abundance; but it was from the Mer|curial property.</P>
<P N="60">LX. I&s;&s;ues are highly commended in the Pox, e&s;pecially if it be old: for it is confirmed by ex|perience, that they who have I&s;&s;ues, are not &s;ub|ject to the Pox. If the Head be bad, they mu&s;t be made in the Arms; if the parts below the Li|ver, in the Legs; if the Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinandus.</NOTE> in the in&s;ide of the Leg.</P>
<P N="61">LXI. In the cure of Buboes, and of any other Symptome, we mu&s;t not leave off the inward Cure. Yea, it is often ob&s;erved, that &s;uch Swellings, one|ly by the repetition of <HI>Mercury,</HI> or of its Oil, do di&s;appear;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> the Mine of the di&s;ea&s;e being perfectly taken away by the occult Mineral operation.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. Sometimes it happens that Chirurgeons make a mi&s;take in the cure, when after ordinary remedies conveniently u&s;ed, they think the Pati|ents are not perfectly cured, upon which they ca&s;t them into new torments, and at length into an A|trophy and Con&s;umption: When notwith&s;tanding the&s;e Symptoms do u&s;ually, after a little time, di&s;|appear, or are di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with ea&s;ie remedies. A certain Nobleman, be&s;ides Nightly-pains, and o|ther Symptoms of the Pox, had a Swelling in his Neck, bred of Phlegm and Melancholy: After a|nointing, all the Symptoms perfectly di&s;appeared, except the Swelling, of which two third parts were di&s;cu&s;&s;ed. The Patient believed he was not cured; yet the Tumour was di&s;cu&s;&s;ed in a months time, onely by applying <HI>Empla&s;trum de Vigo quadru|plicato Mercurio.</HI> Another, after Fluxing, thought him&s;elf not cured, becau&s;e there remained an Ul|cer in his Neck about his Windpipe; yet this Ul|cer was cured with common remedies within a Month, without any remedies re&s;pecting the Pox: One, among other Symptoms, had a great Pain up|on his Shin-bone: he was cholerick, and had been four times rubbed, which made him very lean: he u&s;ed a moi&s;tning diet for a Month: afterwards he was rubbed with <HI>Mercury</HI> all over, whereby the pain cea&s;ed; a Ptyali&s;m was rai&s;ed, of yellow, thin and &s;tinking humours for a Month, and then he voided thick Phlegm for fifteen days. At length Inci&s;ion being made upon the place that was pain|ed before, a <HI>Caries</HI> was found, which, being taken away by an actual Cautery, and a Catagmatick Powder, the Patient was perfectly cured. A No|bleman being cured after the ordinary method, there were great pains remaining in all his limbs, &s;o that he could not &s;tir them without crying out. <HI>Mon&s;ieur de Lort</HI> thought the pains proceeded not from the Pox, but rather from a dry intempera|ture in the Ligaments,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Pomeret <HI>apud</HI> Riveri|um.</NOTE> that knit the joints and nervous parts. He cured him perfectly with a moi&s;t diet, and Bathes, continued a long time.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. People talk much of a thin diet in this Di&s;ea&s;e: But becau&s;e it abates &s;trength much, and keeps it low, it is good in acute Di&s;ea&s;es, which, becau&s;e they la&s;t not long, the &s;trength, though
<PB N="364" REF="188"> brought low, can continue to the end. But &s;eeing the Pox is a Chronical Di&s;ea&s;e, and the cure is ex|tended to many weeks, if the &s;trength be brought low by a &s;pare diet, it cannot hold out to the end of the Di&s;ea&s;e. And the rea&s;on why Phy&s;icians keep their Patients with Bread and Rai&s;ins, I take to be this, Becau&s;e it is a &s;imple food, and affords good juice: for &s;ince variety may ea&s;ily breed bad humours, and &s;ince fle&s;h and fi&s;h and &s;uch meats, are more ea&s;ily corrupted than Bread and Rai&s;ins, it is good to forbid variety of Meats and Fle&s;h, and to be content onely with Bread and Rai&s;ins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="64">LXIV. Many commend Bi&s;coct Bread, yea, they allow onely it, which, as we do not di&s;approve for &s;trong bodies, that are moi&s;t, and abound with Phlegm and excrements inclining to putrefaction, rather than with adu&s;t ones; &s;o we do allow Bread once well baked, and not too moi&s;t, as the be&s;t food, and mo&s;t familiar to all natures. Yea, Bi&s;|coct &s;eems to have its inconveniences; for it is not ea&s;ily concocted, and mo&s;t people in the Pox have a weak &s;tomach. Be&s;ides, the&s;e people a|bound with adu&s;t humours, which are increa|&s;ed by Bi&s;coct Bread; on the contrary, they are tempered by the common Bread, as being moi|&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="65">LXV. One had had the Pox &s;ixteen years, with <HI>Exo&s;to&s;es</HI> in both Legs, which pained him &s;o, that he could not &s;leep all night. I perfectly cured him within a month by bleeding in both the Arms, by purging with an Apozeme, and by a Sudorifick Diet-drink of a Decoction of <HI>Guaicum</HI> and Antimo|ny. Sweat was procured by burning Spirit of Wine. I gave an antivenereal do&s;e once in five days. The <HI>Exo&s;to&s;es</HI> were taken off by applying Bli&s;ters, twice or thrice, when they give over run|ning and grow dry.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="66">LXVI. Since it is &s;afer to prevent a Di&s;ea&s;e, than to cure it, &s;ome Phy&s;icians, among whom are <HI>Fallopius, Minadous,</HI> and others, do teach, what way one may &s;ave him&s;elf from the Pox, though he have to doe with a Pocky Woman. But I think &s;uch things cannot be taught with a &s;afe con&s;cience, as incourage &s;o many Men to Lu&s;t, when perhaps the very fear of this Di&s;ea&s;e would have deterred from it. Yet <HI>Minadous</HI> thinks, they are deceived that teach thus, and he overthrows <HI>Fallopius</HI> his foundation, who thinks the Pox is communicated by &s;mall &s;erous corpu&s;cles, which, if they be wi|ped off, the Pox may be prevented. And he &s;hews, that the Contagion does not onely enter by the external parts of the <HI>Pudenda,</HI> but by the internal, and penetrates the Body, and that the infected vapours and &s;pirits pa&s;s by the internal po|ro&s;ities, and are admitted by the veins; and there|fore no Man can promi&s;e him&s;elf &s;afety from wa&s;h|ing, which onely comes to the external parts of the <HI>Pudenda,</HI> or from outward applications, becau&s;e they cannot take away the inward infection. But the &s;afe&s;t way is to keep from Whores, and to remember,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> that <HI>Whoremongers God will judge.</HI></P>
<P>[<HI>N. B.</HI> The Medicines for the Pox have been &s;o amply treated of all along the Title forego|ing, that I &s;hall forbear to recite any more.]</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lumborum Affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Loins.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The pain mu&s;t be cured differently according to the variety of the cau&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;erous di&s;ten&s;ion of them mu&s;t be cured with Hydrago|gues. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pain cea&s;ing by voiding of black &V;rine. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The De&s;cription and Cure of a Rheumatick <HI>Lumbago. IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF we would di&s;cour&s;e aright concerning pains in the Loins, it is nece&s;&s;ary for us to di&s;tingui&s;h between the parts con&s;tituent of the Loins, and the adjoining parts, that give the occa|&s;ion. The parts con&s;tituent of the Loins, and &s;ub|jects of Pain, are; the Skin with the fle&s;hy Panni|cle; the Mu&s;cles lying upon the five vertebrated Bones, on the out&s;ide and in&s;ide, with the <HI>Os Sacrum;</HI> within the cavities of the <HI>Vertebrae,</HI> the Spinal Mar|row, with its Membranes, and a numerous off|&s;pring of Nerves, and the membranous ligaments knitting the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> one to another: The parts adjoyning, which may hurt by their vicinity or gravity, or by the di&s;po&s;ition of the matter, are; the Me&s;entery joined to the Loins, the lower part of the Gut <HI>Colon;</HI> the two Kidneys, contiguous and &s;ticking to the Loins by their fatty membrane; the Trunks of the <HI>Vena cava</HI> and the <HI>Aorta</HI> lying up|on the Loins, and the Ve&s;&s;els ari&s;ing thence, which are di&s;per&s;ed into the Mu&s;cles of the Loins and the Spine, &s;uch as the veins and arteries of the Loins, and the Haemorrhoid Veins, which de&s;cend along the Loins to the <HI>Podex;</HI> the Spermatick Ve&s;|&s;els al&s;o turgid with &s;eminal Humour, which, in their pa&s;&s;age, impart branches to the Loins; In Women, the Womb with its Ligaments and the Te&s;ticles may hurt the Loins; but mo&s;t in a Wo|man with Child, becau&s;e of the weight of the Womb and the Child, which may make the veins and Arteries, that are di&s;per&s;ed through the <HI>Os Sa|crum,</HI> to trouble the Loins: The remote parts, which hurt the Loins, are the Liver by the <HI>Vena Porta</HI> and the Me&s;entery; the Head, when it di&s;|charges it &s;elf upon the Spinal Marrow, according to <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Glandulis,</HI> this humour de&s;cends by the cavity of the Spinal Marrow to the Loins, and it cannot ea&s;ily get any farther, becau&s;e of its divi&s;ion into myriads of filaments. The common cau&s;es of Pain mu&s;t be taken notice of, which are frequently found in the pains of the Loins, as inter|nal rheumati&s;ms of the Humours by the veins, or an intercutal humour falling from the head, be|tween the Mu&s;cles and the fle&s;hy pannicle. Of|tentimes the branches of the <HI>Vena Cava</HI> and the <HI>Aor|ta</HI> carry part of the ae&s;tuating and exuperant bloud, out of the greater Chanels into the Loins, and af|fect them either in the mu&s;culous or membranous parts, or in the Spinal Marrow; wherefore the Pal&s;ie comes after the Colick, and the Gout turns to the Colick, and in like manner the Colick turns to the <HI>Sciatica.</HI> Be&s;ides, external ab&s;ce&s;&s;es of the Kidneys, and the affections of the Gut <HI>Colon,</HI> when di&s;tended or exulcerated, are communicated to the Loins. Swellings, Impo&s;thumes and Ulcers, may be formed without and within the Loins. Moreo|ver, the Loins are di&s;torted by a Fluxion or Tuber|cle. From a Spa&s;m they &s;uffer a divul&s;ion of their fibres. External cau&s;es oftentimes cau&s;e pain, as falling on the Back, &s;triking with &s;ome hard heavy body. If in the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es there be a pain in the Loins, with heavine&s;s and a Fever, it is certain that abundance of hot bloud is contained in the great ve&s;&s;els, which being extremely inflamed, except it be prevented in time, may be carried
<PB N="365" REF="188"> into the Brain or Lungs; and that may be done by liberal bloud-letting, e&s;pecially in the foot, to hin|der its cour&s;e. Be&s;ides, we ought to &s;u&s;pect pains of the Loins, which continue in Fevers, though bloud be often taken away, becau&s;e the humours lie deep in the region of the Belly, which may com|mit &s;ome violence, unle&s;s they be timely purged out. In pains of the Loins <HI>Hippocrates</HI> bled in the foot. He confirms this <HI>in Coacis. Pains in the Loins are bad, come from bloud; And the haemorrhagies that come from Pain in the Loins, are large and plentifull.</HI> He in&s;inu|ates, <HI>aph.</HI> 20. 4. that Purging is nece&s;&s;ary, to empty the load in the belly: And though <HI>they that complain of their Loins, have their bellies loo&s;e,</HI> as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> writes, that does not take away the nece&s;&s;ity of purging. The running of the Haemorrhoids, as it is good for the Kidneys, &s;o al&s;o for pains in the Loins, and mu&s;t therefore be provoked. The pervicacious pain of the Loins, without heat, and an inflammatory di&s;po&s;ition, unle&s;s it can be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by fomentati|ons, after purging and bleeding often repeated, mu&s;t be carried off by bloudy cupping and bli&s;ters; or by opening the Skin with a Cau&s;tick on each &s;ide of the Spine; or with a Bath of fair water, with herbs boiled in it, or an in&s;e&s;&s;ion in Bath-waters, and Pumping upon the place affected. For Pains of the Loins are more violent and contumacious, if &s;erous matter be contained within the Mu&s;cles to the very <HI>vertebrae:</HI> and they are wor&s;e and more dif|ficult to cure, if it reach to the Spinal Marrow. But oftentimes the Symptoms which are thought to ari&s;e from parts in the Loins, do not proceed from parts con&s;tituent of the Loins, but from parts adjoining, which lying on the Loins cau&s;e pain, and transfer their humours to other parts, &s;lowly or quickly, by the veins and arteries, &s;uch as the <HI>Vena Cava,</HI> and the <HI>Aorta,</HI> the Haemorrhoidal veins, and the Me&s;araick veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> according to <HI>Galen.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> was often ill of a &s;erous di|&s;tention of her Loins, ari&s;ing from a thin di&s;tillati|on falling violently from the Head, along the Back, towards the region of the Spleen, where, when it had abode two or three days, it at length found its way by di&s;charging it &s;elf in abundance of Urine, that was thin and crude. Which di&s;ten&s;ion of the Loins, pa&s;&s;ed by by Phy&s;icians hitherto, I remem|ber I have &s;een in others, in whom I have &s;een this painfull di&s;ten&s;ion quickly removed, either by a drachm of Root of Jalap, or by fifteen grains of <HI>Dia|gridium,</HI> and Creme of Tartar: The capillary mouths of the <HI>vena &s;ine pari</HI> being undoubtedly opened, which, as it purges <HI>Pus</HI> out of the Brea&s;t, and, according to <HI>aph.</HI> 54.7. phlegm out of the hollow place, which is found between the Diaphragm and the Stomach, &s;o al&s;o it expells tho&s;e &s;erous humours from the Loins by the Bladder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. There came a Woman to me, who made black water, and complained of a Pain in her Loins; And when &s;he began to make black water, her pain cea&s;ed; And afterwards &s;he fell into a Nocturnal Fever with &s;hivering; She was of a Melancholick complexion;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rha&s;es.</NOTE> And I cured her with things that pro|voke Urine, and &s;he recovered.</P>
<P N="4">IV. There is a &s;ort of Rheumati&s;m (<HI>See BOOK</HI> VI. <HI>Tit. de Febre Rheumati&s;mi comite</HI>) though it is com|monly held not to be of this kind, which may mo&s;t aptly be called a Rheumatick <HI>Lumbago, i. e.</HI> a cruel fixt pain about the Region of the Loins, reaching &s;ometimes down to the <HI>Os &s;acrum,</HI> very like a fit of the Stone in the Kidneys, but that the Pa|tient does not vomit. For be&s;ides a mo&s;t cruel and intolerable pain about the Kidneys, &s;ometimes the Ureters all along their pa&s;&s;age to the very Blad|der, are troubled with the &s;ame, but a little le&s;s. Formerly this thing impo&s;ed on me, as if it de|pended on &s;ome Gravel or gritty matter &s;ticking a|bout tho&s;e parts, when truly it owed its original to the matter of the Rheumati&s;m, that was peccant and inflamed, which onely troubled tho&s;e parts of the Body, not touching the re&s;t at all. This cruel pain, unle&s;s it be got away as the former &s;ort, does la&s;t as long, and torment as much, &s;o that the wretched Patient cannot lie down, but either leaps out of his bed, or &s;its upright in it, wrigling his body all manner of ways. Since both &s;orts of this di&s;ea&s;e &s;eem to ari&s;e from an Inflammation, which both the &s;aid <HI>Phaenomena</HI> do argue, and e&s;pecially the colour of the bloud that is taken away, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> they mu&s;t both have the &s;ame Cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> <HI>See the place before quoted.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lumbrici,</HI> or Worms.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Anthelminthicks act either by killing the Worms. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or by Suffocating them. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or by di&s;&s;olving and de&s;troying them. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or by Purging. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Water in which <HI>Mercury</HI> is &s;haken, carry them off? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cinnabarines kill Worms. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Sweet things kill Worms? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Earthworms, and tho&s;e voided out of the Body kill Worms? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines made up of &s;everal things are good. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be mixt with Sweet things. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be given upon an empty Stomach. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Medicines want a quickner, which cannot &s;afely be given to Children. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be &s;ometimes changed. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where external things mu&s;t be applied? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Anthelminthicks are not &V;niver&s;al Medicines. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be killed and excluded both at once. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes very &s;trong Medicines are required. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Rheubarb &s;ometimes does harm. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Worm&s;eed often does harm. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure, when there is a Fever, is different from that, where no Fever is. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgatives are u&s;ele&s;s to kill broad Worms. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;weet, and when bitter things? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acid things are not always proper. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ANthelminthicks doe their work chiefly, either, 1. By killing the Worms, and they are things that re&s;i&s;t Poi&s;on: For whether we con|&s;ider them, as things that are bred by equivocal generation, by means of putrefaction, or of an ani|mated character and &s;eed, or Egg, yet it is certain they are fed in and with putrefaction. Therefore &s;uch things are, 1. bitter and bal&s;amick; for, as they do excellently defend the body from Putre|faction, &s;o al&s;o they are the principal things in this ca&s;e, and all bitter things are Anthelminthick; as among compounds, <HI>Elixir proprietatis, Pilulae Rufi,</HI> &amp;c. And, 2. Acids, as Vinegar, e&s;pecially acid Spirits, as of Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> not onely becau&s;e they re&s;i&s;t pu|trefaction, but becau&s;e they de&s;troy the motion and heat of the Worms; And therefore are good e&s;pecially to be taken inwardly. Thus onely a vi|triolated tincture of Violets did excellently in a Boy, who was almo&s;t killed with the Worms. Thus al&s;o all Nitrous things kill the Worms, becau&s;e they are bitter, re&s;i&s;t putrefaction, and becau&s;e of an Acid Salt that is eminent in them: Therefore Soldiers put Gunpowder to their Shirts, to prevent Lice. And 3. Sharp things pregnant either with a Volatile Salt alone, or with Oil. Wherefore Garlick is reputed to be famous for the Worm in the Heart. If any one carry Camphire about him he is never troubled with Lice: al&s;o Spirit and Volatile Salt of Hart&s;horn powerfully kill Worms. And the&s;e things do not onely kill Worms by irritating them, but becau&s;e of their
<PB N="366" REF="189"> exceeding Penetration, whereby they are adver&s;e to their Life, and to putrefaction. And 4. Terre|ous, Alkaline, and other Lixivial fixt Salts, as Coral|wort, the Powder of which Empiricks &s;prinkle on Earthworms, and &s;o kill them; burnt Hart&s;horn; Salt of Wormwood, and <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> though they doe it not &s;o powerfully, yet neverthele&s;s they belong to this cla&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|delius.</NOTE> 5. Watry things give onely a vehicle to the re&s;t, unle&s;s they be &s;igned with &s;ome Mercurial Character. All the&s;e things de&s;troy the animated &s;eminary, annihilate and greatly re&s;i&s;t it.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or, 2. By Suffocating, they hindring tran&s;pira|tion, wherein the life of Worms and In&s;ects con&s;i&s;ts; Such are all oily and fat things, which ob&s;truct the Pores and check Ventilation, and &s;o as it were &s;uf|focate, &s;uch as Oil olive, of &s;weet and bitter Al|monds. And though the&s;e be commonly too weak, and we cannot &s;o well tru&s;t the&s;e alone for killing of Worms, yet they are of excellent u&s;e, to make other things work better.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Or by Melting and De&s;troying, Such things as di&s;&s;olve, annihilate and corrupt the mucous and glutinous &s;ub&s;tance of them, and al&s;o by their acri|mony are as a kind of Poi&s;on to them. Such are e|&s;pecially Mercurials. Nothing under the Sun is &s;o much an Enemy to Worms, and to every animated Seminary as they are; for they con&s;ume their ali|ment, and as it were kill them in an Ideal anti|dote at lea&s;t, as appears in the decoction of Quick|&s;ilver. For it is not onely adver&s;e to them in Sub|&s;tance, though crude it does not &s;o ea&s;ily expell them, becau&s;e it ea&s;ily pa&s;&s;es them by. Wherefore it may be ground with twice as much Sugar in a gla&s;s Mortar very fine. Al&s;o <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> may ve|ry fitly be given; And al&s;o, which is <HI>Helmont</HI>'s ex|periment, water whether &s;imple or &s;pecifick, boi|led with <HI>Mercury,</HI> as if it were influenced by &s;ome Mercurial Star, though by the boiling the <HI>Mercury</HI> loo&s;e nothing, it is very effectual again&s;t Worms. But we mu&s;t take notice, that <HI>Glauberus, p.</HI> 2. <HI>fumi Phi|lo&s;. p.</HI> 79. condemns &s;haking of Quick&s;ilver with water or beer; and e&s;pecially, becau&s;e it is &s;aid, that the water is irradiated not corporally, but onely virtu|ally, intimating that the &s;ubtile particles of the <HI>Mer|cury</HI> are by the &s;haking confounded with the Sul|phur; and that this may be demon&s;trated by the &s;ettling. He adds al&s;o, that he never &s;aw a good operation, whether from Infu&s;ion, or from <HI>Mercurius dulcis.</HI> But this virtue cannot be denied it, though it mu&s;t be acknowledged, that <HI>Mercury</HI> is better at killing than expelling of Worms. So al&s;o Cinnaba|rines kill Worms, wherefore, though not &s;o well, &s;ome go &s;o high, as to affirm, that Cinnabar of Anti|mony, if there be any antepileptick virtue in it, it is onely in a Sympathick Epilep&s;ie, ari&s;ing from Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Or throwing them off by di&s;turbing them. Wherefore it is certain, that all Purgatives, proper|ly &s;o called, are Anthelminthicks, e&s;pecially tho&s;e they call Cholagogues. The&s;e, becau&s;e they act in a twofold manner, not onely as they are bitter, &s;harp and re&s;inous, all which things are enemies to the Worms; but al&s;o as Evacuaters, and as they ir|ritate their <HI>exit,</HI> they are the be&s;t and the noble&s;t Medicines of all to drive Worms out of the Body, e&s;pecially Aloes, <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> or Trochi&s;cs of <HI>Alhandal,</HI> Rheubarb, <HI>Spec. Diaturbith. cum rheo,</HI> which <HI>Heer, ob|&s;ervat.</HI> 26. writes very well, that they are mo&s;t excel|lent Medicines. Wherefore if there be any in&s;tan|ces of great Worms being voided, all, or mo&s;t of them at lea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> were performed by Purging.</P>
<P N="5">V. There are yet two other Anthelminthicks (which we cannot &s;afely, nor ought to tru&s;t) to be added to the&s;e ordinary ones, which are yet &s;ufficiently commended by grave Authours. 1. Sweet thi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gs, which though as a &s;urfeiting Food they may kill Worms accidentally by repletion, yet the&s;e things do not hinder the breeding of them anew. So &s;ome give rai&s;ins to Children troubled with Worms, and <HI>Sennertus</HI> &s;ays, a Decoction of <HI>Sebe&s;ten</HI> is a mo&s;t experienced Medicine, if it be given to Children every day before meat. So they hold that Honey and other &s;weet things doe no harm, but good in Worms, becau&s;e they ea&s;ily turn to Cho|ler, and &s;o are rather enemies to Worms. But it is evident that &s;weet things do not turn to Bile e|qually in all; &s;o that they doe no good in Worms, unle&s;s by cheating them, and in&s;naring them, &s;o as they may &s;uck in Gall and Poi&s;on in&s;tead of Ho|ney.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Whatever divers affirm, that Earth-worms dried and given do by a certain property expell the microco&s;mick Worms, which might be dedu|ced, from the mucilaginou&s;ne&s;s, that is in them, and from tran&s;piration being hindred by con&s;equence, or from their volatile Salt; yet, to &s;ay nothing, that &s;ufficient experiments are yet wanting, it is uncertain, whether Worms that were voided out of the Body, when they are prepared and taken a|gain, do expell tho&s;e of their own kind; nay, the quite contrary may be produced, &s;eeing it is cer|tain, that Seeds of Worms are by this means pro|pagated, and Worms are rather bred, according to the experience of many Authours; notwith&s;tanding that upon taking &s;uch a Powder &s;everal are voided: Wherefore by Mountebanks it is u&s;ually vaunted for the be&s;t Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. When the virtue included is of a middle or|der, or mixt with others: So the <HI>Italians</HI> have an ea&s;ie and no contemptible Medicine for the Worms; it is Ly mixt with Oil-olive; and they give it with good &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. They mu&s;t be mixt with &s;weet things, &s;o they are &s;trongly drawn downwards by a Milk Cly|&s;ter, &s;o Medicines may conveniently be given with warm Milk, that with this Vehicle they may take the Poi&s;on: So Worm&s;eed is taken with Bread and Honey, that they may be allured in that man|ner: So for the &s;ame end <HI>Spiritus Vitrioli Philo&s;ophi|cus</HI> is mixt with Sugar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. They mu&s;t be given upon an empty Stomach, and another thing mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be given af|ter them: for when they have any other Food, that which is ingratefull and contrary to them is neglected by them. And this holds good e&s;pecial|ly in round Worms, and it is not improper in broad ones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Mercurial Medicines want a Quickner, but cannot &s;o &s;afely be given to Children. Therefore <HI>Glauberus, l. c.</HI> &s;ays, That <HI>Mercurius Dulcis</HI> given to Children for Worms, does u&s;ually (unle&s;s they be all the &s;tronger) cau&s;e a Weakne&s;s of the Limbs; For at that Age all things are fluxible and lax; e|&s;pecially the Bones and Nerves; but <HI>Mercury</HI> is an enemy to the&s;e, and &s;o ea&s;ily hurts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Medicines mu&s;t &s;ometimes be changed, le&s;t the Worms &s;hould be u&s;ed to them, e&s;pecially in a more grievous ca&s;e, where there are abundance of Worms, and tho&s;e Worms come not away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. External things mu&s;t be applied to the Na|vel, and not to the Stomach, unle&s;s they come near it. Not onely becau&s;e the Navel is more per&s;pi|rable, but becau&s;e it is the Centre of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and therefore when Worms are in the Guts, the virtue of Medicines may more ea&s;ily be commu|nicated to them, but the&s;e external things mu&s;t onely be u&s;ed for a help.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Anthelminthicks are not univer&s;al Medi|cines. <HI>Langius</HI> and <HI>Haupmannus</HI> their <HI>hypothe&s;is</HI> is &s;uffici|ently known, concerning verminous putrefaction, its being the Cau&s;e in a manner of all Di&s;ea&s;es, Pains and Ails, and u&s;ually of Death it &s;elf; con|cerning which there is extant a Piece called <HI>Haup|manni Pathologia animata.</HI> But as it cannot be denied, that Worms are among Cau&s;es of Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;o to ex|tend them to be a Cau&s;e of all Di&s;ea&s;es is ab&s;urd.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14"><PB N="367" REF="189">XIV. Evacuation is u&s;ually made by three &s;orts of Medicines, either by &s;ome &s;weet and lenient things, by things which act by their whole &s;ub&s;tance, or by &s;trong Purgatives. Sweet Lenitives do not car|ry off dead Worms: Sweet things get Worms out, becau&s;e they are allured and got out with the &s;weet food, which loo&s;ens the Belly. Things that act by their whole &s;ub&s;tance carry off the live and dead without di&s;tinction: And the &s;tronge&s;t Purges are bitter, &s;o that at one and the &s;ame time they can both kill and carry off: Therefore things that kill Worms are in vain given before Purgatives.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. They are mi&s;taken, who to kill the Worms u&s;e any &s;light Medicines, which have but a &s;mall virtue to kill them: for Worms, by their expul&s;ive faculty expell bitter things that are but gentle. We may ob&s;erve this, when Children are troubled with Worms and with a bilious <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> at the &s;ame time: for Bile, which is naturally bitter, does not kill them. Wherefore unle&s;s we have recour&s;e to &s;trong Medicines, as to Aloes not wa&s;ht, or to a &s;cruple of <HI>Mercury</HI> made into Pills, with a little Aloes and Turpentine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> we doe nothing.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. To evacuate the matter of which Worms are bred, that is, Phlegm, <HI>Species Hierae</HI> are reckoned good, if it re&s;ide onely in the fir&s;t ducts: But if in the whole, Agarick, not Rheubarb, (which many u&s;e) for though by its bitterne&s;s it be good to kill Worms; yet it does harm, as it purges Bile, and not Phlegm, and when the Phlegm is left, Sleepi|ne&s;s, Epilep&s;ies, Apoplexies and Death follow. A|garick therefore is good, beca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e it purges Phlegm, and by its bitterne&s;s kills Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Women commonly give Worm&s;eed in Comfits, or the bare Seed mixt with Honey. It is an excellent Remedy: for Worms, being greedy of &s;weet things, devour the Honey, and with it the Seed, which kills them. But, becau&s;e it is ve|ry hot, it may be tempered, if it be infu&s;ed for two hours in Vinegar, and then mixt with Honey, boiled up to the form of an Electuary, which <HI>Ama|tus</HI> commends as the be&s;t Medicine for the Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. When Worms are voided in acute Di&s;ea|&s;es, as in burning Fevers, and other Di&s;ea&s;es of old Men and Children, we ought not pre&s;ently to turn all our intention on them, as the good women, and Phy&s;icians that humour &s;uch women, do; which is a rea&s;on, why Patients die, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is ne|glected. Wherefore the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t carefully con&s;ider, whether the Fever depends on the Worms, or whether Worms be voided for &s;ome other rea|&s;on, which are always contained in the Belly. And if you find the Fever comes from &s;ome other cau&s;e, perhaps it is a quartan, tertian or quotidian, and if no &s;ymptome be very urgent, they mu&s;t be ne|glected, or onely &s;uch Medicines given as are pro|per for the principal Di&s;ea&s;e and for the Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> cletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Though in round Worms it be good to mix Purgatives with things that kill them; yet in broad Worms it is better not to mix Purgatives at fir&s;t with them, becau&s;e the Purgatives do not &s;uffer things that kill the Worms to &s;tay long in the Belly; but quickly purge them off. But if Medicines be fir&s;t given to kill them, they roll them&s;elves round like a Ball, and are &s;o voided, and the Party reco|vers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> as the Authour, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>de Morbis,</HI> writes.</P>
<P N="20">XX. The Medical Intentions are to kill the Worms, to expell them, to hinder a new growth of them, and to prevent &s;ymptoms. But, fir&s;t of all, it is convenient to rid the Stomach and Guts of excrements and of food for the Worms by &s;ome gentle Purge: for we may not give a Vomit, le&s;t the Worms &s;hould be drawn from the Guts into the Stomach, where they might cau&s;e more mi&s;chief. I know, indeed, it is the common opinion, that we mu&s;t u&s;e bitter things, but I am quite of another opinion, preferring &s;weet things far before them, to withdraw the Worms from gnawing the Stomach, and to di&s;po&s;e them for voiding by &s;tool. Where|fore I pre&s;ently give four ounces of <HI>Manna</HI> in Broth altered with Cinnamon, drinking three hours after it a dilute <HI>Mul&s;a</HI> made with Barley-water, and that the Worms may be drawn downwards, and the Guts wa&s;ht, in the evening I order a Cly&s;ter of Milk, Butter and Sugar. Then we mu&s;t proceed to killing things, as Oil of bitter Almonds, of Peach Kernels, Wine of Infu&s;ion of <HI>Scordium,</HI> Spirit of Salt, Oil of Sulphur, Spirit of Vitriol, and the Poi&s;on of Worms, the di&s;tilled water of Garlick and Onions. I take care of the &s;ymptoms; and e&s;pecially their gnaw|ing; for &s;ometimes by gnawing the mouth of the &s;tomach, they cau&s;e Death; in this ca&s;e we mu&s;t act with gentler things, and ab&s;tain from bitter, &s;harp and other &s;uch trouble&s;ome things, in&s;tead of which a Pint of Milk, or more, with Sugar may be given; for, being enticed, they leave off gnawing, and turn to the Milk, as being &s;weet and amicable to them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. The acid Spirit of Vitriol, Sulphur, and the like, are commonly u&s;ed to kill Worms, which I do acknowledge have the faculty to incide Phlegm, and kill the Worms, if a few drops be mixt with the ordinary drink, and the taking of them be con|tinued for &s;ome time. But they are not good for all alike, becau&s;e they augment the Acid in the Bo|dy and the Appetite, which is oftentimes too great in Children. Wherefore, unle&s;s they be very thir|&s;ty al&s;o, I had rather u&s;e volatile Salts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and bitte|ri&s;h Plants.</P>
<P>(See BOOK IX. Tit. <HI>Of Childrens Di&s;ea&s;es.</HI>)</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The mo&s;t effectual Remedy for Children and others is, to put a piece of &s;alt Fle&s;h, the Fat be|ing &s;craped off into the <HI>anus</HI> in form of a Suppo&s;ito|ry, and to let it be in as long as it can be endured, then to give a Cly&s;ter of Brine or a Decoction of Centaury, and we mu&s;t often repeat this Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Spirit of Turpentine is a good Medicine for the Worms. &para; Nothing is better for killing of Worms than Wine and Spirit of Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. The &s;eed and di&s;tilled water of Pur&s;lane is an excellent Medicine to kill Worms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort is a Specifick for Worms in the Stomach applied in manner of a Catapla&s;m,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Querceta|nus.</NOTE> and gi|ven in Broth.</P>
<P N="5">5. Coral-wort is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy again&s;t all Worms. The Do&s;e 1 drachm. &para; The &s;eed al|&s;o of <HI>Santonicum,</HI> Tan&s;ie, Primero&s;e-root, <HI>Scordium</HI> and Goats Rue are good. &para; Fern is commended e&s;pe|cially for killing of broad Worms, from which a water is di&s;tilled, or half a drachm of the powder is given to Infants, 1 drachm to tho&s;e that are a little elder, and to tho&s;e that are of ripe years 3 drachms in water of Goats Rue, which kills the Worm with|out any trouble. Above all compound Medicines, <HI>Diaturbith cum Rhabarbaro</HI> is commended in Trochi&s;cs. Among temperate things, <HI>Sebe&s;ten</HI> is the mo&s;t tried Medicine, a Decoction of which may be given to Children every day.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. I have often ob&s;erved this to be very effectual in killing and expelling of Worms: Take of <HI>Coloquin|tida</HI> 1 drachm, Oil extracted out of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> &s;eeds half an ounce, Treacle half an ounce, Myrrhe, A|loes, Dittany, Gentian, Tormentill, Wormwood, each 1 ounce. Make them into powder, and with a Bull's Gall and Ro&s;e-vinegar; make an Unguent to be laid all over the Belly and Navel.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vid. Vidiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="368" REF="190">
<HEAD><HI>Luxatio,</HI> or, Putting out of joint.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Repo&s;ition mu&s;t not be attempted before the Inflammation be laid. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor if a Ligament be broke. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strengthning Applications mu&s;t not cool and dry. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a luxated joint, when it falls out after re&s;tituti|on. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If an Inflammation &s;upervene, when Repo&s;ition mu&s;t be made? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Reduction of the Spine luxated inwards. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Repo&s;ition of the luxated Thigh, mu&s;t not always be at|tempted. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Re&s;titution of the Shoulder &s;lipt into the Armpit. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Luxation of the <HI>Os Coccygis</HI> re&s;tored. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Contu&s;ions of the Nerves (which we call Strains) mu&s;t not be treated like Luxations. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is not without rea&s;on, that <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 8. <HI>c.</HI> 11. advi&s;es, that whatever in Di&s;locations is di&s;|placed, mu&s;t be replaced before Inflammation. But if a Chirurgeon was not called at the beginning, &s;o that the part is &s;welled and inflamed, a thin Diet mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed, and the Body mu&s;t be purged of bad Humours: A Vein al&s;o, if it be nece&s;&s;ary mu&s;t be opened, and Repellents mu&s;t be applied to the part affected, till the Severity of the Inflamma|tion is a little abated, then the Operation mu&s;t be tried; but care mu&s;t be taken, that all things be done gently; they that doe otherwi&s;e, oftentimes occa&s;ion great &s;ymptoms, and &s;ometimes, death it &s;elf. A Girl, leaping often to the ground, had wren|ched her feet a little, and when a Pain and Inflam|mation aro&s;e, an Empirick was called, who &s;o ex|tended and wrenched her feet to and again, that the pain and inflammation increa&s;ing, Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es followed, and round the Joints of the feet in divers places &s;i|nuous Ulcers, out of which a ferous Humour ran. The Pain in her Joints was &s;o great and pungent, that &s;he could &s;carce &s;tir her feet, and was not a|ble to walk.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Before the Chirurgeon undertake the Repo|&s;ition of any luxated part, it is nece&s;&s;ary that he fir&s;t try well, whether a Ligament be broken: For, if he under&s;tand this, becau&s;e the part cannot move, it is more advi&s;eable to hold his hand, than ra&s;hly to undertake the Cure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> to the Ignominy of the Art.</P>
<P N="3">III. Swathes, that, be&s;ides A&s;triction, they may al&s;o keep off an Inflammation, mu&s;t be wet in a Mixture of au&s;tere Wine and Oil of Ro&s;es, becau&s;e, when they are dry, they do not &s;tick well. Others be&s;mear them moderately with <HI>Ceratum</HI> Hippocratis <HI>humidum,</HI> which <HI>Galen, l.</HI> 6. <HI>de Comp. Med. per Gen. c.</HI> 4. de|&s;cribes. And here Medicines mu&s;t be avoided which are made of a&s;tringent Powders and whites of Eggs, becau&s;e they either cool and dry the joint too much, &s;o that the bending of it is hindred, or they &s;top the pa&s;&s;ing out of the influxed humours. The <HI>Ceratum</HI> is made of one part Wax and two parts Oil; as for example, white Wax one ounce, Oil of Ro|&s;es two ounces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. A Joint &s;lips out again for three Rea&s;ons: 1. When it is not well replaced, and the Ligaments are not well dried. 2. When there is any Tumour after an Inflammation. 3. When &s;ome Humour runs to the Joint, which makes lax the Ligaments. The fir&s;t Cau&s;e requires great Driers. The &s;econd, E|mollients and Di&s;cutients. The third requires the wor&s;t, after provi&s;ion for the whole, Burning; than which nothing is better; for it will wa&s;te, 1. the moi&s;ture by the Cru&s;t, which makes a hollow Ul|cer, and being covered with a Cicatrice contracts the relaxed part: for by Burning we heat, dry and dige&s;t the Humours. But note, 1. We mu&s;t burn the place, on which the Bone falls; as, if the Shoulder &s;lip below the <HI>Ala,</HI> under the Armpit. If the head of the Thigh be luxated forwards, it mu&s;t be burnt before in &s;everal places. 2. Nervous parts, Ligaments, Veins, Arteries and Glands, to which Fire is an Enemy, mu&s;t not be burnt. 3. We mu&s;t not burn with Irons, which make a little E&s;char. 4. The Joint mu&s;t be kept quiet for &s;everal days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. The time of exten&s;ion is laid down by <HI>Hippo|crates, de Articul.</HI> &sect; 64. to be immediately after luxa|tion, while the part is &s;till warm. But if becau&s;e of want of a Chirurgeon it cannot be done pre|&s;ently, let it be done the &s;econd or third day, un|le&s;s we be forced to de&s;i&s;t by rea&s;on of an Inflam|mation, which prevents it: for it is ob&s;erved, that if Exten&s;ion be attempted, re&s;titution does not &s;uc|ceed well; but many inconveniences follow it. Wherefore <HI>Fallopius, de Luxatione, c.</HI> 3. &s;ays, I ad|vi&s;e you ever to have a regard to the time, not exceeding the third day at mo&s;t: and if the third day be pa&s;t, we mu&s;t tarry till the Inflammation is over, and till there be no danger from it. And the &s;eventh day is <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his day, 4. <HI>de Artic.</HI> 65. to which the Patient mu&s;t be kept with a low Diet. Therefore if Exten&s;ion cannot be made the fir&s;t three days, we mu&s;t tarry till the &s;eventh. The time in which you may re&s;tore it is the fir&s;t, &s;econd and third, or at lea&s;t the &s;eventh, eighth and ninth days; but the tenth, eleventh and twelfth days, and after are not &s;afe; becau&s;e then a <HI>Callus</HI> is bred.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. The general opinion is, that the Spine luxa|ted inwards cannot be re&s;tored: Yet an ingenious and expert Chirurgeon will not leave his Patient without Remedy. In old People <HI>Hildanus</HI> tries the Reduction, fir&s;t, indeed, by Exten&s;ion, and Con|cu&s;&s;ion of the Spine &s;ometimes to the right and &s;ometimes to the left, and by lifting up the Belly on high by In&s;truments de&s;cribed by <HI>Oriba&s;ius, lib. de Machinam. c.</HI> 35. and by <HI>Paraeus.</HI> Then by Inci&s;ion of the Back to the luxated <HI>Vertebra,</HI> and by elevation of the <HI>Vertebra,</HI> which after Inci&s;ion mu&s;t be taken hold on with proper In&s;trments by the <HI>Appendix.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. If at any time the Thigh-bone be out of its place, it mu&s;t needs be quite out: for becau&s;e the Head of it is round, it cannot &s;tay on the Lips of the <HI>Sinus</HI> or Acetable, &s;o as to make a <GAP DESC="foreign"> onely, or a Di&s;tor&s;ion, which is commonly called Semiluxation or Straining: But it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;i|ty either return into the <HI>Sinus,</HI> or fall be&s;ides; and any other body of a globous figure, &s;et upon the edge of any Ve&s;&s;el, cannot be firm, but of nece&s;&s;ity mu&s;t fall either inward or outward. And when the Thigh is &s;o perfectly out of Joint, though it be not put in again; yet the Patients do in proce&s;s of time &s;o far recover, that they can walk without help of a &s;tick. <HI>B. Jordanus,</HI> a Chirurgeon of <HI>Padua,</HI> experienced this in a certain Man, who&s;e luxated Thigh could not be re&s;tored, becau&s;e he had broke his Leg, which ought to have the greater care ta|ken of it.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Hildanus, cent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 86. &s;hews the way, how the Shoulder luxated under the Armpit may be re&s;tored, which the modern Chirurgeons highly commend. There he &s;hews the various u&s;es of his <HI>Remora,</HI> and Girdle, and tractorie Machine which he invented. But upon my own experience I find, that if Luxations of the Shoulder downwards cannot be put up with the Hands, they may more ea&s;ily be re|&s;tored by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his <HI>Spatha,</HI> than by <HI>Hildanus</HI> his <HI>Remora.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. A Nobleman, falling on his Back, hit the end of the <HI>Os Coccygis</HI> &s;o hard again&s;t a &s;harp Stone, that he put the Bone out of joint. Upon it he grew immo|vable. The next morning &s;eventeen hours after his fall I find the Patient very feveri&s;h, not able to move a Leg or a Foot, and not far from Convul&s;i|ons: He complained e&s;pecially of an intolerable Pain about his <HI>anus.</HI> I had &s;ome &s;u&s;picion he had broke &s;ome Bones, but I found all whole, onely about the <HI>podex</HI> all was &s;ugillated: And putting my Finger into the <HI>anus,</HI> I was a&s;certained, by the tur|ning
<PB N="369" REF="190"> in of the end of the <HI>Os coccygis</HI> that the <HI>Coccyx</HI> was out of joint. I pre&s;ently gave him half a drachm of fixt Salt of Vipers in Chervil-water: af|terwards I laid the Patient on his face, with his body and buttocks elevated, and his feet han|ging down. Afterwards (according to <HI>Paulus, l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 98.) I put the fore-finger of my left-hand anoin|ted with Fat that had never been &s;alted into the <HI>po|dex,</HI> and I bended it by little and little, then I &s;et my thumb on it outwardly, and thus by drawing and &s;queezing, I made the Bones to crack, and redu|ced them to their natural &s;ituation, upon which his Pain and all things were well. Le&s;t the Bone &s;hould fall out again, I order the <HI>podex</HI> to be often fomen|ted with a warm decoction of Oak-leaves, Acorn-cups, Red-ro&s;es and Pomegranate-flowers. The place affected was fenced with <HI>Ceratum Vigonis.</HI></P>
<P>This Bone was &s;o forced back in a Gentlewoman after a hard travel of her fir&s;t Child, that her ex|crements came away involuntarily from her always. Ten years after, I was con&s;ulted, I advi&s;e her to let the Midwife try whether &s;he could force the Bone back again with her finger. She tried, but without any effect, for &s;he could not hear the Bone crack. But afterwards the bu&s;ine&s;s &s;ucceeded well, by anointing the place often with Oil of Worms and white Lilies, and &s;o being mollified; after|wards the place was fenced with <HI>Empl. contr. ruptur. Fel. Wirtzii.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mi&s;c. Cur. an. <HI>72.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>35.</HI></NOTE> &para; <HI>Adr. Spigelius</HI> re&s;tored a Gentlewo|man's <HI>Os coccygis,</HI> that was luxated in travel,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 80. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> one|ly by a Swathe.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Fab. Hildanus, in Cent. fol.</HI> 167. warns unwary Chirurgeons, that in Contu&s;ions of the Nerves (which we call Strains) where no manife&s;t Luxati|on appears, they do not wre&s;t the Limb this way and that, nor try to replace what is not di&s;located: for great Inflammations, Pains, Ulcers, <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bones and Death often attend &s;uch fooli&s;h operati|ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This Unguent is admirably commended by the Vulgar for Luxations, and other external Di&s;ea&s;es, where the Skin is whole and not hurt; Take of green Sea Wormwood a Peck, of Comfrey as much, gathered fourteen days before St. <HI>John</HI>'s-tide. Let them be &s;hred and boiled for 2 hours in 10 pounds of <HI>May</HI> butter. When it is &s;trained, put to it of Goat-&s;uet two pounds, Badger's-grea&s;e 1 pound, Wax half a pound, Turpentine 2 pounds and an half. Melt them on the Fire; when they are taken off, add of Oil of Juniper 4 ounces. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. A Pulte&s;s made of the Bulb of Daffadil helps them, who in going have put their Leg or Ankle out of joint,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Lauren|bergius.</NOTE> or when any part is out of its natural &s;ite.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="11" TYPE="book">
<PB N="370" REF="191">
<HEAD><HI>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XI.</HI> Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter <HI>M.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Macies,</HI> or Leanne&s;s. (<HI>See</HI> Atrophia, <HI>BOOK</HI> I.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Salt things cau&s;e Leanne&s;s? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether fat things do make fat? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Diureticks doe good? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking between Meals is good for lean people. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the u&s;e of Popy, Henbane, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is good for them? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is a Que&s;tion, How the Limbs can be wa&s;ted and emaciated by a Salt Bloud: for <HI>Plutarch, in Quae&s;t. nat.</HI> 1. writes, that Plants are not at all nouri&s;hed with Salt things; becau&s;e &s;uch food is earthy, and con&s;equently cannot be fit to nouri&s;h. <HI>Theophra&s;tus,</HI> 6. <HI>de cau&s;is, Plant.</HI> 14. inqui|ring the rea&s;on, Why all ta&s;ts, but a &s;alt one, are found in Plants? &s;ays, It it becau&s;e what is of a &s;alt ta&s;t, is not fit to nouri&s;h. For an in&s;tance, he &s;ays, Fi&s;hes which live in the Sea, are not nouri&s;h|ed with Salt-water, nor &s;alt Juices, but either with &s;weet or acid things, or with other things, that are found in the Sea: wherefore, in this regard, it is manife&s;t, I might very well &s;ay, that a &s;alt bloud did extenuate and emaciate, becau&s;e it is unfit to re&s;tore the parts, that are con&s;umed every day. The &s;ame <HI>Plutarch</HI> is of the contrary opinion in the &s;ame Book, <HI>qu.</HI> 3. <HI>vel</HI> 4. where he writes, that Shep|herds u&s;e &s;alt to fatten their Cattel; Wherefore, if Cattel are fatted with &s;alt, it cannot be &s;aid, that bodies mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be con&s;umed by a &s;alt bloud: Yea, he adds, that <HI>Apollonius</HI> the Phy&s;ician, Scholar to <HI>Herophilus,</HI> u&s;ed to re&s;tore and fatten emaciated Bodies with &s;alt things. We mu&s;t &s;ay, that &s;alt and &s;alt things, may, in &s;ome &s;en&s;e, conduce to make fat and nouri&s;h; and, in another &s;en&s;e, to con&s;ume and wa&s;te, principally and of it &s;elf, to wit, for the rea|&s;ons a&s;&s;igned by <HI>Plutarch</HI> and <HI>Theophra&s;tus,</HI> &s;ince &s;alt things are dry, and therefore contrary to aliment, for which rea&s;on they make bodies dry, and are not converted into the lo&s;t &s;ub&s;tance. But by accident they may conduce to fatten and nouri&s;h, to wit, by cau&s;ing an Appetite, and which e&s;pecially happens, by carrying the nutriment into the parts. If &s;alt things indeed be mixt with other Aliment, they are as certain vehicles to carry the aliment to the parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercurialis,</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morbis pue|rorum.</NOTE> and as wedges to fix it there. &para; <HI>Pliny, lib.</HI> 10. <HI>c.</HI> 73. writes, that Salt is given to Cattel, to make them drink, and &s;o to make them fat.</P>
<P N="2">II. Another Que&s;tion ari&s;es concerning the cour&s;e of Diet: for, <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de &s;alub. Dieta,</HI> &s;hewing the way, how to make fat bodies lean, &s;ays, They mu&s;t be fed with fat-meats; and the rea&s;on he brings, is, becau&s;e fat things quickly &s;atisfie, though they do not fill: He &s;ubjoyns in the &s;ame place, If we have a mind to make gro&s;s, we mu&s;t take the quite contrary cour&s;e. <HI>Rha&s;es, Avicenna,</HI> and almo&s;t all the <HI>Graecians</HI> are of another judgment, who ad|vi&s;e the eating of fat victuals to make folk fat. For a determination, we mu&s;t &s;ay, That the u&s;e of fat things may either be moderate or immoderate; and fat Meat may either be a little or very fat: The immoderate u&s;e of fat things, or of things that are very fat, are far from fatning, becau&s;e they doe preci&s;ely, what <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays: But meats that are not very fat, and the moderate u&s;e of them, conduces much to making people fat; and of &s;uch things mu&s;t this opinion of the <HI>Arabians</HI> and <HI>Graecians</HI> be under&s;tood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. And all Diuretick Medicines conduce to car|ry the Meat to the part: for they both open the
<PB N="371" REF="191"> pa&s;&s;ages, and are as it were Vehicles to carry the juices and aliment to the part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. So al&s;o drinking between Meals is good: And they that in general condemn drinking be|tween Meals, for emaciated Bodies, are much de|ceived: for, <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, 7. <HI>Meth.</HI> commended drink|ing between Meals as good for con&s;umptive Bo|dies; and it is almo&s;t always ob&s;erved, that they who u&s;e to drink between Meals grow fat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. And tho&s;e things conduce mo&s;t to fix the Meat to the parts, which do moi&s;ten with a certain tenacious and vi&s;cid humidity, <HI>i. e.</HI> hot in cold bo|dies, and cold in hot and dry bodies. And this is the rea&s;on why <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Avicenna</HI> commend Popy, Henbane, and &s;everal other things, which are very cold, for moi&s;tning of bodies. Upon this account <HI>Lucretius</HI> &s;ays, That Goats grow fat with Hemlock, to wit, becau&s;e the&s;e Animals are hot and dry, and therefore their heat and drine&s;s are tempered with cold things, &s;o that they dige&s;t their nutriment. For we mu&s;t not think that Goats or Starlings grow fat onely with Hemlock, Nature thereby onely makes way to grow fat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Mercurialis,</HI> from the common opinion, concludes, that Popy, Henbane, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are cold; whereas, according to the modern opinion, they are hot. Now they doe good, either by procuring &s;leep, with which it is certain that bodies grow fat; or becau&s;e they thicken the juices, that are thin, and apt to di&s;per&s;e, and &s;o make them &s;tick better to the part.</P>
<P>(For the <HI>Medicines,</HI> &s;ee <HI>Atrophia, BOOK</HI> I.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Mammarum Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of Womens Brea&s;ts.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Things to hinder the growth of them mu&s;t be applied with cau|tion. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In their Inflammation too violent Coolers and A&s;tringents mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t-be avoided in an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Over-hot things mu&s;t not be applied to an <HI>Oedema. IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be carefull how we u&s;e Topicks in a <HI>Scirrhus. V.</HI> (Concerning a Cancer of the Brea&s;ts, &s;ee <HI>BOOK III.</HI>)</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Swelling from Milk mu&s;t be cured with Di&s;cutients and Re|pellents. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;trumous one mu&s;t not be touched. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Impo&s;thume mu&s;t quickly be opened. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;lcers in Women, that give &s;uck, and ly in, are difficultly cu|red. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Abundance of Milk is abated by applying Attenuants. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By &s;etting Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the Back. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Brea&s;ts are loaden with Milk, they mu&s;t be drawn. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we rub the Brea&s;ts, we mu&s;t not doe it hard, for fear of an Inflammation. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care that the Impo&s;thumes may be as &s;mall as may be, when we cannot hinder the breeding of them. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t labour to draw them to the <HI>Superficies. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t be cautious, how we apply Hem|lock, Henbane, and &s;uch Narcoticks; and they mu&s;t by no means be applied to &s;uch as in|tend to give &s;uck: for they debilitate the innate heat, and extingui&s;h the galactopoietick faculty in the Brea&s;ts. A&s;tringents are the mo&s;t proper to ap|ply to Maids; but for Women, who&s;e Brea&s;ts are drawn too big, by giving of &s;uck, Driers and Di&s;|cutients are mo&s;t proper, whereby the excrementi|tious moi&s;ture remaining is con&s;umed and di&s;cu&s;|&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. When the Brea&s;ts are inflamed, we mu&s;t u&s;e Repellents at fir&s;t, yet not &s;trong ones, by any means, le&s;t the Heart be too much cooled, or the humour &s;hould &s;trike to it; but temperate ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">R. &agrave; Ca|&s;tro.</NOTE> with which we mu&s;t mix things that have a dige&s;tive and a di&s;|cutient faculty.</P>
<P N="3">III. If an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> &s;eize one, at the fir&s;t coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch a cure mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on, as is proper for an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas;</HI> and coolers, a&s;tringents, repellents, or fat things, mu&s;t by no means be ap|plyed to the part affected, but di&s;&s;olvers: giving Sudorificks immediately at the fir&s;t, to the end, the more &s;ubtile part of the bloud, which is inflamed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> may be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In an <HI>Oedema</HI> of the Brea&s;ts, di&s;&s;olving and di&s;cutient Topicks, and al&s;o things to &s;trengthen the Parts a little mu&s;t be u&s;ed; yet we mu&s;t have a care that we do not apply over-hot and di&s;cutient things. Becau&s;e hot Topicks may ea&s;ily draw Bloud to the Brea&s;ts, which are a fungous part, and this being mixt with Phlegm, affords matter for tedious and dangerous Tumours: And &s;trong Re&s;olvents di&s;|cu&s;s the more &s;ubtile parts, and leave the gro&s;&s;er;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> whence come <HI>Scirrhi.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Two things mu&s;t be ob&s;erved about a true <HI>Scirrhus</HI> of the Brea&s;ts. 1. That the thinner parts be not di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by the exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of heating and attenuating things, and the thick ones left, whence comes a &s;tony and incurable hardne&s;s. 2. That by the u&s;e of moi&s;tning and emollient things, the mat|ter be not as it were fermented, e&s;pecially if it be mixt; and &s;o of a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> it becomes a <HI>Cancer.</HI> There|fore the emollient things which are here applied, mu&s;t be hot in the &s;econd degree, and temperate as to the pa&s;&s;ive qualities, &s;o that they mu&s;t neither be dry nor moi&s;t, and in this differ from maturaters, becau&s;e they are moi&s;t. And this caution is more nece&s;&s;ary in a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> ari&s;ing from melancholy, than in one ari&s;ing from phlegm; for a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> which comes from melancholy, ea&s;ily turns to a <HI>Cancer.</HI> Therefore the advice of the Ancients is the &s;afe&s;t, that no drying or moi&s;tning medicine be u&s;ed alone: but either moi&s;tning and emollient things mu&s;t be u&s;ed with dige&s;tives by turns, or Moi&s;tners mu&s;t be mixt with Dige&s;tives. If it be a Ba&s;tard <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> and there be fear that it will turn to a <HI>Cancer,</HI> &s;ee|ing there is &s;ome pain, that may cau&s;e an afflux of Humours, &s;ome things mu&s;t be added to Emollients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which may hinder the flux of Humours.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Woman of her fir&s;t Child had a red, hard &s;welling aro&s;e in her Brea&s;t from too much Milk. <HI>Mayerne</HI> took it away perfectly, in two days, by a|nointing the Brea&s;ts with warm Honey three or four times, &s;trewing on every day &s;ome Powder of Cork: And with the like &s;ucce&s;s he u&s;ed in others Oil of Myrtles, and powder of Hor&s;e-tail, but with a dif|ferent Intention: for the&s;e repell,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 33.</NOTE> and the former di&s;cu&s;s.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It is not always &s;afe to try to maturate <HI>Stru|mae</HI> in the Brea&s;ts, &s;ince it may ea&s;ily &s;o be, that Ma|turaters may corrupt the matter, and the Tumour may turn to a <HI>Cancer.</HI> Women al&s;o will rarely en|dure cutting, and be&s;ides, &s;uch Tumours la&s;t a great many years, without any great inconvenience; nor do they in this place appear to the Eye,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> as they do in the Throat.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Women put off opening of an Impo&s;thume in the Brea&s;ts as long as they can; but it is to their prejudice, for, 1. The fibres are corroded.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> 2. The Membrane is too far extended. 3. The Bone is cor|roded; whence comes a perpetual Flux.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Ulcers in the Brea&s;ts are never happily nor ea&s;ily cured, if the Woman ly-in or give &s;uck, be|fore the Milk is dried up, and the motion of the bloud to the Brea&s;ts is &s;topt: For, &s;ince no Ulcer, unle&s;s it be without filth and dry, can be cured; as long as there is any afflux of humours thither, the cure will never &s;ucceed aright.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; We mu&s;t know al&s;o, that one &s;ore brea&s;t can hardly be heal|ed, unle&s;s the Milk be dried up in the other that is well: for the bloud comes out of the veins alike to them both. It may be dried up, if the Child
<PB N="372" REF="192"> do not &s;uck, and if Linen-clothes wet in water, be laid to the Brea&s;ts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">R. &agrave; Ca&s;tro.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Sometimes lying-in Women are troubled with too much Milk, which the &s;at of Serpents, anointed on the Brea&s;ts, does di&s;&s;ipate, by a pe|culiar property. Namely, not onely repellents do hinder the afflux, but attenuants al&s;o do make it either quickly run through the Nipple, or go back to the Womb within &s;even days. To which end, Sir <HI>Theodore Mayerne,</HI> Phy&s;ician to the Queen of <HI>England,</HI> applied <HI>Diachylum Ireatum</HI> with Powder of Sage and Oil of Ro&s;es, and with very good &s;ucce&s;s. Some commend Par&s;ly, or Pim|pernell with the Blew flower,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE> brui&s;ed and applied.</P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. Sect.</HI> 3. &s;ays, That the &s;houlders and brea&s;ts are puffed up after meat and drink: In which words he &s;hews the fir&s;t gene|ration of Milk, which is bred of the &s;weete&s;t juice, that the brea&s;ts and parts thereabout, e|&s;pecially the &s;houlders, draw to them&s;elves out of the Stomach, and turn it into Milk. And this, above all other things, may be proved by the &s;en&s;ible te&s;timony of the Nur&s;es, who, as &s;oon as ever they have either taken meat or drink, feel the matter of the Milk manife&s;tly to run into their brea&s;ts; which farther te&s;tifies, that this humour comes down from the &s;houlders, by the <HI>clavicles,</HI> to the brea&s;t: and they &s;ay, they feel it more evidently, while the Child actually &s;ucks. Whence it comes to pa&s;s, that nothing dimini&s;hes Nur&s;es Milk more, than &s;etting Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the back, which thing is well known to Nur&s;es, that they often refu&s;e this &s;ort of remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus,</HI> com. in cit. loc.</NOTE> le&s;t they &s;hould want Milk. &para; It is the firm opinion of ma|ny, that bloud does not afford matter to the Milk, but that the chylous, milky juice affords it, which is carried by peculiar Milk-ve&s;&s;els, to the Brea&s;ts, and to their <HI>Tubuli.</HI> And perhaps that re|markable chyliferous duct does contribute much to the carrying of that matter, for the breeding of Milk, ari&s;ing from the <HI>Pancreas</HI> thorow the brea&s;t, along the <HI>Aorta</HI> and <HI>Vertebrae</HI> to the ve|ry Neck, which in&s;erts &s;ome branches into the &s;ubclavian and jugular vein.</P>
<P N="12">XII. VVomen, that give &s;uck, have their brea&s;ts often grow hard and painfull, with an afflux of Milk; which may be cured in one days time, if the watry matter be often drawn out by &s;ucking. This evacuation being neglect|ed, or deferred, they grow harder and harder eve|ry day, yea, are inflamed; and &s;o in this ca&s;e Venae&s;ection,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> Purging, Coolers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are proper.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Sometimes breeding of Milk fails, through &s;ome fault in the bloud, but e&s;pecially through &s;ome fault in conformation, if the ve&s;&s;els, which tend to the Brea&s;ts, be too &s;mall, and it may be too &s;olid. This fault, I think, mu&s;t be cured &s;lowly, and by degrees, in part at lea&s;t, and in|deed by frequent and gentle friction of the place, by which the Bloud-ve&s;&s;els tend to the Brea&s;ts, adding emollient Unguents and Oils, by means whereof the Coats of the Arteries may be &s;oft|ned, and made lax, and by degrees made fit for enlargement, that being enlarged, they may carry more bloud to the Brea&s;ts. But we mu&s;t take great care,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> le&s;t by violent or long rubbing, the glands of the Brea&s;ts &s;hould be broken or hurt, and &s;o an occa&s;ion given for an Inflammati|on. We mu&s;t not make ha&s;te therefore, but we mu&s;t proceed &s;lowly in the amendment and muta|tion of the parts, e&s;pecially of the continent, from their natural &s;tate, becau&s;e it is difficultly and &s;lowly obtained.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. We mu&s;t take great care, that Impo|&s;thumes, e&s;pecially in the Brea&s;ts, may not onely not be bred at all, but that &s;uch Inflammations as cannot be prevented, may come quickly to &s;uppuration: And indeed, 1. that the manifold mi&s;chiefs &s;ub&s;equent or concomitant to Impo|&s;thumes may be avoided. 2. That the Impo&s;thume, being contained in a little room, the fewer parts may &s;uffer damage. 3. That by the <HI>Pus</HI> continu|ing long in any one place, and growing gradually more and more corrupt, more parts be not hurt, and e&s;pecially Ve&s;&s;els, becau&s;e the hurting of them prejudices health far more than the corruption of any fle&s;h. For we mu&s;t take notice, that in every &s;uppuration, be&s;ides the bloud it &s;elf, or Milk, that mu&s;t be turned into <HI>Pus,</HI> the neigh|bouring and circumjacent parts are often corrupt|ed, but fir&s;t the fle&s;hy and &s;oft, and the mem|branous more &s;lowly, and therefore the ve&s;&s;els them&s;elves, which being more firm and tenaci|ous, u&s;e longer to re&s;i&s;t corruption and corro&s;i|on. Hence, whenever after an Inflammation, and a &s;ub&s;equent &s;uppuration, an Impo&s;thume in the Brea&s;ts is opened, either by art, or of it &s;elf, and &s;ome of the lactiferous <HI>Tubuli</HI> are al&s;o hurt; whether this come by a great Suppurati|on, or by the Chirurgeon's thru&s;ting his Lancet too deep into it, the Milk comes out at ways where it &s;hould not, that is, by the Orifice of the opened Impo&s;thume, and not by the <HI>Tubuli</HI> of the Nipples.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. And as we mu&s;t endeavour, that all the&s;e things may be done, &s;o al&s;o we mu&s;t doe what in us lies, to draw the Impo&s;thume to the exter|nal parts, and to the &s;urface of the Body: for Impo&s;thumes that lie deep in, can neither be o|pened of them&s;elves, nor by Art, unle&s;s with the hurt of &s;everal parts. When they open of them&s;elves, this happens, becau&s;e the <HI>Pus</HI> makes its way &s;lowly to the &s;urface of the body, which in the mean time corrupts &s;everal adjoyning parts al&s;o, and now and then the ve&s;&s;els. When Im|po&s;thumes are opened by Art, it comes to pa&s;s, that while the Penknife mu&s;t be forced deep in, the Chirurgeon may ea&s;ily cut &s;ome Lactife|rous ducts, and &s;o occa&s;ion the coming out of the Milk by improper ways. And this mu&s;t therefore be e&s;pecially avoided, becau&s;e the cure of the Impo&s;thume, or rather of the Ulcer remaining af|ter the Impo&s;thume is open, is far flower: for ve&s;&s;els and ducts continually pouring out Milk, are difficultly and &s;lowly healed and clo&s;ed with fle&s;h, becau&s;e hollow Ulcers remaining after an Impo&s;thume, clean&s;e and fill &s;lowly. And the ef|fu&s;ion of Milk, by the &s;aid Ulcer, cannot be cu|red, till the &s;aid broken or eroded ve&s;&s;els, be healed with new fle&s;h, or at lea&s;t &s;o fenced with it, that it may give a natural pa&s;&s;age to the Milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> if any &s;uch thing can be.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. The &s;oft Leaves of A&s;h boiled in Water, and brui&s;ed, and applied hot, a&s;&s;wage the Pains of &s;ore brea&s;ts;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> and the con&s;tant u&s;e of them does wonder|fully di&s;cu&s;s. &para; Drinking the juice of River Crabs for 5 days in A&s;&s;es Milk, and eating the Crabs for 5 days: Such a Period &s;even times performed makes the <HI>Cancers</HI> very mild, &s;o that afterwards they may be cured by the u&s;e of &s;imple Epithemes.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is an approved Unguent in an exulcera|ted <HI>Cancer;</HI> Take of Oil of Ro&s;es, of unripe Olives, each half a pound, Goat's and Calf's Suet, Oint|ment of Ro&s;es, <HI>&V;ngu. Popul.</HI> each 2 ounces and an half, Juice of Night&s;hade, Plantain, Sorrel, each one ounce and an half, Pomegranate-wine 2 ounces and an half. Boil them on a gentle fire to the con&s;um|ption of the Juices. Strain them. Put to them of Ceru&s;s 2 drachms and an half, Litharge 5 drachms, burnt Lead, Antimony, each 10 drachms, Tutty 1 ounce and an half, white Wax what is &s;ufficient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arcaeus.</NOTE> Make a &s;oft Ointment.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Oleum Saturni</HI> excells all other things, it takes off the malignity of the <HI>Cancer,</HI> a&s;&s;wages pain, and often cicatrizes exulcerate <HI>Cancers.</HI></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="373" REF="192">
<HEAD><HI>Mania,</HI> or, Madne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Frequent Evacuations are nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t come to white <HI>Hellebore. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Salivation. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Nitre. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It has been cured by <HI>Arteriotomy. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The virtue of actual Cauteries. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t fly to Trepanning. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It has been cured by &s;craping off the Skin and <HI>Pericranium</HI> in part. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>As al&s;o by Guelding. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Madne&s;s proceeding from a Turgency of Seed, cured by fre|quent Venery. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Infu&s;ory Chirurgery. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum</HI> is profitable. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What form of Diet is convenient? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. LIke as experience hath taught, that other Di&s;ea&s;es, bred of &s;ome malignant matter, are &s;ometimes cured by many Evacuations, as the French Pox; &s;o I have often &s;een Empiricks cure &s;everal of Madne&s;s proceeding from a malignant mat|ter, by very great and frequent Evacuations, &s;uch namely as had been left off by other Phy&s;icians; and I have oft experienced the &s;ame my &s;elf. Blee|ding, &s;eeing it may evacuate not onely the bloud, but together with it the matter of the Di&s;ea&s;e lur|king in the Veins, will be the chief and princi|pal Remedy in Melancholy and Madne&s;s. Which though I know many have not taught, yea, that &s;ome have di&s;allowed; yet I have known by long ob&s;er|vation, that innumerable have been cured this way by tho&s;e who have profe&s;t the Cure of the&s;e Di&s;ea|&s;es: who, by opening Veins twenty times, yea, &s;ixty times, have &s;o recovered tho&s;e that were quite mad, or melancholick, that they have &s;ince then liv'd now a long time very well compos'd: And they u&s;ed not to be &s;olicitous in chu&s;ing a certain Vein, but they open'd this or that in the Arm or Foot, and &s;ometime otherwhere, indifferently. Which kind of Remedy neither ought we to neg|lect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus, <HI>tom.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> though we &s;hould u&s;e it with greater pru|dence.</P>
<P N="2">II. We mu&s;t come to the more generous Purga|tives, e&s;pecially to the more frequent u&s;e of black Hellebore, yea, even of white, yet not in &s;ub|&s;tance, but in infu&s;ion made with Wine: yet &s;o, that a drachm of the root of white Hellebore be onely infu&s;ed for the fir&s;t time in white Wine with|out boiling; the &s;econd time boil it, but onely gently; then boil it more &s;trongly, and &s;train it hard, and &s;o proceed by degrees to the &s;tronge&s;t Medicines: for in this Cure we mu&s;t per&s;i&s;t a good while; and that the humours may be brought forth the more ea&s;ily without danger of &s;uffocati|on, they are to be &s;often'd and attenuated by ba|thing the whole body in &s;weet water not too hot, having Mallows, Mar&s;hmallows, Chamaemel-flow|ers, Fenugreek-&s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in it: and after ta|king the Hellebore he may drink upon it five or &s;ix ounces of Barley Pti&s;an.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvat. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 53.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The Evacuation of the whole body by Mer|curial Salivation, though it be quite rejected by ma|ny, yet may it be u&s;ed with benefit for the Cure of Madne&s;s. Great hope is placed herein, when o|ther things have not &s;ucceeded.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Holfinccius, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 8. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Nitre is commended not without rea&s;on; for &s;eeing this Malady has its original from the impuri|ty, heat and re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s of the Spirits, Nitre does not onely clarifie all thick Smoak and fumous Flame,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>Pr. l.</HI> 1. <HI>par.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 15.</NOTE> but al&s;o fixes things that are volatile.</P>
<P N="5">V. I remember Arteriotomy has cured &s;ome of their Madne&s;s, that were kept in our Ho&s;pital of the Incu|rables; among others a young man of <HI>Bologn,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="6">VI. In Madne&s;s and Phren&s;ie actual Cauteries are commended by many both Ancients and Moderns, nor are they afraid of applying them to the coro|nal Suture; for they are per&s;uaded, that the hot and accended Vapours are di&s;&s;ipated out of the Head by exhalation when the skin of the Crown of the head is burnt. A Mad-man, &s;ays <HI>Gordonius,</HI> whil&s;t he kept the Wound of his Head open, was free from his Madne&s;s; which he fell again into a&s;&s;oon as the Wound was healed up. <HI>Gariopontus</HI> bids us cauterize both &s;ides of the <HI>Occiput. Dodonaeus</HI> &s;aw a Mad-man cured by a Cautery applied to the Nape of his Neck. The fiery heat of the Spirits &s;eems to di&s;&s;uade us from it, as if they would be more kindled thereby; but <HI>Epiph. Ferdinandus</HI> appealing to experience, 'Tis wonderfull, &s;ays he, how the Brain is cooled, and foul and dark Vapours di&s;&s;ipated by it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolf. <HI>meth, p.</HI> 413.</NOTE> &para; That which I have found to profit greatly, are I&s;&s;ues: for if an I&s;&s;ue be made, and be kept open, either in the Nape of the Neck, or upon the Co|ronal Suture, 'tis certainly very profitable, be|cau&s;e not onely black and hot Vapours are di&s;&s;ipa|ted and brought forth by tho&s;e holes, but it al&s;o cools, and con&s;equently, that black and adu&s;t hu|mour is emptied. But not onely does an I&s;&s;ue or two in the Head help; but if &s;ome be made in both Arms and both Legs al&s;o, they relieve won|derfully. And I know that a young Nobleman here at <HI>Padua</HI> being mad, after infinite other Re|medies, was at la&s;t re&s;tored to his right mind by four I&s;&s;ues in his Arms and Legs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurial. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. The la&s;t refuge in this Di&s;ea&s;e is to apply a Potential Cautery betwixt the Coronal and Sagittal Suture, which is let alone till it have &s;o far ero|ded as that the Bone is laid bare: then let the Skull be opened with a Trepan,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hartman.</HI> Pr. Chym. c. <HI>3.</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> and let the place remain open for a month.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. I have &s;een a Mountebank, who at the middle of the Coronal and Sagittal Suture &s;crap'd off the Skin with a Penknife till the Bone was laid bare,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severin.</HI> Med. offic. p. <HI>84.</HI></NOTE> and by keeping the Ulcer long open cu|red &s;ome.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A Youth being mad, after the u&s;e of the mo&s;t powerfull Remedies, as Antimony, Arteriotomy and Trepanning, was at la&s;t guelt, whereupon his Madne&s;s cea&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Form. <HI>ap.</HI> River. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 32.</NOTE> but it degenerated into a Melan|cholick doating.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Mad woman at <HI>Padua,</HI> &s;peaking always of Venereal things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 69.</NOTE> being kept in the Ho&s;pital and of|ten laid with by the Servants, recovered.</P>
<P N="11">XI. A Patient, thirty four years old, &s;even or eight years ago became mad, upon a di&s;appoint|ment in Love, where he had conceived an hope of a va&s;t fortune. The fir&s;t exorbitance was very vi|olent, and la&s;ted for ten months, without any lucid interval, but afterwards, recovering his right mind by degrees, he was married. But before he had been married a year, he relap&s;ed, and has divers times for the&s;e &s;ix or &s;even la&s;t years returned to his right mind. But it is to be ob&s;erved, 1. That that Indi&s;po&s;ition never la&s;ted le&s;s than eight or ten months without any relaxation, notwith&s;tanding all that could be done. 2. That a Per&s;on of great fame undertook to cure him, and u&s;ed Venae&s;ecti|on in the Feet, Arms, Head, even till eighteen times, and bathed him forty times; to &s;ay nothing of ap|plications to the <HI>Sinciput,</HI> and Potions: But in&s;tead of amending, the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eemed to be made wor&s;e by the&s;e Remedies: His Phren&s;ie was always peri|odical, and never remitted but by little and little: And the Remi&s;&s;ion happened rather when nothing was done to him, than when he was toiled with Medicines. La&s;t of all, about four months ago, he relap&s;ed into a <HI>delirium</HI> in a place about twelve miles di&s;tant from <HI>Paris;</HI> where he was &s;hut up, yea tied with bands. But, notwith&s;tanding all the care, he one time got loo&s;e and e&s;caped, being quite na|ked, and ran directly to <HI>Paris</HI> on a dark night. D. <HI>Montmorius,</HI> being moved with Pity, re&s;olved to
<PB N="374" REF="193"> get him into one of the Ho&s;pitals, but withall thought of Transfu&s;ion, of which &s;ome experiments had been already made: But as to the Cure of &s;o great a raving, we did not think our &s;elves &s;uffici|ently in&s;tructed by experience to dare to promi&s;e it; and our conjectures went no farther than to think that perhaps the fre&s;h <HI>Bloud of a Calf</HI> might a&s;|&s;wage the heat and ebullition of his Bloud if it were mixed with it. Therefore on the ninteenth of <HI>December,</HI> D. <HI>Emere&s;ius</HI> opened the <HI>crural Artery of a Calf,</HI> and made all the nece&s;&s;ary Preparations; and having let ten ounces of bloud out of a vein in the right Arm of the Patient, we could transfu&s;e into it no more than about five or &s;ix ounces of the Calf's-bloud, becau&s;e his violent po&s;ture, and the crowd of Spectatours interrupted us. In the mean while the Patient, as he &s;aid, felt a great heat in his Arm and Armpits, and perceiving him going to &s;woon, we pre&s;ently &s;topt the bloud that was a flowing in, and clo&s;ed up the orifice. Yet after two hours he ate his Supper; and though he was dull and &s;leepy betwixt whiles, yet he pa&s;t that night over with the u&s;ual exorbitances: Yet the next morning we found him le&s;s raving, whence we believed, that by repeating the Transfu&s;ion there would a greater alteration be made in him: There|fore we prepared our &s;elves to repeat the Transfu&s;i|on at &s;ix a Clock in the evening, in the pre&s;ence of many skifull Phy&s;icians, <HI>Bourdelot, Lallier, Dodar, de Bour|ges</HI> and <HI>Vaillant:</HI> But becau&s;e the man &s;eemed to be very lean, and it was not probable that his bloud offended in quantity, after having &s;pent three or four days without &s;leep or refre&s;hment, in the cold, running naked about the Streets, we onely took two or three ounces of bloud from him at this time; and after we had placed him in a convenient po&s;ture, we performed this &s;econd Transfu&s;ion in his left Arm more plentifully than we had done be|fore: for, con&s;idering the bloud that remained in the Calf after the operation, the Patient mu&s;t needs have received more than a pound of bloud. As this &s;econd Transfu&s;ion was larger, &s;o were its effects quicker and more con&s;iderable. A&s;&s;oon as the bloud entred into his Veins, he felt the &s;ame heat all along his Arm and in his Armpits which he had done be|fore: His Pul&s;e was forthwith rai&s;ed, and a while after we ob&s;erved a great Sweat &s;prinkled all over his face. His Pul&s;e at this moment was very much altered; and he complained of a great Pain and Il|ne&s;s at his Stomach, and that he &s;hould be pre&s;ently choaked, unle&s;s we would let him go. The Pipe whereby the bloud was derived into his Veins, was pre&s;ently drawn out, and while we were bu&s;ied in doing up the wound, he vomited up what he had eat before, and be&s;ides, both pi&s;t and &s;hit: By and by he was laid in his bed, and after he had for two hours &s;u&s;tained much violence, vomiting up divers liquours which had di&s;turbed his Stomach, he fell into a profound Sleep about ten a clock, and &s;lept all that night without intermi&s;&s;ion till eight a clock the next day, being Thur&s;day. When he awaked he &s;eem'd wonderfully compos'd and in his right mind, expre&s;&s;ing the Pain and univer&s;al wearine&s;s that he felt in all his members. He pi&s;t a large gla&s;s full of &s;uch black Urine, that you would have &s;aid it had been mixt with Soot: He was &s;leepy all that day, &s;pake little, and de&s;ired that he might be &s;uf|fered to be quiet: He al&s;o &s;lept well all the next night. Making water on Friday morning, he fil|led another gla&s;s with Urine that was altogether as black as that he made the morning before. He bled a pretty deal at the No&s;e, and therefore we thought it convenient to take from him two or three Porrin|gers of bloud. In the mean time, his Wife, who had &s;ought him from one City to another, came to <HI>Paris;</HI> and he, as &s;oon as he &s;aw her, rejoiced great|ly, and related to her with great con&s;tancy of mind &s;everal chances that had befallen him as he wan|dred about the Streets, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> He is now of a very quiet &s;pirit, minds his bu&s;ine&s;s very well, &s;leeps long without interruption, though, he &s;ays, he has &s;ometimes confu&s;ed and trouble&s;ome Dreams. This Story is taken out of an Epi&s;tle of <HI>J. Denys,</HI> Doctour of Phy&s;ick and Profe&s;&s;our of Philo&s;ophy and Ma|thematicks at <HI>Paris,</HI> concerning Transfu&s;ion of bloud, and infu&s;ory Chirurgery.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Let <HI>Laudanum</HI> be given to the Mad to pro|cure Sleep, temper the Brain, and hinder the a&s;cent of &s;moaky Exhalations.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Theod. de Mayerne,</HI> Tract. de Laudano, MS.</NOTE> But becau&s;e &s;uch Patients do commonly refu&s;e Medicines, and 'tis very hard to get them to &s;wallow a &s;olid Pill, the <HI>Laudanum</HI> may be di&s;&s;olved in any convenient Liquour.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. I think it is not inconvenient to u&s;e a pret|ty gro&s;s and plentifull Diet; for to tho&s;e who&s;e fa|culty is &s;trong with defect of humours, <HI>Galen,</HI> (1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 17.) bids us allow Victuals plentifully and often. Nor is it inconvenient that &s;omewhat remain crude and phlegmatick; yea, 'tis profitable on the ac|count of moi&s;tning and cooling: For per&s;ons in this condition are &s;eldom indeed recovered, for this rea|&s;on, becau&s;e generally they eat far le&s;s than is con|venient: nay, 'tis &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e both fair and foul means to compell them to eat their Victuals.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Prax. c.</HI> 18.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Melancholy. (See <HI>Hypochondriacal Affection,</HI> Book VII.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether bloud be to be let in every Melancholy? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Subtile or thin bloud is not to be let out. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of the <HI>Hemorrhoids</HI> is not always profitable. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;trong Purgers may be u&s;ed, and how <HI>Hellebore</HI> is to be corrected? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;eldom purge with Pills. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It does not always require Purging. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of the Flowers of <HI>Antimony. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Hellebore. VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of the Extract of <HI>Coloquintida. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The rea&s;on why <HI>Hippocrates</HI> frequently u&s;ed <HI>Hellebore. X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Confectio Hamech</HI> is not &s;o convenient and profitable. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgers are to be given towards evening. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is very good in this Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In every <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of it, regard is to be had to the <HI>Hypochon|dres</HI> and the whole body. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the Brain and Heart. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Preparers ought to be moi&s;t. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of <HI>Acidulae. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of A&s;&s;es Milk. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what regard Vomitories doe good. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flatus</HI> do not always forbid the giving of Whey in the Hypo|chondriacal Melancholy. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alteration and Corroboration are the chief Indications. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> be to be rejected becau&s;e of the <HI>Lapis Lazuli? XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Woman cured by <HI>Arteriotomy. XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether I&s;&s;ues be profitable? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether I&s;&s;ues upon the coronal Suture be profitable? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sugared things are hurtfull in adu&s;t Melancholy. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the u&s;e of Wine, <HI>&s;ee &sect; XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be profitable to u&s;e <HI>Venery? XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An ea&s;ie Remedy for Hypochondriacal Melancholy. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Melancholi&s;ts are calmly and gently to be dealt withall. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t upon Remedies too pertinaciou&s;ly. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether boring of the Skull be profitable? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THERE is no greater rea&s;on for Fear in any thing of Phy&s;ick, than to take either more or le&s;s Bloud from the Melancholick than is fitting. For in the&s;e we &s;hould be afraid of this Remedy, becau&s;e of their Fear and Sadne&s;s, where|with they are always nece&s;&s;arily affected through the di&s;&s;ipation, &s;uffocation or diminution of the vi|tal
<PB N="375" REF="193"> &s;pirits which the melancholick have &s;o great need of: and moreover, in Bleeding, commonly that which is more thick is retained within, whil&s;t the more &s;ubtile and profitable part of the bloud is eva|cuated. Nor do we (as many advi&s;e) approve of permitting the bloud to flow freely if it look thick when the Vein is opened; and to &s;top it, if it look thin: For it is better to weigh by an exact and more certain conjecture, whether bloud is to be let or no: For oft when the efferve&s;cence of the bloud has been let alone and no bloud let, the Di&s;temper has degenerated from Melancholy into Madne&s;s. Wherefore we mu&s;t con&s;ider in this bu&s;ine&s;s whe|ther the Liver being too hot and dry, breed too much of this humour; or, when a great deal of bloud is bred, it burn it up through its own hot Intemperature, or that of the whole body, from an internal or external occa&s;ion; or, whether the bloud of the Hemorrhoids, Terms, or <HI>Varices</HI> be &s;uppre&s;t; Then truly bloud is to be let pre&s;ently, yet not in that quantity we would &s;uffer it to flow in, if there were a redundance of bloud with the other humours: Something is to be allowed to the Di&s;ea&s;e of Melancholy, which for the afore&s;aid rea|&s;ons does not admit of it. But when either the affections of the mind, or famine, care, want of &s;leep, love and &s;uch like induce a Melancholy, the nature of the thing advi&s;es us to ab&s;tain wholly from Bleeding; e&s;pecially if we under&s;tand that long e|vacuations either of the bloud or of the belly have preceded: the rather, if the body look lean, &s;hri|vel'd, withered, be wa&s;ted with cares, and be of a black colour: or if you find that there is a great deal of an adu&s;t, thick, cold and dry humour, but not much bloud: upon the account of all which things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 17.</NOTE> I think it was &s;aid by the Ancients, that Bleeding does the Melancholick little good.</P>
<P N="2">II. In Bleeding we mu&s;t give diligent heed that the thicker bloud be not left within, and the thin and profitable drawn forth. <HI>Galen</HI> indeed advi&s;es us, that if the bloud which flows out be not me|lancholick, it is pre&s;ently to be &s;topt; but others tell us it often happens, that though the bloud be thin at fir&s;t, yet that which is thick follows after|wards.</P>
<P N="3">III. It is an errour, not onely of the vulgar, but al&s;o of &s;ome Phy&s;icians, that the Hemorrhoids al|ways benefit the Melancholick. There are many Hypochondriacal Melancholi&s;ts, and of other &s;orts, to whom the opening of the Hemorrhoid Veins is pre&s;cribed among&s;t the chief Remedies, as if tho&s;e Veins evacuated a thicker bloud than other Veins, which I think to be very ab&s;urd: The Authority of the Ancients and Moderns, and mine own expe|rience per&s;uade me to this opinion. Among&s;t the mo&s;t ancient <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3.) thought that the opening of the Hemorrhoids (not by Lee|ches or otherwi&s;e, which few have con&s;ider'd, but) by Nature her &s;elf is very profitable for preventing and curing very many Di&s;ea&s;es bred of thin bloud, as the Pleuri&s;ie, Peripneumony, <HI>Phagedoena</HI> (or fret|ting Ulcer) Biles, Lepro&s;ie and other &s;uch like. Yet it is not to be denied, that the &s;ame profit tho&s;e mad Melancholi&s;ts that labour under black Choler, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s opinion, <HI>Aphor.</HI> 11. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 6. The Hemorrhoids &s;upervening, &s;ays he, are profitable to tho&s;e who are troubled with Melan|choly and the Stone: He &s;peaks not a word of pro|voking them, but onely approves of them, if Na|ture unlock them of her own accord. Now they flow not onely from a melancholick bloud, but al|&s;o from any other: for Nature oft makes u&s;e of this flux to purge the bloud, if there be any thing faulty in it, or if its quantity exceed, as in the too great abundance of bloud in women with child, or &s;uch who&s;e Terms are &s;topt, and in the maimed, whence bloud flows plentifully by them. Hence <HI>Actuarius, m. m. cap.</HI> 20. ob&s;erves, that be&s;ides from melancholick bloud the&s;e Veins are opened in tho&s;e who intermit their u&s;ual exerci&s;es, that u&s;e too full a Diet; who&s;e accu&s;tomed evacuations from other parts, as the No&s;e or Womb, are &s;topt, or who have u&s;ed to be let bloud. Later Anato|mi&s;ts have ob&s;erved that the Hemorrhoids are two|fold, &s;ome &s;pring from the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> and others from the <HI>Vena portae;</HI> that tho&s;e evacuate a more thin and pure bloud, and the&s;e a thicker. But this they do not doe always, for a bloud that is pretty pure is &s;ometimes evacuated by the&s;e latter, and a thicker by the former. Wherefore unle&s;s Nature &s;hew that &s;he attempts that evacuation, the&s;e Veins are not to be ra&s;hly opened, and if a pure and &s;parkling bloud come forth, they are to be &s;topt pre&s;ently, for the Melancholick are wor&s;e by their evacuation. When any opens them, he cannot promi&s;e him&s;elf for certain that a melancholick bloud onely &s;hall be emptied, and not that which is pure and &s;parkling. But if any have been accu&s;tom'd to them, and be upon the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of them become melancholick, mad, nephritical, or epileptical, it will not be un|profitable to open them again, that the humour which has its reflux towards the upper parts, may be more &s;afely poured forth by the accu&s;tomed ways, who&s;e pa&s;&s;ages are &s;topt up. But if Nature do not affect this way, we ought not to make a cu&s;tome of it; as <HI>Galen</HI> teaches, 4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 25. That we &s;hould not accu&s;tome our &s;elves to that evacuation that is made by the Hemorrhoids; and <HI>Hollerius</HI> does rightly deny the opening of them, if they do not &s;well and have never flowed before: But if Nature incline that way, in imitation of her, we may o|pen them, otherwi&s;e by no means. For though Na|ture do &s;ometimes profitably evacuate bloud by the Hemorrhoids, yet we may not always imitate her; as in Fevers, &s;he &s;ometimes carries off the Di&s;ea&s;e by Bleeding at the No&s;e, or by Sweat, but who will dare to open the Veins of the No&s;trils, or to provoke Sweat, before &s;igns of concoction, or be|fore Nature have &s;hewn her inclination? The &s;ame we mu&s;t think of the Hemorrhoids. Yet the&s;e things are not to be under&s;tood of particular Di&s;ea&s;es, for in them particular Veins may be opened; thus we profitably procure Bleeding at the No&s;e in a Phren|&s;ie, or Head-ach, becau&s;e the&s;e Veins communicate with the part affected: Thus in the Nephritical and Splenical the Veins of the <HI>anus</HI> may be opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;.</HI> de vulg. err. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>51.</HI></NOTE> but never in other Di&s;ea&s;es that are more univer&s;al, unle&s;s Nature follow this motion.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As to Purgers, there is (&s;ays<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>Apud</HI> Scholtz. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 174.</NOTE> <HI>Crato</HI>) in Hellebore a certain poi&s;onous drine&s;s and moi&s;ture to be corrected, of which correction I might &s;ay many things, unle&s;s I remembred that of <HI>Me&s;ue,</HI> That it is a degree of wi&s;edom not to come to &s;trong Medicines &s;ave when weak have not benefited. And although I know that almo&s;t all Practitioners do ad|vi&s;e to give the &s;tronge&s;t Medicines; yet I am per|&s;uaded by <HI>Me&s;ue,</HI> that a weak Medicine often re|peated does the &s;ame thing (and with le&s;s danger) as a &s;trong does at once and together; and I have learnt this to be true by the experience of many years. I &s;ay nothing of how many and whom I have cured, that have been ill of this Di&s;ea&s;e, though I could do this truly; but I can truly affirm, that I never us'd <HI>Lapis Lazuli,</HI> or Scammoniates. I know that <HI>Senna</HI> is not onely &s;afe, but moreover inoffen&s;ive to the Stomach and gratefull to the Heart: Let the Practitioner u&s;e it as I have done in melancholick Di&s;ea&s;es. Thus far <HI>Crato.</HI> &para; White Hellebore is celebrated by all Writers in Phy&s;ick for melancho|lick and maniack Di&s;ea&s;es: But 'tis better &s;o to prepare it, that it may work by &s;tool, than that it &s;hould work by vomit: The manner of its prepa|ration is this: Boil it in Balm-water to the con&s;ump|tion of half; and in the &s;trained decoction boil &s;ome Prunes, then with &s;ome <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> newly drawn pa&s;s it through a Sieve, and with Cinnamon and Sugar make an Electuary: Or let its root be infu&s;ed in the Pulp of Quinces, and then taking away the root
<PB N="376" REF="194"> give the Quince. Or infu&s;e it in <HI>Me&s;ue</HI>'s decoction of <HI>Epithymum,</HI> which give with the compound Syrup of Polypody. But before the giving of it the hu|mours are to be prepared for three days by Atte|nuaters and Inciders, and the body is to be moi&s;t|ned with Meats of good juice in plenty, by &s;leep, re&s;t and anointing the Body all over, and the Bel|ly is to be loo&s;ned by Cly&s;ters of Oil, or of Milk and Butter. <HI>See Sect.</HI> 11. <HI>of</HI> Mania.</P>
<P N="5">V. Of Pills we mu&s;t chu&s;e tho&s;e which evacuate gently and without trouble, and not tho&s;e which evacuate &s;trongly: Yet potions are to be preferr'd, as drying le&s;s than Pills: for Pills evacuate much and &s;trongly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rondelet.</HI> c. de Melan.</NOTE> and dry the body beyond mea&s;ure, by which drying the Patient is made wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Melancholy in this place &s;ignifies not an hu|mour, but a Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed by the melancholick humour, becau&s;e many think this humour alone to be the cau&s;e thereof, and direct all their Reme|dies to this alone: But many things &s;hew that it is not always cau&s;ed by this humour and by vapours therefrom. For we often &s;ee that tho&s;e who la|bour under this &s;ymptome, have no &s;igns of this humour abounding; yea, that per&s;ons of any tem|per may &s;ometimes be thus affected, from the <HI>in|temperies</HI> alone either of the Brain or Spirits. <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> when he reckons up the &s;igns, mentions one|ly Fear and Sadne&s;s. <HI>Matthaeus, comm. in</HI> 9. <HI>Alman&s;.</HI> by the authority of <HI>Rha&s;is,</HI> will have &s;trong and long cogitations to bring on this Pa&s;&s;ion, without chan|ging of the complexion really; and that men be|come &s;ad when they cannot obtain the effect of things they think of. We often &s;ee how fruitle&s;|ly Phy&s;icians torture &s;uch Melancholicks with Pur|gings and divers other Remedies, who are cured pre&s;ently after, onely by the change of their ima|gination. One that believed he wanted an Head, was cured by onely putting a leaden Cap on his Head, without any purging, alteration, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which could not have been, if that clammy and &s;tubborn humour had been pre&s;ent. We meet with many &s;uch Stories, whence 'tis clear that &s;uch imagining per&s;ons are not always to be troubled with Medi|cines which bring hurt to the body, and no relief to the mind: for the cau&s;e lies not always in the humours, but in an <HI>intemperies</HI> alone, or al&s;o in the Spirits, which being either quieted, or &s;ent off far from the Heart and Brain, the malady cea&s;es, and joy &s;ucceeds &s;adne&s;s; for nothing can obey &s;uch motions but the Spirits: An <HI>intemperies</HI> cannot pa&s;s off, nor &s;o &s;tubborn an humour be evacuated and lo&s;e the de&s;tructivene&s;s of its nature &s;o &s;uddenly, e&s;pecially in a malady that is confirm'd by a long tract of time. Hence <HI>Rha&s;is,</HI> 1. <HI>contin.</HI> &s;ays, <HI>That &s;ometimes there is a Melancholy when the humours are good, and he that has this di&s;po&s;ition needs not any Medicine; and this is, when any thinks of &s;ome fact with great eagerne&s;s, and is cur'd by onely changing his imagination, either by words or &s;ome other device. Avicen</HI> al&s;o confe&s;&s;es that it may be cau&s;ed by an <HI>intemperies</HI> without matter. But be&s;ides, there is another <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of Melancholy, that depends not at all on an humour, <HI>viz.</HI> that which is cau&s;ed by Love, to which men of all temperatures are &s;ub|ject, e&s;pecially the &s;anguine, and &s;uch who&s;e te&s;ti|cles have a hot <HI>intemperies;</HI> the Melancholick are not &s;o often nor &s;o &s;trongly affected in &s;uch ca&s;es. That this is not cau&s;ed by any humour, as it is an humour, appears from hence, that it &s;pares no hu|mour, and may be, what humour &s;oever prevail; and be&s;ides, it invades tho&s;e who are of a good con&s;titution of humours, what &s;uch &s;oever tho&s;e be, onely from the apprehen&s;ion of a lovely object; and &s;eldom invades tho&s;e who labour under a pu|trefaction or corruption of humours, but &s;uch as are otherwi&s;e healthfull, and can be cured neither by Hellebore nor other Evacuations. If a Di&s;ea&s;e at length &s;ucceed &s;uch a long imagination, the Mad|ne&s;s preceded the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;.</HI> err. vulg. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE> and this depends on that, and not that upon this.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Becau&s;e Melancholi&s;ts are con&s;tant onely in incon&s;tancy, they are apt to refu&s;e Medicines, in which ca&s;e I recommend the Flowers of Antimony, reputed by <HI>Fon&s;eca</HI> a &s;pecifick Remedy of Melancho|ly, and oft experienced by my &s;elf al&s;o &s;o to be, given to fifteen grains at the lea&s;t: or half a gla&s;s of thin White-wine in which &s;ix grains of the gla&s;s of Antimony have been infu&s;ed for a night,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 24.</NOTE> that at length we may come to the u&s;e of Hellebore.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Before the giving of Hellebore the body is to be &s;ufficiently moi&s;tned, drinking every mor|ning for a week a pint and an half of clarified Whey with the Juice of Borage; or di&s;till'd Whey with an Emul&s;ion of Melon-&s;eeds: The Hellebore is to be given in the form of an Extract, beginning with half a drachm, with a little <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> and after an hour giving a good quantity of prepared Whey, e|&s;pecially when the Hellebore is biting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Of what avail the Extract of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> is in Melancholy, is &s;hewn by the example of a Maid that was ill of a dumpi&s;h Melancholy for almo&s;t a whole year, and afterwards, upon my giving of her <HI>Extract. diacolocynth.</HI> di&s;&s;olved in a decoction of Prunes, returned to a &s;ound mind beyond all hope and expectation. It expelled the morbifick matter by &s;tool in great plenty with rumblings, and the &s;tools were all mucous and phlegmatick, and &s;o &s;li|my and vi&s;cid, that they would hang together like a Rope. After &s;he was come a little to her &s;elf, &s;he thought that all her body was full of a black and melancholick humour, and therefore &s;he diligent|ly viewed her excrements, among&s;t which I got &s;ome writing Ink to be poured. Another woman that was of a melancholick con&s;titution, and barren, being afflicted with melancholick Pa&s;&s;ions, expec|ting now and then the Heads-men and Executio|ners,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ch. Garman. <HI>mi&s;c. cur. ann.</HI> 1672. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 202.</NOTE> was cured by me at length with giving her the Extract of <HI>Trochi&s;c. Alhandal,</HI> and by a good wile. &para; I obtained the &s;ame effect by an infu&s;ion onely of <HI>Senna</HI> with <HI>Tartar,</HI> in the water of Balm, Bo|rage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> given for three days without the addition of any other Purger. The Noble young Gentle|man, <HI>Bernas,</HI> of the Illu&s;trious Family of <HI>Wattenville,</HI> labour'd under a great Melancholy, both e&s;&s;ential and hypochondriacal; He had addicted him&s;elf to the Study of Phy&s;ick, and had taken very many Remedies: Upon the u&s;e of a laxative Pti&s;an he voided &s;uch &s;tinking, thick, tough, black &s;tuff, that being fully per&s;uaded that he had expelled pieces of his Guts, he got me to be call'd; yea, a Mini|&s;ter al&s;o that might take Care of his Soul. I bad him be of good chear, and &s;hewed the conque&s;t of the Di&s;ea&s;e, demon&s;trating to him, that that filthy &s;tuff was expelled out of the Me&s;araick ve&s;&s;els, Spleen and neighbouring ve&s;&s;els, and that the <HI>Vi&s;ce|ra</HI> and Guts were not violated at all. Being &s;etled in his mind and merry, after four days (in the year 1658.) he returned into his own Countrey, and by Letter certified me of his firm health, returning me thanks.</P>
<P N="10">X. Purging, ina&s;much as it withdraws the Fuel of the Di&s;ea&s;e from the fir&s;t ways, and removes the Impediments of other Medicines, ought to be made u&s;e of at the beginning, and to be repeated betwixt whiles. But whereas &s;ome think that for the quicker rooting out the Di&s;ea&s;e, Hellebore and <HI>Elaterium</HI> are chiefly to be u&s;ed, and alledge the authority of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> we &s;hall find, if we mind the &s;ucce&s;s, that the&s;e are not &s;o generally conve|nient, but that they do often hurt tho&s;e that take them very much: For &s;trong Purgers do in no wi&s;e take away the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> the Dy&s;cra|&s;ie of the bloud, but rather increa&s;e it: And more|over they do farther weaken and ca&s;t down the ani|mal Spirits that are already dejected. But Helle|bore is therefore pre&s;cribed &s;o often by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> becau&s;e in his time there were hardly any other Purgers known, at lea&s;t they were not in frequent u&s;e. But now 'tis much better to drain the recep|tacles
<PB N="377" REF="194"> of the humours, by gentler and milder Me|dicines, and to clean&s;e onely the bowels and fir&s;t ways without great commotions of the bloud and &s;pirits.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. As to <HI>Confectio Hamech,</HI> it is di&s;approved by &s;ome Phy&s;icians: <HI>Solenander</HI> &s;ays, (<HI>&s;ect.</HI> 5. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 22.) that <HI>Hamech</HI> has made a wonderfull hodge-podge in his Confection, and has boil'd tho&s;e things which are not to be boiled, and hath confounded together things very much unlike, and at length hath made an horrid Confection without any Art of Phy&s;icians, &s;uch as can be gratefull to none: I &s;ay nothing of the acrimonious Medicines, as Scammony and <HI>Colo|quintida,</HI> that are put in it. <HI>Rondeletius</HI> is of the &s;ame opinion, who &s;ays, that it is onely good again&s;t the naughty Ichors of the humours. <HI>Fernelius</HI> di&s;approves of it al&s;o. And in truth it &s;eems to be no well com|po&s;ed Confection, e&s;pecially for the great quantity of Myrobalans that is in it, which bind: For though the <HI>Arabians</HI> u&s;ed them frequently; yet, they had them fre&s;h, which we have not: and if any have a mind to u&s;e them, they are much fitter for naughty Ichors, Itch, and the like cutaneous Di&s;ea|&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> than for Melancholy.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Al&s;o becau&s;e the melancholick humour u&s;es to be moved towards evening, it &s;eems convenient to give Purgers about four a clock in the afternoon, onely tho&s;e that are gentle, and to continue them for &s;ome days: But Preparers may be given in the morning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> has the preheminence in hypochondri|ack Melancholy from adu&s;t Choler: For <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> does not (as mo&s;t think) therefore loo&s;en the Belly be|cau&s;e it is &s;lippery and &s;oft, but becau&s;e it is indued with a peculiar purgative virtue, whereby it brings forth both Choler, Melancholy and thick Phlegm, not onely out of the Inte&s;tines and fir&s;t Veins, but al&s;o very plentifully out of the whole lower belly, e&s;pecially when the belly has been fir&s;t prepared by Baths: Wherefore let Atrabilary Melancholi&s;ts u&s;e it frequently, either alone, or mixt with Rhubarb; for 'tis very profitable for all Melancholi&s;ts, becau&s;e it moi&s;tens and cools the Bowels, and a&s;&s;wageth the fiercene&s;s of black Choler. If it do not purge ef|fectually drink after it a little of the Decoction of the Leaves of <HI>Senna.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchirid. Med. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Whence &s;oever the Di&s;ea&s;e have drawn its fir&s;t original, we mu&s;t fir&s;t note, That the whole body ought to be freed from the melancholick hu|mour, and from all the filth of other humours. Secondly, That the chief Cure be always directed to the Hypochondres, &s;eeing the fir&s;t generation of the melancholick humour is in the Liver and Spleen, and the collection thereof u&s;es to be in all the re|gion of the Hypochondres: Therefore the Cure of the hypochondriacal affection may &s;uffice for the Cure of the other <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of Melancholy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 14.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Though a melancholick <HI>Delirium</HI> never hap|pen but when the Brain is primarily affected; yet, &s;eeing 'tis always joined with &s;ome affection of the mind, and the affections of the mind very much al|ter and affect the heart, it can hardly be that that &s;hould not be withall affected; therefore in the Cure we mu&s;t al&s;o have re&s;pect to the Heart: e|&s;pecially becau&s;e if the vital Spirit be impure and dark, this fault is communicated to the animal Spi|rits and Brain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. There is nothing which is better for the concocting and preparing of the melancholick hu|mour, than moi&s;t things: For its drine&s;s is the cau&s;e why it re&s;i&s;teth the Cure, and does not ea&s;ily yield to Medicines. Wine, unle&s;s it affected the Head, and were a little of the hotte&s;t, were mo&s;t conve|nient for concocting, maturating and preparing the melancholick humour;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rondeleti|us,</HI> cap. de Melanch.</NOTE> wherefore 'tis good to make u&s;e of it in all melancholick Di&s;ea&s;es wherein the Head is not affected. &para; Melancholi&s;ts are rather to be moi&s;tned with Meats and Baths, or Potions and irrigations, than their bodies to be heated and dried with laxative Medicines. <HI>Galen</HI> writes (3. <HI>de loc. affect. c. ult.</HI>) that he cured a melancholick per&s;on with the u&s;e of a Bath of &s;weet water and a moi&s;t Diet. If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from <HI>intemperies,</HI> a long moi&s;tning cures and conquers it: if from an humour, it prepares the matter for evacuation: for 'tis the drine&s;s alone which makes dry Di&s;ea&s;es hard to cure: For &s;uch Patients are then cured when they wax fat, which is a certain &s;ign of moi&s;t|ning. Wherefore we mu&s;t endeavour to moi&s;ten all the body by Baths, e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e a|ri&s;e from the whole body: but if the head be one|ly in fault, then is the head onely to be moi&s;t|ned, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. The Mineral Waters that are impregnated by Iron, u&s;e to contribute much to the Cure of the Melancholick, ina&s;much namely as being drunk plentifully, they wa&s;h away the Salino-&s;ulphureous tincture of the bloud, and de&s;troy its evil ferments. Moreover, they clean&s;e away the filth from the <HI>Vi|&s;cera,</HI> open ob&s;tructions, and, which is of great benefit, by their a&s;triction they both &s;trengthen the weak and over loo&s;e <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and al&s;o &s;hut the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els that gape into the Brain, &s;o that there is no pa&s;&s;age into it granted to any preterna|tural matter along with the nervous juice. And for this rea&s;on, namely, for &s;trengthning the <HI>Vi&s;ce|ra,</HI> and &s;hutting the pa&s;&s;ages into the Brain, the Vitriolick preparations of Iron u&s;e to doe good in Melancholy, and al&s;o in the <HI>Vertigo.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Tho&s;e things being premi&s;ed that ought to be, in a Melancholy from an adu&s;t humour with ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> we mu&s;t come to the u&s;e of A&s;&s;es Milk, yet with Sugar, that it may &s;often the more &s;tubborn dried ob&s;tructions, and temper the heat of the Liver and Veins without injuring the Brain, becau&s;e of its &s;hort &s;tay in the &s;tomach, as being of a very thin &s;ub&s;tance, not buttery, nor very chee&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 24. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> &para; The mo&s;t excellent and experien|ced <HI>Wepfer</HI> u&s;es not onely A&s;&s;es Milk, but al&s;o Goat's and Cow's, with benefit.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Vomitories (as in mo&s;t Cephalick Di&s;ea|&s;es that want a Fever) are wont to help in a pecu|liar &s;ort in all kinds of Madne&s;s. The rea&s;on here|of con&s;i&s;ts partly in this, that the vi&s;cous &s;tuff that loads the Stomach, and very much dulls the mind, being evacuated, the Spirits becoming thereby fre|er, do expand them&s;elves more briskly and cheer|fully: and be&s;ides, Vomiting, ina&s;much as it com|pre&s;&s;es and empties the neighbouring receptacles of the humours, namely, the Gall-bladder, the duct of the <HI>Pancreas</HI> and the Glands of the Me&s;entery, hinders their Contents from being tran&s;lated to the Head.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. I e&s;teem that Preparation of Steel the mo&s;t profitable and &s;afe, which is made with the Acid of Sulphur, and is commonly called <HI>Crocus Martis a|peritivus;</HI> It is to be given to three grains with half a drachm of <HI>Pil. de tribus</HI> with Rhubarb, an hour after which let the Patient drink a pint of Barley-water or of clarified Goat's-whey: Nor need we fear <HI>fla|tus,</HI> &s;eeing they are hot and dry, and not cold and moi&s;t, as is commonly believed. Continue in the u&s;e hereof for twelve days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con&s;.</HI> 23. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t not u&s;e Catharticks continually, nor too often, but 'tis &s;ufficient to give them once in &s;ix or &s;even days; and at other times, if the Pa|tient be co&s;tive, let him take Cly&s;ters. As to other Medicines which are not evacuating, though the Ancients laid but little, yet we lay the greate&s;t &s;tre&s;s of the Cure upon them. They (with whom ma|ny Moderns al&s;o con&s;ent) ordered nothing more to be done for the Cure of Melancholy, but to purge off the Melancholick humour: Wherefore, e&s;tee|ming Purging to be of the greate&s;t moment, they pre&s;cribe other Phy&s;ick onely for the &s;ake of this, calling all the re&s;t Preparatory: with the intention, namely, that a&s;&s;oon as the humour was reduced to a fit con&s;i&s;tence by altering Medicines, and the ways
<PB N="378" REF="195"> were open enough for its evacuation, it might at length be expelled by Purgers. Which kind of Hypothe&s;is &s;eems incongruous both to rea&s;on and medical experience, namely, becau&s;e the Melan|cholick receive rather hurt than benefit from fre|quent Purging, though made u&s;e of never &s;o me|thodically. We therefore, placing the Cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e in the Di&s;cra&s;ies of the bloud and &s;pirits, and in the weakne&s;s or bad conformation of the <HI>Vi|&s;cera</HI> and Brain, e&s;teem Alteratives and Corrobora|tives for the Remedies of the fir&s;t rank, and onely for the &s;ake of the&s;e do &s;ometimes intermix Ca|tharticks. Purging therefore being pre&s;cribed rightly and with due intervals for the removing of impediments, proceed to Alteratives and Corrobo|ratives in divers forms: As for example: Take of the Con&s;erve of the flowers of the Gilli-flower call'd <HI>Tunica,</HI> and of Borage, of each two ounces and an half; of the candied rinds of Myrobalans &s;ix drachms, of Coral and Pearl prepared of each a drachm and half, of Ivory and Crabs-eyes of each a drachm, of <HI>Confectio de hyacinth.</HI> two drachms, of the Syrup of Corals or red Popies, as much as &s;uffices to make an Electuary. The Do&s;e is two drachms morning and evening, drinking &s;ome Cordial Julep after it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Among&s;t Corroboratives, <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> is of great efficacy, as exhilarating, and re&s;i&s;ting fear and &s;adne&s;s, if it be rightly prepared. And the <HI>Lapis Lazuli,</HI> which &s;ome think &s;hould be omitted in this confection, has not onely a virtue to purge, as <HI>Avicen</HI> witne&s;&s;es, but al&s;o to &s;eparate melancho|lick vapours from the bloud.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. A Nun of thirty years old, having the courage and voice of a Man, thick and black Hair, and a ruddy colour in her Cheeks, having labour'd under great and oft returning Pains in her Head, fell afterwards into a continual Melancholy. The ordinary Remedies not prevailing, making an inci|&s;ion in the Temple artery, I drew half a pound of bloud: And, which was wonderfull, all things were pre&s;ently allayed, and &s;he quite recovered: The e&s;tuating di&s;temper of her Brain was cured by this Remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Severinus,</HI> Med. Eff. p. <HI>46.</HI></NOTE> even as a Coal is quenched by throw|ing water on it.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. I&s;&s;ues are profitable to tho&s;e who are of a melancholick habit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin. <HI>re&s;p.</HI> 43.</NOTE> becau&s;e, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> affirms, they have very ichorous bloud. &para; I&s;&s;ues are com|mended, but in that Melancholy which is with matter;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE> but let them be made in the lower parts, in the Thighs or Hips. &para; In hypochondriacal Melancholy we u&s;e to make I&s;&s;ues in the Legs or Thighs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 50.</NOTE> which I have known doe a great deal of good.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Some commend an I&s;&s;ue made upon the concour&s;e of the &s;agittal and coronal Suture: I think &s;ome impure vapours may exhale through &s;uch an ulcerous hole; but am of opinion that many in|conveniences happen thereby: for, be&s;ides that va|pours are drawn from the lower parts to a noble part, an ab&s;ce&s;s is made above the Di&s;ea&s;e: where|as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> writes, that Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, which are as it were the Outlets of Nature, onely help then, when they are below the Di&s;ea&s;e, and very far from the Belly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 6.</NOTE> or very remote from the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. In the fir&s;t Preparation of the humours &s;ome Cream of Tartar may be added to decoctions and di&s;tilled waters; for by a certain &s;ympathy it moves, ferments and draws acid humours to it &s;elf, whence Chymi&s;ts call adu&s;t Melancholy, Tartar. The &s;econd Preparation is better performed by clarified Juices than by &s;ugared Syrups;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>con|&s;ult.</HI> 23. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> for the&s;e latter ex|cite heat, as being &s;weet, and puff up the <HI>Vi&s;cera.</HI></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Whether mu&s;t the Melancholick u&s;e <HI>Ve|nery?</HI> di&s;tingui&s;h thus: If any become &s;uch by the retention of corrupt &s;eed, whether he be hypochon|driacal or not, and be not yet e&s;&s;entially weak, he will doubtle&s;s be relieved by u&s;ing of it: for Eva|cuation cures Di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from Repletion, when &s;uch things are expelled as are fitting, that is, the proper matter and cau&s;e of every Di&s;ea&s;e. But as to others it is unprofitable and hurtfull, by coo|ling, drying and exhau&s;ting of the Spirits: If it doe good, that happens from the re&s;olution of &s;ome <HI>fla|tus,</HI> and from being cheered by it, but then it mu&s;t not be too frequent, nor the party very weak.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. A Profe&s;&s;our of <HI>Padua</HI> being almo&s;t wa|&s;ted off his Legs by long cour&s;es of Phy&s;ick every year without any benefit, at length taking up new re&s;olutions, drove away the Di&s;ea&s;e by taking a me&s;s of Succory pottage for the fir&s;t cour&s;e every meal.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. We &s;trictly admoni&s;h, not to di&s;turb and provoke the&s;e Per&s;ons: For tho&s;e are madder than the Patient, who, when they &s;eem to be plac'd in au|thority, u&s;e it un&s;ea&s;onably; who fright him that is already frighted, and do &s;tubbornly and froward|ly endeavour to withdraw from &s;tubbornne&s;s and frowardne&s;s which are the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato <HI>apud</HI> Scholtz. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 174.</NOTE> for they are not to be ca&s;t down, but to be cheared up. &para; Sometimes we mu&s;t indulge them &s;omething, e&s;pecially when we know that their fancy is bent upon this or that: for, as the imagination commands the humours and &s;pirits; &s;o it may be that by the means thereof the innate heat may be excited, and &s;ometimes of its own accord vanqui&s;h the morbifick cau&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Hor&s;t <HI>De|cad. probl.</HI> 10.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. This is to be noted, from <HI>A&euml;tius,</HI> that we mu&s;t &s;ometimes, for &s;ome while, ab&s;tain from all Phy&s;ick, and that &s;ome re&s;t is to be granted to Nature, which having been afflicted with continu|al Remedies, is recreated when &s;he is let alone, and more &s;trongly &s;ets upon and conquers the Di&s;|ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. A young Man, of thirty years of age, was ill of a very &s;tubborn Melancholy: The Skull being carefully opened by <HI>J. Ca&s;&s;. Placentinus,</HI> though there was no &s;u&s;picion of <HI>pus</HI> lying upon the mem|brane,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 43. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> he was recovered by the eventilation of his Brain. &para; The <HI>Terebration,</HI> or Boring through of the Brain, is the la&s;t Remedy, the &s;afe&s;t and mo&s;t pro|fitable of all: For if &s;uperficial Ulcers ari&s;ing in the Head have cured the Melancholick, as <HI>Hollerius,</HI> and others te&s;tifie; how much greater benefit may we believe that Ulcer will bring which penetrates the Skull? Yet that perforation &s;hall &s;uffice me which reaches to the marrow or middle, with the removing of the outer <HI>Lamina</HI> of the Skull, without hurting the <HI>Dura mater,</HI> le&s;t the Brain be too much cooled: and this &s;hall be done by making a Caute|ry near the coronal Suture with a red hot and &s;harp Iron, penetrating even to the marrow, (or to be|twixt the <HI>Laminae</HI>) rather than by true <HI>Terebration:</HI> I &s;ay <HI>near</HI> the Suture, to avoid hurting the Membrane which pa&s;&s;es out by the Sutures: If this be done, and be kept open with a pellet, it may benefit ve|ry much.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 58.</NOTE> See Examples in <HI>Rolfinc. meth. &s;pec. p.</HI> 413. <HI>Rhodius, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 43.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The Weakne&s;s of the Memory and Mind.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Memory is not always to be re&s;tored by heating Medi|cines. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Abu&s;e of <HI>Confectio Anacardina &amp; Aqua magnani|mitatis. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where I&s;&s;ues are to be made? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Efficacy. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Treacle and Mithridate ought to be rejected in Weakne&s;s of Mind. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Can hardly con&s;ent to <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion, that Forgetfulne&s;s depends on a cold Intempera|ture, becau&s;e I know &s;everal that have very cold
<PB N="379" REF="195"> Brains without impairing of their Memory, which yet ought to follow, if <HI>Galen</HI>'s Arguments from the &s;imilitude of efficient Cau&s;es, and from the &s;imili|tude of cold Animals, were of any &s;trength. I have &s;een the contrary in &s;ome forgetfull per&s;ons who&s;e Cure I have undertaken, in whom there was no ma|nife&s;t &s;ign of Cold: In &s;ome I di&s;covered a notable Heat of the Brain, whom I helped by the applica|tion of cooling Remedies about the coronal Suture. I deny not but there is in many a notable dry In|temperature; but I doubt whether the Memory be either dimini&s;hed or aboli&s;hed by this Intempera|ture alone. Some ca&s;es ob&s;erved by me increa&s;e the doubting: I have known &s;ome lo&s;e their Memory quite by a great blow on the Head: <HI>Galen,</HI> from <HI>Thucydides,</HI> relates, that &s;ome who recovered of a Pe&s;tilence, forgat all things that were by-pa&s;t; And what cold Intemperature is to be accu&s;ed here? I have &s;een a Woman that forgot all things, who by a &s;pontaneous loo&s;ne&s;s, by which &s;he evacuated cholerick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Salv. Div. <HI>Annot. in</HI> Altimar. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> bloudy, green, mucous and the like &s;tuff, recover'd her lo&s;t Memory, without the applicati|on of any particular Medicine to the Brain it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="2">II. The pernicious cu&s;tome both of Phy&s;icians and others is to be condemned, who being indued with a weak Memory from their fir&s;t con&s;titution, endeavour by violent Medicines to recover that which they have not lo&s;t. For you may find young Students, not a few, who being de&s;irous of a good Memory, beg both by Intreaty and Money, that <HI>Confectio anacardina</HI> may be given them: Whence not a few either un&s;ettle their Judgment, or better not their Memory at all, or are tormented with great Pains in their Head. For who knows not, that if we would change the natural temper of the Brain, or any part, into a better, we mu&s;t act lei&s;urely, and by degrees, not with vehement and the mo&s;t effectual Remedies, as tho&s;e are which are made of <HI>Anacardum?</HI> which finding in the Heads and Bodies of young men nothing that is preternaturally thick, cold and moi&s;t, do wa&s;te and weaken the natural temper and &s;ub&s;tance, whence proceed a thou&s;and kinds of harms, and the Memory perhaps becomes wor&s;e. Such things help tho&s;e indeed who&s;e Me|mories are hurt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus, <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 19.</NOTE> if they were good before by their natural con&s;titution. &para; It is called <HI>Confectio Sapien|tum:</HI> Yet it is to be given warily, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e that are well, for &s;trengthning their Memory: whence &s;ome give half a drachm or le&s;s of it in hot water, that its too much drying may be remitted: But tho&s;e who have their principal members hot are by no means to u&s;e it: For even Experience has taught this, that &s;ome have indeed acquired to them&s;elves an admirable Memory by this confecti|on, but have not been very lively, and have died in the very flower of their age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus, <HI>pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>part.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE> by having their body too much dried. &para; In both confirming and re&s;toring the Memory <HI>Aqua magnanimitatis</HI> is of won|derfull virtue (which &s;ee in <HI>Schroder</HI>'s <HI>Pharmac. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 38. and <HI>Hofman. in clavi, p.</HI> 50.) 'Twill be more powerfull, if the <HI>Species anacardinae</HI> be extracted with it; from three to &s;ix grains of who&s;e e&s;&s;ence being given once or twice a week in Wine or Lavender-water, is a &s;ingular Remedy. But note that this Water dries very much, and therefore its u&s;e in the cholerick and more dry ought to be rare and with caution; &s;o that 'tis rather good for the phlegmatick and melancholick. &para; See concerning its efficacy, and another preparation of it in <HI>Mi&s;cell. curio&s;. ann.</HI> 3. <HI>viz.</HI> 1672. <HI>p.</HI> 605. from <HI>Wedelius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. <HI>prax. c.</HI> 14. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2.</NOTE> where there is mo&s;t excellent Coun&s;el for an impaired Me|mory.</P>
<P N="3">III. I&s;&s;ues help in the&s;e ca&s;es; becau&s;e when hu|mours abound in the Brain, it helps if they be eva|cuated by little and little and turned a&s;ide from the Brain. But note, that as I commend an I&s;&s;ue in the Armes, &s;o I condemn it in the <HI>Occiput,</HI> becau&s;e that place is the Seat of the Memory,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 18.</NOTE> and 'tis pernicious to evacuate the whole body by the part affected.</P>
<P N="4">IV. I am wont to make I&s;&s;ues in the Head with very good &s;ucce&s;s when the Memory is lo&s;t, and Ratiocination impaired, e&s;pecially in ca&s;e of a cold and moi&s;t Intemperature; but the body mu&s;t be fir&s;t well purged.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinandus, <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 47.</NOTE> They mu&s;t be made near or up|on the Sutures, three or four, or more, as &s;hall &s;eem nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some commend Treacle and Mithridate, which I had rather omit, becau&s;e of the <HI>Opium</HI> which makes all the Sen&s;es &s;tupid or more langui&s;hing, though it have been a long time made; I &s;ay, 'tis better to let them alone, &s;eeing there want not other things, and no pain or nece&s;&s;ity requires them here, nor is there any malignity of humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Men&s;ium fluor nimius,</HI> or, The too large Flux of the Terms.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bleeding is very good. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t often purge. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Vomits have place. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks are unfit to make derivation. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents and Incra&s;&s;aters being u&s;ed long doe harm. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opiates are profitable. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether A&s;tringents are to be applied. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of this Flux joined with an hy&s;terical Suffocation. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Cau&s;es and Cure. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. PHlebotomy for Revul&s;ion is to be celebra|ted in the Arme, ever and anon &s;topping the orifice a little while with your finger. A good quantity of bloud is to be let,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> as much as the &s;trength can bear. &para; I have known many who have been cured by being let bloud largely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Holler. <HI>aph.</HI> 50. 5.</NOTE> when the flux could be &s;tenched by no other Remedies.</P>
<P N="2">II. Some Lenitive Medicine is not inconvenient, which may bring Sero&s;ities plentifully out by &s;tool: for, be&s;ides that it may make a Diver&s;ion, it will clean&s;e the fir&s;t ways, and prepare them for the u&s;e of A&s;tringents. Let it therefore be either Manna with Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, or <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> with the Powder of yellow Myrobalans and magi&s;tery of Mechoacan.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In an Hemorrhage of the Womb though <HI>H. Petraeus, di&s;&s;ert.</HI> 47. and <HI>Lazarus Riverius, lib.</HI> 9. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 3. per&s;uades us that Vomitories are very profita|ble, as being a greatly revelling Medicine; yet in the very Fit we quite reject them: But out of the Fit, if the condition and motion of the humour require it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> we admit the u&s;e of the &s;ame with great caution, as <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es <HI>in comm. Epid.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. If the too great flux have its ri&s;e from a &s;e|rous, thin and watry bloud, that is to be evacuated; for that being evacuated, &s;eeing the bloud is made more fluid by it, this &s;tays of its own accord; and this is done very well by Hydragogues, as Mechoa|can and Rheubarb, and by Sudorificks. Some think, that in this ca&s;e derivation may be made to the pa&s;|&s;ages of Urine by Diureticks; But Diureticks do not derive the bloud it &s;elf. For though they may derive thin humours, mixt with the bloud, to the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages; yet there is fear le&s;t by fu&s;ing the bloud, they make it more fluxile,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sennertus,</HI> cap. propr.</NOTE> and increa&s;e its violent motion to the Womb.</P>
<P N="5">V. When the di&s;ea&s;e is inveterate, things that a&s;tringe, and incra&s;&s;ate much, are not to be u&s;ed long, for there is danger le&s;t they &s;tuff up, clo&s;e and con&s;tringe the pa&s;&s;ages, and &s;o breed ob&s;tructi|ons, and doe great harm to the principal bowels (which are wont to receive notable prejudice in this di&s;ea&s;e:) But 'tis much better to in&s;i&s;t upon &s;trengthners of the Liver, which bind indeed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laz. River. <HI>l.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> yet &s;o moderately, that they can doe no harm thereby.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Opiate Medicines are profitable: For like as when Nature is provoked by too &s;trong Purgers,
<PB N="380" REF="196"> &s;he expells not onely the excrements of the pro|per humours, which are drawn by the Medicine, but withall, &s;uch as are profitable; &s;o al&s;o does it fall out here; Nature indeed begins to expell that which is unprofitable, but through a furious irri|tation &s;he exceeds in her work of expul&s;ion, &s;o that her natural work becomes &s;ymptomatical. In this ca&s;e 'tis nece&s;&s;ary that the depraved motion of Nature be &s;tayed, which after other common Medi|cines may be done by u&s;ing Narcoticks. But 'tis to be noted, that we mu&s;t u&s;e Opiates warily, be|cau&s;e Womens innate heat being but weak, they are therefore more vehemently affected by Stupefy|ers. But we doubt not, but in ca&s;e of nece&s;&s;ity, having con&s;idered the circum&s;tances well, we may doe more to our de&s;ire by three or four grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> Opiate rightly prepared, than if we fruit|le&s;ly repeat even to loathing, tho&s;e a&s;tringent poti|ons which con&s;i&s;t of &s;o many Ingredients: And in &s;o great a &s;pace of time as is requi&s;ite for the ta|king of &s;o many remedies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t. <HI>decad.</HI> 10. <HI>probl.</HI> 2.</NOTE> How greatly mu&s;t the &s;trength and &s;pirits be &s;pent? &para; When the Terms flow exce&s;&s;ively, and will be &s;tayed by no other &s;ort of Medicine, we rightly make u&s;e of correct|ed <HI>Opium;</HI> which my Wife experienced &s;ix years ago, who by this means was &s;natched even out of the Jaws of death,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. l. <HI>10.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> the fervour of her bloud being reduced to a due temper by the u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t have a care how we u&s;e tho&s;e things that have a compre&s;&s;ing virtue: for &s;eeing the&s;e do compre&s;s the part to which they are ap|plied,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M rcat.</HI> de in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">icat. med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> they will nece&s;&s;arily repell in the affected and flowing womb the humours that are &s;taying there, and by con&s;equence will increa&s;e the fluxion.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Wench had her Terms flow &s;o very plentifully, that &s;he evacuated four or five pounds of bloud in two hours time, whereby &s;he was &s;o greatly affected, that &s;he lay &s;peechle&s;s and dead as it were, yet having her eyes open, and &s;ignifying by her hand, that &s;he was &s;trangled: But &s;he was cu|red of all by this potion: Take of the Waters of Orange-flower, Ro&s;es and Plantain of each an ounce, of <HI>Sang. draconis</HI> twelve grains, of <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> one drachm: mix them, and make a potion. This was repeated after three hours, &s;he having taken &s;ome Gruel in the mean time. Upon the fir&s;t do&s;e all the Symptoms remitted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 94.</NOTE> and after the &s;econd they all cea&s;ed.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Terms continue to flow longer than u|&s;ual, Fir&s;t, through the abounding of a laudable bloud, and the &s;traitne&s;s of the ve&s;&s;els. Secondly, through the too great fluidity and &s;ero&s;ity of the &s;ame, and al&s;o the &s;traitne&s;s of the ve&s;&s;els. Third|ly, through the pa&s;&s;ages of the womb being too o|pen, and not contracting and &s;traitning them&s;elves again &s;oon enough, and &s;o through the womb's be|ing weak. Fourthly, Through &s;ome great affecti|on of the Mind, Anger, Fear. Fifthly, Through the heat of the Air, e&s;pecially when joined with moi&s;ture. Sixthly, Through the too great moti|on and wearying of the body, as al&s;o want of &s;leep joined therewith. Seventhly, Through eating and drinking too Aromatick things, or abu&s;ing Medi|cines that too powerfully provoke the Terms. 1. When the bloud abounds too much in the bo|dy, and the ve&s;&s;els are &s;trait, if there in&s;ue no no|table detriment to health, the Flux is not then to be e&s;teemed preternatural, though it be &s;omewhat trouble&s;ome to Women, but they mu&s;t bear it pati|ently, for if they &s;hould endeavour a change, there is danger they will receive more harm than benefit thereby: For either the abounding bloud is to be dimini&s;hed by Venae&s;ection, or the ways are to be made more open by Inciders and Emollients: But by opening a Vein the pre&s;ent flux is often &s;tayed, if we bleed in the Arm; or is too much promoted, if in the Foot: And if, by Inciders, we endeavour to make the pa&s;&s;ages more open, there is danger le&s;t the bloud be made withall too thin and fluid, and the Flux &s;hould become too great: If by Emol|lients we attempt the enlargement of the &s;ame ways, the &s;trength of the Womb will be in danger of being prejudic'd, and more and greater inconve|niences follow than that we would change. 'Tis therefore better patiently to endure that trouble, than be&s;ides the uncertainty of making the de&s;ired change, to incur perhaps the evident danger of the greate&s;t di&s;ea&s;es. 2. When the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb are &s;o narrow, as that the bloud can flow but &s;low|ly by them, being it &s;elf moderate both in quanti|ty and quality, and the long continuing flux of the Terms is not &s;o much grievous and hurtfull, as trou|ble&s;ome; in &s;uch ca&s;e neither ought it to be e&s;teem|ed as preternatural: wherefore, as was &s;aid ju&s;t now, Women are rather to be exhorted to a due patience, than by much toil, and an uncertain event to be ca&s;t into danger of &s;ome more grievous di|&s;ea&s;e. For whether we endeavour a cure by Inci|ders and Openers, or by Emollients, the Woman will incur the forementioned danger: and therefore I advi&s;e every practi&s;er of Phy&s;ick to ab&s;tain there|from. 3. When the bloud is too fluid and &s;erous, and the ve&s;&s;els al&s;o too &s;trait (for otherwi&s;e, if the ways were open enough, the bloud would flow forth more abundantly, and therefore al&s;o in le&s;s time) the flux of the Terms continuing too long, &s;hall be cured, by u&s;ing Medicines, that both re|&s;tore a due con&s;i&s;tence to the bloud, and al&s;o open the pa&s;&s;ages &s;lowly and gently. Tho&s;e things, by degrees, increa&s;e the con&s;i&s;tence of the bloud, which le&s;&s;en the &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture in it, and which do more incra&s;&s;ate it. Hydragogues, Sudorificks and Diureticks do le&s;&s;en its &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture: and the &s;ame is prevented by u&s;ing more &s;olid aliment diluted but with a little drink, and moderate ex|erci&s;e of body. Things a little &s;owr being ta|ken oft, and in a little quantity, do incra&s;&s;ate the bloud better than any thing el&s;e. As to things that gently and lei&s;urely open the pa&s;&s;ages of the Womb, Externals are more convenient than Inter|nals; for the&s;e latter would be apt to increa&s;e the fluidity of the bloud. Externals &s;hall be both In|ciders and Emollients, which &s;hall be u&s;ed in the form of a fomentation and bath. I &s;aid, that Inci|ders may be joined with Emollients, becau&s;e mo&s;t Inciders are al&s;o Aromaticks, and therefore &s;trength|ners of the Womb, which Emollients do in &s;ome &s;ort weaken. Therefore le&s;t while we cure one di&s;ea&s;e we cau&s;e another, 'tis good to u&s;e Medi|cines that may prevent new mi&s;chiefs. I added, that the fore&s;aid things may be conveniently u&s;ed in the form of a fomentation or bath, and that E|mollients may be joined with Inciders, becau&s;e &s;o they will go directly to the Womb, (the other parts being untoucht, at lea&s;t unhurt) and open its ve&s;&s;els lei&s;urely and gently. 4. When the ve&s;&s;els of the womb are too open, and do not contract them&s;elves again &s;oon enough, and &s;o are the cau&s;e of a too long continued men&s;trual flux, then are &s;uch things to be u&s;ed as lei&s;urely, and gently &s;trengthen and a&s;tringe the womb and its ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially Externals. 5. When the affections of the mind are a great cau&s;e, then is the mind to be re|duced to tranquillity. If the bloud be become too acrimonious and fluid through vehement anger, it will be temper'd e&s;pecially by &s;owr things, u&s;ed oft a little at a time. La&s;tly, The womb being much weakened and loo&s;ened by &s;ome great affection of mind, it &s;hall be &s;trengthened by A&s;tringents, both &s;uch as are &s;omewhat &s;owr, and al&s;o Aromatick, e&s;pecially mixt together. 6. VVhen the great heat of the Air, joined with moi&s;ture, is the cau&s;e of a too long flux, then it is cured by changing the Air. 7. VVhen much, or over-great motion of the bo|dy have preceded, Re&s;t is to be pre&s;cribed and ob|&s;erved: in which ca&s;e kindly &s;leep is to be procu|red, both by Emul&s;ions, and al&s;o Opiates, not ta|king too much at once, but often. La&s;tly, If the
<PB N="381" REF="196"> bloud be made too &s;harp and fluid by Aromatical Sauces, or Medicines, let it be gently corrected, temper'd and thickned, e&s;pecially by &s;owr and tart things, but &s;uch as are more mild, taking them now and then in a &s;mall quantity; for the&s;e will not one|ly take away that too great fluidity of the bloud, but al&s;o gently &s;trengthen and con&s;tringe the womb that is too open and gaping. To the&s;e I would have Aromaticks joined, but tho&s;e that are le&s;s A|crimonious, as Nutmeg and the like, that &s;owr things may be better temper'd,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;. <HI>prax. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and the bloud not curdled too much, or the womb &s;traitned above mea&s;ure.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Men&s;ium &s;uppre&s;&s;io,</HI> or, Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms. (<HI>See</HI> Men&s;es moventia, <HI>BOOK XIX.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bloud mu&s;t always be let in the Foot? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some lean Women may be bled. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be proper for every Suppre&s;&s;ion? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Opening of the Haemorrhoids may be tried? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening of the veins in the Neck of the Womb by Leeches. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are not good for every one. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they &s;top for the &s;traitne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els, how they may be moved? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Aperient Medicines hurtfull, when they are &s;topt by compre&s;&s;i|on. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be provoked, where there is want of bloud. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emmenagogues mu&s;t follow &V;niver&s;als. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be given in a large Do&s;e. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are given in a Bath, they operate mo&s;t &s;ucce&s;sful|ly. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some generous Remedies in a pertinacious ob&s;truction. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom Pe&s;&s;aries and &V;terine Cly&s;ters are proper? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of Suffumigations. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues are good. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not make ha&s;te in the Cure. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of their &s;toppage, accompanied with Spitting of Bloud. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI> his cure of it from Ob&s;truction. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The lower parts mu&s;t be kept hot. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t follow Nature's Guidance. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A provident care mu&s;t be taken of them, in whom they are &s;topt, by rea&s;on of their Age. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Suppre&s;sion, by rea&s;on the bloud is tran&s;lated to the Haemorrhoids. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Specificks mu&s;t be made u&s;e of. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF the Suppre&s;&s;ion ari&s;e from too great a quantity of Bloud, the quantity mu&s;t be a|bated by bleeding liberally in the Arm: For, if the lower veins were fir&s;t opened, the bloud would be drawn more towards the Womb, where it would cau&s;e a greater ob&s;truction and di&s;ten&s;ion of the ve&s;&s;els, with danger of their breaking, or of an In|flammation of the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; A certain Woman, a foreigner, of a Sanguine Complexion, had divers Ails, ari&s;ing chiefly from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her <HI>Men&s;es:</HI> for which, when the Phy&s;icians there pre&s;ent had u&s;ed divers remedies, and they appeared contuma|cious, the Advice of the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Mountpelier</HI> was de&s;ired. And in the relation, the ordinary Phy|&s;icians took e&s;pecial notice of this, which they won|dred at, and craved a rea&s;on for it, namely, That when a vein was opened in her foot, her Terms &s;topt: but when &s;he was let bloud in the Arm, they ran more freely. Which events &s;eemed con|trary to Rea&s;on, and to the common Tenets of Phy|&s;icians, which hold, that the Terms are provoked by opening the Lower veins, but that they are &s;topt by opening the upper. To this Query it was an|&s;wered, That the&s;e Events were agreeable both to Rea&s;on and to <HI>Galen</HI>'s Doctrine: For &s;eeing this Woman was Plethorick, and that the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her Terms aro&s;e from exce&s;s of bloud, &s;o di&s;tend|ing the ve&s;&s;els, that they could not well contract them&s;elves, when the bloud was drawn to tho&s;e places, by opening of the lower veins, the ob&s;truc|tion was increa&s;ed: But when retraction of the Bloud was made by the upper veins from the ve&s;|&s;els of the womb, and their plenitude and di&s;ten&s;i|on was abated, then they could with ea&s;e contract them&s;elves for natural and ordinary expul&s;ion, which is made by the Womb. And this rea&s;on is backt by <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion, 10. <HI>Method.</HI> 2. That Ob&s;tructi|on i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> cau&s;ed not onely by the thickne&s;s of Humours, but by their abundance. Therefore the Phy&s;icians there pre&s;ent were advi&s;ed, to abate the <HI>Plethora</HI> by bleeding plentifully in the Arm: and that after|wards they &s;hould draw the bloud downwards, by opening the lower veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ob&s; <HI>2.</HI> cent. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> e&s;pecially about the time the Patient u&s;ed to have her Terms.</P>
<P N="2">II. It happens &s;ometimes, that the &s;topt Terms, being retained in the Veins, acquire a bad quality, by rea&s;on whereof the bloud is rendred le&s;s fit to nouri&s;h the parts; whereupon a Leanne&s;s and Ex|tenuation of the body follows, though the veins re|main full of much, but bad bloud: Then bleeding with a liberal hand u&s;es to doe much good: Which is confirmed by a plain In&s;tance in <HI>Galen,</HI> who, 3. 6. <HI>Epidem.</HI> by taking away no &s;mall quantity of Bloud from a Woman, who had had a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her Terms for eight months, and was extreme lean, quickly re&s;tored her to her proper habit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. By this method <HI>(See Section XIII.)</HI> which is ea&s;ie and gentle, without all violence, I have brought down the Terms in &s;everal Maids, u&s;ing no letting or evacuation of bloud for that end; unle&s;s exce&s;s of bloud, which is very rare, did concur; which indeed &s;ometimes is afterwards ob&s;erved in the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, &s;carce ever when they are not yet come down, nor unle&s;s &s;ome great errour be committed in Diet about the time when they are fir&s;t ready to come down. For the &s;ake of young Phy&s;icians I explain the matter. I think that bloud &s;carce ever abounds in Girls, in whom the Terms do not come down of them&s;elves, at the time of Pu|be&s;cence, except they have committed &s;ome great errour in their diet, though they be often &s;uppre&s;|&s;ed in the elder, when they are plethorick: For young Girls are more carefully looked to by their Mothers or Governe&s;&s;es, and they have not &s;o great a liberty of Diet allowed them, as to be able to commit any notable Errour. But the ca&s;e is other|wi&s;e in them that are grown, who, as being better ex|erci&s;ed in humane affairs, have a greater liberty and opportunity of offending allowed them. I &s;aid, that a <HI>Plethora</HI> is very rarely ob&s;erved in Girls about the time of Pube&s;cence, becau&s;e about that time their bodies grow mo&s;t; and in that growth much of the bloud is &s;pent, &s;o that abundance of it &s;carce ever concurs: But after the body is grown to a due &s;ta|ture, no wonder, in a healthy body, when the mind is chearfull, and their food is of a laudable juice; and they eat a &s;ufficient quantity of it, if a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and abundance of bloud be produced. And when there is a <HI>Plethora</HI> in tho&s;e that are grown, and are beyond the fir&s;t years of their Pube&s;cence; no won|der al&s;o, if when they have a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of their Terms, Venae&s;ection now and then have place, not &s;o much to move them again, as to dimini&s;h the <HI>Plethora.</HI> But if, when there is no remarkable di&s;ea&s;e, or fault in the ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, the Terms never|thele&s;s do not flow, becau&s;e of a <HI>Plethora</HI> of the bloud, and the motion of it hindred thereby, who does not &s;ee, if bloud be then taken away; and the <HI>Plethora</HI> of it be al&s;o abated, that its motion is increa&s;ed and renewed, whereupon its motion to the Womb, and through the Womb, is promoted? Nor is it any wonder, if in &s;uch a ca&s;e Bleeding in the Arm do as much, or more good, than Bleeding in the Foot; and e&s;pecially becau&s;e the bloud comes in greater
<PB N="382" REF="197"> plenty and violence out of the Arm, than out of the Foot, and therefore better able to renew and aug|ment its motion: For how much more powerfully the bloud is moved through the ve&s;&s;els of the whole body; &s;o much more powerfully and ea&s;ily it makes its way through the Womb, which is here required. This therefore is the rea&s;on, why at the time of Pube&s;cence a <HI>Plethora</HI> &s;carce ever is ob&s;erved, and why Bleeding is then &s;carce ever nece&s;&s;ary to pro|mote the Terms: But when the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> have come at Pube&s;cency, and a <HI>Plethora</HI> is made for the &s;aid cau&s;es, if they then be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, bloud may profi|tably be let. And though &s;ometimes it may &s;o be, that the Terms come too &s;low becau&s;e of a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and therefore they are promoted onely by letting of bloud &s;ea&s;onably; yet becau&s;e for the mo&s;t part &s;ome fault in the ve&s;&s;els of the Womb does concur, ari|&s;ing from a bad diet, therefore Medicines are u&s;u|ally required to open the ob&s;truction of the&s;e ve&s;|&s;els, whether they alone be &s;ufficient, or upon the urgency of a <HI>Plethora</HI> Bloudletting be joined with them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> &para; When the Terms or <HI>Lochia</HI> &s;top in the Womb, then they are commodiou&s;ly evacuated by its neck, as well the Internal as External; and in|deed partly by External remedies, partly by Inter|nal. Among the Internal, Bleeding in the Foot may very well be reckoned, &s;ince often when the bloud is prepared for its natural flux, e&s;pecially when there is a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and therefore the bloud runs too &s;low; the Terms and <HI>Lochia</HI> which are &s;topt by a <HI>Plethora,</HI> are often by means hereof mo|ved and brought to their natural flux. But when either of them &s;tops becau&s;e of an ob&s;truction in the ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, and in the orifices of the ve&s;&s;els, then, unle&s;s there be a <HI>Plethora,</HI> Bloudletting does more harm than good: becau&s;e, by dimini&s;h|ing laudable bloud, not exceeding in Quantity, it onely weakens Women, and does not at all re&s;tore the flux of either. Then there is need of &s;uch me|dicines both Internal and External, as remove and amend the Harm, if any be done to the Womb by the External Cold of the Air, Water, Snow, a Floor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And &s;uch things as incide, attenuate, and make fluid, congealed and ob&s;tructing Phlegm, and that may move and remove it, <HI>&amp;c. See Section</HI> XIII.</P>
<P N="4">IV. If the <HI>Saphoena</HI> cannot be opened, becau&s;e the Feet are &s;wollen, or if the Patient be again&s;t it, and bleeding in the Ham, and again&s;t &s;etting Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the in&s;ide of the Thighs; let Leeches at lea&s;t be &s;et to the Sedal Veins, and let a moderate quantity of bloud be taken thence. Nor is it any hindrance, that by this way derivation is made from the Womb, upon which account the operation ap|pears &s;u&s;picious that is, le&s;t the Terms &s;hould be hindred: for when the thick and feculent bloud is evacuated thereby, the bloud that remains, will ea&s;i|ly be made more fluid, and will run to the u&s;u|al places; e&s;pecially if after this remedy the Womb be fomented, and dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es be &s;et to the Hips. But we mu&s;t take notice, that this mu&s;t not be done,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus.</NOTE> when the Terms are pre&s;ent or at hand.</P>
<P N="5">V. For the motion of the humours lodged in the Womb, <HI>Galen,</HI> 13. <HI>Meth.</HI> 19. propounds the ap|plying of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the <HI>Pubes</HI> and Groin: But a &s;afer and more &s;ucce&s;sfull derivation may be had from a replete Womb, by &s;etting of Leeches to the Veins of the Neck of the Womb: for a good quantity may be taken away well enough. <HI>Hiero|nymus Nigri&s;olius</HI> fir&s;t began to put this operation in practice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">For<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">is.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. In Women and Maids, that labour of an ob|&s;truction of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> which ari&s;es not from any foulne&s;s in the Bowels, but onely from the ob&s;tructi|on of the veins that come to the Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> according to <HI>Min&s;icthus</HI> his advice, Vomits mu&s;t be avoided.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The Terms being near in &s;ome <HI>Viragoes,</HI> and re&s;tagnating, becau&s;e of the narrowne&s;s of the Ve&s;|&s;els, do create a great deal of trouble to the fer|ment, both of the fir&s;t and &s;econd dige&s;tion, &s;o that thence there ari&s;es lo&s;s of colour in the face, and other &s;ymptoms repre&s;enting the green-&s;ickne&s;s in Maids, e&s;pecially if over and above there be an A|&s;tral Influx, that hinders the Terms, the &s;aid Sym|ptoms do not onely grow wor&s;e; but the Cure al&s;o proves very difficult. In the mean time, at the beginning, violent Expellers, which onely di&s;turb the morbifick matter, and doe no good, mu&s;t be a|voided; but they mu&s;t be moderately moving, and al&s;o they mu&s;t help the fermentation of the fir&s;t and &s;econd Concoction. Of which rank are, Extract of the le&s;&s;er Centaury, Juniper, Mugwort, <HI>Species Dialaur. Min&s;icthi, Extract. Splen. Bov. Elixir proprietatis Paracel&s;i, &V;terinum Crollii,</HI> if in&s;tead of Spirit of Wine, Spirit of Baum and Sage be u&s;ed, adding toward the latter end a &s;ufficient quantity of Salt of Mugwort: for the&s;e things moderately provoke the Terms, &s;trengthen the concoction of the Bowels, re&s;i&s;t putrefaction, and are good again&s;t Worms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> if there be any.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>Aphor.</HI> 46. &s;ays, that if the Mouth of the Womb be compre&s;&s;ed by a &s;welling, the Terms mu&s;t not be provoked: The rea&s;on is, be|cau&s;e the &s;welling would increa&s;e, and the Di&s;ea&s;e would be inraged, by giving things to provoke the Terms. Thus they are in errour, who, when the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb are compre&s;&s;ed, either by a &s;welling, or too much Fatne&s;s, they do open the <HI>Saphoena,</HI> and they do not &s;ee that the &s;wellings in|crea&s;e. Therefore the Ba&s;ilick vein mu&s;t be opened.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. If the Terms flow not for want of bloud, as after long Fevers, great Evacuations, and in any notable extenuation of the body, they mu&s;t not be provoked, before the body be recruited with con|venient re&s;torative food, before a &s;ufficient quantity of bloud is bred, and before the Di&s;ea&s;e, the cau&s;e of extenuation, be conquered; which when done, the Terms u&s;ually come of them&s;elves: But if it do not &s;o fall out, to the end Nature may be recalled to her duty, bloud may be taken from the lower Veins, according to the mea&s;ure of the &s;trength. But we mu&s;t take notice, that every extenuation does not denote want of bloud: but onely that which &s;ucceeds con&s;uming Cau&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. We mu&s;t never u&s;e Remedies to provoke the Terms, unle&s;s univer&s;al Evacuations were premi&s;ed, le&s;t the humours being moved in great plenty to the Womb, &s;hould increa&s;e the ob&s;truction; or being much attenuated, &s;hould fall on other parts, and produce much mi&s;chief. So <HI>Schenckius</HI> reports, that a Phy&s;ician of <HI>Venice</HI> gave a Woman, for the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her Terms, a Decoction, before he had evacuated the Phlegm, which was the cau&s;e of her Ob&s;truction, upon taking of which &s;he fell into a Pal&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. But they mu&s;t be given in a great quantity; becau&s;e much of their virtue is abated by the way from the Stomach to the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. If they be given at the going in or out of a Bath, they exert their virtue the more power|fully, becau&s;e the Medicine gets into an open and warm body; and yet much more effectually, if they were given before bleeding in the foot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Some generous Remedies in a pertinacious Ob&s;truction.</HEAD>
<P N="13">XIII. Seeing the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms is cau&s;|ed, for the mo&s;t part, by the ob&s;truction and &s;tuf|fing of the Ve&s;&s;els that go to the Womb, and through the Womb, we &s;hall pur&s;ue this &s;ort mo&s;t. And whereas we have &s;hewn, that this &s;aid ob&s;truction is produced either by a vi&s;cid and glutinous Phlegm, or by &s;uch a bloud, it ea&s;ily appears, that inciding and deter&s;ion are indicated, and required by the tenacity of the humour, for its cure, and the provo|king of the <HI>Men&s;trua.</HI> And both Acids and Aroma|ticks, and things abounding with a lixivial Salt, as well fixt as volatile; and therefore fixt and volatile Salts them&s;elves. But becau&s;e Acids &s;erve to pro|duce
<PB N="383" REF="197"> a glutino&s;ity, e&s;pecially when they incline to Au&s;terity, therefore in curing of this Di&s;ea&s;e Aroma|ticks are de&s;ervedly preferred, which Experience al&s;o it &s;elf te&s;tifies to be better than Acids. Whe|ther things be bitter or not, but of various ta&s;ts, they mu&s;t be called Aromaticks. And whoever is conver|&s;ant in the Chymical mutations of things Natural, he will find both far more powerfull things, and more ea&s;ie to be u&s;ed, than the&s;e things that are commonly u&s;ed; As Volatile Salts made of infinite things, of all Bones, Horns, Hoofs, Hair, Bloud, U|rine, Fle&s;h, and all parts of Animals whatever, that is, all Volatile Salts are good, though I &s;hould pre|fer Oleous ones before the re&s;t; becau&s;e they doe their work more kindly and &s;ucce&s;sfully. Whence al&s;o it is manife&s;t, that fixt Salts are le&s;s to be valu|ed, becau&s;e &s;ince they are purer, they operate the more violently. And the &s;aid Volatile Salts may be conveniently u&s;ed at any time, and e&s;pecially (when all the bloud is glutinous) at Dinner and Supper in a draught of Wine, Beer, Broth, or any other liquour the Patient &s;hall chu&s;e: But when the whole ma&s;s of bloud is not glutinous and pituitous, though the &s;aid Volatile Salts may be u&s;ed at meal-times; yet they may be u&s;ed to greater advantage at another time, and e&s;pecially when the Phlegm, fir&s;t di&s;&s;olved by the motion of the body, heat of the Air, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and carried to the Womb, is by and by coagulated there again by the &s;ub&s;equent Cold; for then it is good to take Volatile Salts upon an emp|ty Stomach, and al&s;o to di&s;po&s;e the body it &s;elf to a Sweat: for &s;o the virtue of the Medicines will the ea&s;ilier penetrate to the farther end of the ve&s;|&s;els and pa&s;&s;ages. And above the re&s;t I recommend Spirit of Sal Ammoniack to all, when a &s;toppage of the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> happens &s;uddenly and lately upon heat|ing and cooling of the body; by benefit of which alone I have very well cured &s;everal in a &s;hort time, by giving 3, 4, 5 or &s;ix drops, as it is &s;tronger, or weaker, in a &s;poonfull of Wine twice or thrice a day. And not onely a Volatile Salt it &s;elf, but all things al&s;o abounding with it, whether Sudorificks or Diureticks, are very proper. It will be u&s;efull al&s;o, in a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion that comes gradually, to add &s;uch things to the Deob&s;truents, that are u&s;ed to|wards the latter end. For Example, make the following Apozeme; Take of Root of Par&s;ly, Lo|vage, each half an ounce, &s;havings of <HI>Guajacum</HI> three drachms, <HI>Saffafras</HI> half an ounce, Juniper Berries two ounces, Bay-berries half an ounce, <HI>Scordium,</HI> Penni-royal each half an handfull, tops of le&s;&s;er Centau|ry half an handfull, Millet-&s;eed two ounces. Boil them in fair Water; to 25 ounces of the Colature add of Syrup of Mugwort, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> each one ounce and an half. Tincture of Cinnamon and Ca&s;tor each half an ounce, Oil of Amber eight grains. Mix them. Let the Patient take a draught of this Apozeme warm early in the morning, and being well covered with clothes, let her lye to Sweat; but if within an hour after it do not come, let her promote it by taking broth, let her often repeat it, and about the u&s;ual time of her Terms, to the end the bloud al&s;o may at la&s;t be forced to the Womb. But if the &s;aid Phlegm redound not one|ly in the bloud, but in the Head and Guts, it will be good and beneficial now and then to abate and evacuate it by Phlegmagogues, among which, Aga|rick, Turbith, Hermodactyls, <HI>Coloquintida, &amp;c.</HI> are vulgarly commended. And among the Chymical ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> all Medicines made of Mercury are chief, both praecipitate and &s;ublimate, e&s;pecially <HI>Mercurius dulcis.</HI></P>
<P>Among External Medicines Baths, Fomentati|ons and Fumes are de&s;ervedly commended; from which either the ari&s;ing Exhalations, Vapours, Fumes, or the Penetrating Liquour, do incide and attenuate the Phlegm or other glutinous humours, &s;ticking in the Orifices and Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, and cau&s;ing Ob&s;tructions; and &s;o make them fluxi|ble and apt to give way to the bloud, then, or afterwards, de&s;iring an <HI>exit,</HI> or to go out with it. Baths certainly, in which Women u&s;e then to &s;it above the Navel, do by their moi&s;ture in&s;inuate them|&s;elves into the outer Neck of the Womb, and then into the inner, and do &s;et loo&s;e and di&s;|&s;olve every glutinous humour whatever, that &s;o frequently &s;ticks in the cavity of the inner Neck, and that being within a-while removed thence, they penetrate inwards, and incide and di&s;&s;olve, and &s;o make fit for efflux the glutinous humour there al&s;o, that &s;ticks to and in the Orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb. But warm Baths are u&s;ed, that &s;o they with more &s;peed, ea&s;e and ef|ficacy produce their de&s;ired effect. As to the Li|quour of the Bath, Water may conveniently be u|&s;ed, and at the time of U&s;e a little &s;trong White-wine, not Red, may be added, as al&s;o Spirit of Wine, and Volatile Salt, though this do not aug|ment the Liquour &s;o much, as it promotes and in|tends the virtue of the re&s;t of the things that are decocted. As for the things that are to be boiled therein, I commend aromatick Plants, <HI>i. e.</HI> &s;trong &s;melling ones, that have a &s;harp and gratefull ta&s;te, but e&s;pecially tho&s;e they call Hy&s;terick. But &s;ince drying Baths are ob&s;erved not always to promote, but often to hinder the Flux of the Terms, here al&s;o Roots of Lilies, Seeds of Line and Fenu|greek, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will be proper to boil, not onely to incide and conveniently to attenuate by the Aro|maticks, which are often too drying, and there|fore incra&s;&s;ating, but al&s;o to mollifie. For &s;o the glutinous humours being partly attenuated, part|ly mollified, are more ea&s;ily made fluid; nay, they are brought to a Flux and Efflux, and &s;o the high|way for the &s;topt bloud is cleared again, and laid open.</P>
<P>But it is good for the Bath not to be over hot, le&s;t too much Sweat be cau&s;ed, whereby when the more &s;erous parts of the bloud are exhau&s;ted, the glu|tinous humours would be rendred more glutinous. Nor mu&s;t &s;he continue long in the Bath, for the &s;ame rea&s;ons: for unle&s;s by means of it the Ob|&s;truction be removed quickly, that benefit will &s;carce be obtained by tarrying long therein.</P>
<P>Fomentations are made of the &s;ame things with Baths; and are applied to the <HI>Pudenda,</HI> and that mo&s;t fitly with Sponges or woollen Cloths, but not with linen: for they, as well as Sponges, &s;oak up more Liquour than linen, nor do they &s;o ea|&s;ily let it run away; be&s;ides, they keep the heat of the Liquour longer in them, without which Fomentations doe more harm than good. Akin to the&s;e is the Vapour ari&s;ing from a Decoction hea|ted, and received into the <HI>pudenda,</HI> through an open Chair, and &s;o penetrating inwards. Thus Exhala|tions doe good, which may commodiou&s;ly be made of Salt of Tartar, or of any other fixt Salt, and Sal Ammoniack, which, becau&s;e it is mo&s;t pene|trant, will doe very much good here, and is de&s;er|vedly preferred before many other things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Pe&s;&s;aries and Uterine Cly&s;ters ought onely to be pre&s;cribed for Women that are married, and that lye with Men: but for Maids, <HI>Na&s;calia,</HI> Fomen|tations, In&s;e&s;&s;ions and Suffumigations.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Suffumigations are approved of above all ways; for &s;o the Medicine acts mo&s;t effectually, and a Fume al&s;o of Spices brings down Womens Terms, <HI>Aph.</HI> 28. 5. For the virtue of Medicines is a|bated in their pa&s;&s;age, when they are given in form of a Powder, Potion, Pills or <HI>Bolus,</HI> before they get to the Womb, which it is not, when they are ad|mini&s;tred in form of a Suffumigation. Be&s;ides, &s;ince things that provoke the Terms are hot, they often by the way hurt a hot Liver: for the Terms are often &s;topt by the thickne&s;s of the bloud, which is cau&s;ed by a hot Liver. And this way is prefer|red before the re&s;t, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> becau&s;e you may meet with &s;ome Women, who will not endure Cly&s;ters or Pe&s;&s;aries, who will admit Fumes;
<PB N="384" REF="198"> and they penetrate more. The onely hindrance is Weakne&s;s of the Head: for &s;ome Womens Heads are ea&s;ily di&s;turbed by Aromaticks: But in admi|ni&s;tring of a Suffumigation two things mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved from <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. That Women be girded. 2. That the Fume a&s;cend through a Pipe into the Neck of the Womb:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci|us.</NOTE> for &s;o the Fume does not ea&s;i|ly get into the Head.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. In a diminution of the Terms, <HI>Mercurialis Con&s;.</HI> 8. highly commends two I&s;&s;ues below the Knees on the in&s;ide. And <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 108. he &s;ays, that an I&s;&s;ue below the Knees on the in&s;ide of each Leg is very effectual.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. I have hitherto ob&s;erved, that we mu&s;t make no more ha&s;te than good &s;peed, and that more may be done by gentle Medicines than by &s;trong. That therefore the Cure may be &s;afe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> we mu&s;t ab|&s;tain from all things that have any danger in them.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. <HI>Avicenna</HI> orders, when Women &s;pit bloud, becau&s;e of a Stoppage of their Terms, that they mu&s;t be provoked by Bleeding, Cupping, Fricti|ons, and other &s;uch things; yet not by Medicines that move the Terms; but near the u&s;ual time we may add a &s;poonfull of di&s;tilled Savine Water, or five drops of its Oil to a Decoction of white Saun|ders, <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> Box, <HI>Rhodium</HI> root, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And outwardly, at this time, that is an effectual Re|medy; Hempen Thread newly boiled, and &s;till warm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 163.</NOTE> applied twice a-day for an hour, to the re|gion of the Womb: for we may not go higher.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. The lower parts mu&s;t be kept warm, and the upper cold. Women offend often herein, when they cover the whole body with Bed-clothes, and hereupon all the parts draw upwards and down|wards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Medicines mu&s;t be given at the u&s;ual time of their coming: For if a Phy&s;ician &s;hould &s;timu|late Nature in the full Moon, that was accu&s;to|med to her excretion in the new, he would then labour in vain, unle&s;s he u&s;ed mo&s;t violent Me|dicines, wherein there is more harm than bene|fit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. A Flux of the Terms, which &s;tops of it &s;elf, by rea&s;on of the Woman's Age, though they do not require to be brought again; yet it is ne|ce&s;&s;ary to disburthen Nature by &s;ome Evacuation: For though this Suppre&s;&s;ion do not cau&s;e the mo&s;t grievous Di&s;ea&s;es; yet, it frequently breeds tedi|ous ones, and &s;uch as are difficult to cure. There|fore every year, till Nature be broken of her cu|&s;tome,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &s;he mu&s;t be ea&s;ed by gentle Evacuations.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. If the Bloud come by the Hemorrhoids, and be turned from the Womb, the Cure will be very difficult: for whether you u&s;e Attrahents to the lower parts, they draw to the Seat; Or if you u&s;e A&s;tringents, they al&s;o, becau&s;e of their vicini|ty, repell whatever comes to the Womb. The onely way of Cure therefore, to doe any good is this, to apply local Medicines to the Womb, which may draw the moved humour more to the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Specifick Medicines u&s;e mo&s;t convenient|ly to be given a few days before their u&s;ual Flux, af|ter Baths and Fomentations, wherewith the Ve&s;|&s;els of the Womb are heated and opened; then after taking of the&s;e Medicines, it is good to put the Feet into a Decoction of &s;ome convenient Plants, and then to walk. Let the Woman &s;it up to the Navel in Fomentations, and let her hold the boi|led Herbs, put in a Bag, to her Belly: After Fo|menting, the parts near the Womb may be anoin|ted with Oils and Unguents, as <HI>&V;nguentum Martiatum,</HI> Snake's fat, with di&s;tilled Oil of Savine, Lavender, Bayes and White-lilie. Outwardly let another Woman's Smock, newly bedaubed with her <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> be put on, which is very well approved from expe|rience; for, in a manner, by Sympathy it excites the Mumial Ferment of the bloud within the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">F. Hofman|nus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Me&s;enterii Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Me&s;entery.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Handling of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> does not &s;hew its Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In opening of Ob&s;tructions, we mu&s;t have a care, le&s;t Aperi|ents be hurtfull to the Liver and Stomach. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t over much on Purging. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what things Preparation mu&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e performed? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care of too much u&s;ing of &s;weet things. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a Vomit mu&s;t be given. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Baths are proper? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Diet mu&s;t be, if it come from the &s;traitne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from violent Openers. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of its Pain. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Me&s;entery is inflamed, Purgatives and Diureticks u&s;ually doe harm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In its &V;lcers Mineral Waters mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Virtues of <HI>Cypre&s;s</HI> Turpentine. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Voiding of <HI>Pus</HI> often comes from &s;ome where el&s;e. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ob&s;tructions mu&s;t be prudently opened. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is a common mi&s;take among&s;t many, who neglect all Anatomical knowledge, to take a Ten&s;ion reaching lengthways on each &s;ide of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> for a Swelling of the Me&s;entery or Liver, when it is indeed a Swelling of the right Mu&s;cles. Truly it is an inexcu&s;able errour; for the Me&s;en|tery lies under the Guts, and no part of the Me|&s;entery ari&s;es above the Guts, which can be felt by the Hands in the <HI>Abdomen;</HI> but the&s;e right Mu&s;|cles are not onely above the Guts, but above the <HI>Omentum</HI> and <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> and above the tran&s;ver&s;e Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> Wherefore no man can by feeling any part of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> judge any thing for certain, concerning the &s;tate of the Me&s;entery: for indeed the&s;e two parts of the body are too far di&s;tant in &s;ite and origination. This Ten&s;ion lengthways may be found in a Thou&s;and People, that are very well in health. And this errour in notion pa&s;&s;es into operation: for the Patients are ill treated with divers outward Applications.</P>
<P N="2">II. Medicines, that open Ob&s;tructions, mu&s;t pro|cure a firmne&s;s and &s;trength to the Liver and Sto|mach: For, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ays excellently well, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>Fen.</HI> 14. <HI>tr.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 1. He that u&s;es a Cure for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Me&s;araicks, without any regard at the &s;ame time had to the Liver as to the cau&s;e of them, is not unlike to him, that fences the Feet, when they are hurt by &s;omething being ami&s;s in the <HI>Spina dor&s;alis,</HI> but omits the chief of the Cure, which re&s;ides in the Spine.</P>
<P N="3">III. Purging mu&s;t not be plentifull nor con&s;tant and continual, nor exceeding the bounds of Mode|ration. The condition of the Pa&s;&s;ages &s;eems to per&s;uade this, and Nature al&s;o, who is very ob|&s;ervant of Moderation and Security, and the Na|ture of the Humour that cau&s;es the Ob&s;truction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Preparation with Syrups, when the extenu|ated Humours run to the &s;topt parts, will undoub|tedly cau&s;e &s;tronger Ob&s;tructions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; It is better in Winter time to doe it with Electuaries than with Liquours. &para; Vi&s;cid and tough Humours are,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE> ac|cording to <HI>Galen,</HI> 15. <HI>Meth.</HI> 12. corrected with At|tenuants and Exter&s;ives. But the bilious and adu&s;t, and which tend to Inflammation, are made fit for Evacuation by moderate Coolers and Deter&s;ives.</P>
<P N="5">V. Le&s;t Bile &s;hould be increa&s;ed, or occa&s;ion gi|ven to the Liver or Spleen to &s;well, we mu&s;t, as much as may be, have a care of Sweet things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. When the Humours are prepared, a Vomit is proper: But Ob&s;tructions mu&s;t not be opened by a Vomit pre&s;ently, unle&s;s there be great &s;tore of bilious and &s;harp matter, le&s;t the Inwards &s;hould
<PB N="385" REF="198"> be &s;trained by the violence of the Vomit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE> or the Head &s;hould be filled.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Bathing in Sweet waters, u&s;ed with Mode|ration, is good to open the Pores of the Skin, and to ampliate and open the pa&s;&s;ages of the Me&s;&s;en|tery, and to remove the Filth that &s;ticks there. But it mu&s;t be u&s;ed with this caution, that nothing be in the fir&s;t ways, that may in a moment be drawn to the body; that there be no great impurity in the Bowels; and that the Concoction of the prece|dent Food be fini&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. If the Di&s;ea&s;e have its original from a Straitne&s;s of the Veins, Attenuating Meat, accor|ding to <HI>Aetius</HI> his Judgment, mu&s;t be given three or four times a day, but in a &s;mall quantity.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Di&s;ea&s;es of the Me&s;entery require not vio|lent Openers, becau&s;e of their relation and vici|nity to the Heart, Spleen and Stomach, and com|munication of Offices and Di&s;ea&s;es, whereby they quickly affect one another.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. For the Pain of the Me&s;entery, if it be vio|lent, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> is good inwardly, di&s;&s;olved and mixt with Purgatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman|nus.</NOTE> which &s;tops the Pain by Pur|ging.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Purgatives and Diureticks in the beginning of an Inflammation, can &s;eldom or never be u&s;ed &s;afely: for there is fear, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> 14. <HI>Meth.</HI> 11. le&s;t the Liver and Me&s;entery be &s;ooner or wor&s;e inflamed.</P>
<P N="12">XII. If an Ab&s;ce&s;s of the Me&s;entery be brought to Suppuration, Rea&s;on tells a man, that all Wa|ters with a mineral virtue in them mu&s;t be avoided: for though they doe much good to the Bowels de|&s;igned for Nutrition, by attenuating the thickne&s;s of the humours; yet, becau&s;e by their penetrative and ab&s;ter&s;ive virtue, and by a peculiar faculty, contracted from Mines of Vitriol, Iron, Salt and others, they corrode all Ulcers in the inner parts; for the&s;e villanies, as <HI>Pliny, l.</HI> 25. <HI>c.</HI> 3. &s;peaks, they ought to be repudiated.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Among Bal&s;amicks, according to <HI>Galen, Cyprus</HI> Turpentine is chief, a Medicine fit for many u&s;es, and exceeding proper for Inflammations; e|&s;pecially where the peccant matter lies in the Loins, and about the Kidneys, and cau&s;es Pain; yet it cannot &s;afely be given to &s;uch as are inclined to E|pilep&s;ies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martini.</NOTE> or to other grievous Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Of all the Guts, onely the <HI>Colon</HI> is &s;ubject to Exulceration, which produces <HI>pus,</HI> which many think does run from an Ulcer in the Me&s;entery; and they unhappily u&s;e Purges and Cly&s;ters, after which the Di&s;ea&s;e grows wor&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. When the fir&s;t ways are emptied, we mu&s;t cautiou&s;ly proceed to the opening of Ob&s;tructions both with Preparatives and Aperients, and with Pur|ges them&s;elves. For Aperients and Attenuants that are too &s;trong do not onely prepare the Humours, but carry them to the Liver; and there is the &s;ame Inconvenience in &s;trong Purgatives.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Mola,</HI> or, A Mole.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Extraction mu&s;t not be undertaken ra&s;hly, but Expul&s;ion mu&s;t rather be tried by Medicines. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Paraeus</HI> his way of extracting it by a <HI>Griffon</HI>'s Claw. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hildanus</HI> his way by a toothed <HI>Forceps. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ca&s;t out by Purging. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SInce u&s;ually we are not certain of a Mole, though there be great &s;u&s;picion of it, yet to &s;et upon the thing with &s;trong Medicines and to endeavour to ca&s;t out the Conception by force (&s;eeing if it were a true Conception, we &s;hould de&s;troy it) is a very hazardous thing, and &s;hould not be ra&s;hly undertaken, but when we make the lea&s;t doubt of it, it &s;hould be omitted. And it is better then either to leave the bu&s;ine&s;s to Nature, and wait the event till we be certain of the thing, or at lea&s;t to hinder the growth of it by taking a|way a little nouri&s;hment from it by Bleeding; or by giving of Purges to &s;olicit Nature, that, as &s;he expells other Uncleanne&s;&s;es, &s;o perhaps <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">e would vouch&s;afe to force away a Burthen, that is grievous and &s;trange to her. Nor let us fear to give them, becau&s;e if perhaps it were a true Con|ception, there might be an Abortion, &s;eeing we have ob&s;erved that it does not follow, in many Women with Child, who have often been &s;o eva|cuated, or have had long <HI>Diarrhoea's;</HI> and Nature is not &s;o ea&s;ily moved to the Excretion of things that are natural, as of things that are preternatural and burthen&s;ome to her. But if we be certain of it by many concurrent &s;igns, e&s;pecially if, after the time of Birth is over, a &s;welling and hardne&s;s of Belly be found by the touch, then, that Nature may en|deavour Excretion, we mu&s;t excite her, by giving and applying, and injecting things, and we mu&s;t open and dilate the pa&s;&s;ages,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus</NOTE> that it may get out of the Womb.</P>
<P N="2">II. If it &s;o happen, that a Mole cannot be par|ted, and when it is parted, if Nature be not able to expell it, the Chirurgeon mu&s;t &s;et the Woman in the &s;ame po&s;ture, as we &s;aid &s;he mu&s;t be &s;et in extraction of a Child from the Womb; Then ope|ning the <HI>Pudendum,</HI> and putting in an extractory In&s;trument, which, from its likene&s;s, is called a <HI>Griffon</HI>'s Claw. And when it is got into the Womb, it being opened and dilated, take hold of the Mole. Nor can it otherwi&s;e be taken hold of, e&s;pecially if it be a thick one, becau&s;e of its roundne&s;s; for it has no handle to take hold by: And when it is onely &s;ought for with the Hand, it &s;lips away, be|cau&s;e of its lubricity, and runs like a Ball all over the capacity of the Womb. But it may more ea&s;ily be taken hold of by the <HI>Griffon</HI>'s Claw, if the Wo|man's belly be &s;queezed this way and that, and then the Mole be run into &s;ome corner, whence it cannot ea&s;ily &s;lip: for &s;o at length being taken hold on, it may ea&s;ily be extracted. When the Mole is extracted, the &s;ame care mu&s;t be taken as of a Lying-in-woman.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petraeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In Extraction of a Mole &s;ome u&s;e &s;harp Hooks, or a <HI>Griffon</HI>'s Claw (as they call it) but in my opinion, not without extreme hazard: For if a Hook &s;hould mi&s;s, it might ea&s;ily tear the Womb. For this rea&s;on I have invented a <HI>Forceps,</HI> who&s;e ex|tremities are made in form of a <HI>Duck</HI>'s Bill, but deep enough to receive the Hooks: In the middle whereof there are three teeth, &s;quare and very &s;harp, &s;o as that they &s;tand in a right line one again&s;t the &s;ide of another. Therefore when the <HI>Forceps</HI> is &s;hut, not a tooth appears; and be&s;ides, let the <HI>For|ceps</HI> mi&s;s never &s;o much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> it can never hurt the Neck of the Womb.</P>
<P N="4">IV. There is a manifold difference in Moles: and this may be reckoned among the rarer &s;ort, which I had the hap to &s;ee this pre&s;ent year, 16<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">1. in the month of <HI>March.</HI> A Noble Woman (I am an ocular Witne&s;s) about thirty two years old, who had fir&s;t been happily brought to bed of a Child, thought her &s;elf with Child within three months; &s;he was &s;ickly all that time; having, by the Pre&s;crip|tion of her Phy&s;ician, taken a Purge, &s;he fell into Pains of Travel, then abundance of various things came from her Womb, bloudy, membranous, watry things, clotted and black bloud; and, which is the mo&s;t to be admired at, an infinite number of Eggs as big as Pea&s;e, &s;ticking one to another, ju&s;t as in the Row of a large Pike, or a Trout; but be&s;ides, there was an Ovi-form piece, on the out|&s;ide like the <HI>Parenchyma</HI> of a fat Capon's Liver, the in|&s;ide
<PB N="386" REF="199"> full of black clotted bloud: All the&s;e things were promi&s;cuous, and filled a large Ba&s;on. It is very likely the&s;e Eggs were inclo&s;ed in the torn Membrane, which, being thrown into warm wa|ter, were not di&s;&s;olved. Several &s;uch examples are found in <HI>Schenckius.</HI></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. There is not a better Secret than the Powder of a Secundine given in water of Mugwort, Mather, or Penny-royal. <HI>Hartman</HI> performed the Cure in &s;everal &s;ucce&s;sfully with this.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Before Bathing let the Belly be chafed with Malm&s;ey-wine; if there be a Child, it will be &s;trengthned; but if not, the Woman will void abundance of bad humours by her Womb. It has been often tried.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Maroldus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Morbilli,</HI> or, The Mea&s;les.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A bad method of Cure &s;ometimes makes them mortal. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;afe method of Cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mitigation of the Cough, which is familiar to them. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Prevention of them from turning to a <HI>Peripneumo|ny. IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the Loo&s;ne&s;s that follows them. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A hot regiment, and taking of hot Medicines does harm. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THIS Di&s;ea&s;e, after Shivering and Chil|ne&s;s, begins the Tragedy with inequali|ty of Heat and Cold, which follow one another by turns; at length, on the &s;econd day, it ends in a perfect Fever, attended with great Sickne&s;s, Thir&s;t, a White Tongue (but not dry) a Cough, Heavine&s;s of Head and Eyes, and a perpetual Drow|&s;ine&s;s; for the mo&s;t part an humour runs out at his No&s;e and Eyes, the Patient &s;neezes, as if he had taken Cold, his Eye-lids &s;well (that is, a little be|fore they come out) he vomits, he has often a Loo&s;ne&s;s with green &s;tools. The Symptoms u&s;ually grow wor&s;e, till the fourth day, at which time u|&s;ually little red Spots, like Flea-bites, begin to break out about the Fore-head and re&s;t of the Face: They go away u&s;ually on the eighth day, at which time the Vulgar (being deceived by the time the Small-pox u&s;e to continue) hold they &s;trike in, though indeed they have fini&s;hed their cour&s;e de&s;ign|ed them by Nature; and the Symptoms that &s;uper|vene, when they go away, they think they come therefore, becau&s;e the Mea&s;les &s;truck in too &s;oon: for then one may ob&s;erve, the Fever and Difficulty of Breathing is increa&s;ed, and the Cough is more trouble&s;ome. Children e&s;pecially, that are kept over hot, or they who have taken Medicines to bring the Mea&s;les out, are &s;ubject to this mi&s;chief, which &s;hews it &s;elf, when the Mea&s;les are going a|way, upon which they are thrown into a <HI>Peripneu|mony,</HI> which kills more than either the Small-pox them&s;elves, or any Symptome whatever, which be|longs to that Di&s;ea&s;e; though the Mea&s;les, if they be skilfully treated, have no danger at all in them. A Loo&s;ne&s;s al&s;o follows &s;uch, not without extreme hazard to the Patient. Sometimes al&s;o, after a ve|ry hot regiment, the Spots are livid, and then black; but this onely happens in grown per&s;ons; who may be given up for dead, as &s;oon as that Black|ne&s;s appears, except they be pre&s;ently relieved with Phlebotomy, and the refre&s;hment of a more tem|perate regiment.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. As the Mea&s;les do in their Nature agree with the Small Pox, &s;o al&s;o in their method of cure, hot Medicines, and a hot regiment are very full of dan|ger, how frequently &s;oever they be made u&s;e of by ignorant Nur&s;es, to this end, that they may keep the Mea&s;les from the heart. I have had the be&s;t &s;uc|ce&s;s in this method above any, In which the Patient was kept in his Bed three or four days after their coming out, to the end the bloud might gently, ac|cording to the Nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e, di&s;charge by the pores of the skin the inflamed particles, ea&s;ily &s;eparable, by which it was hurt, adding neither more clothes, nor more fire, than what he u&s;ed, when he was well. I kept him from all fle&s;h, I allowed him Oatmeal and Barley Grewel, and &s;ometimes a roa&s;t|ed Apple. His drink was &s;mall Beer, or Milk boil|ed with thrice as much Water. I would ea&s;e the Cough, which is almo&s;t con&s;tant to this Di&s;ea&s;e, with a draught now and then of &s;ome pectoral De|coction. He that takes this cour&s;e, &s;eldom dies, nor is he afflicted with any new Ails, be&s;ides the nece&s;&s;ary and inevitable &s;ymptoms of the Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The Cough is the mo&s;t tire&s;ome of all, in which notwith&s;tanding there is no danger, till the Di&s;ea&s;e is gone, and when it &s;till continues for a week or two, it may ea&s;ily be removed by a good Air, a Pectoral Decoction, Syrup of Violets, Mai|den-hair, with Oil of Sweet Almonds, and other things good for the Brea&s;t; yea, it decrea&s;es by degrees of it &s;elf, and at length goes away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. But if the Patient, after taking of Cordials, or too hot a Regiment, or while the Mea&s;les are &s;till high, or after they are gone (which is mo&s;t u|&s;ual) be brought into hazard of his life by a vio|lent Fever, &s;hortne&s;s of breath, and other accidents, &s;uch as u&s;e to afflict Peripneumonicks, I always breathe a Vein, with very good &s;ucce&s;s, even in the Arms of tender Infants, taking away &s;uch a quanti|ty of Bloud, as the Age and Strength require. Some|times al&s;o, when the di&s;ea&s;e is urgent, I have not been afraid to bleed again. Truely, through GOD's ble&s;&s;ing, I have &s;aved &s;everal Childrens lives by letting of bloud, when they have been ju&s;t ready to be killed by this Symptome. And this befalls Children after the Mea&s;les are gone; it is &s;o de&s;tructive to them, that it may well be reckoned one of Death's prime In&s;truments, which kills more than the very &s;mall Pox, and I have not yet met with that Man, who could help it by any other certain method.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Moreover, a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which often follows the Small Pox, is, in like manner, cured by bleed|ing, for &s;eeing it owes its ri&s;e to exhalations of the inflamed bloud, getting into the Guts (which is u&s;ual al&s;o in a Pleuri&s;ie, Peripneumony, and other Di&s;ea&s;es, created by an Inflammation) whereby they are &s;timulated to excretion, onely letting of bloud will give relief, whereby both revul&s;ion is made of the&s;e &s;harp humours, and the Bloud al&s;o is re|duced to a due temper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. What I have &s;aid of the cure of the&s;e Sym|ptoms, which come when the Mea&s;les are going a|way, may &s;ometimes agree with them, when they are at the height; if, to wit, they owe them to an artificial, if I may &s;o &s;ay, and a&s;cititious heat. This year, 1670. I vi&s;ited a &s;ervant Maid, who lay ill of the Mea&s;les, with a Fever, &s;hortne&s;s of breath, and Purple Spots all over her body, and other very dan|gerous Symptoms; and becau&s;e I attributed all of them to over-hot keeping and Medicines, abun|dance of which &s;he had taken, I ordered her to be let bloud in the Arm, and I pre&s;cribed her a pe|ctoral and cooling Pti&s;an, to be taken often; by means whereof, and of a more temperate regi|ment, both the Spots, and all the other Sym|ptoms vani&s;hed by degrees.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P>(For the Medicines, See <HI>Variolae,</HI> BOOK XVIII.)</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="12" TYPE="book">
<PB N="387" REF="199">
<HEAD><HI>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XII.</HI> Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter <HI>N.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Narium Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the No&s;trils.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A <HI>Polypus</HI> &s;carce gives way to Medicines. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Pricking. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not onely a livid one, but a white one endangers a <HI>Carci|noma. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care of the Inwards, rather than of the Brain. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of one by Medicines. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Re&s;titution of the No&s;e, when cut off. <HI>VI, VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;afe Remedy for the <HI>Haemorrhoids, Polypus,</HI> and any Excre&s;cence in the No&s;trils. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;lcers are be&s;t cured by Fumigations. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Red No&s;e. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>CELS&V;S</HI> &s;ays, that a <HI>Polypus</HI> &s;ome|times withers away, which per|haps is true in a little one, in one beginning and in a &s;oft <HI>Po|lypus:</HI> Otherwi&s;e, Experience &s;hews, that &s;uch Medicines doe no good, both becau&s;e they cannot &s;tick long on, by rea&s;on of their moi&s;ture, and becau&s;e if they have a burning faculty, they inflame and put to pain the in&s;ide of the No&s;trils;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubaeus <HI>in</HI> Cel&s;um.</NOTE> and therefore it is evi|dent, it can onely be happily cured by Exci&s;ion. &para; Applying of Medicines does more harm than good: therefore a <HI>Polypus</HI> mu&s;t be taken away by Chyrurgery, by means of an In&s;trument in <HI>Sculte|tus, tab.</HI> 12. <HI>fig.</HI> 1, <HI>&amp;</HI> 2. To which this may be &s;u|peradded, namely, that two or three &s;quare and &s;harp teeth mu&s;t be made in the concave upper part of it, that it may hold the fa&s;ter. When the <HI>Poly|pus</HI> is taken out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van H rn, <HI>Microtechis.</HI></NOTE> let them be &s;eared with a red hot Iron let through a Pipe into the No&s;trils.</P>
<P N="2">II. There are &s;ome, who, as the report goes, ty|ing three long Needles together, and take holding of the Heads, do lance &s;o long with the Points, till all that is faulty be taken away and wa&s;te by prick|ing, then they pre&s;ently wa&s;h it with Oil, and doe the &s;ame the following days, till the Man is cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hierocles.</NOTE> &para; Which gentle Operation, what hinders, but that it may be u&s;ed to our <HI>Polypi?</HI> For I can upon my own experience affirm, that I cured &s;uch a Swel|ling newly ri&s;en in a Nun, onely by &s;everal times pricking it with a Lancet, and making it bleed a little.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. After frequent Catarrhs the Wife of <HI>N.</HI> had a large <HI>Polypus,</HI> white in colour, in &s;ub&s;tance Phleg|matick, con&s;picuous not onely in the No&s;trils, but in the Throat, with a double Caruncle, the one white and &s;oft, the other livid and hard, diffe|ring very little from the nature of a <HI>Carcinoma:</HI> and that part being taken hold of with a <HI>Forceps,</HI> which threatned a <HI>Carcinoma</HI> in the Throat, and being pul|led violently the whole <HI>Polypus,</HI> having eight feet, came out with it, and all of them were covered with a Membrane, within which was contained concrete Phlegm, in mo&s;t of them &s;oft and pellu|cid, like the pulpy part of a white Prune, but in others hard and opake, like a &s;inged Horn: A good Argument certainly, that we may be afraid not onely of livid and melancholick <HI>Polypi,</HI> but of white and pituitous ones; e&s;pecially if from hot bloud, or from inclo&s;ed heat they degenerate into the na|ture of a <HI>Carcinoma,</HI> as here. Therefore they are un|der a Mi&s;take, who think that a Phlegmatick <HI>Po|lypus</HI> has no danger in it; for it is not ever true.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Have a care you do not think the noxious and redundant Humour, whence this Evil ari&s;es, does always come from the Brain through the holes of the <HI>Os Cribriforme:</HI> for that matter comes thither
<PB N="388" REF="200"> not of the Ve&s;&s;els which are within the No&s;e. Wherefore we mu&s;t direct our Cure to the Parts, that make Bloud, rather than to the Brain. I ex|amined carefully in every part the Head of a dead Man opened, who in his life time had often had a <HI>Polypus.</HI> I found the Brain well, and tho&s;e nervous <HI>Filaments,</HI> which run to the holes of the &s;aid Bone, and the holes I found entire; on the contrary, the parts in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> the Liver and Spleen were out of order.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schneiderus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If you will try to cure it with Medicines, you mu&s;t fly to Powder of calcined Vitriol, or to Root of white Hermodactyl, mixt with Honey of Ro&s;es, or Savine-water; by which Medicines the Coat of the <HI>Polypus</HI> is rather corrugated than ope|ned: Nor does this Powder penetrate through the hole near the end of the No&s;e, which is &s;topt by this Excre&s;cence: Whence notwith&s;tanding ex|cept you get out the Caruncles &s;ticking there, they will continually increa&s;e, and the Pulp which re|mains in the dried Coat, will continually &s;well with an afflux of new humours: Unle&s;s perhaps its Coat be &s;o round and &s;oft, that the Pulp, as well as the &s;uccingent Coat, is con&s;umed. And when &s;ome have found &s;uch &s;ucce&s;s from it in &s;ome place, they have therefore thought, but ra&s;hly enough, that the fore&s;aid Powder will doe the &s;ame every where,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> and will infallibly cure any <HI>Polypus.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. One had his No&s;e cut off, where the Bone ends in a Cartilage. A Country fellow held the piece next the Teeth down with his Fingers. He applied Millefoil brui&s;ed with black Wine, and bound it up after a rude fa&s;hion, upon which the Bloud &s;topt quickly, and the Wound cicatrized finely in a &s;hort time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. In the year 1590. when the Duke of <HI>Savoy</HI> made Warr upon <HI>Geneva,</HI> a cha&s;t Maid fell into the hands of &s;ome Souldiers; and when they had at|tempted to force her in vain, they were &s;o vext that they cut off her No&s;e. Two years after &s;he came to <HI>Lau&s;anne,</HI> to Mr. <HI>Joh. Griffonius,</HI> a mo&s;t &s;uc|ce&s;sfull Chirurgeon, who undertook to re&s;tore her No&s;e; and re&s;tored it, to the admiration of all Men. The fir&s;t Inventour of the Operation and Cure was <HI>Ga&s;par Taliacotius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE> Profe&s;&s;our at <HI>Bolognia.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Haemorrhoids, which are &s;oft and without Pain, though all Writers commend the Cutting of them with an In&s;trument, or the Burning of them with an actual Cautery; yet I have found a much ea&s;ier and &s;afer way, whereby I have &s;een not onely the Haemorrhoids in the No&s;trils cured, but the <HI>Polypus</HI> al&s;o, and any &s;uperfluous Carno&s;ity growing in the No&s;trils, or in any other place, without trouble to the Patient. This is the way; Take a Ruptory (the Cau&s;tick Stone) then get an In&s;trument made of Lead, about the length of ones finger, of &s;uch a thickne&s;s as that it may be put into the No&s;tril, which at that end that is put into the No&s;tril, mu&s;t be made hollow, like a Box, &s;o that the Carno&s;ity may be received into the hollow place, with a Ruptory in it, and the &s;ides of the Cavity may defend the No&s;tril from being hurt by the Ruptory. Let the Patient hold this In&s;trument to his No&s;tril &s;teady with his hand for an hour. When it is taken out, apply Butter, till there be an E&s;char, and the burnt fle&s;h be removed. Then apply the Ruptory again, till all the &s;uperfluous fle&s;h be con&s;umed, always applying Butter after the Ruptory. But if an Ulcer &s;hould happen to re|main, let it be cured with things proper for an Ul|cer in the No&s;trils. I experienced it in <HI>N.</HI> who had a Carno&s;ity in his No&s;tril, which not onely filled the No&s;tril, but hung out half an Inch. This Carno|&s;ity was perfectly removed without any deformity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Ulcers of the No&s;trils may be&s;t be cured with Fumigations; wherefore it is be&s;t to make Can|dles of red Wax: For the Smoak of &s;uch a Candle does good by drying, e&s;pecially if it be kept in a narrow and clo&s;e room: And we find, that the Smoak is received when we &s;it up late at our Stu|dies, for afterwards our Spittle and what comes out at our No&s;e, is made black with Smoak. In this manner I have cured an Ulcer, which neither the <HI>Italian</HI> nor <HI>French</HI> Phy&s;icians could cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. A Woman had always a red No&s;e, e&s;pecially in Winter; after &s;he had taken a gentle purge, &s;he found benefit by this Unguent; which <HI>Gi&s;ibertus Hor|&s;tius</HI> u&s;ed at <HI>Rome;</HI> Take of live Sulphu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> drachms, white Ginger 2 drachms, let them boi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ently with white <HI>Rhani&s;h</HI> Wine and Ro&s;e-<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ater til<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he liquour be con&s;umed, then with fre&s;h Hogs <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ard make an Unguent. She anointed after Supper, and in the morning wa&s;hed with water of Ro&s;es, Beans, and a Decoction of Bran warm. It is good for Pu&s;tules in the Face, as well as for a red No&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Natta,</HI> or, A Wen. (<HI>See</HI> Tumores, <HI>BOOK XVIII.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A great one in the Thigh happily extirpated. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Head. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>JOhannes Ferber,</HI> about 24 years old, had a Wen aro&s;e on the in&s;ide of his right Thigh, which in two years grew &s;o va&s;tly, that it was as big as any three Mens Heads, and hindred his going. A certain Chirurgeon corroded this Excre&s;cence with a cau&s;tick Medicine, to let the Matter out, and then he intended to clo&s;e the Ulcer with E&s;charo|ticks afterwards. But when he found there was no fluxible matter, away runs the Empirick, and leaves his Patient to look to him&s;elf. This Patient <HI>an.</HI> 1634. came to <HI>&V;lm,</HI> and there implored the help of <HI>J. G. Baulerus</HI> a Chirurgeon, who, when he could not heal the foul Ulcer with any Medicines, by my Advice and <HI>G. Riedlinus,</HI> he took hold of the exulcerated and painfull Wen with a <HI>Forfex,</HI> he cut it off with a cul|tellary Cautery, and when the E&s;char was removed, he brought it to a fine Cicatrice with <HI>Ceratum divinum.</HI> When we had looked upon the Sub&s;tance of the Wen that was cut off, which was perfect fle&s;h, and had Veins and Arteries, we enquired of the Patient, whether he was naturally &s;o lean? He told us, that before this Wen grew &s;o va&s;tly, he was well in fle&s;h. Hereby we were convinced, that the Excre&s;cence had drawn by the Veins and Arteries almo&s;t all the nutriment, wherewith the whole body &s;hould have been nouri&s;hed. When he was well, I advi&s;ed him to u&s;e a moderate Diet, and once a month to &s;et &s;ix Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarification to his back, till the Habit of his Body by little and little were ac|cu&s;tomed to a&s;&s;imilate the bloud to it &s;elf, which Na|ture before had tran&s;mitted to nouri&s;h the Tu|mour. The young Man followed this Advice for half a year, and afterwards he lived well in health.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. A Wen, a &s;ort of Tumour with a Coat, often ari&s;es in the Head. All of them have an Artery, by which they receive nutriment and augment. They are inclo&s;ed within with a peculiar Coat; The Con|tents are not of one &s;ort, in &s;ome I have found a fat, inflammable &s;ub&s;tance, in many onely a chalky one or mixt with &s;ome <HI>Serum.</HI> Here is a Family &s;ub|ject to this &s;ort of Tumours. If the <HI>Ba&s;is</HI> be narrow, they fall off by tying them with a Hor&s;e's hair, &s;trait|ned by degrees, as I have done &s;everal times. But if the <HI>Ba&s;is</HI> be large and not capable of con&s;triction, I make a long Wound in the Top of it; I &s;queeze out the Contents, and then apply onely a little But|ter of Antimony in Coton, or mixt with a dige&s;tive Liniment to the <HI>Ba&s;is,</HI> by which, as by a Stalk, it re|ceives its nouri&s;hment: for unle&s;s the Stalk be cut off, or eroded, it quickly grows again. I have known &s;uch Tumours cut off by ra&s;h and unskilfull
<PB N="389" REF="200"> Chirurgeons at one &s;la&s;h, and a large Haemorrhagy follow it, which could &s;carce be &s;topt, till the Pa|tient was much weakned. Butter of Antimony cau|&s;es no Pain, no Itching, unle&s;s the Lips of the capil|ry Skin be imprudently touched: For the inner Pellicle is void of Sen&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wepferus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Nephriticus Dolor,</HI> or, The Stone-colick. (See <HI>Calculus Renum,</HI> BOOK III.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Taking of <HI>Laudanum</HI> does good. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of <HI>Mercurius dulcis. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia fi&s;tula</HI> is good. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;purious, &s;corbutick <HI>Nephritis,</HI> how it may be cured. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN the Stone-colick, and Colick from Bile, let <HI>Laudanum</HI> be mixt in Cly&s;ters, and al&s;o ta|ken by the Mouth, yet not too often, le&s;t, e&s;pecially in the latter end of a fit, the morbifick matter be concentrated, the humours be incra&s;&s;ated, and ren|dred immovable, and &s;o the Patient at length yield to the triumphant Inte&s;tine Enemy; drowzy Na|ture being unable to apply the virtue of Medicines to her &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mayerne,</HI> MS. de Lau|dano.</NOTE> e&s;pecially of Purgatives; and this hap|pened in the Count <HI>de Hault.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Nothing is better in this Di&s;ea&s;e, than to give <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> once or twice in a ju&s;t Do&s;e: for it &s;eldom u&s;es to trouble them, who every month take Mercurial Pills; becau&s;e by this means the Pa&s;&s;ages are enlarged, and then the Stones are voi|ded.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. One very nece&s;&s;ary thing cannot be pa&s;&s;ed over, to wit, that <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia Fi&s;tula,</HI> which is generally u&s;ed and indifferently by all men, is not &s;o &s;afe, ex|cept the Stomach and fir&s;t ways be fir&s;t cleared by Fa&s;ting, Vomiting or Purging, &s;ince it is a high Diuretick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. I have often ob&s;erved that Scorbutick Symp|tome, which re&s;embles the Stone (of which <HI>Draw|i&s;ius, de Scorbuto, p.</HI> 346.) not onely familiar to Scor|buticks but to Hypochondriacks, that is, the Spleen u&s;es to evacuate excrementitious Gravel, or the Tartar of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> by the Kidneys: This Tartar u&s;ually &s;hews it &s;elf in form of a reddi&s;h &s;and, in the &s;ediment of the Urine, at fir&s;t divided into &s;o &s;ubtile Atoms, that it cannot be &s;een: But it is manife&s;t that its Atoms con&s;i&s;t of very &s;harp Angles, becau&s;e they &s;tick to the Gla&s;s, and can|not be got off without force. Sometimes, when abundance of them come together, the Urine looks bloudy: This Gravel &s;ettling in the Spleen and parts adjacent, cau&s;es Heat: But when it gets in|to the Kidneys, Ureters, or Bladder, it vellicates the&s;e nervous parts with its pointed Atoms, there|by torments them, and cau&s;es wor&s;e and &s;everer Pains than the Stone it &s;elf. The&s;e things are ac|companied with an intolerable and continual Stran|gury, partly by the Atoms vellicating the neck of the Bladder, and partly by Urine inclining to Acidity. Hot Diureticks, I find, doe little good, but rather exa&s;perate. Spirit of common Salt, is an effectual Remedy, as al&s;o Spirit of Earth-worms. Al&s;o Nephritick E&s;&s;ence, drawn off <HI>Lignum Nephriti|cum,</HI> with Spirit of common Salt and of Strawber|ries. For a Vehicle I u&s;e Par&s;ly and Nettle-wa|ter in which red hot Cry&s;tal has been quenched (which <HI>Straw&s;ius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Germannus.</HI> mi&s;c. cur. ann, <HI>72.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>44.</HI></NOTE> <HI>in Theatr. Sympathet. pag.</HI> 138. com|mends) with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Nervorum Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Nerves.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Wine is hurtfull inwardly and outwardly. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Modern Medicines for a Puncture, better than the Old. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oil of Turpentine mu&s;t be poured in in time. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I have experienced in my &s;elf, that, Wine even outwardly applied, is hurtfull in Di&s;|ea&s;es of the Nerves. When I came home from <HI>Ba|&s;il,</HI> I felt a Coldne&s;s all over my Hand; I had a mind to try what Wine would doe outwardly ap|plied in Di&s;ea&s;es of Nervous parts. I therefore chafed my hand twice a day for three days with Spirit of Wine; and what did it? The Pain in|crea&s;ed, &s;o that for &s;everal days I could not &s;tir my little Finger without pain. A Nobleman of <HI>Savoy,</HI> who had lo&s;t the u&s;e of his Legs by the Pal|&s;ie, when he had made a Bath of Herbs, which were very proper, but boiled in Wine, and had u&s;ed it &s;everal days, was taken with a Lethargy, which killed him in three days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen</HI> u&s;ed <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> the quantity whereof, he him&s;elf being Judge, none is able to find, by rea&s;on of the various age of the <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> and the various natures of Mens bodies. But the Moderns have found far &s;afer Medicines, as well chymical, as exotick; yea, and things common among us, that doe their work without Pain, which the &s;trong Medicines of the Ancients were apt to cau&s;e, and &s;uch as, whether the Nerve be bare or cove|red, may &s;afely be applied, (whereas to a bare Nerve all the old things could not be applied with &s;afety) As Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> di&s;tilled Oil of Turpen|tine, Tar, Wax, Oil or Bal&s;am of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort; in which there are all the qualities that <HI>Galen</HI> re|quires, with a Bal&s;amick virtue, which the old want; and the old have al&s;o a corroding quality; and the new do not onely wa&s;te Excrements, but very much &s;trengthen the innate Heat of the woun|ded part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Sometimes Oil of Turpentine will doe no good, when it is applied too late; and then we may hope in vain for a Cure, as it fared about 18 years ago with <HI>Theodor. Vander Noen,</HI> a Phy&s;ician and Chirurgeon of <HI>Am&s;terdam;</HI> Who having about noon let a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers fall out of his Hands, as he was catching them up in ha&s;te, he hit the la&s;t joint of his right Thumb again&s;t the point of them, and becau&s;e he felt but little pain, he neglected it for &s;everal hours; but about ten at night, he felt &s;ome &s;mall Convul&s;ions in the part that was hurt, and all over his body. He was of a cholerick Comple|xion, which made him, when he had taken Phy|&s;ick, to vomit it up again, neverthele&s;s, his Con|vul&s;ions and Pains continued; therefore he called me in the morning and &s;ignified to me that he mu&s;t die; Becau&s;e he never &s;aw one cured, into who&s;e Wounds that piercing Oil had not been poured at fir&s;t, which he had neglected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> becau&s;e the Pain was not great. And it happened as he foretold.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="13" TYPE="book">
<PB N="390" REF="201">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XIII. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> O.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Obe&s;itas,</HI> or Corpulency.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Taken down by drinking Vinegar. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What kind of Purging is good? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wa&s;ted by a Medical Powder. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Diet. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One made lean, onely by chewing leaves of <HI>Tobacco. V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>CHiapinius Vitellius,</HI> Camp-Ma&s;ter-General, a middle-aged Man, grew &s;o fat, that he was forced to &s;u&s;tain his Belly by a Swathe, which came about his Neck: And ob&s;erving that he was eve|ry day more unfit for the Wars than other, he vo|luntarily ab&s;tained from Wine, and continued to drink Vinegar as long as he lived; upon which his Belly fell,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Strada,</HI> de Bello Belgi|co.</NOTE> and his Skin hung loo&s;e, with which he could wrap him&s;elf as with a Doublet. It was ob|&s;erved, that he lo&s;t 87 pounds in weight.</P>
<P N="2">II. Le&s;t any great mi&s;chief &s;hould follow, we mu&s;t try to &s;ubtract by Medicine, what a &s;pare diet will not; becau&s;e it has been ob&s;erved, that a loo&s;ne&s;s either natural, or procured by Art, does not a little good. But this mu&s;t be done by degrees and &s;low|ly, &s;ince it is not &s;afe to di&s;turb &s;o much matter vio|lently, le&s;t it &s;hould come all at once. Therefore the be&s;t way of Purging is by Pills, of Rheubarb, <HI>Aloes,</HI> each 2 drachms, Agarick 1 drachm, Cinnamon, yellow Sanders, each half a drachm. Make them up with Syrup of Cichory. They mu&s;t be taken in this manner; Fir&s;t, 1 Scruple mu&s;t be given an hour and an half before Meal; then two or three days afterwards, take half a drachm or two &s;cruples be|fore Meal. Thus Purging mu&s;t be often repeated at &s;hort Intervals, till you think all the cacochymie is removed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 17.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. A certain Gold&s;mith, who was extreme fat, &s;o that he was ready to be choaked, took the follow|ing Powder in his Meat, and &s;o he was cured; Take of Tartar two ounces, Cinnamon three ounces, Gin|ger one ounce, Sugar four ounces. Make a Pow|der.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> found the things following to take down fat Men; e&s;pecially Onions, Garlick, Cre&s;|&s;es, Leeks, Seed of Rue, and e&s;pecially Vinegar of Squills: Let them purge well: Let them Sweat, and purge by Urine: Let them u&s;e violent exer|ci&s;e before they eat: Let them indure hunger, want of Sleep and Thir&s;t: Let them Sweat in a Stove, and continue in the Sun.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Let them ab|&s;tain from Drink between Dinner and Supper: for to drink between Meals makes Men fat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. I knew a Nobleman &s;o fat, that he could &s;carce &s;it on Hor&s;e-back, but he was a&s;leep; and he could &s;carce &s;tir a foot. But now he is able to walk, and his body is come to it &s;elf, onely by chewing of Tobacco Leaves, as he affirmed to me. For it is good for Phlegmatick and cold Bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Let <HI>Lingua Avis,</HI> or A&s;h-Keyes be taken con|&s;tantly, about one drachm in Wine. According to <HI>Pliny</HI> it cures Hydropical per&s;ons, and makes fat peo|ple lean.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinan|dus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ob&s;tructiones,</HI> or Ob&s;tructions.</HEAD>
<P><HI>(See Aperients, BOOK XIX.)</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="391" REF="201">
<HEAD><HI>Oculorum Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eyes.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Bloudletting not hurtfull. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Great and frequent Evacuations are hurtfull. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine is the Vehicle of drying Medicines to the Head. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Eye-bright is not good for every Di&s;ea&s;e of the Eyes. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;pon what the Efficacy of a Seton depends? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Oculorum Dolor, Inflammatio, Oph|thalmia,</HI> or, Pain of the Eyes, In|flammation, Bloud&s;hottenne&s;s.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When the Eyes are ill of a fluxion, where a Cau&s;tick mu&s;t be applied? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a pertinacious <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> we mu&s;t proceed to a Seton in the <HI>Occiput. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where I&s;&s;ues mu&s;t be made? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A contumacious <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> cured by applying an actual Cautery to the &s;wollen Veins of the Eyes. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Boring the Tip of the Ear is good. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be always proper? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topical Medicines mu&s;t be u&s;ed circum&s;pectly. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Gutta Serena, Vi&s;us Imminutio,</HI> or, a Blindne&s;s without any vi&s;ible cau&s;e, Diminution of Sight.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When a <HI>Gutta Serena</HI> is curable? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by applying Bli&s;ters to the Thighs. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By fa&s;ting. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By a Wound in the Forehead. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How u&s;ing Spectacles helps the &s;ight? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Suffu&s;io, Cataracta,</HI> or, a Suffu&s;ion, a Cataract.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Body mu&s;t often be purged. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One beginning cured by a Topick. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Pigeon's Bloud. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about couching a Cataract. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of u&s;ing purging Pills. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Macula, Cicatrices, Phlyctaena,</HI> &amp;c. or Spots, Scars, Bli&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Spots mu&s;t be di&s;tingui&s;hed from Scars, becau&s;e there is no cure for Scars. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chirurgical Cure of an <HI>Albugo. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Oculi Procidentia,</HI> or, Starting out of the Eye.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Starting of the Eye cured by &s;etting a Cupping-gla&s;s to the hind part of the Head. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The re&s;titution of the Humours of the Eye lo&s;t by a Wound. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Have found in my &s;elf, that letting of bloud is not hurtfull to the &s;ight: for when I had found my &s;ight troubled for &s;even years, and I had not let bloud for &s;ix months, I opened a vein, and let ten ounces of impure bloud, and as much after dinner, after which I found my &s;ight come to me perfectly. But becau&s;e the la&s;t bloud was feculent: the next day I bled again in the other Arm. And ever after, when I perceived my &s;ight fail me, I pre&s;ently u&s;ed that remedy, and I cannot find a more pre&s;ent one.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Though mo&s;t Practitioners do &s;trongly tor|ment the body with many Evacuations, in a Suffu&s;i|on e&s;pecially, which they think is a falling down of Water into the eyes; Yet we who have demon&s;tra|ted that the cau&s;e is in the eyes, and that no de|fluxion can be carried into the Capacity of the eye, do certainly know, that Evacuations doe no good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">teru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> but onely as they keep the body clean.</P>
<P N="3">III. Wine is the Vehicle of Drying Medicines to the Head, and is commended by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Apho|ri&s;m</HI> 31. for contumacious fluxions to the eyes, as a thing that is able to attenuate and di&s;&s;olve the re|bellious relicks of the humours. For which end, Wine, but &s;mall, mu&s;t be prepared for the Table, with Ingredients, in a little Ve&s;&s;el. So that to every Pottle of wine, there may be two ounces of red Sanders ra&s;ped, and one of Ro&s;emary Wood. And in this manner &s;ome exiccation of the gro&s;s matter, contained in the Head, and &s;trengthning mu&s;t be attempted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Almo&s;t all Botani&s;ts in dimne&s;s of the Eyes do extoll Wine, wherein &s;ome Eye-bright has been &s;teeped, to the Skies. But it is, as its &s;harp Ta&s;te argues, manife&s;tly hot, and becau&s;e it &s;tops fluxions of the eyes, it is al&s;o very probable that it is dry. Therefore we mu&s;t act circum&s;pectly, and not u&s;e Eyebright Wine promi&s;cuou&s;ly. For we are taught, <HI>Sect.</HI> 6. <HI>Aphori&s;m.</HI> 3. <HI>That either drinking of Wine, or the Bath, or Bleeding, or Purging, cures Pains of the Eyes.</HI> But it is not &s;aid, that onely drinking of Wine cures pains of the eyes. So we mu&s;t reckon, that Eye|bright-Wine can di&s;&s;olve &s;ome Mi&s;ts of the eyes, but not all. Therefore after <HI>Camerarius, Hofmannus</HI> does learnedly maintain, <HI>That Eyebright does not cure any dimne&s;s, but onely that which comes of Cold,</HI> and not eve|ry &s;uch dimne&s;s, but that which po&s;itively comes of Phlegm. For the Ta&s;te, which has &s;ome bitterne&s;s in it, &s;hews it to be a hot and dry Plant. <HI>And they make the matter wor&s;e, who gather the dry, &s;mall and &s;hort herb, and either take the juice, or infu&s;e it in &s;trong Wine; Therefore I very much &s;u&s;pect the daily u&s;e of the Con&s;erve.</HI> Wherefore &s;ince Eyebright-Wine is often taken a|mi&s;s, that is, neglecting Indications, let no Man ad|mire why <HI>Lobelius</HI> ob&s;erves, that how much &s;oever &s;ome Men commend it, it mu&s;t not be relied on: for he &s;ays, that by drinking it but three months, his Com|panion had almo&s;t lo&s;t both his eyes, and was op|pre&s;&s;ed with fluxions, whereas he had before but a &s;light <HI>Cataphora,</HI> and wept a little.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. A Seton is an excellent thing in di&s;ea&s;es of the eyes; Fir&s;t, becau&s;e the Spinal Marrow enters the fir&s;t <HI>Vertebra,</HI> and the Nerves of the eyes come from the Marrow. Secondly, all Membranes are terminated at the <HI>Vertebrae,</HI> but the parts of the eye are Membranous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nic. Benzo|nus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Oculorum Dolor, Inflammatio, Ophthalmia,</HI> or Pain of the eyes, Inflammation, Bloud<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ottenne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P N="6">VI. The external Jugular &s;ends out two branches below the Clavicle, one of which a&s;cends to the la|teral parts of the Head, one portion pa&s;&s;ing behind the <HI>Ears,</HI> which is di&s;per&s;ed to the forehead and <HI>Oc|ciput,</HI> above the Temples, in many branches. And <HI>Fernelius</HI> thought that a &s;erous humour was gathered in tho&s;e places, becau&s;e of the Veins, which falling on the parts underneath, creates fluxions in the ha|bit of the body. And the &s;ame party thinks, that a Cau&s;tick applied to the hollow place, behind the Ear, does more good to them that are ill of a fluxi|on, than one applied to the forehead, becau&s;e of a Branch of the Jugular, that runs to the eye.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Whether &s;ometimes al&s;o in an <HI>Ophthalmia,</HI> may we not proceed to a Seton in the hind part of the Head? The affirmative &s;eems probable, be|cau&s;e in &s;o doing, the afflux of humours is divert|ed from the part affected, and &s;o the peccant matter, which feeds the di&s;ea&s;e long, is &s;ubtracted from the place affected. For, &s;ince in other ca&s;es an I&s;&s;ue
<PB N="392" REF="202"> draws out the Ichorous Matter, which chiefly of|fends in the Body, from the more noble Internal parts outwardly to the Skin, and &s;ince it is able to correct the preternatural-motion thereof to any part, it &s;eems therefore, as if with very good rea|&s;on it might be u&s;ed here, that is, when the affluent matter is pertinacious, and after univer&s;al Correcti|on of the Plethory, or Cacochymie, it does &s;till &s;tand in need of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">me &s;trong Revul&s;ion. Setons u&s;e to be made in the <HI>Occiput,</HI> &s;ays <HI>Gava&s;&s;etius de nat. Cauter. c.</HI> 18. for revul&s;ion of the Matter, that flowes to the eyes, when the <HI>Occipitium</HI> is perforated between the fir&s;t and &s;econd, or, which he approves better of, between the &s;econd and third <HI>Vertebra.</HI> But all do not agree in what place it may be properly made, while &s;ome think it mu&s;t be made in the Coronal Suture; others on the contrary rather think it &s;hould be made in the <HI>Occipitium,</HI> where the Neck begins, and do demon|&s;trate it by probable rea&s;on, &s;ince the region of the Neck is directly oppo&s;ite to the place affected, and the peccant humours do more incline to that place, as being declivous; and an <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> does not &s;o ea&s;i|ly return from thence, as from the Coronal Suture: But &s;eeing the place about the beginning of the Neck, between the &s;econd and third, or the third and fourth <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Neck, is not very fit to bear an actual Cautery of one hole, therefore Ex|perience rather commends a Seton; when, to wit, the thick skin of the &s;aid place is taken up with a <HI>Forceps,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> and a thread is run through it.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Avicenna, Me&s;ues</HI> and <HI>Albuca&s;is</HI> &s;ay, That I&s;&s;ues in the crown of the Head, and the Neck, are very effectual. Let two I&s;&s;ues, &s;ays <HI>Rogerius,</HI> be made in the forehead, at the corners of the eyes, or one I&s;|&s;ue is made in the Neck, or two between the Neck and the No&s;e, under the thin part of the Ear. One Man, &s;ays <HI>Riverius</HI> in his Ob&s;ervations, was a long time ill of an Inflammation in the <HI>Tunica adnata,</HI> and both Eye-lids; the Di&s;ea&s;e was not continual but recurrent. Remedies were u&s;ed in vain. At la&s;t I ordered him two I&s;&s;ues between his two Shoulders, and a Cupping gla&s;s to be applied over them both, that is, when the fluxion was upon him; and when he had done this, his eyes were well.</P>
<P N="9">IX. An Oculi&s;t in <HI>Paris</HI> got him&s;elf great Riches, by applying actual Cauteries to the veins of weak and red eyes. This often &s;ucceeded very happily with him, and is taken for a new Remedy, which neverthele&s;s is found in <HI>Hippocrates,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE> <HI>lib. de Vi&s;u.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. I will not begrudge my Readers a &s;ingular remedy for an <HI>Ophthalmia,</HI> which was communicated to me by a friend; let the lobe of the Ear, on the &s;ide affected, be bored through, and put into the hole a long Tent, made of the bark of Spurge Lau+rel Root, turned and rowled up. The Tent mu&s;t be let alone there, till the Ear and parts adjoyn|ing &s;well: then the Tent mu&s;t be moved a little, that the water which is gathered, may run out; When this is drawn out, the Swelling of the Ear will fall,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Bartholi|nus.</NOTE> and the <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> will be laid.</P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Hippocrates Aphori&s;m.</HI> 17. 6. commends Purging: And <HI>Galen, in comment. And this is one Example of tho&s;e things, which are evacuated &s;pontaneou&s;ly and beneficially, which the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t imitate.</HI> Rea&s;on and Experience agree with it, becau&s;e Inflammations and Pains of the eyes are cau&s;ed by very &s;harp and &s;alt humours, which mu&s;t be carried off from the eyes by Purg|ing; and it has u&s;ually good &s;ucce&s;s. On the con|trary, one would think Purging &s;hould be rejected, becau&s;e Bloud, not Cacochymie offends, the redne&s;s and inflammation are witne&s;&s;es. Therefore <HI>Hippocra|tes,</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>tract.</HI> 18. &s;ays; Bloudletting cures a Quin&s;ie and Bleer-eyedne&s;s. Be&s;ides, Purges di|&s;turb and put the Humours in Motion; and drive them into the weak parts, which are inflamed, or in pain. For a Solution, we mu&s;t know, that an <HI>Oph|thalmia,</HI> or a pain in the eyes comes either from a Defluxion, or a Gathering. When Humours come from the Head, or the Parts underneath, and from the whole Body, both the Head and the whole Bo|dy mu&s;t be Purged. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Vi|&s;u,</HI> &s;ays; <HI>Purging of the Head and the lower Belly is good for an annual and epidemical Bleereyedne&s;s.</HI> For &s;uch an one indicates, that there is matter continually &s;ent from a Cacochymie, either in the whole, or in the Head, whence ari&s;e the ends of Purging; But when there is onely a <HI>Plethora,</HI> Bloud mu&s;t be let, according to <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> his advice in the &s;ame place. <HI>For &s;ome &s;uch pains let|ting of bloud is good, if the body abound with Bloud.</HI> But where the Di&s;ea&s;e comes from a Gathering, Purges doe plain|ly harm, and not good: for the eyes are weakned by them, and through weakne&s;s their proper aliment degenerates into a bad juice. And we may very well &s;ay, that &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es of the eyes, as are ef|fects onely of an Intemperature and plenitude of the Head, are irritated by Purges, and the greater &s;hare of the fluent Humour runs to the eyes: For the Brain &s;ometimes u&s;es the eyes as its proper Emunctories, to purge it &s;elf, which, if they be di&s;affected, do readily receive the Excrement. But when the mi&s;chief ari&s;es from the Bowels below, and from the impurity of the Belly, it is &s;afe to give a Purge. Moreover, you may not be much out, if you &s;ay, <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in his <HI>Aphori&s;ms,</HI> &s;poke of gentle Medicines, and a &s;pontaneous loo&s;ne&s;s; But in other places, of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">trong Elaterick Medicines, which with their acrimony and heat hurt the eyes.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Indications for applying of Local Medi|cines are taken chiefly from the place affected: For the laxity of the part, the &s;en&s;ibility, aptitude to &s;uffer, &s;ympathy and vicinity, e&s;pecially of the pu|pil and humours of the eyes, all the&s;e things will not permit us to apply any thing that is violently repercutient or re&s;olvent. For things that are too bitter and a&s;tringent, though they be highly reper|cutient; yet they irritate and exa&s;perate the&s;e parts of the eye, and cau&s;e greater pain: And &s;uch things as are over-hot and &s;harp do re&s;olve indeed powerfully, but they increa&s;e the Inflammation, and exterminate the part from the proper temperature of the eyes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ntanus.</NOTE> Therefore things moderate in each faculty mu&s;t be applied, both in repelling and di&s;|cu&s;&s;ing. &para; Repellents mu&s;t be &s;uch, as by their ex|ce&s;&s;ive Coldne&s;s and A&s;triction may not conden&s;e the Coats of the eyes, and &s;hut the pores; nor &s;uch as may exa&s;perate the eyes by their drine&s;s, nor &s;uch as may increa&s;e pain upon either &s;core. Therefore let Lenients be mixt with cold and a&s;tringent things, as Milk, Saffron, <HI>Sarcocolla.</HI> The &s;ame things mu&s;t not be over-tough, le&s;t they grow hard and clammy, and &s;tick too clo&s;e to the eyes: And there|fore though the White of an Egg beaten up with Ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e-water, or the like, be a mo&s;t proper remedy to repell; yet we mu&s;t &s;ee that we mix nothing with it, to make it hard and &s;tick to the eyes. Let Medicines al&s;o, which are put in the eyes, be care|fully clean&s;ed from their filth, and very finely pow|dered and &s;ifted, that no a&s;perity may be in them, nor biting. Therefore, if their biting depend upon heat, let them be often infu&s;ed in water of Ro&s;es, Endive, Barly, or Womans Milk: If up <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n coldne&s;s, let them be infu&s;ed in a decoction of Rai&s;ins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Fe|nugreek or Melilot, with &s;weet Wine.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Gutta Serena, Vi&s;us Imminutio,</HI> or a Blindne&s;s with|out any vi&s;ible cau&s;e, Diminution of Sight.</HEAD>
<P N="13">XIII. If this Di&s;ea&s;e come of Humours gathered in the fore-part of the Brain, which compre&s;s the Nerve, it may the more ea&s;ily be cured; <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o <HI>Hilda|nus, cent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 19. reports, how a certain Man lo&s;t his <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ight by a Vomit, who was cured by taking another. For the Humours were driven to the Op|tick Nerves by the fir&s;t, and were removed by the &s;econd. The ea&s;ine&s;s of the Cure &s;hewed, the mat|ter was not fixt in the &s;ub&s;tance of the Nerve, but onely lay on the out&s;ide of it.</P>
<P N="14"><PB N="393" REF="202">XIV. A malignant Vapour from the Womb ca&s;t a Woman with Child into &s;uch bitter Contractions of the Nerves, that &s;he was delivered, and knew it not; Be&s;ides, &s;he lo&s;t her Sight, though there was no fault to be &s;een in the outer Coat of the eye, which could never be cured without effectual re|medies, of all which Ve&s;icatories applied to the in&s;ide of her Thighs, did her mo&s;t good; by means whereof, the bloud, that tended upwards, was drawn down &s;o effectually,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> that &s;he e&s;caped Blind|ne&s;s.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A young Woman fell into a <HI>Gutta Serena;</HI> She re&s;olved to fa&s;t her &s;elf to death, and would take nothing but what her Husband forced her to take. She per&s;i&s;ted in this condition for a year, and was made very lean, her innate heat, for want of food, feeding upon her natural moi&s;ture, and on that moi&s;ture al&s;o, which cau&s;ed the <HI>Gutta Serena.</HI> So the Patient recovered her Sight, and recovered by a re&s;torative Diet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Formius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. We reade, how &s;ome Blind Men have reco|vered their &s;ight, and that &s;uddenly by a wound tran&s;ver&s;e the Forehead; &s;ome by a loo&s;ne&s;s coming &s;uddenly. The cau&s;e was nothing but a compre&s;|&s;ion of the Optick Nerves by the Ve&s;&s;els near them, that is, by the Veins and Arteries being &s;welled with Bloud, which were emptied by the Wound. Where|fore &s;ometimes, and with very good &s;ucce&s;s, in the Blindne&s;s, which they call <HI>Gutta Serena,</HI> I open the middle vein in the Forehead,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Spigelius.</NOTE> and let it bleed, as long as it will.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. I am of <HI>Platerus</HI> his opinion, who thinks, that hurts of the Sight, which are commonly a&s;cribed to &s;ome fault in the Spirits, may rather be a&s;cribed to the ill Site of the Cry&s;talline Humour, or &s;ome faults in the other humours; which often happen in young Men, in whom there is no fault or want of Spirits to be &s;een, and &s;uch faults may be a|mended by help of Spectacles, which could not be, if this proceeded from any fault in the Spirits: for how can Spectacles ever amend any fault in the Spirits? For &s;ince the <HI>Cornea Tunica,</HI> as al&s;o all the Humours, are made for admi&s;&s;ion and refraction of vi&s;ible Spirits, if they offend in Sight, or any other way, this refraction cannot be duly made, which may be amended by Spectacles: So al&s;o we may ob|&s;erve, that they who are otherwi&s;e well, do &s;ee very little things at a di&s;tance by help of Specta|cles; which comes to pa&s;s, becau&s;e of the peculiar refractions of the vi&s;ible <HI>Species,</HI> but by no means becau&s;e of the Spirits, which Spectacles can neither make clearer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> nor more plentifull.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Suffa&s;io, Cataracta,</HI> or a Suffu&s;ion, a Cataract.</HEAD>
<P N="18">XVIII. They that are troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e, are always in a manner co&s;tive: Therefore they mu&s;t be kept loo&s;e with Suppo&s;itories, Pills, or laxative Diet. <HI>Galen</HI> affirms, he has cured &s;everal by pre&s;cribing <HI>Hiera picra,</HI> onely by way of Epi&s;tle. But Pills mu&s;t be made without Saffron or Myrrhe, or but with a very &s;mall quantity of them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. There are many de&s;criptions of Collyries for the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of Cataracts in the beginning. I have experienced the Gall of a Pike-fi&s;h, mixt with a little Sugar (after Purging and a Bli&s;ter behind the left Ear) dropt into the left Eye of my Nephew. In a week it di&s;&s;olved the Suffu&s;ion that was beginning. <HI>Adrianus Spigelius</HI> u&s;ed this Gall with great &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Many commend Pigeon's Bloud dropt warm into the eye: for the part is much &s;trengthned with the innate heat of the Animal, and the excremen|titious humour is di&s;&s;olved. But becau&s;e this heat is &s;oon &s;pent in the Bloud; it would be much more proper to take a young Pigeon, before it be feathered, and to &s;plit it in the Back, and apply it to the eyes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. One may know it is &s;afely couched, when in turning of the eye the couched pellicle does not appear; and that the Cataract couched may not return, we mu&s;t have a great care we do not tear it into &s;everal parts: for &s;everal pieces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> though couched, will ri&s;e again and hinder the Sight. &para; Ob|&s;erve, that all the <HI>Tunica Cornea</HI> is covered with a ve|ry thin Membrane, which mu&s;t be forced into Wrinckles, before the <HI>Cornea</HI> is pierced (beginning at the outer corner, when you would couch the concrete humour, which is in the Watry Humour) le&s;t the Watry Humour &s;hould run out, after ta|king out of the Needle. <HI>M. Valentin,</HI> a great Ocu|li&s;t, ob&s;erved this.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. A Suffu&s;ion has its ri&s;e from vi&s;cid Phlegm, commonly called Melancholy, attenuated and mixt with the bloud, and carried together with it by the Arteries to the eyes, &s;ticking e&s;pecially in the Wa|try Humour, and darkning it, till it increa&s;ing more and more, and congealing whereabout the <HI>&V;vea</HI> makes the Pupill, it hinders the pa&s;&s;age of the vi|&s;ible <HI>Species</HI> in whole or in part. This &s;aid vi&s;cid Phlegm will be removed by Phlegmagogues, both common and Chymical, e&s;pecially <HI>Mercury</HI> any way well prepared. For Example, the&s;e following Pills may be pre&s;cribed, which &s;erve divers Indications; Take of Gum <HI>Galbanum</HI> prepared, with Vinegar of Squills one drachm, choice Ma&s;tick half a drachm, the be&s;t Ca&s;tor, red Myrrhe each one &s;cruple, white <HI>Carabe</HI> fifteen grains, Saffron half a Scruple, <HI>Aloe Ro&s;ata</HI> half a drachm, Trochi&s;cs of Alhandal one &s;cruple, di&s;tilled Oil of Fenil &s;ix drops. Mix them. Make fifteen Pills and gild them. Let the Patient take 3, 4, or 5 of the&s;e every other day, an hour or two after a light Supper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> &s;o that he may have a &s;tool the next day.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Maculae, Cicatrices, Phlyctaenae,</HI> &amp;c. or Spots, Scars, Bli&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<P N="23">XXIII. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve what <HI>Gordonius</HI> admoni|&s;hes us of, that Scars happen in the <HI>Cornea</HI> after the Cure of Ulcers, and they are all white; where|fore they &s;eem and are taken to be Spots. And when Phy&s;icians are called, they labour to cure them, as if they were Spots; but they labour in vain: for Scars can never be aboli&s;hed. Others, on the contrary, no &s;ooner &s;ee a Spot, but they take it for a Scar. Both are deceived, and we mu&s;t let a Scar alone, except onely for beauty: But you may have hopes of clearing a Spot or <HI>Albugo</HI> by Me|dicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plempius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. An <HI>Albugo</HI> is a Scar which is left in the black of the Eye after a Pu&s;tule or Ulcer; which when it is deeper than a &s;uperficial cloud, Phy&s;ici|ans commonly try to cure it in vain with Medi|cines, becau&s;e they are either too weak, or too &s;trong; &s;o that they gather the humours, and &s;et|tle them there when gathered. Therefore if the Chirurgeon have a gentle and light hand, and the Scar come not of a Wound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> it is be&s;t to &s;crape it off with a very &s;harp Penknife.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Oculi Procidentia,</HI> or, Starting out of the Eye.</HEAD>
<P N="25">XXV. <HI>A. de Aldrighettis</HI> could find no better Reme|dy for the Starting of the Eye, than &s;etting of a large Cupping-gla&s;s, without Scarification, to the hind part of the Head. One by a blow had his Eye &s;truck out of its Orbit, which a Phy&s;ician of <HI>Con|&s;tantinople</HI> got into its place again this way,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> as by a Divine Hand.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It happened, as two Si&s;ters were play|ing together after Dinner, the younger lifting up the elder Si&s;ter's hand ha&s;tily, as &s;he was &s;ewing, that &s;he &s;truck the Needle into the mid&s;t of the Sight of her Eye. When I was called, I ob&s;erved, that the watry humour, and part of the vitreous, was run out. About four of the clock in the after|noon I applied to the &s;wollen Eye the Juice of Elm|bladders;
<PB N="394" REF="203"> I ordered about midnight that the linen Cloth, that was to be applied, if it &s;hould be dry, &s;hould be wet in more of the Juice; in the mor|ning, I call GOD to witne&s;s, I found her well, but the Sight of her Eye was lo&s;t: And now, though it be twenty years &s;ince, you cannot tell which Eye is blind by looking on them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heers.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Oris Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Mouth. (See <HI>Aphthae,</HI> BOOK I. and <HI>Infantium Affectus,</HI> BOOK IX.)</HEAD>
<P>THE falling down of the Palate is omitted by Phy&s;icians, a Di&s;ea&s;e no le&s;s dangerous than rare. It comes from a di&s;tillation of an humour, which &s;o depre&s;&s;es the Mu&s;cles at the end of the Palate, that they are ready to &s;top the pa&s;&s;age of the Wind both by the Mouth and No&s;e. This &s;trait|ne&s;s kills a Man pre&s;ently, unle&s;s you immediately lance it, and by letting out the humour make way for Breathing. I &s;aw once a Swelling ari&s;e in the Palate &s;o quickly, that one had not time to think of a Gargari&s;m, nor of any other Remedies, ex|cept onely of cutting with a Penknife, which be|ing done dextrou&s;ly and quickly at that time, I &s;aw not onely much Water run out, but when the Swelling of the Palate was gone, the Man who was ju&s;t dying,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pius.</NOTE> came to him&s;elf.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>O&s;&s;ium Affectus,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Bones.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>With what Ex&s;quammation mu&s;t be performed? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Caries</HI> following the Pox is difficult. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Excellency of <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> to correct a <HI>Caries. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bared Bones do not always contract a <HI>Caries. IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cau&s;es and Cure of a <HI>Spina Vento&s;a. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an ulcerous <HI>Hyper&s;arco&s;is. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Cancer of the Bone. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BOnes mu&s;t ex&s;quammate and be taken out, when they are corrupt, or after Burning. Powders are made of Sarcoticks, as Myrrhe, All heal, Frankincen&s;e, adding &s;ome things which are reckoned to have the property to draw Bones, as Root of Reeds, which draws out Thorns and Splin+ters; Some al&s;o add Pine-bark, but without either judgment or rea&s;on; for this Powder is u&s;efull and effectual &s;ometimes indeed, as in Bones, which con&s;i&s;t of a rare &s;ub&s;tance, or of two Tables, &s;uch as the <HI>Os Cranii,</HI> the <HI>Os Coxendicis,</HI> and the <HI>Os Sacrum:</HI> for they have Veins within, wherefore they draw Fle&s;h out of the&s;e Bones. But in thicker and &s;olid Bones they are not &s;o commendable, becau&s;e Fle&s;h cannot be bred in the in&s;ide of them. Therefore drier Medicines mu&s;t be &s;ought, which have an e|pi&s;pa&s;tick faculty, as Powder made of Agarick, Tartar and Bone A&s;hes: for &s;uch a Powder, be|cau&s;e of the Agarick, draws out the Humour that lies within and corrupts the Bones, becau&s;e of the Heat it has, and the faculty to draw Phlegm. Be|&s;ides, Lees of Wine burnt, do by their Heat and great Drine&s;s &s;ever the &s;ick parts from the &s;ound, e&s;pecially in corruption of the Bones by the Pox.</P>
<P N="2">II. A <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bones, an u&s;ual Symptome of the Pox, is difficult to cure: The difficulty ari&s;es hence, becau&s;e the Venereal Poi&s;on intimately in|&s;inuates it &s;elf into the Bones, whither Medicines that are proper to correct it cannot reach; and the Di&s;ea&s;e cannot ea&s;ily be conquered with Fire or an actual Cautery. It is well known that an Acid (and we reckon the Venereal Poi&s;on con&s;i&s;ts in a &s;harp Acidity, and that it is mo&s;t penetrating) does mo&s;t clo&s;ely in&s;inuate it &s;elf into the Bones, and corrupt them even to Death; for Bones do truly live, and therefore &s;uch as are corrupted with a <HI>Caries,</HI> mu&s;t be reckoned for dead. Therefore for the Cure of a <HI>Caries</HI> it is nece&s;&s;ary, that all the part affected, as being dead, be &s;eparated from the &s;ound and living, with which the <HI>Caries</HI> can nei|ther clo&s;e nor long &s;ub&s;i&s;t, but it will infect the &s;ame, and by little and little bring it to the like corruption. But it is hard, either by Fire or by a red hot Iron, or by convenient Medicines, to &s;eparate the carious part of the Bone from the &s;ound, when the Venereal Poi&s;on had made holes in the Bone; and the farther it eats, the &s;tronger it grows; as it is plain in a Venereal <HI>Caries,</HI> which is the rea&s;on that it &s;tops not at a Bone, which cor|rupts, but daily grows &s;harper, whereupon at length, when it is arrived at the height, the Ve|nereal <HI>Caries</HI> grows incurable. And all the difficul|ty lies here, that u&s;ually proper Remedies cannot be conveniently u&s;ed and applied: for the parts near the Bone, as the Membranes, Tendons, Nerves, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are often hurt by an actual Cautery. And this Malady increa&s;es, becau&s;e actual Caute|ries, which doe little good at once applying, mu&s;t be often applied, if they will doe any great mat|ters, other Remedies are either too weak, or can|not penetrate &s;ufficiently to all the places, where the &s;aid Poi&s;on has in&s;inuated it &s;elf, which con&s;i&s;ts in a &s;harp Acidity, and is very penetrating. For whatever things yet have been found to take off the Acrimony of an Acid any way, are either lixivial Salts, both fixt and volatile, or volatile Spirits, or Oil, or Watry things, or &s;ome things compounded of them. But fixt lixivial Salts, which are the chief oppo&s;ites and adver&s;aries of an Acid, if they be pure and alone, will &s;tay at the <HI>&s;uperficies,</HI> and will doe nothing of moment: and if they be diluted with water, they will lo&s;e &s;ome of their virtue. If they be joined with a volatile Spirit, they will penetrate indeed the better, but they will operate more weakly. If they be made into a Soap with Oil, they are weakned, and cannot ea&s;ily pene|trate deep in, and if Water be added, to make them more penetrable, they are made more dull. No wonder therefore if a Venereal <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bones be &s;eldom cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In curing of Ulcers a Chirurgeon meets with nothing that creates him more trouble, and puz|zles him more than when an Ulcer is accompanied with a <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bones, e&s;pecially if it be deep, becau&s;e of the Moi&s;ture in the Bone. And for the drying up of this Moi&s;ture, and for making the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">one to &s;cale, Phy&s;icians and Chirurgeons both ancient and modern could think of nothing better than an actual Cautery; I allow <HI>Euphorbium</HI> the next place, &s;ince it not onely dries up the Humours in the Bone, becau&s;e it is &s;harp and hot in the fourth degree, but it &s;eems to be proper here by an oc|cult quality.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. I have ob&s;erved &s;ome Phy&s;icians and Chirur|geons, and tho&s;e no ordinary ones, who were of opinion, that Fle&s;h can never grow upon Bones, that are made bare in green Wounds, unle&s;s the &s;urface of the Bones &s;caled by the benefit of Na|ture and Medicines. Wherefore whenever they meet with a Wound where the Bone was laid bare, they &s;craped it with <HI>Scalpra</HI> till the bloud come for &s;everal days; then they applied &s;harp Medicines, as Oil of Sulphur, Vitriol, <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> and the like, and therefore of a &s;imple Ulcer, they often made a malignant one, as we may &s;ee in rotten Teeth. And though the Air be &s;tark naught for bared
<PB N="395" REF="203"> Bones; yet it does not follow, that they are al|ways altered and corrupted by it, e&s;pecially if the Chirurgeon be carefull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and u&s;e no &s;harp thing. &para; <HI>Hippocrates, Aph.</HI> 6. 46. &s;ays, that in all annual Ulcers, the Bone mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity corrupt: for becau&s;e &s;uch are malignant, therefore the Fle&s;h and the very Bone mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity corrupt. This is often ob&s;erved in the Pox, Small pox, and o|ther putrid Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es: for when the Bones are made bare by &s;uch cau&s;es, for the mo&s;t part they are corrupted before the Fle&s;h and the Skin are ul|cerated (as I have often ob&s;erved) nor will the Wound clo&s;e up till the <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bone is remo|ved. And that it may very well be, if the Lips of the Ulcer be kept open with prepared Sponge, and if Powder of <HI>Euphorbium</HI> be &s;trewed on every day. I have &s;everal times cured a <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bone, when it has not &s;caled. For <HI>Euphorbium</HI> rectifies the Bone by degrees, and all that is carious runs out with the <HI>Pus.</HI> I found this in a Girl, who after the Small-pox had a huge Ab&s;ce&s;s in her left Arm; when it was opened, the Bone was found to be ca|rious: In one part of the Ulcer, where the <HI>Caries</HI> was deep the Bone &s;caled by the benefit of Na|ture and <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> and Nature in&s;en&s;ibly correc|ted the re&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;o that &s;he perfectly recovered.</P>
<P N="5">V. I am re&s;olved to treat of the Cure of a <HI>Spina vento&s;a,</HI> becau&s;e no Authour has made it his bu&s;ine&s;s to explain it. The matter of this Di&s;ea&s;e is Phlegm. The place affected always the Joints, never the pla|ces between the Joints primarily; which if they ever be affected, it is by Sympathy. This is the way of its generation. If Phlegm, de&s;igned for the Nutrition of the Bones, putrefie or grow &s;harp, fir&s;t it corrupts the Bones, without any pain, and then the <HI>Perio&s;teum</HI> after the Bones. A &s;ign of it is a cutting, &s;harp and pricking Pain; &s;o that the Patient &s;ays he is as it were prickt with a Thorn: whence the Di&s;ea&s;e is called <HI>Spina.</HI> And while the Patient is vext with this Pain, and the <HI>Perio&s;teum</HI> is eroding, there is no Swelling, as then. But when the Bone is fir&s;t corrupted, and after that the <HI>Perio&s;teum,</HI> the Pituitous Matter, having a free pa&s;&s;age into the fle&s;hy parts, cau&s;es a Swelling in the Joint, at fir&s;t &s;oft and lax, and without Pain, of the &s;ame colour with the Skin, which being laid open, grows harder, becau&s;e more humours flow thither, the thinner part of which exhales, and the thick remains, out of which there comes a &s;erous matter, and the Bone appears to be cor|rupt by a Probe. I have ob&s;erved both Men and Women are &s;ubject to this Di&s;ea&s;e till they are twenty five years <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">d, not elder, unle&s;s it took them before and was not then cured. The Patho|gnomick Signs are, Pains at fir&s;t like the pricking of a Thorn, the Joints being affected, Youth, a &s;oft, lax tumour, which gaping, pours out a Sero&s;ity, and if any <HI>Pus</HI> come out, it is bred of the carnous parts. The Di&s;ea&s;e is hard to cure, both becau&s;e of the con&s;tant Conflux of Matter, and the Corrup|tion of the Bone, which, the wor&s;e it is, the more difficult the Cure. One beginning is ea&s;ilier cured than an old one, but it will never be cured, till the Fluxion is removed, and till all the corrupt Bone is taken away, either by Fire or the Knife. As to the Cure, as &s;oon as ever the Patient feels a prick|ing Pain, like a Thorn, in the Joints of his Hands or Feet, in his Armes or Knees, though this be rare, or in his Ankles, pre&s;ently, though no Swel|ling appear, it mu&s;t be cut, from which we mu&s;t not take away our Probe, till we find the uneven|ne&s;s of the Bone, which is a &s;ign that the <HI>Perio&s;teum</HI> is corrupt. Then the fir&s;t Indication is, to remove the <HI>Caries</HI> of the Bone, namely, to &s;crape it off, without which neither Ulcers nor Wounds can be healed. When the <HI>Caries</HI> is removed, Fle&s;h mu&s;t be bred, and then it mu&s;t be cicatrized after the u&s;ual way. But if by rea&s;on of the depth of the place, abra&s;ory In&s;truments cannot be got in, we mu&s;t burn with actual Fire. When therefore the hole is dilated, by Section, prepared Sponge, Gen|tian-root, or Pith of Elder, an Iron Pipe mu&s;t be put into it: then the corrupted Bone mu&s;t be burnt with a hot Iron, till the skilfull Arti&s;t thinks it will &s;eparate quickly, then you mu&s;t pro&s;ecute the re&s;t of the Cure as before. But becau&s;e it &s;ometime happens that the whole &s;pace between two Joints is corrupt in a Finger or Toe, e&s;pecially in Chil|dren, in this ca&s;e neither Fire nor the Knife will doe: but in their &s;tead we mu&s;t u&s;e a &s;mall Tre|pan, and bore it in the middle, from which with Sci&s;&s;ers made neatly for the purpo&s;e, the &s;ides mu&s;t be cut off, and the whole <HI>Internodium</HI> mu&s;t by little and little be taken away with a <HI>Vol&s;ella;</HI> and the empty place in time is filled with Fle&s;h, which in Children grows hard and &s;erves in&s;tead of a Bone: though when the whole <HI>Internodium</HI> is taken away, the Finger is &s;hortned, becau&s;e the Mu&s;cles are drawn to their Head, and the Softne&s;s of the Fle&s;h gives way. Now if a Phy&s;ician be called, when Solution of Unity is made by the pituitous Matter, grown &s;harp by putrefaction, the whole Cure mu&s;t be directed to the removing of the cor|rupt Bone, by the Contrivances and Cure before propo&s;ed; in which &s;ometimes two, three or more &s;mall Bones are taken out. But in &s;craping, bur|ning or taking out a Bone, we mu&s;t take heed not to hurt the Tendons, for fear of Convul&s;ions. This is the topical Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e, whereto mu&s;t be premi&s;ed the Care of the whole body by Medi|cines that purge Phlegm; yea, by giving a Decoc|tion of <HI>China, Sar&s;a, Guaiacum,</HI> and the like,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marche<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ti.</NOTE> to dry.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Bones are &s;ubject to &s;everal Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pe|cially to a <HI>Caries,</HI> which, becau&s;e it is bred divers ways, The&s;e ways de&s;erve notice. Preternatural Humours, upon whatever cau&s;e, whether &s;pecial or general, they penetrate the bone, &s;ometimes they cau&s;e an Ulcerous <HI>Hyper&s;arco&s;is,</HI> with moi&s;tne&s;s of the Bone; &s;ometimes they produce a Cancer of the Bone, or a <HI>Spina Vento&s;a,</HI> which are Di&s;ea&s;es, that mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be di&s;tingui&s;hed. And becau&s;e no Phy&s;ician has de&s;ignedly de&s;cribed them, I have a mind to communicate, what Rea&s;on and Experi|ence have taught me; The cau&s;e of an Ulcerous <HI>Hyper&s;arco&s;is,</HI> with a moi&s;tne&s;s of the Bone is Preter|natural Phlegm, which taking away the temper and hardne&s;s of the Bones, the Fle&s;h cannot be &s;u|&s;tained by this &s;oft foundation, whereupon it lo&s;es its natural con&s;i&s;tence: its con&s;tant nutriment from the bloud turns to a &s;oft and &s;pongy <HI>Sarcoma;</HI> this by degrees increa&s;es, and at length Ulcerates, whereby the Tendons, Ligaments and Nerves are corrupted, and the whole Limb is endangered. In this ca&s;e you can doe no good with Medicines, till you come to the ground of all, the Bone; for when the Bone is cured, pre&s;ently the Ulcer will be cured, and the Fle&s;h will come to its &s;elf. Here is occa&s;ion therefore for deep Inci&s;ion to come at the Bone: But if the excre&s;cence be too big, ex|tirpate it: If you find it grow again, apply a flat actual Cautery, having ever regard to the Bone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. The cau&s;e of a Cancer in a Bone is a &s;harp Humour, corrupting fir&s;t the Bone, and then the <HI>Perio&s;teum.</HI> Here is an Ulcer both of the fle&s;h and skin, which cannot be cured, till you have fir&s;t cu|red the Bone. The hole of the Ulcer is very &s;mall, the lips are pale, the fle&s;h is &s;oft and a little &s;wel|led; but it does not grow again of it &s;elf, as we &s;aid in an Ulcerous <HI>Hyper&s;arco&s;is,</HI> and here we mu&s;t cut to the very Bone lengthways, and then apply things to correct the corruption, as <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> Spi|rit of Vitriol mixt with Spirit of Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Powder of Turpentine boiled, till it is hard, is ex|cellent in this ca&s;e, mixt with <HI>&V;ngu. Fel. Wurtz.</HI> or <HI>Aegyptiacum.</HI> An actual Cautery is al&s;o &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary. The cure is ha&s;tned al&s;o, when, in&s;tead of a tent of Lint, Pith of Elder is u&s;ed, becau&s;e this imbibes the &s;harp and thin Humours, and &s;o
<PB N="396" REF="204"> an opportunity is afforded to Nature for doing her work more commodiou&s;ly. And &s;ince the&s;e Di&s;ea|&s;es do u&s;ually depend mo&s;t upon an intemperature of the ma&s;s of Bloud, &s;o that when one <HI>Cancer</HI> is al|mo&s;t cured, another ari&s;es in another place, Me|dicines are very nece&s;&s;ary to help the whole Bo|dy, which the following things will doe; Take of Root or Comfrey, O&s;mund Royal, China, <HI>Sar|&s;a,</HI> each one ounce, Bark of <HI>Guajacum</HI> &s;haven two ounces, be&s;t Rheubarb &s;ix drachms, clean <HI>Senna</HI> 10 drachms, light Agarick 6 drachms, Cloves one drachm, Cinnamon two drachms. Make an In|fu&s;ion twenty four hours in a &s;ufficient quantity of Barly-water warm. Boil them on a gentle fire; to four pounds of it &s;trained out, add of <HI>Syr. de Symph. Fernelii</HI> four drachms. Mix them. Make an Apozeme. The Do&s;e, three, four or five ounces. It will Purge gently, promote the Cure, and pre|vent a Relap&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="14" TYPE="book">
<PB N="465" REF="204">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO THE Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XIV. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> P.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Palpebrarum Vitia,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eye-lids.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When the Eye-lids are wounded, the parts adjoyning mu&s;t not be anointed with the Oyl of Ro&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what cautions Tubercles growing thereon, mu&s;t be cured? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Hare-Eye mu&s;t be treated with caution. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the falling down, Contraction, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> how Section mu&s;t be made? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Warts. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Ptilo&s;is</HI> by pricking. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an <HI>Ectropium</HI> by Scarification and Secti|on. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHen the&s;e parts are wound|ed, Chirurgeons do u&s;e, and they do well, to anoint the part all over with Oyl of Ro&s;es, that they may prevent Inflammation. Neverthele&s;s, when the Eye-lids are wounded, the parts thereabout mu&s;t either not at all, or exceeding cautiou&s;ly be anoint|ed with Oyl of Ro&s;es, as <HI>Aquapendent</HI> well ad|vi&s;es, le&s;t the Oyl fall into the Eye and inflame it: for Oyls are great enemies to the Eyes; but rather a Linnen Cloth wet in an au&s;tere black Wine, and &s;trained out, &s;hould be applied.</P>
<P N="2">II. Writers recite good and proper Remedies in the <HI>Hordeolum, Grando,</HI> Stone and Wart of the Eyes; but <HI>Galen</HI>'s Rule (which few take notice of) <HI>Com.</HI> 2. <HI>in lib.</HI> 6. <HI>Hippocr. de morb. popul.</HI> mu&s;t be ob&s;erved concerning them, to wit, that the&s;e Tubercles be fir&s;t exa&s;perated with the Shell of a Cuttle-Fi&s;h, or a Pumice-Stone, or with our Nails, and then we mu&s;t lay on &s;ome Detractory Medicines: And the rea&s;on why we do &s;o is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plempius, Ophthal|mogr. l 5. c. 1.</NOTE> that the Ulcerated Tubercles may receive the virtue of the Medicines deep into them; a thing, which, if you be wi&s;e, you will ob&s;erve not only in hard Tubercles of the Eye-lids, but al&s;o of any other part.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Paraeus, lib.</HI> 16. <HI>c.</HI> 6. &s;hewing the cure of a Hare-Eye, bids us have a &s;pecial care, le&s;t in ad|mini&s;tration of the Section the Cartilagineous edge of the Eye-lid be hurt. For, when that is cut in &s;under, he &s;ays, we may endeavour in vain to ele|vate the Eye-lid. But what has this Cartilagineous edge to do with the elevation of the Eye-lid? Cut it boldly, and cut it through again; if you do not divide the right Mu&s;cle of the <HI>Palpebra</HI> tran&s;ver&s;e, you will not hurt the elevation of the <HI>Palpebra.</HI> His Predece&s;&s;or <HI>Guido</HI> expre&s;&s;ed him&s;elf more to the purpo&s;e, and with better skill,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> <HI>Avoid as much as you can the Ciliary Rimb, for if it be hurt, it is
<PB N="466" REF="205"> very hard to cure.</HI> This is very true, becau&s;e of its Cartilagineous Nature.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Authors practi&s;e Section of the Eye-lids in the falling of them down and laxity, in their con|tracture, as in a Hare-Eye, in Tubercles, Warts, <HI>Mori, Grandines,</HI> &amp;c. In which Di&s;ea&s;es they al|ways, and without any di&s;tinction, order Section to be made according to the duct of the Wrinkles of the <HI>Palpebra.</HI> But a di&s;tinction mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be made: For if the fore&s;aid Tubercles ri&s;e upon the Skin or the External Circular Mu&s;cle, we mu&s;t in Section follow the duct of the Wrinkles in the <HI>Pal|pebra,</HI> for that is the proce&s;s of the Fibres in the Circular Mu&s;cle. You mu&s;t u&s;e the &s;ame Surgery in a Hare-Eye, who&s;e Cau&s;e has been a Cicatrice: Where we mu&s;t take &s;pecial care, that in cutting we do not force the In&s;trument deep, &s;o as to hurt the right Mu&s;cle lying underneath, which being hurt, the elevation of the Eye-lid peri&s;hes. On the contrary, if the Tubercles po&s;&s;e&s;s the inner <HI>Superficies</HI> of the Eye-lids, becau&s;e the long, right, de&s;cending Mu&s;cle has its &s;eat there from the Eye|brows downwards, the Section mu&s;t be admini&s;tred conformable thereto, having again e&s;pecial care that we force not the Knife too deep, and cut through the Circular Mu&s;cle, the tran&s;ver&s;e Section where|of cau&s;es an abolition of the &s;hutting of the Eye. As for the under Eye-lid, it con&s;i&s;ts of one only Mu&s;cle, namely, that &s;ame Circular one which is found in the upper: Therefore a Lunar Section has only place in it, &s;o as the Horns are turned not to the Jaw, but to the Eye; for there is the progre&s;s of the Fibres of the Mu&s;cle. But from the tran&s;|ver&s;e Wounds of the Eye-lids, all that profe&s;s Surgery do unanimou&s;ly predict the fall of them, and the abolition of their Elevation: And all Wounds are called Tran&s;ver&s;e by the&s;e Men, which pa&s;s from one corner towards the other. There|fore they a&s;&s;ert, that if a Wound de&s;cend from the Eye-brow downwards, and cut the <HI>Palpebra,</HI> abolition of the elevation of the <HI>Palpebra</HI> does inevitably follow. But Anatomy tells me other|wi&s;e; Becau&s;e therefore the Circular Mu&s;cle, which encompa&s;&s;es both Eye-lids, exerci&s;es the &s;hutting the Eye as its proper action, an abolition of the &s;hutting of the Eye follows the Tran&s;ver&s;e Section of its Fibres, therefore a Wound inflicted from the Eye-brows downwards hinders the &s;hutting, not the opening of the Eyes: for by &s;uch a Wound the Fibres of the Recludent or Elevating Mu&s;cle ly|ing within are not cut a&s;under. Be&s;ides, a &s;treight Wound, (&s;ay they) that is, proceeding from one corner of the Eye towards the other, has no danger in it, and portends no inconvenience, becau&s;e the duct of the Wound follows the rectitude of the Fibres in the Palpebral Mu&s;cle: They &s;ay true, indeed, if the Wound only hurt the Superior Circular Mu&s;cle; but if it reach deep, &s;o as to cut through the Inferior, or Internal Right Mu&s;cle, then it will do no &s;mall harm, that is, it will cau&s;e a falling down of the Eye-lid, becau&s;e the Fibres of the Elevator Mu&s;cle are cut acro&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Phy&s;icians, that are flatterers and &s;oothers of Di&s;ea&s;es, do not &s;o much as touch, much le&s;s cut off Warts of the Eye-lids. But <HI>J. C. Arantius l. de tum. c.</HI> 20. clips them with Sci&s;&s;ers, and wets them with Plantain Water, tinged with Alume, that they may not grow again, and that they may the &s;ooner Cicatrize. I can aver this upon my Experi|ence, that I took off &s;uch a Wart as this, which hung down from the middle of the Eye-lid, and hindred the &s;ight of the Eye, by running a Needle and a Thread through it, and taking both ends of the Thread, and drawing it up a little, I cut it out by the Roots with a &s;harp Pen-Knife, and anointed it with a little Oyl of Sulphur. The Man had had it Twenty years, and &s;till the Phy&s;icians had di&s;|&s;uaded him from medling with it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus, Med. Eff. p. 113.</NOTE> though it put him to continual trouble.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Ptilo&s;is</HI> is a callous, red thickne&s;s of the Eye-lids, often accompanied with the falling off of the Hair; a contumacious and tedious Ail, the Cure whereof I once experienced by pricking of the little Veins in the out&s;ide of the Eye-lid, which ri&s;e as it were into <HI>Varices;</HI> and many others came to me, whom I always cured the &s;ame way. Among the re&s;t, a Religious Man, who for &s;ix months could find no benefit by any Medicines, was thus quickly cured, that is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. 79.</NOTE> by frequent pricking with a Needle.</P>
<P N="7">VII. I have often cured an <HI>Ectropium</HI> by Scari|fication. <HI>And an</HI> Ectropium, <HI>according to</HI> Cel&s;us, <HI>is a fault in the upper Eye-lid, which turns up a little, and comes not down far enough to &s;hut; or in the lower Eye-lid, which is not drawn high enough, but turns back and hangs down, and cannot joyn with the upper. And both are cau&s;ed by &s;ome inward Di&s;ea&s;e, and by a Scar, and this not without defect in the Eye-lid, which if it be too defective, &s;ays</HI> Cel|&s;us, <HI>no Cure can re&s;tore it.</HI> So He indeed, but I found that an Eye-lid inverted after the Cure of a Carbuncle, &s;o that all the lower <HI>Sinus</HI> of the Eye lay much open, was amended by cutting the Circle of the Deglabrated Eye-lid; And this happened to a Ca|puchine, who by &s;uch cutting recovered the beauty of his Eye almo&s;t entirely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> who had been de&s;paired of by the Surgeons.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Palpitatio Cordis,</HI> or the Palpitation of the Heart.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be good? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where Blood mu&s;t be l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t be applied to the Back. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution in applying Ve&s;icatories. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Attenuants be proper for the cau&s;e? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Diureticks and Hydroticks? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweet &s;ented things are not proper, if it comes from the Womb. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from Wind, we mu&s;t avoid <HI>Syrupus de Po|mis. VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cau&s;ed by a Worm. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A violent one in an Hypochondriack Woman quickly di&s;cu&s;&s;ed. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from abundance or heat of Blood, how &s;uch things mu&s;t be u&s;ed? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of I&s;&s;ues. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t continue long in the u&s;e of Medicines. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by drinking Whey, and bathing in fre&s;h Water. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Willis</HI> his way of Cure. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The trembling of the Heart differs in the Cau&s;es from the Palpitation. <HI>XVI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough oftentimes Wind be found in this Malady, yet becau&s;e there may be Wind in a Spurious Palpitation, which proceeds from the heat of Blood, or inundation of the <HI>Pe|ricardium,</HI> it is not &s;afe at the fir&s;t coming of it, to apply hot things. Wherefore, if the mi&s;chief ari&s;e from the heat of Blood fir&s;t of all, according to <HI>Galen</HI>'s Opinion, Blood mu&s;t be let. In them, who labour of an Inundation of the <HI>Pericardium,</HI> never, unle&s;s very &s;paringly and &s;eldom; only that what oppre&s;&s;es the Spirits of the Heart may be moderately &s;ubtracted, and that the Fever (which perhaps for want of convenient Ventilation in|crea&s;es) may not gain ground, and I think this is
<PB N="467" REF="205"> what mu&s;t chiefly be done in a Spurious one. <HI>Mer|catu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> thinks Blood-letting hurtful, becau&s;e its In|dicant, namely abundance of Blood, does not at that pre&s;ent offend: For who will affirm, that Fla|tuous Matter, which is the immediate cau&s;e of this Affection, can be taken away by Blood-letting? Yet <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>loc. aff. c.</HI> 2. intimates the contrary, when he affirms, that all who are ill of a Palpitation of the Heart, are cured by bleeding and attenuating Food and Phy&s;ick. Which Tenet is not without rea&s;on; for when abundance of Blood is in fault, it indicates plentiful detraction, le&s;t the Spirits be &s;uffocated. But if there be no great Plenitude, yet Bleeding is convenient,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, Dec. 5. Prob. 3.</NOTE> becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e in re&s;pect of the part affected is great: for a principal part is affected, where we mu&s;t take care by Revul&s;ion, that abundance of Humours do not run more to the Heart, which is otherwi&s;e debilitated.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Palpitation of the Heart, as is very ap|parent to me, is u&s;ually cau&s;ed by a Melancholick Humour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Auge|nius, l. 10. de Si&s;t. c. 11.</NOTE> (that is, by con&s;ent with the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> in Splenetick Per&s;ons) wherefore I always did my Patients a great deal of good by &s;etting Leeches to the Haemorrhoid Veins.</P>
<P N="3">III. When in time of the Fit the &s;trength is not able to bear Bleeding, we mu&s;t u&s;e Leeches and Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es. As for the place, <HI>Rha&s;es,</HI> 7. <HI>cont.</HI> applies Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es to the Back. <HI>Avicenna</HI> di&s;approves them, becau&s;e they rai&s;e Palpitation, by drawing the Blood to the Brea&s;t. This contra|diction is thus taken away; Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es in Ple|nitude of the whole, applied to the Back with much flame and deep Scarification, e&s;pecially if they be large, u&s;e to rai&s;e this Tremulous affection of the Heart: Therefore in this ca&s;e they mu&s;t be &s;et to the lower parts. But when the Body is eva|cuated by Medicines and Bleeding, &s;mall Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es, gentle Scarification, with a little Flame, applied to the Back, do good; for they draw the Vapour, Wind, and Blood from the Center to the Circumference.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. For Revul&s;ion of the Matter in a tedious and frequent one, I&s;&s;ues and Bli&s;ters, either in the Arms, if the Matter fall from the Head; or in the Legs, if it be e&s;&s;ential, or tran&s;mitted from the lower parts to the Heart, are good. Concerning Ve&s;icatories <HI>Mercurialis</HI> cautions us, not to u&s;e <HI>Cantharides,</HI> becau&s;e they have a faculty malignant and adver&s;e to the Heart, but rather Crow's-Foot, <HI>Flammula Jovis,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="5">V. Where the Matter is &s;anguine, almo&s;t all agree in this, that Extenuating Syrups &s;hould be given: Being &s;wayed by <HI>Galen</HI>'s Te&s;timony, 5. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> 2. who treats a Palpitation with Blood-let|ting and Extenuating Medicines. And they take their Matter for Extenuaters from <HI>Lib. de Palpit. c.</HI> 5. where he reckons up all hot Medicines, endued with an Attenuant virtue, Penny-royal, Calamint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> This Operation is to me &s;u&s;pected, yea, dan|gerous; &s;eeing Wind may be bred of a hot cau&s;e, where Cacochymie or Plenitude is. The place is in <HI>Galen.</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 9. For if hot Attenuants be given in abundance of Blood, Wind and Vapours will be rai&s;ed, and they will increa&s;e the Palpitation. Therefore Attenuants may be cho&s;en, but they mu&s;t be cooling, as Pti&s;ane, <HI>Oxymel, Syrupus ace|to&s;us &s;implex, aceto&s;itatis Citri, &amp;c.</HI> And I believe <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> mu&s;t be under&s;tood of Atte|nuating Meats and Diet, not of Attenuating Me|dicines, but of true Extenuaters. And &s;uch are they, which dimini&s;h Blood, either of them&s;elves, or by accident. Of them&s;elves <HI>Venae-Section</HI> and all Evacuation of Blood; All Purging by Vomit or Stool, Sweat, or Urine, dimini&s;h Blood: By accident, a &s;pare Diet, Labour, Friction, Bathing. The place is in <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>aphor.</HI> 28. where under the name of Attenuating Medicines all the&s;e things are under&s;tood; And truly in abundance of Blood it is good to extenuate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> that is, to let Blood and dimini&s;h it.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>L. Septalius, lib.</HI> 6. <HI>animad.</HI> 117. forbids Diureticks in the Palpitation of the Heart, if thick Blood offend, becau&s;e they exhau&s;t the <HI>Serum</HI> of the Blood, and make it thicker. But when it ari&s;es from a warry and &s;erous Humour, there is nothing that can more ea&s;ily conquer the violence of this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Although we mu&s;t pre&s;ently relieve the Heart, as a principal part, by &s;uch things as have a &s;ingular virtue to encrea&s;e its &s;trength, and to di&s;cu&s;s the malignity of the Vapours, &s;uch as are mo&s;t &s;weet &s;ented and Aromatick things, which by their Bal&s;amick virtue defend the innate heat of the Heart, and by their heat di&s;cu&s;s and wa&s;te the Vaporous Matter. Yet if the Womb be the cau&s;e of the Palpitation, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them, the Di&s;ea&s;ed Con&s;titution of the Womb forbidding it. For &s;uch things pre&s;ently cau&s;e Fits, and then the Palpitation is greater. For when the Brain is re|fre&s;hed with &s;weet &s;ents, by the &s;ympathy which is between it and the Womb, if this be morbid, the latent Vapours are rai&s;ed, which fly to the prin|cipal parts, e&s;pecially to the Heart. Therefore we &s;hould rather fly to tho&s;e things, which have the faculty of di&s;cu&s;&s;ing that vapid Sub&s;tance, &s;uch as &s;ome fetid and &s;trong &s;melling things, which by their inimicous quality excite the expul&s;ive faculty to ca&s;t out what is noxious. Be&s;ides, they have a virtue to attenuate and violently to di&s;&s;ipate, as appears in <HI>Ca&s;tor, Galbanum, A&s;a faetida,</HI> and the like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. If the Palpitation come from Wind, E|lectuaries and other Compo&s;itions mu&s;t have no <HI>Sy|rupus de Pomis</HI> in them:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> for Apples keep their win|dine&s;s to the third concoction, as <HI>Avicenna</HI> writes.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A certain Valetudinary Prince, when he had been a long time mo&s;t grievou&s;ly troubled with Pal|pitations of the Heart, could find relief by no Me|dicines. A young Phy&s;ician coming in, tells, how he found in &s;ome Writings of the former Age, that a certain kind of Worm &s;ometime breeds in the Heart, which by taking a Clove of Garlick Even|ing and Morning may be killed; which Remedy was neglected, and accounted de&s;picable. But at length, when the Di&s;ea&s;e had killed the Prince, his Body was opened, a white Worm, with a very &s;harp horny &s;nout, was found &s;ticking to the Heart; which the Phy&s;icians took, and put alive into a Circle drawn on the Table with juice of Garlick;<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Heben|&s;trein, l. de Pe&s;te.</NOTE> it crept about and about; and was wonderfully tormented, but would not touch the Circle. At length being over|come with the &s;ent of the Garlick, it died within the Circle.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Noble Matron of <HI>Newemburgh</HI> 35 years old, had been troubled with the Hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;e for ten years: She was taken with &s;o vio|lent a Palpitation, that one would have thought her Heart would have broke her Ribs and leaped out of her Brea&s;t. When I was called, I pre&s;ently or|dered an Emollient Gly&s;ter to be given her, be|cau&s;e &s;he never went to Stool, but upon meer ne|ce&s;&s;ity. This was &s;ucceeded by a Carminative one. Afterwards an Epitheme was applied of Treacle, <HI>Confectio hyacynthina,</HI> and <HI>Alkermes</HI> without Am|ber or Musk. Then the following Potion was given her; Take of Water of Balm, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> each 1 Ounce, Orange-flower-Water half an Ounce, Cinnamon Water 2 Drachms, <HI>Syrupus corticis Citri,</HI> made according to <HI>Zwelfer</HI>'s Correction, and of Be|tony Flowers each half an Ounce, Oyl of Citron rind 2 Drops, prepared Pearl 5 Grains, Saffron 1 Grain. In two hours time it left her, and never returned again.</P>
<P N="11">XI. This mu&s;t be reckoned in the Palpitation, which comes from heat and abundance of Blood; we mu&s;t neither u&s;e hot things, le&s;t the efferve&s;cence be increa&s;ed, nor cold ones, le&s;t, when the efflux of Vapours is &s;topt, the Palpitation grow more violent. For it is &s;ufficient to u&s;e temperate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &s;trengthning, and odoriferous things.</P>
<P N="12"><PB N="468" REF="206">XII. I&s;&s;ues are very good in the Palpitation of the Heart, as I have happily experienced. Which, &s;ince they may be made in divers parts of the Bo|dy; if the matter falling from the Head cau&s;e the Palpitation, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, it is be&s;t to make I&s;&s;ues in the upper parts; and in this ca&s;e I u&s;e to advi&s;e an I&s;&s;ue in the right Arm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> But if it be e&s;|&s;entially in the Heart, or come by con&s;ent with the lower parts, it is much better to make an I&s;&s;ue a little above or below the Knee.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In this &s;ort of Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t long on Medicines;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinan|dus, Hi&s;t. 12.</NOTE> for after &s;ix months, or a whole year, the Di&s;ea&s;e u&s;es to return; as I have known &s;everal. Wherefore we mu&s;t always be doubtful of it, and not be overjoyed, becau&s;e it cea&s;es for a month or two.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Joh. Praevotius</HI> in a years time cured Baron <HI>K.</HI> of a Palpitation of the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, Cent. 2. Ob&s;. 40.</NOTE> and of all the Arteries, in manner of an Aneuri&s;m, from retorrid Bile, with drinking of Whey, and bathing in fre&s;h Water. <HI>Fernelius</HI> mentions this Pul&s;ation, <HI>Path. lib.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 12.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Since the Cau&s;es are various, the Cure mu&s;t al&s;o variou&s;ly be in&s;i&s;ted on: For what &s;ome hold, that the&s;e Remedies, which are vulgarly called Cordials, do refre&s;h the Heart, and are thought to help it, as it is laboring, this is repugnant to Rea|&s;on and to ordinary Experience. Since therefore we have declared, how the Palpitation of the Heart proceeds from &s;ome fault in the Blood, or in the Arteries that are joyned to the Heart, and have &s;hewn the divers ways of affecting both of the&s;e, an apt method of Cure mu&s;t be accommodated to every &s;ort of that Di&s;ea&s;e. 1. Therefore, if the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from &s;ome fault in the Blood, the primary Therapeutick intention mu&s;t be, to exalt the Blood, that is too watry, and unfit for Accen&s;ion and Fer|mentation, to a better <HI>cra&s;is,</HI> and to exalt and in|crea&s;e its active Principles, that are depre&s;&s;ed or dimini&s;hed: For which purpo&s;e, Spirituous Me|dicines, al&s;o Saline of all &s;orts, Sulphureous, and e&s;pecially Chalybeates, are proper. Here al&s;o we may pre&s;cribe &s;uch things as are u&s;ed in a <HI>Leuco|phlegmatia, Pica,</HI> and a cold Scurvy. 2. The Palpitation of the Heart, which is more frequent and much more violent, comes from the Cardiack Arteries, and then their fault is either an Ob&s;tructi|on, or a Spa&s;modick Affection. The fir&s;t Di&s;ea&s;e is u&s;ually continual, and often incurable, e&s;pecially if it comes from Con&s;umptive Lungs, or from a Tubercle at the Roots of the Arteries, or &s;ome bony Excre&s;cence, whereby they are half &s;topt up or compre&s;&s;ed; Which cau&s;es, if at any time they be there, and can perfectly be known, it would be in vain to endeavour to remove them: But rather this only mu&s;t be done; we mu&s;t give the Patient &s;ome ea&s;e by an Hypnotick, to prolong a mi&s;erable Life a little further. Nor is it al&s;o improbable, that the Arteries are in a great mea&s;ure filled by Polypous Concretions, that are u&s;ed to breed there, and &s;ometimes within the Ventricles of the Heart, and therefore the free and total exilition of the Blood is hindred. As the Diagno&s;tick of this is very difficult, &s;o I think the Cure of it is no le&s;s rare. When there is &s;u&s;picion of it, Saline Medi|cines e&s;pecially &s;eem to be of u&s;e, and &s;uch of them mu&s;t be given, as are endued with a Volatil or Acid Salt. And the &s;ame things mu&s;t not be given together, but the&s;e for &s;ome &s;pace of time, and (when they will do no good) others may be tried. 1. Spirit of Sal Ammoniack compound with <HI>Mille|pedes,</HI> or di&s;tilled with other Anta&s;thmaticks 3 Ounces. The Do&s;e from 15 Drops to 20 thrice a day in &s;ome Julep or appropriate Water. 2. Spi|rit of Sea-Salt, or Vitriol, impregnated, di&s;tilled, and often cohobated with Spirit of Wine, and Pneumonick Herbs, 3 Drachms. The Do&s;e from 15 Drops to 20 in the &s;ame manner. 3. The Palpi|tation of the Heart is often a Convul&s;ive Affection, and is u&s;ually produced by the like cau&s;e and way of efficiency, whereby other Hypochondriack and A&s;thmatick Di&s;ea&s;es are u&s;ually produced. The Cure whereof mu&s;t in like manner be attempted by An|ti&s;pa&s;modick Remedies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P><HI>Saxonia</HI> mentions this la&s;t &s;ort, <HI>Praelect. Pract. parte</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 1. <HI>It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>that it is cau&s;ed by &s;ome fault in the Nerves alone, nothing appearing ami&s;s in the Brain, Brea&s;t, or Mu&s;cles: Which I ob&s;erved in my Brother, whom I perfectly re|&s;tored by the u&s;e of Treacle only, applied to the be|ginning of the Spinal Marrow.</HI></P>
<P N="16">XVI. The Trembling of the Heart (which they commonly call the Pa&s;&s;ion of the Heart) is a Di|&s;ea&s;e di&s;tinct, yea, quite another, from the Palpi|tation of it. For in the Trembling the Carnous or Motive Fibres &s;eem to be affected by them&s;elves, and the Morbifick cau&s;e does not in this, as in the other Di&s;ea&s;e, con&s;i&s;t in the Blood, or in the Ar|teries of the Heart. The trembling of the Heart may be de&s;cribed to be a Spa&s;modick Convul&s;ion, or rather a Trepidation of it, wherein the Motive Fibres do very quickly make only &s;emicontracted, and very &s;peedy <HI>Sy&s;toles</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;toles,</HI> but abrupt, and as it were half &s;trokes, &s;o that the Blood can be brought into the Ventricles of the Heart, and car|ried out only by &s;mall portions. The formal rea&s;on &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t in this, that the Animal Spirits be|longing to &s;ome certain Mu&s;cles, do &s;tart re&s;tle&s;s out of the Tendons continually into the Fle&s;h, and return, and &s;o in a perpetual vici&s;&s;itude they re|peat their Excur&s;ions and Recur&s;ions; in the mean time when they are only exalted with &s;mall Forces, &s;o that they do not fill up the Carnous Fibres, and they &s;tay in the&s;e Fibres only a &s;hort time; and al|though they make &s;ometimes, frequent efforts, yet they are weak; in&s;omuch that the Members and Limbs are not moved out of their places by the Mu&s;cles, &s;o perpetually agitated; and the Heart, during its trembling, how quickly &s;oever &s;haken, yet it is &s;carce able to drive the Blood about; as is plainly manife&s;t from the little, and as it were, tremulous pul&s;e, and a decay of all &s;trength. As to the Conjunct and Procartarctick Cau&s;es, where|by namely the Mu&s;cular Spirits are made &s;o in|&s;table, or acquire this De&s;ultory Faculty, it &s;eems, that &s;ome Heterogeneous and Ela&s;tick Matter, ha|ving pa&s;t the Brain and Nervous Ducts, then is carried into the Mu&s;cles, and the Tendinous ends of them, where mixing now and then with the Spirits it irritates them, &s;o that they can be quiet no where, but run hither and thither continually, and in the mean time they either omit, or do not &s;trenuou&s;ly perform their proper Offices. The cau&s;e of the trembling of the Heart is commonly laid upon the Spleen; for it is vulgarly &s;uppo&s;ed, that foul Va|pours are, by this parts being ob&s;tructed, or other|wi&s;e ami&s;s, &s;ent to the Heart, which &s;ei&s;ing of it, make it &s;o &s;hake and tremble, yea, as if it were in a cold fit. This Opinion has gained &s;ome credit, becau&s;e Hypochondriacks or Spleneticks are found to be very &s;ubject to the Cardiack Pa&s;&s;ion. But the rea&s;on why they that are reckoned Splenetick and Hy&s;terick, are &s;o commonly troubled with the Pa&s;&s;ion of the Heart, is the great affinity, and in|timate communication between the Splenetick and Cardiack Nerves, &s;o that not only the affection of one Part does draw another ea&s;ily into con&s;ent; but if at any time Spa&s;modick Matter falls upon the Branches of the Nerves belonging to the Spleen or Bowels in the lower Belly, it &s;eldom mi&s;&s;es, but the &s;ame in like manner &s;ci&s;es tho&s;e that belong to the Heart. As for the method of Cure to be fol|lowed in the Cure of the Pa&s;&s;ion of the Heart, be|cau&s;e it is a Di&s;ea&s;e meerly Spa&s;modick, therefore not Cardick, but rather Cephalick and Nervous Medicines are indicated, which yet according to the Temperament and Complexion of the Patient mu&s;t be hot or moderate, and &s;ometimes of this,
<PB N="469" REF="206"> &s;ometimes of the other nature. That I may com|prehend the bu&s;ine&s;s in &s;hort, three &s;orts of Me|dicines u&s;e to do the mo&s;t good in this Di&s;ea&s;e, Te&s;taceous, Chalybeates, and things endued with a volatil &s;alt. Therefore fir&s;t of all provi&s;ion be|ing made by evacuating the whole, Medicines may be pre&s;cribed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which &s;hall &s;eem to be mo&s;t u&s;eful.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Let a Man take this Potion inwardly, which I have &s;een do good to a miracle; Take of Water of Borag&egrave; 5 ounces, Syrup of Borage 1 ounce, Julep of Ro&s;es, Cinnamon Water, each half an ounce, di&s;&s;olved Pearl 2 drachm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, di&s;&s;olved Gold 1 drachm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> Mix them.</P>
<P N="2">2. Spirit of Balm alone cures the Palpitation of the Heart, when the Body is purged. Take of <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony 2 ounces, the be&s;t Gold 2 drachms: Melt them in a Crucible, then reduce them to Powder, add of red Coral, Pearl each 2 drachms. Mix them through a Sive. Add the like weight of the be&s;t Nitre. Burn them in a hot Fire for three hours. Powder them very fine. Wa&s;h it in &s;weet Water. Put it into a Gla&s;s retort with the be&s;t Spirit of Wine, and di&s;til the Spirit, coho|bating it three or four times upon the Powder. So it is prepared for an excellent Bezoardick Powder, which in virtue excels the Bezoar-Stone. The Do&s;e half a drachm with Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> Meadow-&s;weet, or Balm. It is given to drive out, in Palpitation of the Heart, Malignant Fevers, and the Small Pox.</P>
<P N="3">3. For the Palpitation of the Heart I ordered the following Bag to be applied to the Heart; Take of dry Balm 4 handfuls, the Cordial Flowers 1 pu|gil, &s;hred them gros&s;ly. Make a Bag. When it was applied to the Heart, the Palpitation cea&s;ed to a miracle. There is an admirable virtue in Balm both taken inwardly, and applied outwardly. I took green Balm and Borage, brui&s;ed them a little, laid them upon a hot Tile, &s;prinkled them with a little Ro&s;e Water and Vinegar, and applied them to the Heart;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> and the Palpitation of it cea&s;ed, to the admiration of all Men.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Juice extracted out of Weather's Hearts &s;trengthens the Heart wonderfully; Take the Heart of a Weather or a Kid, dry it, &s;tick a few Cloves in it, put it in an Earthen Ve&s;&s;el, &s;et it in an Oven, in which the Heart di&s;&s;olves into juice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crembs.</NOTE> Give it the Sick to drink</P>
<P N="5">5. The following Water is a great Secret; Take of Hearts of Hogs, of Harts each <HI>N.</HI> 2. Cut them in pieces. Add of Cloves, Galangale, Seed of Ba&s;il, each 2 drachms. Flowers of Buglo&s;s, Ro&s;emary, Borage, each 2 Handfuls. Let the Spi|ces and Seeds be cut and brui&s;ed after a gro&s;s man|ner. Put to them as much Malm&s;ey Wine as is &s;ufficient. Dige&s;t them for 24 hours. Di&s;til them. The Do&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Herlicius.</NOTE> half an ounce with Sugar.</P>
<P N="6">6. A piece of fine White Bread, &s;opt in Wine of <HI>Crete,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Joel.</NOTE> and eaten, is admirable for &s;trengthning the Heart, and &s;topping its Palpitation.</P>
<P N="7">7. In a Palpitation from a cold Cau&s;e true Rha|pontick is of incredible Efficacy, if 2 drachms of it be taken in Wine; or if Wine wherein the &s;ame Rhapontick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> All-heal, <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> or Faenugreek has been in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u&s;ed, be drunk.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Paraly&s;is,</HI> or the Pal&s;y.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes Blood mu&s;t be let. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are &s;ometimes good. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from Phlegm, whether we mu&s;t purge in the beginning? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At fir&s;t we mu&s;t go to work with gentle Medicines. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Oxymel</HI> may be admitted among Prepara|tives? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Sudorificks may be given? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or Treacle, or Mithridate? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why &s;ometimes Sudorificks do hurt? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Sweat mu&s;t be rai&s;ed, when External Pains ac|company a Pal&s;y? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Diureticks to be preferred before Hidroticks. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t not con&s;i&s;t of over emollient things. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Bathes &s;ometimes hurtful. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they do good in that which follows a Colick? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In&s;en&s;ible Evacuants mu&s;t be violent. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cure by Salivation is not good for every one. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by Salivation. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may rai&s;e a Fever? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it comes from External Humidity, a mu&s;t quickly be cured. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is no harm in making Decoctions, Infu&s;ions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with Wine. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Confectio Anacardina</HI> be &s;afe? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sinapi&s;ms and Bli&s;ters, when proper? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;rtication good. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topical Medicines mu&s;t be applied to the Original of the Nerves. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not exceed in heat. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pal&s;y from an External Cau&s;e cured by an ea&s;ie Remedy. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oyly Medicines are not proper for all. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure mu&s;t be varied according to the variety of Cau&s;es. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be cau&s;ed by Bile, and Blood. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That which comes from a Melancholick Juice, mu&s;t be cured with Chalybeates. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cea&s;ing after voiding of Worms. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That which follows the Colick, requires not the Cure of the Origination of the Nerves. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How by Pications we may help the Atrophy of the Limbs, which follows. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The continued u&s;e of Infu&s;ions is excellent. <HI>XXXIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme mention Venae&s;ection, which yet, un|le&s;s there be a <HI>Plethora,</HI> &s;eems not proper, becau&s;e here is not the &s;ame danger of extingui&s;h|ing the Vital Flame, as in an Apoplexy. But yet, if the Blood appear not to circulate conveniently, and that from above, &s;mall Pul&s;e and &s;hort Breath, I think Venae&s;ection altogether nece&s;&s;ary, for the &s;ame Rea&s;ons, which we propounded in the Apo|plexy, [<HI>See Tit. Apoplexy Book</HI> I.] And I re|commend the&s;e two Signs, taken from the Pul&s;e and Re&s;piration, to be carefully ob&s;erved by all Men, becau&s;e they are the principal Signs of the Blood's Re&s;tagnation about the Ventricles of the Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> and of danger of Suffocation. &para; Although Medical Writers do u&s;ually re&s;pect Pituitous Matter, yet &s;ince it is manife&s;t, that it &s;ometimes ari&s;es from Plenitude of Blood, this may be let boldly. I &s;peak this, becau&s;e &s;ome fear to do it: reckoning that a Pal&s;ey always comes from Phlegm. I know a Woman, who, when &s;he had been let &s;ix ounces of Blood, could not be cured; but when &s;ome pounds had been let, &s;he was cured; though &s;ome Phy&s;icians were afraid of &s;o great a quantity: And I know two Men, who by bleeding in great quanti|ties, and at &s;everal times, were cured: Therefore in a Sanguineous Pal&s;y Blood may be let boldly, not once only but oftner, not in one place but &s;e|veral. But if in the Pal&s;y there be not a Legi|timate Sanguine, but a Spurious Plenitude; Blood mu&s;t be taken away, yet &s;paringly, as <HI>Aetius, Paulus, Alexander,</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> are of Opinion: For the la&s;t, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 27. writes, That Bleeding and Purging are good for Paralyticks. In this ca&s;e it mu&s;t be let &s;paringly, only to about &s;ix ounces.
<PB N="470" REF="207"> Yet this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, That is the Pal&s;y &s;eize all the Parts of the Body but the Head, the Hae|morrhoid Veins mu&s;t be bled: If one part be free, Blood mu&s;t be let in that.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Vomits &s;ometimes do abundance of good in curing the Pal&s;y, namely, becau&s;e they &s;ub&s;tract Matter from the Conjunct Cau&s;e; and they do not always drive further the Matter impacted into the Nerves, but make Revul&s;ion of it, &s;hake it, and often break it into pieces, &s;o that when the conti|nuity of the Ma&s;s is broken, the Animal Spirits them&s;elves do ea&s;ily di&s;&s;ipate the Particles of the Morbifick Matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> when they are parted a&s;under.</P>
<P N="3">III. There is a Controver&s;ie between <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Avicenna,</HI> whether we may Purge in the be|ginning. <HI>Avicenna</HI> before giving of Purgatives, propounds Preparatives and gentle Medicines. <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> at the very fir&s;t u&s;es <HI>Pilulae Cochiae,</HI> and con|&s;equently &s;trong Purgers. I thus compo&s;e that Con|trover&s;ie; When the Pal&s;y is new, through &s;ome great fault in the Head, as after an Epilep&s;ie or Apoplexy, I am of <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> his Opinion, pre&s;ently to give a Purge. The Rea&s;on is plain; for there is danger of the return of the Epilep&s;ie or Apo|plexy, which we mu&s;t immediately prevent by gi|ving a Purge. But if the Pal&s;y be old, in a de|terminate part, without hurt of the Brain, <HI>Avi|cenna</HI>'s Judgment mu&s;t be followed, fir&s;t a Lenitive mu&s;t be given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and then Preparatives.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In the Pal&s;y our Ance&s;tors ob&s;erved this, that in the beginning it mu&s;t be treated with gentle Medicines, and not with very violent ones, whe|ther taken inwardly, or applied outwardly. Cer|tainly I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved, That a Pal&s;y of one &s;ide has followed that which was only in a part; and &s;ometimes an Apoplexy has followed this, the abundance of Noxious Matter being agitated in the Head more than it &s;hould be, when any one has en|deavoured to carry it off by a &s;harp Medicine. And there is a great Error oftentimes committed, in that, when the Head and Body are not well purged, &s;uch Medicines are given, as by their heat and motion ea&s;ily get into the Head, and there they put the Humour into Fu&s;ion and Fluxion, which Nature by re&s;t and a good Cour&s;e of Diet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> would have at length overcome and concocted. Ex|perienced Phy&s;icians know this.</P>
<P N="5">V. I do not di&s;approve of <HI>Oxymel</HI> with other Preparatives, although Vinegar be an enemy to the Nerves, as they are dry parts; but when they are imbued with, and full of Pituitous Juice, Vinegar is not hurtful,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and e&s;pecially diluted with Honey, and mixt with Syrups.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Septalius, l.</HI> 6. <HI>Anim.</HI> 74. rejects Sudori|ficks, and prefers things that provoke Urine, and he thinks Phy&s;icians generally commit a great Error, that, omitting promoters of Urine, they u&s;e Hi|droticks, becau&s;e thick Matter is al&s;o carried off by Urine: And when the thinner part is evacuated by Sweat, the thicker is rendred more hard, ob|&s;tructive, and difficult, as to Motion and Evacua|tion. But grant all this to be true in Di&s;ea&s;es, who&s;e cau&s;e lies in the Bowels and <HI>Hypochondria,</HI> or in the Veins, yet the rea&s;on does not hold in the Pal&s;y: For, &s;eeing the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ticks about the Nerves, I &s;ee not how it can ea&s;ily get from thence to the ways of Urine. But Evacuation by the ambit of the Body is ea&s;ie. Nor need we fear, that by the u&s;e of Sudorificks the Matter will grow too hot, becau&s;e it is cold, and &s;o re|quires heating, in&s;omuch that &s;ome think, a Fever &s;hould be rai&s;ed, which may heat and melt it; Nor that it will grow thick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &s;eeing Hydroticks have an Attenuative virtue.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Opiates are much commended by Practi|tioners, which, becau&s;e of the <HI>Opium,</HI> are very much &s;u&s;pected by me in the &s;tupidity and imbecillity of the Nerves. And they give Treacle, Mithridate, <HI>Aurea Alexandrina,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. There is not one among the vulgar, but may ea&s;ily ob&s;erve, that Diaphoreticks do much good, and &s;ometimes much harm. Wherefore it is of much moment, to explicate the Rea&s;ons of &s;o dif|ferent an Effect. Therefore plentiful Sweating is &s;ometimes good for Paralyticks, upon a twofold account e&s;pecially, namely, becau&s;e it plentifully exterminates the Impurities of the Blood and Ner|vous Juice, that are apt to exhale; And, that the Morbifick Matter may flow no more to the Brain and parts affected, and that what is flown already may in part be thrown off. And &s;econdly, becau&s;e the <HI>effluvia</HI> of heat, flying from the ae&s;tuating Blood, do very much open the Nervous Ducts, &s;topt be|fore, and open a pa&s;&s;age for the Spirits, while in Evaporation they pa&s;s that way. Wherefore this Admini&s;tration is proper for them e&s;pecially, and in a manner for them only, who&s;e Blood, not be|ing very full of fixt Salt and Sulphur, is diluted with a limpid and in&s;ipid <HI>&s;erum.</HI> For on the con|trary, Paralyticks, in who&s;e Blood and Humours there are abundance of wild, exotick Particles of enormous Salts and Sulphurs, that are fixt, and unfit for exhalation, do find a great deal of harm from violent Sweating. Of which Affection we a&s;|&s;ign the&s;e two Cau&s;es, namely, That the Morbi|fick Particles through agitation being too much ex|alted, become more outragious. 2. That when abundance of them is driven into the Head and Nervous Kind, they often increa&s;e old Ob&s;tructi|ons, and not &s;eldom produce new ones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. If Pains about the Arms and Shoulders do accompany it, we order Sweating in Bed, to be rai&s;ed with heated Bricks, or Bottles full of hot Water, that the Matter &s;ticking among the Mu&s;cles may be dige&s;ted and re&s;olved; yet above all the&s;e things, Sweat mu&s;t rather be rai&s;ed by the ambient heat, than by the internal u&s;e of a Medicine or De|coction that melts or thins the Humours, which is proper only when in the Stove Sweat does run plen|tifully, all the Matter being put into fu&s;ion: Whereas otherwi&s;e, if the antecedent Humours be di&s;&s;olved in the Veins by a Decoction, and when they are di&s;&s;olved, be not di&s;charged, but tarry in the Body, they will increa&s;e Pain. Which, as Rea&s;on it &s;elf teaches us, &s;o I have found true by Experience, &s;o that I can never do enough, to ex|tirpate this abu&s;e. Therefore, when the Matter is but little, and therefore the Pain but &s;mall, when we intend not to move or put into fu&s;ion the ante|cedent Humours re&s;iding in the whole Body, we only give a Decoction of Groundpine, &s;o much commended by <HI>Matthiolus</HI> upon <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> in the&s;e ca&s;es. Whereto if you add a little <HI>China,</HI> it may not be ami&s;s; ab&s;taining neverthele&s;s from Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, and &s;uch melting things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> as al&s;o from Sanders, which hinder Sweat.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Head al&s;o &s;hould be dried with a Sudo|rifick Decoction, but that is very much &s;u&s;pected by me: for I am afraid, le&s;t the Humours of the whole Body and of the Head being melted, fly into the Head violently, and cau&s;e an Apoplexy. Where|fore I &s;hould more willingly u&s;e &s;ome Decoction, not very colliquating, but cheri&s;hing the innate heat, and di&s;&s;ipating the Matter impacted into the Nerves, as well as drying the Head, the Matter being rather derived to the Center by Urine, than to the Circumference by Sweat. The Decoction may be made of Ma&s;tiche Wood, Ro&s;emary, Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, and a little Sa&s;&s;afras in Pi|geon Broth, giving fir&s;t Turpentine with Salt of <HI>Iva Arthritica</HI> and <HI>Sal Theriacalis.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Loo&s;ning and alterative Cly&s;ters are very convenient, having a care of over emollient ones, whereby the Spine being more relaxed would be further hurt, &s;o that not without rea&s;on the Vulgar think Cly&s;ters in the Colick occa&s;ion the Pal&s;y:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platenus.</NOTE> Which neverthele&s;s rightly prepared, both do
<PB N="471" REF="207"> good, and if the Cau&s;e lye about the lower part of the Back, may &s;erve for Topical Remedies.</P>
<P N="12">XII. But indeed as generous Medicines, if they turn not to Alexitericks, often prove Poy|&s;ons. So going into the Bathes, has made the&s;e Paralyticks much wor&s;e, whom it did not cure; &s;o that when more parts, and tho&s;e that were af|fected before grew more Paralytick, the Lame leave their Crutches there for no other rea&s;on, but be|cau&s;e they cannot u&s;e them, when they are made more impotent. The rea&s;on hereof is, becau&s;e Bathing, by di&s;turbing the Blood and all the Hu|mours, does more exalt all the Morbifick and He|retogeneous Particles, and forces them, being en|raged, out of the Bowels into the Ma&s;s of Blood; whence, becau&s;e they do not ea&s;ily evaporate, entring the Brain and Nervous Kind, they increa&s;e the Pal&s;y, and often cau&s;e a Convul&s;ion. For this rea&s;on Bathing &s;ometimes fir&s;t actuates the Stone in the Kidney, and the Gout, and brings a Spitting of Blood, <HI>A&s;thma</HI> or Con&s;umption upon many, when there was no di&s;po&s;ition to it. Wherefore the Bathes &s;hould not be tried without the advice of a Phy&s;ician, and if when they are tried, they do not agree,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> they mu&s;t be quickly left.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Bituminous, Sulphureous Bathes cure a Pal&s;y &s;uceedaneous to the Colick. And they do good not only by drying the Humours, and &s;trengthning the Parts; but I rather think, that the adu&s;t, &s;alt, nitrous, and tartareous impuritie of the Humours and Vapours in Man, which &s;po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> the virtue of the Nerves, are quite di&s;&s;olved by the virtue of the Bathes, and being di&s;&s;olved, are by a peculiar and Mineral Analogy, which the qua|lities of the Bathes have with the divers Humours and Juices in Man, drawn to the ambit of the Body, and &s;o our Bodies are delivered from the Enemy that be&s;ets the Nervous Kind, not without corroboration. The Efflore&s;cence of the Skin in &s;uch as u&s;e the Bathes often, &s;ometimes coming with a trouble&s;ome Itch, &s;hews the truth of this. Which Efflore&s;cence indeed you can &s;carce explain otherwi&s;e than by the &s;olution of the Salts latent in the Body. Neither yet will I deny, that the great heat of the Bathes does now and then contri|bute &s;omething for Revul&s;ion of the Matter out|ward: for I remember one that was dangerou&s;ly ill of a fit of an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> having put his Feet into Strong Beer, very hot, upon a tran&s;lation of the Humour of A&s;thmatick became Arthritick on a &s;udden.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thiermair, Con&s;. 3. l. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. According to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> Medicines that evacuate in&s;en&s;ibly ought to be &s;trong and fat. Strong, that is, violently hot and very thin of &s;ub&s;tance, and the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e the Nerves and Spinal Marrow lie deep. They mu&s;t be fat, that by their means the &s;trong Medicines may &s;tick the longer, and that their virtue may not wa&s;te, and that they may prevent the breeding of a <HI>Scir|rhus.</HI> B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ides the greate&s;t Do&s;e of Medicines is approved; for the Morbifick Matter is cold, thick, vi&s;cid, impacted, and therefore of &s;o great acti|vity, that it will not yield to Medicines, unle&s;s they act violently, that is, unle&s;s they be given in the highe&s;t Do&s;e, &s;o that &s;ometimes even by rea&s;on of the height of the Do&s;e a Fever may be rai&s;ed; for according to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> Paralyticks are holpen by a Fever. Wherefore <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> gave one 2 drachms o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Confectio Anacardina,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac|cius.</NOTE> which is hot in the third d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gree. In our days we only give a few grains.</P>
<P N="15">XV. That &s;ome Paralyticks are cured by Sali|vation with <HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rcury</HI> is proved both by my own and other Mens Experience. Yet this &s;ort o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Remedy, I think, mu&s;t be u&s;ed only in an habitual Pal&s;y, that has its Procatartick Cau&s;e in the Blood and Brain&punc; moveable enough, and the Conjunct Cau&s;e in the Nervous <HI>Appendix,</HI> not very fixt. But when this Di&s;ea&s;e is cau&s;ed by &s;ome External and great hart, or follows a <HI>Carus,</HI> Apoplexy, or Convul&s;ions, Salivation is almo&s;t always tried in vain, and &s;ome|times not without great hurt. Whoever there<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ore have a weak or an over lax Brain, are &s;ubject to a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Stupidity, and Convul&s;ive Motions, let them not lightly u&s;e Mercurial Medicines: Yet &s;ome|times Salivation in an habitual Pal&s;y, and one that is not very fixt, doth much good, as by taking away the impurities of the Blood, it cuts off all Matter from the Di&s;ea&s;e. Al&s;o as &s;ome Mercurial Par|ticles, when, having pa&s;&s;ed the Brain, they come into the Nervous Ducts, do divide the Morbifick Matter impacted in them, and &s;evering the parts thereof one from another, they variou&s;ly di&s;per&s;e them, &s;ome one way &s;ome another. Whereas it is the fault of other Medicines oftentimes, that they can only make an effort upon the Ma&s;s that &s;tops the ways of the Spirits, and therefore if they do not &s;eparate it into parts, they drive it fa&s;ter into the ob&s;tructed places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. In the Pal&s;y I have u&s;ed inunction with Quick-Silver, whereby I cured a confirmed Para|lytick, one <HI>Julius</HI> a Shoemaker, who is yet alive. After an Apoplexy and an old Pox, he fell into a Pal&s;y of his Right Side. I u&s;ed the Oyntment of <HI>Mercury</HI> in this manner; Take of Quick-Silver 5 ounces, Hogs Lard 1 pound, Hens Grea&s;e, Ducks Grea&s;e each 2 ounces, <HI>Sagapenum, Opopa|nax,</HI> Ca&s;tor, <HI>A&s;&s;a faetida</HI> each 1 drachm, Mu|&s;tard, Pepper, Pellitory of <HI>Spain, Euphorbium</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ach 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Iva Arthritica</HI> half an ounce, Oyl of Turpentine 3 ounces. Mix them. Make a Liniment. I anointed the hurt part e&s;pe|cially with this Medicine, and others al&s;o, and Salivation &s;ucceeding, the Patient grew well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Whether is it proper to rai&s;e a Fever in the Pal&s;y? I an&s;wer in &s;hort, In Cacochymick Bo|dies, we may not u&s;e &s;uch hot Medicines, as to rai&s;e a Fever on purpo&s;e. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e &s;uch Medicines corrupt bad Humours, and will breed a Putrid Fever, which will be wor&s;e than the Pal&s;y. But if the Body have been already exactly purged, hot Medicines, if they do cau&s;e a Fever, rai&s;e an <HI>Ephemera;</HI> This is not dangerous, and yet it both heats the Nerves, and dige&s;ts the Matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. If the Pal&s;y have its original from Ex|ternal Humidity, and either a Nerve or Mu&s;cle be di&s;affected, it is not &s;o difficult to cure, &s;o it be not neglected, but cured in time, before it have contracted an ill habit: for then it is difficultly, and &s;ometimes cannot at all be removed or con|quered, that is, when the laxity has proceeded &s;o <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ar, that it cannot perfectly be re&s;tored. And it is no new thing for the Membranes now and then to be &s;o moi&s;tned and &s;oftned, that they cannot after|wards be reduced to their pri&s;tine firmne&s;s, and natural tention, but then they are either too much or not &s;tiff enough, either of which is a fault. I do not &s;ee any rea&s;on, why this may not happen in the Body, yea, that it mu&s;t happen, this Di&s;ea&s;e being often incurable, does argue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Infu&s;ions made in Wine e&s;pecially do good: for though Wine, e&s;pecially if it be &s;trong, be not at all convenient, yet joining the virtues of other things to it &s;elf, and carrying them, as a Vehicle, to the Nervous Kind, it will make an u&s;eful Medicine, taken in its place.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Piater<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. I cannot much approve of <HI>Confectio Ana|cardina,</HI> as it is now prepared by the Apothecaries, becau&s;e of the Myrobalanes, which being much a&s;tringent, cannot be mixt with very hot things; for they cau&s;e the Medicines to tarry long in the Body, and do harm. This is the rea&s;on, why this Confection cau&s;es a Fever. It is better therefore in&s;tead of Myrobalanes, to put in &s;ome Medicine of &s;ubtil parts, as Cinnamon and the like.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. I do a little &s;u&s;pect Sinapi&s;ms, Bli&s;ters, and Cauteries, becau&s;e they dige&s;t more violently than is convenient for a Di&s;ea&s;e of &s;ix years &s;tand|ing,
<PB N="472" REF="208"> in which time the Morbifick-Matter mu&s;t ne|ce&s;&s;arily be impacted:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvaticus, cent. 1. con&s;. 82.</NOTE> Unle&s;s there c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">me a new Fluxion; for in this ca&s;e they will do much good for Evacuation of the Matter.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. We mu&s;t proceed to a &s;ingular and ex|cellent Remedy, The Body mu&s;t be exa&s;perated and its Sen&s;ifick Faculty, if I may &s;o &s;ay, awakened, e&s;pecially when the Body is well purged, and o|ther things done; And it is to apply Stinging Nettles, or to whip all the Body with Nettles; which is not our invention, but is laid down by <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 27. And I atte&s;t I have u&s;ed this &s;ort of Remedy in &s;everal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinandus, Hi&s;t. 46.</NOTE> and always with great felicity: for I was &s;carce ever deceived when the Body was well purged.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Although <HI>Galen</HI> and other Phy&s;icians write, That Remedies mu&s;t not be applied to the hurt Parts, but where the Nerves ari&s;e; yet I think this mu&s;t be under&s;tood thus, That Remedies &s;hould be applied e&s;pecially where the Origination of the Nerves is. But the &s;ame Men do not de|ny, but that it does &s;ome good to apply Medi|cines to the hurt Limbs: And e&s;pecially when peccant Humours have di&s;per&s;ed them&s;elves far and near, and are got into the hollow of the Nerves, and mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved. And Phy&s;icians, after Evacuations u&s;e to apply Remedies to the Re|laxed parts: for in the Apoplexy, which is called an univer&s;al Pal&s;y,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scholtzius, con&s;. 50.</NOTE> the whole Body is u&s;ually anointed with Odoriferous Oyl.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. This mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, That we do not apply a Medicine to the Paralytick part, as &s;ome do <HI>Dropaces,</HI> who by this means think they can re|call the heat and &s;en&s;e of the Part, if they burn the Part with hot Medicines, which do no good, but may cau&s;e a Gangreen in the Part. Medicines mu&s;t be applied to the Original of the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> not to the part affected it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. A certain Young Man tarrying a long time for his Sweet-heart in a Wine-Cellar, was taken with a Moi&s;tne&s;s and Pal&s;y in his Limbs: And when the Phy&s;icians were puzzled about ap|plying Remedies to him, one carried the Young Man to an Oven, and making a Bed for him, he heated &s;ome Nut-Tree-Leaves in the Oven, when they were hot he wrapt them in Linnen Clothes, and laid the Young Man in them, and covered him well up, and pre&s;ently Sweat bur&s;t out in abun|dance. While he Sweat, he was refre&s;hed with a little Chicken Broth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> and he was well.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Oyls, Liniments, Unguents, Plai&s;ters &s;erve to correct and con&s;ume the Pituitous Humour, and indeed in them only who&s;e Skin can bear fat things. For it happens to &s;everal, that upon the application or illinition of any fat things, pre&s;ent|ly Pu&s;tles ari&s;e, and an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> takes the whole Body, and &s;ometimes Mortification and Gangreen of the part does follow, which will be proper for the Phy&s;ician and Patient to ob&s;erve. When there|fore the Patient can bear fat things, they mu&s;t be u&s;ed in a various form, and e&s;pecially the Oyl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, becau&s;e they penetrate more ea&s;ily and deep. But where fat things are hurtful, Roots, Herbs, Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> proper for the Pal&s;y, may be infu&s;ed in recti|fied Spirit of Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius.</NOTE> and the Parts affected may be anointed with it.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. As there are manifold forms and divers cau&s;es of the Pal&s;y, &s;o the Cure of i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> mu&s;t not al|ways be in&s;i&s;ted on in the &s;ame manner, but by a various method, appropriate to each &s;ort. There are u&s;ually the&s;e three kinds, or three methods of Cure, as the Pal&s;y is cau&s;ed &s;uddenly. Either, fir&s;t, From a blow or fall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Secondly, It follows &s;ome other Di&s;ea&s;e, that is, an Apoplexy, <HI>Carus, &amp;c.</HI> Or, Thirdly, As a Di&s;ea&s;e primary and <HI>per &s;e,</HI> and depending upon a <HI>Procatarxis,</HI> or &s;ome pre|vious <HI>Apparatus,</HI> it is cau&s;ed by degrees. When it comes the fir&s;t way, the only intention of Cure is, that the hurt part may recover its pri&s;tine &s;trength; and fir&s;t, Le&s;t the Blood and other Hu|mours flowing to it, as to the affected and weake&s;t part, &s;hould increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, Blood mu&s;t pre|&s;ently be let, a moderate Sweat mu&s;t be given, to the end, that all &s;uperfluities, being got out of the part affected, may exhale in abundance, and that the Spirits gently agitated may begin again their old rounds, within the pores and pa&s;&s;ages of the part being unlocked by the hot <HI>effluvia.</HI> To this end <HI>Pulvis ad ca&s;um Augu&s;t. Decoctum trauma|ticum,</HI> or a Decoction of Madder Root, or Butter|burr, or Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort may be given frequently. Moreover, in the mean time the place affected mu&s;t be diligently enquired. Secondly, When a Pal&s;y comes upon a Fever, Apoplexy, Colick, and other Di&s;ea&s;es, it is a great one, and comes &s;uddenly. Fir&s;t of all we mu&s;t u&s;e our skill in Phy&s;ick to remove its Conjunct Cau&s;e, which u&s;ually has its &s;eat in the <HI>Medulla oblongata,</HI> or <HI>Spinalis.</HI> Thirdly, An habitual Pal&s;y depends on the <HI>Procatarxis,</HI> either <HI>in fieri</HI> or di&s;po&s;ition, or <HI>in facto</HI> or habit, each of them requires a peculiar method of Cure. The intentions of Cure in the former will be. 1. That when the works of mak|ing Chyle and Blood are rightly performed, Mat|ter both laudable and plentiful enough for the breeding of Animal Spirits may be &s;upplied to the Head. 2. That the Brain, being &s;till firm, the Heterogeneous Particles being excluded, may ad|mit proper ones, and rightly exalt them into Ani|mal Spirits. But if a Pal&s;y ari&s;e after a previous di&s;po&s;ition in the whole, or in one &s;ide, or in cer|tain parts, a large and complicated method is al|ways requi&s;ite, and often not &s;ufficient, for the Cure of it: for not only the Di&s;ea&s;e, or its Con|junct Cau&s;e, or the Procatartick, mu&s;t be oppo&s;ed &s;everally; but all of them mu&s;t be oppo&s;ed at once. Cephalick and Anti&s;corbutick Medicines u&s;e to do mo&s;t good again&s;t the Procatarctick Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. But all &s;uch are not proper for all Men; but, as we have ob&s;erved in the Scurvy, according to the various Con&s;titutions of Patients, &s;o the Medicines mu&s;t be of a different kind and virtue. For Medicines that are hot and endued with very active Particles are not proper for Bili|ous Paralyticks, in who&s;e &s;harp and hot Blood there are much Salt and Sulphur, and but little <HI>Serum,</HI> yea, they often do harm; which yet are very good for Phlegmatick Per&s;ons, who&s;e Blood is cold, contains much <HI>Serum,</HI> and few active Elements. Wherefore according to the twofold &s;tate of Pa|tients, it will be proper to proceed in two me|thods; one whereof mu&s;t be for cold Paralyticks, another for hot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Paulus, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 43. writes, That in his time there was a Colick, which ended either in a Convul&s;ion or a Pal&s;y; and that it could no way be cured but by a certain ra&s;h Phy&s;ician, who cured it with cold Herbs, drinking of cold Water, and incra&s;&s;ating Meats; whence one may gather, that the Humour was hot and bilious. I al&s;o a few years &s;ince &s;aw an illu&s;trious Bi&s;hop, who after a Colick fell into a Pal&s;y in his Arms, and u&s;ed hot Medicines a long time to no purpo&s;e; at length, when for a long time he had u&s;ed cold Herbs, (not to cure him&s;elf, but on account of Religion) and cold Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> he was cured of his Pal&s;y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> &para; See|ing it comes &s;ometimes from bilious and hot Hu|mours in ab&s;ce&s;&s;es after acute Di&s;ea&s;es; and &s;ome|times from abundance of Blood falling upon the Veins at the Spine, it mu&s;t not be cured by hot Medicines. For in the fir&s;t ca&s;e emollient and temperate things mu&s;t be u&s;ed, &s;uch as Fat and Marrow: but in the &s;econd ca&s;e only Blood-letting is u&s;ually the Remedy: for a Pal&s;y from Blood is not a true Pal&s;y; but is cured by accident, in as much as the Veins being full do compre&s;s the Nerves.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29"><PB N="473" REF="208">XXIX. I have &s;een &s;everal Melancholick Per|&s;ons cured by the u&s;e of Chalybeate Medicines, who being deprived of the motion of their Lim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, have been reckoned Paralytick. Among the&s;e was a Noble Maid, who belonged to the Queen of <HI>Bo|hemia,</HI> who being deprived of the u&s;e of her Limbs by the violence of the Melancholick Juice, and committed to my Care, by GOD's Ble&s;&s;ing left me Chearful and in her perfect Health, all that had her in hand before admiring the &s;ucce&s;s, in who&s;e Judgment &s;he had a Pal&s;y, and they went a quite contrary way to work to that which I went,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de Mayerne.</NOTE> by means whereof I cured her. &para; So in the year 1668. one of <HI>Newemberg,</HI> by name <HI>Convers</HI> took my Ad|vice, when I lived at <HI>Geneva,</HI> for a numbne&s;s in al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> his Limbs. The Phy&s;ician, which he had made u&s;e of, contended with the Pituitous Humour, be|ing intent on &s;trengthning and drying the Brain, which was too dry already. Becau&s;e there were re|markable &s;igns of an Hypochondriack Affection in him, I bid him be of good chear, and lay a&s;ide all vain fear of a Pal&s;y. So laying a&s;ide his pre&s;crib|ed Medicines, a Decoction of <HI>Guajacum</HI> and &s;uch things, whereby a great drine&s;s was brought upon him, and in&s;tead thereof giving Chalybeate Wa|ters, and opening things, in a &s;hort time he per|fectly recovered.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. It is known, that Convul&s;ions ari&s;e from Malignant Vapours coming from Worms; but I do not remember, that I ever read of a Pal&s;y ari|&s;ing from thence. A Noble Maid was twice taken with a Pal&s;y of her left Side, being as it were tur|gid with Blood, but ea&s;ily di&s;per&s;ed, a Vein was opened on the contrary Side, Revellents and other things were u&s;ed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth.</NOTE> but the latter time, after &s;he had taken &s;ome Pills, &s;he voided a great number of Worms, and after that has lived well till this day.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Being taught by Experience, we judge, when the Colick Pain ends in a Pal&s;y, that the Matter gets out of the Guts into the Limbs, and habit of the Mu&s;cles, by means of the Veins: Wherefore the Nerves and Tendons, which are in|&s;erted into the Mu&s;cles, both becau&s;e of their fulne&s;s do not admit the Animal Spirit; and e&s;pe|cially becau&s;e of their &s;oftne&s;s, are di&s;tended, and cannot contract the Limbs, whereinto they are in&s;erted. This Pal&s;y therefore differs from that, which accompanies an Apoplexy or <HI>Paraplegia,</HI> in its Original and Cau&s;es: For in that, which comes after the Colick, all the mi&s;chief ari&s;es from the Inte&s;tines, and by violence is carried to the out parts, and &s;ei&s;es the Mu&s;cles, Tendons, and the out parts; oftentimes the Principle of the Nerves being unhurt, which in the other is affected toge|ther with the Head and Spinal Marrow. Hence it is obvious that they are much mi&s;taken, who endea|vour to cure this &s;ort of Pal&s;y, improperly &s;o called, in the &s;ame manner as they do the true Pal&s;y properly &s;o called: Becau&s;e in this later the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be &s;ought for about the begin|ning of the Nerves; which yet in the other way keep its natural Con&s;titution. Therefore &s;uch a Pal&s;y cannot be cured by curing the Brain, or the Spinal Marrow, but rather we mu&s;t take care, that the Antecedent Cau&s;e, which is &s;till in Fluxion, may be &s;topt: and that which is next the part, and in the original of that imbecillity, may be corrected and con&s;umed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> as much as may be.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. We mu&s;t help Extenuation of the Limbs, beginning with gentle things, and foment|ing the Arms and other parts, with parts of Ani|mals newly killed, while they are hot: If that do not &s;ucceed, we mu&s;t go to bathing in Sulphureous Bathes: But if that do not &s;ucceed, we mu&s;t pro|ceed to Pication, but with great caution, taking great care that an Inflammation do not follow; for if the &s;welling or redne&s;s go off quickly, it is well; but if they continue long, it is a &s;ign of the fluxion of the Humour to the part, e&s;pecially if the Veins &s;well, which as &s;oon as it appears, we mu&s;t de&s;i&s;t immediately: For this Remedy requires great care and skill in the Phy&s;ician; yet according to <HI>Galen,</HI> this is the only Remedy above all others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. I have found, that the continu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d u&s;e of Nervous Infu&s;io<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s is excellent in the Pal&s;y: And they do the work, becau&s;e they act &s;lowly and &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ively, and by &s;earching deep they &s;lowly open and put in motion, that which has been &s;low in gathering.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. If it come from the Head, this is an excellent Errhine; Take the &s;mall Roots of Betes; Bru&s;&s;e them, till they become &s;tringy; then put the&s;e Strings into the Juice of the &s;aid Herb, into which a little Pepper, Ma&s;terwort, Ca&s;tor, and <HI>Elaterium</HI> has been put, take one or two of the&s;e Strings, and put it up the No&s;tril, like a Tent; This brings away abundance of Excrements.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. All things being premi&s;ed that &s;hould, St. <HI>Ambro&s;e</HI> his Syrup is very good to cau&s;e Sweat, with which I have cured &s;everal. It is made thus; Take of Millet excorticated what is &s;ufficient, boil it in Water, till it &s;well and bur&s;t: To 7 or 8 ounces of this Water add 3 or 4 ounces of Greek Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> Let the Patient drink this Potion in Bed in the Morning, and let him Sweat; and let him repeat this ten or more days, if need require. &para; Bathes wherein proper Herbs, e&s;pecially Foxes, have been boiled, are very good. In a Pal&s;y after the Colick, for the intemperature of the Bowels, except there be an Inflammation, I have u&s;ed with great &s;ucce&s;s the di&s;tilled Oyl of <HI>Galbanum,</HI> Bar|berries and Gum <HI>Elemi</HI> applied to the Navil. Fried Oats applied in a Bag is good in the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="3">3. Univer&s;als premi&s;ed, Let the Paralitick Limbs be anointed with Oyl of Cats, which is made thus; Take a fat Cat, fley her, and take out the Entrals, and cut off her Head; &s;teep her for a night in <HI>Aqua vitae:</HI> In the morning &s;tuff her with Leaves of Bayes, Sage, Rue, Lavender, Ro&s;emary. Lard her, and &s;tick Cloves into her: Ro&s;t her with a gentle Fire, keep the Drippings. I have anointed the Paralytick Limbs with it, and then carefully wrapt them in Foxes or Cats Skins. &para; Ca&s;tor mu&s;t not be omitted either inwardly or outwardly: for it has a wonderful property in all Pal&s;ies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. <HI>Kyperus</HI> highly commends Sage Wine, if a draught of it be taken Morning, Noon, and be|tween Noon and Supper, for ordinary Drink. &para; Spirit of Sar&s;afras excells other things. &para; Oyl of Ani&s;eeds anointed on a Paralytick Tongue, re|&s;tores Speech. &para; Paralytick Limbs mu&s;t be long rub|bed with e&s;&s;ence of green Tabacco Leaves a good while, made only by infu&s;ion in Malm&s;ey Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> a Sweat being fir&s;t given.</P>
<P N="5">5. Di&s;tilled Oyl of Juniper mo&s;t happily cures a Pal&s;y from great Wounds of the Head, if the Neck, and <HI>Spina Dor&s;i,</HI> and the Paralytick part be anointed with it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joel.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. The fat of a Fox either ro&s;ted or boiled, fir&s;t &s;tuffed with Betony, Sage, Marigold, <HI>Iva Ar|thritica,</HI> Primro&s;e, and Ro&s;emary, either alone, or mixt with Unguents, is of great moment.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P>[<HI>See Medicines for an Apoplexy, mo&s;t of which are good for a Pal&s;y, Book</HI> I.]</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="474" REF="209">
<HEAD><HI>Paronychia,</HI> or a Whitlow.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Compendious and &s;afe method of Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care of the Malignity. <HI>II.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. HOw painful, and long in curing, a Whit|low is, no Man is ignorant; yet if the part affected be cut in the beginning, the pain cea&s;es, and the Patients are quickly cured. I was called to a Matron, who for three days and nights could not &s;leep becau&s;e of a Whitlow, which vio|lently pained her; having cut away the Skin, I found a Speck under it in the tip of her Finger thus big, O, in which &s;carce one drop of <HI>Ichor</HI> was contained when the Speck was cut, and a Cotton applied, dipt in <HI>Aquavitae</HI> wherein Treacle was di&s;&s;olved; and a Linnen Cloth doubled and dipt in Water and Vinegar was applied to her Hand and Wre&s;t, the pain immediately cea&s;ed, &s;o that the next day her Finger was well. I have u&s;ed this Cure in &s;everal others; and always under the Skin, near the Nail, I found &s;omething of <HI>Ichor.</HI> But this Inci&s;ion mu&s;t be made at the beginning, otherwi&s;e by the violence of the pain the Humours quickly run thither, which cau&s;e inflammation and &s;welling, which an ero&s;ion of the Fle&s;h and Bones does follow: for the Skin there is very thick, hin|dring the tran&s;piration of the Malignant Matter. Therefore before inci&s;ion I order them to hold their Finger in Cow's Milk, wherein Flowers of Chamaemil, Melilot, Seeds of Faenugreek, Line and Quinces have been boiled. And there is no danger in Inci&s;ion, nor Pain, not offending the Nerves or Tendons, becau&s;e it is &s;uperficiary. But the other way, commonly u&s;ed by Practitioners, namely, Inci&s;ion, which is made from the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> to the center, and towards the Bone, is very dange|rous, for it hurts the Nerves and Tendons, whence comes pain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> It is &s;ufficient for me to cut the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the Skin by little and little,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, cent. 1. ob&s;. 97.</NOTE> and then to &s;crape off the Skin, till the Speck appear.</P>
<P N="2">II. Phy&s;icians that are beginning to practi&s;e mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that in the Cure regard mu&s;t always be had to Malignity. I have ob&s;erved, that a Whit|low very rarely or never has its ri&s;e from an Internal Cau&s;e, unle&s;s &s;ome ill conditioned Di&s;ea&s;es, as Ma ignant and Spotted Fevers, long Tertians, not ending, as they &s;hould do, in a <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> or the Small Pox or Mea&s;les have gone before, e&s;pecially when &s;ome error is committed either by the Patient or tho&s;e about him in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es. Of which this may &s;erve for an In&s;tance. In the year 1658. a Son of mine, Fourteen years old, was &s;ei&s;ed with a Fever, like a Tertian Ague, which when after the third fit it ended in a <HI>cri&s;is</HI> by plentiful Sweat, he begged of his Nur&s;e, that &s;he would give over wiping the Sweat, who was afterward free from his Ague &s;it, and went about his bu&s;ine&s;s; but &s;carce fourteen days were over, when all on a &s;udden he complained of a &s;wimming and pain in his Head, then he was neither able to &s;it nor &s;tand, &s;o that his prevailing &s;ymptomes ca&s;t him from his Stool to the Ground: He could not lift up an Arm, nor rear his Languid Body; and all his Sen&s;es being entire, a Cynick Spa&s;m came upon him, and he was drawn variou&s;ly now and then, yet his Limbs were flaccid, as if he had been Paralytick, he was &s;peechle&s;s al&s;o at times, and made &s;igns: And be|ing asked what he ailed? He an&s;wered, He ailed <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">othing, only he was tired and feeble. I pre&s;cribe him Cly&s;ters, purge him gently, bleed him in the Arm, becau&s;e he was Plethorick, and under the Tongue I give him Sudorificks and Alexi|pharmacks, becau&s;e of the Fever, gentle indeed as to the touch, but malignant in effect, which not ha&s;tning &s;o much as creeping to a <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> behold, the Thumb and Ring-Finger of his Right Hand had Whitlows both at once; that of the Thumb va|ni&s;hed of it &s;elf, but that of the Ring-Finger re|quired a Surgeon's help, and my Son re<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">overed his Health. The cau&s;e of which Symptomes was the &s;topping of the Sweat which Nature endeavoured to ca&s;t off, whereby the Humours being afterwards corrupted, frothing up in the Fingers ends, (by the intervention of the Veins and Arteries, by be|nefit whereof the Circulation of the Blood is per|formed in the&s;e parts) gave occa&s;ion to the Whit|lows, which, if I may &s;o &s;ay, were prepo&s;terous <HI>cri&s;es,</HI> which, when Surgeons do not handle as they &s;hould, expecting perfect maturation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Paul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> they render their Patients murcous, or lame of their Fingers ends, becau&s;e the Bones do &s;phacelate.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have tried this certain Experiment &s;everal times; Take live Earth Worms, bind the Whit|low in the beginning, then check and heal it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE> &s;o that it la&s;ts not above a day.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Blood of a Mole &s;meared over the Fin|ger, and the Skin tied over it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mont.</NOTE> cured a Whitlow in one night.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Crum of White Bread boiled in Milk, with the White of an Egg,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> and a little Turpentine &s;tops the pain, e&s;pecially if &s;ome Mucilage of <HI>P&s;yl|lium</HI> be added.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> &para; Goo&s;e Dung is much valued by Surgeons as it is warm made by the Goo&s;e, and ap|plied, which is requi&s;ite in this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">4. Worms found in the Teazle are good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> if they be taken and bound on alive.</P>
<P N="5">5. Root of White Nettle, applied with Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Strokkerus.</NOTE> I have often tried to be very good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Parotides,</HI> or &s;wellings behind the Ears.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When Blood mu&s;t be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care to u&s;e Attrahents. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Tumour mu&s;t be opened? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Ab&s;ce&s;s is opened, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Evacuaters. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e that follow a grievous Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be cured by burning. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quick-Silver may &s;afely be put in Catapla&s;ms. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They &s;trike in after Blood-letting. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they mu&s;t be opened with a Knife, or with a Cautery? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHile we attend Suppuration, if per|chance it &s;hould happen, that by the efflux of Humours either to day in the evening, or to morrow morning, the &s;welling &s;hould grow to &s;uch a bigne&s;s, that the Swallowing, and perhaps al&s;o the Breath might be &s;topt, then without doubt we might proceed to take away Blood by opening a Vein, as <HI>Galen,</HI> 3 <HI>per loca,</HI> teaches us. Moreover, when the <HI>Parotides</HI> are cau&s;ed by Blood, <HI>Trallianus, l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 6. advi&s;es the opening of a Vein immedi|ately, to prevent Suffocation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, cen&s;. 91. cent. 1.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Although <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> and <HI>Aetius</HI> advi&s;e, That not Repellents, but rather Attrahents &s;hould be u&s;ed; yet if the Humour come with violence, the &s;ame <HI>Aetius</HI> advi&s;es, that nothing be done with Curio&s;ity; yea, <HI>Trallianus</HI> ob&s;erves, that if it be cau&s;ed by Blood, Attrahents may very ea&s;ily cau&s;e Suffocation, which was taken from <HI>Galen,</HI> 10 <HI>Simpl.
<PB N="475" REF="209"> Not Repellents,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>but rather Attrahents, or at lea&s;t Laxatives, or the whole affair mu&s;t be com|mitted to Nature acting aright.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Although <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> 6. <HI>de re med.</HI> 6. advi&s;e the opening of a <HI>Parotis</HI> pre&s;ently; yet this ought never to be done in the beginning, nor unle&s;s there be &s;ome &s;uppuration of the Matter: Nor yet mu&s;t we expect <HI>Pus</HI> in the <HI>Superficies,</HI> as &s;ome unex|perienced Per&s;ons think, for before it ri&s;es, it &s;inks and diffu&s;es it &s;elf into various and difficult <HI>Sinus</HI>'s. Be&s;ides, if it be long before the Ab&s;ce&s;s be opened, the Antecedent Matter &s;ticks in the head, when the Conjunct will not make way for it, for that without hinders that within.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. When the Ab&s;ce&s;s is opened, we mu&s;t ab|&s;tain altogether from evacuating and diverting Me|dicines, and mu&s;t u&s;e only Cly&s;ters. As al&s;o we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t on Attenuants, to wit, &s;tore of <HI>Jule|pium Aceto&s;um,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> with re&s;pect to the febrile heat.</P>
<P N="5">V. In <HI>Parotides,</HI> that come after other great Di|&s;ea&s;es, I u&s;e burning in the very tumor, pre&s;ently, without expecting any &s;uppuration. For we can no way better prevent the falling back of the &s;welling, than if the Matter be purged out by the Ulcer, which is inflicted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. One would &s;carce believe, did not Expe|rience te&s;tifie it, what virtue there is in Quick-Silver (which &s;ome reckon cold and moi&s;t) to di&s;|&s;olve and di&s;cu&s;s &s;wellings of the Ears, or any other Swellings. Therefore it may &s;afely be mixt in Catapla&s;ms; for it will not repel the Humour, that is the cau&s;e of the <HI>Parotis</HI> inwards,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ench. Med. Pract.</NOTE> but will di&s;cu&s;s it by in&s;en&s;ible Tran&s;piration.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A young Man, otherwi&s;e of a good Con|&s;titution, being ill of the <HI>Parotides</HI> behind his Jaws, was taken ill with a Fever: Upon which he grew wor&s;e, becau&s;e perhaps they began to ripen, and, the Phy&s;icians taking little notice of it, he was let Blood in the Arm, after which the Swellings im|mediately went in, difficulty of breathing followed, his Fever increa&s;ed much; on the &s;ixth day <HI>Exan|themata</HI> came out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rumlerus, ob&s;. 56.</NOTE> with great weakne&s;s, and within a little while after the Patient died.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Ab&s;ce&s;s may be opened with a Knife, if the Patient be young, his innate Heat brisk, and if the Tumor be rather Phlegmonous or mixt with Bile, than Oedematous or mixt with Phlegm. Nor is the Knife always &s;o &s;afe, that is, when a Man is old, the Native heat weak, and the Febrile &s;trong, and the Humour, the cau&s;e of the Swelling, en|clining to cold; for then a Wound may cau&s;e a Gan|grene, for which rea&s;on we u&s;e a Cautery in &s;tead of a Knife.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take of old Hogs Lard not &s;alted 3 ounces, Butter 1 ounce, Wax 2 ounces, burnt Oy&s;ter Shells powdered 2 ounces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fontanus.</NOTE> Make a Plai&s;ter. It is mo&s;t effectual to di&s;cu&s;s the <HI>Parotides.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. This is an admirable Unguent to a&s;&s;wage and di&s;&s;olve; Take of Oyl of Henbane expre&s;&s;ed 1 drachm, Oyl of Chamaemil di&s;tilled half a drachm, of Saffron di&s;tilled 5 grains.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hertod.</NOTE> Mix them.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Partus,</HI> or Womens Labour.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding in the Foot help a hard Labour? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where a Child may be cut out of the Mothers Belly? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong Emeticks help. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Childs Head pitches above the <HI>Os Pubis,</HI> how it may be reduced? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Woman mu&s;t be refre&s;hed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Violent forcing Potions are dangerous. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If a Woman go with a live and a dead Child, which mu&s;t be delivered fir&s;t, if they both make way alike? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quick-Silver given with &s;ucce&s;s. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Labour may be made ea&s;ie, when the Bones will &s;carce part? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t help Swooning? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Eagle-Stone tied to the Thigh mu&s;t pre&s;ently be re|moved after delivery. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some mu&s;t be left to Nature. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What way things that promote the Birth, do act? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Facilitaters of the Birth, properly &s;o called, mu&s;t not be given, till the Child is ready to be born. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Reduction of a vitious po&s;ture not always po&s;&s;ible. <HI>XV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>HIppocrates,</HI> 1. <HI>de Morbis Mulierum,</HI> pre|&s;cribes a Remedy for hard Labour al|mo&s;t omitted by all; it is Bleeding in the Foot. <HI>But if,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>a Pregnant Woman be kept a long time, and cannot bring forth, but is in Pains of Tra|vel for &s;everal days: If &s;he be young, and in her full &s;trength, and abound with Blood, a Vein mu&s;t be opened in the Foot, and Blood taken away, re|&s;pect being had to the &s;trength.</HI> Although this be ne|ver put in practice by Practitioners, but is rather dreaded, becau&s;e &s;trength is ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary in Travel, which is much weakned by Blood-let|ting; Yet if difficulty of bringing forth ari&s;e from a <HI>Plethora,</HI> which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;eems to intimate, when he &s;ays, <HI>if the Woman be young, and in her full &s;trength, and abound with Blood,</HI> no doubt but it may do much good, &s;eeing the Veins, when they are full of Blood u&s;e to make all the inner pa&s;&s;ages much narrower, therefore in the Nephritick Pain the like Bleeding often does wonders,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and facili|tates the exclu&s;ion of Stones contained both in the Kidneys and Ureters. &para; In tho&s;e that have hard Labour, I have let Blood, with great benefit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> &para; It were better in the &s;ixth or &s;eventh Month to extenuate and le&s;&s;en the <HI>Foetus</HI> by a &s;pare Diet and Bleeding, e&s;pecially if the Woman be with Child of a Girl: for Girls when they are born, are al|ways fatter than Boys.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Many things are commonly di&s;puted about a Cae&s;arean Birth. <HI>Bauhinus</HI> his Opinion to me &s;eems probable, who in his Preface to <HI>Fr. Rou&s;&s;etus</HI> his Book, proves by Rea&s;ons, That by no Art the Child can be cut alive out of the dead Mother: And though an Example be brought, (&s;uch as <HI>Cra|to, l.</HI> 5. <HI>f.</HI> 371. mentions out of <HI>J. C. Arantius</HI>) he thinks the Mother was wronged, before &s;he was dead, or it happened by chance; that is, the Sur|geon by chance hit on that very la&s;t point of time, when the Soul was ju&s;t going out of the Body. <HI>Sennertus</HI> &s;eems not to be of this Opinion, and he &s;ays the Child has a Soul, which makes its Body to &s;urvive the dead Mother: And though he &s;eems there to have given an <HI>Epitome</HI> of <HI>Rou&s;&s;etus,</HI> yet he contradicts not <HI>Bauhinus</HI> his Rea&s;ons, nor ac|cording to his cu&s;tom examines them. <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> al&s;o in <HI>Fab. Hildanus,</HI> &s;ays the Child in the Womb lives not by its own Li<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e, but its Life depends upon the Mother, which the Anatomy of an Infant does de|mon&s;trate, and he gives a further demon&s;tration. <HI>Laurentius, fol.</HI> 324. <HI>Anat.</HI> demon&s;trates the &s;ame, where he had proved before, That a Child in the Womb neither breaths, nor breeds Vital Spirit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferus, Herc. Med. l. 7. c. 4.</NOTE> nor do the Heart and Arteries beat of them&s;elves, and therefore all parts belonging to the&s;e things, as al&s;o all that belong to the fir&s;t and &s;econd Con|coction, are idle in the Child and u&s;ele&s;s; but all the&s;e things are communicated by the Mother. &para; We mu&s;t know, there are three ca&s;es, in which we may think of this Chirurgery. 1. When the Child is dead and the Mother alive. 2. When
<PB N="476" REF="210"> the Mother is dead and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">: Child alive. 3. When they are both alive. In the fir&s;t ca&s;e it is not ne|ce&s;&s;ary to expo&s;e a Woman, who cannot ea&s;ily be delivered, to manife&s;t danger. Becau&s;e, if it cannot be got out by Surgery, Nature has found other ways, by the <HI>Anus,</HI> Navil, Groin, as Hi|&s;tories do te&s;tifie. The &s;econd ca&s;e frequently happens, That the <HI>Embryo</HI> is condemned to dark|ne&s;s, before it &s;ee the light, and the hope of a li|ving Soul dies with the Big-bellied Woman, as the Emperor, <HI>l.</HI> 10. <HI>Dige&s;t. tit.</HI> 8. &s;peaks. By who&s;e fault? Whether the Magi&s;trates, as without who&s;e con&s;ent that Operation cannot be performed? Or the Surgeons, who are afraid of <HI>Ve&s;alius</HI> his for|tune, who, when he was cutting open the Brea&s;t of one, whom he thought had been dead, found the Heart then beating? For it is nece&s;&s;ary, that the Section be made almo&s;t in the very point, when the Mother expires, or while the Infant does &s;till &s;tir and leap. Nor does it any good to keep the Mothers Mouth open with a Key; for it is a vul|gar error, to think that the Child lives by the Re|&s;piration of the Mother. The third ca&s;e is when a live Child is cut out of the Mother alive: This is truely a Cae&s;arean Birth, but how dangerous this Operation is, any one may ea&s;ily &s;ee. And though it mu&s;t be acknowledged, there may happen a ne|ce&s;&s;ity of making &s;uch a Section, yet &s;o many, and &s;uch Circum&s;tances mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that in the <HI>interim,</HI> in this hazardous ca&s;e, no Man dares put his Hand to this Operation, for fear of the di&s;|grace. For it is a thing worth the ob&s;ervation, that after <HI>Rou&s;&s;etus</HI> there was never found an Eye|witne&s;s, they were all Ear-witne&s;&s;es, only except <HI>Doringius,</HI> who in an Epi&s;tle to <HI>Hildanus</HI> affirms, that in his pre&s;ence the Womb, which was &s;lipt into the Groin, was cut open, and a lively Infant was taken out, but that three days after cutting the Mother died: Which thing the Excellent <HI>Rolfinc|cius, p.</HI> 182. <HI>Di&s;&s;ert. Anat.</HI> writes, happened to him&s;elf, who therefore di&s;&s;uades this Operation in a living Woman. But I &s;hould earne&s;tly per&s;uade the cutting out of the Child, if it could be known by &s;igns, that the Infant had broke its Cell, and got into the Cavity of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horne.</NOTE> as Hi&s;tories do prove.</P>
<P><HI>Rou&s;&s;etus</HI> may boa&s;t, as he plea&s;es, of a Cae&s;a|rean Birth, and may proclaim it &s;ecure from dan|ger. I once attempted it, but was &s;o terrified with the unhappy event,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinecius, Di&s;&s;. Anat. l. 1. c. 13.</NOTE> (for the Woman died within four days, taken with Epileptick Convul&s;ions, when the Wound that was made, did promi&s;e well) that, while I live, I &s;hall never advi&s;e this Opera|tion, for fear that they who are decreed to die, &s;hould be reported to have died by the Phy&s;icians hand. But when I went about the work with Hooks and Pliers, neatly made, I never went away with|out accompli&s;hing my de&s;ire, to the admiration of the By-&s;tanders.</P>
<P N="3">III. In difficulty of Travel <HI>Angelus Sala</HI> gives <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> (a very &s;trong Vomit) to Big-bellied Women; and I have imitated him in the like ca&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> always with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Among Cau&s;es of a hard Labour, this is omitted by all Writers, that I have read, to wit, When the Childs Head, ju&s;t as the Mother is rea|dy to be delivered, pitches forward above the <HI>Os Pubis.</HI> This is a thing truly not unde&s;erving the notice; for how much &s;tronger the throws of Tra|vel are, and the more &s;he labours, &s;o much le&s;s able will &s;he be to bring out the Child, unle&s;s the Childs Head be put upwards towards the Mothers Back,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">arbette.</NOTE> and then be directed downwards be&s;ides the Bone by the Midwifes hand.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Riverius</HI> his Judgment was, That a Cae&s;arean Section mu&s;t never be practi&s;ed, while the Mother is alive; becau&s;e while &s;he is alive, her delivery is never de&s;paired of. He proves it by the in&s;tance of a Woman at <HI>Mompelier,</HI> who had hard Labour, and when &s;he was dead, the Child was found dead, but yet delivered; whence it is evident, that the Child may be born at the very la&s;t throws, when the Mother dies away, becau&s;e of her pains, which &s;he has undergone. Wherefore no wonder, if <HI>Hildanus</HI> procured &s;leep and &s;trength to a Woman in Travel, who was ju&s;t ready to beat her la&s;t, by giving her 1 drachm of <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> in 2 ounces of Syrup of Red Poppy, and Water-Lily, and Borage Water; and mo&s;t happily relieved her. He &s;aid al&s;o, That a great Wound in the Skin cannot be cured without Sewing, nor in the Womb, which is moi&s;ter than the Skin, and it has no proper Sub&s;trate Matter to breed a <HI>Callus.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. In a Woman that died after her delivery, the Womb was found torn by the coming out of the Child. The Midwives &s;aid, that her Womb had a very narrow mouth; a mo&s;t violent Potion was given her by a certain Matron, to force away the Child, by which her pains and throws were &s;o increa&s;ed, and the Child forced &s;o violently, that making its way by main force, but finding the pa&s;|&s;age too &s;trait, it tore the Womb. From whence it is clear, that this kind of Remedy mu&s;t not be u&s;ed, but with great caution, and not till we have fir&s;t con&s;idered whether the Womb be fit for it, and whether the Child lie right,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, cent. 1. 64.</NOTE> before the Potion be given.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Sometimes the Mother goes with Twins, one of which is dead (and that always comes out the fir&s;t) the other alive pre&s;ently follows. Here I &s;hall relate to you &s;omething of this nature, which perhaps may &s;eem wonderful to you, that &s;o you may know how to behave your &s;elf in deliver|ing of Twins: For once it &s;o happened, that in my pre&s;ence, the Mother earne&s;tly contended with the Midwife that the Child was alive, which &s;he &s;aid, &s;he felt to &s;tir: on the contrary the Midwife urged that the Child was dead, from many outward &s;igns. But at length it happened, when that Child was delivered, which was reckoned dead in the Womb, and the Secundine was taken away with it, that pre&s;ently another live Child came out with its Secundine, although before, we could perceive nothing like it by outward &s;igns. Therefore they were both in the right; for the Mother, when &s;he affirmed &s;he felt the Child &s;tir, did not think &s;he had had two in her Belly: And the Midwife, when &s;he contended, that the Child was dead, did little think that another mu&s;t have followed. See, I pray, how variou&s;ly things happen: And let it be a Maxim to you, not to u&s;e (as &s;ome are of the mind) an In&s;trument in delivering a Child, for nothing is more certain than the Hands, nothing more &s;ecure and gentle. But, to return to my former Story; When the dead Child was delivered entire alone, we &s;earched, if by any &s;igns we could find out, what had cau&s;ed the death of the Child; whether it was the Mothers fault, or it came by &s;ome External violence. We took the After bur|then entire, but corrupted, extended it with our Hands, and held it to the light. We thought we &s;aw &s;omething livid and contu&s;ed in the right &s;ide of the <HI>Chorion,</HI> &s;uch as comes after receiving a blow, &s;o that the Veins in that part were altoge|ther corrupt and broken.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Car. Stepha|nus, l. 3. c. 2. Anat.</NOTE> Then we conc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uded that the Child was killed by a blow about the Mo|thers Womb.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Although I never u&s;ed Quick-Silver, yet I have often &s;een a &s;cruple or halt a drachm of it given by the Midwives of <HI>Goritia</HI> without any in|convenience. It is given alive, not killed: For that which is killed, &s;ticks to the Stomach and Guts, and cau&s;es cruel Symptomes; yet it mu&s;t be wa&s;hed fir&s;t in &s;trong Vinegar, mixt with Salt, then it mu&s;t be &s;trained through a piece of Leather. For &s;o they that u&s;e it, do clean&s;e it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Matthiolus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9"><PB N="477" REF="210">IX. When delivery is hindred through the Mo|thers fau<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t, becau&s;e the <HI>O&s;&s;a Pubis</HI> and <HI>Coccygis</HI> are not &s;o movable, by rea&s;on of Age; it is good to &s;often them by degrees with an emollient fomenta|tion, which may very well be done two or three weeks before her time: For &s;o the Cartilages that knit the &s;aid Bones, are by degrees &s;o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tned, and the Bones them&s;elves part more ea&s;ily: For they &s;carce part a&s;under, but give a little, to make the pa&s;&s;age for the Child more ea&s;ie. Therefore the &s;team of Emollient Herbs boiled, received in a Perforated Chair, will be good. Such Fomenta|tions do not only afford Women the fore&s;aid be|nefit, that is, to cau&s;e the Child to come out with more ea&s;e and le&s;s trouble; but after the u&s;e of them Women are not &s;o apt to be lame, when they are up again. Becau&s;e then the &s;aid Bones do give way with le&s;s violence, and therefore the &s;oftned Car|tilages do more ea&s;ily return to their former &s;tate: Which when they are left hard, and parted by vio|lence, and in a manner &s;evered from the Bones, they do &s;eldom return to their Pri&s;tine &s;tate, but they leave the knitting of the Bones more lax,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> and Women more or le&s;s &s;ubject to halt.</P>
<P N="10">X. In hard Labour it is a ca&s;e that de&s;erves ob|&s;ervation. Oftentimes the Child is born in a man|ner dead, but before the Navil is tied, by pre&s;&s;ing the Blood in, as if it had received nou|ri&s;hment, it is re&s;tored to life again, which other|wi&s;e had died. <HI>D. G. Hor&s;tius</HI> told me, he was at <HI>Rome,</HI> when the Child was in the Midwife's Hand, and the After-burthen remained in the Mothers Womb, and &s;he fell into a grievous Swooning; &s;o that one while &s;he &s;eemed to expire, anon the Child was ju&s;t dying, when immediately the Mid|wife called out, Wine, Wine; Greek Wine was brought, &s;he warmed a little of it, and opening the Womans Mouth with a Stick &s;he poured a Gla&s;s of it into her Mouth; &s;o the Woman came to her &s;elf again immediately, and was as if &s;he had ri|&s;en from the dead, and at the &s;ame moment the Child began to &s;tir finely, &s;o that both &s;urvived, and all was well. Therefore in all Swooning we mu&s;t not u&s;e Vinegar or Lavender Water, as is done commonly, but the be&s;t Aromatick Wine. Which al&s;o Doctor <HI>Sittardus</HI> judged &s;hould be done, unle&s;s the Swooning be with Vomiting; for then it is not ami&s;s not only to give Wine, but to hold a To&s;te of Bread and Vinegar to the No&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lenander.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t not only u&s;e things that have a vir|tue to facilitate Birth from an Elementary quality, but &s;uch as have it from their whole Sub&s;tance, &s;uch as the Eagle-Stone, which when I had or|dered to be tied to the Thigh of a Woman in Tra|vel, after it had been there a while, a huge mon|&s;trous Membrane came away with much ado: but as &s;oon as it was come away, I ordered the Stone to be taken off; for if it &s;hould have tarried long on, it would have drawn out the Womb by its po|tent virtue; which I found in the Wife of <HI>N.</HI> to whom, being in hard Labour, when the Women had tied a great Eagle-Stone to her Thigh, and after &s;he was delivered, did not take it off her Thigh, through carele&s;ne&s;s and forgetfulne&s;s; within a few hours her Womb came out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valleriola, lib. 10. ob&s;. 10.</NOTE> and killed the poor Woman.</P>
<P N="12">XII. One Cau&s;e of hard Labour, omitted by mo&s;t, yet often taken notice of by <HI>Arantius,</HI> con|&s;i&s;ts in the bad formation of the <HI>O&s;&s;a Pubis,</HI> which are not aptly di&s;po&s;ed, that is, broader than they &s;hould be, and flat on the out&s;ide, &s;o that within they are rather gibbous than hollow, and come near to the <HI>Os Sacrum</HI> and <HI>Coccyx,</HI> and are &s;o &s;trait, that the Child has no way to get out. Then the bu&s;i|ne&s;s mu&s;t be committed to Nature, &s;eeing there is nothing that the Phy&s;ician can do.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinan|dus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Things that promote the Birth do ope|rate, as they either comfort Nature, wherefore a draught of Malm&s;ey Wine is good, and Volatil Cordials, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd all Spices: Or they &s;timulate, and make the motion quicker, and they are watry, and not altogether void of volatility, &s;uch as Penny-royal Water; Or emollient, as Water of White Lilies; Or Diuretick, as an Emul&s;ion of Gromil Seed and Violet Seed with &s;ome appropriate Wa|ter: Hither belong Oyly things, as Oyl of Amber, Amber al&s;o it &s;elf; and Saline things, chief among which is <HI>Venice Borax:</HI> Or they a&s;&s;wage and com|fort the Nervous Kind, the painful irritation whereof renders the Labour much more difficult: Hither belong Cinnabarines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. But things to facilitate Birth mu&s;t not be given, unle&s;s the Child be near, and Nature want help. To which is requi&s;ite not only, 1. That the &s;pace of nine months, or 280 days be fully com|pleat; but al&s;o, 2. That there be true pains of Travel; and 3. Which is chief of all, That the Child be near the Birth, for unle&s;s the Aperture expand it &s;elf, it is in vain to irritate and &s;ol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">icite Nature, when &s;he does not act, &s;ince thereby &s;he as hitherto acting well, is di&s;turbed, &s;o that endea|vouring to eject the Child un&s;ea&s;onably, that is, by giving this Provocative, &s;he puts it in a bad po&s;ture, and cau&s;es a Preternatural difficult Tra|vel: As otherwi&s;e the Midwives them&s;elves al&s;o, do in this very much offend, while they encourage the Woman too &s;oon, provoke, force, and &s;et them on a Stool.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. The Midwife cannot fore&s;ee, much le&s;s correct, all the vitious po&s;tures. Indeed it is ea|&s;ily ordered in a Book, <HI>Change, amend the &s;ituation of the Child;</HI> but in &s;o narrow a place it is &s;care po&s;&s;ible to do it quickly and &s;ucce&s;sfully: For how can &s;he amend what &s;he does not &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e? You will &s;ay, Can &s;he not feel? I an&s;wer, in &s;o narrow a room &s;he may be mi&s;taken in her Judgment. How often do Midwives, judging only by feeling, mi&s;take the Shoulder or the Elbow for the Head? Then how can the Midwife help <HI>Agrippa</HI>'s (or Children coming with their Feet foremo&s;t?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ammannus, Med. Crit. p. 559.</NOTE>) What if the Child come double at the Hips? How can &s;he help this ill po&s;ture?</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Amber given to Women with Child ha&s;tens the Birth wonderfully. A certain Phy&s;ician gave 1 &s;cruple of <HI>Borax</HI> di&s;&s;olved in a Decoction of Motherwort or Savine, to Women in hard Labour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE> and he did wonders: for quickly the Child came out alive or dead.</P>
<P N="2">2. Let the Patient tie the Root of Gourd to her Kidneys, and &s;he will pre&s;ently be delivered: After &s;he is delivered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrus.</NOTE> let it be taken off imme|diately, that the <HI>Matrix</HI> fall not out.</P>
<P N="3">3. If a Woman before her Travel drink Oyl Olive, it vvill prove ea&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE> and &s;he will not be troubled vvith after-pains. They &s;ay, Water of Adders-Tongue does the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="4">4. To cau&s;e Pain, (for the more ea&s;ie delivery) Take of vvarm Water 2 ounces,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> Honey vvhat is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Give this Do&s;e at any time, vvhen there is occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="5">5. This vvas communicated to me for an Infal|lible Secret; Take Nettle-Roots; boil them in Wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Corbaeus.</NOTE> and in a draught of that Wine put of povvdered Cinnamon 2 drachms, Saffron 1 &s;cruple. Let her drink it.</P>
<P N="6">6. This is an excellent Secret, and never fails in hard Travel: Take of the Seed of Lavender half a drachm, Plantain, Endive,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> of each tvvo &s;cruples, Pepper one &s;cruple. Make a Povvder. Take it in the Water of Endive and Woodbine, of each four drachms.</P>
<P N="7">7. This has been found to be excellent by long Experience: Take of the Bark of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia Fi&s;tula,
<PB N="478" REF="211"> A&s;arum,</HI> of each one drachm, Cinnamon, Saf|fron, Savine, of each hal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> a drachm. Make a Powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tach. Rhudius.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is one drachm in Chicken or Pigeon Broth.</P>
<P N="8">8. <HI>Ol. ligni Heraclini,</HI> 16 drops were given to a Woman in Labour, and a dead Child with the After-burthen came away within an hour, the Mo|ther who had hard Labour being &s;afe.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. This Powder has been tried by Experience: Take of White D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ttany, Amber, of each one drachm and an half.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ke a Powder. Give half of it in White Wine for one Do&s;e.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Pectoris, <HI>&amp; Pulmonum vitia in genere,</HI> or, Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t and Lungs in general. (<HI>See</HI> Thoracicks, <HI>Book</HI> XIX.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Blood is not to be let to Swooning. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis profitable to open the Hemorrhoids. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purgers be hurtful. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Manna</HI> be friendly. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vomiting</HI> is not always hurtful. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antimony</HI> is both the Medicine and Poi&s;on of the Lungs. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging Cly&s;ters hinder Expectoration. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that <HI>incide</HI> too much, do &s;ometimes hinder it. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eclegma</HI>'s or Lambitives &s;ometimes rather hinder than promote it. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not good if a Fever be pre&s;ent. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are to be pre&s;cribed. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The too much u&s;e of them hurts the Stomach and Li|ver. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sweet</HI> things hinder Expectoration in Cholerick Di|&s;tempers. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents are profitably added to Expectoraters. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of the Decoction of <HI>Turnips. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>Suffumigations. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Smoak of <HI>Tobaco</HI> be profitable. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Diureticks</HI> are proper. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e things which pa&s;s into the Lungs by the Wind-Pipe, act more effectually than &s;uch as are &s;wallow'd. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>&s;weet</HI> or <HI>har&s;h</HI> Wine be be&s;t. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Anointings</HI> of the Brea&s;t are oft hurtful. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of the <HI>Flowers of Sulphur. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Sulphureous Waters</HI> may be drunk for &s;trength|ening the Lungs. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Origin of Fluxions be always from the Head. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Lambitives</HI> are hurtful <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are unfit to a&s;tringe. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Simple <HI>Flowers of Brim&s;tone</HI> are better than the Compound. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acids are to be temper'd with &s;weet things. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the <HI>Serum</HI> when it is too Acrimonious, is to be temper'd. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Serum</HI> mu&s;t be thickened that it may be expecto|rated. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Correction of an Humour offending in Acidity. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THough <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, (1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 23.) That in great Inflammations, and e&s;pecially burning Fevers, Blood is to be let to Swooning away; yet it is very dangerous to Bleed to that degree in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spiritual Parts: Where|fore, though we ought to Bleed plentifully, and even almo&s;t to fainting away, yet we mu&s;t not pro|ceed &s;o far as till the Patient &s;woon, which the ski<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ful Phy&s;ician will under&s;tand by feeling the Pul&s;e<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius Di|ver&s;us com. in lib. 1. Hip. de Morb. t. 60. Fortis, con&s;. 50. cent. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Evacuation out of the Hemorrhoidal Veins has great con&s;ent with the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="3">III. I do not approve of <HI>Evacuations</HI> in Pecto|ral Di&s;ea&s;es from a Catarrh; and tho&s;e Phy&s;icians who are but indifferently learned, and ver&s;t in the practice of Phy&s;ick know the Rea&s;ons: For what good do Evacuations do as to the Concoction, or Evacuation of the Matter out of the Brea&s;t? What do they do towards derivation, &s;eeing they move and roil it the more? What do they do as to the &s;trengthning of the Head and Stomach? What towards the Correcting of the Temperature of the Liver? I know &s;omething may be &s;aid again&s;t me: but I have found by Experience that in Pe|ctoral Di&s;ea&s;es it is mo&s;t profitable to ab&s;tain from Purging Medicines. Thus <HI>Crato</HI> in <HI>Scholtzius, con&s;.</HI> 4. yet he u&s;es them in difficulty of breathing from a Catarrh. &para; <HI>Fortis, con&s;.</HI> 7. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. writes thus: Let &s;trong Purgation follow Lenients and Preparatives: for it is not to be queried whether Purgers draw from the Brea&s;t or no; for be&s;ides that they may draw forth Humours by the <HI>Vena &s;ine pari;</HI> whil&s;t the whole Body is purged part after part, the Brea&s;t it &s;elf is al&s;o purged; for there is one and the &s;ame Conflux, one Con&s;piracy, all things con&s;enting. &para; Indeed though they be not proper in re&s;pect of the Matter that is pa&s;&s;ed out of the Ve&s;&s;els, yet they bring forth the antecedent Matter at lea&s;t, whether it flow from the Brain, (&s;eeing 'tis manife&s;t that the &s;tronger Purgatives draw from thence) or through the Pulmonary Ar|tery into the Lungs, which has conveyed thither the Cacochymie mixt with the Ma&s;s of Blood.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Their Opinion ought to be rejected, who under&s;tanding that <HI>Manna</HI> is friendly to the Brea&s;t, give it to tho&s;e who have their Brea&s;t loaden with Crudities, not &s;eeing that Crude Humours are made more thick and unapt for Concoction when the <HI>Serum</HI> is di&s;charged: I have often ob&s;erved &s;uch to be thrown into a very bad &s;tate by the gi|ving of <HI>Manna.</HI> Nature de&s;ires that thick Hu|mours &s;hould be made fluid; but tho&s;e who give Manna, or Scammony, &s;eparate the Ichors,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. method. l. 5. c. 10. Martian. 4. de acut. vict<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> or watry part, and make the remainders of the Hu|mours thicker. <HI>Johan. Bapti&s;ta Montanus</HI> con&s;i|dering this, gives Manna with the Cream of Tartar for the bringing forth of the thicker Humours. I lately &s;aw the efficacy of Manna given after that manner in an A&s;thmatical Woman, who&s;e Lungs being turgent with <HI>Serum,</HI> &s;he was cured the &s;ame day, a great quantity of Serous Humours being carried off.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Vomiting</HI> is not good, if there be a &s;olution of Continuity in the Lungs: but if they be full of thick and Vi&s;cid Humours only, 'tis an excellent Remedy. Hence 'tis fal&s;e, That Vomiting is hurt|ful in every Di&s;ea&s;e of the Brea&s;t. It often hap|pens that a &s;limy tough Matter lies a Fingers breadth thick upon the upper &s;ide of the Midriff, which kills the Patient unle&s;s it be taken away by Vomit. So died a certain Land<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">grave of <HI>He&s;&s;en,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus, m. m. p. 56.</NOTE> in who&s;e dead Body, being opened, there was found &s;uch a Matter. &para; When an Empyema follows a Di&s;ea&s;e of the Lungs, it &s;hall be cured by <HI>Paracente&s;is</HI> or Tapping, or by purging off the <HI>Pus</HI> by Stool and Vomit: Which I remember was done a few years ago by an Empirick by a particular Decoction, by the help whereof a Patient that was e&s;teemed to be incurable by &s;everal Phy&s;icians, being affected in his Brea&s;t, and wa&s;ting away by degrees, was cured very well in a few weeks, and &s;till continues well. Let none cen&s;ure that ra&s;hly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. pract. l. 1. c. 24.</NOTE> which he knows not the rea&s;on of. &para; It is clear by Experience, that from a violent &s;training to Vomit, the expul&s;ion of what is contained in the Wind-Pipe is pro|moted; except in Spitting of Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. 22. p. 29.</NOTE> wherein Vomiting is always dangerous.</P>
<P N="6"><PB N="479" REF="211">VI. One taking the <HI>Flowers of Antimony</HI> of a Mountebank fell into an Apoplexy, during which he fell into a great Salivation, &s;o that he quickly emptied by his No&s;e and Mouth a great deal of frothy Phlegm. His dead Body being opened, the Region of his Brea&s;t, his Stomach, and Head were found full of &s;uch like Matter. Whence gather, That as <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> being well pre|pared, is an excellent Medicine for the Lungs; &s;o being not as yet deprived of its Ar&s;enical Sulphur and Mercury by Calcinations and Solutions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. de Sor|bait, M. C. an. 1672. ob&s;. 270.</NOTE> 'tis a very great Poi&s;on.</P>
<P N="7">VII. We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from <HI>Acrimonious Cly&s;ters</HI> when there is a brisk Expectoration; for Expecto|ration is hindred by the vertue thereof, the Matter being drawn downwards: and in &s;uch ca&s;e there follow anxiety,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Merc. l. 1. de ind. med. c. 3.</NOTE> inquietude, and divers other Symptoms.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. According to <HI>Hippocrates, l.</HI> 3. <HI>de vict. acut. v.</HI> 63. Medicines that <HI>incide</HI> and <HI>attenuate</HI> much, &s;uch as <HI>Oxymel</HI> that is very &s;harp, are to be ab&s;tained from in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, when the Patients through weakne&s;s cannot Cough up: for the Matter by &s;uch Medicines is not only made more tough, and &s;o the harder to cough up; but being deterged from the &s;ides of the Ve&s;&s;els, it &s;lides into their Cavities, and &s;o cau&s;es a greater &s;uffocation (the pa&s;&s;ages for the Air being &s;topt) than when it clave to the &s;ides of the Wind-Pipe.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in loc.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Among&s;t the conveniences of <HI>Pti&s;an, Hip|pocrates (in acut. t.</HI> 29.) reckons the&s;e, That it is fluid, and &s;ticks not to the Parts, nor tarries in the pa&s;&s;age that goes directly to the Brea&s;t: from whence we may gather, that he takes away the u&s;e of all Lohochs, becau&s;e they cleave to the Parts, and cau&s;e Anhelations in the Inflammation of the Lungs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius, comm. in loc.</NOTE> Pleuri&s;ie, and A&s;thma. For the Ancients u&s;ed Lohochs only for &s;ore Mouths, where it was nece&s;&s;ary the Medicine &s;hould tarry &s;ome while.</P>
<P N="10">X. The &s;ame are not good when a Fever, and a Cough or other like Di&s;temper of the Brea&s;t come together. Thus in Catarrhal Fevers, in the Small Pox and Mea&s;les, and e&s;pecially the Pleurify and Peripneumony, Lohochs have no place. Nor are tho&s;e to be li&s;ten'd to, who in a Pleuri&s;y, e&s;peci|ally in the beginning thereof, commend <HI>Spec. dia|tragacanth. frig.</HI> and &s;uch like, which are quite op|po&s;ite to the indication and motion of Nature. So that <HI>Heurnius</HI>'s Advice (<HI>in Meth. ad prax. p.</HI> 313.) is rather to be follow'd; nor does <HI>Helmont</HI> write ami&s;s in this ca&s;e, That Syrups and Lohochs have not benefited one of a thou&s;and, and therefore we ought to per&s;i&s;t no longer in this Miry Track.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some Phy&s;icians do ill in pre&s;cribing <HI>Lam|bitives</HI> at the fir&s;t Vi&s;it, (&s;uch Phy&s;icians are like Women) for the Matter that is in the whole Body forbids them. For a Lohoch is given upon the account of a Cough; now by a Cough the Lungs, Brea&s;t, and <HI>Pleura</HI> are agitated: and therefore if the Body be full of Humours, they rather hurt, by the attraction of new Matter, than profit. Wherefore they ought not to be pre&s;cribed till af|ter Bleeding and Loo&s;ening the Belly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacc. pract. l. 2. c. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. There is need of &s;ome Moderation and Circum&s;pection in the u&s;e of Lambitives, le&s;t &s;uch &s;weet things, while they &s;tay in the Stomach, turn to Choler; or being carried to the Liver, cau&s;e Ob&s;tructions there. We &s;ee that by the too frequent u&s;e of Lambitives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, con&s;. St. apud Scholtz. Ga|belchover. cent. 3. cur. 85. Montan. con&s;. 126.</NOTE> tho&s;e who labour under Pecto|ral Di&s;ea&s;es do &s;ometimes fall into a Drop&s;y: for there is but a &s;mall part of &s;uch Medicines that &s;lides into the Lungs, the greate&s;t part going to the Stomach and Liver.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. That Admonition of <HI>Hippocrates, lib de rat. vict.</HI> is very worthy of notice: <HI>Sweet Wine</HI> in &s;uch as it makes thir&s;ty, helps Expectoration le&s;s than other Wine. Therefore though &s;weet Wine do of it &s;elf facilitate Spitting, yet in &s;uch as are Cholerick, or labour under a Cholerick Cacochy|mie of the Brea&s;t, as a Cholerick Pleuri&s;y, Peri|pneumony or De&s;tillation, namely in &s;uch as it makes thir&s;ty, it brings forth le&s;s Spittle than the Vinous, becau&s;e it heats the Liver, increa&s;es Cho|ler, dries the Lungs, and makes the Di&s;ea&s;e drier. Which &s;ame thing is to be ob&s;erved indeed in all other &s;weet Potions and Lambitives; nor mu&s;t we without di&s;tinction pre&s;s Lambitives upon all who we de&s;ire &s;hould Cough up ea&s;ily; for in &s;ome (namely &s;uch who&s;e Brea&s;t is very hot, and their Liver Cholerick) the Phlegm will come ea&s;ilier up by ab&s;taining from all &s;uch things, and allowing only Water or a Decoction of Barley. As for my &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. com. in l. de vict. acut. p. 107.</NOTE> I give to &s;uch only warm Water to con|coct the Phlegm, and find a very good effect of it.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. That &s;uch things as <HI>a&s;tringe</HI> moderately, are nece&s;&s;ary, and not hurtful, in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, e&s;pecially being mixed with other things, appears from the compo&s;ition of the Syrup of Lykyrrhize, wherein <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> puts Ro&s;e-Water. Now &s;uch things are profitable, in as much as by conden&s;ating and &s;trengthning the &s;ub&s;tance of the parts of the Brea&s;t, they hinder the unprofitable Humours, that are &s;ent from other parts, to be &s;o readily received; and &s;uch as they have received, whether they would or no, by contracting them|&s;elves, they expel the more &s;trongly. Thus <HI>Avi|cen,</HI> in imitation of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 3. <HI>de morb.</HI> pre|&s;cribes a Wine of Sweet Pomegranates for the Peripneumonick and Pleuritick; upon which ac|count he is blamed by &s;ome for pre&s;cribing an A&s;tringent where there is occa&s;ion to dilate: for according to <HI>Galen.</HI> 8. <HI>&khgr;. &thgr;.</HI> even &s;weet Pomegra|nates bind in &s;ome mea&s;ure: though &s;ome think it to be pre&s;cribed upon the account of the Loo&s;|ne&s;s that &s;ometimes happens in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crucius de Quae&s;itis, cent. 4. p. 13.</NOTE> It may be added, That moderate A&s;triction helps the Penetration of the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="15">XV. How profitable a Decoction of Turnips is in Pectoral Di&s;ea&s;es, loo&s;ening the Matter col|lected in the Brea&s;t, I have found by Experience, and therefore I earne&s;tly recommend it. Take Turnips are pare the Rind off them, &s;lice them, and pouring Water on them boil them a little; throw away the fir&s;t Decoction, and boil them again in fre&s;h Water: Pre&s;s out the Juice,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, con&s;. 21. apud Scholtzium.</NOTE> to which add a little fre&s;h Butter and Sugar Candy.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Nothing is more difficult in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, than to bring the Medicines to the place affected, for through the length of the way they hardly do any good: for the greate&s;t part of them (if not all) &s;lides down the Gulet into the Stomach, and before they reach the Lungs, their vertue is either le&s;&s;en'd, or altogether de&s;troyed. It &s;eems more advi&s;able therefore, that Pectoral Medicines, whether Lozenges, <HI>Linctus,</HI> or others, be held a good while in the Mouth, that they may &s;lide down lei&s;urely by the &s;ides of the <HI>Larynx.</HI> yet this is but a &s;low kind of Remedy. That Me|dicines may be receiv'd plentifully and &s;peedily into the Lungs, we mu&s;t make an artificial u&s;e of Re&s;piration: A Decoction of Vulnerary, Pectoral Herbs and others, according to the &s;cope of the Phy&s;ician, is to be prepared, the Vapour whereof let the Patient continually receive, together with the Air, in In&s;piration: for thus the Steam being carried to the Lungs in its entire vertue, and by a &s;hort way, &s;hall cure the Di&s;ea&s;es thereof. Let all the Air be thus infected to the benefit of the Patient; and you need not with <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ail to <HI>Egypt,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Barth. cent. 4. Hi&s;t. 88.</NOTE> your Chamber may become an <HI>Egypt</HI> for you. &para; I think the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Breaff, Head, and Lungs can be helped no way better than by Vapour. For as we relieve the thick Guts by Cly|&s;ters, the Stomach by Vomits, the Kidneys by Diureticks, becau&s;e the&s;e Remedies reach to tho&s;e parts: &s;o it &s;eems are the parts &s;erving for Re&s;pi|ration to be helped by Vapours; for nothing el&s;e is carried entire into tho&s;e parts. As for my &s;elf,
<PB N="480" REF="212"> I often u&s;e Vapours for the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t and Head, &s;etting Kettles full of fitting Decocti|ons by the Patients Bed &s;ide, or u&s;ing Suffumiga|tions upon Coals: for Concocting and Inciding Va|pours may be prepared as the matter &s;hall require. Wherefore it will often be convenient, whil&s;t Fo|mentations are applied outwardly for allaying of Pain and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of Humours and Wind, to re|ceive inwardly the Vapours from Sponges dipt in the Decoction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. de vict. acut. p. 49. de evaporat. &amp; &s;uffumig.</NOTE> for concocting or drying. Yet this will not be always convenient; for if difficulty of breathing happen thereupon, we mu&s;t de&s;i&s;t.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Without doubt <HI>Tabaco</HI> given in Potion does as much harm to the Stomach and Guts, as it does good to a moi&s;t and cold Brain. But 'tis &s;ome Que&s;tion, Whether the Smoak of Tabaco offend the Lungs, becau&s;e it is an hot Plant, yea acrimonious and twitching, either naturally, or by art; namely from the Pouders of <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> Ba&s;tard Pellitory, Pepper, or other acrimonious Spices, which are &s;prinkled betwixt its Leaves by Cheating Fellows, as they are made up into Rolls: by the Vapour of all which 'tis likely the Lungs are no le&s;s offended, than the Brain is, when a Man is made to &s;neeze by the Pouder of Hor&s;e-Rhadi&s;h, or Pepper. For as its immoderate heat does exhau&s;t the Radical moi&s;ture; &s;o its cloudy Smoak ob&s;cures the illu&s;trious &s;pirit of our Life, yea,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nicol. Tulp. ob&s;. l. 1. c. 6.</NOTE> it &s;uffocates the innate heat &s;o evidently, that like Tabid or Con&s;umptive People they are wa&s;ted with a continual Cough or &s;hortne&s;s of Breath.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I believe that a Catarrh does not only come to the Brea&s;t by the Lungs, but al&s;o from the whole Circuit of the Veins: witne&s;s <HI>Galen,</HI> 2. <HI>de fac. nat.</HI> who &s;ays that all Superfluities flow upon a weak part. Wherefore <HI>Diureticks</HI> are good in &s;uch ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montan. con&s;. 145. See the title of Re&s;pira|tion hurt, Book 15.</NOTE> becau&s;e the Matter de&s;cends from the Veins, and there is a great con&s;ent betwixt the Veins and the Brea&s;t. Therefore Diureticks are profitable for the Lungs and Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Tho&s;e things which bring <HI>Matter</HI> or <HI>Phlegm</HI> out of the Brea&s;t, are prepared divers ways, and are u&s;ed &s;ometimes in the form of a <HI>Decoction,</HI> &s;ometimes of a <HI>Mixture,</HI> &s;ometimes of a <HI>Lohoch,</HI> and &s;ometimes of <HI>Lozenges.</HI> And 'tis good to hold them for a while in the Mouth, that pa&s;&s;ing lei&s;urely to the <HI>Fauces</HI> or Throat, a good deal or them may go down by the Weazand, and &s;o may be mixed in a greater quantity with the Phlegm that is to be incided.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe, m. m. c. 18. &s;ect. 26.</NOTE> But that which we &s;wallow, may al&s;o by a longer way return with the Blood to the Lungs.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;es &s;ometimes <HI>&s;weet,</HI> &s;ome|times <HI>har&s;h</HI> Wine in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t. Sweet Wine is not &s;o well allowed of before Expectorati|on begin, becau&s;e it does not rai&s;e a Cough, where|by the Purulent Matter is di&s;charged: Therefore har&s;h Wine is then proper, becau&s;e by irritating a Cough, it cau&s;eth Expectoration: but he ab&s;tains from it when the Patient Coughs up freely, for then &s;weet Wine is more convenient to make the pa&s;&s;ages glib,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sinibald. l 4. Antiph. 14.</NOTE> and to expand the Wings of the Lungs.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I do not well approve of <HI>Pectoral Oint|men<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s;</HI> for though they help towards expectorating o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the Matter which is at pre&s;ent lodged in the Brea&s;t, yet they make the parts more loo&s;e and &s;ub|ject to Fluxions.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, conl. 8.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. I u&s;e the <HI>Flowers of Brim&s;tone</HI> in invete|rate Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs with no bad &s;ucce&s;s: but <HI>D. Job. Crato</HI> hath frighted me from the u&s;e of them, who di&s;allowing of them endeavours to &s;hew, That &s;omething of a more &s;ubtil Ar&s;enical Poi&s;on is &s;till contained in them. But &s;eeing in &s;trong Di&s;tempers &s;trong Remedies al&s;o are to be u&s;ed, and I &s;hould hope that by often wa&s;hing of them with the Water of Scabious, Speedwell, or the like, that Poi&s;onous quality may be taken away, or at lea&s;t &s;o corrected as not to hurt, I would not in that ca&s;e be again&s;t the u&s;e of the&s;e Flowers. Now half a &s;cruple or a &s;cruple of them may be given in one of the forementioned Waters, adding <HI>Spec. Diair. Simpl.</HI> in the &s;ame quantity; or take half a drachm of each of the&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joac. Came|rar. in c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ta~ medic. Hor|nungi Epi&s;t. 118.</NOTE> and with two ounces and an half of Sugar di&s;&s;olved in proper Waters make <HI>Retulae,</HI> whereof let one or two melt in your Mouth often.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. The Head being dried, and the Lungs them&s;elves in &s;ome &s;ort, the drying and &s;trengthen|ing of them may be perfected by <HI>Sulphureous Waters,</HI> drinking them for twelve days with a loo&s;ening Ve|hicle. For there can be no Remedy more excel|lent in art; yet it is not proper till the Head be fir&s;t dried, &s;eeing it a&s;cends thither,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Ray|mund. For|tis, con&s;. 13. cent. 2.</NOTE> fills and fu&s;es it, and &s;o increa&s;es de&s;tillations: yet when the Head is dried, it dries it yet more without any inconvenience attending.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. The Sub&s;tance of the Lungs is &s;oft and &s;pongy, therefore is it &s;ubject to defluxions above other Bowels; whether tho&s;e come from the Brain, or from the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> by the mediation of the Heart. For when the Head does de&s;til Rheum upon the Lungs, and the Liver &s;upplies an impure Blood to the Heart, which the Heart pours out again into the Lungs, their Sub&s;tance is thereby infected, but that taint flows not from the Heart, but from the Di&s;temper'd and ill Conditition'd <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> which &s;end impure Blood to the Heart, who&s;e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ault the Heart cannot correct but by many Circulations. Now the Lungs cannot receive Humours from the Head without a Cough; for if this be wanting, they &s;uffer only from the Blood of the Heart: for the Lungs alone are &s;upplied with Blood from the Heart, receiving Ve&s;&s;els therefrom,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|enchir Ana|tomic. l. 3. c. 6.</NOTE> and not from the <HI>Cava.</HI></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Medicines that rai&s;e a greater fermenta|tion are not to be added to <HI>Eclegma</HI>'s or Lambi|tives. Thus 'tis well known that the Flowers of Sulphur, and the Milk of Sulphur (&s;o called) are excellent Pectorals, and yet 'tis advi&s;eable to give them rather in any other mix<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ure than that of Lambitives or Electuaries: The &s;ame may be &s;aid of Salts, which 'tis better to omit al&s;o, becau&s;e they are not &s;o friendly to the Brea&s;t. For 'tis certain by Experience, that the mixing of Sulphu|rate Remedies with &s;weet, does in a &s;pec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">al manner cau&s;e a fermentation: whence a re&s;olution and <HI>impetus</HI> being made, &s;uch Lambitives (which al&s;o of them&s;elves are apt to ferment, after the manner of other &s;weet things mixt with what is Heterogeneous) incline to the out-parts of the Ve&s;&s;el, &s;o that the Ve&s;&s;el &s;eems always full,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de medicin. compo&s;. 140.</NOTE> though every day &s;omething be drained thence. &para; Lam|bitives are naught for the Stomach; for &s;weet things, as <HI>Macrobius</HI> &s;ays rightly, are enemies to Concoction; for by the continued u&s;e of them e&s;pecially, they loo&s;en the &s;ides of the Stomach, dull its heat, and impair its ferment; &s;o that <HI>Mon|tanus</HI> him&s;elf (<HI>Con&s;.</HI> 32.) rightly admoni&s;hes us not to give them but on an empty Stomach, le&s;t Concoction be hindred: Hence they de&s;troy the appetite: so that where there is a weakne&s;s of the Stomach, e&s;pecially a flaggine&s;s, they are more &s;paringly, or not at all to be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. 143.</NOTE> but always when we u&s;e them we mu&s;t have regard to the tone of the Stomach.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Lambitives do not bind &s;afely, for they ferment the Humours, and by their proper &s;weet|ne&s;s do rather &s;mooth, lubricate, and mollifie, than bind: &s;o that we mu&s;t not wholly tru&s;t to the&s;e in &s;alt, acrimonious, and thin Catarrhs, nor in Spitting of Blood it &s;elf: whence it may be noted as a Rule, That Lambitives are indeed proper only for the Lungs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. m. m. l. 2. c. 18.</NOTE> but yet not they alone for the Lungs alone, and that by altering.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. The &s;imple Flowers of Sulphur are better than the Compound. As (<HI>entia</HI> or) &s;eve|ral di&s;tinct Medicines u&s;e almo&s;t in every ca&s;e to
<PB N="481" REF="212"> be multiplied by Chymi&s;ts without nece&s;&s;ity; &s;o is the &s;ame ob&s;erved in the Flowers of Sulphur: for &s;ome prepare them with Aloes, Benzoe, Saffron, Myrrh, the Colco<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">har of Vitriol, Nitre, that they may look white, with common Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and then give them among their <HI>Arcana;</HI> but generally with light and &s;mall &s;ucce&s;s: For what does Colco|thar communicate, but a Corro&s;ive Acrimonious Quality? What afford Aloes, Saffron, or Myrrh, but an Empyreuma? For the&s;e have no quality to fly away or be &s;ublimed, and they are burnt up the more by a double Fire as it were: And &s;o great a change being made, the vertues which we expected cannot but fail al&s;o:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. Pharm. p. 137.</NOTE> &s;o that 'tis better to join other proper things to the Flowers them&s;elves of Sulphur.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. As often as <HI>Acids</HI> are u&s;ed to cut Phlegm, &s;o often they are not to be given alone, but mixt with &s;weet and Sugared things in a &s;mall quantity, le&s;t, if they &s;hould be given more &s;ing|ly, they &s;hould by their Acrimony too much irri|tate the Lungs to cough,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. m. m. l. 2. c. 18.</NOTE> and &s;o &s;hould do more hurt than good.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. When the <HI>Scrum</HI> is too <HI>Acrimonious,</HI> &s;ome things are to be u&s;ed which may temper it, becau&s;e through its Acrimony it does not only by its twitching cau&s;e frequent Coughing and wearies the Lungs; but al&s;o frets the Coat of the Wind-Pipe, and by degrees creates an Ulcer in the Lungs. Its mo&s;t frequent Acrimony is a <HI>Salt Muriatick,</HI> more rarely &s;uch as is very <HI>acid:</HI> its <HI>&s;owrne&s;s</HI> u&s;es to cau&s;e &s;ingular di&s;turbance. The <HI>Salt Muriatick Acrimony</HI> of the <HI>Scrum</HI> is temper'd and blunted in part by the <HI>Incra&s;&s;aters</HI> to be pre&s;ently mention|ed, which by their Empla&s;tick vertue do lenifie that Acrimony; and this they do more effectually if Opiats be joined with them, as the Pills com|monly known, called <HI>Pil. de Cynoglo&s;&s;a,</HI> and <HI>de Sty|race,</HI> do te&s;tifie, which are very well fitted for this purpo&s;e, and might be yet more fit if by ad|ding Sugar they were made up into Tablets or Troches, and held in the Mouth: for &s;o a far greater part of them pa&s;&s;es to the Lungs, than when they are made up into Pills and &s;wallow'd; though even &s;o they are likewi&s;e ob&s;erv'd to be very effectual, though every Caviller is not pre|&s;ently &s;atisfied in the way by which the vertue of the Medicine is tran&s;mitted to the Lungs. We therefore recommend the &s;aid Pills <HI>de Cynoglo&s;&s;a</HI> and <HI>de Styrace</HI> for Salt Muriatick (or briny) Humours that are flown into the Wind-Pipe, and ought to be expectorated thence, in as much as they both temper their &s;alt Acrimony, and le&s;&s;en their too great fluidity, and &s;o procure to them a Con&s;i&s;tence convenient for Expectoration,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe, prax. lib. 1. cap. 19.</NOTE> and for Expul&s;ion by Coughing; what&s;oever &s;everal bawl to the contrary.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. The <HI>Serum,</HI> be it of what ta&s;te it will, ought all of it in general to be <HI>incra&s;&s;ated,</HI> that it may the more ea&s;ily be Expectorated; for other|wi&s;e it e&s;capes the violence of the expired Air, and can be expelled but &s;lowly, and by much Coughing. The <HI>Serum</HI> is incra&s;&s;ated by Gum Tragacanth, Gum Arabick, the Roots of Mar&s;h|mallows, Comphrey, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of which, with Sugar, Troches may be made, which being held a good while in the Mouth, and by little and little di&s;|&s;olved by the Spittle, do lei&s;urely tend to the Wind-Pipe, and thicken therein the over-fluid <HI>Serum,</HI> making it fit to be the ea&s;ilier expelled by the help of the Air in Expiration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. As to Medicines correcting an Humour offending by a more pure <HI>acidity,</HI> and helping Ex|pectoration, they are the &s;ame which correct the Salt Muriatick <HI>Serum,</HI> and moreover &s;uch as <HI>con|centrate</HI> and <HI>infringe</HI> Acids, &s;uch as Crabs Eyes, Pearls, Corals, Chalk, all &s;orts of &s;ealed Earth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But becau&s;e the Wind-Pipe u&s;es to be fretted &s;ooner and &s;orer by an acid <HI>Serum,</HI> 'tis nece&s;&s;ary not only to u&s;e the Remedies that more effectually correct it, but they mu&s;t moreover be &s;o prepared and admini&s;tred, that a good part of them may be carried into the &s;aid Wind-Pipe. Wherefore the mo&s;t convenient form will be <HI>Troches</HI> and <HI>Lo|zenges,</HI> that they may the longer be kept in the Mouth, and carried more plentifully to the Wea|zand, and may partly therein and partly in the Mouth imbibe and concentrate the acid <HI>Serum.</HI> A <HI>&s;owr Serum</HI> &s;hall be corrected by Medicines that amend it, &s;uch as are among the vulgarly known, <HI>Ca&s;tor, A&s;a foetida, Carabe;</HI> among Chymical Remedies, all &s;orts of <HI>Salts</HI> that are truly <HI>Volatil,</HI> the mo&s;t effectual whereof I have found to be the Spirit of Sal Armoniack, the Oyl of Amber, Mace, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Let the ingrateful things, as <HI>Ca&s;tor, A&s;a foetida,</HI> be given in the form of Pills.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Pectoris <HI>dolor,</HI> or Pain of the Brea&s;t.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>An hot Pain of the Brea&s;t cured by a Seton in the Part. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A wandring Pain cea&s;ing by the u&s;e of a Decoction of China. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pain of the <HI>Sternum</HI> proceeding from a Bilious Humour included in a peculiar Membrane. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe mo&s;t Noble Lord <HI>G. &agrave; B.</HI> being a Man of a very Cholerick Tempera|ment, was long vexed with a mo&s;t trouble&s;ome Pain in the left &s;ide of his Brea&s;t, which no Topicks or other Remedies could a&s;&s;wage. Him&s;elf pro|po&s;ed the pa&s;&s;ing of a Seton in the part, which with much ado his Phy&s;icians con&s;ented to. Calling <HI>L. S.</HI> a skilful Surgeon of <HI>Geneva,</HI> him&s;elf with his Fingers took hold of the Skin of the part af|fected, and rai&s;ed it up &s;trongly from the &s;ubja|cent Mu&s;cles: then the Surgeon thru&s;ts a Needle through it, being threeded with a Seton as thick as ones little Finger, and from the upper to the lower Hole there was &s;ix or &s;even Fingers Bread hs &s;p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ce. A while after a virulent yellow <HI>Serum</HI> flow'd out in great plenty, which being exhau&s;ted the Pain remitted. After &s;ix weeks this Noble Per&s;on pull'd out the Seton without any return of the Pain.</P>
<P N="2">II. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> being fifty years old, of a &s;anguin Complexion, returning out of <HI>Italy</HI> from the Wars, complains of cruel Pains, afflicting him every Night about his fir&s;t Sleep: they begin in the left Side, reaching at the &s;ame time to the fore and hin|der part of the Brea&s;t, to the left Side and Shoul|der-Blades, with that violence as to awake him; nor can he continue to lie in any po&s;ture, but is forc'd to ri&s;e: The Pain continues till the morn|ing, and then cea&s;es, and is quiet all the day. He had been troubled therewith for two months, and had u&s;ed no Remedy. Another Phy&s;ician thinks that the&s;e Pains proceed from a thin Catarrh falling upon tho&s;e parts in the night, in which &s;ea&s;on the Phlegmatick Humour is moved: I am of Opinion that they proceed from Wind, which is rai&s;ed only at tho&s;e hours by the heat being made more inten&s;e from Concentration during &s;leep: The Matter out of which it is rai&s;ed, is a puddle of bad and crude Humours collected in the Stomach, Me&s;entery, and about the Liver, bred from a bad Diet in the Camp; whereby the Concoction of the Stomach is weakened, and thence are <HI>flatus</HI> &s;ent all about, being rai&s;ed from the bad Humours: When Con|coction is fini&s;hed, the <HI>&s;tatus</HI> are no longer tran&s;|mitted, and therefore towards morning the Pains cea&s;e. For Cure I pre&s;cribed fir&s;t an univer&s;al
<PB N="482" REF="213"> Evacuation by Apozems and Bleeding; after|wards a Decoction of China for fifteen days: by the u&s;e of which things the Di&s;temper le&s;&s;en'd by degrees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River cent. 2. ob&s;. 8.</NOTE> and at length was wholly removed without other Remedies.</P>
<P N="3">III. I have known one or two troubled with a Pain in the upper part of the Brea&s;t-Bone, not very cruel, but of long continuance, which in|termitted indeed daily a good part of the day, yet &s;o as that there was always &s;ome trouble&s;ome &s;en&s;e remaining. It cau&s;ed no difficulty of Breath, nor was it accompanied with a Cough; yet it was &s;ome|what increa&s;ed by &s;trong In&s;piration and deep Sighs, as al&s;o by a &s;udden lying along upon the Back and mu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h bending of the Head backwards, and likewi&s;e by yawning and &s;tretching. It always continued fixt in one place; yet it &s;ometimes ex|tended it &s;elf to the neighbouring parts of the Brea&s;t, and towards the A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m-pits. I thought this Pain proceeded from an Humour fixt between a pe|culiar Membrane, (for that which is common to the whole Brea&s;t, called <HI>Pleura,</HI> recedes a good &s;pace from the Brea&s;t Bone, while it forms the <HI>Media&s;ti|num</HI>) and the very Body of the Brea&s;t-Bone, on that &s;ide next the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, in no great quantity, but &s;uch as was very Acrimonious or Malignant, yet Bilious, the Parties being in the vi|gour of Age, and of hot Bodies, and very &s;ubject to Di&s;ea&s;es from Choler. The Cure confirmed this Conjecture, being performed chiefly by re|peating Purgers of Choler: I al&s;o u&s;ed fomenta|tions of Anodynes and Relaxers, and laid on a Plai&s;ter of <HI>Olibanum,</HI> Virgin Wax, and Burgundy Pitch,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Boo|tius de affec. omi&s;&s;. c. 12. See Sect. I.</NOTE> which is of notable efficacy to draw forth gently any &s;ort of Acrimonious Humours that lie deep, and to di&s;&s;ipate them by degrees.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Pectoris <HI>&amp; Pulmonum vulnera,</HI> or Wounds of the Brea&s;t and Lungs.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When <HI>purging</HI> is hurtful. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to cure Wounds that penetrate into the Cavity. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nece&s;&s;ity of <HI>Tents. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Injections</HI> be hurtful. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them not con&s;i&s;t of bitter things. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where <HI>Paracente&s;is</HI> or Tapping is nece&s;&s;ary, 'tis not to be omitted for fear of a Flux of Blood. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Blood &s;tops, by what art it is to be made to i&s;&s;ue. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wounds near the Heart are not to be clo&s;ed &s;ooner than others. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of an Impo&s;thume is not to be delayed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SUch as being wounded in the Brea&s;t, have <HI>Pus</HI> contained in the Cavity; while it is a purging out by the Wound, there is no better Remedy than <HI>not to purge</HI> the Body: for if a Purge &s;hould be given, all the Humours would run to|wards the Guts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultet. ob&s;. 43.</NOTE> and the Body would be wa&s;ted, who&s;e wa&s;ting bad Symptoms will follow.</P>
<P N="2">II. I have often &s;een Wounds of the Brea&s;t pe|netrating into its Cavity, yet without any hurt of the Internal Parts; which Wounds are indeed of two &s;orts, one which hurt the Interco&s;tal Ve&s;&s;els, out of which the Blood flowing plentifully, i&s;&s;ues into the Cavity of the Brea&s;t; the other, wherein the Ve&s;&s;els being not hurt, pour no Blood into the Cavity. The fir&s;t &s;ort of Wound is to be kept open; which method of Cure all Writers of Phy|&s;ick propound: But if there be no &s;igns of Extra|va&s;ated Blood in the Cavity, namely, if the u&s;ual Symptoms be wanting, among&s;t which are a Fever, much Coughing, a weight upon the Midriff, and other &s;uch like, then putting a very &s;hort Tent into the Orifice of the Wound, wetting it with the White of an Egg, and laying a Linnen Cloth over it dipt in the &s;ame, with Bole-Armene and <HI>Sanguis Draconis,</HI> I gently compre&s;s the wounded part with a Swathing-Band: and the next day, throwing the Tent quite away, I lay on a Cere-Cloth of Ceru&s;s; by which things I make my Pa|tients &s;ound in &s;even or eight days.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchet. ob&s;. 41.</NOTE> By the &s;ame method I al&s;o cure Wounds of the Brea&s;t that only penetrate the Mu&s;cles thereof, though an Hands breadth long. &para; Penetrating Wounds made in the upper part of the Brea&s;t, &s;o that the Matter that is collected within cannot &s;o conveniently be di&s;charged forth, degenerate into an Empyema, ac|cording to the general Opinion: On which account I have made Inci&s;ion in &s;ome betwixt the fifth and &s;ixth Rib, and thereby have evacuated the Matter and cured &s;everal. See In&s;tances in <HI>Scultetus, ob&s;.</HI> 43. &amp; 59. &para; I have ob&s;erved, that as oft as the Matter is quickly di&s;charged, namely, in a days time at furthe&s;t, the Patients pre&s;ently reco|ver, the Matter flowing no longer out by the Wound, and which is &s;trange, the Fever moreover cea&s;ing, which is continual while the Matter &s;tays in the Cavity of the Brea&s;t: Yea, this is thought to be a Pathognomonick Sign, That when the Pa|tients are free from a Fever, there is no Matter in the Brea&s;t; and does indicate, that the Wound is to be pre&s;ently clo&s;ed up: Whereas on the contra|ry, when the Matter i&s;&s;ues out by little and little, all &s;uch die; becau&s;e by its delay the Internal Parts are Ulcerated, <HI>Pus</HI> is increa&s;ed, and the Ulcers and Fever grow daily wor&s;e and wor&s;e: Which therefore mu&s;t be marked by tho&s;e that are employed in the&s;e Cures; namely, that if the <HI>Pus</HI> be not evacuated in a &s;hort &s;pace of time, they &s;ee to drain it forth as quickly as they can by Me|dicines: for which purpo&s;e I give either Barley-Water or Water and Honey, which deterge it by little and little, and make it fit for Evacuation, not without the help of Nature expelling it: which Remedy the more &s;trong need not, who in a few days di&s;charge all the Purulent Matter, and are cured, unle&s;s this Evacuation be prolonged, and then they dye. See <HI>Pareus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. ob&s;. 43.</NOTE> <HI>lib.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 31. <HI>Nic. Ma&s;&s;a tom.</HI> 2. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 11.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Felix Wirths</HI> a Surgeon utterly rejects Tents in Wounds of the Brea&s;t, and determines, That <HI>Pus</HI> it &s;elf, Blood, or other Matter collected in the Brea&s;t may be fitly evacuated by Sweat, Urine, Stool, or other ways: But though I deny not that Patients are in great danger, when unskilful Sur|geons tie not the Tents with a Threed to hinder them from &s;lipping into the Cavity of the Brea&s;t; yet I &s;ee no rea&s;on why the u&s;e of them is utterly to be rejected; &s;eeing otherwi&s;e Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t. ap. Hildan. cent. 3. ob&s;. 36.</NOTE> which expects a&s;&s;i&s;tance from Art, cannot di&s;charge the Superfluities.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Co&s;mus Slotanus,</HI> a very good Surgeon, wholly ab&s;tained from Injections that are made by a Syringe: which he bids us ob&s;erve in all Wounds and Ulcers either in the Brea&s;t or lower Belly: for &s;ome part of the Injection might ea&s;ily glide into the vacuity of the Brea&s;t or Belly, and grievous Symptoms, with great danger to the Patient might be rai&s;ed thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. cent. 1. ob&s;. 63.</NOTE> Yet <HI>Sculicius</HI> u&s;ed them with very good &s;ucce&s;s, as appears from his 51, and 56 Ob&s;ervations.</P>
<P N="5">V. One being wounded in his Brea&s;t, when I had poured into the Wound a very <HI>deterging In|jection</HI> of <HI>Wormwood, Centaury,</HI> and <HI>Aloes,</HI> there ro&s;e up &s;uch a bitterne&s;s into his Mouth, with a <HI>Nau&s;ea,</HI> that he could no longer endure it. Then I called to mind what once I had ob&s;erved in one who had a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> upon his Brea&s;t. Therefore when I con&s;ider'd that &s;uch bitter things are apt to be re|ceived into the Lungs, and to ri&s;e from thence up
<PB N="483" REF="213"> into the Wind-Pipe, Throat, and Mouth, I de|clared that I would never more admini&s;ter &s;uch bitter things to my Patients; for there proceeds far greater trouble than fruit and benefit there|from.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Pareus, l. 9. c. 30.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. One was wounded in his Back, the Sword penetrating as far as to the left Pap; and though a great deal of Blood i&s;&s;ued out of the Wound, yet on the third day he breathed difficultly, and had a very great pain near his Midriff. Therefore his Brea&s;t was opened betwixt the third and fourth Rib, that the Matter contain'd in his Brea&s;t might be evacuated: When the Perforation was made, there flow'd out of the Wound but three or four drops of Blood. Which I would have to be there|fore noted, becau&s;e &s;ome &s;ay that a great flux of Blood is cau&s;ed through cutting the Interco&s;tal Ve&s;|&s;els. Yet I will not deny, that &s;ometimes, e&s;pe|cially in the Cholerick, there follows &s;uch a flux of Blood into the Cavity, when a Vein or Artery is cut, which yet may be ea&s;ily avoided by &s;uch a Knife as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> and <HI>Paulus</HI> call a <HI>Spatha.</HI> Suppo&s;e an Interco&s;tal Vein or Artery be hurt, what matters it? for little or no Blood can be retained becau&s;e of the Perforation that is made there: and if it &s;hould be retained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scoltet. ob&s;. 43.</NOTE> the next day it will flow out again when the Wound is dre&s;t.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When no Blood i&s;&s;ues forth in Wounds of the Brea&s;t, that it may not flow into the Cavity, put into the Mouth under the Tongue one grain of Mo&s;ch, and the Blood will pre&s;ently i&s;&s;ue forth of the Wound, which is reputed a Secret, &s;ays <HI>Sen|nertus, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>pract.</HI> From whence collect, that Mo&s;ch is to be avoided in any Hemorrhage where we would &s;tanch the Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer. Het. Medic. lib. 2. c. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Seeing the dignity of the Heart is very great, as being a principal part, 'tis manife&s;t that <HI>Wounds</HI> in the Brea&s;t are more dangerous than others; whence a doubt ari&s;es, whether the &s;ame be to be treated like others, and like them be to be clo&s;ed up as &s;oon as may be. Some are plea&s;ed with the affirmative becau&s;e of the noblene&s;s of the part, in regard whereof we mu&s;t have &s;ingular care, that the fountain of heat be not hurt by be|ing expo&s;ed to External Injuries; and therefore they endeavour to clo&s;e up &s;uch Wounds with all the Art that may be. But &s;eeing Wounds of the Brea&s;t pour out daily &s;uch a deal of Matter, as we hardly ob&s;erve to i&s;&s;ue from the Wounds of any other part, becau&s;e Nature, both for pre&s;ervation of the Part, and becau&s;e of the Pain, &s;ends daily very much Blood thither, which being tainted with malignity and filth, or not altered through the weakne&s;s of the Part, is quickly corrupted; I &s;ay on this account I am of opinion that &s;uch Wounds ought to be kept long open, that there may lie open an exit for the corrupted Blood and Matter: for the Blood being retained preternaturally, or any corrupt Humour, will become the cau&s;e of greater mi&s;chief. Whence <HI>Pareus (lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 31.) adds for a deci&s;ion of this Ca&s;e, that the former Opinion is true when no Preternatural Humour is contained any longer in the Brea&s;t; but the later, when the Cavity of the Brea&s;t is filled with Matter and Clods of Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. Dec. 5. probl. 5.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. The opening of a <HI>Vomica</HI> or Impo&s;thume is not to be deferred,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmet. Enchir. p. 147.</NOTE> le&s;t there ari&s;e a Fi&s;tulous Ul|cer, or rottenne&s;s in the Bones, which I have oft &s;een happen to many.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Pedum <HI>affectus,</HI> or Di&s;tempers of the Feet.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A cruel Pain cured by a Cautery. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Sweat and Stinking of the Feet is to be cautiou&s;ly &s;topt. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Woman for five years together was ta|ken two or three times a day with a very cruel Pain in the Soal of her left Foot: it ro&s;e from a thick <HI>Flatus,</HI> mixt with tough Phlegm, a weakne&s;s of the part accompanying, with heat, redne&s;s, hardne&s;s: Many Remedies being u&s;ed in vain, at la&s;t an actual Cautery is affixed to the Pained Part: after the falling off of the E&s;char there flow'd for fifteen days a virulent Matter in great plenty,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. prax. adm. p. 2. ob&s;. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t.</NOTE> and the Patient was freed of her Pain.</P>
<P N="2">II. Seeing Excrements are collected about the Extremities of our Bodies, the Hands and Feet, as the mo&s;t remote from the Heart, more naturally or plentifully than in any other parts of the Limbs, &s;o that our Hands grow dirty, and our Feet are almo&s;t cru&s;ted over with virulent and &s;tinking <HI>Sordes,</HI> we mu&s;t be very careful not to hinder the u&s;ual defecation there. Wherefore &s;uch as pull not off their Boots or Shoes when they go to &s;leep, do great injury to their Feet: And tho&s;e con&s;ult ill for their health, who to hinder the &s;tinking of their Feet, put in their Shoes Myrtle Leaves, Filings of Iron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For as the Arteries endeavour to di&s;charge them&s;elves of their Excrements in the&s;e parts; &s;o when the Defecation (as I may call it) is hindred any way, the Veins are made to ab&s;orb the &s;ame together with the Arterial Blood, which is carried back to the Heart by means of the Cir|culation, and wants &s;till to be defecated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Paull quadr. bot.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Penis <HI>affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Tard.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Caution in cutting off part of the Tard when it is gangren'd. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not after Section u&s;e an actual Cautery to &s;tanch the Blood. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Cathereticks in rooting out of <HI>Caruncles. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about taking away a Caruncle. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Penetration by Ru&s;hes is dangerous. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution in putting up a <HI>Catheter. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Caruncle may be con&s;umed without injuring the <HI>Urethra. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Quick-Silver and Precipitate &s;afely, cure a <HI>Caries</HI> of the Yard. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Cry&s;talline Bladder</HI> of the <HI>Glans. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &V;lcers of the <HI>Glans</HI> are to be handled gently. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Phimo&s;is. XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Prepuce grows to the <HI>Glans,</HI> they are to be very warily parted the one from the other. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a <HI>Node</HI> of the <HI>Yard</HI> is to be cured. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Phimo&s;is</HI> and <HI>Paraphimo&s;is</HI> when cau&s;ed by a whol&s;om <HI>Coitus. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure thereof when gotten by a Clap. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coolers and Repellers are not to be u&s;ed in the begin|ning. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Paraphimo&s;is</HI> in Infants. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF any Portion be to be cut off from a <HI>Gan|gren'd Yard,</HI> we ought pre&s;ently to put into the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> &s;ome Pipe, or a Wax Candle for Pi&s;&s;ing; otherwi&s;e all that which remains of the &s;ub&s;tance of the Yard, retires within the Body, &s;o that thereby the Urine cannot pa&s;s forth. The Erection of the Yard peri&s;hes by the Inci&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus, meth. mod. p. 157.</NOTE> for the Spirits can no longer be retained in the Nervous Bodies.</P>
<P N="2">II. When the Yard is cut off, an <HI>actual Cautery</HI> for &s;tanching the Blood is very dangerous, both becau&s;e it ob&s;tructs the Urinary Pa&s;&s;age, and al&s;o is apt to cau&s;e an Inflammation in the Bladder and
<PB N="484" REF="214"> Circumjacent parts. I order my Servants to take care of &s;tanching the Blood, by holding continu|ally (one after another) Stupes to the part wet in Water and Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildan. cent. 3. ob&s;. 88.</NOTE> and be&s;prinkled with an a&s;tringent Pouder.</P>
<P N="3">III. To root out <HI>Caruncles</HI> in the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> many do too boldly put up Wax Candles be&s;meared with Corroding Medicines; by the over great biting whereof, I have not only &s;een lo&s;s of &s;ub&s;tance in the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">H. a Moini|chen, ob&s;. 17.</NOTE> but al&s;o a Gangrene, which infected not only the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> but al&s;o the in&s;ide of each Thigh, and con&s;umed the&s;e parts with a foul Mor|tification to the de&s;truction of the Patient. &para; A Noble Per&s;on being troubled with a Caruncle from a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> when the Surgeon had inje|cted with a Syringe a &s;harp Liquor into the Urinary pa&s;&s;age, there pre&s;ently aro&s;e a great Pain: where|upon followed an Inflammation and a Fever, his Urine was quite &s;uppre&s;s'd,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildan. cent. 4. ob&s; 54.</NOTE> and he died in a few days.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The original of a <HI>Caruncle</HI> in the <HI>Yard</HI> is &s;ometimes to be attributed to a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> in the inflammatory &s;tiffne&s;s whereof, the Chord, as the Vulgar call it, being broken in Copulation, or to &s;peak more artificially, the Membrane of the <HI>&V;re|thra</HI> being torn, which is contracted and m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">de &s;horter by force of the Inflammation and Tumour, after a large Hemorrhage (&s;uch as is u&s;ual upon tho&s;e &s;trainings and violent tearings) there re|mains an Ulcer, out of which by degrees there ari&s;es a <HI>Fungus,</HI> namely, a Preternatural Tumour and Di&s;ea&s;e in the Urinary Pa&s;&s;age, that cannot be &s;afely and certainly rooted out any other way than by &s;uch Medicins as con&s;ume it by immediate contact. Tho&s;e Spongy <HI>Thymus</HI>'s u&s;e to run with a Purulent Matter, which has generally been taken for a <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> by &s;uch as have le&s;s accurately con|&s;ider'd the &s;ource of this Malady. Hence there appear Threeds of <HI>Pus</HI> floating in the Urine, part of which Matter I think al&s;o to flow from the Pro|&s;tates, which have been afflicted a long time by an <HI>Intemperies,</HI> not wanting Malignity, de&s;tructive of the Natural Heat, and injurious to all the Functi|ons. I cured a Nobleman that had been afflicted fifteen years with &s;uch a Caruncle: Con&s;idering di|ligently all the difficulties, but e&s;pecially his de|licate Nature, the mo&s;t exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e whereof reputed even the ea&s;ie&s;t Chirurgical Remedies for the cruelle&s;t Torments, I put mine hand to the work, and having premi&s;ed Univer&s;als, I con&s;umed the whole Caruncle with little pain by an often re|peated application of a Catheretick by a Wax-Candle: it was pretty hard, and three Fingers breadth long, po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing almo&s;t half the length of the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI> The nearne&s;s of the neck of the Bladder gave me no &s;mall trouble, when I came to the end; but e&s;pecially that &s;mall Tubercle, which by a gaping mouth gives pa&s;&s;age to the Seed into the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> who&s;e bulk being increa&s;ed by an afflux of Humours, would have impos'd upon an unskilful Arti&s;t, and per&s;uaded the further u&s;e of eating Medicines. But take this as a Secret from me in the Cure of a Caruncle, That 'tis better cured by delay than ha&s;te. As often as the lips of the Ulcer &s;well being irritated by Medicines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Theodor. de Mayerne, tract. de Arthrit. p. 145.</NOTE> they fall again by the application of Lenients, and (which is &s;trange) the mo&s;t pertinacious ob&s;tacles vani&s;h of them&s;elves in a few days.</P>
<P N="5">V. Becau&s;e it happens &s;ometimes in a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, that there are found a great many Ca|runcles that hinder its pa&s;&s;age and the application of Medicines, if neither Baths, nor Anointings, nor Candles do good, &s;ome endeavour to make a Penetration by the &s;harp end of a Ru&s;h, putting a Corroding Medicin upon the top of it, and &s;o by degrees penetrating the Caruncles. Which manner of Operation is not well approved of,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca. con&s;. 36. tom. 1.</NOTE> becau&s;e there is danger the Ru&s;h may break.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Within the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> behind the Pro&s;tates there is a Caruncle placed at the Orifice of both Ejaculatory Ve&s;&s;els, which like a Valve &s;huts both Orifices, le&s;t the Urine being poured out into the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> flow back again into the Seminary Ve&s;&s;els, or le&s;t the Seed &s;hould flow forth involuntarily: Ignorant Surgeons hitting upon this with a Cathe|ter, which it will not &s;uffer to pa&s;s further, e&s;teem it a Caruncle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. in Anthropo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> which being eroded by Cau&s;ticks breeds a perpetual <HI>Gonorrhoea.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. There often ari&s;es a <HI>Caruncle</HI> from an Ul|cer of the Urinary pa&s;&s;age, and it is &s;ometimes &s;o increa&s;ed as to &s;uppre&s;s the Urine: This mu&s;t be extirpated by Manual Operation and fit Medicins, which have an eroding vertue. But le&s;t other parts al&s;o in the Urinary pa&s;&s;age be eroded, or the Urine as it runs forth &s;hould wa&s;h off the Medicin that is applied to the Caruncle, <HI>Aquapendent</HI> hath in|vented an In&s;trument by the help whereof nothing but the Caruncle is eaten, and provi&s;ion is made that the Medicin that is applied to the Caruncle cannot be wa&s;ht off by the Urine that is often made. Let a <HI>Cannula</HI> be made of a Linnen Rag be&s;mear'd with White Wax, (a Fingers breadth long, and &s;o broad as to equal a Silver Catheter) and let a long Threed be well fa&s;ten'd to it. Let this <HI>Cannula</HI> be fir&s;t &s;mear'd over with <HI>Prevotius</HI>'s Eroding Me|dicin, <HI>(viz. Take of Honey burnt to a&s;hes, Tutty prepared, fre&s;h Butter wa&s;ht in Plantane Water, Turpentine al&s;o wa&s;ht, yellow Wax, of each half an ounce, of burnt Alum half a drachm, mix them, make a Liniment)</HI> and then be fitted to a Probe &s;tanding out of a Silver Pipe, and together with the Silver Pipe and Probe let it be put up the Uri|nary pa&s;&s;age till it come at the Caruncle, and when it is ju&s;t in the &s;eat of the Caruncle, let the Silver Pipe with the Probe be drawn back again, but let the <HI>Cannula</HI> (made of a Linnen Rag Waxed over) be left in the pa&s;&s;age, that the Urine may be ex|pelled through it, and that it may al&s;o hinder the Medicin that is applied to the Caruncle from being wa&s;ht off by the Urine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Ar|mam. tab. 40.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. I u&s;e <HI>Precipitate</HI> &s;afely in <HI>Caries</HI> about the <HI>Glans,</HI> &s;ometimes alone without mixing any thing with it, having reduc'd it into Pouder, when the <HI>Caries</HI> is pertinacious: Sometimes I mix it with Butter, or the Ointment of Ro&s;es: and &s;ometimes I make it up in this form, wherein it cures all Inter|nal <HI>Caries. Take of the Oyl of Sweet Almonds, of Oyl Omphacine, of</HI> Unguentum Re&s;mum, <HI>of each &s;ix drachms, of the Pouder of Precipitate one drachm, a little Wax,</HI> and make an Ointment, and &s;pread it on the fine&s;t Linnen. <HI>&V;ngu. Re&s;inum</HI> is made of Oyl, the Ro&s;in of the Pine, Turpentine and Wax. Precipitate being u&s;ed thus, there is no danger it &s;hould repell the Malignant Vapour inwards, as <HI>Petronius</HI> thought, becau&s;e of the Quick-Silver, becau&s;e, as he &s;ays, it drives the Taint or Infecti|on to the upper parts. Yea, if Precipitate &s;hould be u&s;ed alone, there would be no danger hereof; for though it be made of Quick-Silver, yet from the <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> whereby it is made, it has an at|tractive vertue: yea, I al&s;o approve of the u&s;e of Quick-Silver, where Precipitate, becau&s;e of the Malignity of the Ulcers, is not &s;ufficient, becau&s;e it appears by Experience that either of them do very well cure the&s;e Ulcers. Nor is there any dan|ger the Poi&s;on &s;hould be driven inwards, for we find it not to happen: nor can Quick-Silver in &s;o &s;mall a quantity drive the Matter to the upper parts. Dulcified Precipitate, called <HI>Turbith Minerale,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;eca, con&s;ult. 34. tom. 1.</NOTE> is al&s;o very good.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A <HI>Cry&s;talline Bladder</HI> upon the <HI>Glans</HI> of the Yard is one of the Symptoms of the Pox, which unle&s;s it be well cured, u&s;es to cau&s;e death. Now it by no means endures the Knife, only the Spirit of Tabaco is to be commended in this ca&s;e; with which if it be but wet over five times at mo&s;t, it dies and utterly wa&s;tes away. But let this be done
<PB N="485" REF="214"> when the Patient is lying,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. prax. chym. c 233 &s;ect. 34.</NOTE> unle&s;s you would have him fa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l Convul&s;ed.</P>
<P N="10">X. In curing <HI>&V;lcers</HI> of the <HI>Glans</HI> and <HI>Prepuce,</HI> many mi&s;take much while they wa&s;h the Ulcers with <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> as they call it, al&s;o with the Water of Plantane, with Vitriol, Alum, Verdegrie&s;e, <HI>&V;ngu. Aegyptiacum, &amp;c.</HI> and apply other acrimo|nious things: for by this means they add mi&s;chief to mi&s;chief, &s;eeing the Pain which they rai&s;e by tho&s;e Acrimonious Medicins, draws many Humours from the Body to the part affected; whence pro|ceeds an Inflammation, and other Symptoms &s;uc|ceed daily.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. cent. 5. ob&s;. 57.</NOTE> Wherefore &s;uch Ulcers are to be treated gently.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Of the Cure of a <HI>Phimo&s;is</HI> (or too great &s;traitne&s;s of the Prepuce) <HI>Pareus</HI> writes very well: There is no danger in the cutting of it, if the Prepuce cleave not to the <HI>Glans,</HI> for then the Cure is attempted in vain. But if the Prepuce be only too &s;trait, and free from the <HI>Glans,</HI> then marking the place how far the Inci&s;ion ought to be made, the Prepuce is extended, and the work is done by one inci&s;ion lengthways of it; yet with this Cau|tion, that the greater <HI>Vena Pudenda</HI> be not hurt, which being vi&s;ible enough, the Surgeon cannot but &s;ee. The Inci&s;ion being made, the head of the Yard &s;truts out, being freed from all impedi|ments.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amman. medic. Crit. p. 141.</NOTE> But care mu&s;t be taken that the Di&s;&s;ected parts of the Prepuce grow not together again, but that they be skinned over apart.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The <HI>Coherence</HI> of the <HI>Prepuce</HI> with the <HI>Glans</HI> happens two ways. 1. Through an Ulcer of tho&s;e two parts: For in the curing of the Ulcers thereof, they are apt to grow together, e&s;pecially in Children, &s;o that the Prepuce cannot after|wards be drawn back from off the <HI>Glans.</HI> In &s;uch Ulcers I u&s;e to put betwixt them a thin plate of Lead bended; &s;ometimes I &s;prinkle thereon plen|tifully &s;ome drying Pouder, as of burnt Lead, Litharge, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. From the fir&s;t Conformation of them. Now when it is nece&s;&s;ary to cut this band in &s;under, we mu&s;t &s;ee that neither the Pre|puce, nor much le&s;s the <HI>Glans</HI> be touched, e&s;pe|cially if the band be in the lowe&s;t or undermo&s;t part of the <HI>Glans,</HI> for in that place the Urinary Duct may be ea&s;ily cut into, and thereby a hole be made through which the &s;eed and Urine will i&s;&s;ue. Wherefore if one cannot be avoided, ra|ther cut &s;omewhat off the Prepuce than off the <HI>Glans;</HI> for though the Prepuce &s;hould be perfo|rated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. cent. 3. ob&s;. 54.</NOTE> yet the inconvenience would not be compa|rable to the perforation of the Urinary Pa&s;&s;age.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. There &s;ometimes happens an odd kind of Di&s;temper to tho&s;e who are too much addicted to Venery; &s;ome call it a <HI>Node of the Yard:</HI> though when that is faln and become flaggy, there appear nothing ami&s;s, yet he that handles the part through|ly may perceive a certain &s;mall Tumour re&s;embling a Bean or Glandule. I have known &s;everal that have been ignorant of the Cau&s;e, apply Emollients hereto, thinking to di&s;cu&s;s that hardi&s;h &s;ub&s;tance, as if it were filled with &s;ome Humour: But they have been &s;o far from di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;ar Arantius, l. de Tumor. cap. 50. Sennert. pract. l. 4. part. 9. &s;. 1. c. 8.</NOTE> that the Pa|tients have daily grown wor&s;e, their Yard bending like a Rams Horn to that &s;ide where the Tumour was, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho&s;e things therefore are to be u&s;ed which are pre&s;cribed for a Rupture of the Navel or other Ruptures, A&s;tringent Fomentations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="14">XIV. If a <HI>Phimo&s;is</HI> and <HI>Paraphimo&s;is</HI> proceed from a vehement <HI>Corius,</HI> the <HI>Glans</HI> remaining &s;till tumefied, if it be fomented a good while with very cold Water, it will detumefie, and then the Pre|puce may ea&s;ily be drawn over the <HI>Glans.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. Anat. l. 2. c. 31.</NOTE> This is an admirable Secret.</P>
<P N="15">XV. I knew a Surgeon in <HI>Holland,</HI> that to &s;uch as were troubled with a virulent <HI>Phimo&s;is</HI> and <HI>Pa|raphimo&s;is</HI> gave pre&s;ently at the beginning an infu|&s;ion of <HI>Stibium Hyacinthinum,</HI> which is not much to be found fault with in the &s;trong and Phlegma|tick, e&s;pecially if <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> &s;hould be u&s;ed in &s;tead of <HI>Stibium;</HI> for it not only ev<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cuates the offending Matter, but al&s;o revels from the part af|fected: but in the wa&s;ted and weak, Practitioners know it to be no &s;afe Medicin. And we mu&s;t di|ligently al&s;o con&s;ider whether the Whore had the Pox, for then we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from the <HI>Crocus Me|tallorum,</HI> becau&s;e with a certain violence it draws even from the remote&s;t parts to the centre of the Body, as al&s;o from all Medicins that purge vio|lently by Vomit, le&s;t the offending Matter be drawn from the Genitals to the Liver, and an uni|ver&s;al Di&s;ea&s;e be made of a particular one, which I have ob&s;erved to happen in &s;ome.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. cent. 5. ob&s;. 57.</NOTE> 'Tis better therefore, as I have always done with the greate&s;t &s;ucce&s;s, to purge the Body gently.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Some (becau&s;e they &s;ee an Inflammation pre&s;ent) do forthwith apply Coolers and Repel|lers to the part affected; but they do ill; for by that means they repel the viru ent and malignant Matter contracted from impure Embraces, and ri|vet it as it were into the part, whence afterwards there ari&s;e virulent and malignant Ulcers. But in re&s;pect of the Pain, which is the principal &s;ym|ptom, I apply an Anodyne Catapla&s;m, of the Flowr of Beans and Barley, the Seeds of Quinces and Fenugreek, Red Ro&s;e Leaves pouder'd, Saffron and Milk, with the Yelks of Eggs; anointing the whole Yard, unle&s;s the vehemence of the Inflam|mation hinder, (for Oyl is bad for Inflammations, as <HI>Galen</HI> teacheth) with this Oyl: Take of Oyl of Sweet Almonds newly drawn, and of Ro&s;es, of each an ounce, of the Yelks of Eggs half an ounce: Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. It happens &s;ometimes that from the bad Diet of the Nur&s;e an Acrimonious Humour falls upon the <HI>Genitals of the Infant,</HI> and there cau&s;es an itching, and upon rubbing of the part there hap|pens a <HI>Paraphimo&s;is,</HI> (that is, the Prepuce turns back to behind the <HI>Glans,</HI> and cannot be drawn over it again) the Humours flowing together be|twixt the <HI>Glans</HI> and Prepuce; yea, there &s;ome|times happens an Inflammation from the Acrimony of the Urine. Some fooli&s;h Barbers cruelly handle Infants thus di&s;ea&s;ed with deep Scarifications and applications of Acrimoniou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Medicins. There|fore I will here &s;et down the Remedies whereby I have cured many. I fir&s;t pre&s;cribe to the Nur&s;e a thin and cooling Diet; then I purge her accord|ing to the nature of the predominant Humour. But if the Child be weaned, I give it at &s;everal times from one to three drachms of the compound Syrup of Ro&s;es Solutive. If the Nur&s;e be Ple|thorick, after purging her I bleed her. From the beginning, if there be Pain and Inflammation, I apply this Catapla&s;m: Take of the Crumb of White Bread three ounces, the Pouder of Ro&s;es and Balau&s;tins of each two drachms, of Saffron a &s;cruple, of fre&s;h Butter an ounce, of Cows Milk as much as &s;uffices, with the Yelk of an Egg make a Catapla&s;m. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be &s;tubborn I u&s;e the following; Take of Bean-Flowr two ounces, the Pouder of the tops of Wormwood, Chamo|mel Flowers, Elder Flowers, of each three drachms, of the Pouder of Fenugreek Seed two drachms, of Cummin Seed three drachms, boil them in har&s;h Wine and make a Catapla&s;m. If there be Excoriation, in &s;tead of the Wine I u&s;e a Decoction of the Flowers of Chamomel, Melilot, Elder, and Ro&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid. ob&s;. 58.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="215">
<HEAD><HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> or Inflammation of the Lungs.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether a <HI>Vein</HI> be to be <HI>opened. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleed freely. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blood is to be let till its colour change. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let the Orifice be large, and the Blood &s;uffer'd to run out in one continued Stream. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es</HI> ought to be applied fir&s;t to the Arms, and afterwards to the Brea&s;t and Back. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Purging</HI> is &s;ometimes good in the beginning. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes in the progre&s;s. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging and <HI>Vomits</HI> generally do harm. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cly&s;ters</HI> ought to be often injected, but &s;uch as are gentle. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let <HI>Expectoraters</HI> be alter'd according to the &s;tate or &s;ea&s;on of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Incra&s;&s;ating <HI>Ecleg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s</HI> are prudently to be admini&s;tred. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot <HI>Attenuaters</HI> do hurt. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether drinking of <HI>cold Water</HI> be good. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>&s;weet</HI> things be to be given. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Patients may be allowed to <HI>drink</HI> freely. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Wine</HI> be to be granted. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The application of <HI>Repellents</HI> does harm. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to remedy <HI>Vigiliae</HI> or want of &s;leep in this Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THere is no &s;mall di&s;pute concerning <HI>Phlebotomy,</HI> for 'tis written that Blood is to be let out by common Veins; whereas no Vein that u&s;es to be opened has any communication with the Veins of the Lungs: nor are any branches di&s;tributed to the Lungs from the <HI>Vena Cava,</HI> as <HI>Galen</HI> has in &s;everal places di&s;puted again&s;t <HI>Era&s;i|&s;tratus.</HI> Be&s;ides, the motion of Nature &s;hews this; for whereas in Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> and burning Fevers, bleeding at the No&s;e is Critical, it is not &s;o in a Peripneumony, becau&s;e the Veins of the No&s;e that pour forth the Blood, have no commu|nication with the Lungs. If it be true that the Blood does naturally pa&s;s from the right Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs, and from thence is brought back into the left Ventricle, that it may be &s;ent forth by the <HI>Aorta;</HI> and if the Circulation of the Blood be admitted, who &s;ees not, that in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs the Blood flows thither in greater plenty, and oppre&s;&s;es the Lungs, unle&s;s it be fir&s;t evacuated, freely, and afterwards often a little at a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ime, to relieve them? This was <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI>'<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> way, who when the Lungs are &s;woln draws Blood from all the parts of the Body, the Head, No&s;e, Tongue, Arms, and Feet, that the quantity thereof may be le&s;&s;ened, and it may be revelled from the Lungs. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs he bids us Bleed as long almo&s;t as there is any Blood in the Body. The Circulation of the Blood being &s;uppo&s;ed, the Lungs are ea&s;ily emptied by Vene|&s;ection: if it be denied, I &s;ee not how the Blood can be revelled thence: for if it be to flow back again into the right Ventricle by the <HI>Vena Arterio&s;a,</HI> the <HI>Sigmoides</HI> Valves hinder; and the three point|ed Valves &s;top its regre&s;s into the <HI>Cava</HI> out of the right Ventricle. There<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ore by the Circulation the Blood is exhau&s;ted thence by opening the Veins of the Arm and Foot;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> and the Opinion of <HI>Fernelius</HI> is withal de&s;troyed, <HI>viz.</HI> That in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs Blood is rather to be drawn from the right Arm than the left, becau&s;e the Blood cannot pa&s;s back into the <HI>Cava</HI> but by breaking through two &s;tops and ob&s;tacles placed in the Heart.</P>
<P N="2">II. And if Blood be to be let at <HI>&s;everal times</HI> and not all at once, for fear of &s;wooning, yet it is to be let pretty freely for the fir&s;t time: for un|le&s;s there be a plentiful bleeding on the fir&s;t days, &s;uppuration is to be feared. But when the Lungs abound with much Blood, we ought not to be afraid of opening a Vein three, four, five, or &s;ix times: Yet if it &s;ucceed a Quin&s;y or Pleuri&s;y,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. med. pract.</NOTE> we mu&s;t take greater care how we Bleed.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Phlebotomy</HI> is requi&s;ite in almo&s;t every Peri|pneumony, yea, &s;ometimes it ought to be repeated often: for the Ve&s;&s;els being emptied of Blood do not only withdraw the <HI>fomes</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but al&s;o re&s;orb the Matter &s;ettled in the part affected. Now in a Peripneumony, as al&s;o in a Pleuri&s;y, the Blood that is taken away, after it is cold, has a tough and di&s;colour'd thin skin on its &s;urface. Further we may ob&s;erve that &s;ometimes all the Blood, and &s;ometimes only a portion of it under|goes this change: for if the Blood be received into three or four Porringers, it will appear bad &s;ome|times in all, but mo&s;t commonly in the &s;econd and third, and pretty good in the fir&s;t and la&s;t. Where|fore 'tis commonly advi&s;ed to bleed always &s;o long till that which is &s;o depraved &s;hall begin to run out, and, if the &s;trength will endure it, to let the Blood continue to run till it appear good again. Indeed as frequent Experience, &s;o likewi&s;e Rea&s;on does well enough approve of this practice: in as much as in this Di&s;ea&s;e the whole Blood does not pre&s;ently acquire that lentor or &s;limine&s;s; the portions that are fir&s;t depraved are mo&s;tly gather'd together about the place of ob&s;truction, and &s;tick all about in the le&s;&s;er Ve&s;&s;els. Wherefore the Blood that fir&s;t comes out will often be faultle&s;s; but then the Ve&s;&s;els being emptied will receive the other Morbifick Blood that &s;tagnated before, and re&s;tore it to the Circulation: And &s;eeing its por|tions that are placed near, march all in a body as it were, when they arrive at the Orifice of the Vein they will i&s;&s;ue out together, and when they are i&s;|&s;ued forth, that which comes after pre&s;ently ap|pears purer.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Wherefore in this ca&s;e let the <HI>Orifice</HI> be al|ways <HI>large,</HI> and let the Blood not only i&s;&s;ue forth in a full, but al&s;o in a continued Stream: for other|wi&s;e if in the middle of the bleeding, whil&s;t the naughty Blood is running out, the Orifice be &s;topt with ones Finger, (as &s;ome u&s;e to do le&s;t the Spi|rits &s;hould fail) when it is opened again, the Blood that comes out next will be pure enough, the bad Blood, if there &s;hall be any behind, having &s;lid by and will not return pre&s;ently to the Orifice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If it be feared le&s;t the &s;trength &s;hould be ca&s;t down by <HI>Vene&s;ection,</HI> one may apply <HI>Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es</HI> with <HI>Scarification</HI> to the Arms and Brea&s;t, which draw the Blood from the depth of the Brea&s;t to the Skin and External parts. Yet 'tis convenient they &s;hould be fir&s;t applied to the Mu&s;cles of the Arms, that the Blood may in &s;ome mea&s;ure be eva|cuated and averted from the Lungs; and after|wards to the Shoulder-Blades, and to the Brea&s;t if it be fle&s;hy. For though it &s;eem to be a near place, yet it is at &s;ome di&s;tance from the Lungs, and the Attraction is made from the inner parts to the outer.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; For Diver&s;ion <HI>Aretaeus</HI> &s;ub&s;tituted empty Cup|ping-Gla&s;&s;es in &s;tead of Vene&s;ection, ordering them to be applied to the B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ck and other parts of the Body; and for derivation, to the Brea&s;t and Sides. <HI>Paulus</HI> propo&s;es Scarified ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, con&s;. 49. cent. 1.</NOTE> which yet are not to be applied but to the deplorable. &para; If the Body be fle&s;hy, &s;o that the Cupping-Gla&s;s when it is &s;et on will not afflict the Skin that inve&s;ts the Bones, there apply one: for by that means the Hu|mours will be drawn a&s;ide to any part of the Body, and the Spirits are called out to the outer parts, whereby the Lungs are oppre&s;&s;ed. Nor do I ap|prove of their Opinion, who when there wants &s;ufficient &s;trength for Vene&s;ection at the beginning, &s;upply it with Scarified Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es applied to the Brea&s;t and Back, &s;eeing <HI>Galen</HI> is altogether again&s;t it, 11. <HI>Meth c.</HI> 17. and 13. <HI>cap.</HI> 19. For at that time it will be &s;ufficient to fa&s;ten them fir&s;t
<PB N="487" REF="215"> to the Mu&s;cles of the Arms, that the flowing Hu|mour may after &s;ome &s;ort be evacuated and di|verted; and afterwards let them be applied to the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> if, as was &s;aid before, the Body be fle&s;hy.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Purging</HI> is &s;ometimes convenient in a Peri|pneumony before the &s;eventh day, though it be then thought pernicious. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> &s;ixty years of age was ill of a Phlegmatick Peripneumony, which was known by a Cough, difficulty of breathing, a Fever, a pain under the left Shoulder, and a flu&s;h|ing in his Face. And whereas he &s;eem'd to be full of much Phlegm, and had vomited up a pretty quantity thereof, and had had three or four Stools by a Cly&s;ter which had been injected, the next day after bleeding (which he did but once) a Purge was given him of an infu&s;ion of Rhubarb with Manna and Syrup of Ro&s;es, by which he was very well purged on the fourth day of his illne&s;s, and the next day after was freed from his Fever and the other Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 1. ob&s;. 98.</NOTE> &para; The <HI>impetus</HI> of the Matter is to be revoked by pretty &s;harp Cly&s;ters, and the plenty of Crude Humours to be le&s;&s;ened thereby. But we mu&s;t take heed of di&s;turbing the Belly too much; for, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> tells us, a Flux of the Belly is dangerous in a Peripneumony, unle&s;s that be frothy which is expelled: wherefore <HI>Avicen</HI> does not commend the purging of Humours in this Di&s;ea&s;e, for the Humour being moved is exagi|tated more furiou&s;ly, and flows more plentifully into the part affected; be&s;ides that the Medicin draws nothing of that which is contained in the in|flamed part. But if it be known that the Humour is unruly and raging, or that the Body abounds with too much filth, when Blood has been let &s;ufficiently, it will not be ami&s;s to purge it off with &s;ome gentle Medicin, or by one that is pretty &s;trong,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> but in a &s;maller do&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If Matter abound in the Lungs with ratling, and cannot be brought forth by &s;pitting, and there be danger of &s;uffocation on that account, as I have &s;ometimes &s;een, then nece&s;&s;ity compels us to <HI>Eva|cuation by Stool:</HI> in which ca&s;e I have more than once tried Manna with good &s;ucce&s;s, giving it every other day, with a good deal of Whey three hours after, in Cholerick Per&s;ons; and in the Phlegmatick, with Mead made with Barley-Water, and after two hours &s;omething to eat after either of them; repeating it three or four times; For Nature when in a &s;trait &s;he is &s;olicited by a loo&s;en|ing Medicin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, con&s;. 40. cent. 2.</NOTE> provides ways for her &s;elf to &s;end the Matter by to the Guts.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. That the emptied Ve&s;&s;els may withdraw the <HI>fomes</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or re&s;orb the very Mor|bifick Matter it &s;elf, even <HI>purging</HI> is pre&s;cribed by many. In the Practice of the Ancients, after Phle|botomy, Preparers and Purgers u&s;e con&s;tantly to be pre&s;cribed again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e, as again&s;t mo&s;t others; but of late the Chymi&s;ts with greater bold|ne&s;s give <HI>Vomits,</HI> and cry them up above all other Remedies in Peripneumonies: Yea, neglecting or forbidding Phlebotomy, they place the chief &s;tre&s;s of the Cure in Stibiate Emeticks; than which ra&s;h advice of theirs I know not whether any thing can be thought upon more pernicious. In Ru&s;tick and &s;trong Bodies the&s;e Medicins are &s;ometimes given without detriment, yet generally with as little be|nefit: but in tender Con&s;titutions, they ought to be e&s;teemed hardly any better than Poi&s;on. But as to purging by Stool, though it may not be conve|nient pre&s;ently at the beginning, but always a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mo&s;t does hurt then; yet when the Fluxion of the Mor|bifick Matter is cea&s;ed, and the efferve&s;cence of the Blood allayed, we may gently empty the Body by a Solutive Medicin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. In &s;tead of Purgers let Cly&s;ters be in fre|quent, yea, generally in daily u&s;e: but let the&s;e be only Lenient and Emollient, &s;uch as may gently loo&s;en the Belly without any great agitation of the Humours or Blood, of Milk, Whey, with Brown Sugar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Syrup of Violets, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. Having in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e pre|mi&s;ed a Lenitive of Manna clarified, and the Sy|rup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, the Belly is not to be &s;o|licited afterwards, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> admoni&s;hes 3. <HI>de Morb. n.</HI> 17. but the Evacuation of the Matter is to be endeavoured to be made by &s;pitting: And as at the beginning <HI>Diapenidium,</HI> Diacodium, <HI>Dia|tragacanth. frig.</HI> red Poppy Flowers, the Wa|ters of Burnet and Ground-Ivy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are good, in as much as they &s;tay the flowing Blood and greatly cool it: &s;o in the progre&s;s thereof <HI>Take of the Ju|lap of Sorrel two ounces, of the Syrup of Mar&s;h|mallows one ounce,</HI> mix them, for a Lambitive; proceeding by degrees to Remedies that are more attenuating and expectorating. Thus <HI>Aetius</HI> gives <HI>Mul&s;a</HI> (or Mead) with Hy&s;&s;op or dried Flower-de-Luce boiled in it; and if there be danger of Suffocation, he adds Nitre al&s;o to the Decoction of Hy&s;&s;op, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, con&s;. 40. cent. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Incra&s;&s;ating Lambitives</HI> mu&s;t be very cauti|ou&s;ly admini&s;tred; for nothing happens wor&s;e to the Peripneumonick, than to be hindred from Spitting; and they are in greater danger from want of Expectoration than the Pleuritical are. Therefore if the Fluxion be very thin, I di&s;allow not of a Lambitive that con&s;i&s;ts of the Syrups of Lykyrrhize, Violets, and Jujubs, if you more|over mix therewith &s;ome of the Syrup of Vinegar or of Oxymel, that the thin Matter which is a flowing into the Lungs may be thickned; but that that which being already flown thereinto is become thick, may be attenuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. prael. pract. c. 28. l. 1.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Concerning the u&s;e of <HI>Attenuaters</HI> I al&s;o give this Advice, which I ob&s;erve all have omitted, that &s;uch Attenuating Medicins as have a notable heat are not to be u&s;ed: whereas all Writers of Phy&s;ick allow even of tho&s;e Medicins which are good in an <HI>Orthopnoea,</HI> as Flower-de-Luce, Hy&s;&s;op, Horehound, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But I do not approve of them, fir&s;t, becau&s;e they increa&s;e the Inflammation; &s;e|condly, becau&s;e they di&s;po&s;e the Lungs which are already debilitated by the Inflammation, to an Ulcer. Therefore for inciding I would not pa&s;s higher than <HI>Mul&s;a,</HI> Oxymel, or in hot Tempera|ments the Syrup of Vinegar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. For an Alterative, and to temper the fe|brile and inflammatory heat, the <HI>drinking of cold Water</HI> is propo&s;ed by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 1. <HI>Acut.</HI> 43. which yet we mu&s;t u&s;e cautiou&s;ly, and not but in an Ery&s;ipelaceous Inflammation, or only in the very beginning, le&s;t otherwi&s;e the inflamed part and the Matter it &s;elf be more and more conden&s;ed. The Whey of A&s;&s;es Milk is to be given in this ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, con&s;. 40. cent. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (2. <HI>de morb.</HI>) bids us give <HI>&s;weet &s;uppings</HI> on the fir&s;t days, that that which &s;ticks in the Lungs may be wa&s;hed out: And other|wi&s;e al&s;o &s;weet things are friendly to the Lungs. Others di&s;allow thereof, becau&s;e things that are hot and apt to turn to choler increa&s;e the Fever, and lead towards an inflammation of the Liver and Spleen: And &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> where he treats of the cure of a Pleuri&s;y, gives acid potions to make the Patient &s;pit the more ea&s;ily, the &s;ame &s;eem to be agreeable al&s;o to a Peripneumony, &s;ee|ing the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are almo&s;t cured alike. But we mu&s;t know that &s;weet things are not all of one &s;ort, for &s;ome are hotter, others rather temperate; yea, &s;ome are watry: of which the two la&s;t &s;orts cannot lightly hurt. And &s;uch as are hotter, are not gi|ven by them&s;elves alone, but are diluted with tho&s;e things which hinder them from being ea&s;ily turn'd into choler. And though &s;weet things &s;eem to of|fend the Liver more than the Lungs, (&s;eing they come to the Liver entire and but little changed, whereas but a &s;mall portion of them comes to the Lungs) it is altogether &s;afer to chu&s;e &s;weet things that are not over hot, and to give them mixt with other things. And if the Humours that are con|tained
<PB N="488" REF="216"> in the Lung<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> be pretty thick, their inciding and attenuating vertue may be increa&s;ed by mixing Acids with them: whence Oxymel mixt with Me|dicins convenient for the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, is a mo&s;t fitting Medicin to promote the Expectoration of tough Humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. cap. de Peri|pneum.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. <HI>Aetius</HI> pre&s;cribes little <HI>drink,</HI> becau&s;e moi&s;ture is hurtful to the Lungs: But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> determines the contrary, who, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de morb.</HI> &s;ays, that the Patients ought to drink off their Cups that the Lungs may be wet thereby. Rea&s;on a&s;&s;ents hereto; for in a Peripneumony, and e&s;pe|cially when choler and a too hot Blood abound, the Lungs wax dry,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salius notis in Altimar. c. 51. Merc. cap. prop.</NOTE> which Di&s;temper &s;eems to indicate moi&s;tening, which is obtained by much Drink.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Hippocrates, l.</HI> 2. <HI>de Morb. &s;.</HI> 3. makes mention of a Di&s;ea&s;e of the Lungs, not much dif|fering from a Peripneumony, which he calls a <HI>Le|thargy:</HI> The difference of which Di&s;ea&s;es con&s;i&s;ts only in the Matter. For in a Peripneumony the Humour predominantly offending is Choler, or C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">olerick Blood; but in this Di&s;ea&s;e it is Phlegm: whence as in a Peripneumony a <HI>Delirium</HI> happens through heat; &s;o in a Lethargy does there fol|low a drow&s;ine&s;s through moi&s;ture, (&s;ee the Title of the <HI>Lethargy</HI>) and from the putrefaction there accompanies it a &s;light doating. But it is not dif|ficult to reconcile the difference of this place, and <HI>lib.</HI> 3. in allowing of Wine, if we con&s;ider that 'tis &s;eldom but <HI>Hippocrates</HI> allows Wine in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, if not in re&s;pect of Drink, yet how|ever for Medicin, that Expectoration may be pro|moted, or that the vertue of Medicins may &s;ooner be brought to the Heart: On which account indeed he bids us often drink Wine after &s;uppings; which is done in this Di&s;ea&s;e; wherein, in as much as drinking of Wine is &s;u&s;pected becau&s;e of the <HI>De|lirium,</HI> he therefore forbids the drinking of it, <HI>lib.</HI> 3.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in v. 242. loc. cit.</NOTE> yet he forbids not the drinking a little quantity of it after &s;uppings, as it is a Medicin. &para; With us the drinking of Wine in a Peripneumony (yea, in almo&s;t any hot Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t) is very hurtful, as daily Experience a&s;&s;ures us, &s;o that even the very &s;cent of it offends the Patients; yea, it cannot be allowed even in the inva&s;ion of a faint|ing-fit, but it ha&s;tens the death of the Patient. Whether the Rea&s;on be the Condition of the Cli|mate or of the Wine, or &s;omewhat el&s;e, I leave to inquiry: Surely the Heart that is &s;eated near to the Lungs, &s;oon partakes of the heat that accrews from the drinking of Wine.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. As to <HI>Topicks,</HI> either none or only weak <HI>Repellents</HI> and <HI>A&s;tringents</HI> are to be applied in the beginning of the Infl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mmation, both becau&s;e of the nearne&s;s of the Heart, le&s;t the Humour be re|pelled into a principal part; and al&s;o becau&s;e of nece&s;&s;ary Re&s;piration, le&s;t the u&s;e of the Lungs be hindred by con&s;tringing the Brea&s;t. Wherefore the Oyls of Ro&s;es, Myrtles, and Violets will &s;uf|fice, with the Waters of Ro&s;es and Violets, and the Juice of Plantane.</P>
<P N="18"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmet, Enchir. p. 145.</NOTE>XVIII. The greate&s;t difficulty is, what we &s;hall give again&s;t <HI>Vigiliae</HI> or want of &s;leep, when it is very trouble&s;om; in as much as Opiats, becau&s;e they hurt Re&s;piration, which is already prejudic'd in this Di&s;ea&s;e, are not &s;a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ely taken, yea, &s;ome|times they become pernicious: wherefore <HI>Lauda|nums,</HI> and the &s;tronger Preparations of <HI>Opium</HI> ought to be utterly avoided in a Peripneumony. Yet in the mean time the milder Anodynes and Hypnoticks, as e&s;pecially the Water and Syrup of red Poppy, are not only allowed, but e&s;teemed Specifick Remedies in this Di&s;ea&s;e and the Pleuri&s;y: yea, we may &s;ometimes u&s;e Diacodiates if the Pa|tients &s;trength hold out, and the Pul&s;e be &s;trong and laudable enough.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The <HI>Phren&s;y.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In Vene&s;ection we mu&s;t take heed not to make the Ori|fice too wide. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening of the <HI>Forehead-Vein</HI> is better than of that behind the Ears. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blood is not to be let till the Patient faint away. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Cly&s;ter ought always to precede Bleeding. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep it to be procured after Bleeding. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Topicks</HI> are to be u&s;ed warily. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Elective Purg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rs are good in the beginning. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong <HI>Hypnoticks</HI> are hurtful in the beginning. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Narcoticks</HI> be &s;afe. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be given to all. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of <HI>Refrigeraters</HI> is hurtful. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Decoction of Coriander be profitable. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed of abu&s;ing cold Oxyrrbodines. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they &s;hould be applied warm or cold. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from <HI>Repellents. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Head be to be <HI>Shaven. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>young Pigeons,</HI> &amp;c. are to be applied. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of <HI>wa&s;hing the Legs. XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Great regard is to be had to the &s;trength. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some have been cured of Phren&s;ies by being plunged in cold Water. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of <HI>Wine</HI> may be granted. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Frantick People are to be kept in the light or in the dark. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be bound. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Urine</HI> is to be provoked when &s;uppre&s;&s;ed. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN all <HI>Vene&s;ection</HI> that is made in a <HI>Delirium,</HI> we mu&s;t ob&s;erve this, not to make a large Orifice: for &s;o it will clo&s;e again; for which end it is to be accurately bound up, that it may not be loo&s;ened by the Patient. Al&s;o for the quicker clo&s;ing up thereof, 'twill be profitable to apply a Plai&s;ter made of Aloes, the White of an Egg, and Hares Wooll.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Among deriving Medicins the opening of the <HI>Forehead-Vein</HI> has place, out of which Blood is to be taken to five or &s;ix ounces, which has good &s;ucce&s;s, when Blood enough has fir&s;t been taken out of the Veins of the Arm. Let Leeches al&s;o be applied behind the Ears, which Remedy is profi|table indeed, but le&s;s effectual than the former, becau&s;e by the Leeches the mo&s;t thin portion of the Blood is only drawn forth, whereas by the Forehead-Vein there is &s;ometimes drawn out in a Phren&s;y a more impure and corrupt Blood than out of the Vein of the Arm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, l. 17. c. 1.</NOTE> See an Example in <HI>Heurnius, aphor.</HI> 72. 4.</P>
<P N="3">III. Though plentiful <HI>Bleeding</HI> be requi&s;ite, e&s;|pecially if Blood abound, the Inflammation but beginning, and the Phren&s;y proceed from no other Di&s;ea&s;e; yet mu&s;t we not, as &s;ome <HI>Arabians</HI> ad|vi&s;e, bleed till the Patient faint away, le&s;t the Spirits fail which are weak of them&s;elves from want of &s;leep and continual re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, and which cannot expect to be recruited by a little fuller Diet: &s;o that 'tis &s;afer to bleed a little at once &s;everal times.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. We may admini&s;ter a Cly&s;ter after Bleeding: for if one be called in the morning on the fir&s;t day of the Di&s;ea&s;e, he may pre&s;ently open a Vein without delay, though a Cly&s;ter be not fir&s;t given, &s;eeing there is danger le&s;t the Matter be carried plentifully to the Head. For, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, <HI>(lib. de rat. vict.)</HI> we may open a Vein without premi&s;ing a Cly&s;ter, in ca&s;e of urgent nece&s;&s;ity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. pract l. 1. c. 15.</NOTE> But if any truce be granted, let a Cly&s;ter be fir&s;t given.</P>
<P N="5"><PB N="489" REF="216">V. Let great care be taken to <HI>procure &s;leep</HI> the next night after Blood-letting: for after the Blood is evacuated, if the Patients do not &s;leep, they grow more raging. Therefore give <HI>Diacodium</HI> with the Juice or Water of Pti&s;an;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius. Riverius.</NOTE> for often after &s;leep they come to them&s;elves again.</P>
<P N="6">VI. See that <HI>Stupefiers</HI> be not u&s;ed continually, le&s;t the Phren&s;y turn to a Lethargy. Let Exter|nals al&s;o be warily applied to tho&s;e who&s;e Spirits are low,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. pract. Chy|miatr. c. 8. &s;ect. 9.</NOTE> le&s;t the Matter be coagulated in the Head, and through weakne&s;s of the Faculties cannot af|terwards be re&s;olved and di&s;&s;ipated.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Some think we ought to ab&s;tain from Me|dicines that <HI>purge electively,</HI> becau&s;e the Matter is Crude, and the Vitious Humour not as yet &s;epa|rated from the good; which if it be agitated, will ru&s;h the &s;ooner and with the greater violence to the Head. Others on the contrary hope for more be|nefit from the evacuation of the Humours, than hurt by the agitation of them: For though they cannot deny but that the Humour is as yet generally Crude, yet they &s;uppo&s;e it to have the condition of a Turgent Matter, and that as it wanders about, it tends towards the Head; and therefore is to be purged off, left it ru&s;h into the Head, e&s;|pecially &s;eeing all of it cannot be evacuated by Bleeding. But there is need of a di&s;tinction here, and we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether the Inflammation ari&s;e from the Fever, or the Fever proceed from the Inflammation as the primary Di&s;ea&s;e. For if the primary Di&s;ea&s;e be a Fever, and the Inflam|mation be rai&s;ed from the motion of the Cacochy|mie agitated in the Veins, &s;uch Matter is de&s;er|vedly referr'd to a Turgent; therefore according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s his Advice, 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 22. it is to be evacuated pre&s;ently in the beginning: And though Nature drive it to a certain part, yet it is not &s;o immovable, but that it may ea&s;ily follow the lead|ing of a Purge; and that it is Turgent, appears even from hence, that &s;uch Matter &s;eems at fir&s;t to be moved to one part, and by and by 'tis car|ried to another: whence of a Pleuri&s;y is &s;ome|times made a Quin&s;y, or a Peripneumony; or of either of the&s;e a Pleuri&s;y. But if the Matter be received already into the Brain, and the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e be over, 'tis to no purpo&s;e to give Purgers. Al&s;o, as <HI>Ma&s;&s;arias</HI> affirms, 'tis dange|rous to defer purging to the declination, &s;eeing the Di&s;ea&s;e kills either in the beginning, or in the augment, or in the &s;tate. But the ca&s;e is quite al|ter'd when the Inflammation proceeds (without a Fever preceding) from the hurt of the Brain or its Membranes, or from an efferve&s;cence of the Blood in the Veins of the Head: For in &s;uch ca&s;e <HI>Hipp<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">crates</HI>'s Advice is to be follow'd, (2. <HI>de fract. t.</HI> 20. <HI>&amp;</HI> 22.) who in &s;uch Inflammation purges in|deed in the beginning, before the Fever come; but after it is come, purges no longer: For then the Matter is not Turgent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dan. Sen|nert. Pract. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ap. 27. l. 1. part. 1.</NOTE> &s;uch as ru&s;hes to any part in the beginnings of Fevers; nor is the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e from the Veins of the whole Body, but it proceeds from a peculiar part.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Hypnoticks</HI> are oft nece&s;&s;ary in this Di|&s;ea&s;e, but the &s;tronger &s;ort are not convenient pre&s;ently at the beginning, nor are they to be u&s;ed often, becau&s;e the &s;leep that is procured by Opiats does carry more Morbifick Matter into the Brain, and fixes it more clo&s;ely therein.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Becau&s;e want of &s;leep is very urgent in this Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;leep is to be procured &s;ome way or other even in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. The pro|po&s;ed Repellents are good for that purpo&s;e, e&s;pe|cially if before the application of Oxyrrhodines the Head be wet with the cold Oyl of Violets, whereby Convul&s;ions are al&s;o prevented. In|wardly with Juleps or Emul&s;ions may &s;ometimes be given an ounce of the Syrup of Poppy, or two or three grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> Opiate; which like|wi&s;e being given in Cly&s;ters does powerfully enough and more &s;afely procure &s;leep. Yet in the u&s;e of Narcoticks the Phy&s;ician ought to be wary: for they ought not to be given if the Spirits be very low, le&s;t the&s;e and the heat be extingui&s;hed by them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lazar. Ri|ver.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Narcoticks</HI> which con&s;i&s;t of meerly cold things, mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly given, becau&s;e they agree not &s;o well with &s;ome, the Fibres of who&s;e Stomach are very tender and &s;en&s;ible. I have oft ob&s;erved &s;uch Hypnoticks to cau&s;e a great oppre&s;|&s;ion in the Stomach, then pre&s;ently an inflation of it; and a while after, di&s;tractions and di&s;turbances of the Spirits in the Brain, yea, in the whole Bo|dy have follow'd, &s;o that there en&s;ued not only a fru&s;tration of &s;leep, but al&s;o the greate&s;t inquie|tude.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. When watchings are very trouble&s;om, we may make a Decoction of Chamomel Flowers with &s;ome heads of Poppy in it, and foment the Head therewith warm: For &s;uch things as are applied cold, conden&s;e the Humour and Vapour; and tho&s;e things which do very much &s;tupefy, as Man|drake, Hemlock, and <HI>Opium,</HI> lead to a contrary Di&s;ea&s;e, and cau&s;e an incurable pa&s;&s;ion: for I have &s;een &s;ome whom their Phy&s;icians had brought into a deep &s;leep by immoderate cooling,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. a Vega. l. 3. c. 6. Art. Med.</NOTE> to dye Lethargick. <HI>Of the efficacy of an actual Cautery, &s;ee the Title of</HI> Mania, <HI>or Madne&s;s.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. Some pre&s;cribe the <HI>decoction</HI> of <HI>Coriander</HI> for <HI>Drink,</HI> which yet is &s;u&s;pected by me, &s;eeing Coriander Seeds are of them&s;elves apt to di&s;turb the Mind, and to cau&s;e a <HI>Delirium.</HI> Nor matters the Authority of <HI>Avicen,</HI> who thinks that Corian|der is cold; for we mu&s;t rather believe <HI>Galen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Salius, c. 6. Annot. in Altim.</NOTE> <HI>Dio|&s;corides,</HI> Experience, Rea&s;on, and Truth.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Phren&s;y &s;ometimes turns to a Lethargy, becau&s;e the Humours are too much cooled by the u&s;e of cold Medicins, and where there is a thick|ne&s;s of Matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rebeus, c. 13. l. 3. comment. in Cel&s;um.</NOTE>Thence al&s;o happen &s;ometimes tho&s;e ob&s;cure, gentle, and trembling Phre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ies which <HI>Galen</HI> calls Hectick.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. In the u&s;e of Oxyrrhodines the Con&s;titu|tion of the Patient, with the &s;ea&s;on of the year, or the External Air, are to be con&s;ider'd: For in &s;trong and robu&s;t Con&s;titutions, where there is a vehement heat about the Head, and &s;o an exqui&s;ite Phren&s;y, and e&s;pecially in Summer, they are to be applied not only virtually but actually cold. But when the Body is more weak, or the Patient is either a Child or old Man, and there is no &s;uch heat about the Head, and it is Winter, they are rather to be applied warm, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e places where the vertue of the Medicins can the better penetrate, namely about the Sutures. And this al&s;o is to be noted, that <HI>&s;ome</HI> Topicks pene|trate ea&s;ily of them&s;elves, as being made of Vi|negar, Vervain, Dill, and the like; which being often applied cold, do neverthele&s;s perfect their operation: <HI>Others</HI> are a&s;tringent, as Ro&s;es, Plan|tane, Bole-Armene,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> which act better when they are warmed. &para; Let not the u&s;e of the&s;e be continued too long, but only about three days; and let the quantity of the Vinegar be al&s;o le&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t. probl. 4. de|cad. 2.</NOTE> becau&s;e of the urgent <HI>Vigiliae.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. If (as it &s;ometime happens) the Inflam|mation &s;eem to tend towards the Skin and the outer parts of the Head, le&s;t the Matter being re|pelled inwards and towards the Brain &s;hould induce a greater mi&s;chief, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from <HI>Repellents,</HI> e&s;pecially &s;uch as are more &s;trong.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. There is &s;ome di&s;pute whether the Head &s;hould be <HI>&s;haven</HI> or not: For &s;ome think that upon &s;having the Head, more Humour flows thither: but &s;eeing Alteratives and Repre&s;&s;ers of the Humours, &s;uch as Oxyrrhodine (for <HI>Galen,</HI> 11. <HI>meth.</HI> attri|butes a repre&s;&s;ing vertue to Vinegar) and other cold things which are commended, may be the better applied to the Head when &s;haven,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato in <GAP DESC="foreign">.</NOTE> and the Matter may al&s;o exhale the better, I think 'tis be&s;t
<PB N="490" REF="217"> to &s;have it. &para; Let Topicks be applied to the &s;haven Head, (and be renewed as oft as they grow hot) both that the vertue of the Medicin may pe|netrate the better, and al&s;o that the Head being ea&s;ed of the burthen of the Hair, the Fumes may be the more ea&s;ily di&s;cu&s;&s;ed: for the crop of Hair being cut down, cannot &s;prout forth in &s;o &s;hort a time (which <HI>Archigenes</HI> is a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">raid of) that more Matter &s;hould be drawn to the Head on that ac|count. But when the Hair is &s;hort or very thin of it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> the&s;e things may be well enough applied to the un&s;haven Head.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. At length in the &s;tate, or beginning of the declination of a Phren&s;y, <HI>Re&s;olvents</HI> are to be applied, e&s;pecially Animals or their Parts, young Pigeons, Whelps, a Sheeps Lungs, which are the mo&s;t convenient becau&s;e they &s;oftly embrace all the Head. But &s;ome do ill to apply them at the be|ginning, becau&s;e by increa&s;ing the heat they do the more promote the Fluxion to the Brain and increa&s;e the <HI>Delirium.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">River l. 17. c. 1. &s;ect. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Among tho&s;e things which hinder the motion of the Matter to the Head, you &s;hall ex|pect the greate&s;t benefit from wa&s;hings of the Legs; unle&s;s you fear the &s;triking in of Spots in Malig|nant Fevers: in which ca&s;e you &s;hall make u&s;e of this Remedy in a warm Room, and in the Summer &s;ea&s;on, or when the Spots are a vani&s;hing; though &s;uch wa&s;hings do &s;ometimes the more draw forth the Spots them&s;elves. This is a very excellent Reme|dy, both becau&s;e it draws the heat to the lower and outer parts, and al&s;o becau&s;e by the heat and loo&s;|ne&s;s of the parts it di&s;cu&s;&s;es that which it has drawn.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. In the mean time the greate&s;t regard is to be had to the <HI>&s;trength;</HI> for when that fails, all hopes of Cure are lo&s;t. Now it u&s;es to be &s;oon weakened by great watchings, perpetual agitations of the Mind and Body, thin Diet, and Phleboto|my which &s;ometimes 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to repeat often. Wherefore we mu&s;t take diligent heed, le&s;t whil&s;t by purging, or often bleeding we endeavour to root out the Di&s;ea&s;e, we do not &s;uddenly weaken the Vital Faculty: If this begin to fail, neglecting the Phren&s;y,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and granting a fuller Diet, we mu&s;t chiefly in&s;i&s;t upon Cordials. &para; It is always expe|dient to add to other Medicins &s;ome of the <HI>Solution of Perls,</HI> and in the declination &s;ome drops of <HI>Aurum potabile,</HI> for when Nature is &s;trengthned &s;he often u&s;es to drive forth the reliques of the Di|&s;ea&s;e by &s;weat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. A lu&s;ty Wench being in a Fever and &s;tark &s;taring mad, was continually held bound in her Bed: &s;he was bled plentifully and often, took a great many Cly&s;ters, had Juleps, Emul&s;ions, and Hypnoticks pre&s;crib'd her: All which doing no good, &s;he remained without &s;leep and very much di&s;tracted for &s;even or eight days, continually cal|ling out for cold Drink: Wherefore &s;he had as much Water given her to drink as &s;he would, but her thir&s;t was never the more quenched. I advi&s;ed (&s;eeing it was Summer time) that the Women &s;hould take her out into a Boat at midnight, and putting off her Cloaths and loo&s;ing her Bands &s;hould duck her in a deep River, tying a Rope about her middle to pull her up again by, to keep her from drowning: But there was no need of &s;uch an hank upon her, for &s;he &s;wam of her own accord almo&s;t as well as any Per&s;on could do, that had learned to &s;wim. After little more than a quarter of an hour &s;he is taken well and &s;ober out of the Water, and then being laid in Bed &s;he &s;lept, and &s;weat plentifully, and a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">terwards recover'd without any other Remedy. The rea&s;on why this Cure &s;uc|ceeded &s;o &s;oon and &s;o happily, was, becau&s;e the exce&s;&s;es of both the Vital and Animal Flame (that were both of them va&s;tly increa&s;ed) were taken away by the proper Remedy of a too inten&s;e heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis, cap. de Phrenit.</NOTE> to wit by the moi&s;ture and coldne&s;s of the Water.</P>
<P>&para; A like In&s;tance we had at <HI>Geneva</HI> in the Sum|mer of the year 1680. A &s;trong Man being taken with a burning Fever and <HI>Delirium,</HI> (who&s;e Hou&s;e was near the River <HI>Rhodanus</HI>) e&s;capes tho&s;e that were to look to him, and throws him&s;elf headlong into the River. One was to go out of the City a good di&s;tance (becau&s;e of the Walls) before one could take him out of the Current; but before they could get thither, he was got to the Bank on the other &s;ide, (being a good &s;wimmer) where he was found &s;afe and return'd to his right mind: and being brought home, he recover'd wholly pre|&s;ently after. But this Remedy did not &s;ucceed &s;o well with a Wench, that being &s;omewhat frantick, by &s;ome bodies advice was thrown into a Bathing Tub full of cold Water in the mid&s;t of a very cold Winter, for thereupon &s;he died a few hours after.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Phy&s;icians do not agree concerning the <HI>drinking of Wine:</HI> Some think 'tis wholly to be ab|&s;tain'd from, as from Poi&s;on, &s;eeing it helps for|ward the motion of the Humours to the Head, and increa&s;es the <HI>Delirium</HI> joined therewith: Others allow of it if the Watchings be pertinacious, and the Spirits low, becau&s;e it recruits the Spirits, temperates Watchings and a&s;&s;wageth Madne&s;s. But the former opinion is more agreeable to truth: for when Wine is &s;aid to moderate Watchings and de|mulce the Mind, 'tis to be under&s;tood of Melan|cholick <HI>Deliriums</HI> and Watchings rather than of that which ari&s;es from an hot Humour and Inflam|mation, which are rather exa&s;perated by the u&s;e of Wine: Wherefore in the beginning it is to be wholly ab&s;tain'd from; but afterwards, where the Di&s;ea&s;e admits it and the Spirits require it, &s;mall Wine at lea&s;t may be allowed to &s;uch as have been u&s;ed to Wine, e&s;pecially to tho&s;e who have been otherwi&s;e accu&s;tomed to drink Wine without Water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Phy&s;icians di&s;pute whether the Pa|tient be kept in the light or in the dark: We pro|duce <HI>Cel&s;us</HI>'s Opinion concerning it, who (<HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 19.) writes thus: <HI>The Ancients kept &s;uch Patients in the dark, becau&s;e they thought that contributed to their re&s;t: A&s;clepiades</HI> &s;aid that <HI>they ought to be kept in the light, becau&s;e darkne&s;s was frightful to them:</HI> <Q>But neither of the&s;e is con&s;tant. 'Tis be&s;t there|fore to try both, and to keep him in the light that is afraid of darkne&s;s, and to keep him in the dark, that is di&s;turbed at the light. But where there is no &s;uch difference, when the Pa|tient is &s;trong, let him be kept in a light place, and when weak, in a dark.</Q> For there is &s;ome diver&s;ity of Natures in this ca&s;e, the dark di&s;turb|ing &s;ome more, and the light others: And &s;ome when they are in a &s;omewhat light&s;om place, ima|gin they &s;ee many things which they do not &s;ee, take one thing for another, and conceive various Images from Objects; wherefore &s;uch a Patient is to be kept in the dark: On the contrary, if he be afraid in the dark, let him be kept in the light.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. When the Frantick are raging mad, or|der them to be bound, and look you come not near them, becau&s;e they have &s;ometimes killed their Phy&s;icians: And at <HI>Venice</HI> I knew a Mad Man that kil<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d two Prie&s;ts. Add hereto, That by &s;uch Ligaments there is made a diver&s;ion of Matter from the Head;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. prael. pract. c. 3.</NOTE> and the Frantick hardly ever rave when they have their Bands upon them, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. In a Phren&s;y there &s;ometimes happens a <HI>&s;uppre&s;&s;ion</HI> of <HI>&V;rine</HI> on the &s;ixth day, a continual Fever being pre&s;ent; which &s;uppre&s;&s;ion if the Phy|&s;ician endeavour to remedy, he mi&s;takes: for this &s;uppre&s;&s;ion does oft indicate a Cri&s;is by &s;weat. Therefore it is not to be cured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippocr. 6. Epidem. 1.</NOTE> but to be com|mitted to Nature acting well, le&s;t &s;he being di|&s;turbed by un&s;ea&s;onable Diureticks the Patient be brought to his end, an In&s;tance whereof is given by <HI>H. ab Heer, ob&s;.</HI> 5. But if the Diureticks be
<PB N="491" REF="217"> of &s;uch a nature as to be withal Diaphoretick, opening, inciding, and moving of Tartar, &s;uch as the Antepileptick Pouder of <HI>Hartman,</HI> the ad|mirable effects whereof I have many times expe|rienc'd in an Epilep&s;y and other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, and in Madne&s;s it &s;elf, e&s;pecially if the &s;aid Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e from the Juice of the Nerves being too dull, acid, and vapid as it were; in this ca&s;e Med<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cins full of a volatil Alkali &s;alt are the mo&s;t available, &s;uch as the Spirit of Hart&s;horn, of Mans Blool rectified, of Soot. But if the Nervous Liqu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r be too acrimonious and &s;alt, or the <HI>Effluvia</HI> &s;teming from the e&s;tuating Blood drive the Animal Sprits into di&s;tractions, &s;uch Remedies which con&s;i&s;t of a Volatil acid are given with &s;uc|ce&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m. m. l. 1. c. 12.</NOTE> as the Voatil Spirit of Vitriol, the opening Striated Spirit of <HI>Penotus,</HI> the Philo&s;ophical Spi|rit of Vitriol.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Phthi&s;is,</HI> or Con&s;umption.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Curative Indications. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cau&s;e of the Malady is not to be derived always from the Head. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t provide for the whole Body by effectual Reme|dies. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be &s;ometimes profitable. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t <HI>Purge</HI> with &s;trong things at the beginning. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the progre&s;s with &s;uch as are more mild. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what &s;ea&s;on <HI>Vomiting</HI> is &s;ometimes convenient. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Diureticks</HI> are hurtful. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The fluxion upon the Lungs is fir&s;t of all to be &s;topt. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Waters call'd <HI>Acidulae,</HI> and Baths be hurt|ful. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Lungs are to be clean&s;ed before the con&s;olidating of the &V;lcer. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e driers in re&s;pect of the &V;lcer, notwith|&s;tanding the Fever. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Sugar and Con&s;erve of <HI>Ro&s;es</HI> be profi|table. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of <HI>Suffumigations. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t provide at the &s;ame time for both Fever and &V;lcer. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Milk</HI> is not to be denied becau&s;e it breeds Phlegm. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it may be hindred from becoming either nidorous or &s;owr upon the Stomach. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that <HI>ab&s;terge</HI> &s;trongly, are hurtful. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Ros &s;olis</HI> be profitable. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Temperate <HI>Acids</HI> are profitable. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sulphureous</HI> Remedies do not always relieve. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Excellency of <HI>Bal&s;am</HI> of <HI>Sulphur. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lac Sulphuris</HI> is but of &s;mall efficacy. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;lcers of the Lungs cured by <HI>Vulnerary Injections. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of <HI>Ve&s;icatories. XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of <HI>Fontanels. XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When and where <HI>Cau&s;ticks</HI> are to be applied. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Phthi&s;is cured in the beginning by I&s;&s;ues under the Arm-holes. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Phthi&s;is cured by a Seton in the Neck. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Bath</HI> is not profitable to all. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antimonial</HI> Medicins free the Blood from <HI>Pus. XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a dry <HI>Air. XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Changing of Air is not profitable to all. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Snails</HI> be profitable. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> from a Native Di&s;po&s;ition. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A peculiar Cau&s;e of a Phthi&s;is. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a <HI>Pulmonary</HI> Phthi&s;is. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Leanne&s;s cured by repeated Bleeding. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The danger of a <HI>Tabes</HI> avoided by a flux of the Hemorrhoids. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>lo&s;t Appetite</HI> how to be recalled. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What <HI>Wine</HI> to he cho&s;en for drink. <HI>XLI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicins.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THough the Matter that cau&s;es the Cough de&s;til not from the Head upon the Lungs by the Wind-Pipe; yet drilling &s;ometimes out of the &s;ides of the Wind-Pipe, and falling down into the Cavities of the Lungs, it produces that Di&s;ea&s;e which is commonly known by the name of a Ca|tarrh. For the Wind-Pipe be&s;ides a Nervous and Mu&s;culous Coat, has al&s;o a Va&s;culous and Glan|dulous one; into this la&s;t are depo&s;ited &s;uperfluous Humidities from the Blood, which bedew the whole Wind-Pipe. Now if at any time the ma&s;s of Blood be too much fu&s;ed and precipitated into Sero&s;ities, (as upon catching cold, drinking acid things, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) hereupon pre&s;ently a great deal of watry Matter &s;weats out of the Glands of the Wind-Pipe and the mouths of the Arteries into its Cavities, which &s;oon cau&s;es Coughing and Spitting. Whil&s;t the&s;e things are moderate, and only the &s;uperfluities of the Blood are expelled, they often turn rather to profit than benefit, becau&s;e thus the ma&s;s of Blood and the Lungs them&s;elves are clean&s;|ed. But if the&s;e Affections being prolonged, the Serous Humour being every where depo&s;ited in the Ducts of the Wind-Pipe, &s;hall at length begin to be alter'd towards Putrefaction, then the motion and cra&s;is of the Blood are perverted, and the Hu|mour is plentifully depo&s;ited out of the ma&s;s of Blood, which fir&s;t of all enters the little Bladders annexed to the &s;mall Branches of the Wind-Pipe, and at length fills and &s;omewhat di&s;tends them; and by and by the &s;ides of one, two, or more of them being bur&s;t, there is made an <HI>&V;lcer.</HI> The <HI>Curative Intentions</HI> are chiefly the&s;e three; 1. To hinder the di&s;&s;olution of the Blood, which is the root of all the mi&s;chief: 2. Pre&s;ently and &s;uffi|ciently to evacuate the corrupt Matter gathered in the Lungs by Expectoration: 3. To &s;trengthen and dry the Lungs, that have their unity di&s;&s;olved, or are too lax and moi&s;t, that they may not be &s;till more and more corrupted, and receive more and more the Morbifick Matter. As to the <HI>fir&s;t indica|tion</HI> let the&s;e three things be procured: 1. That the Ma&s;s of Blood may contain and a&s;&s;imilate all the Nutritious Juice that is afforded to it, and may be &s;o proportioned therewith as that it offend nei|ther in quantity nor quality. Wherefore above all things let it be order'd, that People that Cough and are Phthi&s;ical, ab&s;tain very much from Drink, and take Liquids or Spoon-meat but in &s;mall quan|tity, &s;o that the Blood, being weak in its Cra&s;is, may the more ea&s;ily &s;ubdue the Minute Portions of the fre&s;h Juice, and retain them within its <HI>Com|pages,</HI> whil&s;t it is not &s;atiated with too many of them. Moreover, let that fre&s;h Juice con&s;i&s;t of &s;uch Particles, as being mild and thin may be tamed by the Blood, and a&s;&s;imilated without Efferve|&s;cence. Wherefore A&s;&s;es or Goats Milk, the Cream of Barley, Water-gruel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will be more agreeable and nouri&s;h better than Fle&s;h, Eggs, Gellies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. The &s;econd thing to be produced is, that the Acidities, that are either bred in the Blood, or poured into it from &s;ome other where, may be &s;o de&s;troyed, that the Blood retaining &s;till its mixture or cra&s;is, may not be &s;o prone to fluxi|ons or fu&s;ions: Wherefore 'tis nece&s;&s;ary that both its own Acidities, and tho&s;e of other Humours mixed with it, be de&s;troyed: which intention will be the be&s;t performed by Medicins prepared of Sulphur, which &s;hould be taken freely if there be no Fever. Vulnerary Decoctions are al&s;o good for the &s;ame purpo&s;e, and Decoctions of Pectoral
<PB N="492" REF="218"> Herbs, as al&s;o of the Woods taken for ordinary Drink: Likewi&s;e the Pouder of Crabs Eyes, Hog-Lice, and of other things endued with an Alkali or Volatil &s;alt. 3. And la&s;tly, That all the Recre|ments produced in the Blood be derived from the Lungs to other Emunctories and places of Evacua|tion; which intention, re&s;pecting the fir&s;t indica|tion, &s;ugge&s;ts that very many ways of Evacuations are to be made u&s;e of, Phlebotomy, Purging by Urine, &s;light Purgation by Stool, Baths, Fricti|ons of the Extream Parts, <HI>Dropaces</HI> or Shaving off the Hair, I&s;&s;ues, Apophlegmati&s;ms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The <HI>&s;econd indication</HI> in a beginning <HI>Phthi&s;is, viz.</HI> that the Tabifick Matter depo&s;ited in the Lungs may be ea&s;ily and throughly expelled daily, is performed by Expectorating Medicins, who&s;e vertue is car|ried two ways to the Lungs, <HI>either</HI> as their active Particles are immediately let down by the Wind-Pipe, and procure Expectoration partly by lubri|cating the ways, and withal loo&s;ening the Matter that is fixt therein, and partly by irritating the Ex|cretory Fibres into Spa&s;ms; whither belong Lam|bitives and Suffumigations: <HI>or,</HI> as they exert their vertue in coming along with the Blood, (which are the more powerful) for &s;eeing they con&s;i&s;t of &s;uch Particles as cannot be tamed and a&s;&s;imilated by the Ma&s;s of Blood, the&s;e being poured into the Blood, and becau&s;e they cannot be mixed therewith, being thrown out of it again pre&s;ently, penetrate out of the Arteries of the Lungs into the Ducts of the Wind-Pipe, where lighting upon the Matter they divide, attenuate, and &s;o exagitate it, that the Fi|bres being thereby irritated, and &s;ucce&s;&s;ively con|tracted in Coughing, the contents of the Wind-Pipe and its little Bladders are ca&s;t up into the Mouth. Things fit for this purpo&s;e, be&s;ides Sul|phur and its Preparations, are artificial Bal&s;amicks di&s;tilled with the Oyl of Turpentine, the Tinctures and Syrups of <HI>Gumm. Ammoniacum, Galbanum, A&s;a foetida,</HI> Garlick, Onions, and &s;uch like that &s;mell &s;trong, of which Lohochs are al&s;o made: And the&s;e operate both ways; for partly by &s;liding into the Wind-Pipe, and partly by entring into the Lungs by the Circulation of the Blood, they &s;et upon the Morbifick Matter both before and behind, and &s;o drive it forth with the greater violence. As to the <HI>third Indication,</HI> that the injur'd Conforma|tion of the Lungs, or their vitiated Con&s;titution may be re&s;tored or amended, let tho&s;e things be u&s;ed which re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, clean&s;e, con&s;oli|date, dry, and &s;trengthen; for which purpo&s;e the Remedies prepared of Sulphur, Bal&s;amicks and Traumaticks are u&s;eful.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>Epid. comm.</HI> 17.) &s;peaking of a <HI>Phthi&s;is,</HI> &s;ays, that it proceeds not always from a Fluxion from the Head, but that Excrements flow into the Lungs &s;ometimes from other parts. Wherefore their ignorance is not to be endured, who think that the Recrements which are in the Lungs proceed only from the Head. For it may &s;o happen that a Phthi&s;is may be cau&s;ed by an Hu|mour tran&s;mitted from other parts of the Body, the Brain being &s;ound. In which ca&s;e whether <HI>Stil|licidia</HI> (or droppings) upon the Coronal Suture,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. l. de remed. invent. c. 14.</NOTE> or Sinapi&s;ms, Errhines and Ma&s;ticatories do any good, let others judge.</P>
<P N="3">III. Tho&s;e Remedies which re&s;pect the whole Body are very nece&s;&s;ary; at this day they are not rightly admini&s;tred, wherefore few are cured. I was lately at <HI>Venice</HI> and pre&s;cribed to a Patient an ounce of the Honey of Ro&s;es and another of Oxy|mel, that the Phlegm that was in his Stomach, and was the cau&s;e of much mi&s;chief, might be clean&s;ed away. The Apothecary by mi&s;take &s;ent ten ounces, and the Patient took eight and an half of the Medi|cin: The &s;ame acting violently upon the Phlegm, was &s;omewhat di&s;turbing to him, but afterwards the Phlegm de&s;cended &s;o into the Guts, and was &s;o expelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivace. Pc. l. 2. c. 7.</NOTE> that all the &s;ymptoms were mitigated; wherefore Phy&s;icians mu&s;t be bold &s;ometimes.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Whether is it fit, and &s;trictly nece&s;&s;ary, upon any occa&s;ion to give a Purge to Con&s;umptive People, or <HI>to let them Blood?</HI> We have &s;eldom need of Bleeding in a <HI>Tabes</HI> or Con&s;umption, e&s;|pecially when there is an Ulcer already made, un|le&s;s a new Fluxion &s;upervene, or unle&s;s there be a fre&s;h opening of &s;ome Vein, or where the defluxi|on is very fervent, and the Liver hot, or the Lungs bur&s;t on &s;ome occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Avicen</HI> in a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> gives <HI>Pi. Cochiae</HI> for the &s;ake of the whole Body: Our comm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n Practitioners give them not, but they do ill; for we ought to &s;uccour the Fluxion pre&s;ently: for we may hope well when the Ulcer is not deep, bit it becomes &s;o when the Di&s;ea&s;e is prolonged; which comes to pa&s;s through the Matter flowing nto the Lungs, wherefore that Matter is to be evacuated. There|fore after one loo&s;ening of the Belly, after two or three Syrups, <HI>Pil. Cochiae</HI> are to be given pre&s;ently according to <HI>Avicen,</HI> that the whole may be purg|ed and the Head evacuated, and &s;o the Fluxion may be remedied. What I &s;ay of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">il. Cochiae,</HI> the &s;ame is to be under&s;tood of other &s;trong Loo&s;eners, for the fault of the offending Humour is vehement, and is of the nature of a <HI>Cau&s;a fine qua non;</HI> therefore a &s;trong Purge &s;hall be given; e&s;pecially becau&s;e the &s;trength permitteth, which forbiddeth it in the progre&s;s of the Malady. For at the begin|ning, though it be an Hectick Fever, it is in the habitude, not in the habit; and whil&s;t it is in the habitude, the &s;trength in an Hectick Fever hath &s;uffered no mi&s;chief as yet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. In tho&s;e who have a Fluxion of acrimoni|ous, biting, and corroding Humours, e&s;pecially if there be al&s;o an ebullition and efferve&s;cence of the Humours, not altogether neglecting the indica|tion of the Con&s;umption, <HI>(for an exqui&s;ite or con|firm'd</HI> Tabes <HI>admits not of Evacuaters even in tho&s;e in whom the Fluxion &s;till remains, but only of Di|verters)</HI> 'tis certain that it will be very &s;afe and nece&s;&s;ary to purge, e&s;pecially with tho&s;e Medicins which may profit both the Brea&s;t and the Ulcer, and avert and le&s;&s;en or bridle the Fluxion. Of this nature is <HI>Rhubarb</HI> believed to be, (&s;ometimes the roa&s;ted) mixt with <HI>Spikenard,</HI> and diluted with the <HI>infu&s;ion of Ro&s;es</HI> and <HI>Goats Milk.</HI> Alike profi|table is it to take in the morning a &s;poonful of <HI>Co|rinths</HI> with the Pouder of <HI>Rhubarb</HI> and <HI>Sugar,</HI> &s;o that for a pound of Corinths there be half an ounce of Rhubarb, and four ounces of Sugar. <HI>Sugar of Ro&s;es</HI> with a little <HI>Rhubarb</HI> is likewi&s;e good, or the &s;ame Sugar with <HI>Bole-Armene</HI> and the Juice of Agarick; or a Bolus of the <HI>Pouder of Ro&s;es</HI> with the Juice of <HI>Carthanus Seed,</HI> or of Agarick or Rhu|barb extracted with Milk Water. But if the Matter that flows be acrimonious, by licking often a little of the Pulp of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia fi&s;tula,</HI> or of the &s;ame made into a Con&s;erve, you may gently loo&s;en the Belly and avert the Fluxion thither, you may le|nifie the Brea&s;t and Wind-Pipe, and help Expe|ctoration, e&s;pecially if you di&s;&s;olve it in Barley-Water, to which you may add the Pouder of ei|ther Lykyrrhize or Ro&s;es, or if you will of Rhu|barb: becau&s;e the only way to cure a Phthi&s;is is to recall the Matter to &s;ome other place; for when it is re&s;trained by any of the foregoing things, it is more inconvenient and dangerous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Nothing is plainer in the Doctrine of <HI>Hip|pocrates,</HI> than that tho&s;e who labour under a <HI>Tabes</HI> are not to be purged by Stool. For in <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 320. treating of the Cure of a <HI>Tabes</HI> from a Di&s;ea&s;e of the Lungs, he does not only expre&s;sly forbid purging by Stool, &s;aying, <HI>Give no Medicin that purges downwards;</HI> but pre|&s;cribing white Hellebore, he orders it to be given &s;o temper'd as not to move the Belly downwards. Seeing therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> for the Cure of a <HI>Tabes</HI> u&s;es only Vomits for Evacuation, and is &s;o fearful of purging by Stool, it is not rea&s;onable that
<PB N="493" REF="218"> <HI>Aphor.</HI> 8. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4. &s;hould determine the clean con|trary: And therefore we mu&s;t affirm that by the word <GAP DESC="foreign"> he does not under&s;tand Per&s;ons la|bouring under a <HI>Tabes,</HI> but &s;uch as by their Natural Con&s;titution are di&s;po&s;ed thereto; for in the&s;e, Vomits are &s;u&s;pected, for fear le&s;t &s;ome Ve&s;&s;el &s;hould be broken in the Brea&s;t, which in this &s;ort of Con&s;titution is &s;trait and weak. But Purgation by Stool is hurtful to the Tabid, becau&s;e it u&s;es to bring on a Loo&s;ne&s;s that is deadly to them. Where|fore Purging by Vomit will be le&s;s inconvenient for the&s;e, by the vehemence whereof though the Lungs be agitated and &s;trained, yet becau&s;e they are accu&s;tomed to &s;uch Commotions by rea&s;on of their Cough, which does violently exagitate almo&s;t all Tabid Per&s;ons, there<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ore Vomiting is not very apt to do mi&s;chief, and it may be of great relief to the Patient, not only in that it brings forth the an|tecedent Matter, but al&s;o becau&s;e it does not a little help the Excretion of the Conjunct Cau&s;e, which is made by Coughing. Nor need the break|ing of a Ve&s;&s;el be feared in the&s;e through the vio|lence of the Vomit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;per Martian. comm. in aph. 8. &s;ect. 4.</NOTE> becau&s;e the Veins being ex|ceedingly emptied in the&s;e Per&s;ons from their Ex|tenuation, are not &s;o apt to break, as in tho&s;e who are not as yet faln into a <HI>Tabes.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>&s;impl. cap.</HI> 13. greatly con|demns <HI>Diureticks,</HI> becau&s;e, he &s;ays, they hinder the Expectoration of Matter, for the Matter is thickned by them, which can only be expelled by Coughing: The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e the Matter that is in the Brea&s;t is by Diureticks deprived of the ichorous part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. de rem. invent. cap. 5.</NOTE> which &s;erves to make the Matter thin.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Before you enter upon the Cure of the Ulcer alone, 'tis nece&s;&s;ary al&s;o to have regard to the Hu|mours that have flowed into the Brea&s;t or Lungs. Wherefore we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether the Fluxion, from whence the Malady begins, remain &s;till, or be already &s;uppre&s;t, or ended: For if it continue &s;till, whether from the Body, or from the Head, or from any other place, we &s;pend the time to no purpo&s;e in the Cure, unle&s;s we fir&s;t re&s;train the Fluxion, or find it to be derived to &s;ome other place. Wherefore it will be nece&s;&s;ary either to avert it by Medicins, or to end it with gentle Evacuations, or to re&s;train it in the part that &s;ends it: For we re&s;train it by reducing the Head to its Native Tem|perament, or by ending and di&s;&s;ipating the Humour there; as <HI>Galen,</HI> 5. <HI>meth.</HI> hath reported of the Pla&s;ter of <HI>Thap&s;ia,</HI> which we mu&s;t u&s;e neither ra&s;hly, nor in all ca&s;es, but only when the Head is cold and Phlegmatick: for then it both excites the &s;luggi&s;h heat, and corrects the cold Intemperature, and therefore &s;tops the Phlegmatick Fluxion, becau&s;e it di&s;cu&s;&s;es or concocts. But it the Fluxion be hot, or acrimonious, or biting, we mu&s;t perform the Cure by warm Baths, or by cold and a&s;tringent Pouders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But the Matter that is already ge|nerated, and which is daily bred by the intempe|rature of the Head, can be averted by no Remedy more &s;afely than by making an I&s;&s;ue in one or both Arms; whereby, by &s;aithful Experience I know, that not a few Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons have been cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. I am of opinion that your Waters called <HI>Acidulae,</HI> are not good for tho&s;e who&s;e Lungs are Ulcer'd, (though they may &s;eem agreeable at fir&s;t &s;ight by their cooling vertue, whereby they are op|po&s;ite to a Fever; by their drying, whereby they cure Catarrhs; by their ab&s;ter&s;ory, whereby they clean&s;e the Ulcer) 1. becau&s;e of their acrimony which is hurtful to the Corroded Lungs; 2. by rea&s;on of the acidity joined, which is a&s;tringent, whence they hinder Expectoration; 3. by Evacuat|ing they hurt the Tabid that are already exhau&s;ted; 4. by drying and cooling they con&s;ume the Native heat; 5. by their coldne&s;s they hurt the Stomach that is already weak, with which the Heart &s;ympa|thizes. A Bath is not good, becau&s;e, 1. by its actual hear it increa&s;es the Hectick Fever that is joined with the <HI>Tabes;</HI> 2. the Members are fur|ther dried; 3. they exhau&s;t the Body &s;till more by a <HI>Diaphore&s;is</HI> and provoking of Sweat; 4. nor are they profitable on the account of the Ulcer, becau&s;e their vertue reaches not to the Lungs; 5. nor do they extingui&s;h the Fever, &s;eeing they heat and dry; 6. nor do they cure the wa&s;ting, for they evacuate, dry, and heat; 7. nor do they <HI>cure the defluxion,</HI> which is oftner rai&s;ed thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sebi&s;. de Acid. p 443.</NOTE> &para; Yet <HI>Fortis, con&s;.</HI> 34 <HI>cent.</HI> 2. has recour&s;e thereto as the only Remedy.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Let Phy&s;icians note that in ca&s;e of an Ulcer the <HI>Lungs</HI> are to be clean&s;ed from the Blood that is extrava&s;ated, as <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es 5. <HI>meth.</HI> Nor mu&s;t we in the&s;e ca&s;es always proceed with a&s;tringent and clo&s;ing Medicins; otherwi&s;e the Blood being re|tained will be the cau&s;e of greater mi&s;chief, and hence &s;uppuration and death will inevitably &s;uc|ceed. Let them note the &s;ame thing, if upon the de&s;cent of Blood from the Head to the Lungs there &s;ucceed either a dry Cough, or &s;uch as is not &s;uf|ficient to purge the Lungs from the Blood;<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius. comm. in c. 16. l. 1. de morb.</NOTE> be|cau&s;e if the Lungs be not perfectly clean&s;ed, the &s;ame mi&s;chiefs will follow.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> Wood has a notable vertue to cure the Ulcers of Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons, and is commended by &s;everal very learn|ed Phy&s;icians. The <HI>Decoction</HI> of the <HI>Root of China</HI> is al&s;o profitable. For though the&s;e Decoctions &s;eem to dry the Body, yet the profit that accrews from healing up the Ulcer in the Lungs, is far greater. For &s;eeing the leanne&s;s of the Body has its ri&s;e from an Ulcer of the Lungs, &s;uch D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">coctions, by taking away the cau&s;e of the extenuation of the Body, by con&s;uming the vicious Humours and curing the Ulcer, make the Extenuated Bodies to be well nouri&s;h'd again and grow fat, as Experience has often taught.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; I know that there want not very great difficulties in the admini&s;tring of them; for to give an hot and dry Medicin to a Tabid and Feveri&s;h Body is contrary to all Medical indication. Neverthele&s;s, becau&s;e if the Ulcer be not dried, neither the Fever nor the <HI>Tabes</HI> can end, hence it comes to pa&s;s that the more Learned Phy&s;icians have admitted of the u&s;e of Driers. I declare that about &s;eventeen years ago I cured a Phthi&s;ical Per&s;on that had gotten the Pox, by a Decoction of Guaiacum, who is yet alive &s;till. If any be afraid of it, let him take the Root of <HI>China,</HI> which I u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s in a Phthi&s;ical Woman after a &s;uppurated Peripneumony, who is &s;till alive.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. prael. pract. p. 146.</NOTE> See an Example in <HI>Riverius, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 99. I have learned by Experience that a Decoction of <HI>Lignum &s;anctum</HI> is good in this ca&s;e, &s;ays <HI>Silvat. cent.</HI> 2. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 36.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Among tho&s;e things which are very much commended, is the <HI>Sugar</HI> or <HI>Con&s;erve</HI> of <HI>Ro&s;es,</HI> which yet &s;ome deny to the Phthi&s;ical, becau&s;e the Ulcer of the Lungs needs clean&s;ing and bringing forth of the Matter; which two things are the chief cau&s;es why mo&s;t Ulcers of the Lungs are in|curable: Now this Sugar is too weak to clean&s;e and ab&s;terge the Ulcer &s;ufficiently: Be&s;ides that when it is new, it loo&s;ens the Belly, the Flux whereof is dangerous; and when old, by drying and a&s;tringing it compre&s;&s;es the ways and makes them &s;traiter; whence the eduction of the Matter is hindred, and the <HI>Sanies</HI> driven inward: yea, &s;eeing it is cold, it &s;eems inconvenient, according to <HI>Aphor.</HI> 5. 24. But in truth it is to be allowed to the Phthi&s;ical; for that is profitable for them, (&s;ays the <HI>Reconciler diff.</HI> 194.) which clean&s;es, ab&s;terges, glutinates, corrects the <HI>intemperies</HI> that is introduced, and is withal in &s;ome &s;ort nutritive; all which this Sugar or Con&s;erve does; whence we conclude that it ought to be much e&s;teemed, as not only the Te&s;ti|mony of Cla&s;&s;ical Authors, but daily Experience al&s;o witne&s;&s;es. Yet that is to be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t d w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Me&s;ue</HI>
<PB N="494" REF="219"> admoni&s;hes, and after him the <HI>Reconciler,</HI> That Sugar of Ro&s;es is not to be granted before &s;tronger ab&s;terging and mundifying Medicins have pre|ceded, and the Ulcer be purged from its <HI>Pus;</HI> at which time there is need of a &s;light ab&s;terging, but a greatly glutinating vertue; which thing is very well performed by the Sugar of Ro&s;es that is be|twixt new and old, u&s;ed daily in &s;uch form as it can be&s;t be taken in. Hence it appears what is to be an&s;wer'd to the fir&s;t and &s;econd Rea&s;ons that for|bid it. And when <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays that cold things are hurtful to the Brea&s;t, he &s;peaks of an exce&s;&s;ive coldne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. dec. 4. probl. 9.</NOTE> &s;uch as is in Ice and Snow. &para; Some Conditions are to be ob&s;erved in the u&s;e of Con|&s;erve of Ro&s;es: 1. That Ab&s;tergers and Mundi|fiers be premi&s;ed; and therefore at the beginning let that which is new be given, which has more Juice in it, and therefore a greater ab&s;terging ver|tue: 2. That it be given in a large quantity, and that daily; yea, let it be taken with Bread, and Meat and Drink: 3. That if by its u&s;e Expecto|ration be hindred, and Re&s;piration become diffi|cult,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert.</NOTE> Expectoraters be given betwixt whiles. &para; <HI>Red Ro&s;es</HI> u&s;e to be much commended for con&s;o|l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dating the clean&s;ed Ulcer, as al&s;o the Con&s;erve that is made of them, though hitherto I have &s;een no good and great effect thereof; becau&s;e when it is taken in a great quantity, as the Commenders thereof would have it, the Stomach and Guts are filled with much Phlegm, whence the appetite is not only dejected, but chylification al&s;o hurt: Moreover there often ari&s;es a trouble&s;ome cold|ne&s;s in the upper region of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and &s;o of the Stomach, from which the Patients cannot be freed again in &s;ome Months &s;pace, which I have ob&s;erved to come to pa&s;s more than once. There|fore I would prefer a Decoction of red Ro&s;es made with a &s;trong Expre&s;&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. tract. 4. append. &s;ect. 187, &amp; 188.</NOTE> and that &s;weetned with a little Sugar.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Mo&s;t have commended the breathing in an <HI>hot</HI> and <HI>dry air</HI> for <HI>drying up the &V;lcers of the Lungs:</HI> For this rea&s;on the Ancients al&s;o advi&s;ed Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons to &s;ail into <HI>Egypt: Galen</HI> bade them go to <HI>Tabiae.</HI> Nor mu&s;t we think that &s;uch Air only of Natures making is to be procured, but we read in <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>loc. aff.</HI> 8.) that an Air for this purpo&s;e may be al&s;o prepared by Art and Odours. Whom <HI>Ve&s;lingius</HI> imitating undertook to cure a certain grown Per&s;on, ill of a long Phthi&s;is, by Suffumigations chiefly, &s;uch indeed as were moi&s;t at the beginning, of the Herbs of Agrimo|ny, Betony, Foal-foot, Lungwort, Speedwel, and the Roots of Burnet and Cinquefoil boil'd in Pottage; and afterwards by &s;uch as were dry, as Benzoin, Ladanum, Stirax and Ma&s;tich, received in at the gaping mouth: te&s;tifying at large, that he hath known Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons that were very de&s;|perate, recovered chiefly by a Suffumigation of Ambergriefe. <HI>Silvaticus, cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 51. hath commend<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d the &s;ame. <HI>Bennettus, (Theatr. tabidor. exerc.</HI> 30.) has drawn In&s;truments fit for Effuma|tion and Vaporation. <HI>Lud. de Leonibus</HI> cured a Phthi&s;ical Per&s;on, who was &s;o lean one might tell all his Bones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. H. Vel|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">chius, ob&s;. 28.</NOTE> by a Suffumigation of Amber. See more before concerning the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t and Lungs in general.</P>
<P N="15">XV. When leanne&s;s hinders the u&s;e of Medicins that would dry up the Ulcer, I give <HI>A&s;&s;es Milk,</HI> but with the Oyl of <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> This way &s;ix years ago I cured a Phthi&s;ical <HI>German</HI> Nobleman. Or you may give a Broth made thus: Take of <HI>Guaia|cum</HI> or <HI>China;</HI> if <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> three ounces; if <HI>China,</HI> one: Infu&s;e them in three quarts of Wa|ter: Then take of Barley unhusked half an hand|ful, <HI>Amylum,</HI> Gum Tragacanth, of each two drachm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">; of the Seeds of Sorrel and Plantane, of each one drachm; of the Seeds of Melon blanched half an ounce; of the Kernels of Pine-Apples and Pi&s;tach-Nuts, of each an ounce and an half; the Fle&s;h of Wood Snails two ounces: Put as much of them as can be put in the Belly of a little Pullet; Let them boil all together till the perfect con&s;um|ption of the Fle&s;h, and &s;training the Liquor let it be given for thirty days. This I give with great &s;ucce&s;s to Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. prael. pract. p. 1. c. 25.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is &s;ix ounces.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Tabid People cough importunely, and evacuate much purulent Phlegm: Therefore &s;ome are afraid of <HI>Milk,</HI> becau&s;e they have per&s;uaded them&s;elves that it breeds and turns to Phlegm. But Milk being entire and new, and milked from tho&s;e Animals that are of a good habit, is of good Juice, and is made of Blood well concocted; &s;o little rea|&s;on is there why it &s;hould be reckoned among&s;t tho&s;e things that are of bad and Phlegmatick Juice, and that becau&s;e the Butter is mixt with it: whence <HI>Avicen</HI> pre&s;cribes Butter-milk, becau&s;e the Butter is apt to be inflamed, yea, it will take fire; &s;o far was he from thinking that it would be turn'd into Phlegm, that it rather turns to Choler. (There|fore <HI>Trallianus</HI> commends new Chee&s;e, becau&s;e it cools.) Nor is it then turned into that thick and purulent Phlegm which Con&s;umptive People &s;ome|time cough up: For Milk con&s;i&s;ts of Butter, Whey, and Chee&s;e: The Whey is of a Nitrous quality, it clean&s;eth, opens ob&s;tructions, carries Acrimo|nious and Adu&s;t Humours through the Belly, which are the effect of heat: therefore <HI>Galen</HI> e&s;teems &s;owr Milk cold, becau&s;e it has lo&s;t the acrimonious qua|lity of the <HI>Serum:</HI> however &s;uppo&s;ing that it cooled very much, yet it could never be turned into thick Phlegm by rea&s;on of the thinne&s;s of its &s;ub&s;tance: The Butter it &s;elf, &s;eeing it is inflam|mable, never turns to Phlegm: The Chee&s;y part, having the Whey and Butter mixt with it, is not vi&s;cous; &s;o that by the mixture of the&s;e three toge|ther Milk becomes very temperate: it moi&s;tens, nouri&s;hes, attemperates, nor does it breed that Phlegm which &s;ome Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons are &s;o troubled with. Yet &s;uppo&s;e it were Phlegmatick, &s;eeing that Phlegm is lodged only in the Stomach, and &s;tuffs not the Lungs which are affected, there will more benefit accrew by its u&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de err. vulg. l. 3. c. ult.</NOTE> than incon|venience from the generation of Phlegm, becau&s;e of the great faculty it has to nouri&s;h and temper.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Milk</HI> has the chief place among&s;t the Re|medies of Tabid People: yet in the giving of it divers Cautions are to be ob&s;erved, le&s;t it rather do hurt than good; for it is apt to corrupt upon the Stomach, either being turned into a nidour, or waxing &s;owr and curdling in the Stomach. When it waxes &s;owr, a little Honey or Sugar may be boiled in it; for thus is the coldne&s;s of the Sto|mach amended, which makes the Milk turn &s;owr. It it be turned into a nidour, it is corrupted by heat; and then it is profitable to mix Water enough with it. But the vulgar approve not of this mixture of Water; yet the be&s;t Phy&s;icians have advis'd it, for it tempers the heat, does no harm to the Milk, e&s;pecially if it be Cows Milk, that now adays is by far the mo&s;t u&s;ual. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 7. <HI>Epid.</HI> gives Cows Milk with a &s;ixth part of Wa|ter, both becau&s;e this &s;ort of Milk is naturally more thick, and al&s;o becau&s;e it is apt to turn to a Ni|dour. And 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> 36. he relates a Story of <HI>Pythocles,</HI> who gave his Patients Milk mixt with a great deal of Water. Thus likewi&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> com|mends A&s;&s;es Milk, becau&s;e it is the thinne&s;t, and has the lea&s;t <HI>Coagulum</HI> or Chee&s;y part: In defect whereof 'twill be convenient to bring Cows Milk to its temperature and con&s;i&s;tence, which is be&s;t done by mixing Water with it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, c. 11.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved in an A&s;thma and an inveterate Cough, when very ab&s;terging and inciding things have been u&s;ed, that the Patients have faln into a loo&s;ne&s;s with great relief. But if there be not a moderation in the u&s;e of the&s;e things, the Ph<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hi&s;ical and Drop&s;ical are apt to be offended
<PB N="495" REF="219"> by them and the like; whence a mortal <HI>Diarrhoea</HI> afterwards &s;upervening, they go to the common place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli Quadrip. Botan. p. 390.</NOTE> to the great reproach of Practitioners. Whence <HI>Hofman</HI> &s;ays, &s;uch things as do &s;o power|fully open ob&s;tructions, do withal purge in a ju&s;t do&s;e.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Modern Phy&s;icians have thought that <HI>Ros &s;olis</HI> or Sun-dew, e&s;pecially the de&s;tilled Water of it, is &s;ingularly good for all Phthi&s;ical and Tabid Per&s;ons. For as the Herb &s;eems mo&s;t tenacious of moi&s;ture and dew, &s;o that even the mo&s;t fervent heat of the Sun cannot con&s;ume the moi&s;ture: &s;o it has been believed that the natural and genital moi&s;ture is pre&s;erved and cheri&s;hed by it in the Bodies of Men. But the u&s;e of it teaches other|wi&s;e, and Rea&s;on al&s;o dictates another thing. For &s;eeing it is a very Acrimonious Herb, and its de|&s;tilled Water is not wholly de&s;titute of this very acrimony, it cannot be taken without offence and prejudice:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Remb. Do|don. l. 5. Pemptad. 3. hi&s;t. &s;tirp. p. 475.</NOTE> for tho&s;e who have made u&s;e of its de&s;tilled Water have died &s;ooner, than they would have done if they had ab&s;tained from it and fol|lowed a right manner of living and diet.</P>
<P N="20">XX. I have u&s;ed <HI>temperate Acids</HI> with very good &s;ucce&s;s, contrary to the opinion of perhaps all Writers The rea&s;on is clear, becau&s;e the <HI>Lym|pha</HI> (which is collected in both the Orbicular and Sinuous Bladders of the Lungs) is too thick: Sweet things not temper'd with Acids, I with many o|thers have ob&s;erved to have been always,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Barbette, Pr. lib. 2. c. 2.</NOTE> at lea&s;t for the mo&s;t part, injurious to the Patients.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Note that Sulphureous Remedies are not always convenient in this ca&s;e; wherefore <HI>Senner|tus (in In&s;titut.)</HI> admoni&s;hes rightly: <HI>Lac Sul|phuris</HI> is not to be given alone e&s;pecially, nor in a great quantity: yet it may be mixed with Moi|&s;teners (e&s;pecially a Decoction of China with Rai&s;ins and Lykyrrhize.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deckers in not. ad prax. Barbet. p. m. 93.</NOTE>) And, which is to be ob|&s;erved, from the too much u&s;ing of the <HI>Bal&s;am</HI> of <HI>Sulphur</HI> Practitioners te&s;tify that many have faln into a Phthi&s;is. &para; Whether is it &s;afe to u&s;e the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, and other oily Bal&s;amicks pre|pared of Sulphur with de&s;tilled Oils, in a Phthi&s;is or Exulceration of the Lungs (or other <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI>) that has ari&s;en from &s;alt Humours cau&s;ing a &s;pitting of Blood? <HI>Schroder</HI> with others affirms they may, nor perhaps want there Rea&s;ons for it: becau&s;e fir&s;t, &s;uch Bal&s;amicks increa&s;e the Radical moi&s;ture or Bal&s;am with the innate heat: &s;econdly, they re|fre&s;h the Vital Spirits: thirdly, they temper the acid &s;alts in the <HI>Lympha</HI> and Ma&s;s of Blood, from whence putrefactions proceed, as appears by Me|chanical Chymi&s;try, whil&s;t by &s;uch de&s;tilled Oils the acid corro&s;ive vertue even of <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> may be corrected: fourthly, they are internal Vulne|raries, re&s;i&s;ting Putrefaction; in regard that even externally being dropt into the broth of Fle&s;h, they hinder the &s;ame from putrefying or &s;tinking. But if we will not even in this ca&s;e make &s;light of that common Curative Rule, That Contraries are to be cured by Contraries, we &s;hall certainly have no good &s;ucce&s;s if we undertake to cure a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> or Ulceration of the Lungs with &s;uch Bal&s;am of Sulphur, or other Oleous Bal&s;amicks, made of the Flowers of Sulphur with de&s;tilled Oils. For it is well known that in a Phthi&s;is or Ulcer of the Lungs, or other Internal <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> there is always either a previous, or a pre&s;ent Inflammation, and that not without an inflaming and painful Acid: 'Tis al&s;o well known to all, that the de&s;tilled Oils and other things of which the &s;aid Bal&s;amicks are made, are al&s;o hot, inflammable, and re&s;inous; though few perceive that this is to be imputed to their acid Particles. De&s;tilled Oils and other fat things do h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rm in Di&s;tempers of the Skull and Bones, (being anointed therewith) and in Ery&s;i|pelatous Di&s;tempers they bring on a Gangrene by rea&s;on of their occult Acid: With what &s;ound rea|&s;on therefore can the&s;e things be given in a Phthi&s;is or Ulceration of the Lungs? Be&s;ides, &s;eeing then the dige&s;tive ferments of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are likewi&s;e very weak, and the&s;e Oleous Bal&s;amicks, becau&s;e of their unctuous Acid that is immer&s;ed in the Vo|latil &s;alts, do rather fight again&s;t tho&s;e ferments, as appears from the belching after taking of them, they cannot be brought into act and converted into Volatil &s;alts agreeable to Nature, whence remaining thus crude they are wholly offen&s;ive to Nature, and cau&s;e an irreparable mi&s;chief. Furthermore in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es the whole Ma&s;s of Blood, together with the <HI>Lympha,</HI> is otherwi&s;e grown vappid as it were, &s;o that the Volatil &s;alt, Oleous and Bal&s;amick Par|ticles which are congruous to Nature being &s;pent or re&s;olved herein, the Spirit of Life being be|come weaker, lo&s;es of its light, yea, becomes very little: and when &s;uch Sulphureous Preterna|tural very hot Oils are made u&s;e of, what el&s;e will happen, but that as a greater flame extingui&s;hes a le&s;s, &s;o al&s;o the&s;e things which are hot in an high degree, do utterly extingui&s;h the remainder of the vital flame, or in &s;tead of the vital heat introduce an Hectick? As to the <HI>&s;econd</HI> rea&s;on why they may be u&s;ed, <HI>viz.</HI> becau&s;e they refre&s;h the Vital Spirits; I &s;ay it matters little, though by their &s;ulphur they &s;eem to cheer them a little, unle&s;s they did al&s;o thereby con&s;ume the Morbifick Cau&s;e, and unlock the &s;topt and ob&s;tructed ways, and &s;trengthned the ferments of the <HI>Vi&s;cera.</HI> As to the <HI>third,</HI> 'tis con|fe&s;t indeed that de&s;tilled Oils do allay the corro&s;ive vertue of <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> whil&s;t a weaker Acid corrects a &s;tronger; but what &s;ignifies this to their Internal u&s;e? And la&s;tly, the rea&s;on why the&s;e Bal&s;amick Oils being dropt into Fle&s;h-broth, pre&s;erve it from &s;tinking and corruption, is becau&s;e they defend it from the injury of the Air, even as we &s;ee that the Oil of Sweet Almonds made by expre&s;&s;ion, or the Oil of Olives, keeps Wine in the Ve&s;&s;el from cor|rupting; But what is this to the pre&s;ent bu&s;ine&s;s? It proves nothing; for the operation of the&s;e Bal|&s;ams in Mans Body differs far from that which they have in other things without the Body:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. clav. Schrod. p. 375.</NOTE> In the for|mer there is a fermental heat; in the later a pu|tredinal, elementary.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Among&s;t <HI>Ab&s;tergers</HI> and <HI>Mundifiers</HI> of an <HI>&V;lcer,</HI> I have hitherto found no Medicin, which being u&s;ed either outwardly or inwardly, has &s;o &s;afely and quickly not only clean&s;ed, but al&s;o clo&s;ed up fre&s;h Ulcers, as the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, when the Patients could and would make u&s;e of it: Now I prefer that before the re&s;t which is made with the Oil of Ani&s;eeds,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. tract. 4. append. &s;ect. 180, &amp; 186.</NOTE> though it may be al&s;o made with the Oils of Amber, Juniper, Venice Turpentine, Nuts, and other things. &para; The toughne&s;s of the Matter which hinders Re&s;piration, is loo&s;ned by inciding Medicins, and &s;o is ea&s;ilier cough'd up. For this purpo&s;e I do in like manner commend the <HI>Bal&s;am of Sulphur</HI> prepared with the Oil of Ani&s;eeds, as being not only good for clean|&s;ing and clo&s;ing up of the Ulcer, but al&s;o makes the <HI>Pus</HI> it &s;elf more thin and fluid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, &s;ect. 199.</NOTE> and &s;o promotes and facilitates its excretion.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In this ca&s;e &s;ome commend not only the <HI>Flowers</HI> of <HI>Sulphur</HI> and the Bal&s;am, but al&s;o the <HI>Milk,</HI> whereof yet I never ob&s;erved any notable effect, though I have oft given it to my Patients,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, &s;ect. 190.</NOTE> and have al&s;o &s;een it given by others.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Injections</HI> made <HI>into the cavity of the Brea&s;t</HI> help very much, when the outer &s;urface or &s;ub&s;tance of the Lungs is Ulcerated, if the Ulcer be cau&s;ed by a Wound in the Brea&s;t that extends to the Lungs, &s;eeing in that ca&s;e there is an open way whereby this may be done. And by the u&s;e hereof (&s;uch things being in the mean time given al&s;o in|wardly as are proper in other Exu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cerations) I have &s;een a Man recovered and live many years after, who was &s;tabb'd in his Brea&s;t as far as his Lungs, from whence there aro&s;e an U<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cer therein, and corrupted pieces of his Lungs came &s;ometimes
<PB N="496" REF="220"> forth of the Wound, and the Man was become quite Tabid: I know another al&s;o who evacuated a Bloody, &s;anious, and purulent Matter through a Wound in his Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plater. tom. 3. p. 436.</NOTE> that by the u&s;e hereof was relieved a good while ago and is &s;till alive.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. The Catarrh is fir&s;t to be &s;topt: There|fore I per&s;uade the whole Head to be &s;haven, and <HI>Ve&s;icatories</HI> to be applied thereto, fir&s;t of the more gentle, but at length I come to the &s;tronger, even to <HI>Cantharides.</HI> I applied Ve&s;icatories to the Head of a certain Noble Lady that labour'd under a Phthi&s;is, improperly &s;o called, (namely that aro&s;e from a Catarrh de&s;cending from the Head and pu|trefying in the Lungs, whereby the Body u&s;es to wa&s;te, and the &s;ame &s;ymptoms follow as do upon an Exulceration of the Lungs) and Nature &s;upplied that which we could not do, all her Head being co|ver'd with Bladders and Cru&s;ts, and &s;he was cured of this Catarrh, and is &s;till alive. Afterwards I would come to the draining al&s;o of the Brea&s;t and Lungs, and would bli&s;ter all the Brea&s;t; and at length would make I&s;&s;ues upon both Arms, and &s;o the Matter would exhale every where, and the pu|trefaction by that means cea&s;e, and there will be a diver&s;ion of the Matter. Whence <HI>Galen</HI> in a true Phthi&s;is orders Cauteries or I&s;&s;ues upon the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montan. con&s;. 147.</NOTE> to drain it.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The diver&s;ion of a Catarrh is mo&s;t con|veniently performed by <HI>Fontanels</HI> or I&s;&s;ues, which I cannot &s;ufficiently commend, &s;eeing I my &s;elf have &s;een &s;uch cured by them as have been half Phthi&s;ical, who cough'd up both Blood and Mat|ter: for the Acrimonious Humour that flows from the Head upon the Brea&s;t, is fitly evacuated by them. I knew a Man who had been Con&s;umptive a long time, of a Melancholick Con&s;titution of Body, and who had u&s;ed divers other Remedies in vain, whom I not only cured in a fortnight of the defluxion from his Head upon the inferior parts by making an I&s;&s;ue in his left Arm, but his Body al&s;o &s;omewhat recovered its vigour and lo&s;t Fle&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabrit. Hild. Epi&s;t. 49.</NOTE> &para; A Girl had a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> in the middle of her Hip, and for three years together had been in &s;everal hands to no purpo&s;e, but being cured at length, &s;he fell into a plentiful &s;pitting of Blood after three or four Months. Though &s;he was hardly ten years old, I pre&s;ently let her Blood in the Foot of that &s;ide which the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> had been on; and then Purging her, and making an I&s;&s;ue near the place where the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> had been, I readily deliver'd her from a very imminent <HI>Tabes.</HI> This &s;pitting of Blood came from no other Cau&s;e than from that Acrimonious and Bilious Matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Spigel. de corp. hum. fabric. l. 5. c. 3.</NOTE> which having no exit any longer by the <HI>Fi&s;tula,</HI> afterwards a&s;cended to the Lungs by the Branches of the <HI>Vena Cava.</HI></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. We may u&s;e <HI>Fontanels</HI> in a Fluxion from the Head: for whil&s;t the Ulcer is fed by the de&s;tillation, a Fontanel is indicated, as a Revel|ling Remedy; nor is there any prohibent Indica|tion, e&s;pecialy when the U<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cer is &s;mall, and the Malady new. <HI>Trallianus</HI> &s;aith, That in an old Ul|cer, and a long-continued Phthi&s;is, the Patients are not to be afflicted, or rather tormented with Fontanels or Cauteries. If the Malady be very vehement, it is to be made in the Coronal Suture, that Revul&s;ion may be made: and if the de&s;tilla|tion be fed by the inferior parts, as by the Liver, let I&s;&s;ues be made in the Thighs. They are not to be deferred, as many u&s;e to do; for after a while no &s;uch thing is to be done, in a plentiful Defluxi|on, not only to the &s;aid parts, but not below the <HI>Occiput.</HI> We mu&s;t u&s;e them therefore betimes; for afterwards when there is an hot Di&s;temper in the Lungs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac.</NOTE> and the Fluxion is dimini&s;hed, the I&s;|&s;ue may be dried up. &para; When the Matter is pre|cipitated from the Brain upon the Lungs, which cau&s;es an increa&s;e of the Ulcer, what is then to be done? I &s;ay, if the Ulcer &s;hould be &s;uch as that there might be any hopes to induce a <HI>Callus</HI> upon it, a Cautery applied to the Coronal Suture would notably contribute to health; for it cau&s;es no pain there, nor is it at all dangerous. We make u&s;e of a Cautery here, to make the <HI>Callus</HI> the firme<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, which otherwi&s;e could not be firm at all becau&s;e of the de&s;tillations; and by the incur&s;ion of the Catarrh it would be apt to be fretted off, whence the Ulcer would become al&s;o greater. But when there is no hope of making a <HI>Callus,</HI> we ought not to u&s;e a Cautery without a Progno&s;tick; declaring that there is no nope of curing the Party, but that with the Ble&s;&s;ing of God his Life may be a while pro|longed by the Cautery, for the Ulcer will become the cleaner. But take heed of applying Cauteries when Death is not far off, and the Body is wa&s;ted, for fear of a Gangrene.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The Son of Mr. <HI>N.</HI> twenty years old, had labour'd under a Fluxion for two Months, fal|ling upon his Lungs with a Cough, frequent Re|&s;piration and a &s;low Fever, &s;o that he &s;eem'd to be ready to fall into a Con&s;umption. I pre&s;cribed Bleeding, Purging with Manna, Medical Broths, and other ordinary Remedies: but the chief was an <HI>I&s;&s;ue</HI> made in each <HI>Arm-hole,</HI> which mo&s;t power|fully derives Fluxions falling upon the Brea&s;t, and Humours contained therein; and hereby he was recovered in a months time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 2. ob&s; 61.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. A Noble Matron had labour'd for &s;ome years under a de&s;tillation upon her Brea&s;t, and that &s;o violent, that &s;he was nothing benefited by Medicins: At length the Malady being &s;o far in|crea&s;ed, that &s;he cought up not only. Purulent Matter plentifully, but al&s;o Blood, and was run|ning into an Hectick, I being advis'd withal, be&s;ides convenient Diet and Medicins, made moreover a <HI>Seton</HI> in the <HI>Nape of her Neck;</HI> by the benefit whereof &s;he was re&s;tored in a &s;hort time to admi|ration, &s;o that &s;he had Children afterwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. cent. 3. ob&s;. 38.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. The Ancients greatly approved of the u&s;e of <HI>Baths. Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de Morb.</HI> &s;ays, That a Tabid Per&s;on mu&s;t bathe in luke-warm Water all but his Head, which ought very rarely to be wa&s;hed. But we mu&s;t con&s;ider that it is not expe|dient for all Tabid Per&s;ons, &s;eeing there is a ma|nifold cau&s;e of a <HI>Tabes;</HI> for it will do hurt, when the Blood flows, has flown, or 'tis feared is about to flow: al&s;o when a Fluxion falls from the Head, and likewi&s;e when the Lungs are very full of Ex|crements: it will do good only in a <HI>Tabes</HI> or Exte|nuation of the whole, without any defluxion; or in that which is cau&s;ed by an Ulcer in the Lungs, by correcting the drine&s;s of the whole, and apply|ing a moi&s;ture like to that of Nature, and by tem|pering the Preternatural heat. Yet you are not bound to u&s;e this &s;ort of Remedy either long, or frequently, or in all ca&s;es alike, but according to the Con&s;titution and &s;tate of the Body: becau&s;e tho&s;e who are of a rare habit, are more &s;lowly and &s;eldom to be wa&s;hed, nor are they to be kept long in the Bath: neither tho&s;e for the &s;ame rea&s;on who are become very Tabid, for their puny &s;trength will be di&s;&s;olved thereby. But you &s;hall bathe tho&s;e oftener and longer who are Tabid from an Ulcer in their Lungs; and that by &s;o much the more often and longer while, by how much the Di|&s;ea&s;e is but yet a beginning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. cap. de phthi&s;i.</NOTE> &para; In a Fever that proceeds from an Ulcer of the Lungs, &s;eeing it is not Hectick but Putrid, (though 'tis not to be de|nied that &s;ometimes an Hectick is joined with it in proce&s;s of time) Baths are in no wi&s;e to be made u&s;e of; for they do not only do no good, but al&s;o much hurt, as it has been ob&s;erved in many. But that they are good in an Hectick, unle&s;s it have a Pu|trid Fever joined with it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato, con&s;. 86. apud Scholtz.</NOTE> none that is skill'd in Phy&s;ick is ignorant of.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. All Antimonial Medicins, both Dia|phoretick, Purgative, and Vomitive, free the Blood from <HI>Pus</HI> better perhaps than all other Me|dicins; which Antimonials I have more than once
<PB N="497" REF="220"> ob&s;erved to have brought out by Stool and Urine a good quantity of <HI>Pus</HI> in a Phthi&s;is and great in|veterate Ulcer of the Lungs, &s;o that for many days afterwards there was no <HI>Pus</HI> expelled by coughing. That there was an Ulcer appeared by the di&s;&s;ection of the dead Body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. prax. med. l. 1. c. 24. &s;ect. 20.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Galen,</HI> the Ma&s;ter of Phy&s;icians, &s;ent Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons to <HI>Tabiae,</HI> not that he might quit him&s;elf of their Cure, but for the drying up of the Ulcer and Fluxion, by breathing in a pure Air endued with a drying faculty, and &s;ea&s;on'd with the Bal&s;amick vertue of the Plants growing there. Some years ago I &s;ent thither a Nobleman of our Coun|try (by name <HI>Cotton</HI>) who was &s;ick of a confirm'd Phthi&s;is, and &s;pit <HI>Pus</HI> with Blood, being like a Skeleton clad in Parchment for leanne&s;s; who at his return, being throughly recover'd, Married, living in good health in his Family, and became the Father of &s;everal Children. I have &s;een a Nobleman (that the efficacy of the Air in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs may appear) who was twice cured of a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> that &s;ucceeded a deep Wound in the op|po&s;ite &s;ide of his Brea&s;t. He went into <HI>Spain,</HI> where after five years the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> clo&s;ed up: but returning hither home again, into a cold and moi&s;t Climate, the <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> broke out again of its own ac|cord; whereupon going into <HI>Spain</HI> again, he was cured by the like &s;tay. Whence it is clear that the Air,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de Mayerne, tract. de Arthrit. p. 64.</NOTE> which pa&s;&s;es through all the Pipes of the Lungs, does exert its vertue more effectually than any other Remedy, by its natural or a&s;cititious qualities.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Yet from &s;uch change of place all do not receive help alike; for many going into <HI>France</HI> or into Country Villages, do find there rather their Graves than Health: yea, <HI>London</HI> is not pre|&s;ently to be left by all Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons; for I have known &s;everal &s;ubject to a Cough and Phthi|&s;ick, that have been better in this &s;moaky Air than in the Country. So that for the curing of the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, whil&s;t &s;ome avoid this City as Hell, others betake them&s;elves to it as a City of Refuge. The rea&s;ons hereof appear clear enough from the Doctrine of Re&s;piration: Namely, we have &s;hewn that the Blood pa&s;&s;ing through the Lungs, both as to its accen&s;ion or vitality, and as to its motion depends very much upon the Nitrous Air that is re|ceived in in In&s;piration; whence it follows that the Tenour of this ought to be proportioned to the Cra&s;is of that, that the Blood being moderately accended in the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> may burn clearly and briskly, both without &s;moak and &s;oot, and al&s;o without too vehement a Flame; and thereupon may pa&s;s through the Pneumonick Ve&s;&s;els freely enough, without &s;top or depo&s;iting its Excrements. Wherefore an Air that is moi&s;t, foggy, and not ventilated with Winds, as it is whol&s;om for none, &s;o is it mo&s;t hurtful to &s;uch as are troubled with Coughs: On the contrary, a &s;erene and mild Air, enjoying the Sun and Wind moderately, as it is whol&s;om for all, &s;o is it friendly to all Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons. As to other Conditions of In&s;piration, &s;ome avoid or lo&s;e a Cough by living in mountain|ous and open places, where the impending Atmo|&s;phere, being de&s;titute of all thick, &s;moaky, and feculent Vapours, abounds with Nitrous Particles: For &s;uch who&s;e Blood being thick and feculent is full of an impure Sulphur, and has need of a very thin and nitrous Air to kindle it rightly, and to con&s;ume its feculencies by the accen&s;ion; if their Lungs be not too tender, but firm and &s;trong enough, they endure the &s;tronger appul&s;es of &s;uch like Particles: On the contrary, &s;uch as have Blood that is thin and &s;ubtil, ea&s;ily di&s;&s;oluble, and endued with a more pure, but very little &s;ulphur, and have al&s;o Lungs that are tender, &s;oft, and being of a more rare texture are very &s;en&s;ible; the&s;e not enduring a nitrous and rough Air, re|ceive mo&s;t benefit by that which is thick, and chiefly by the Sulphureous: Wherefore 'tis be&s;t for the&s;e to breath in the fat and more dull Air of a &s;moaky City, namely, &s;uch as may afford a &s;ul|phur (which is wanting in &s;ome &s;ort) as well as nitre to the hungry and too thin Blood, and may a little incra&s;&s;ate and fix its &s;ubtil and over di&s;&s;i|pable con&s;i&s;tence; and may moreover dull the &s;ub|&s;tance of the Lungs, or their over &s;en&s;ible and rare texture, and fence them again&s;t the encoun|tring of the too &s;harp and improportioned Air. Indeed it is clear by frequent Experience, that a thick Air, if it be withal &s;ulphureous, is very benign to &s;ome (that I &s;ay not to all) Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons. 'Tis commonly ob&s;erv'd that tho&s;e Countreys where their firing is Turf, which in burning &s;ends forth a very &s;ulphureous &s;mell, are more rarely infe&s;ted with Con&s;umptions: yea, tho&s;e places are very whol&s;om for tho&s;e who are &s;ubject to a Phthi&s;is, and &s;ometimes recover them who have faln thereinto. Whereto add, that a &s;uffu|migation of Sulphur and Ar&s;enick (which is very full of Sulphur) though it be the la&s;t, yet is a very effectual Remedy for the cure of almo&s;t de|plorable Ulcers of the Lungs. Now the rea&s;on why a Sulphureous Air is &s;o agreeable to &s;ome Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons, is, fir&s;t, Becau&s;e by in&s;piring &s;uch an Air, as well the jejune and hungry Blood as the tender and ea&s;ily offended Lungs are both helped and &s;pared; &s;econdly, Becau&s;e the Sul|phureous Particles that are in&s;pired together with the Nitrous, do very greatly prevent or take away the acidities of what&s;oever Humours (from which Acidities the Fluxions and Extrava&s;ations of the Humours do chiefly ari&s;e.) And truly for this rea&s;on it is that Sulphureous Medicins do give that notable relief to Coughing or Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons: and therefore, as was &s;aid before, Sulphur is cal|led the Bal&s;am of the Lungs: for as Bal&s;amicks being applied to an Ulcer or Wound, take away the acidity of the Ichor that i&s;&s;ues out, and cor|rupts, or grievou&s;ly irritates the Fibres; do likewi&s;e ea&s;e the Pain, and afterwards cure the &s;o|lution of Continuity: &s;o al&s;o the Sulphureous Particles conveyed into the Lungs either with the Air or with the Blood, in as much as they prevent or de&s;troy the acidities of all the Humours, <HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>Cruor</HI> or Blood, <HI>Lympha, Serum,</HI> Nervous and Nutritious Juice, do very much contribute to the prevention or cure of a Phthi&s;is.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Modern Phy&s;icians do recommend Snails to the Phthi&s;ical and Hectick, induced no doubt by the Authority of <HI>Galen,</HI> who 3. <HI>de alim. facult. c.</HI> 3. affirms that the Fle&s;h of Snails doth nou|ri&s;h very much. But &s;eeing the &s;ame Per&s;on, and the matter it &s;elf teach, that they are of difficult Concoction, and do not afford a good Juice, it is apparent hence that they are not good. For &s;eeing the Phthi&s;ical labour under a lingring putrid Fe|ver, and moreover the natural faculty in the Sto|mach and Liver, yea, in the whole Body is weak, it will not be able to conquer Meat of difficult concoction, whereby many Excrements will re|dound, both in the whole Body, and al&s;o in the Lungs them&s;elves; or therefore becau&s;e they are of evil Juice. Moreover the &s;ame thing will happen here as in Wounds, which pour forth a more plentiful <HI>Sanies</HI> if the Patient feed upon bad Victuals; and many &s;uperfluities will be heaped up from the Ulcer in the Lungs, and much <HI>Pus,</HI> from which there is the greate&s;t danger. And if we &s;hould grant that the extream part of the Snails, which <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> calls <GAP DESC="foreign">, is more ea&s;ily conco|cted, it is to be under&s;tood only in compari&s;on to the re&s;t.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. I have &s;een many become &s;uppurated and Tabid without any preceding De&s;tillation, or any Inflammatory Affection, or any Defluxion foregoing. Hence from Rea&s;on and Experience I &s;ay, that be&s;ides the ordinary Cau&s;es, there are
<PB N="498" REF="221"> two hidden ones of Suppurated and Tabid Lungs; one is the languor and weakne&s;s of the part, the other the badne&s;s of the nouri&s;hment: which two Cau&s;es concurring, the Lungs are ea&s;ily &s;uppurated and wax tabid, without a de&s;tillation, or an Ulcer, or any other particular Affection preceding. This weakne&s;s is contracted from the Parents, and con|ceives Corruption and Putrefaction, not through any Intemperture, but through the vitiated Sub|&s;tance which is made too flaggy by Nature: yet &s;uch do not grow Tabid before they come towards Maturity, becau&s;e till that Age they are nouri&s;hed with a mild and &s;weet Blood, becau&s;e the innate hear, that is much in quantity and &s;weet in qua|lity, abounds, whence an equal nutrition is per|formed. But when they are arrived at their <HI>Ju|ventus</HI> or ripe Age, their innate heat beginning to become &s;omewhat Acrimonious and le&s;s kindly, they breed a like Blood, which, the further their Age proceeds, becomes al&s;o the more Acrimonious and un&s;weet, as does al&s;o their innate heat: and at length their Blood acquires a &s;alti&s;h or acrimo|nious quality, whereof an undue aliment being made, the Lungs are di&s;po&s;ed to corruption. Whence in the&s;e Per&s;ons a naughty Excrement ac|crewing from this bad Nutrition, there begins a little &s;hort Cough with &s;pitting of various Matter, which is a &s;ign of the Corruption beginning in the Bowel. Now I have attempted and performed the Cure hereof by &s;uch things as might correct the Blood and make it mild, and might abate of its acrimony and &s;altne&s;s; as Baths of &s;weet Water, drinking of Milk, Meats of like nature, tempe|rate and moi&s;tening Anointings, the decoction of the Root of <HI>China,</HI> and other things of this qua|lity: with which I have u&s;ed al&s;o &s;uch things as might re&s;i&s;t the Putrefaction, Corruption, and Flaggine&s;s of the Bowel, and might chiefly re&s;pect the Lungs. But I have principally made u&s;e of this as a mo&s;t &s;ingular and powerful Medicin, by the help whereof I have performed wonderful and al|mo&s;t incredible things, not only in the cure of a <HI>Tabes,</HI> whether imminent or beginning, but al&s;o in &s;alt De&s;tillations, e&s;pecially the thin, in long con|tinued Fluxions of the Blood cau&s;ed by its ardour or heat, and in many other rebellious Di&s;ea&s;es: The Medicin is a <HI>decoction of Saunders,</HI> made al|mo&s;t in the &s;ame manner as the decoction of <HI>Guaia|cum,</HI> &s;ometimes in &s;imple di&s;tilled Waters, &s;ome|times with the addition of a little Wine either white or red,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P Salius, comm. in text. 5. &s;ect. 3. l. 1. de morb See Fernel. de part. morb. l. 5. c. 10.</NOTE> with re&s;pect to the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;ometimes other ways: the manner of taking it is the &s;ame with that of <HI>Guaiacum.</HI> I advi&s;ed the Pa|tients to leave their Country Soil, and change their Native Air for a purer, at lea&s;t to alter it.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Many Students become Tabid by over much Study as is &s;uppo&s;ed, but rather from the Candle &s;moak which they draw in with the Air in their clo&s;e Studies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Borellus, cent. 2. ob&s;. 59.</NOTE> as has been very profitably ob|&s;erved by <HI>Placaeus</HI> a Profe&s;&s;or at <HI>Saumur.</HI></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. A Woman after &s;pitting of Blood fell into a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> with an <HI>Hectick;</HI> &s;he cough'd up purulent Matter tinctur'd with Blood; was trou|bled with Colliquating Sweats and difficulty of breathing; yet was cured by this only Medicin. <HI>Take of the Roots of Comphrey, Foalfoot, and Ele|campane,</HI> of each &s;ix-ounces, boil them in as much Water as &s;uffices, till they are foft: then pound them, and pa&s;s them through a Sieve: <HI>Take of Rai&s;ins and Corinths,</HI> of each half a pound, boil them in the Liquor wherein the Roots were boiled, and extract their Pulp in the &s;ame manner: <HI>Take of Sage, Betony, Hy&s;&s;op, Speedwel, Ground-Ivy, and Lungwort,</HI> of each an hand ul, boil them in the Li|quor that remains from the Rai&s;ins and Corinths: <HI>Take of this Decoction &s;trained, and of Sugar-Candy,</HI> of each one pound, boil them to a con&s;i&s;tence, and then &s;train them, and add of the <HI>Pulp of the Roots, Rai&s;ins, and Corinths, of Sweet Almonds blanched, and fre&s;h Pine-Apples well pounded, of each three ounces, of Cinamon two drachms, of Saffron a &s;cruple:</HI> mix them and make an Electuary. By the &s;ame Medicin, very little changed, I cured my Son of three years old, who after he had e&s;caped from the <HI>Petechiae,</HI> had Impo&s;thumes gather and break in his Lungs four times, &s;o that he expectorated <HI>Pus</HI> in great plenty, and was wa&s;ted to Skin and Bone. Otherwi&s;e a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> is a dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e, not only becau&s;e the Medicins cannot come in their entire &s;trength to the part affected, but al&s;o becau&s;e of the &s;ub&s;tance it &s;elf of the Lungs, which accord|ing to <HI>Maipighius</HI> is not fle&s;hy, but con&s;i&s;ts of Mem|branous Bladders: Now a Membrane is a Sperma|tick part, which being con&s;umed is not regenerat|ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gott. Chri&s;ts Winclerus, mi&s;c. Cur. an. 76. ob&s;. 95.</NOTE> &para; I know a Maid of about twenty years of Age, that is &s;trong and juicy, who in her &s;eventh year was Phthi&s;ical and Hectick, and given over by her Phy&s;icians, to whom her Sagacious Mother gave daily for &s;ix weeks together half a pint of the decoction of Foalfoot-Flowers with a little Sugar, whereby &s;he recovered.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. <HI>A certain Man was grown Tabid and wa&s;ted, and received no nouri&s;hment from the Food he took: he was nothing benefited by any of the Medicins he took, whether purging upward or down|ward: But being bled &s;everal times in each Arm, till almo&s;t all his Blood was taken from him, he was then at length relieved and cured of his Malady. Hippocr.</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> The Di&s;ea&s;e aro&s;e from a great di&s;&s;ipation of the Aliment all his Body over, and from an hot and dry Intemperies, which was either in the Fle&s;h it &s;elf without an Humour, or was fed by a very hot Blood; in which Affection Purgers are &s;o far from relieving, that they even in|crea&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, though a Melancholick Blood nouri&s;h'd the whole Body, and Melanagogues were given; becau&s;e (as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath written in his Book of <HI>Purgers</HI>) when the Fle&s;h is hot, it di|&s;tracts or draws a&s;ide the very Medicin; how much more nece&s;&s;ary was it that it &s;hould be di&s;tracted in this Per&s;on, in whom it was &s;uckt immediately from the Stomach? Seeing therefore Purgers are hot and dry, they increa&s;ed the <HI>Intemperies,</HI> and therefore all the Symptoms. Whence therefore could he rather expect help than from cooling of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. com. in loc. See Lindanus in &s;elect. Exerc. 13, &amp; 14. Beniven. c. 44. de abdi|tis: Dodo|naeus annot. in id cap.</NOTE> that upon extingui&s;hing the heat the di&s;&s;ipation might cea&s;e, and this cea&s;ing the &s;uck|ing might cea&s;e? And for cooling the Body, no greater Remedy was invented by the Ancients than bleeding till the Patient &s;wooned, or became al|mo&s;t without Blood.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. A certain Lord being &s;ubject a long time to a &s;alt De&s;tillation, fear'd a Con&s;umption: Namely the Hemorrhoids being &s;topt, e&s;pecially the External, there returns by the <HI>Vena Cava</HI> (and great Artery) a Bilious and Phlegmatick &s;alt Blood, which in tract of time acquiring an acri|mony, erodes the Ve&s;&s;els, whence comes a <HI>Tabes.</HI> But this Per&s;on was rid of all fear by having the <HI>Hemorrhoids</HI> flowing for two years, yea, the noxi|ous Humour of his Body was thereby amended.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. cent. 2. ob&s;. 9.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. For helping in &s;ome mea&s;ure the lo&s;t <HI>Ap|petite,</HI> which is a common &s;ymptom with Phthi&s;ical People, I think there has not a more convenient Remedy been as yet di&s;covered than <HI>Elixir proprie|tatis</HI> taken in Wine or other convenient Liquor to five or &s;ix drops about half an hour before Meal. For &s;eeing this Elixir con&s;i&s;ts of Myrrhe, Saffron, and Aloes, with the Oil of Sulphur prepared <HI>per campanam,</HI> and the Spirit of Wine dige&s;ted to|gether; upon the account of the Myrrh, as al&s;o of the Saffron, it is good for The Phthi&s;ick and Cough; and the Aloes incides the Phlegmatick vi&s;cid Hu|mour, and brings it forth gently and &s;lowly, yea, and does attenuate the <HI>Pus</HI> it &s;elf: be&s;ides, all the&s;e are good for clean&s;ing the Ulcer; &s;o that it is a mo&s;t convenient Medicin for a Phthi&s;is, who&s;e Acidity may be temper'd with a &s;weeter
<PB N="499" REF="221"> mixture wherein it may be taken. The &s;ame Me|dicin will likewi&s;e promote the fermentation of Aliments in the Stomach that is hindred by the toughne&s;s or clammine&s;s of the <HI>Pus</HI> which is &s;ent into all the Humours of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. tract. 4. append. &s;ect. 180, &amp; 186.</NOTE> and &s;o likewi&s;e will lighten the weight that is trouble&s;om to the Patients after Meal.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. As to drink, Wine that is generous and al&s;o &s;weet is commended, &s;uch as Malm&s;ey, and that which is not har&s;h; yet Claret is allowed in colder Climates; White is often found to be too acrimonious. And though that &s;tronger Wine be never fully fermented, yet it is not therefore more hurtful, but more profitable. For by that part which is &s;ufficiently fermented it recruits the Ani|mal Spirits that are withal enfeebled, or not &s;o well drawn out of the Aliments; and by that part which is not fermented it breeds laudable Blood, and &s;upplies plentiful and profitable Matter for making Animal Spirit. In the mean while it is to be taken in a &s;mall quantity, and conveniently with Bisket, whether &s;imple or &s;ugared, by the help whereof it is longer &s;tayed in the Stomach, affects the Brain le&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. prax. med. l. 1. c. 24. &s;ect. 20.</NOTE> and recruits all the faculties, as is clear from Experience.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. There is no better Remedy for a Phthi&s;is than an healthful Womans Milk.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rid. Ho&s;m.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Take of the Blood of an Hog a year old and newly kill'd four pound, of the Leaves of Foalfoot and Scabious of each two handfuls, of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es and Borage of each an ounce and half, of the Water of Foalfoot fifteen ounces: mix them and di&s;til them. Sweeten it with <HI>Manus Chri&s;ti</HI> as much as is &s;ufficient, and take half an ounce of it every morning fa&s;ting. This is good in an Ulcer of the Lungs, and when the Body is wa&s;ted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. A decoction of Bugle in Mutton Broth is ex|ceeding good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. pr. med.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> contributes much to the Cure of Ulcers in the Lungs, if a drop of it being made up into a Pill or two with Sugar be given daily.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. The&s;e following Pills are of great efficacy: Take of the Ma&s;s of <HI>Pil. Ruffi</HI> an ounce, of <HI>An|timon. diaph<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ret.</HI> and Gum Arabick, of each half a drachm; with Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> make a Ma&s;s of Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> of which take a &s;cruple every day for a Month.</P>
<P N="6">6. Take of green Foalfoot eight handfuls, of Hy&s;&s;op two handfuls, cut them, and put them up in an Earthen Pot with a little Water: Lute on the cover which mu&s;t have a hole in the top, but &s;o that the hole be al&s;o luted. Put the Pot in an Oven when the Bread is half baked, and take it out again when the Bread is baked enough, and opening the hole in the Cover put a Funnel in it, and &s;o draw the Smoak by your Mouth into your Lungs, and breath it out again by your No&s;e. It wonderfully helps Expectoration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. Take of new Goats Milk four pound, of fre&s;h Snails clean&s;ed with Salt and good Water (and &s;haken a little that the Milk may the better penetrate them) to the number of twenty, of Ro&s;emary, and if you plea&s;e of Foalfoot and Wall-rue, of each &s;o much as to make an handful in all: boil them gently to the con&s;umption of a fourth part of the Milk: Strain it and keep it. Drink hereof every Morning and Evening about half a pint warm with an ounce of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Zwelf. pharm.</NOTE> or with the &s;ame quantity of white Sugar-Candy.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The <HI>Pleuri&s;y.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The generation and methodical Cure of a Pleuri&s;y. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bleeding</HI> is good in every <HI>true</HI> Pleuri&s;y, and in every Per&s;on. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be performed after the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Blood be always to be let till it change co|lour. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms what Vein is to be open'd. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Bleeding be good in a Pe&s;tilential and Epi|demical Pleuri&s;y. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be opened while the Terms flow. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes the Vein will not bleed through the violence of the pain. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding is hurtful in a flatulent Pleuri&s;y. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not always to be repeated for the increa&s;e of the accidents. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vein is not to be opened in the Tabid Pleuritical. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Woman nine months gone with Child cured by Bleeding four times, and happily deliver'd. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding is not good in a Pleuri&s;y which is cau&s;ed by a Fluxion from the Head. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A few large Bleedings are better than many &s;mall. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding performed on the ninth day with profit. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pleuri&s;y of both &s;ides cured by large Bleeding. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding is hurtful to tho&s;e who have a pain in their Side from thick vi&s;cid Humours. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue of <HI>Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es</HI> and Scarifications ap|plied to the part. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Pleuri&s;y may be cured by <HI>Paracente&s;is</HI> or Tapping. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pleuri&s;y that could only be cured by Section. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is place for <HI>Purgation. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgation is hurtful in a true Pleuri&s;y. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge in a de&s;cending Pleuri&s;y. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;y cured by purging. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Catharticks</HI> and <HI>Vomitories</HI> help. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Pleuri&s;y</HI> is &s;ometimes cured by <HI>Emeticks. XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Diareticks</HI> be profitable. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is place for them. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of <HI>Diaphoreticks</HI> and <HI>Hydroticks. XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to u&s;e the Flowers of red Poppy. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cured by the Vulnerary Decoction. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue and nature of <HI>Antipleuriticks. XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of the fault and lentor of the Blood. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>&s;purious</HI> and <HI>flatulent</HI> Pleuri&s;y. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Antipleuritick Pouders are hurtful in a Phlegmatick Pleuri&s;y. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eclegma</HI>'s or Lambitives are hurtful in the beginning. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sugared</HI> things are to be ab&s;tained from in a <HI>Chole|rick</HI> Pleuri&s;y. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Acid Potions</HI> be profitable. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Narcoticks</HI> be to be admitted. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too <HI>hot</HI> things are not to be given. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Repriments</HI> are not to be applied. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fomentations</HI> are to be u&s;ed prudently. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Empla&s;ticks are not to be added to <HI>Liniments. XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may u&s;e a <HI>Bath. XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Sleep be to be kept off. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to di&s;tingui&s;h a <HI>Pleripneumony</HI> from either Pleu|ri&s;y or Peripneumony. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="500" REF="222">
<ITEM>A Pleuri&s;y has its Cri&s;is &s;ometimes by &V;rine. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All the Reliques are to be exterminated for fear of a Relap&s;e. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to cure the <HI>fal&s;e Pleuri&s;y</HI> of Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pain like to that of a Pleuri&s;y is induced by divers Cau&s;es. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pleuri&s;y re&s;embling the Colick. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pleuritical pain ari&s;ing from Worms, is to he cured by &s;uch things as kill them. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;y</HI> from a Serous Humour. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Malignant</HI> Pleuri&s;y having its &s;eat in the lower Belly. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The knowledge and Cure of a <HI>Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;y</HI> pro|ceeding from a <HI>&s;alt Humour. LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the Pain that attends upon a confirmed Peripncumony, an Ab&s;ce&s;s or &V;lcer of the Lungs. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Pain rai&s;ed from a <HI>Vomica</HI> of the Lungs. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicins.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is an Opinion commonly received among Phy&s;icians, That that continued Fever which joins it &s;elf as a Companion to the Pleuri&s;y, has its ri&s;e from a Phlegmon of the Membrane that lines the Ribs on the in&s;ide and is near the Heart, and &s;o in re&s;pect of the Pleuri&s;y comes under the notion of a Symptom. Nor does this Opinion al|together di&s;plea&s;e me. In the mean time I think on the other hand, that a Pleuri&s;y comes under the notion of a Symptom in regard to that e&s;&s;ential Fever with which the Patient was fir&s;t taken, name|ly, before ever the Pleuri&s;y &s;uperven'd; but when this comes on, the former Fever &s;eems to lay down its genius, or rather to be changed into a Pleuri&s;y, which now from the afore&s;aid Phleg|mon acquires to it &s;elf a new Fever, and is attended by it: and this later Fever &s;pringing thus, walks hand in hand with the Pleuri&s;y, and &s;tands and falls with it. Indeed I think it would be very hard for any, upon diligent examination, to pro|duce an In&s;tance of a Pleuritical Per&s;on who was taken with a Pain in his Side (which is &s;o full a &s;ign of this Di&s;ea&s;e) before he was &s;en&s;ible of &s;ome attack of a Fever, at lea&s;t a more light one: For that Pain &s;ometimes indeed invades &s;ooner, &s;ometimes later; but (as far as I could hitherto ob&s;erve) never but after a Fever; and hence (in compliance with mine own opinion) I number a Pleuri&s;y among&s;t the accidents that follow a Fever. Now I &s;uppo&s;e a Pleuri&s;y ari&s;es from the precipi|tation of the Febrile Matter into the <HI>Pleura</HI> or In|terco&s;tal Mu&s;cles, and that this happens indeed in the very beginning almo&s;t of a Fever, whil&s;t the Matter is as yet crude and un&s;ubdued by a fit ebul|lition, and &s;o unprepared for a due &s;eparation by more convenient places: And this mi&s;chief is very oft introduc'd by the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of hot Medicins, as the Counte&s;s of <HI>Kents</HI> Pouder, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and with the intent generally, to provoke Sweat in the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the Fever. Becau&s;e Nature being di&s;turbed by this means, is compelled to ex|pel the Humours as yet crude, by any way that lies open, and &s;o the Febrile Matter is &s;ometimes car|ried with violence into the Membranes of the Brain, whence comes a Phren&s;y; &s;ometimes to the <HI>Pleura,</HI> whence a Pleuri&s;y; e&s;pecially where the Age and Temperament, and the Sea&s;on of the year, betwixt Spring and Summer, do al&s;o concur.</P>
<P>Therefore for the removal of this Symptom I u&s;e this method. Forthwith I order (if the Ca&s;e permit it) Blood to be let liberally out of the Arm on the &s;ame &s;ide with the pained &s;ide, and by and by &s;ome fitting Ointment to be applied to the Side; I al&s;o u&s;e Pectorals diver&s;ly accommodated according to the Circum&s;tances of the Ca&s;e: But Oil of Sweet Almonds newly drawn is the be&s;t among&s;t the&s;e. For ordinary Drink I enjoin Beer that is &s;mall and not at all &s;harp, or a Pti&s;an of Barley, Lykyrrhize, and a few Ani&s;eeds. More|over on the following days, repeating Vene&s;ection, I order to Bleed freely, as the Ca&s;e is: Truly I &s;eldom give over Bleeding, till I have evacuated forty ounces, unle&s;s &s;omewhat indicate to the con|trary. And though one may (not without &s;ome &s;hew of rea&s;on) be afraid that &s;o great an emi&s;&s;ion of Blood &s;hould be dangerous; yet the Blood it &s;elf that is taken away, after it has &s;tood a while, will make the&s;e fears vani&s;h, &s;eeing it is very cor|rupt, at lea&s;t after the fir&s;t time, and almo&s;t of the &s;ame colour with true <HI>Pus.</HI> Add hereto, that you will not find the Patient weakned proportio|nably to the great lo&s;s of Blood. But we mu&s;t ad|moni&s;h, that there is need of <HI>Cautions,</HI> that <HI>Cly|&s;ters</HI> be not injected through the whole cour&s;e of the method, nor that any thing be added to the Pectoral Medicins which has a loo&s;ening vertue; for the more bound the Belly is, the more &s;afely &s;hall we repeat Phlebotomy: on the contrary, if you take but half that quantity of Blood I have mention'd, and u&s;e Cly&s;ters and Loo&s;eners withal, you &s;hall bring the Patient in danger of his Life, whether it be becau&s;e Nature cannot bear both Eva|cuations in &s;o &s;hort a &s;pace, or upon &s;ome other account: and this holds not only in this Di&s;ea&s;e, but al&s;o perhaps in all others wherein the Cure turns upon this hinge (Vene&s;ection.) Indeed in treating this Symptom I have often attempted to e&s;tabli&s;h &s;ome way of Cure, which might not pro|ceed to &s;o great a lo&s;s of Blood, namely, either by re&s;olving the Humour, or evacuating it by pro|moting Expectoration: but I have not yet had the fortune to find any practice &s;o available as the fore|mentioned.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Vene&s;ection is good in the beginning of a Pleuri&s;y, becau&s;e it keeps the Blood that is &s;ome|where hindred in its Circulation, from too great an Efferve&s;cence: but chiefly becau&s;e &s;eeing the Ve&s;|&s;els are much emptied by this means, they receive again what&s;oever Humours were thrown off, and &s;o the Blood that begun to &s;tagnate in the part affected, and make it fluxile. Likewi&s;e the Remedies that help mo&s;t at the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e, are &s;uch as hinder the Coagulation of the Blood, or di&s;&s;olve it whil&s;t it is a Coagulating; &s;uch as tho&s;e which do very much abound with a Volatil or Al|kalizate &s;alt, namely the Spirit of Soot, Blood, Hart&s;horn; al&s;o the Spirit and Salt of Urine, the Pouder of the Claws and Eyes of Crabs, of a Boars Tooth, or the Jaw-Bone of a Pike, are of notable u&s;e. Among&s;t the Vulgar 'tis cu&s;tomary to give an infu&s;ion of Hor&s;edung; which Medicin in|deed I have known often to help in almo&s;t deplo|rable Ca&s;es. In the mean time all Acids, becau&s;e they coagulate the Blood more, and hinder Expe|ctoration, do very much hurt in this Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis, de febr. c. 11.</NOTE> &para; Seeing Bleeding is the mo&s;t powerful Remedy, it is never to be omitted even in Women with Child, or when they lie in, while their <HI>Lochia</HI> or Terms are a flowing: for Experience has taught that Women with Child even in their eighth Month, Childbed-Women, or Women that are not with Child who&s;e Terms are flowing, yea, Infants and Children of &s;even years old are all very well re|lieved by opening the <HI>Ba&s;ilica</HI> of the &s;ide affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ench. Med. Pract. &amp; River.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Though Blood-letting be chiefly profitable in the beginning, yet if it were omitted then, or were not large enough, a Vein may be opened even after the &s;eventh, ninth, or eleventh day, by the Example of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who let <HI>Anaxion</HI> Blood on the eighth day, either becau&s;e he was called no &s;ooner, or becau&s;e in a very Crude Pleu|ri&s;y, which hardly begun to be concocted on the eleventh day, the Di&s;ea&s;e granted truce. But when a free and liberal Expectoration begins, then we mu&s;t ab&s;tain, becau&s;e it is thereby &s;uppre&s;t,
<PB N="501" REF="222"> and the Patient brought into danger of his Li<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lazar. River.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (2. <HI>de rat. vict. in acut. t.</HI> 10.) hath deliver'd to Po&s;terity an excellent Rule, and &s;uch as is very profitable in practice, to let Blood till it change its colour. Namely, if at the fir&s;t or &s;econd Bleeding the Blood appear Crude, Phleg|matick, or Watry, the Evacuation is to be conti|nu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d every day, or twice a day, till the Blood that is drawn look red, or yellowi&s;h: But if it come forth red at the beginning, Vene&s;ection is to be repeated &s;o often as till it appear livid or black; for 'tis &s;ignified that the later Blood flows out from the part affected, or the Veins that neighbour upon it, which indeed is alter'd by the heat of the inflamed part, and of crude is made red, or of red is made black or livid by adu&s;tion. Now though the ob&s;ervation of this Precept do for the mo&s;t part &s;ucceed well in practice; yet &s;ometimes that change of colour is not pertinaciou&s;ly to be expected, but we mu&s;t de&s;i&s;t from Bleeding &s;ooner, namely when either the Patient is weak or his Spi|rits low, or he is of a rare and very re&s;oluble ha|bit, or the Sea&s;on is very hot.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>V. Some think that Di&s;ea&s;es which draw their origin from a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms or He|morrhoids, are only to be cured by opening the Veins in the Leg: which I willingly grant ought to be done in Chronical Di&s;tempers, and &s;uch as give truce: but in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;uch as the Pleuri&s;y, a Vein is not always to be opened in the Ankle or Foot, but a di&s;tinction is to be u&s;ed. For if &s;uch Evacuations as u&s;e to happen at cer|tain &s;tated times, be &s;uddenly and wholly &s;uppre&s;t, and there be manife&s;tly perceived a motion of the Blood to the upper parts, and an afflux thereof to the Side, the Cure is by all means to be begun by opening the Ham Vein or the like: But if the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion&punc; be now of long continuance, whereby there is accumulated by little and little a <HI>Plethora</HI> or &s;ome Cacochymie, and an abundance of Hu|mours in the upper parts, and al&s;o it be not near the &s;ea&s;on of the Terms, then the Cure is to be be|gun by opening a Vein in the Arm; for the Acute Di&s;ea&s;e requireth it, nor permits it delay till the Terms or Hemorrhoids be again provoked; for it may be whil&s;t we are taking pains to procure the Terms or Hemorrhoids, the Patient may die through the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e: but the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of the Terms or Hemorrhoids endure de|lay, and regard may be had thereto afterwards, when the Patient is pa&s;t the danger of the Acute Di&s;ea&s;e, and endeavours may be u&s;ed to provoke the &s;uppre&s;&s;ed Blood.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE>VI. Nor mu&s;t we omit to admoni&s;h, &s;eeing a Pleuri&s;y does oft follow or accompany a Fever and primary Di&s;ea&s;e, which often has a notable malig|nity joined with it, (as u&s;es to happen frequently in an Epidemical Pleuri&s;y) that diligent regard is then to be had to the Malignity; and it is to be con&s;idered whether it admit of Vene&s;ection. <HI>Ge&s;|ner, lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;tol. p.</HI> 19. makes mention of a certain Epidemick Malignant and Contagious Pleu|ri&s;y of which many died, and wherein Bleeding in the Arm did no good; but Bleeding in the An|kles, and Sweating in the beginning by a certain Antidote, gave more relief: And by all means in &s;uch Malignant Pleuri&s;ies the Malignity is fir&s;t to be a&s;&s;ailed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and other things to be done afterwards. &para; The &s;ame <HI>Ge&s;ner, Epi&s;t.</HI> 49. &s;ays, In this Pleu|ri&s;y I found nothing better than half an ounce or more of Lin&s;eed Oil, which pre&s;ently relieves the Breath, and very well evacuates the Belly. Hence it is that <HI>A&s;clepiades</HI> in <HI>Coelius Aurelianus</HI> te&s;tifies that at <HI>Athens</HI> and <HI>Rome</HI> he &s;aw the Pleuritical be|come wor&s;e by Vene&s;ection, but in <HI>Parius</HI> and the <HI>Helle&s;pont</HI> that they were relieved by it. <HI>Wierus</HI> in his <HI>Ob&s;ervations (p. m.</HI> 53.) mentions a Pe&s;tilent Pleuri&s;y which went about in the years 1564, and 1565. in &s;ome parts of the lower <HI>Germany,</HI> where|in it was ob&s;erved that Vene&s;ection was very hurt|ful: Tho&s;e things which are pre&s;cribed in other Pleuri&s;ies to help Expectoration, could do no good through the increa&s;e of the Febrile Putrefaction and Pe&s;tilent Poi&s;on: And contrary to the ob&s;ervation of the common Rule, they were to be helped by the giving of Acids, as the Syrup of the Juice of Sorrel, Lemons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as al&s;o by Pectoral Potions prepared with a mixture of bitter Medicins, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>I will &s;peak a few things of that, which is com|mon in every ones mouth, that a <HI>Pleuri&s;y</HI> is &s;ome|times found &s;o <HI>malignant,</HI> that for tho&s;e years it cannot admit Phlebotomy, at lea&s;t not &s;o often re|peated as this Di&s;ea&s;e commonly requires. Indeed I think that a true and <HI>e&s;&s;ential Pleuri&s;y,</HI> which infe&s;ts indifferently in all Con&s;titutions of every year, does every year indifferently indicate Vene|&s;ection to be repeated alike; yet it &s;ometimes hap|pens that the Fever of that year that is properly Epidemick, is apt upon any &s;udden change of the manife&s;t qualities of the Air, to depo&s;ite the Mor|bifick Matter in the <HI>Pleura</HI> or Lungs, and the Fe|ver notwith&s;tanding remain altogether the &s;ame. In this ca&s;e as Vene&s;ection may be granted to re|lieve this &s;ymptom, if it rage much; yet to &s;peak generally, we ought not to draw forth much more Blood upon the account of the &s;ymptom, than ought to have been drawn forth on the account of the Fever, on which that &s;ymptom depends. For if this be of that nature as to admit of repeated Bleeding, it may be repeated in the Pleuri&s;y, which is a &s;ymptom of it: But if the Fever admit not of repeated Vene&s;ection, the &s;ame will not help, yea, it will do harm in the Pleuri&s;y which will &s;tand or fall with the Fever. And this indeed I was there|fore bound not to conceal, becau&s;e I think that he wanders in a doubtful Path, and is led by an un|certain Thread, who in the Cure of Fevers has not pre&s;ently before his Eyes the Con&s;titution of the year, as it enclines to the production of this or the other Di&s;ea&s;e epidemically, and to turn all other Di&s;ea&s;es that concur with it into its own like|ne&s;s and form. I thus treated a Nobleman &s;ick of this Fever: He complained of a pain in his Side and of other &s;ymptoms of which the re&s;t did that were taken with the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e: I Bled him no more than once, I applied a Bli&s;tering Pla&s;ter to his Neck, I gave him Cly&s;ters every day, &s;ome|times order'd him cooling Pti&s;ans and Emul&s;ions, &s;ometimes Milk and Water, &s;ometimes &s;mall Beer; I advis'd him to ri&s;e out of his Bed and &s;it up every day for &s;ome hours; by which method he was recovered in a few days, and after Purging was quite well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Syden. ob&s;. circa morb. acut. p. 362.</NOTE> See the &s;ixth Book of a <HI>Pleuritical Fever.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. 'Tis a doubt whether the Blood flowing from the Womb, either in Childbed, or out of it, hinder Vene&s;ection when a Pleuri&s;y happens? Be|fore the &s;olution of the doubt, I &s;uppo&s;e that Bleeding is u&s;ed upon a twofold account in all In|flammations, fir&s;t, to revel the violence of the flowing Blood; &s;econdly, for derivation: that is, that by one and the &s;ame track we may both eva|cuate and revel. If a Woman there<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ore be taken with a Pleuri&s;y whil&s;t her Womb flows, we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether the original of the Fluxion be from the Womb it &s;elf, or the Humours flow thi|ther from &s;ome other place? Moreover we mu&s;t have regard to the manner of the Fluxion; for it is either large and &s;udden, or &s;low. A &s;udden Evacuation made out of the Womb, an&s;wering in proportion to the Fluxion upon the Membrane that inve&s;ts the Ribs, indicates that the bu&s;ine&s;s is to be committed to Nature, and nothing to be in|novated: But we ought to help a &s;low Fluxion, that by two Evacuations, the one Natural, the other Artificial, we may obtain our de&s;ires. For if we &s;hall he&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ate in a great and precipitant Di&s;|&s;ea&s;e,
<PB N="502" REF="223"> we run great dangers: In this ca&s;e we &s;hall let Blood in the Ham or Ankle; or we may &s;carify the Thighs or Legs if we know there is but little Blood remaining, and the Woman look white, have &s;oft Fle&s;h and &s;lender Veins: But whether one or other kind of Remedy be to be u&s;ed, the nature of the Matter will teach, e&s;pecially the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e and the Con&s;titution of the Patient, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But if the original of the Fluxion &s;hall not be in the Womb, the Ca&s;e will not be &s;o ea&s;ie: I u&s;e to clear it by di&s;tingui&s;hing thus: The Womb at that time does either make plentiful and &s;udden Expurgations, or &s;uch as are lingring and &s;low: If the fir&s;t, we &s;hall not let Blood, but be content with the &s;pontaneous Evacuation; for &s;eeing the Womb has great Veins and Arteries which com|municate with the whole Body, and a very great con&s;ent with the Brea&s;t, we may hope that there will be made a good Revul&s;ion hereby, in what part &s;oever the original of the Fluxion be. But the ca&s;e is not the &s;ame when from cu&s;tom, or from any other Preternatural Cau&s;e the Womb evacuates Blood very &s;lowly: For &s;eeing we need &s;ome &s;peedy Remedy, that the violence of the Fluxion may be re&s;trained, whereas this is very &s;luggi&s;h and &s;low, &s;o that we ought by no means to commit the task to it, we ought therefore in &s;uch ca&s;e to Bleed. What Vein therefore, you will &s;ay, &s;hall we open? Truly I would open &s;ome one of the upper, 1. be|cau&s;e the lower are too far di&s;tant from the original of the Fluxion; nor can they remove the Fluxion but in a long time, which will not do our bu&s;ine&s;s; 2. &s;eeing we ought to attend that which is more urgent, and &s;eeing the Pleuri&s;y is more, yea, mo&s;t urgent, therefore we mu&s;t endeavour with might and main that the Phlegmon may not be increa&s;ed, which may be done by opening a Vein in the Arm, which we judge to be convenient for Revul&s;ion. And though there follow that inconvenience hereby as that the Terms come to be &s;topt, (which they may chance to be) yet that inconvenience is but &s;mall, and may be amended at &s;ome more fitting time, even with ea&s;e. But if we de&s;ire a deriva|tion, when there has preceded a Revul&s;ion made either by Nature or Art, or al&s;o when the Di&s;ea&s;e has not required it, I declare this one thing, that whether the Womb have flown or no, or al&s;o whe|ther it have been plentifully purged or not, the inner Vein of that Arm which is neare&s;t to the part affected is always then to be opened, and Blood to be let till there appear change of colour: for no|thing ought to hinder us from relieving the Pleuri&s;y pre&s;ently, which is a doubtful and dangerous Di&s;|ea&s;e. For if we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to that which is more urgent, there is no doubt but we ought to be far more concerned about the Pleuri&s;y than about the Purgations of the Womb, e&s;pecially &s;eeing the&s;e may be provoked afterwards,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Augen. tom. 1 l. 11. Epi&s;t. 3.</NOTE> whereas the prejudice that ari&s;es from the omi&s;&s;ion of Bleeding, can by no means be redre&s;t.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A lean and very Cholerick Woman, &s;al|ling into a Pleuri&s;y, de&s;ired earne&s;tly to be let Blood: but though a Vein was opened timely enough, yet the Blood was drawn &s;o &s;trongly to|wards the Brea&s;t through the very violent pain thereof, that hardly any would &s;purt out of the opened Vein: But &s;he being bid to endeavour to drive the Blood from the Brea&s;t again towards the Arm by &s;trong coughing, I ob&s;erved it to &s;purt forth freely, and the Woman was &s;hortly ea&s;ed of her pain. Wherefore let any one in the &s;ame ca&s;e fly to the &s;ame &s;uccour: let him pre&s;ently rai&s;e a Cough, and by that means the Blood will be repel|led to the Arm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, l. 2. c. 3.</NOTE> This invention I have &s;een to &s;ucceed happily with &s;everal &s;ince that time.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A true Pleuri&s;y will not invade the Phleg|matick, and &s;uch as are troubled with Acid Belch|ings: yet there often happens a Pleuri&s;y in the&s;e Countreys <HI>(Holland)</HI> from a watry and thin Phlegm, but that is not true and exqui&s;ite: For in the&s;e cold and Phlegmatick Bodies there often ari&s;e grievous pains of the Sides from <HI>Flatus,</HI> which may be mitigated by fomentations: if you bleed, you will kill. I once &s;aw a very beautiful Woman, who being &s;ubject to <HI>Flatus,</HI> and having &s;upt liberally, fell into a bitter pain of her Side in the night; and died pre&s;ently upon opening a Vein.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. com. in aph. 33. 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. It is ob&s;ervable that there &s;ometimes ari&s;es a difficulty of breathing from an ill ordered Diet;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> in which ca&s;e Phy&s;icians do ill to Bleed. &para; Their confidence &s;eems pernicious to me, who &s;o long as the Patient complains of pain, give not over bleeding, without any regard to the &s;uppuration, which has not only made &s;ome progre&s;s, but is often al&s;o perfected within the fir&s;t &s;even days: by which importune Bleedings, repeated even ten times or oftner, they cruelly weaken their Patients by exhau&s;ting their Vital Spirits with the Blood, though their &s;trength be altogether nece&s;&s;ary for a perfect Expectoration of the <HI>Pus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Car. Pi&s;o de colluv. &s;ero&s;. p. 3, 4.</NOTE> which oft cannot be obtained but in &s;everal months &s;pace.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Let us take heed not to bleed tho&s;e who are emaciated by a long <HI>Tabes,</HI> when they fall into a pain of their Side. For I have &s;een many &s;uch Bodies di&s;&s;ected, and ob&s;erved their Lungs to be preternaturally clo&s;e grown to the Membrane that covers the Ribs: &s;o that when a windy Vapour gets in betwixt this Connexion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. lib. de morb. pect.</NOTE> it pulls off the conti|nuity and &s;o cau&s;es the Pain. &para; This Pain is taken away and cured by heating things, as by a fomentation of the Flowers of Chamomel and Cummin, which hath benefited many: They mu&s;t be put up in a Bag, which being dipt in White Wine is applied hot to the pained part. Tho&s;e who are &s;o ra&s;hly bold as to Bleed, take away &s;o much of their Patients Life as they do of his Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodon. ob&s;. cap. 22.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Experience &s;ometimes &s;hews that the &s;ay|ing of <HI>Hippocrates (apb.</HI> 31. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 5.) is not always true, <HI>viz.</HI> If a Woman with Child be taken with an Acute Di&s;ea&s;e, it is extream dangerous: for &s;ometimes both the Mother and Child e&s;cape dan|ger. While I was a Printing the&s;e things, I was called (<HI>June</HI> 27. 1681.) to a Woman about Thirty years old, the Wife of one <HI>Bardot</HI> a Tanner, that was nine Months gone with Child: She was faln into a very grievous Pleuri&s;y on her left Side by travelling in the Sun and drinking of Wine: She was Plethorick, and her Face was much flu&s;ht. Premi&s;ing a lenient and cooling Cly&s;ter, I order ten ounces of Blood to be taken out of the Arm on the Side affected, which came forth putrid with &s;ome relief: The next day, becau&s;e &s;he was vexed with an Acute Pain and &s;pit Blood, I bled her again to &s;even ounces, which looked more corrupt than the former; and therefore, though her Hu&s;|band was again&s;t it, I pre&s;cribe a third Phlebo|tomy on the day following; upon which the Pain not yet cea&s;ing, and the redne&s;s of her Face with &s;igns of a <HI>Plethora</HI> continuing, I advi&s;e a fourth Bleeding, though both her Husband and the Wo|men were again&s;t it: upon which fourth Vene&s;ecti|on (the Blood looking &s;till wor&s;e) the Pain quite cea&s;ed, and &s;he coughed up ea&s;ily. On the fifth day of <HI>July</HI> &s;he had an ea&s;ie labour of a Girl that was plump and of a good Con&s;titution; and her <HI>Lochia</HI> flowing orderly, &s;he not only lived, but was freed of both her Pleuri&s;y and Fever, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Di&s;ea&s;e was the more grievous, becau&s;e be|&s;ides that the faculty of breathing was intercepted by the greatne&s;s of the Phlegmon and the vehe|mence of the Fever, the <HI>foetus</HI> kicked and &s;prawled &s;trongly again&s;t her Diaphragm.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. 'Tis not nece&s;&s;ary to let tho&s;e Blood who have Fluxions often fail from their Heads, through abundance of Crudities, pre&s;ently upon the inva|&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially if they cough up ea&s;ily, and what they cough up be white or bloody,
<PB N="503" REF="223"> and the Pain light: for a Flatuous Sub&s;tance u&s;es &s;o to di&s;tend the Veins of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> that the Pores being rarefied the Blood i&s;&s;ues out with pain, and is expelled by coughing, imitating a Pleuri&s;y: wherein if you let Blood, you will do as much hurt as if you did &s;o in the weak and Catarrhous who are ill of a light Fever.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &para; In a Pleuri&s;y that is cau&s;ed by a defluxion from the Head, Vene&s;ection has no power to draw back the Rheum that is in motion, nor to withdraw that which is &s;etled, and therefore it does much harm in increa&s;ing the Ca|tarrh by the generation of cold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Duretus. comm. in Coacas.</NOTE> and in exciting the &s;ame by weakening the retentive faculty.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Seeing the fir&s;t indication is, by all means to take away as &s;oon as may be the Phlegmon or Ob&s;truction of the Blood in the <HI>Pleura,</HI> for this purpo&s;e Bleeding has u&s;ed to be pre&s;cribed as the chief Remedy by all Phy&s;icians in all Ages (except &s;ome Fanaticks and P&s;eudochymi&s;ts:) The rea|&s;on whereof is altogether the &s;ame as in a Peri|pneumony and many other Di&s;ea&s;es, that are cau&s;ed by the &s;tay and collection of the Blood in &s;ome place: namely, that the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els being much emptied, may not only cut off the <HI>fomes</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but al&s;o re&s;orb and carry to another place the Matter which is the Conjunct Cau&s;e. Where|fore bleed very freely in a Pleuri&s;y if the Patient be &s;trong and his Pul&s;e big: And truly 'tis far better to bleed largely at fir&s;t, and &s;o every time after|wards, &s;o often as 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to repeat Vene|&s;ection, than to bleed often a little at a time: In as much as very many portions of the &s;limy and vi&s;cous Blood are collected about the part affected, which unle&s;s they be called away from thence by emptying the Ve&s;&s;els very much by a plentiful Bleeding, and be &s;uffer'd to flow out the greate&s;t part of them, the de&s;ired effect will not &s;ucceed. So that when &s;ome Phy&s;icians pre&s;cribe Blood to be let in a Pleuri&s;y even to fainting away, it &s;eems not to be incongruous to Rea&s;on, though that practice is not to be ra&s;hly undertaken, becau&s;e every Evacuation ought to be proportion'd to the tenour and tolerance of the &s;trength, which Rule &s;uch Phlebotomy exceeds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. In the year 1679. <HI>May</HI> 9. I was called to one <HI>Vilars</HI> a Baker, a Man of about forty, lean, melancholick, and who had u&s;ed to be troubled with a pain in his Spleen. This Per&s;on had been ill of a Quartan Ague for &s;even Months, having got rid of it a Month before he was taken with a vio|lent Pleuri&s;y of his right Side, with a very Acute Fever. On the &s;econd day of the Di&s;ea&s;e he had gotten him&s;elf let Blood, which was very putrid, without any remi&s;&s;ion of his Pain. His Water was very high colour'd, &s;hining whil&s;t it was hot, and depo&s;iting a red tartar when it was grown cold: Wherefore I order him to be bled again, and his Blood was putrid as it was before, without any ea&s;ing of the Pain, his Spittle crude, which he could hardly bring up, and without any remi&s;&s;ion of the Fever. On the &s;ixth day of the Di&s;ea&s;e he is bled again, a corrupt Blood &s;till coming forth, and all things abiding in the &s;ame &s;tate: On the &s;e|venth day there came a plentiful Sweat, which con|tinued to flow to the end of the eighth, where|upon the Fever grows more mild, the Urine is not &s;o high colour'd, and Expectoration proceeds better. On the ninth day the Fever grows wor&s;e, wherefore I order Bleeding again (always out of the right Side) becau&s;e his &s;trength held up &s;till, and his Pul&s;e was full and &s;trong; the Blood was &s;till corrupt. On the tenth day the Fever is much milder, the Pain in his Side cea&s;es, his Urine is concocted and with a laudable &s;ediment. On the eleventh day his Fever was quite gone: On the twelfth I gave him a Purge, upon which he reco|ver'd. The fir&s;t three days he was troubled with a Vomiting, which cea&s;ed after the &s;econd Bleed|ing, whence I thought there had been a Peripneu|mony; for &s;uch who&s;e Lungs are inflamed, do often Vomit.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. A great Di&s;ea&s;e requires that a great deal of Blood &s;hould be evacuated: for here it matters not &s;o much what &s;ort of Blood you draw, as in what quantity. I had a Patient that had a very great pain in both his Sides; I took away above four pound of Blood at one time, and he reco|vered with the help of God, though he was given over by all as gone. <HI>Avicen</HI> affirms there are twenty five pounds of Blood in the Body, and that &s;eventeen may be poured forth in one day without de&s;truction. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;eems to have taken &s;ix pounds of Blood at once. But that we may comprehend the limit of the quantity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. lib. 12. in&s;t. med.</NOTE> we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve the &s;trength.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Tho&s;e who have a pain in their Side from thick and vi&s;cid Humours are not to be let Blood: for &s;ometimes thick and vi&s;cid Phlegma|tick Humours i&s;&s;ue into the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, and into the Lungs them&s;elves, which by their multitude di&s;tending the inve&s;ting Membrane cau&s;e pain, and intercepting the pa&s;&s;ages of Re&s;piration induce a difficultyof breathing: &s;o that to bleed the&s;e, e&s;pecially plentifully,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodon. ob&s;. c. 22. in &s;chol.</NOTE> is to ha&s;ten their death.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The Matter is to be drawn outwards when other Evacuations proceed not well. And therefore in this ca&s;e I will take <HI>Aetius</HI>'s Coun&s;el, to &s;carify the pained part, and after Scarification to apply a Cupping-Gla&s;s, and upon the removal thereof to lay on &s;ome Acrimonious Medicin, whether it be the <HI>Sacrum Ceratum</HI> or any like it, and the next day to &s;et on a Cupping-Gla&s;s again: &s;o that the Matter may be brought forth by little and little both by the help of the Cerecloth and the Cupping-Gla&s;s. The like may be done al&s;o in &s;uch a ca&s;e by a Ve&s;icatory. If the Di&s;ea&s;e yield not to the&s;e, then there is no hope.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Paulus</HI> applies not a Cupping-Gla&s;s before the fourteenth day, if the Malady continue &s;o long; but <HI>Trallian</HI> &s;ometimes makes u&s;e hereof at tne beginning, and that not without Scarification; e&s;pecially in &s;uch as &s;eem not to have much Blood in their Veins: He &s;carifies the place deep with a Lancet, and &s;ets a Cupping-Gla&s;s thereupon, that that which lies deep may be drawn out. Upon doing of this, &s;ays he, 'tis wonderful to &s;ee that how great &s;oever the pain have been, even though the mo&s;t violent, it cea&s;es pre&s;ently, &s;o that it neither needs fomenta|tion nor other Remedy. &para; The u&s;e of Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es, &s;ays<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Comm. in cap. 6. l. 4. Cel&s;i.</NOTE> <HI>Rubeus,</HI> being opportunely ap|plied, e&s;pecially to the Back, may be very profi|table in a Pleuri&s;y, becau&s;e many twigs that &s;pring from the branches of the <HI>Vena &s;ine pari,</HI> that tend to the Interco&s;tal &s;paces, belong to the External Mu&s;cles of the Back, and from thence are extended out of the <HI>Thorax.</HI> But le&s;t Matter &s;hould be drawn from other where to tho&s;e parts, 'twill be better to apply Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es to the Buttocks al&s;o at the &s;ame time. <HI>Of the u&s;e of Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es &s;ee more in</HI> Joubertus <HI>in the Chapter</HI> of the Pleuri&s;y. &para; A Boy of five years old was taken with a Pleuri&s;y on his left Side with a very Acute Fever. After the ordinary Remedies u&s;ed for five days, and four times Bleeding, two Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es were applied to the pained Side with deep Scarifications. From that which was next to the pained place there flow'd a great deal of Matter for a whole day, and both the Pain and Cough cea&s;ed. The Leaves of Beet were laid upon the Scarified places, and the Flux of the <HI>Sanies</HI> con|tinued for two days, and in the end true <HI>Pus</HI> flow'd out of the Wounds, and &s;o the Patient was quite cured. I believe the Scarifications reached to the place of the Pleuri&s;y, and that the Morbi|fick Matter flow d out by tho&s;e places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv. cent. 3. ob&s;. 39.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. Whether has The Chirurgical Operation, called <HI>Paracente&s;is</HI> or Tappi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g, place in the Cure
<PB N="504" REF="224"> of a Pleuri&s;y? I an&s;wer, it has not place in the beginning, but after &s;uppuration, yet not always: For it may &s;o be, that part of the Matter may be evacuated by the hole that is made, and a greater part retained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. con&s;. 3 l. 5.</NOTE> and a Fi&s;tulous Ulcer be left which will prove mortal at length. &para; A Widow of &s;ixty in a Pleuri&s;y collected a great deal of <HI>Pus</HI> in her <HI>Thorax;</HI> the load whereof that officious Na|ture might expel, &s;he &s;hewed as with a Finger a place betwixt the Ribs that evidently protube|rated: which the Surgeon perforating, the Patient outlived this &s;eemingly dangerous Operation, and ca&s;t out daily a &s;tinking and &s;ordid <HI>Pus</HI> through the Wound that was made. Which Inci&s;ion of a &s;uppurated Side I have indeed oft &s;een performed, &s;ometimes truly with good &s;ucce&s;s, but oftener with bad; either becau&s;e it hinders the motion of the Lungs, or becau&s;e it commonly continues &s;o long that the &s;trength either of the whole Body, or of the Brea&s;t alone cannot bear up under it; for the cold and indige&s;ted Air does &s;o weaken the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> contained in the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">N. Tulp. lib. 3. ob&s;. 4.</NOTE> that tho&s;e &s;eldom e&s;cape death who have the <HI>Pus</HI> drawn out this way. &para; I &s;aw a &s;ucce&s;sful Operation in the year 1660. in a Pleuritical Woman thirty five years old, who keeping no pipe in the hole, it clo&s;ed up in a few days, having fir&s;t di&s;charged a great deal of <HI>Pus;</HI> the remainder whereof Nature expelled by Urine. The occa&s;ion of this Operation was a Tumour jet|ting outwards, and the weight of the Side affected, and an ab&s;ence of Expectoration.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Jac. Fontanus,</HI> Pract. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 4. mentions a Malignant Pleuri&s;y, which a thin greeni&s;h Humour cau&s;es, (whether collected in the Side, or flowing down thither) as was di&s;covered by the dead Bo|dies opened, wherein was found an Impo&s;thume full of a liquid greeni&s;h Liquor: for which the only and &s;ingular Remedy is Section, becau&s;e there is no hopes of Maturation. But &s;eeing he declares not the manner of Section, I think it more advi&s;e|able to do it with a red hot Knife, becau&s;e that way is not Bloody, and 'tis more accommodate for Concoction, which is &s;o greatly to be de&s;ired. Add hereto what an Anonymous <HI>French</HI> Author hath writ in a Book <HI>de Cucurb.</HI> In a Pleuri&s;y, &s;ays he, the Side is &s;ometimes pierced; for if the Patient can neither be cured by Fomentation, nor Bleeding, nor other Remedies, and the ca&s;e be otherwi&s;e de&s;perate, Inci&s;ion is made in the Side after the &s;eventh day according to <HI>Archigenes</HI> and <HI>A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tius,</HI> after the fourteenth according to <HI>Paulus;</HI> a Cupping-Gla&s;s is &s;et upon it; the Wound is hindred from clo&s;ing up by putting a Tent in it wet in Oil; the next day the Cupping-Gla&s;s is applied again: on the fir&s;t day Blood, on the &s;econd <HI>Sanies</HI> will flow out with great relief. But this is hardly attempted in our times, becau&s;e it is a kind of cruel Remedy; though it may &s;eem more Human, than to leave the deplorable Patient to certain death.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. If the Phy&s;ician gue&s;s, from the colour of the Blood let forth, and from other &s;igns, that there lurks a Cacochymie in the Body which feeds and increa&s;es the Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t come to purg|ing, e&s;pecially if it be perceived to tend toward the fir&s;t region of the Body, from rumblings of the Belly, Vomiting, loo&s;e Stools, anxiety about the Stomach: But it is to be done betimes. <HI>Hip|pocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>Acut. aph.</HI> 6. determins the fourth day &s;imply for purging. But <HI>Galen</HI> writes rightly, that &s;uch things ought not to be injoined the Pa|tient &s;imply according to the number of days, but that what <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath determin'd ought to be follow'd, and therefore we mu&s;t purge pre&s;ently in the beginning, or afterwards when the Humours are brought to maturity: for which cau&s;e he writes that he &s;ometimes gave a Purge on the fir&s;t day, or the &s;econd or third, and &s;ometimes on the fifth. Therefore the Humours that abound in the common Ducts, and are apt to flow to the part affected, are to be purged in the beginning, at which time aver&s;ion is the mo&s;t de&s;ired; but after|wards when the Di&s;ea&s;e comes to its vigour, and the Humours are concocted, 'tis better to be quiet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> &para; I deny not that a Revul&s;ive Purgation is &s;ometimes convenient in the beginning, (though &s;eldom) but it mu&s;t be attempted by mild Me|dicins, and (as <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> &s;ays in <HI>Epid.</HI> or <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf) the Fever mu&s;t not be high: Let Blood be let &s;ufficiently, and the Humours mu&s;t degene|rate from the nature of the Blood, and the faculty mu&s;t be &s;trong to bear the Medicin, and the Con|&s;titution of the Patient well known.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. So much as Vene&s;ection profiteth in a true Pleuri&s;y, &s;o much doth purging hurt, though never &s;o kindly and gentle; for by moving the Humours it increa&s;eth the Fluxion; or if the Flu|xion had already &s;tayed, it renews it to the great damage of the Patient. Add hereto, that a loo&s;|ne&s;s is bad in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t; wherefore we mu&s;t refrain from Catharticks the whole Cour&s;e of the Cure: the Belly is only to be loo&s;ened every other day with an hard Cly&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Practic.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>Acut. v.</HI> 21. advi&s;es to open a Vein when the pain reaches up towards the Collar-Bone; but to loo&s;en the Belly, if it de&s;cend under the Midriff: for it is no new thing for Pleu|ritical pains to be felt &s;ometimes under the Midriff. For what hinders why when an Inflammation &s;ei&s;es upon the <HI>Pleura,</HI> part of the Morbifick Matter that is diffu&s;ed below through the fle&s;hy parts, &s;hould not by pain give &s;ignification of it &s;elf un|der the Midriff where the Side is &s;oft, or in the region of the Hypochondres? Surely nothing. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> te&s;tifies this (1. <HI>de Morb. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 220.) treating of a true Pleuri&s;y: And &s;ometimes, &s;ays he, it cau&s;es a pain in the parts below the Side. And he teaches the &s;ame, <HI>l. de loc. v.</HI> 258. <HI>&amp;</HI> 3. <HI>de morb. v.</HI> 230. And 'tis rea&s;onable that that &s;hould happen, &s;eeing the Morbifick Matter inclines by its natural gravity rather downwards than upwards. Attending to this inclination of the Humours (ac|cording to the vulgar &s;aying, <HI>We mu&s;t lead by con|venient ways, whither Nature tends</HI>) when the Di&s;|ea&s;e tends downwards he propounds purging by the lower parts; but Vene&s;ection rather, when 'tis more inclinable to the upper parts. He thought this di&s;tinction &s;o nece&s;&s;ary, that he e&s;teemed him who proceeded otherwi&s;e not to benefit, but to hurt. For as Bleeding takes not away the pain that reaches below the &s;hort Ribs; &s;o Purgation is un|profitable when the pain po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es the upper parts and extends it &s;elf to the Collar-Bone. For whil&s;t the Humours which tend upwards, and which may ea&s;ily be evacuated that way, are drawn downwards by Stool, Expectoration is hindred, than which nothing is more hurtful in a Pleuri&s;y that extends upwards. For &s;eeing the Matter contained in the Brea&s;t is not brought forth by the Purge; the Spittle (as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays) being retained, and &s;ticking in the Lungs, cau&s;es difficulty of breathing, and not long after the Patient dies of Suffocation. Now 'tis ea&s;ie to give a rea&s;on why we &s;hould Bleed when the pain extends upwards, and Purge if it de&s;cend below the Midriff; for as often as a Pleuri&s;y depends upon a <HI>Plethora</HI> and is fed by it, a pain and weight &s;ei&s;es upon the upper parts, be|cau&s;e there are Veins there which are joined with the Veins that are di&s;per&s;ed through the inflamed part: whence tho&s;e being filled that are in the place of the inflammation, and cannot contain all the plenty of Blood, the upper that are continuous to the&s;e mu&s;t needs be filled and extended; where|upon the bordering parts happen to be pained and grieved. But &s;ome will &s;ay, Why does not that happen in the inflammations of other parts, where we &s;ee only tho&s;e parts to be pained wherein the inflammation is? I an&s;wer, It is peculiar to the&s;e
<PB N="505" REF="224"> parts, <HI>viz.</HI> the Sides, as being Membranous and not Fle&s;hy, not to be &s;o capable of a plenty of Humours as the Fle&s;hy: whence when Humours flow thereinto, the Veins thereof are &s;o filled, that their exten&s;ion is communicated to the neigh|bouring parts, whence there happens a dilatation of the pain. Therefore becau&s;e a dilatation of the pain &s;uppo&s;es a plenitude towards the upper parts, which can be taken away better by no Remedy than by Vene&s;ection; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does therefore advi&s;e Bleeding in this ca&s;e. But when a Pleuri&s;y de|pends upon a Cacochymie, the pain is not commu|nicated to the afore&s;aid upper parts, becau&s;e the Veins are not &s;o filled that their di&s;tention &s;hould reach to the upper parts; yea inclining to the lower, it infe&s;ts the parts under the Midriff: for every Humour, except the Blood, u&s;es to tend rather downward than upward, becau&s;e it partakes le&s;s of Spirits, by who&s;e vertue the Humours in the Body &s;eem to have neither lightne&s;s nor gra|vity; for Blood alone wants the motion of gravity or levity, becau&s;e it is governed by the Spirits which it is plentifully endued with: but the other Humours do de&s;cend by a natural gravity rather than a&s;cend, unle&s;s &s;ome cau&s;e concur that may rai&s;e them to the upper parts, or may hurt by Va|pours, as otherwhere we have &s;aid does happen to the Bile, which being in the Stomach cau&s;es pain in the Side. Therefore becau&s;e a pain de&s;cending to the Hypochondres indicates the Pleuri&s;y to ari&s;e from a Cacochymie, who&s;e Remedy is Purgation, therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> approves of this in &s;tead of Vene&s;ection, not only in this ca&s;e, but as often as it happens that a Pleuri&s;y ari&s;es from a Cacochymie. Whence 3. <HI>de morb. v.</HI> 284. he &s;ays, If the &s;ick Per&s;on be naturally Cholerick, and being not purged be taken with a Di&s;ea&s;e, you &s;hall purge Choler well: for the&s;e things concurring, a Ca|cochymie mu&s;t needs prevail. Seeing therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath left us this practice approved by long Experience, and confirmed by evident Rea|&s;on, I cannot &s;ufficiently admire at <HI>Galen</HI>'s bold|ne&s;s, who perverting it, dur&s;t write that it was al|ways &s;afer to Bleed: but much more at the Phy&s;i|cians of our time, with whom purging is &s;o fami|liar, that they can omit it in no Di&s;ea&s;e or Patient, making u&s;e of it often even again&s;t the Rules of former Phy&s;icians, and yet they are &s;o afraid of it in a Pleuri&s;y alone, that they dare not give even the &s;lighte&s;t Purge to a Pleuritical Per&s;on. For in truth <HI>Galen</HI> did not di&s;allow of Purgation when a pain is below the Midriff, but he &s;aid tho&s;e things to admoni&s;h us that we ought to u&s;e it with great caution, &s;o as that if we meet with any diffi|culty in purging, we &s;hould ab&s;tain from it and flee to Vene&s;ection, as being &s;afer, though it do not di&s;&s;olve the pain (as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays) &s;o well as fit purging would do. As oft therefore as no great impediment gain&s;ays, we may &s;afely purge: About which &s;ome things are to be con&s;ider'd, and <HI>fir&s;t,</HI> That it be admini&s;tred placidly, which <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> intimates, &s;aying, <HI>We mu&s;t loo&s;en the Belly: Secondly,</HI> That it is not to be procured by every Medicin indifferently, but &s;uch as is agreeable to the Di&s;ea&s;e, like that which he propo&s;es of wild Pur&s;lain and black Hellebore corrected with &s;ome of the <HI>Aromata,</HI> which though it be e&s;teemed &s;trong now a days, yet I have found it gentle enough when given in a moderate Do&s;e. But whe|ther Manna and the Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, which I &s;ee &s;ome u&s;e, be alike profitable, I dare not af|firm. I know indeed that the&s;e differ quite from the Medicin of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> for they draw out thin and &s;erous Humours, and do not a little rai&s;e <HI>Flatus;</HI> but<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Peplium.</NOTE> wild Pur&s;lain and Hellebore draw forth thick and adu&s;t Humours, and, as <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;ays, di&s;cu&s;s <HI>Flatus;</HI> be&s;ides, the&s;e are bitter, tho&s;e very &s;weet. But whether Manna may not be u&s;ed in &s;tead of tho&s;e Medicins which <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> gives in Pleuritical Sorbitions, I will not contend, if the Patient be of a weak Con&s;titution and cannot endure a &s;tronger Medicin: Otherwi&s;e I &s;hould tru&s;t more to <HI>Hippocrates's</HI> Hellebore, and to Scammony, put into the Juice of Pti&s;an with the Pouder of Ani&s;ceds. If any &s;u&s;pect <HI>Hippo|crates's</HI> Opinion, becau&s;e of that which he has &s;aid, 4. <HI>&s;ect. Who&s;oev<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r attempt to di&s;&s;olve pre&s;ently at the beginning tho&s;e things which are inflamed,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;per Martian. comm. in illum locum.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> let him read <HI>Valle&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us</HI>'s Commentary, of my Expo&s;i|tion.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. The Wife of Mr. <HI>N.</HI> had an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> in her Leg for &s;even or eight days, with a conti|nual Fever, and was cured of both Di&s;tempers by the care of her Phy&s;ician: Afterwards &s;he expo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d her &s;elf too &s;oon to the cold Air, whereupon &s;he fell into a pain in her Side with a Fever, Cough, and difficulty of breathing, and &s;ometimes there were &s;treaks of Blood in what &s;he cough'd up: She was Bled twice or thrice, and other things were admini&s;tred. I was call'd on the fifth day of the Di&s;ea&s;e; I thought that a Purge was to be given the next day, which &s;eem'd to be again&s;t the Rules of Art, by which it is declared that a Purge is not to be given before the &s;eventh day: But the fol|lowing Rea&s;ons induced me: 1. Becau&s;e the Pleu|ri&s;y &s;eemed not to be legitimate, bred from a col|lected or contractive Inflammation, but rather from a certain &s;purious, thin, and &s;erous Fluxion; or al&s;o from Acrimonious Vapours rai&s;ed from a Cacochymie contained in the lower Belly, and twitching of the <HI>Pleura.</HI> I concluded thus, becau&s;e there appeared Blood only in one or two Spittings, and that but very little like a Thread, which could not come in &s;o &s;mall a quantity from the inflamed <HI>Pleura,</HI> but rather from &s;ome &s;mall Vein opened by the violence of the Cough: or it might de&s;cend from the Head, &s;eeing &s;he had &s;uffer'd a &s;light He|morrhage about the &s;ame time. 2. Becau&s;e the pain was not continual, but ended and returned by in|tervals, with a very remi&s;s Fever. 3. Becau&s;e through the whole time of the later inva&s;ion &s;he waked continually, though the pain of her Side did intermit very much even on the night; where|by one might gather that tho&s;e great watchings de|pended rather upon the putrefaction of the Hu|mours and an e&s;&s;ential Fever, than on a true Pleu|ri&s;y. 4. Becau&s;e all the time &s;he had had the <HI>Ery|&s;ipelas,</HI> &s;he had refu&s;ed the Purge which was pre|&s;cribed her, and &s;o the whole hoard of the Caco|chymie remained &s;hut up within. Therefore &s;he took a Purge on the &s;ixth day of the later Di&s;ea&s;e, of Senna, Rhubarb, Manna, and the Syrup of Ro&s;es, by which &s;he was gently purged with good &s;ucce&s;s: for the pain in her Side remitted pre|&s;ently, nor was &s;he a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">flicted any longer with want of &s;leep, but only a little feveri&s;hne&s;s appeared towards night: afterwards by the help of &s;ome &s;light Remedies &s;he was throughly recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 4. ob&s;. 18.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. To take away a Phlegmon of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> be&s;ides the taking away of Blood by a large Phle|botomy or by Scarification, the &s;erous and other Recrementitious Humours ought likewi&s;e to be gently expelled both out of its Ma&s;s, and al&s;o out of the Bowels by Stool, Urine, and Sweat. The &s;tronger Purgers are rightly forbid, becau&s;e they exagitate the Blood and cau&s;e it to be fixed deeper in the parts affected. And though &s;ome famous Chymi&s;ts, <HI>viz. Ang. Sala, Mart. Rulandus, Hart|man,</HI> and &s;everal others do give Stibiate Vomits to all Pleuritical Per&s;ons, and cry them up as the be&s;t Remedy; yet truly this &s;eems to me neither &s;afe nor con&s;onant to Rea&s;on: The only way, as I think, that they can come to help, which al&s;o is very uncertain and dangerous, is this, <HI>viz.</HI> that the Medicin operating violently, whi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t their Spi|rits are di&s;&s;olved and they faint away, all the vi|gour and turge&s;cence of the Blood quails, and thereupon the Nervous Fibres remit their painful
<PB N="506" REF="225"> Corrugations or Contractions, and the Sanguife|rous Ve&s;&s;els being very much emptied re&s;orb the Morbifick Matter. In the mean time there is dan|ger le&s;t the Humours being violently moved &s;hould ru&s;h more impetuou&s;ly to the part affected; at lea&s;t le&s;t the Spirits being too much dejected, and the work of Nature about the concoction or &s;eparation of the Morbifick Matter being di&s;turbed, the &s;trength &s;hould fail before the Cri&s;is of the Di&s;|ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Many Practitioners are much afraid to attempt the Cure of any great Di&s;ea&s;e of the <HI>Pleura</HI> by <HI>Vomitories:</HI> yet <HI>Rulandus</HI> and <HI>Hartman</HI> often gave <HI>Aqua benedicta</HI> with benefit. <HI>Riverius, in ob&s;. comm.</HI> 29. al&s;o commends this kind of Remedy: All Pleuritical Per&s;ons, &s;ays he, that Vomit pre&s;ently in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;cape, as I have ob&s;erved in very many, the <HI>Pleura</HI> being ca&s;ed of the load of Humours by the help of Vomiting.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Gentle <HI>Diureticks</HI> that are not very hot, are very good, according to <HI>Galen, apb.</HI> 44. 6. <HI>loc. off.</HI> 4. and <HI>Hippocr.</HI> 1. <HI>Epid.</HI> 2. For there are &s;everal ways of purging out the Matter in the Brea&s;t, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinand. hi&s;t. 32.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Pre|votius</HI> ob&s;erved that a Pleuri&s;y of the left Side is for the mo&s;t part depo&s;ited by Urine; wherefore in this ca&s;e he gave the milder Diureticks with good &s;ucce&s;s, among&s;t which <HI>Diacuminum</HI> was very fami|liar with him.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. cent. 2. ob&s;. 13.</NOTE> &para; If Spitting cannot &s;ucceed, the Matter is to be evacuated either by Sweat or by Urine, or by Externals, or a &s;uppuration is to be endeavoured. For provoking Urine Turpen|tine is commended in this ca&s;e, either alone or mixt with the Pouder of Lykyrrhize. Give a drachm of it, and let it be wa&s;h'd in the Water of Maidenhair, to which add half a drachm of the Pouder of Lykyrrhize. Yet the&s;e Diureticks ought not to be admini&s;tred in every ca&s;e, but only when you &s;ee the Spitting does not proceed, and that the Patient pi&s;&s;es plentifully: For <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;aid (4. <HI>acut.</HI> 28.) that tho&s;e Pleuritical and Peripneumonical Per&s;ons are treated ami&s;s who &s;pit nothing up, unle&s;s they void much Urine. Therefore when you &s;ee the propen&s;ion of Nature, you may come &s;afely to Diureticks, to Maiden|hair,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon.</NOTE> Par&s;ley, Fennil, to the cold Seeds where the Fever is urgent. &para; <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>de morb.</HI> makes three differences of a Pleuri&s;y, according to the diver&s;ity whereof the Cure is to be varied. Con|cerning the fir&s;t kind he writes thus (<HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>v.</HI> 233.) <HI>But often, if it be turned to the inferior parts, it di&s;tributes a pain through the Veins to the Bladder, and the Patient makes a great deal of Bloody &V;rine.</HI> In this place he &s;ets forth, in what Pleuri&s;y the Morbifick Matter is not expelled by Spitting, as is u&s;ual, but by Urine, a &s;ign whereof is, a pain extending it &s;elf by the Groins to the Bladder, and the Patients making a Bloody Urine, under&s;tand|ing that which is tinctured with a deep red, which looks of a Bloody colour. Seeing therefore this &s;ort of Pleuri&s;y has its Cri&s;is by Urine not by Spit|ting, he therefore advi&s;es the Cure to be per|formed by tho&s;e things which provoke Urine, for which purpo&s;e he gives <HI>Oxymel</HI> diluted with a good deal of Water;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;p. Mar|tian. comm. in v. 206. l. 2. de morb. &s;ect. 2.</NOTE> namely <HI>Oxymel</HI> is Diuretick, and by the coldne&s;s of the Water whereby it is diluted, 'tis very &s;it to temper Choler.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. In the Pleuri&s;y and Peripneumony, Nature which is the Curer of Di&s;ea&s;es, does &s;ome|times purge out by Urine the Morbous purulent Matter contained in the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, as <HI>Galen</HI> witne&s;&s;eth, 6. <HI>de loc.</HI> 4. Therefore her Motion is diligently to be ob&s;erved, le&s;t it be in|verted by her Servant the Phy&s;ician: So that if it happen that Nature endeavours an Excretion by Urine, we mu&s;t make u&s;e of Diureticks, as <HI>Heur|nius</HI> per&s;uades us, <HI>cap.</HI> 3. <HI>de morb. p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ctoral.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> gave to a P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">euri|tical Per&s;on in the beginning <HI>Oxymel</HI> with <HI>Panax</HI> (or All-heal) boil'd in it and &s;trained, as al&s;o to the Hepatick and &s;uch as were pained about the Midriff; <HI>viz.</HI> to &s;uch as had Phlegmons or other collections of Humours in the Liver or Midriff: namely to dige&s;t powerfully, and to move Sweat or Urine, or both. This way of curing Pleuri|tical Per&s;ons by violently di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Potions is not very much in u&s;e with our Phy&s;icians, who after Bleeding, Anointings, and Pectorals, pa&s;s to no other Remedy. Yet I know one, to whom &s;ome ordinary Fellow gave &s;omething of this kind in Drink, who by having a plentiful Sweat rai&s;ed was pre&s;ently relieved, his Brea&s;t loo&s;ened, and he &s;pit ea&s;ily, when it was now the &s;eventh day of the Di&s;ea&s;e and he had begun to Expectorate nothing, and was in danger to be &s;trangled almo&s;t through difficulty of breathing. Ignorant Fellows al&s;o who empirically undertake the Cure of &s;ome Di&s;|ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. 4. de ac. p. 250.</NOTE> cure Pleuri&s;ies often by Sweating Medicins with good &s;ucce&s;s. &para; A Boy of twelve years of Age was ill of a Pleuri&s;y of his right Side; he was bled five times, and other things were pre|&s;cribed: On the &s;eventh there was given him half a drachm of Chimney Soot in <HI>Carduus</HI> Water: Within two hours after taking this Medicin, all the &s;ymptoms, which were grievous, remitted very much, and the Patient was much better,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lazar. Riv. cent. 2. ob&s;, 79.</NOTE> and af|terwards recovered by degrees. &para; I have &s;een many, and e&s;pecially Women, who for want of fitting Remedies were brought to extremity almo&s;t by a Pleuri&s;y, cured by taking once or twice of <HI>Quercetan</HI>'s Apple in twenty four hours, where|upon beyond expectation there follow'd either a plentiful Sweating, or liberal Expectoration. In|deed I could name &s;everal to whom, being almo&s;t de&s;perate, I have pre&s;cribed this Medicin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. cent. 4. ob&s;. 88.</NOTE> and I never &s;aw any event of it but good. &para; An ob|&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els by vi&s;cid Phlegm, or <HI>Blood coagulated</HI> in them, &s;hall be cured by u&s;ing inwardly and outwardly &s;uch Medicins as di&s;&s;olve the offending Humour and make it fluxile again. Among&s;t Internals Aromatick &s;alts are the mo&s;t profitable which are prepared of divers parts of Animals, as all and every of them being endued with a notable vertue to di&s;&s;olve all coagulated and congealed things, and to reduce them to their for|mer fluidity, and likewi&s;e to provoke Sweat, which being gently promoted withal, a re&s;olution of the coagulated Humours is more ea&s;ily, quickly, and happily obtained. Hence it is, that often upon the &s;ea&s;onable giving of one Sudorifick prepared of the fore&s;aid volatil &s;alts or the like, the Pleu|ri&s;y, which is an inflammation of the Side, hath been happily cured without the opening of a Vein. And hence it is that mixtures made of &s;uch things, and taken &s;ea&s;onably a &s;poonful at a time by &s;hort intervals, have &s;oon, &s;afely and plea&s;antly cured, both the Pleuri&s;y and Peripneumony, and al&s;o the Inflammations of other parts: As for in&s;tance: <HI>Take of the Waters of Par&s;ley, Hy&s;&s;op, and Fennil, of each an ounce, of Treacle Water half an ounce, of the Spirit of Sal Armoniack half a drachm, of</HI> Laudanum <HI>Opiate four grains, of the Syrup of red Poppy an ounce, mix them.</HI> The Spirit of Sal Ar|moniack, the volatil &s;alt of Hart&s;horn, or any other may be u&s;ed, and according to the greater or le&s;s acrimony thereof, more or le&s;s of it may be added to the mixture, and a greater or le&s;s quantity of the mixture may be taken at each time, and the Body may be kept in a warm place to pro|mote the Medicin on every hand, and &s;ometimes to facilitate Sweating, though it is not needful to provoke Swear, &s;eeing that does no good, but as the volatil and &s;aline vertue of the Medicin pene|trates then the ea&s;ilier and quicklier to the part affected and ob&s;tructed. To a Volatil &s;alt may and ought to be referred Crabs Eyes, the Jaws of a Pike, Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;eeing they abound there|with. In this ca&s;e al&s;o a l Metallick and Mineral
<PB N="507" REF="225"> Sulphurs, but &s;uch as are fixt, are profitable: wherefore hither is referred al&s;o <HI>Antimonium Dia|phoreticum</HI> brought to &s;ome fixtne&s;s, though the&s;e things are good in this ca&s;e on many accounts. Nor are only the Volatil &s;alts of Animals profitable here, but all which are derived from the various parts of Plants called Scorbutical and Acrimonious, and emulate the vertues of the &s;ame, &s;uch as the Juices of Hedge-Mu&s;tard, Scurvygra&s;s, both Garden and Water Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Waters cal|led Theriacal, if &s;o be they have a vertue to loo&s;en and di&s;&s;olve coagulated Phlegm or con|creted Blood. Among&s;t External things the&s;e are good, <HI>&V;nguentum Martiatum,</HI> the compound Ointment of Mar&s;hmallows, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Oils of White Lillies, Chamomel, Bricks, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which may be fitly mixt together and anointed on the out&s;ide of the affected part, premi&s;ing or adding &s;ometimes the rectified Spirit of Wine, as well the &s;imple as the compound Aromatick. In this ca&s;e al&s;o there may be applied outwardly Catapla&s;ms, but rather &s;uch as are called Di&s;&s;olvents, than Emollients and Ripeners; &s;uch namely as may incide and loo&s;en the Coagulated Humour, and are prepared of Acri|monious and Aromatick Plants: As for example: <HI>Take of Onions roa&s;ted under the A&s;hes and brui&s;ed two ounces, the Leaves of Hedge-Mu&s;tard, Chervil, Garden Cre&s;&s;es, Elder, of each an handful and half, of the Flowr of Beans and Lupines, of each an ounce, one Swallows Ne&s;t, of</HI> Album Graecum <HI>an ounce, boil them according to art in Butter-Milk to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Catapla&s;m:</HI> This is to be ap|plied indifferent warm, by the help whereof In|ternal Ob&s;tructions al&s;o may be opened. Note, that it mu&s;t be renewed pre&s;ently as &s;oon as it be|gins to be dry.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. l. 1. pract. c. 40.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. That the Fluxed Matter may be dige&s;ted, and yet incra&s;&s;ated, nothing is better than the <HI>Flower of red Poppy;</HI> which though &s;ome u&s;e indifferently, thinking it to be profitable in a Pleuri&s;y from its whole &s;ub&s;tance, yet is it an hurtful Medicin &s;ave in this ca&s;e. It dige&s;ts indeed moderately, but it has a vertue to incra&s;&s;ate, and therefore is good when the Fluxed Matter is little, and only when the flowing Matter is thin; but if this hot and thin Matter be flown already for the greate&s;t part, Incra&s;&s;aters are to be let alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> &para; Let the Flowers of red Poppy, of Blue Bottles, Burnet, Stags Pizle, the Pouder of a Bores Tooth be given at the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, not when it is come to Expectoration, for they &s;traiten the Ve&s;&s;els through which the Blood flows to the part affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Ron|delet.</NOTE> and &s;o does Coral.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. When in the year 1666. I pa&s;&s;ed through the Dales of the County of <HI>Newenburg,</HI> to bid farewel to the Inhabitants among&s;t whom I had practi&s;ed Phy&s;ick, being about to return into my own Countrey, it happened that my dear Wife and Companion <HI>N. Joanna Spanheim</HI> being three Months gone with Child, falling from her Hor&s;e a mile or two from the City upon the Plain, hit her left Side again&s;t the Ground, wherein there began pre&s;ently a great Pain with a Cough and difficulty of breathing, to all which a little while after was added a Fever. Notwith&s;tanding we mu&s;t need go forward to the City, where pre&s;ently about the time of going to Bed we met happily with a Surgeon, whom I got to let her Blood on the &s;ame &s;ide her brui&s;e was on. The next Morning, pre|mi&s;ing a Cly&s;ter, I gave her a draught of the Vul|nerary Decoction, by the vertue whereof after a few hours &s;ome clods of Blood as big as an Hens Egg were expelled, and there forthwith followed health that was very much de&s;ired, even upon this account, that all things were prepared for our de|parture the next day, in which we were not pre|vent<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> (&s;ee <HI>lib.</HI> 19. of <HI>Sudorificks</HI>) is a great <HI>Arcanum,</HI> and greatly commended in the Pleuri&s;y, whether <HI>true</HI> or <HI>&s;purious.</HI> In the <HI>former</HI> it notably di&s;cu&s;&s;eth the collected Humours, ab&s;orbs the <HI>Acor,</HI> a&s;|&s;wageth Pains, promotes Expectoration, and &s;o &s;atisfies all indications, e&s;pecially if at fir&s;t by a conci&s;e and true method of Cure Volatils were given, and this Medicin be afterwards joined with others, as Boars Tooth prepared Philo&s;ophi|cally, (it is fir&s;t boi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d for &s;ome days in &s;imple Water or in a Copper <HI>Ve&s;ica,</HI> and then it is put in an hot Furnace, where its being chapt &s;hews it to be well prepared) Crabs Eyes, and <HI>Opium</HI> it &s;elf, with which though it be given alone, it is a mo&s;t &s;ufficient Remedy. In the <HI>&s;purious</HI> or <HI>windy</HI> Pleuri&s;y, how much <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> will do, tho&s;e know, to whom its notable carmi|native vertue is manife&s;t; for it is good outward|ly, being mixt with di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Pla&s;ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolfg. Wedel mi&s;c. curat. anni 1672. ob&s;. 72.</NOTE> where <HI>Flatus</HI> in&s;inuate them&s;elves betwixt the Mu&s;cles; and al&s;o inwardly in Flatulent Tumours, e&s;pecially in Children, for who&s;e Gripes it is al&s;o excellent.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. The Pleuri&s;y is to be conquer'd by Specificks: but how the&s;e perform their operation, all are not agreed. <HI>Helmont,</HI> &s;eeing he makes the next cau&s;e of every Pleuri&s;y to be Extrava&s;ated Blood, which is cau&s;ed by its acidity, does &s;uit|ably determine that its Remedy cures in as much as it averts the <HI>Archeus</HI> from the conception of ace&s;cence: And therefore he thinks that the &s;aid appropriate Remedies are friendly to the <HI>Archeus,</HI> that they correct the immediate cau&s;e in the <HI>Ar|cheus,</HI> take away acidity, and di&s;po&s;e the Blood to a Diaphore&s;is, and ea&s;e the Pain by extingui&s;h|ing the Acidity. Al&s;o the ferment of the Acidity being taken away, they re&s;olve as much as may be of the Extrava&s;ated Blood, and do &s;ea&s;onably ca&s;t up the remainder by Cough, not de&s;igning to bring it to <HI>Pus.</HI> Which is the cau&s;e al&s;o why the &s;ame Remedies are given in brui&s;es from falls, in as much as they re&s;olve the Blood, that is, they take away the Spine or Thorn, remove the Poi|&s;on, and in that regard incarn the place. Now there is nothing that more ea&s;ily corrects, takes away and di&s;po&s;es to a Diaphore&s;is that acidity which is ho&s;tile to the Blood and Veins, than Hy|drotick or Diaphoretick Specificks: &s;uch as are Goats Blood, the Pouder of Stags or Bulls Pizle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m. m. l. 1. c. 11. &amp; 14.</NOTE> the Juice of wild Succory, Poppy Flowers, Boars Tooth, Hor&s;e-Dung, the Herb Dai&s;y, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. The next cau&s;e of a Pleuri&s;y is the Blood &s;topt through its roapine&s;s in the &s;maller Ve&s;&s;els and Inter&s;tices of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> or el&s;e ex|trava&s;ated: (and the &s;ame is the next cau&s;e of a Peripneumony al&s;o:) Hence ari&s;es a pre&s;ervatory indication de&s;igned again&s;t the Lentor and Effer|ve&s;cence of the Blood, which pre&s;cribes &s;uch Re|medies as con&s;i&s;ting of a Volatil or Alkalizate &s;alt, do de&s;troy the combinations that the acid, fixed, or otherwi&s;e Morbifick &s;alts have entred into with other thicker particles. For which purpo&s;e the Eyes or Claws of Crabs, Boars Tooth, Carps Stones, the Jaws of a Pike, the Bone of a Stags Heart, a Stags Pizle, <HI>Sal prunella,</HI> the &s;alt of Coral, the &s;alt of Urine, or of Hart&s;horn, the Pouder of dried Goats Blood, the infu&s;ion of Hor&s;e-Dung, the Spirit of Hart&s;horn, of Sal Ar|moniack, the Spirit of Tartar, <HI>mixtura &s;implex, bezoardicum minerale, Antimonium Diaphoreticum,</HI> the Flowers of Sal Armoniack are very famous Re|medies in the Pleuri&s;y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. In <HI>March</HI> 1645. I begun to have a grievous pain in the mornings that &s;ei&s;ed upon my left Side and Brea&s;t-Bone, whence I had a great difficulty of breathing. I pre&s;ently endeavou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d to di&s;cu&s;s it with hot Fomentations, though a Fever began to appear, which yet was little enough: after the Fomentation the pain was wor&s;e, there|fore I let Blood out of the Arm of the &s;ame Side o ten ounces, which was very hot: Two hours
<PB N="508" REF="226"> after Bleeding I took a Cly&s;ter, having taken &s;ome Gruel an hour before. After a &s;econd Me&s;s of Gruel I repeated Bleeding to twelve ounces: for though the pain &s;eemed to ari&s;e principally from Wind, yet I was afraid the greatne&s;s of the pain might draw a fluxion upon the part, which in two years before had been twice afflicted with a true Pleuri&s;y. By the&s;e things the pain was &s;omewhat abated; but per&s;evering the following day, I took ano her Cly&s;ter of the Emollient Decoction, of <HI>Diaphoenicon</HI> an ounce, <HI>Aqua benedicta</HI> four ounces, which gave me &s;everal Stools and one Vomit, and whil&s;t I vomited the Wind contained in my Brea&s;t was &s;uddenly &s;cattered, &s;o that I was quite freed from the pain of my Side and <HI>Sternum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 3. ob&s;. 3.</NOTE> and had need of no other Remedy.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Boars Tooth, the Shavings of Ivory, the Jaw of a Pike, red Poppies and the like are &s;o <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ar from promi&s;ing any help in a Phlegmatick Pleuri&s;y (which &s;ome call a &s;purious or ba&s;tard one) that they &s;eem to threaten the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, and to retain in the Brea&s;t that tough and clammy Matter with very great detriment and fear of &s;uffo|cation. Therefore I wonder that Antipleuritick Pouders of the afore&s;aid things only, &s;hould be carried about and given indifferently in every Pleuri&s;y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. Grube de &s;impl. cogn. p. 34.</NOTE> I have learn d from Art it &s;elf that the Patients receive more hurt than benefit from th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e Pouders, if the <HI>fomes</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e be Phlegm.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Common Practitioners are wont to u&s;e Lambitives in the beginning of Pleuri&s;ies, which have a faculty to incra&s;&s;ate the Humour, that they may hinder the Fluxion to the part affected. The&s;e &s;eem to me to offend in a double re&s;pect: fir&s;t, becau&s;e when they are called to Pleuritical Patients, the Fluxion is already made for the greate&s;t part; &s;o that to incra&s;&s;ate that which is made, is nothing el&s;e but to hinder &s;pitting or dige&s;tion. Secondly, There are very often Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;ies, when thick Humours flow down either from the Head, or from the whole Body, in which ca&s;e Incra&s;&s;aters are Poi&s;ons. Therefore the Matter of the Pleu|ri&s;y, and the plenty of the Matter already flown are always to be ob&s;erved before Incra&s;&s;aters be given: And if that which flows be hot and thin, and be col ected in a little quantity, 'tis conve|nient to prepare a Lambitive that has a vertue to hinder a new defluxion, and al&s;o to dige&s;t that which is already flown.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. In a Bilious Pleuri&s;y, which has a notable burning and violent heat joined with it, we mu&s;t ab&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">in from Honey and Sugar and all things which are apt to be turned into Choler and to increa&s;e the heat, and we mu&s;t come to cooling Potions and Suppings,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Sal. c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mment. in text. 91. l. 2. de morb.</NOTE> which yet mu&s;t be loo&s;en|ing, not binding.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. 'Tis &s;ome que&s;tion whether Acid Po|tions be good: both becau&s;e Vinegar is offen&s;ive to the Membranes; and al&s;o becau&s;e if the Po|tions be pretty acid, where the Spittle is not ea&s;ily brought up, there proceeds greater harm from the Vi&s;co&s;ity which follows the not coughing up, than help from the irritation that accrews from the twitching of the Medicin: for upon this account did <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (3. <HI>acut.</HI>) condemn Oxymel for its acrimony. But perhaps, <HI>in lib. de affection.</HI> by the more Acid Potions he did not under&s;tand &s;uch as are very &s;harp, but tho&s;e which being &s;imply acid, may in re&s;pect of <HI>Mul&s;a</HI> and &s;weet Potions, be called more acid, which will be chiefly good in a Pleuri&s;y depending on a Phlegmatick Matter, becau&s;e in it the Phlegmatick Humour &s;ticking to the Membrane like a Pla&s;ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. com. in l. 2. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. 27. de morb.</NOTE> &s;uffers not the Mem|brane to be twirched by Acid Potions.</P>
<P N="40">XL. Some Practitioners in great want of &s;leep dare give <HI>Narcoticks,</HI> as the Syrup of Poppy, <HI>Phi|lonium Romanum, Laudanum Opia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">um:</HI> Which yet in this Di&s;ea&s;e are pernicious, for they retain the Spittle and &s;traiten the Brea&s;t, whence there often follows ha&s;ty de&s;truction. Yet this is to be under|&s;tood of a full Do&s;e of Narcoticks; for if they be given in a &s;mall quantity they may do good, in a violent pain, a trouble&s;om cough without get|ting any thing up, ari&s;ing from a very thin Hu|mour, and in continual watchings. In which ca&s;es I have often given one grain of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s, and &s;ometimes have repeated it &s;everal times. But its u&s;e is chiefly in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, for then the Humour that is a flowing into the part may he re&s;trained, and an increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e hindred.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> &para; The u&s;e of tho&s;e Medicins which are made of <HI>Opium,</HI> Hen|bane, and Mandrake, cures not the painful affecti|on of the Pleuri&s;y, but takes away the &s;en&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galen. 1. acut. 3<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> &para; Being called on the &s;eventh day to a Pleuritical Per&s;on that greatly wanted &s;leep, I gave him after Supper a little <HI>Laudanum</HI> with his pectoral deco|ction, and a little <HI>Confectio Alkermes;</HI> he re&s;ted pretty well that night, whereby Nature recovered new &s;trength, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. cent. 5. ob&s;, 37.</NOTE> and he recovered about the &s;e|venteenth day. &para; We mu&s;t note that things taken inwardly are more available; for things applied outwardly hardly penetrate to the pained part, are very &s;low of operation, and in their pa&s;&s;age to the Internal parts do incra&s;&s;ate the Humours, and up|on this account do increa&s;e the pain and its cau&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. prax. hi&s;t. l. 2. c. 3.</NOTE> &para; In a dry Pleuri&s;y and a Bilious Patient, <HI>Lau|danum</HI> being twice given after Univer&s;als, cured the Di&s;ea&s;e by ea&s;ing the pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de Mayerne, tract. in&s;. de Laudano.</NOTE> though the pain was very violent.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. That ancient Phy&s;ician <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> has admo|ni&s;hed us to take heed of hot things; for, &s;ays he, many increa&s;es happen to this Di&s;temper by the mi|&s;take of unskilful Phy&s;icians: as when upon con|jecture that the Membrane that cloaths the Ribs is &s;tuff'd with thick <HI>Flatus,</HI> they un&s;ea&s;onably give <HI>Diamo&s;chu</HI> or &s;ome Medicin that is like it in di&s;|cu&s;&s;ing and inciding, for by this un&s;ea&s;onable Cu|ration they kill their Patients.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius&punc;</NOTE> &para; I remember a Woman that began to be &s;ei&s;ed upon by a Pleuri&s;y, to whom her Phy&s;ician gave Treacle, with other heating things, and &s;he was order'd to &s;weat upon the taking thereof;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bruno Seid. de morb. incur. p. 50.</NOTE> whereupon all things growing wor&s;e, &s;he died at la&s;t of a Peripneumony.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. The difficulty about the u&s;e of Repri|ments at the beginning, is very great: For <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> u&s;es at the beginning a repre&s;&s;ing Medicin, of Ro|&s;es, Balau&s;tins, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and he &s;eems to have rea&s;on on his &s;ide; becau&s;e every beginning Inflammation is treated with Revellents and Repriments: And <HI>Galen,</HI> 11. <HI>Meth.</HI> 17. having &s;poken before of the u&s;e of A&s;tringents in an inflammation of the Li|ver, adds, In Inflammations of the Brea&s;t A&s;trin|gents are not &s;o convenient; he &s;ays not, they are altogether inconvenient, but, not <HI>&s;o</HI> convenient. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf, 2. <HI>acut.</HI> 4 u&s;es Barley and Bran in <HI>Po&s;ca</HI> (or Vinegar and Water:) Now Vinegar repre&s;&s;es. Yet Repriments &s;eem altoge|ther &s;u&s;pected: fir&s;t, In regard that A&s;tringents harden the Matter that is already flown; Secondly, They repel the &s;ame into the Lungs: Now a Pe|ripneumony is wor&s;e than a Pleuri&s;y: Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> in the fore-cited place gives great Caution that &s;uch Inflammations of the <HI>Thorax</HI> be not re|pelled to the Lungs. And indeed &s;uch &s;u&s;picious are of &s;o great moment, that I dur&s;t never u&s;e A&s;tringents in a Pleuri&s;y. To <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> we mu&s;t &s;ay, what even him&s;elf confe&s;&s;es, that the&s;e Repri|ments are then only convenient, when the Matter is as yet not flown at all, when it is hot, thin and little: But if it be not as yet flown, how is it a Pleuri&s;y? It is a trifling &s;uppo&s;ition: for it is not a Pleuri&s;y, if &s;ome part, yea &s;ometimes and generally the greate&s;t part be not already flown. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the cited place u&s;es not repre&s;&s;ing Fomentations, wherein he is wrongly condemned by <HI>Trallian;</HI> but he u&s;es that Fomen|tation to attenuate and incide that thick Matter which makes a Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43"><PB N="509" REF="226">XLIII. That we may rightly under&s;tand the ver|tue of Fomentations, we ought to note that there are three principal Remedies of a Pleuri&s;y, Fo|mentation, Vene&s;ection, and Purging; the fir&s;t whereof fights with the Conjunct Cau&s;e, and withall &s;ometimes &s;tops the Antecedent; and Vene&s;ection and Purging take away either the Antecedent Cau&s;e or the Conjunct: &s;o that in this re&s;pect Fomentation being conveniently applied, &s;ometimes excels Ve|ne&s;ection, becau&s;e Vene&s;ection is not convenient in every Pleuri&s;y, but Fomentation is: but not every Fomentation for every Pleuri&s;y, but &s;ome|times one, &s;ometimes another according to the con|dition of the Matter, the Con&s;titution of the Pa|tient, and the hi&s;tory of the Di&s;ea&s;e. For when the Matter is Bilious, warm Water is u&s;ed; when it is thick and &s;tubborn, a mixt Fomentation, which incides, attenuates and dige&s;ts: When the Catarrh is thin, a dry Fomentation, either biting, or not. But if, &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the pain cea&s;e not upon Fomentation, (through the afflux of new Matter, from an Orga&s;m, Attraction, or Exclu&s;i|on, namely, when one part unloads it &s;elf upon another) we ought not to &s;pend much time in fo|menting, but we mu&s;t make an end of heating, for this drieth the Lungs (by heating and exhau&s;ting, becau&s;e whil&s;t that which is &s;ubtil is re&s;olved, the remainder is curdled the more and made thicker) and cau&s;eth Suppuration. You will object, <HI>aph.</HI> 2. 52. If you do all things according to Rea&s;on and yet without &s;ucce&s;s, you mu&s;t not change whil&s;t that remains which was &s;een at the beginning: but here it remains, for the Phy&s;ician ought &s;till to en|deavour to remove the pain and to re&s;tore the part. I <HI>an&s;wer,</HI> That the &s;aid Aphori&s;m is to be under|&s;tood, if &s;o be there be no danger of a greater mi&s;chief. Hence appears the errour of the Mo|derns, who not only pre&s;cribe hot Baths, but al&s;o apply Pla&s;ters that are notably heating. Therefore when you have made provi&s;ion for the whole, ply your Fomentations; but if the Malady abate not, return to Vene&s;ection. Now there are two &s;orts of Fomentations, <HI>Tryers,</HI> and <HI>Mitigaters</HI> of the pain. <HI>Mitigaters</HI> have no place in a true Pleuri&s;y, unle&s;s the whole Body be fir&s;t evacuated, for otherwi&s;e the <HI>impetus</HI> of the Humours will increa&s;e. Where|fore we &s;hall then chiefly u&s;e Fomentations in the beginning of a pain in the Side, when we think that the Matter that is flown thereinto may be ex|hau&s;ted thence, as not running &s;o much about by its plenty: Wherefore ob&s;erve whether the Patient have been accu&s;tomed to a &s;pare Diet, or whether &s;ome great Evacuation have preceded. But where there is an Apyrexy, there will be no danger from the Fomentation, if the Body be not too full of Humours, or oppre&s;&s;ed with their quality. But when we <HI>try</HI> the Malady by Fomentation, we do it before Evacuation, that it may appear whether plenty of Matter be in fault: If the pain be in|crea&s;ed by Fomentation, pre&s;ently open a Vein. But Mitigaters mu&s;t be u&s;ed after Bleeding: Let the&s;e be &s;uch as may mollify and rarefy the part, and may re&s;olve the Blood, if it be little, into the habit. Now there are divers manners of Fomenta|tions, for they are made with a Bladder, Sponge, or Catapla&s;m. On the fir&s;t day we anoint the Side with the Oil of Violets; on the &s;econd with the Oil of Almonds; on the third with the Oil of Cha|momel; on the fourth we u&s;e a Catapla&s;m or Poulte&s;s, of Lin&s;eed, Fenugreek Seed, Mallow Seed, of the Roots of Mar&s;hmallows and of Cha|momel Flowers: on the fifth, if it tend to Suppu|ration, we add Suets or Grea&s;es: But if the Di&s;|ea&s;e be moi&s;t, and there be much cough'd up deep at the beginning, Bags of Millet, Bran, Salt and Cummin will be better: But if the Patient Ex|pectorate, we mu&s;t never depart from moi&s;t Fo|mentations. And always ob&s;erve this caution, that whil&s;t 'tis doubtful whether it be only Wind, or a true Pleuri&s;y, you mu&s;t pre&s;ently come to the Oils of Chamomel and Rue, with the Seeds of Cummin and Dill, which yet we u&s;e rightly in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e al&s;o. If the pain be ea&s;ed by Fomentations, con&s;ider exact<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y whether that come to pa&s;s upon account of the Fomentation: becau&s;e upon the fir&s;t Blandiment of the Fomentation the pain in a Phlegmon often grows milder, becau&s;e the extended part is loo&s;ened, but by and by it returns fiercer when new Matter is &s;ent into the Phlegmon. It &s;ometimes happens that when the Matter is deeper imprinted, the pain is not miti|gated by Vene&s;ection, becau&s;e the Membrane that cloaths the Ribs being thicker than u&s;ual, grants no exit to the Matter that has in&s;inuated it &s;elf into it&punc; in this ca&s;e Fomentation is of principal u&s;e: And in all Fomentations take heed that by their weight they add not pain to pain. If you find that Fo|mentations do no good, u&s;e them not above two days, le&s;t the thin Humour be exhau&s;ted out of the part affected. Again, If the Patient burn with an <HI>Ae&s;tus</HI> from Cholerick Blood, &s;ee that in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e you anoint with the Oil of Violets or with <HI>&V;nguentum Re&s;umptivum;</HI> for in an Inflammation of the Brea&s;t Coolers and A&s;trin|gents are to be applied &s;paringly. For 'tis &s;uffi|cient that by the&s;e things which are endued with a gentle a&s;triction the Brea&s;t be &s;trengthned, that the inflamed part, which is hot and pained, may not by attraction &s;o ea&s;ily receive the Matter: Now it does &s;o when we u&s;e Loo&s;eners: Yet if all way be intercepted for the flowing Matter, it is driven into a certain Orga&s;m, and provokes a Peripneu|mony and Phthi&s;is. If it be a Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;y, as if the Malady be &s;eated in the Mu&s;cles, make a Pla&s;ter of Pitch and the Oil of Dill: and if the Matter be cold add two drachms of Sulphur.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> Hot Fomentations even in cold and windy pa&s;|&s;ions &s;eem at the fir&s;t to hurt, becau&s;e the <HI>Flatus</HI> being attenuated they di&s;tend more, and the pain increa&s;es:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. de vict. Acut. p. 52.</NOTE> but by continuance they cure the pain which at fir&s;t they increa&s;ed. &para; Heating Reme|dies to be applied to the pained &s;ide are &s;ome of them &s;imply Anodyne, others both Anodyne and Maturating: Anodynes may be admini&s;tred in the beginning to a&s;&s;wage pain, and &s;omewhat to di&s;|cu&s;s the Matter, becau&s;e &s;eeing they are endued with no great hear, and rather loo&s;en than ob&s;truct, they may rather lenify than attract: <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commends the&s;e Heaters both in <HI>lib. acut</HI> and in 2. <HI>de morb.</HI> But Concocting and Maturating Me|dicins, &s;eeing they are apt not to loo&s;en but ob|&s;truct, not to evaporate the inward heat, but to increa&s;e and cheri&s;h it, are not convenient in the beginning,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salius com. in text. lib. de aff. lib. 2. 87. de morb.</NOTE> becau&s;e then they increa&s;e the Fluxion and Inflammation: The&s;e are condemned.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Many add Wax to Liniments, which yet is not convenient, becau&s;e it ob&s;tructs the Pores; as neither are Mucilages which are Empla&s;tick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. en|chir. med. pract.</NOTE> be|cau&s;e they cool and bind.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. Among&s;t the Remedies that u&s;e at one and the &s;ame time to move Spitting, Urine, and Sweat in Pleuritical Per&s;ons, is a <HI>Bath of &s;weet Water;</HI> which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> mentions 3. <HI>acut.</HI> 58. by who&s;e Authority both the <HI>Arabians,</HI> and <HI>Latins</HI> and <HI>Greeks</HI> are induced to commend it. But it &s;eems to be &s;u&s;pected by me; for if it be made u&s;e of when the pain is urgent, when Spitting pro|ceeds not well, (which he &s;eems to de&s;ire it &s;hould be, when he writes, that it ea&s;es pain and promotes &s;pitting) at this time the Pleuri&s;y is in its in|crea&s;e, or at lea&s;t in the beginning of the &s;tate, at which time it will carry the Humours that are colli|quated in all the parts of the Body, to the part affected. Therefore <HI>Galen,</HI> 12. <HI>Meth.</HI> 13. &s;u&s;pects it in an Inflammation of the parts of the Brea&s;t, le&s;t the inflamed part being heated and relaxed by it, &s;hould receive the Fluxion. And if any &s;ay that it is to be u&s;ed in the time of Concoction, and
<PB N="510" REF="227"> only in the declination, it will indeed be of no u&s;e: for in the declination the pain cea&s;eth, and the Spittle is already concocted and in a great mea|&s;ure brought forth:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> Therefore in a word, I do not approve of a Bath.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Though the Body be di&s;&s;olved, and all the faculties dejected in immoderate want of &s;leep; yet according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s Precept, 3. <HI>de morb. t.</HI> 56 &s;leep is greatly to be &s;hunn'd, &s;eeing by it, e&s;pecially if long, mo&s;t of all that which comes in the beginning of the Inva&s;ions, the Internal In|flammations of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are increa&s;ed, becau&s;e the Blood retires then to the inner parts, as <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> teaches, 6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 5. <HI>t.</HI> 30. whence Per&s;ons become hotter when they are a&s;leep, both the native and ex raneous heat retiring to the in|wards. Add hereto, that &s;eeing the Animal fa|culty is then made drow&s;y, the Pleuri&s;y can nei|ther be purged by &s;pitting, nor the i&s;&s;uing Matter be hawked up, but remaining within, it increa&s;es the difficulty of breathing, ob&s;tructing the pa&s;&s;ages of the Brea&s;t by thick and tough Matter, which mi&s;ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">efs are only declined by coughing, which we make u&s;e of only when we are awake. But <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;ays in the cited place, that &s;leep is very much to be kept off, but not altogether, becau&s;e of the nece&s;&s;ity of it, and the detriments of too great wa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">chings.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. There oft happens a certain middle Di&s;ea&s;e, compounded of a Pleuri&s;y and Peripneu|mony, yet more dangerous than a Pleuri&s;y, in &s;uch who&s;e Lungs being ill affected &s;tick to their Ribs: For a Fluxion being poured into their Side, it is apt to bur&s;t in Lungs that are morbous and weak and cleaving to the Side. This is di&s;tin|gui&s;hed from a Pleuri&s;y, becau&s;e though it have a pain in the Side accompanying it, yet that pain is <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> proportionable to the Fever; and be&s;ides t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e is felt a grievous pain extending it &s;elf even to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he middle of the Brea&s;t. Moreover upon once, twice, or thrice Bleeding the pain of the Side is allayed, but the Fever continues, as likewi&s;e doth the difficu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ty of breathing, and coughing up yel|low or red Spittle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Euchir. med. pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. <HI>J. Prevotius</HI> ob&s;erved that a Pleuri&s;y of the left Side was for the mo&s;t part depo&s;ited by U<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ine: And therefore he gave the milder Diure|ticks in this ca&s;e with good &s;ucce&s;s; among&s;t which <HI>Diacuminum</HI> was a familiar Remedy with him: D aphoreticks never an&s;wer'd his de&s;ire: And when <HI>Rulandus</HI> extols the&s;e &s;o greatly, without doubt he has an Eye to the Story of <HI>Anaxion, Epid.</HI> 3. <HI>Agr.</HI> 8.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. cent. 2. ob&s;. 13.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. That is worth ob&s;ervation which <HI>Are|taeus</HI> hath noted: I, &s;ays he, the Pleuritical be out of d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nger, yet &s;till cough a little, and an heat now and then return and mole&s;t them; we mu&s;t ha&s;ten to make a thorough di&s;cu&s;&s;ion; for wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t is le<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t, either cau&s;es a Relap&s;e, or turns to Suppuration.</P>
<P N="50">L. U&s;e great caution when the Phthi&s;ical are troubled with a pain in their Side: for &s;ometimes &s;tubborn <HI>Flatus</HI> get into their Lungs, &s;eeing their Lungs that float with continual moi&s;ture, &s;tick to the &s;ides of the <HI>Thorax,</HI> as if they were preterna|turally glued to them. Apply only Fomentations and <HI>Sacculi</HI> or Bags, Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es, and then a Pla&s;ter of Melilot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> <HI>See Sect.</HI> XVII.</P>
<P N="51">LI. The Liver in &s;ome Bodies is naturally knit to &s;ome of the &s;hort Ribs by Fibres; and there|fore when the Liver is di&s;ea&s;ed in the&s;e Per&s;ons, there is a repre&s;entation of a Pleuri&s;y. In others there is collected a certain thick and vi&s;cid Matter in the Membranes of the Brea&s;t, al&s;o all the <HI>Thorax</HI> over, whence there is a great pain, a difficulty of Breathing and a counterfeit Pleuri&s;y; for there is neither a pricking pain, nor is there a Fever kindled: as neither are there, if there be <HI>Flatus</HI> impacted in the M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s, or in the Interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles. Sometimes likewi&s;e the Mu&s;cles are inflamed, but then here is another manner of pul&s;e, namely a &s;oft one; the pain is heavy, not pricking; and all things generally are lighter. The Membranes al&s;o that part the <HI>Thorax</HI> (called <HI>Media&s;tinum</HI>) if they be inflamed are as dangerous to Life as a true Pleu|ri&s;y. In like manner when the lower Ribs are in|flamed, the Midriff, and from hence the Stomach are very dangerou&s;ly affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Holler. l. 1. de m. intern.</NOTE></P>
<P N="52">LII. A Soldier complains of a trouble&s;om pricking in his Side: A Barber being called, &s;up|po&s;ing it to be the Colick, gives him a Purge, which wrought &s;o by Stool for two days, that at length he voided a great deal of Blood. When he was almo&s;t &s;pent, he con&s;ults a Phy&s;ician, who con|&s;idering all things diligently, &s;ees and tells him that he's &s;ick of a Pleuri&s;y: He was pre&s;ently, let Blood, then he &s;pit forth a laudable <HI>Pus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Thom. Bar|thol. cent. 3. ob&s;. 74.</NOTE> by which being relieved he recovered.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. A Girl of eight years old began to be ill of a Cough and Fever, to which &s;ucceeded a pain in her Side, &s;o that &s;he was thought to be Pleuri|tical. On the fifth day of her illne&s;s &s;he voided four Worms upon taking a Cly&s;ter: On the days following &s;he voided &s;everal, both by the help of &s;uch things as &s;he took to kill them, and al&s;o by Purgers. Whence it appears that Vapours rai&s;ed from a putrid Matter (of which the Worms are generated) produce the pains of the Side, and a Cough and other &s;ymptoms re&s;embling a Pleuri&s;y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 1. ob&s;. 75.</NOTE> &para; I had a Girl to my Patient who had all the &s;ym|ptoms that are u&s;ual in a Pleuri&s;y; there was a pricking pain in the right &s;ide of her Brea&s;t, a little dry Cough that was rai&s;ed on every &s;mall occa&s;ion, her Pul&s;e felt hard, and was not altogether unlike a Saw and Recurring, &s;he broathed &s;hort, and had a continual Fever. Ob&s;erving that &s;ometimes her Body was cold all over, and &s;ometimes hot, with one or other Cheek red, upon giving her a Medi|cin to kill and bring forth the Worms, &s;he pre|&s;ently voided many and recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabucin. c. 13. l. de lumbric.</NOTE> See <HI>Quercetan pharm. dogmat. re&s;t, cap:</HI> 7.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. Mr. <HI>N.</HI>'s Maid was troubled with a prick|ing pain in her Side, with a Cough and white Spittle, which yet twice or thrice appear'd Bloody. She could lie better on the pained Side, which was the right. She had no Fever, which was a &s;ign 'twas no true Pleuri&s;y, &s;eeing &s;uch Inflammation cannot be without an Acute Fever. On the &s;eventh day of her ilne&s;s, &s;eeing the pain had never inter|mitted, &s;he &s;pit Blood plentifully for &s;ome hours, whereupon there follow'd a Flux of her Terms, and thereupon a perfect &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e. I thought the cau&s;e of this Di&s;temper to be an Acri|monious Humour tran&s;lated into her Side by the Veins, which cau&s;ed the pain without inflammation: Which Serous Humour being exagitated, opened &s;ome little Veins on the &s;eventh day, whence hap|pened her &s;pitting of Blood: but Nature con|quering,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laz. Riv. cent. 1. ob&s;. 73.</NOTE> and &s;ending off that Serous Matter to the Veins, there was made a &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="55">LV. The Wife of Mr. <HI>N.</HI> was taken with a Pleuri&s;y on her right Side, and that very grie|vous: About the later end of the &s;eventh day and beginning of the eighth &s;he was taken &s;uddenly with &s;o great a Palpitation, that her ordinary Phy|&s;ician thought it to be the la&s;t &s;truglings of Nature, and foretold that death would &s;peedily follow. I was of opinion that that Palpitation proceeded from &s;ome putrid Matter evaporating, contained in the lower Belly: The event &s;hew'd it to be &s;o; for after two hours &s;he had two very &s;tinking Stools, upon which &s;he was freed from the Palpitation. Her ca&s;e was &s;u&s;pected to be full of danger, be|cau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e had not been le&s;&s;ened in &s;even days time by any Remedies, not &s;o much as by re|peated Bleeding: And now though the &s;ymptoms &s;eemed to abate, there appeared a <HI>Parotis</HI> on the eleventh day, which the next day di&s;appear'd, and
<PB N="511" REF="227"> &s;he died on the thirteenth. Whence it appeared to have been a Malignant Pleuri&s;y,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lazar. Riv. cent. 1. ob&s;. 72.</NOTE> or rather a Malignant Fever accompanied with a Pleuri&s;y.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. The <HI>Pleura</HI> is not only &s;ubject to Inflam|mation, which a <HI>Pleuri&s;y, Empyema,</HI> and <HI>Vomica</HI> (or Impo&s;thume) follow, but al&s;o to a certain pain which a &s;alt Humour cau&s;eth. This may be di&s;tingui&s;hed from a Pleuri&s;y, becau&s;e though here be a dry Cough, yet there is no Fever, and al&s;o a free Re&s;piration. I u&s;e to cure it by Bleed|ing and Sweating, if there be fear of a Pleuri&s;y, I apply this Pla&s;ter outwardly: <HI>Take of the Marrow in a Cows Leg-Bone, and of Ducks Grea&s;e, of each three ounces, of the Mucilage of Mar&s;hmallows, Lin|&s;eed, Fenugreek Seed, of each an ounce, of Fran|kincen&s;e, Ma&s;tich, of each half a drachm,</HI> ol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> nuci&s;t. <HI>by expre&s;&s;ion two drachms,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette Anat. Pract. p. m. 130.</NOTE> <HI>of yellow Wax as much as is &s;ufficient, mix them.</HI></P>
<P N="57">LVII. <HI>Fernelius, Pathol. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 10. notes, that when a pain &s;ucceeds an Inflammation of the Lungs, an Ulcer, or Ab&s;ce&s;s of the Side, the pain being inward, firm, and permanent, it &s;ignifies that the affected Lungs do now adhere to the <HI>Pleura</HI> by the intervention of Phlegm or &s;ome clammy <HI>Sanio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> that flows out of the Di&s;ea&s;ed Lungs. In that ca&s;e there is place for no other Remedies but tho&s;e that are able to loo&s;e that Cohe&s;ion, and melt the clammine&s;s of the <HI>Sanies</HI> or Phlegm, as Fomenta|tions of warm Water, Milk, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> contained in Bladders: Drying hot Fomentations do harm by increa&s;ing the clammine&s;s of the <HI>Sanies</HI> and Phlegm.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. A young Man having been run in at the Back as far as his Lungs, was taken with an Acute Fever, with a pricking pain, and difficulty, of breathing, &s;o that he was e&s;teemed Pleuritical: The next day the Membranes of his Lungs being inflamed, he complained of a pain reaching to the Orifice of the Wound behind Hence <HI>J. D. Sala</HI> taking it for &s;omething el&s;e than a Pleuri&s;y felt upon the part where the Wound had been made, and con&s;ulting with his Rea&s;on, pronounced the Fever to ari&s;e from a <HI>Vomica</HI> bred in the Lungs through a collection of <HI>Pus:</HI> nor did he gue&s;s ami&s;s, for by the u&s;e of fitting Remedies all the <HI>Pus</HI> was brought up by coughing, and the Patient recovered very well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barth. cent. 3. hi&s;t. 95.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicins e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A drachm of the Pouder of dried Burdock Roots taken in the Morning in warm Water, and &s;weating upon it, pre&s;ently ca&s;es the pain and cures the Patient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Bened.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. An infu&s;ion of Hor&s;e-Dung in thin White Wine for a Man, and of Mares Dung for a Wo|man, being drunk betimes in the morning, and the Patient compo&s;ing him&s;elf to &s;leep after it, does excellently di&s;cu&s;s the Tumour in a Pleuri&s;y, by in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration. For there is a great di&s;cu&s;&s;ive vertue in Hor&s;e-Dung becau&s;e of its &s;ulphur, and the fixt and volatil &s;alt that are found plentifully in it. &para; The Blood drawn out of a Goats Stones is a mo&s;t certain Remedy for a Ba|&s;tard Pleuri&s;y, both anointed outwardly, and taken to a drachm inwardly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Joh. Fab.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Take of <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> two drachms, the Flowers of red Poppy poudered, red Coral, of each a drachm, of Sugar-Candy half an ounce: Make a Pouder: The Do&s;e is two drachms, drink|ing after it &s;ome red Poppy or <HI>Carduus</HI> Water. It is an excellent Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. O&s;w. Gr.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. It is an excellent Remedy, to give on the &s;e|cond day a drachm of the Pouder of the Seeds of Ladies Thi&s;tle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Joel.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. This is a very profitable Ointment for a&s;&s;wa|ging the pain: Take of the Ointment of Mar&s;h|mallows an ounce, the Oil of Sweet Almonds half an ounce: Anoint the pained part herewith warm, and while it is moi&s;t, &s;prinkle thereon &s;ome fine Pouder of Chamomel Flowers, and lay over all a warm Colewort Leaf anointed with Butter or Hogs Grea&s;e, tying it on with bandage.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Z. Lu&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. I have &s;een many Pleuritical Per&s;ons cured with Pigeons Dung, taken to half a drachm, in &s;ome convenient Liquor.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dom. Pana|rol.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. For mitigating the pain and procuring &s;weat this is admirable: Take of the Water of Chamo|mel Flowers four ounces, of Sugar two drachms; take this Draught for two or three mornings hot, and &s;leep upon it lying warm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;t. Rhod,</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Prurigo,</HI> Scurf or Mange.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Man cured by a Decoction of Snakes. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Another cured by a Bath of &V;rine. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Young Man being troubled with a Scurf, could get quit of it by no Remedies: At length he was quite cured by a Decoction of Snakes, &s;ix ounces whereof he took at night three hours after Supper with a little Sugar, for forty days together. For Snakes (<HI>Ari&s;tot.</HI> 8. <HI>de gen. anim. cap.</HI> 17. calls them Vipers) dry, ab&s;terge, clean&s;e the Skin, thru&s;t the &s;uperfluous Humour to the External parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. prax. adm. ob&s;. 2. lib. 1.</NOTE> and bridle the naughty qua|lity thereof.</P>
<P N="2">II. Of what efficacy a Bath of Urine is for cu|ring Cutaneous Di&s;ea&s;es, <HI>Galen, Actius, &amp;c.</HI> &s;hew, for it ab&s;terges very much. A Melancholick young Man was a long time troubled with a Scurf or Mange, for thin and branny Scales &s;hell'd off from all his Body, leaving many Ulcers behind, flowing with virulent <HI>Sanies:</HI> When all other things would do no good, he was quite recovered by u&s;ing only a Bath of Urine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ob&s;. 3.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Praegnantium affectus,</HI> or the Di&s;ea&s;es of Women with Child.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It is a difficult thing to Phy&s;ick Women with Child. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t Phy&s;icians undertake the cure of them. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Women with Child may be bled in the Foet. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Di&s;ea&s;es are better mitigated by Bleeding than Purging. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Remedy is &s;afe&s;t, Bleeding or Purging. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Purging</HI> be convenient. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is not to be u&s;ed. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cly&s;ters</HI> are hurtful. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pills</HI> are rarely to be pre&s;cribed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Diureticks</HI> are not to be u&s;ed. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Acidulae</HI> or Mineral Waters is not &s;afe. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is &s;ometimes place for <HI>Sudorificks. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a <HI>Bath</HI> be profitable. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Affections of the Mind are to be allayed. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their <HI>Diet</HI> is to be duly ordered, if they be taken with Acute Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Butter</HI> is hurtful. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Exerci&s;e</HI> be convenient. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pica</HI> or Longing is not to be cured the &s;ame way in them as in others. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vomiting</HI> does not forbid Bleeding. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be &s;tay'd by Narcoticks. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="512" REF="228">
<ITEM>It is to be &s;topt with caution. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An immoderate <HI>Flux of Blood</HI> is &s;tanched by pro|voking the Birth. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame &s;tanched upon bringing forth a dead <HI>Foetus. XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How and where we mu&s;t u&s;e A&s;tringents. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THere is a great difficulty in Women with Child in every re&s;pect; and I always u&s;e to &s;ay to my Scholars, There are two things in Phy&s;ick which I am mo&s;t troubled and &s;olicitous about, wherein I am pre&s;t with the greate&s;t diffi|culties, and almo&s;t falter and &s;tumble, namely, when I Phy&s;ick Women with Child, and Infants; for the Cure of Women with Child is doubtful, difficult, and full of anxiety. Wherefore I think that we &s;hould always walk with a Leaden Foot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Ferd. hi&s;t. 13.</NOTE> and do all things with premeditation.</P>
<P N="2">II. Though mo&s;t Phy&s;icians refu&s;e the Care of Women with Child, yet they are not to be left de&s;titute: yea, we m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y &s;af<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly undertake their Cure, when they have a laudable Blood to nouri&s;h their <HI>Foetus</HI> withal; but we may not hope &s;o well in the Cacochymical,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Raym. Fortis, con&s;. 76. cent. 2.</NOTE> who are apt to mi&s;carry upon taking of Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="3">III. Whether may Women with Child be let Blood in the Foot? This Que&s;tion is founded in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, the Epilep&s;y, an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> of the Womb, great pains, burning Fevers, which depend on the Womb. Women according to <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> abound with Blood about their Womb. Therefore there is no doubt but that Blood is to be taken from a Woman with Child when &s;he is ill of an Acute Di&s;ea&s;e, even though it injure and endanger the <HI>Foetus,</HI> becau&s;e it is better to &s;tudy and provide for the health and &s;afety of the Mother than of the <HI>Foetus,</HI> &s;eeing its Life de|pends on the Mothers: and Blood is to be let as often as the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hall require it. But the Que&s;tion con&s;i&s;ts in this, Whether Vene|&s;ection in the Foot be convenient and &s;afe? For if according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> a Woman with Child mi&s;|carry upon Bleeding, much more when &s;he is Bled in the Foot, becau&s;e Food is thereby withdrawn from the <HI>Foetus,</HI> according to <HI>Galen, in comment.</HI> For this kind of Remedy is de&s;igned for provok|ing the Terms, according to the &s;ame <HI>Galen,</HI> and to unload the Womb, and to revel from it what|&s;oever it contains that is trouble&s;om and painful. 'Tis better therefore to draw as much Blood out of the Arm as is nece&s;&s;ary, than out of the Foot, becau&s;e through the Circulation all the Blood re|turns from the lower parts upwards to the Heart. And the Blood is contained in greater quantity above the Liver than below, by rea&s;on of the parts of the Brea&s;t, and of the Head which re|ceives a great deal: Therefore Bleeding in the Arm may equally revel from the Womb, becau&s;e the Liver makes the middle of the Body, accord|ing to <HI>Galen,</HI> and revul&s;ion ought to be made to a contrary part. Be&s;ides, it empties the parts of the Brea&s;t and Head &s;ooner and more commodi|ou&s;ly. But if the fir&s;t or &s;econd Vene&s;ection &s;hould be made in the Foot, while the Uterine Ve&s;|&s;els are yet full, it wou d be tolerable; but it is not u&s;ed but when the upper parts are already ex|hau&s;ted, and therefore the Blood that is contained about the Womb in the Hypoga&s;trick Ve&s;&s;els, is revelled and withdrawn from the <HI>Foetus:</HI> from whence an Abortion may follow, if it be defrauded of its nouri&s;hment. Moreover Vene&s;ection in the Foot is nearer to the Womb, than that in the Arm, and &s;o is apter to cau&s;e Abortion: And Vene&s;ecti|on in the Foot does draw by the Arteries the neare&s;t way from the Womb, which that in the Arm does not do. Wherefore 'tis better in a Woman with Child to open a Vein in the Arm than in the Foot, unle&s;s the Phy&s;ician intend to procure Abortion to pre&s;erve the Mother from imminent danger of death. But if the Woman &s;hould be in the greate&s;t danger of her Life, and without an intention of cau&s;ing Abortion &s;hould need Bleeding in her Foot, her &s;trength holding up, it were better to Bleed her therein from the &s;ixth Month inclu&s;ively to the ninth, though the <HI>Foetus</HI> be then bigger; becau&s;e by the great providence of Nature Blood is contained (as in a Store-hou&s;e) within the &s;ub&s;tance of the Fungous Womb, and in the <HI>Pla|centa</HI> that is now thick and large, enough for the nouri&s;hment of the <HI>Foetus</HI> for &s;ome days: But in the other foregoing Months, when the <HI>Placenta</HI> is little and &s;ticks not firmly to the &s;ides of the Womb, that has not as yet acquired a thickne&s;s ca|pacious enough, to &s;uck up and contain the Blood that is as yet fluid about the Womb in the Hypo|ga&s;trick Ve&s;&s;els, by Bleeding in the Foot it may be recalled as in the Men&s;trual Purgation, and &s;o be withdrawn from the Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. an|thropogr. l. 6. in fine.</NOTE> and therefore an Abor|tion would follow.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Di&s;ea&s;es that &s;ei&s;e upon Women not with Child, as Vomiting, want of Appetite and the like, in them need Purging rather than Bleed|ing, becau&s;e they are cau&s;ed by a Cacochymie abounding in the Stomach and the whole Body: But in Women with Child they need Bleeding more, becau&s;e they are cau&s;ed by the Blood re|tained from the very beginning of their being with Child. And Experience hath taught that the Vo|mitings which often afflict Women with Child in the fir&s;t Months, are aggravated by Purgations, but are much relieved by Bleeding, yea, are wholly removed, if it be repeated every Month till the &s;ymptom wear off.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. According to <HI>Hippocrates, aph.</HI> 1. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4. one would think that we &s;hould reckon Purging to be &s;afer than Bleeding; for he there permits Purging in a certain ca&s;e and time; but on the contrary concerning Vene&s;ection he writes ab&s;olutely, 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 10. that it cau&s;es Abortion. But Purgers do cau&s;e a great agiration, and generally have a qua|lity that is injurious to the Body, and be&s;ides pro|voke the Terms, and cau&s;e Gripings: Whereas on the contrary Bleeding is admini&s;tred with le&s;s perturbation of the Humours; nor does it hurt any otherwi&s;e but as it deprives the <HI>Foetus</HI> of its aliment, which fear is vain if there be a <HI>Plethora.</HI> And it appears by Experience that Bleeding has better &s;ucce&s;s than Purging, when there is pre&s;ent the &s;ame rea&s;on of Indicants and Permittents. Add, that many Acute Di&s;ea&s;es &s;pring from plenty of Blood, for which Bleeding is the propere&s;t Re|medy.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates, aph.</HI> 1. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4. hath defined the u&s;e of Purgation in Women with Child; <HI>Women with Child are to be Phy&s;ick'd, if the Matter be Tur|gent, in the fourth Month, and till the &s;eventh; but the&s;e later more &s;paringly: But we mu&s;t have a care when the</HI> Foetus <HI>is very young, or when it is full grown. Galen in comment&punc;</HI> &s;ays, that <HI>Foetus</HI> are like to the fruits of Trees; Now the&s;e when they are newly &s;haped or &s;et, have but weak Stalks, and therefore they ea&s;ily fall off when a violent Wind &s;hakes them; but afterwards when they are grown &s;omewhat bigger they are not &s;o ea&s;ily &s;haken off the Trees: and yet when they are come to their full growth and are ripe, they fall off of their own accord and without any extrin&s;ick violence. In like manner Women &s;uffer Abortion in the fir&s;t and la&s;t Months, becau&s;e in tho&s;e Months the <HI>Foetus</HI> is not &s;o firmly knit to the Womb. But in our times Purgers are admini&s;tred almo&s;t in every Month of their being with Child, in Di&s;ea&s;es which are pro|duced by a predominance of Excrements and a Cacochymie, when the Matter is turgent, or con|cocted, as often as there impends greater danger on the part of the Cacochymie, than from the commotions rai&s;ed by the Purge. Phy&s;icians have been made bolder herein upon the account of the
<PB N="513" REF="228"> gentle and harm e&s;s Medicins that we u&s;e now adays, as Rhubar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, Myrobalans, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Manna, Senna, Agarick, and the like. Yet we mu&s;t always have regard to <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s opinion, that Purgers may be given more &s;afely in the middle Months, but are to be u&s;ed more wa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ily in the fir&s;t and la&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> &para; Being with Child hinders Purgation for fear of Abortion; and though even Acute Fevers be pre|&s;ent, and the Matter be Turgent, yet the offend|ing Humours may be corrected and evacuated by divers Remedies without &s;trong Purgers. For &s;uch Medicins are common at this day, as prepare the Humours, and bring them to the ways of the Ducts, without making u&s;e of any violent Remedy. And we mu&s;t know that in the Di&s;ea&s;es of Women with Child there is &s;ometimes a very great fermen|tation of the Blood, becau&s;e of &s;ome Preterna|tural ferment rai&s;ed in the ma&s;s of Blood, which Purging Medicins, as &s;uch, can no ways bridle: and moreover 'tis very doubtful as yet, whether that fermental <HI>Effluvium</HI> will follow the guidance of the Purgers. See <HI>Zacut. M. P. H. l.</HI> 3. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 14. <HI>Fr. Hofm. m. m. p.</HI> 53. <HI>Schenkius ob&s;. l.</HI> 4. <HI>p.</HI> 554.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is not to be given to Women with Child, as no more are mo&s;t Diureticks, becau&s;e through the nearne&s;s of the Womb with the Blad|der, which they provoke to expul&s;ion, they may do much harm: Be&s;ides, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> by its &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture relaxeth the Womb, and weakens the Co|tyledons; and 'tis al&s;o &s;u&s;pected for breeding Wind. <HI>Zacutus</HI> thinks that it may be &s;o corrected by the addition of Spices and Carminatives, as to become harmle&s;s; but Experience witne&s;&s;eth that it is not &s;ate to u&s;e it.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. And the Evacuation that is made by <HI>Cly|&s;ters</HI> is altogether un&s;afe, becau&s;e it may cau&s;e Abortion by compre&s;&s;ing the Womb. When there|fore there is need of them, and Women have been accu&s;tomed to this kind of Remedy, they ought to be made up in a le&s;s quantity, and to be made of tho&s;e things which are endued with a vertue rather to mollify and loo&s;en, than to purge &s;trongly.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The u&s;e of <HI>Pills</HI> ought always to be &s;u&s;pect|ed, both becau&s;e they di&s;turb the Body more, and al&s;o becau&s;e of the Aloes, which for its notable bitterne&s;s is offen&s;ive to the <HI>Foetus,</HI> and is believed to open the mouths of the Veins. But if its u&s;e &s;eem nece&s;&s;ary at any time in the more grievous Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach, which are often wont to afflict Wom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n with Child in their fir&s;t months of being &s;o, let it be well wa&s;hed with Ro&s;e-Water, that its acrimony may be taken away; or let it be mixt with a&s;tringents and &s;trengtheners, as Ma&s;tich and the like.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Diureticks,</HI> becau&s;e they are apt to provoke the Terms al&s;o, ought to be &s;u&s;pected, and if the nece&s;&s;ity of the Di&s;ea&s;e do &s;ometimes require them, let the more gentle be cho&s;en.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The drinking of <HI>Acidulae</HI> (or Mineral Waters) is to be denied, (<HI>viz.</HI> the Medicinal drinking, not the extraordinary, wherein a draught or two is granted for plea&s;ure or to quench thir&s;t) Fir&s;t, becau&s;e by opening, inciding, attenuating, and ab&s;terging they provoke the Terms; whereby Aliment is withdrawn from the Womb: Secondly, becau&s;e the Belly is thereby loo&s;ened; but things provoking to Stool are hurtful, <HI>aph.</HI> 34. 5. and 27. 7. Hereby the <HI>Foetus</HI> is deprived of Aliment, the bands whereby it is tied to the Womb are loo&s;ened, and the <HI>Foetus</HI> is offended by the frequent &s;tench of the Excrements as they pa&s;s by.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Sudorificks,</HI> if they be of the milder &s;ort, may be &s;afely u&s;ed, Experience teaching that they are beneficial to Women with Child that are in|fected with the Pox, or Plague, or the like Di&s;|ea&s;es: for when there are vitious Humours in the Body, if Nature be not infirm, &s;uch th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ngs help more than they hurt, and Nature joins her &s;elf as a Companion with the Medicins again&s;t the Morbi|fick Cau&s;es, which being bani&s;hed, the Spirits and Faculties are re&s;tored.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Concerning a <HI>Bath Avicen</HI> thus admo|ni&s;hes, <HI>But if &s;uperfluities be multiplied in them, 'tis fitting they bathe often.</HI> But indeed it is naught, unle&s;s towards the later end of the ninth month, for it dejects the Spirits, &s;oftens and loo&s;ens the bands that contain the <HI>Foetus,</HI> breeds Crudities, and which is wor&s;t, provokes the Terms, by un|locking the Ve&s;&s;els and fu&s;ing the Blood. But to &s;it in a Bath is profitable for tho&s;e who are near their labour, for by it the Womb is dilated, the neighbouring parts are &s;oftned, and an ea&s;y pa&s;|&s;age is granted to the <HI>Foetus.</HI></P>
<P N="14">XIV. As often as a Woman with Child is &s;truck with &s;ome <HI>violent affection of mind,</HI> a fright, anger, or &s;adne&s;s, whereby there is danger &s;he &s;hould fall in Travail before her time; fir&s;t a Vein mu&s;t be opened in her Arm, e&s;pecially if &s;he be Plethorick, and a &s;mall quantity of Blood taken, that is, if her &s;trength and Spirits permit; otherwi&s;e let her drink a Gla&s;s of Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Secondly, Let the Spirits and Humours that are di&s;turbed and ro&s;&s;ed all the Body over, be allayed by Anodynes and Opiates admini&s;tred prudently, &s;ometimes Aro|maticks, and &s;ometimes Acidi&s;h Medicins being added according to the diver&s;ity of the Di&s;ea&s;e. Thirdly, If any other Di&s;ea&s;e, as Fluxes of the Belly, Vomit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> follow, let &s;uch Remedies be u&s;ed as are proper for them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. A very thin <HI>Diet</HI> is not to be pre&s;cribed to Women with Child in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, le&s;t the <HI>Foetus</HI> be defrauded of due nouri&s;hment; and yet we mu&s;t not pa&s;s to that which is very thick, le&s;t the Fever be increa&s;ed thereby: Therefore we mu&s;t keep a mean, and a thinner Diet is to be pre|&s;cribed in the fir&s;t months, and a thicker and &s;ome|what more plentiful in the la&s;t months, for the ne|ce&s;&s;ity of the <HI>Foetus.</HI> If we err any way, 'tis &s;afer to err in too full than in too &s;pare a Diet; for health is to be expected from the &s;trength of t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Mother and <HI>Foetus.</HI></P>
<P N="16">XVI. I have more than once ob&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rved, that the u&s;e of <HI>Butter</HI> has been hurtful to Women with Child,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P Borell. ob&s;. 26. cent. 3.</NOTE> as al&s;o to tho&s;e who are &s;ubj<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct to Fits of the Mother: wherefore I advi&s;e them to ab&s;tain from it.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Some di&s;approve of <HI>Exerci&s;e</HI> becau&s;e it h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ats, di&s;&s;olves the Spirits, rai&s;es a Fever, cau&s;es thir&s;t, and procures abortion by precipitating the <HI>Foetus.</HI> But the&s;e things are to be under&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">od of too much, or un&s;ea&s;onable Exerci&s;e; otherwi&s;e that which is moderate, di&s;cu&s;&s;es the Excrements that are collected by idlene&s;s; relieves the Facul|ties that are oppre&s;&s;ed by the plenty of retained &s;uperfluities; diffu&s;es the Blood and Spirits to the Members, whereby the whole Body becomes vigorous. But let it be omitted in the fir&s;t month, becau&s;e the <HI>Foetus</HI> is then contained but by we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">k bands: In the &s;econd let it be &s;eldom and &s;low: In the third more brisk: In the fifth, &s;ixth, and beginning of the &s;eventh more frequent: In the later end of the &s;eventh, the eighth, and to the middle of the ninth abate of it. Whether it may be granted when her full time is at hand, &s;ee the Title <HI>Partus.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Women with Child that labour of a <HI>Pica</HI> or depraved Appetite, are not to have the &s;ame things pre&s;cribed them which are convenient for others; for neither Purgers, nor other Me|dicins that ab&s;terge violently are to be u&s;ed, for fear of mi&s;carriage. For &s;eeing this &s;ymptom happens chiefly in the fir&s;t months, it follows that we mu&s;t proceed warily, e&s;pecially &s;eeing <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> forbids purging about that time: And in the fourth month, about which time it would be &s;afer to u&s;e Medicins, the Malady cea&s;es of its own
<PB N="514" REF="229"> accord, the Matter being either &s;pent by frequent Vomitings, or much alter'd by the concoctive fa|cul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y, (&s;eeing &s;uch Women eat little becau&s;e of the loathing that is joined with it) the &s;tronger at|traction of the <HI>Foetus</HI> helping, which through its growth draws and &s;pends much Blood at that time. Therefore this Malady is no otherwi&s;e to be re|medied but by a convenient Diet, ordered for at|temperating of the offending Matter, by a &s;light ab&s;ter&s;ion, and gentle provocation to Vomit, namely, if Nature incline that way, not neglecting tho&s;e things which may &s;erve to &s;trengthen the Sto|mach inwardly and outwardly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. probl. 6. dec. 19.</NOTE> &para; The <HI>Pica</HI> of Women with Child admits of neither Purging nor Vomiting, but only requires tho&s;e things that Cor|roborate: the chief of which are the Water or Salt of Cinamon, and of Orange or Citron rinds, with the magi&s;tery of Corals and Perls. If the thing they long for cannot be got,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartm. prax. Chy|miatr. c. 133.</NOTE> that the <HI>Foetus</HI> may &s;uffer no prejudice, pre&s;ently give her to drink &s;ome of the Water of white Vine or Briony.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. The Vomiting of corrupted Meat and of other Humours cannot hinder Bleeding,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Johan. Ray|mund. Fort. con&s;ult. 60. centur. 4.</NOTE> &s;eeing it &s;elf is the Remedy of Vomiting. See before, <HI>Sect.</HI> IV.</P>
<P N="20">XX. If <HI>Nau&s;ea</HI> and Vomiting be very urgent, and be very afflictive to Women with Child, &s;o that there be fear le&s;t &s;ome greater mi&s;chief &s;uper|ven<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>Opiats</HI> and <HI>Narcoticks</HI> may be u&s;ed, as both tempering the acrimony of the Humours, and al&s;o bridling their vitious Efferve&s;cence, likewi&s;e dul|ling all &s;en&s;e, and &s;o powerfully re&s;training and &s;taying over great and trouble&s;om Vomiting; and by the help of the&s;e they are reduced to a conve|nient tranquillity, and their Stomach and &s;mall Gut are &s;trengthned; by which means both other altering Remedies, and al&s;o even Aliments them|&s;elves may be taken with the better &s;ucce&s;s: For indeed all the&s;e things are taken in vain while a violent loathing and vomiting continue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe Prax. l. 3. c. 6.</NOTE> which is to be wholly allayed before either Aliments or gently altering Medicins can be retained.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t act cautiou&s;ly and with premedi|tation in &s;topping of <HI>Vomiting;</HI> for we mu&s;t not do that unle&s;s in ca&s;e of evident nece&s;&s;ity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con&s;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. If a <HI>Flux of Blood</HI> happen to a Woman with Child that is ha&s;tening to the time of her Tra|vail, by which &s;he is much enfeebled, the mouth of the Womb is to be clo&s;ed without delay, le&s;t the ambient Air draw forth a greater quantity of Blood; and the Spirits that are &s;pent are to be recruited, that &s;he may be able to bear the pains of her Travail. Now her Travail is not to be promoted either by things taken in at the mouth, or by Cly&s;ters; for by the&s;e the flux of Blood would be increa&s;ed: but 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to pull forth the <HI>Foetus</HI> by force, putting your hand up into the Womb. The weakne&s;s of the neck of the Womb who&s;e Ligaments are relaxed, favour this operation; &s;o that the mouth thereof gapes as if often pains had preceded. Unle&s;s the Waters break forth of their own accord, the Membranes that contain the <HI>Foetus</HI> are to be gently bur&s;t by your Hand, and the <HI>Foetus</HI> being caught by the Legs mu&s;t be pulled out. For in this ca&s;e we mu&s;t pro|ceed no otherwi&s;e than if &s;ome Hou&s;e were on fire, in which ca&s;e we break open the Doors if they be &s;hut. There is only this way of &s;afety both to the Woman and her Burthen,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ob&s;tetrix Gallic. in ob&s;.</NOTE> and the omi&s;&s;ion of it hath been de&s;tructive to many.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> thirty years old, in the beginning of her ninth Month received a &s;light blow on her Belly, and the next day moving her Arms &s;trongly in making a Bed, there began a &s;mall flux of Blood from her Womb, which continued for two or three days, but cea&s;ed betwixt whiles: But on the twelfth day after, there flow'd out &s;o great plenty of Blood, that in three or four hours time &s;he was brought very low. Fir&s;t Bleeding her in her Arm, a&s;tringent Cly&s;ters were order'd her, but the Flux continuing, and the Patient perceiving no motion of the <HI>Foetus,</HI> whence we thought it was dead, and that the Womb endeavouring to free it &s;elf of an unprofitable Burthen, contracted it &s;elf continually and expelled the Blood, but yet that it did not perform that motion &s;o &s;trongly as was nece&s;&s;ary for the Birth, we judg'd it nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e all art for provoking the Birth, that the im|moderate profu&s;ion of Blood might be &s;tanched, which otherwi&s;e was like to bring the poor Woman to her end. Wherefore a Cly&s;ter was ordered of the Emollient decoction with <HI>Catholi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">on</HI> and <HI>Dia|phoenicon</HI> of each &s;ix drachms, of the Oil of Lilies three ounces, with a drachm of Salt, with which &s;he was well purged, and pre&s;ently after &s;he had parted with it, the Flux of Blood was much le&s;|&s;ened; which may &s;eem &s;trange, &s;eeing &s;uch Cly|&s;ters are likelier to increa&s;e the Flux: But I think this happened from hence, that the Womb was pre&s;&s;ed by Excrements contained in the &s;treight Gut, from which oppre&s;&s;ion &s;o &s;oon as it was freed, it begun to collect it &s;elf, and to re&s;train that pre|po&s;terous motion, that it might betake it &s;elf to a more natural. But &s;eeing after the Cly&s;ter was parted with, the Womb attempted nothing, but the Efflux of Blood &s;till continued, and it was evident the <HI>Foetus</HI> was dead, to exclude it there was given a drachm of the &s;alt of Vitriol in four ounces of Buglo&s;s Water, which &s;eemed proper in two re&s;pects, Fir&s;t, Becau&s;e by rai&s;ing a Vomit the Womb was al&s;o irritated to exclu&s;ion, becau&s;e in Vomiting all the parts of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> do vio|lently contract them&s;elves: Secondly, Becau&s;e the &s;alt of Vitriol is endued with a very great a&s;trin|gent vertue, whereby it may conduce to the &s;tanching of Blood. She Vomited twice pretty &s;orely, and ca&s;t up much Bilious, Phlegmatick, and Serous Stuff, and a little after her Travailing Pains came on, which having continued for four or five hours, this Potion was given to further the Birth: <HI>Take of Dittany of</HI> Crete, <HI>both Birthworts, and the Troches of Myrrhe, of each half a &s;cruple, of Saffron and Cinamon of each twelve grains, of</HI> Confectio Alkermes <HI>half a drachm, of Cinamon Water half an ounce, of Orange Flower Water and Mugwort Water of each an ounce and half.</HI> Upon the taking of this within a quarter of an hour with very &s;trong and twice or thrice repeated &s;trainings &s;he excluded the <HI>Foetus,</HI> who&s;e Skin beginning to putrefy &s;eem'd torn in divers places. A little while after &s;he excluded the Secundines al&s;o half-rotten, her <HI>Lochia</HI> flowing moderately after that.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv. cent. 3. ob&s;. 24.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. There is great difficulty about the u&s;e of <HI>A&s;tringents,</HI> and on that account the Cure is very difficult: for if we retain the Blood by things that a&s;tringe, then we run into more cruel &s;ym|ptoms, becau&s;e the clodded Blood being retained, breeds &s;ix hundred times more grievous &s;ymptoms, according to 6. <HI>aph.</HI> 20. For as much as Blood in the Ve&s;&s;els is friendly to Nature, &s;o much injurious does it become afterwards when extrava&s;ated, for it becomes like Poi&s;on. How mu&s;t we proceed therefore? I an&s;wer, That all Internal Remedies ought to be a&s;tringent, and the External, e&s;pecially about the region of the Belly and Womb, by no means a&s;tringent; for by that means they &s;hould be de&s;troyed langui&s;hing, e&s;pecially, when they void clodded Blood:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinand. hi&s;t. 3.</NOTE> yet A&s;tringents may be ap|plied to the Reins.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="515" REF="229">
<HEAD><HI>Pruritus,</HI> or Itching.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A &s;tubborn Itching cured by I&s;&s;ues. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;cabby one cured by Scarification. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MR. <HI>N.</HI> having been ill for &s;ome months of a Sciatick pain, and a trouble&s;om or rather painful itching almo&s;t all over his Body, and could hardly go any longer leaning on a Staff; I advi&s;ed him to empty his Body of bad Humours, (for he was very Cacochymical) and to free his <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> from ob&s;tructions. But he being aver&s;e from Phy&s;ick, I made two I&s;&s;ues, one in the left Arm and another in the right Ham, by the benefit whereof the Sciatick pain, and al&s;o that very trouble&s;om itching remitted by degrees: And the acrimonious, &s;alt, and naughty Humour, the im|mediate cau&s;e of each Di&s;temper, being by the help of Nature plentifully di&s;charged by the I&s;&s;ues, it cau&s;ed for &s;ome months pains in the Hams by twitching the Nervous parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. cent. 4. ob&s;. 75.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. An old Nun being almo&s;t for two years trou|bled with a &s;cabby itching of her Hands, which &s;he u&s;ed almo&s;t to tear in pieces with &s;cratching, when it could be allayed by neither Internal nor Exter|nal Medicins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. med. eff. p. 76.</NOTE> I cured it by making frequent Sca|rifications.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Puerperarum affectus,</HI> or the Di&s;ea&s;es of Childbed Women.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When <HI>Vene&s;ection</HI> is to be u&s;ed. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The manner of Purgation in their Acute Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cooling <HI>Alteratives</HI> are nece&s;&s;ary when they fall into a Fever. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The allaying of the <HI>After-pains</HI> by giving the Pouder of the Secundine. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the pains ari&s;e from Wind how they may be al|layed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They have cea&s;ed by a cold draught. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eggs</HI> are hurtful. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine is to be denied. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If they be co&s;tive how they are to be loo&s;ened. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep is not to be granted pre&s;ently after delivery. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the <HI>Fevers of Childbed Women</HI> &s;ee Book <HI>6.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>After-pains</HI> ought to be allayed. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They cannot be cured unle&s;s the cau&s;e be known. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AUthors di&s;agree much about Vene&s;ection in the Acute Di&s;ea&s;es of Childbed Wo|men; there are &s;carce two to be found that agree in the &s;ame opinion: Omitting Circumlocutions I &s;hall in the following Theorems propound here that opinion which comes nearer the mind of the wi&s;er Phy&s;icians, and &s;ucceeds the more happily in practice. An Acute Di&s;ea&s;e invades a Childbed Woman either in the beginning, or in the middle, or in the end of her lying in. If it happen in the <HI>beginning,</HI> and the Woman be plentifully purged, no other Evacuation of Blood is to be attempted than that which is directed by Nature working rightly and conveniently: But if her Purgations be &s;uppre&s;t or dimini&s;hed, let the lower Veins be opened, and let Blood freely, becau&s;e then the Evacuation ought to be large according to the pre|&s;cript of Nature. If an Acute Di&s;ea&s;e happen in the <HI>middle time,</HI> two things are to be con&s;idered; One, whether the Morbifick Matter be contained and rivetted in one particular part, or be di&s;|per&s;ed through the Vein<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">; the other, whether the Woman have had &s;ufficient Purgation, or no. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be cau&s;ed by a di&s;per&s;ed Matter, as in Fevers, and the Woman be not perf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ctly clean&s;|ed, the lower Veins are to be opened, becau&s;e both the Morbifick Matter will be le&s;&s;ened, and the natural Flux provoked: But if &s;he be &s;uffi|ciently purged, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be &s;trong, and the natural Evacuation be not &s;ufficient for the Di&s;ea&s;e, the lower Veins are likewi&s;e to be opened in this ca&s;e, and &s;o much Blood is to be taken as may make both Evacuations amount to as much as the Di&s;ea&s;e requires, as <HI>Galen</HI> teacheth 9. <HI>meth.</HI> 5. If the Fe|ver be very high, and there be a great burning, let that be done which we &s;hall by and by advi&s;e to be done in a Di&s;ea&s;e from Matter fixed and putre|fying in &s;ome particular place. In a particular Acute Di&s;ea&s;e, as a Pleuri&s;y, Peripneumony, Quin&s;y, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we mu&s;t note whether the Fluxion be only a beginning, &s;o that the Di&s;ea&s;e is only im|minent or beginning, and but a very &s;mall quantity of Blood is as yet collected in the part: For then the lower Veins are to be opened, that Revul&s;ion being made to the mo&s;t di&s;tant oppo&s;ite parts, that prepo&s;terous motion of the Humours may be re|&s;trained: But if the Fluxion be already made, and the Inflammation bred in a great part, and the In|flammation be very high, whether the Woman be &s;ufficiently clean&s;ed or no, the upper Veins are pre&s;ently to be opened on the &s;ame &s;ide with the part affected, becau&s;e &s;uch Evacuation draws Blood out from the &s;aid part: But if the lower Veins &s;hould be opened, which are neither near to the part affected, nor can draw from it, both the Fa|culty will be injured by the Evacuation, and the Matter that is fixed in a particular part will not be dimini&s;hed: And &s;o you &s;hall either draw forth almo&s;t all the Blood to revel the Morbifick Matter from the part affected; or the Woman &s;hall be kil|led by the Di&s;ea&s;e, before &s;ufficient Revul&s;ion be made. Nor mu&s;t we fear le&s;t by letting Blood in the upper Veins the Blood &s;hould be drawn back from the Womb, becau&s;e in tho&s;e ca&s;es the upper parts abound with Blood: and though much be evacuated, yet the Veins are not &s;o emptied as to be compelled to attract new Blood from &s;ome other place. Yet for the greater caution it will not be unprofitable before Blood be let, to make Frictions in the Thighs, and then to make painful Ligatures in their middle, which mu&s;t be kept tied till Blood be let, and loo&s;ed a little while after: and after that apply Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es to the &s;ame parts, or at lea&s;t repeat the Frictions: hereby we may procure an Evacuation of the offending Matter, and a Con&s;ervation of the Natural Flux. The &s;ame is to be done in burning and violent Fevers, becau&s;e though the Matter be di&s;per&s;ed, yet the burning is only about the Heart and <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> &s;o that it can|not be extingui&s;hed &s;o well by the opening of a &s;mall and remote Vein, as of a near and large one, &s;uch as the <HI>Ba&s;ilica</HI> of the Arm is. This method of Cure is not only fitted to Childbed Women, but may be adapted al&s;o to other Women taken with an Acute Di&s;ea&s;e, and having their monthly Purgations. If the Di&s;ea&s;e happen in <HI>the end of Childbed,</HI> the &s;ame is to be done as in the middle, the &s;ame Conditions being ob&s;erved: this being noted, that the more the Woman is di&s;tant from the beginning, the &s;afelier may the upper Veins be opened: but the nearer &s;he is thereto, even in the middle time, we mu&s;t do it with the greater pre|meditation; and if the Di&s;ea&s;e be not urgent, and her Natural Purgation be plentiful, let us ab&s;tain wholly: But if the Purgation be too little,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laz. River: lib. 15. c. 24. ex Petr. Sal. Diver&s;. de affect. part. c. 23.</NOTE> we ought to open the lower Veins to make up the due quantity: And if the contrary &s;hall happen, let that be ob&s;erved which we &s;aid was to be done in an urgent Acute Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="516" REF="230">II. The u&s;e of <HI>Purgation</HI> in Childbed Women taken wi h an Acute Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hall be concluded in the fo lowing Theorems. While the <HI>Lochia</HI> flow naturally, Purgation is never to be admini&s;tred, for there is danger le&s;t Nature &s;hould be diverted from her work: But if her Natural Purgations be|come preternatural and di&s;orderly, we mu&s;t con|&s;ider whether they offend in quality or quantity. If they offend in <HI>quantity,</HI> and that too little, and the Wom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n be either not at all, or not &s;ufficiently purged; after that all Remedies that are proper for promoting this &s;ort of Purgations have been u&s;ed in vain, and the Morbifick Matter appear concocted, eight, ten, or twelve days being pa&s;t from her delivery, according to the greater or le&s;&s;er urgency of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;he may be purged wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h &s;ome gentle Medicin, wholly ab&s;taining from the more violent. I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the <HI>Lochia</HI> offend in quality, &s;o that the Fluxion look white, or be of &s;ome other preternatural colour, the Matter being con|cocted, Purgation &s;hall be admini&s;tred &s;afely to|wards the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">later end o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> their lying in. But this is always to be ob&s;erved in general, the longer the Ch ldbed Woman is di&s;tant from the day of her delivery, the &s;afelier may a Purge be admini&s;tred; and on the contrary. For Experience has taught, that Women who have their Purgations &s;uppre&s;t, if after the &s;eventh or ninth day they fall into a loo&s;ne&s;s, are generally recovered: But if a <HI>Di|arrhoea</HI> happen on the fir&s;t days, <HI>viz.</HI> the fir&s;t, &s;e|cond,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> or fourth, they generally dye.</P>
<P N="3">III. In a Fever following the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> let cooling <HI>Alteratives</HI> be given&punc; let Wo|men pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tle what they will; which yet mu&s;t neither be acid nor a&s;tringent: The Whey of A&s;&s;es Milk, the Juice of Endive or Succory Clarified,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, tract. de morb. mul. p. m. 106.</NOTE> the di|&s;tilled Waters of Endive, Succory, Borage, Mai|den-hair.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Rondelelius</HI> taught, that the Pouder of the dried Secundine being drunk in a convenient Li|quor did pre&s;ently allay the <HI>After-pains:</HI> And becau&s;e Brutes u&s;e to devour it, they are therefore free from tho&s;e pains, as he knew by Experience in his l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Bitch, from which having taken away the Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">undine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">erus. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">om. 2. p. m. 524.</NOTE> he &s;aid, he ob&s;erved that the&s;e pains did al&s;o &s;upervene.</P>
<P N="5">V. A certain Childbed Woman expo&s;ing h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r &s;elf to the Winds and Air too un&s;ea&s;onably, f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ll into <HI>intolerable pains,</HI> and could not be recovered: At length there came an old Midwife, who called f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r three Nutmegs gro&s;ly brui&s;ed; then &s;he &s;et an Eart<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">en Pot under the &s;ick Woman with live-Coals in it, and pre&s;ently &s;prinkled the Pouder of the N<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gs thereon, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ling the Woman &s;o place the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">or t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">at was &s;et under her, that &s;he might re|ceive into her Womb the &s;moak or nidour of the Pouder through a Funnel who&s;e &s;traiter end was to reach to the Genital parts: At the &s;ame moment of time &s;he al&s;o received the &s;ame &s;m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ak in at her No&s;e and Mouth from another Pot; which having penetrated, the Woman pre&s;ently cries out, I mu&s;t needs go to Stool: which &s;he had hardly &s;poken, but there was heard &s;uch a h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">zzing, as when Gun-Poud r contained in &s;ome narrow Ca&s;e or Squib is &s;et on <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ir<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">: which Wind having thus bur&s;t forth, forthwith in the v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ry moment the Woman was freed from her pain. Being thus informed by Ex|perience I have &s;ometimes &s;ince then in the like ca&s;e found the &s;ame Remedy profitable and bene|ficial.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ander, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. con&s;. 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. &s;ect. 29.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. My dear Wife, <HI>Johanna Spanhemia,</HI> be|ing always cruelly griped after her delivery, which Gripes no art could allay, although all things which u&s;e to be propounded were tried; at length in the month of <HI>May</HI> 1675. being happily brought to B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d of a Boy, and but ju&s;t laid down in her Bed, being very thir&s;ty after the pains of her Tra|vail, &s;he extor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed from her Nur&s;e a draught o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> very <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">old P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n, wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n her Gripes were ju&s;t a coming, which were wholly repre&s;&s;ed by this Re|medy without any prejudice. I had lately the opportunity to try the &s;ame, with good &s;ucce&s;s, in a Cholerick Woman, the Wife of a Clock-maker who&s;e name was <HI>Morellus,</HI> her Purgations flowing very well afterward. Whether was the Orga&s;m of the Blood by this means appea&s;ed; which was making an ha&s;ty exit, and di&s;tending the Ve&s;&s;el<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, being turgent in them, or irr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tating them by its acrimony? Such a Drink may be very pro|fitable in the Cholerick, by tempering the heat of the Blood.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Tho&s;e do ami&s;s who give Child-bed Wo|men potch'd Eggs betimes in the morning and be|fore Meals; for &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (1. <HI>de morb. mul. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>ver&s;.</HI> 156.) approves of them when the Purgations flow immoderately, it is an evident argument that they have a vertue to &s;top them, &s;o that by their u&s;e the Purgations may be &s;topt when they flow as they &s;hould do, than which nothing can be imagined more hurtful.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martianus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Old and racy <HI>Wine</HI> is not &s;afe for Child|bed Women at the beginning, becau&s;e the Pains of Travail are follow'd by a great Perturbation of the Humours in the Body, which might be car|ried up into the Head by the drinking of Wine: 'Tis al&s;o &s;u&s;pected le&s;t &s;ome harm might accrew from it to the parts which belong to the Womb, or are adjoining, from whence an inward Inflamma|tion might ari&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. From the weakne&s;s of the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> (which contribute much to the expul|&s;ion of the Excrements) Childbed Women are very &s;ubject to be <HI>Co&s;tive;</HI> and not only from their continual keeping their Bed, as is vulgarly &s;up|po&s;ed. For from the preceding Travail the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> are as yet weak: In which ca&s;e Loo&s;eners are given in vain, from the too great u&s;e whereof the Coats of the Stomach become too &s;lippery, whence concoction is injur'd. Some|thing o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Turpentine, or Aloes or Rhubarb are more convenient for the&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer. Herc. med. l. 3. c. 5.</NOTE> which both &s;timulate the Belly, and have a friendly &s;typticity.</P>
<P N="10">X. Cautious Women that attend upon Women in Travail, will not permit them to &s;leep pre&s;ently after they are deliver'd, le&s;t whil&s;t they &s;leep, too much Blood &s;hould flow out without notice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, l. 7. c. 5.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Tho&s;e Phy&s;icians are deceived that follow|ing the Opinion of &s;ome Women, think that Wo|mens <HI>After-pains</HI> are therefore profitable, becau&s;e the flowing of the <HI>Lochia</HI> is promoted thereby; the contrary whereto often happens, &s;eeing &s;ome|times they do not flow, though the&s;e pains be ne|ver &s;o violent. Add hereto that many Women have no &s;uch pains, and yet neverthele&s;s their <HI>Lo|chia</HI> flow, and that indeed far better than when tho&s;e pains are urgent.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e are likewi&s;e deceived that follow Women in an Opinion, that the&s;e pains do &s;eldom or ne|ver follow upon a Womans delivery of her fir&s;t Child, but only upon the &s;econd; and that they become greater and greater every time a Woman lies in. For daily Experience &s;hews the fal&s;ity hereof, at lea&s;t in the&s;e Countreys, where yet many are po&s;&s;e&s;t with this opinion, which is not only erroneou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, but al&s;o hurtful, e&s;pecially the former, becau&s;e by this means the Cure of the&s;e pains is neglected and hindred by many e&s;teeming them to be profitable, though the neglect of them have &s;o often been the cau&s;e of death to many Childbed Women.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. prax. l. 3. c 9. &s;ect. 2, &amp; 4.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Wherefore it is of concern to know the true cau&s;e of the &s;aid Pains. Seeing they follow upon the delivery, the mo&s;t frequent cau&s;e thereof is de&s;ervedly to be derived from tho&s;e things which u&s;e to happen to Child-bearing Women in he time of their Travail. Now there are two things which are the mo&s;t ob&s;ervable, <HI>the exclu&s;ion of the</HI> Foetus, and <HI>the &s;eparating of the Secundines
<PB N="517" REF="230"> from the Womb;</HI> and their <HI>exit</HI> out of it. In the exclu&s;ion of the <HI>Foetus,</HI> that is, in the very deli|very, 'tis &s;ufficiently known that pains are cau&s;ed, but &s;uch as grow le&s;s afterwards and vani&s;h by little and little. But the After-pains we are &s;peaking of are quite of another nature, beginning a ter the delivery is over. As to the <HI>&s;eparation of the Se|cundines from the Womb,</HI> as al&s;o their <HI>exit</HI> out of it, Women are &s;ometimes wont to be pained anew thereby, becau&s;e they are often knit pretty &s;traitly and firmly to the Womb, and grow &s;o to it, that they can hardly or not at all be &s;eparated there|from without the tearing either of <HI>them&s;elves</HI> or of the <HI>Womb.</HI> Now none is ignorant how acute pains are felt in excoriated and torn parts, e&s;pecially as oft as any Liquor, and chiefly that which is acri|monious and biting, approaches them: Whence it is no wonder if after the &s;trait connexion of the Secundines with the Womb, and the violent pul|ling off of the &s;ame, and &s;o Excoriation of the Womb, and the afflux and efflux of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> great pains be cau&s;ed there. But it is to be noted that tho&s;e pains chiefly afflict Women both that are delicate and of an exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e, and have their Secundines al&s;o &s;traitly knit to the Womb, not to be &s;eparated therefrom without violence. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve moreover, if the Cure of the&s;e pains be neglected, that every time a Woman is brought to Bed they are &s;orer and &s;orer; which perhaps has given ri&s;e to that Erroneous Opinion concern|ing the&s;e Pains, which was mention'd above. La&s;tly we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that Women with Child do either ha&s;ten, or are ha&s;tened too much to their deli|very; &s;o that before the <HI>Foetus</HI> is come to its full maturity, and the Secundines prepared for an ea&s;ie &s;eparation from the Womb, the Birth is pre|cipitated, whence both the <HI>Foetus</HI> is expelled with difficulty, and the Secundines &s;eparate from the Womb, and pa&s;s out of it with the like difficulty. Add hereto, that in the&s;e Countreys many Wo|men with Child do too much indulge them&s;elves in the u&s;e of Aliments that are of too thick and glutinous a &s;ub&s;tance, from which alike Blood being produced knits the Secundines &s;traiter to the Womb; whence &s;eeing the Blood grows more and more glutinous, 'tis no wonder that the Se|cundines &s;hould &s;tick clo&s;er to the Womb every Labour than other. Therefore the primary cau&s;e of the pains after delivery, is the too &s;trait con|nexion of the Secundines to the Womb, and thence the tearing of them from the Womb, and &s;o the Excoriation of the Womb: But a &s;econd cau&s;e, and which joins it &s;elf to the former, is the Blood of the <HI>Lochia</HI> flowing through the torn and excoriated parts of the Womb, and biting and gnawing of them. And though all Blood, whil&s;t it moi&s;tens the excoriated and torn parts of the Womb, cau&s;es pain in them; yet the &s;ame pain is not a little increa&s;ed when the Blood is more acrimonious than u&s;ual from any cau&s;e, ei|ther through an acrimonious <HI>&s;erum</HI> mixt with it, becoming &s;o by the Bloods &s;tagnating every where, and therefore al&s;o in the Ve&s;&s;els and Sinous Caverns of the Womb. Other cau&s;es may al&s;o contribute, as cold taken in the time of Labour, which &s;tops the <HI>Lochia</HI> in part or wholly; whence the &s;ame Blood being made more acrimonious by its &s;tay, cau&s;es a pain in the Womb, whether there &s;ucceed an Inflammation, or only the <HI>Serum</HI> flow forth, and that little and &s;harp, biting and gnawing vio|lently the inner parts of the Womb. Cruel pains are likewi&s;e cau&s;ed by <HI>Flatus,</HI> di&s;tending both the Womb it &s;elf, and al&s;o the thick Guts that border upon it. Moreover as a Fever is oft rai&s;ed from violent pains in the Womb indi&s;po&s;ed through hard Labour, or by an Inflammation thereof; &s;o every Fever produces pains in the Womb, that is, when it is fir&s;t indi&s;po&s;ed; the which we &s;ee to happen in any other part.</P>
<P>The Phy&s;ician may gue&s;s at the true cau&s;es of <HI>After-pains</HI> (be&s;ides other things) from the <HI>man|ner of the pain;</HI> for if they be <HI>rending,</HI> and re|turn and afflict more grievou&s;ly by Intervals, he &s;hall judge them to ari&s;e from <HI>acidity</HI> and <HI>&s;altne&s;s</HI> abounding in the Blood and carried to the Womb: If they be <HI>beating</HI> and <HI>burning,</HI> he &s;h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> l &s;uppo&s;e that the Blood &s;tays and &s;tagnates in the Womb, and that it inclines to an Inflammation, or is al|ready inflamed: If they be <HI>di&s;tending,</HI> and the lower part of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> &s;hall be ob&s;erved to be &s;tretched, he &s;hall gue&s;s that the pains are pro|duced from Wind. So when the <HI>Lochia</HI> have been before the pains, 'tis probable that the&s;e &s;pring from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of tho&s;e, at lea&s;t partly: When they flow too plentifully, he &s;hall gue&s;s that the Ve&s;&s;els or large Orifices of the Womb are torn, e&s;pecially if the Secundines were &s;eparated therefrom with difficulty. If the Belly be bound and there be rumblings in it, &s;u&s;pect <HI>Flatus:</HI> When it is loo&s;e, and e&s;pecially when the Patient has many Stools with griping, tis probable the Pains have their ri&s;e from Acrimonious Humours that are carried not only to the Guts, but al&s;o to the Womb, as al&s;o if the privity be withal eroded and excoriated.</P>
<P>Wherefore as oft as the After-pains have their ri&s;e from the tearing and excoriation of the Womb through the violent expul&s;ion of the Secundines, &s;o often are &s;uch Medicins to be u&s;ed as lenify, and con&s;olidate the Excoriation, for which pur|po&s;e all that are called <HI>Vulneraries</HI> are de&s;ervedly commanded, among&s;t which when there is withal an over large flux of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> tho&s;e that are &s;omewhat a&s;tringent are to be cho&s;en; to which both Anodynes and Narcoticks will be profitably joined, by the help whereof the vertue of the foregoing is not a little increa&s;ed, and the pain allayed. If the Blood of the <HI>Lochia</HI> be more <HI>&s;e|rous</HI> and <HI>&s;harp,</HI> let it be tempered with Anodynes which are to be u&s;ed chiefly in the form of Emul|&s;ions, adding &s;ometimes <HI>Opium,</HI> or <HI>Laudanum Opiate;</HI> after which, if the &s;trength can bear it, give a gentle Hydragogue, and after that a Sudo|rifick made of &s;uch things as a&s;tringe gently, as Avens, Tormentil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> When the &s;ame Blood is rendred more acrimonious by its &s;tay, then, be|cau&s;e the <HI>acrimony</HI> which is then produc'd is <HI>acid,</HI> things that temper the &s;aid acrimony are to be u&s;ed, but &s;o as that they increa&s;e not the afflux of Blood, whence among&s;t <HI>aromata</HI> or Spices tho&s;e are to be cho&s;en which are lea&s;t acrimonious, but are mo&s;t kindly, and withal gently binding. If the <HI>Lochia</HI> be <HI>&s;uppre&s;t</HI> from taking <HI>cold,</HI> and the fore&s;aid pains proceed from hence, tho&s;e Medicins are to be u&s;ed which cure the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia:</HI> If notwith&s;tanding that the <HI>Lochia</HI> flow, yet the&s;e pains be produced, then Sudor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ficks will be pro|fitable, &s;uch as are not very Aromatick nor much a&s;tringent, le&s;t the Flux be either increa&s;ed too much, or &s;topt, adding Opiats that ea&s;e the pain and increa&s;e the vertue of the Sudorificks: If an Inflammation of the Womb be begun from a &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> it is to be cured by both inward and outward Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Puerperia,</HI> or Womens Childbed Purga|tions.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The <HI>Secundines</HI> (or After-birth) are expelled by Sneezing. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong Frictions of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> do h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be &s;afe to Vomit. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<PB REF="231">
<ITEM>When to cut <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">e Navel-String. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to bs drawn forth warily. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Suppuration of them be to be promoted and expected. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis better to extract them by the Hand, than to expel them by Medicins. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They have been expelled by the application of A&s;trin|gents to the Belly. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What is to be done when they are retained, and the <HI>Lochia</HI> flow immoderately. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Though a piece of the <HI>Placenta</HI> &s;tay behind, there is not always danger of Life. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A piece excluded by the help of a decoction. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Secundine brought out by a decoction of Chervil. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep is to be kept off when the <HI>Lochia</HI> flow immo|derately. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are retained, what Vein is to be opened. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are <HI>&s;uppre&s;t,</HI> they are to be moved diver&s;ly according to the diver&s;ity of the Cau&s;es. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Flux is too great, how it is to be &s;tayed. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of them cured by bleeding in the Arm. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame quantity of the Evacuation is not to be ex|pected in all. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If they flow plentifully in the Birth, it is not to be endeavoured that they &s;hould be kept flowing long. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to recall them when they are &s;uppre&s;t by taking cold in Travail. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. AMong&s;t External Remedies expelling the <HI>Secundines, Hippocrates</HI> gives the chief place to <HI>Sternutatories, l.</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 2 and <HI>aph.</HI> 5. 49. <HI>Galen</HI> gives the rea&s;on <HI>aph.</HI> 5. 35. that by their vehement &s;haking and toffing they partly ex|cite Nature, and partly &s;hake off &s;uch things as clo&s;ely adhere to the parts of the Body: Namely when the Brain is violently moved, all the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are &s;haken as well as it, and the Mu&s;cles of the Belly are contracted, which contribute notably both to the expul&s;ion of the <HI>Foetus,</HI> and al&s;o of the Secundines. Yet here is need of caution; let Medicins precede that are taken by the Mouth, as <HI>Heurnius</HI> advi&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Barth. cent. 5. ob&s;. 39.</NOTE> <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>Meth.</HI> and <HI>Actius</HI> bids us ab&s;tain from them if the Patient be weak. &para; My Wife from an outward violence mi&s;carried of an Embryo of &s;ix weeks, an Inch long, that had all its Members &s;haped, &s;o as that its Genitals and the Roots of the Hairs of the Head might be di&s;cerned, the Secundine &s;taying behind: The mouth of the Womb being &s;hut, did not admit the Midwifes Hand: Among&s;t other Remedies I blew up into her No&s;e the Pouder of the Flowers of the Lilies of the Valley; when &s;he was about to &s;neeze I pre&s;ently held her No&s;e and &s;hut her Mouth, and her Breath bur&s;ting forth violently, the Secundines were expelled, and &s;o my Wife was deliver'd from imminent danger of her Life.</P>
<P N="2">II. Tho&s;e offend who endeavour to bring down the Secundines by rude and &s;trong <HI>Frictions</HI> with their Hand: They only by this means excoriate the Skin and &s;o increa&s;e the Pains and Torments, whence there follow afterwards Watchings, Fe|vers, and other evils. Let it &s;uffice to lay the Hand only &s;trongly upon the Belly, e&s;pecially when the Woman feels pains about the <HI>Pecten</HI> or bottom of the Belly, as <HI>Rod. &agrave; Ca&s;tro</HI> advi&s;es, and &s;troak your Hands gently from the &s;ides towards the middle of her Belly, as it were with a trem|bling Friction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as <HI>Borge&s;ia</HI> admoni&s;hes, <HI>c.</HI> 14. <HI>ob&s;t. Gal.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>N. Myrep&s;us</HI> cau&s;es Vomiting with Soap, a raw Egg, and warm Water: <HI>Borge&s;ia, ob&s;t. c.</HI> 14. cau&s;es Vomiting by putting the Finger down the Throat. As for my &s;elf, I &s;u&s;pect whether Vo|miting be good, becau&s;e it hinders the endeavour or &s;training of the Childbed Woman, and pulls the Womb with the Stomach upward: Unle&s;s we think with <HI>Gordonius (p.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 17.) that the ex|pul&s;ive Faculties of the lower parts is excited thereby, which being &s;tirred up expels hurtful things: I add that the Secundines are &s;tirred thereby, and are then more ea&s;ily expelled out of the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. 'Tis doubtful whether or no we &s;hould &s;tay a good while before we cut the Navel-&s;tring in two: For on the one &s;ide there is fear of a violent re|tention of the Secundines from an un&s;ea&s;onable cutting of the Navel-&s;tring; and on the other, if it be too long deferred, the <HI>Foetus</HI> will be in dan|ger, or will become &s;ickly. I &s;ay, If the Wo|man be nothing benefited by the Remedies taken within twenty four hours &s;pace, the Navel-&s;tring ought to be cut, and we mu&s;t tie that part of it that &s;till is joined to the Secundines, to the Wo|mans Thigh very &s;trongly, le&s;t it retire to within the Cavity of the Womb. I deny not but an ha&s;ty cutting in two of the Navel-&s;tring is &s;ometimes ne|ce&s;&s;ary, namely when the Umbilical Ve&s;&s;els are filled with a clammy <HI>Mucus</HI> or Phlegm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. hi&s;t. l. 3. c. 19.</NOTE> becau&s;e the&s;e indicate the <HI>Foetus</HI> to be &s;ickly. &para; <HI>Rod. &agrave; Ca&s;tro, l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 7. defers not the cutting of the Navel-&s;tring above &s;ix hours. No nece&s;&s;ity com|pels us to &s;tay &s;o long, becau&s;e the Midwife taking hold of the Navel-&s;tring after it is cut, may better draw away the Secundines with her Hand, than the weight of the Child could do while the &s;tring was whole. For when the Navel-&s;tring is cut in two, both the Midwife may more conveniently &s;earch for the Secundines, and the <HI>Foetus</HI> it &s;elf is kept more &s;afely, and defended from External Injuries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol. ubi &s;upra.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In all <HI>extraction</HI> le&s;t &s;ome errour be commit|ted and we fail of our de&s;ire, the&s;e nece&s;&s;ary Cau|tions are to be noted: 1. We mu&s;t take care not to pull directly, le&s;t we bring forth the Womb al&s;o; but the Secundine is to be drawn this way and that way obliquely, and more and more &s;trongly by degrees. 2. We mu&s;t act with a gentle Hand, not with violence or on the &s;udden, for fear of Inflammation, le&s;t the Soul and the Se|cundine be drawn out together. Let that Child|bed Woman affright us, whom <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> &s;peaks of, <HI>l.</HI> 28. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 80. who when the too bold Midwife did ha&s;tily pull out the Secundine, the Woman falling into a &s;woon died pre&s;ently. 3. See that the month of the Bladder and the Membranes of the Womb be not hurt with your Nails.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Sometimes Nature u&s;es to help, who when the After-birth is left behind, expels it either pre|&s;ently whole, or afterwards when it is con&s;umed with putrefaction. On the third day it was eva|cuated by a Woman of <HI>Lari&s;&s;a,</HI> on the &s;ame hour of the night in which the Child had been born, 5. <HI>Epid. hi&s;t.</HI> 13. A certain Woman, as <HI>Riverius</HI> relates, <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 3. after ten weeks expelled by piecemeal the Secundine now parched. It is <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s opinion (1. <HI>de morb. mul.</HI>) that the Secundines do for the mo&s;t part putrefy, yet pa&s;s out on the &s;ixth or &s;eventh day, or al&s;o later. This Opinion is abetted by <HI>Actius, tetr.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 24. <HI>Aegineta l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 75. If the Secundine cannot be brought forth, we ought not to be di&s;turbed, for after a few days it will come out putrefied and di&s;|&s;olved into <HI>Sanies. Zecchius</HI> gives the &s;ame Coun|&s;el, <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 68. But &s;ometimes that hope is de|ceitful, and 'tis an uncertain Remedy to commit the bu&s;ine&s;s to Nature, when it comes not out pre|&s;ently after the <HI>Foetus:</HI> Delay is dangerous, nor can we promi&s;e to our &s;elves that every ones &s;trength will hold out, or a&s;&s;ure our &s;elves of the certainty of the de&s;ired &s;ucce&s;s. <HI>Mercatus, l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 4. <HI>Rondelotius, c.</HI> 65. advi&s;e it to be done wa|rily, and to in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ect betwixt whiles &s;uch things as de|terge. <HI>L. &agrave; Fonte, con&s;ult.</HI> 118. alledges daily
<PB N="519" REF="231"> Experience, that the retention of the Secundines does daily produce the mo&s;t grievous &s;ymptoms in Childbed Women, &s;o that the greate&s;t part of them die on the fourth day. Therefore it is dan|gerous to expect Suppuration, &s;eeing 'tis doubtful what Nature will be ab<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e to do, and the &s;ymptoms are uncertain. By what happens when but a piece of the Secundine is left behind, we may make a bad progno&s;tick of what will come to pa&s;s when none of it is brought forth; for Nature does not overcome even a piece without difficulty. There is oft no &s;uppuration, but death en&s;ues upon the retention.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid.</NOTE> &para; Great Caution is to be ob&s;erved in the u&s;e of Suppuraters, for the <HI>Secundine</HI> putre|fying cau&s;es very grievous &s;ymptoms, Fevers, and tho&s;e Malignant, whereupon death en&s;ues; and 'tis better to promote the Excretion thereof by all the means we can, than to expect Suppuration: for even therefore is the &s;taying of the Secundine dangerous, becau&s;e it putrefies and &s;uppurates. <HI>Salius</HI> relates that he &s;aw a Secundine expelled pu|trefied, and yet the Woman was no better; which was a &s;ign that there was a Putrefaction grown, that cea&s;ed not when the Secundine was expelled. But if there be no grievous &s;ymptom, and the Woman be weak,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de morb. mul. l. 4. c. 9.</NOTE> we mu&s;t expect Suppu|ration even whether we will or no; but we ought never to promote it, le&s;t Putrefaction increa&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It we make que&s;tion of the order of Re|medies, by a great con&s;ent of Authors, the <HI>Manual Operation</HI> recommends it &s;elf fir&s;t of all, next <HI>Me|dicins,</HI> and la&s;tly <HI>Suppuration. Fabr. Hildanus</HI> pre|fers Manual Operation before Medicins on a double account, 1. becau&s;e they ought to be deduced into act by the benefit of Nature, which being weakened by the preceding pains, before &s;he can acquire new &s;trength with time, the door of the Womb is &s;hut, and the Secundine putrefies, and by its Pu|trefaction infects and corrupts the adjacent parts, and dejects the &s;trength more and more: 2. be|cau&s;e mo&s;t expelling Medicins are hot, and do above mea&s;ure heat the inner parts, whence follow a Fever, inquietudes, watchings, and other &s;ym|ptoms, and for the mo&s;t part death it &s;elf. And the Operation (extraction) is to be ha&s;tened, if it be either Summer, or the Putrefaction acquire a Malignity; for the Women appear to be ready to dye when Putrid Vapours a&s;cend to the Vitals, Stomach and Brain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>D. Animaeus</HI> left for a Secret a Pla&s;ter to be applied to the Belly, of the white of an Egg and red Lead: which becau&s;e it binds much, may well be que&s;tion'd whether it do not rather detain the Secundines within. But becau&s;e it con&s;tringes the Mu&s;cles of the Belly, which through the exten|&s;ion of the Womb and the &s;training in Travail were before debilitated, 'tis therefore credible &s;uch a Pla&s;ter may help: for the&s;e Mu&s;cles being con|&s;tringed and contracted into them&s;elves, by pre&s;|&s;ing the Womb from above downwards they make it more apt to expel the Secundines: even as the action of the &s;ame Mu&s;cles is not a little nece&s;&s;ary for the expul&s;ion of the Excrements of the Belly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferus, l. 7. c. 5.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Seeing Medicins that expel the <HI>Secundines</HI> do al&s;o increa&s;e the Flux of the <HI>Lochia;</HI> hence Phy&s;icians are put into a quandary: wherefore <HI>Rondeletius, cap.</HI> 65. advi&s;es to give a drachm of <HI>Carabe,</HI> for it provokes Urine, expels the Secun|dines, and retains the flowing Blood: The &s;ame is confirmed by <HI>Platerus, pract. t.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 449.</P>
<P N="10">X. If all the <HI>Placenta</HI> be not extracted, it is in no wi&s;e deadly: and the place where it was pluckt off by force, does a while appear tumid, rough, and unequal, till all the Womb be drained again and reduced to its Natural Figure: all which things are to be diligently marked,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riol. Enchir. l. 2. c. 36.</NOTE> e&s;pecially in Childbed Women that are ill.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I have ob&s;erved the following Apozem taken to three ounces <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">wice or thrice a day, to pro|fit and recover the Patient when part of the <HI>Pla|centa</HI> has remained in the Womb after an Abortion, and has been accompanied with a continual Efflux of Blood for &s;ome months. <HI>Take of the Roots of Bi&s;tort two drachms, of the Leaves of Majoran, Penyroyal, of each an handful, boil them in Water and White Wine of each as much as is &s;ufficient for thirty ounces of &s;trained Liquor, to which add three ounces of the Syrup of Mugwort, and one ounce of Cinamon Water.</HI> I have &s;een a piece of the <HI>Pla|centa</HI> as big as ones Fi&s;t expelled by the help hereof, and the further Flux of the Blood was withal &s;up|pre&s;&s;ed and cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Joh. Th. Schenkius</HI> in his Botanick Lectures did once relate how a certain <HI>Counte&s;s</HI> had her <HI>Se|cundine</HI> &s;tay three weeks after her delivery, with|out any notable prejudice: And then by the per|&s;ua&s;ion of an old Woman &s;he took a decoction of Roman Chervil, and was &s;oon ca&s;ed of that bur|then. And indeed I hardly know any Herb of like availablene&s;s in hard Travail and the &s;toppage of the Secundine, as Chervil and the greater <HI>Semper|vivum</HI> (or Hou&s;e-leek:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Herm. com. mi&s;c. cur. ann 72. ob&s;. 117.</NOTE>) and I know that every one who makes trial thereof rightly, will &s;ay the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Concerning <HI>&s;leep</HI> we mu&s;t note, that it is wholly to be kept off when the <HI>Lochia</HI> flow very plentifully: for by it many lo&s;e their Lives, be|cau&s;e the heat being drawn inwards makes the Flux the greater: And if it be to be allowed at any time, &s;ome of tho&s;e who attend ought to be ever and anon ob&s;erving the Pul&s;e and Re&s;piration of the Patient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River Pract. l. 15. c. 21.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. After the Birth the capacity and thickne&s;s of the Womb are le&s;&s;ened by degrees by the ef|fu&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> which are nothing el&s;e but the expre&s;&s;ion of the Blood that is contained with|in the &s;pongy Membranes of the Womb. But if that amplitude be not le&s;&s;ened, nor the Blood evacuated, it will then putrefy and inflame; the Womb will remain extended and hard as if it con|tained the <HI>Foetus</HI> &s;till, and at length a deadly Gan|grene en&s;ues. Whether is this amplitude and hardne&s;s to be cured by Bleeding in the Arm, or in the Foot? <HI>Fernelius</HI> does boldly draw Blood out of the Arm; <HI>Pereda</HI> advi&s;es us to con&s;ider not whence the Blood flows, but into what part it hath flow'd, and bids us open the neare&s;t Vein. 'Tis more profitable and &s;ecure to let Blood largely in the Foot accordingly as the &s;trength can bear, not neglecting cooling Cly&s;ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. l. 2. c. 36.</NOTE> and other things that may irritate the Womb to excretion.</P>
<P N="15">XV. When the <HI>Lochia</HI> either flow not at all, or they come to be &s;uppre&s;t by &s;ome External cold, they &s;hall be cared by giving pre&s;ently Medicins that di&s;&s;olve Phlegm or Blood coagulated in the Orifice of the Womb; &s;uch as are all Aromaticks, and tho&s;e which are endued with a Volaril &s;alt, chiefly tho&s;e called Uterines, which are found to profit by long and manifold Experience: and if they be withal &s;udorifick, they will do more, and will the &s;ooner and better take away that difficult and dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e. But when through the defect of the Flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> a Fever is rai&s;ed, which u&s;es to be continual, and is often burning enough, we mu&s;t take diligent heed not to increa&s;e the Febrile heat by tho&s;e Aromaticks; and there|fore to the&s;e Potions Acids are to be added, di|&s;tilled Vinegar, the Spirit of Salt, of Vitrio, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For ob&s;erving this Temperament, we &s;atisfie both Indications, &s;eeing Acids are profitable for the Febrile heat, and the &s;ame as well as the Aroma|ticks are good for di&s;&s;olving the coagulated Phlegm; e&s;pecially when there are added Crabs Eyes, <HI>An|timon&punc; Diaphoret.</HI> and the like, which <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hen may di&s;&s;olve the Coagulated Blood al&s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. When the <HI>eruption</HI> of the <HI>Lochia is too large</HI> from the &s;urface of the Womb b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ing hurt by a violent pulling off of the Secundines, it &s;hall be
<PB N="520" REF="232"> cured by tho&s;e things which heal Excoriation; and re&s;train the Efflux of Blood: As for Example, <HI>Take of Plantain Water half a pound, of the An|tepileptick of</HI> Am&s;terdam, <HI>and di&s;tilled Vinegar, of each half an ounce, of</HI> Lapis haematires <HI>half a &s;cruple, of red Coral one &s;cruple, of</HI> Laudanum Opiate <HI>two grains, of the Syrup of Myrtles one ounce, mix them; give now and then a &s;poonful of it,</HI> and by the help hereof both the Flux will be &s;tayed and the Excoration healed. Nor are Inter|nals only convenient here, but Externals al&s;o, Ointments, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which have a lenient vertue be|cau&s;e of the pains that ari&s;e from the Excoriation, and con&s;olidate al&s;o, being anointed upon the lower part of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and &s;ometimes al&s;o on the region of the Loins. With which Medi|cins, as well Internal as External, <HI>Opiats</HI> are pro|fitably mixed, as not a little increa&s;ing their ver|tue, whence the ulcerated parts of the Womb are then the more happily and &s;ooner con&s;olidated, and the Flux &s;tayed with better &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. A Woman being eight months gone with Child was taken with a continual Fever: on the third day &s;he mi&s;carried, and after her delivery her <HI>Lochia</HI> were quite <HI>&s;topt,</HI> purple Spots appeared all over her Body, and her Fever was high. I pre&s;cribed Bleeding in the Ankle, cold opening Ju|laps, Frictions of the lower parts, Fomentations and a relaxing Liniment to the <HI>Pubes</HI> and <HI>Peri|naeum;</HI> but all in vain, for towards the end of the &s;econd day after the Abortion, the Fever grew wor&s;e with raving, and by the changing of her Countenance &s;he &s;eem'd in danger of her Life. Then I order'd a Vein to be open'd in her Arm, and there came forth a corrupt Blood to ten ounces: I repeated Bleeding after four hours, and order'd her very cooling Julaps, of the decoction of Lettuce, Pur&s;lain, Sorrel, with <HI>Sal Prunellae;</HI> &s;he had al&s;o a cooling and Emollient Cly&s;ter; the next day her Fever was very &s;mall, her <HI>Lochia</HI> be|gun to flow, and in a few days the recover'd with|out other Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 1. ob&s;. 80.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Some naturally have a larger, others a more &s;paring Flux of the <HI>Lochia;</HI> whence you may ob&s;erve them to flow in &s;ome but for two, three, or four days, in others for eight, ten, or more; and that &s;ometimes in a con&s;iderable quan|tity, and &s;ometimes but in a &s;mall, whether that more plentiful or more &s;pare Flux continue longer, or cea&s;e &s;ooner: which is diligently to be ob&s;erved by Phy&s;icians, that they be not pre&s;ently di&s;turbed at the <HI>Lochia</HI> their flowing more or le&s;s plentifully, nor endeavour either to &s;top or promote them without nece&s;&s;ity. Now tho&s;e Women who have their Terms or Monthly Purgations flow plenti|fully, have their <HI>Lochia</HI> or Childbed Purgations flow &s;o al&s;o; and on the contrary. Wherefore as often as Phy&s;icians are called to Women in Childbed, and e&s;pecially pre&s;ently after their de|livery, and become &s;olicitous about the Flux of the <HI>Lochia;</HI> &s;o often mu&s;t they enquire concerning the manner and quantity of the Monthly Fluxion, whereby they may gue&s;s whether the Flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> be to be thought natural, or more or le&s;s &s;werving therefrom. But that that may more ap|pear, the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t enquire, whether the Woman endure any trouble or unea&s;ine&s;s; if &s;he endure none, he has no rea&s;on to endeavour ra&s;hly to change the Flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> what &s;uch &s;oever it be: but if &s;he do, he mu&s;t &s;ee whether it may and ought to be attributed to a too plentiful, or too &s;paring a Flux of them: for &s;he &s;hould in vain be toiled with altering the Flux of her <HI>Lochia</HI> (be it what &s;uch it will) when &s;he &s;uffers no detriment by it. Therefore from the two mentioned &s;igns &s;hall the prudent Phy&s;ician gue&s;s whether the Flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> (what &s;uch &s;oever it be) be accord|ing to,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. Prax. l. 3. c. 10.</NOTE> or again&s;t Nature.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. But the <HI>Flux</HI> of the <HI>Lochia</HI> is not then to be &s;aid to be <HI>&s;uppre&s;t,</HI> or to be none at all, when the Blood flow'd forth plentifully during the Tra|vail, and that is the rea&s;on why there flows little or none afterwards; becau&s;e that which according to Nature &s;hould have flown forth only after the Birth, flow'd forth preternaturally during the Travail. Whence if no Flux of the <HI>Lochia</HI> be ob|&s;erved to follow the Birth, unle&s;s the Woman &s;uf|fer &s;ome detriment thereby, their Expul&s;ion is not to be endeavoured by any Remedy, but the &s;trength of the Woman is to be increa&s;ed by Strengtheners alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, ibid. &s;ect. 14. &amp; 32.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. But if be&s;ides the Efflux of Blood during Travail, <HI>the Woman took Cold in at her Womb,</HI> and there be fear le&s;t &s;he &s;hould &s;uffer &s;ome mi&s;chief thereby, we mu&s;t &s;ee to give her in time &s;ome <HI>Aromatick Sudorifick,</HI> by the help whereof that hurtful Cold may be expelled forth, and a greater mi&s;chief may be prevented. A pain and &s;welling in the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium</HI> doth further urge the &s;ame thing, for this argues the Womb to be ami&s;s: In which ca&s;e, be&s;ides the Sudorifick, '<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">will be good to anoint the lowe&s;t part of the Belly with a Lini|ment, and if the Belly be co&s;tive, to inject a Carminative and Emollient Cly&s;ter. In this ca&s;e no <HI>letting of Blood</HI> is requi&s;ite, unle&s;s there con|cur or &s;ucceed a pretty high Fever, which yields not to other Remedies, but is trouble&s;om by its great heat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, &s;ect. 33, 34, 35.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Pulmonum Vomica,</HI> or an Impo&s;thume of the Lungs.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Curatory Method of a bur&s;t Tubercle or Impo|&s;thume. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An In&s;tance of a &s;ucce&s;sful Cure. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF after the <HI>bur&s;ting of a Vomica</HI> (whereof a Man dies for the mo&s;t part, though I have known &s;everal that from a <HI>Vomica</HI> bred in|&s;en&s;ibly, ripened, and at la&s;t bur&s;t, have cought up a great deal of &s;tinking <HI>Pus;</HI> and when they have continued to &s;pit &s;uch Matter daily for many weeks, yea months, have at length been entirely recover'd by the help of &s;uch Medicin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> as clean&s;ed and dried up the Ulcer, and were proper for the Con&s;umptive) and the &s;pitting of <HI>Pus</HI> begun without declination of the Spirits and Strength, there be place given to any Curatory Method; The <HI>Curatory</HI> Indication will be, that the Matter of the Ab&s;ce&s;s be &s;peedily &s;pit up, and its &s;ides clean&s;ed, and con&s;olidated as much as po&s;&s;ible: the <HI>Pre&s;ervatory,</HI> to prevent the conflux of new Matter to that ne&s;t, or other bordering places of the Lungs (whence a Phthi&s;is might be generated:) And the <HI>Vital,</HI> to cure the Langui&s;hings of the Spirits and the collap&s;ed Strength, and to re&s;tore fru&s;trated Nutrition. For the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> Indication, the Remedies commonly call'd Expectorating, are good, <HI>viz.</HI> &s;uch of them as being hotter and rougher will clean&s;e and dry more, and e&s;pecially the Sulphureous, &s;eeing a Fever is for the mo&s;t part wanting in this ca&s;e. 2. The <HI>Pre&s;ervatory Indication,</HI> that cuts off the Morbifick Matter, endeavours the depuration of the Blood, and the &s;trengthening of the Lungs; for which ends, Par|gers, Vulnerary Decoctions, Di&s;tilled Waters, and Diet-drinks are proper. 3. The <HI>Vital In|dication</HI> pre&s;cribes Cordial Remedies, Anodynes, and a fit manner of Diet. The forms of Medi|cins are almo&s;t the &s;ame in this ca&s;e as for an <HI>Em|pyema</HI> after Section: and let the &s;ame Diet be
<PB N="521" REF="232"> ordered as in a beginning Phthi&s;is. A&s;&s;es Milk is oft profitable al&s;o in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Concerning the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e I have often ob&s;erved that an <HI>I&s;&s;ue</HI> made in the Side has greatly profited. I remember two ill of this Di&s;|ea&s;e, who after the <HI>Vomica</HI> of their Lungs was bur&s;t and they had cough'd up a great deal of <HI>Pus,</HI> were cured in a little time by this Remedy. In both out of the hole made in the Skin by Section, there flow'd in three or four days time pure <HI>Pus,</HI> and from that time their &s;pitting &s;uch Matter di|mini&s;hed: And after that Efflux increa&s;ing daily had continued for &s;ome time, the &s;pitting cea&s;ed wholly, and the Patients grew quite well.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Gentleman of a middle Age, that was robu&s;t before and always healthful, without any manife&s;t cau&s;e grew to be betwixt well and ill as it were; for being without Pain, Vomiting, or Cough (at lea&s;t that was any thing con&s;iderable) he became in a little time languid, without appe|tire, uninclinable to &s;leep, thir&s;ty, and hot about his Heart. After that divers methods of Cure had been tried in vain, the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hewed it &s;elf at length; for whil&s;t one night being more re&s;tle&s;s than u&s;ual he turned him&s;elf &s;trongly in his Bed, an Ab&s;ce&s;s breaking of a &s;udden in his Lungs, he expelled by Cough a va&s;t quantity of very &s;tinking <HI>Pus.</HI> The <HI>Vomica</HI> being bur&s;t, &s;uch Medicins were diligently given as might clean&s;e and heal the Ab|&s;ce&s;s, might purify the Blood and clear the Lungs, and deliver them from an imminent <HI>Tabes;</HI> as my <HI>Tinctura</HI> and <HI>Spiritus Dia&s;ulphuris,</HI> together with Pectoral and Vulnerary Decoctions and di&s;tilled Waters. Likewi&s;e <HI>Linctus</HI> and Bal&s;amick Pills were taken from day to day in a con&s;tant method; and betwixt whiles Cly&s;ters, and gentle Catharticks and Diureticks were interpo&s;ed. Fir&s;t Vapora|tions, then Suffumigations, both Sulphureous and Ar&s;enical, were u&s;ed morning and night. After that the&s;e had been u&s;ed long and diligently with|out benefit, he con&s;ented at length to the opening of his Side: On the left &s;ide of his <HI>Sternum</HI> there appeared a Tumour betwixt the fifth and &s;ixth <HI>Ver|tebra.</HI> In &s;tead of a Cau&s;tick I applied hereto a Suppurative Pla&s;ter, and in three days the top of the Tumour became red and &s;oft, out of which being opened the next day there fir&s;t flow'd a thin Ichor, and a while after yellow and concocted <HI>Pus,</HI> and afterwards it continued to flow more plenti|fully: From that time his &s;tinking Spittle de|crea&s;ed, and in fourteen days quite cea&s;ed, the Morbifick Matter finding both a more ea&s;y and more convenient exit by that hole. Though by the effect it was manife&s;t that the Duct of that Ori|fice did lie open inwardly into the Brea&s;t, and per|haps to the middle of the Lungs, yet no Liquor that was injected by Syringe could penetrate or be driven thither; &s;o &s;ecret and very intricate are the pa&s;&s;ages which Nature forms for her la&s;t relief, that no hurtful thing can enter in by that way where|by the Morbifick Matter is expelled. That Aper|ture of his Side was at length changed into an I&s;|&s;ue, and a Pea&s;e or Wooden Pill being put in it every day, it continued to pour forth Ichor plen|tifully for half a year; and the Nobleman in the mean time getting quite rid of his Pectoral Infir|mity, and recovering his robu&s;t habit of Body, became quite well in every re&s;pect. At la&s;t the I&s;&s;ue being tran&s;lated into his Arm, he carried nei|ther the Di&s;ea&s;e nor the I&s;&s;ue any longer in his Brea&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>An Intermitting <HI>Pul&s;e.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The cau&s;e depends &s;ometimes on the irregular motion of the Animal Spirits. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An in&s;tance of a Pul&s;e returning upon the voiding of a Worm. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THere are two di&s;tinct Rea&s;ons of the breeding of this Affection: for though the Pul&s;e intermit &s;ometimes, becau&s;e the Heart for that time cea&s;es from motion; yet when we judge by our feeling, it &s;eems to intermit &s;ome|times in the Wri&s;t, whil&s;t the Heart is felt to beat very frequently and ince&s;&s;antly in the Brea&s;t, be|cau&s;e when that pa&s;&s;ion (its tremor) urges, only a very &s;mall portion of Blood is ca&s;t forth into the <HI>Aorta</HI> in every <HI>Dia&s;tole.</HI> Wherefore the <HI>Aorta</HI> being empty and flaggy, and wanting a load to promote, that it may nor act often in vain, it &s;ometimes intermits its contraction. Moreover in Malignant or deadly Fevers, if at any time the Pul&s;e be frequent and weak, it now and then al&s;o intermits; not that the Heart cea&s;es &s;ome|times from motion, (for it does then e&s;pecially labour ince&s;&s;antly) but in as much as the Blood is not poured forth into the <HI>Aorta</HI> in a &s;ufficient quantity at every <HI>Dia&s;tole;</HI> &s;o that this having not enough to be&s;tow its labour upon, idles &s;ome|times. But moreover, the Pul&s;e does &s;ometimes intermit, becau&s;e the contraction of the Heart it &s;elf is &s;u&s;pended for &s;ome turn, or its pau&s;e is twice as long, which indeed any one &s;hall ea&s;ily perceive in him&s;elf or in another by laying his Hand upon his Brea&s;t; yea tho&s;e who labour under a weight or oppre&s;&s;ion of their Brea&s;t, do plainly perceive of them&s;elves how often their Heart cea&s;es from motion. Moreover this Affection does every where &s;ei&s;e upon not &s;o much the langui&s;hing, and tho&s;e who are ready to die, or are dange|rou&s;ly &s;ick, as tho&s;e who are &s;trong enough, and in mo&s;t regards very well: Wherefore it ought not according to the Vulgar Opinion to be taken always for an altogether de&s;tructive &s;ign. From what has been &s;aid I think it appears, that the cau&s;e of this Affection depends not on the mixture or cra&s;is of the Blood, but only on the irregular di&s;|pen&s;ing of the Animal Spirits out of the Cerebel into the Cardiack Nerves, and from thence into the Tendons of the Heart. For we may &s;uppo&s;e, that through tho&s;e Nerves being &s;omewhat ob|&s;tructed, the Animal Spirits de&s;cend not to the Tendons of this Mu&s;cle in a &s;ufficiently full &s;tream or Influx: wherefore when their &s;tore is a little defective, the Pul&s;e of the Heart cea&s;es now and then for one turn, till being by and by recruited with a fre&s;h &s;tore of Spirits its action may be re|newed. Though this Affection do oft want pre|&s;ent inconvenience or danger, and requires no very ha&s;ty Cure; yet for pre&s;ervations &s;ake, le&s;t more grievous Di&s;ea&s;es follow, &s;ome Remedies and Curatory Method ought to be u&s;ed; at lea&s;t let the Diet be rightly ordered in every regard during the remainder of the Patients Life: More|over let a light Cour&s;e of Phy&s;ick be pre&s;cribed to be ob&s;erved &s;olemnly every Spring and Fall; namely to the end that, as much as may be, any Morbid Seminaries ca&s;t into the Brain, or apt to be bred there, may be taken away and prevented. Hither we refer the Pre&s;ervatory Method and Medicins which u&s;e to be pre&s;cribed again&s;t Fits of the Apoplexy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2"><PB N="522" REF="233">II. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> a Man of &s;ixty, was ill of a Dy|&s;entery for many days, and afterwards of a Ter|tian Ague; and at length when he &s;eem'd to begin to recover, his Pul&s;e appeared to be intermitting for three or four days, with anxiety of mind, and dejection of his Spirits: The Cau&s;e betray'd it &s;elf, which was a Worm as thick as ones Finger, and half as long as ones Arm; upon the voiding whereof the Pul&s;e returned to its former &s;tate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. 3. ob&s;. 3.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="15" TYPE="book">
<PB N="523" REF="233">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO THE Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XV. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> R.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Rachitis,</HI> the Rickets.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Content.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The De&s;cription, Cau&s;e, 'and Cure.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THE <HI>Rickets</HI> are a Di&s;ea&s;e pro|per to Children, and peculiar almo&s;t to the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Nation: The &s;igns thereof are a &s;welling of the Belly about the Stomach, e&s;pecially on the right &s;ide, under the region of the Liver; the Epiphy&s;es of the Bones at the Joints are too bulky for their Age, or in compa|ri&s;on to the re&s;t of the Body, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Arms and Legs; The Bones them&s;elves are flexible almo&s;t like Wax, &s;o that they cannot &s;u|&s;tain the weight of the Body, and therefore their Legs and Thighs, (as al&s;o often the Back-Bone) become crooked; Their Head grows too big in proportion to their Bodies, and their Che&s;t is &s;trait, and their Brea&s;t-Bone at fir&s;t depre&s;t, but afterwards &s;harp.</P>
<P>The <HI>containing</HI> Cau&s;e is a too thick, clammy, vi&s;cid, ob&s;tructive, moi&s;t, and cold alimentary Juice in the Bowel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, namely (in one word) the Chee&s;y part of the B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">od: and the more &s;erous part of the Blood in the Bones and Cartilages, in the more notable Cavities and External parts. And the <HI>Di&s;ea&s;e</HI> it &s;elf &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t in the po&s;ition of a thicker, Chee&s;y, and ob&s;tructive Blood in the Bowels; and al&s;o in a defect of Nutritious Juice owing to the Bones and External parts, and in an afflux of &s;erous Humour in lieu thereof. The <HI>Antecedent</HI> Cau&s;e, which makes and moves the <HI>containing,</HI> is the weakne&s;s of the Pul&s;e, or a weak Circulation of the Blood, which doth not &s;ufficiently irradiate the ma&s;s of Blood with an influent heat, for the pre&s;ervation of its Hetero|geneous parts in perfect mixture, but they are coa|gulated and heaped up in divers parts. The <HI>Pro|catarctick</HI> cau&s;es are either in the Parents; o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Nur&s;es, or Infants. In the <HI>Parents</HI> the Cau&s;es are a <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> the Scurvy, K<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ngs Evil, the <HI>Lumbago,</HI> or other long and e&s;pecially cold and moi&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brain and Genitals. In the <HI>Nur&s;es</HI> all &s;uch things may be cau&s;es as make their Milk thick, vi&s;cid, and ob&s;tructive. And to the generation and ha&s;tening of this Di&s;temper may contribute the bad cu&s;tom of hiring Nur&s;es to &s;uckle the new-born Infants, who&s;e Milk (as be|ing old) is o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t fibrous and thick; whereas the &s;erous <HI>Colo&s;tra</HI> (or fir&s;t Milk) of the Mother were far better for the tender Infant, who has need of Purging as well as Nutrition. For the new-born Infant abounds with Phlegmatick Excre|ments
<PB N="524" REF="234"> in its Belly, and requires a Medicamentous Mi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">k, &s;uch as the Mothers is for the fir&s;t Months, which may both purge and nouri&s;h. The Proca+tarctick Cau&s;es in the <HI>Infants</HI> are to be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">etched from our thick and moi&s;t Air, and from the pe|culiar manner of nouri&s;hing and treating our In|fants. For no where that I know of is Fle&s;h granted to Infants &s;o largely and &s;o &s;oon as in <HI>Eng|land.</HI> This Di&s;ea&s;e is mo&s;t frequent among&s;t the Children of Per&s;ons of Quality; next among&s;t tho&s;e of the poore&s;t &s;ort; and lea&s;t among&s;t tho&s;e of a middle Condition. The cau&s;e of the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> I reckon to be the intemperance of the Parents, and becau&s;e hired Nur&s;es have the care of their Chil|dren; and of the <HI>&s;econd,</HI> (be&s;ides bad Diet) want of Fire, long &s;oaking in their Excrements, and the u&s;e of cold and not well dried Clouts.</P>
<P>As to the <HI>Progno&s;tick,</HI> &s;uch as are born Ricketry, or fall into them pre&s;ently after they are born, die all. There are more Girls have them than Boys, but the former recover &s;ooner and more &s;urely. Tho&s;e who&s;e Sutures do not clo&s;e, but their Brain feels like a Quagmire, generally die. Tho&s;e that can go, are more ea&s;y to cure. When the Neck can hardly bear the Head, or where there is a great difficulty of breathing, they &s;eldom e&s;cape; but when the Lungs are &s;uppurated, never.</P>
<P>The whole <HI>Cure</HI> is performed by &s;atisfying the&s;e Indications: <HI>viz.</HI> the thick and clammy Humours which ob&s;truct, and retard the Circulation of the Blood, are to be prepared and evacuated; the &s;erous Humours are to be carried off; the Circu|lation of the Blood, or the influent heat is to be increa&s;ed in the outer parts: and la&s;tly the Ex|ternal Symptoms are to be taken away by appro|priate Remedies. The&s;e are reckoned to be Spe|cificks in this Di&s;ea&s;e, the Root of O&s;mund Royal; the Livers of Rooks dried in an Oven after the Bread is drawn, and poudered; al&s;o Frogs Li|vers. Our Women anoint the Spine and all the Limbs every day once with this ointment: <HI>Take of Salt, the Leaves of Chamomel, Ro&s;emary, Sow-Thi&s;tle and Lavender, of each two handfuls, of Wormwood and Laurel, of each one handful, of black Snails brui&s;ed a pound, boil them in</HI> May <HI>Butter till they are all &s;labby, and then &s;train them.</HI> Then they &s;prinkle &s;ome of the Pouder of the Root of O&s;mund Royal in all that they eat or drink. La&s;tly they give twice a day &s;ome of the decoction of the &s;aid Root, and of Speedwell, Yarrow, Harts-tongue, Rai&s;ins, Lykyrrhize, and Ani&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s. If you will ob&s;erve a Methodical Cure: Purge with Syrup of Ro&s;es, Syrup of Suc|cory with Rhubarb, the Augu&s;tan Syrup, the Sy|rup of Ro&s;es with Agarick, the infu&s;ion of Senna, and of Rhubarb, the Pouder of Rhubarb. But th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ir tender Bodies are not at the beginning to be toiled with frequent Purging, &s;eeing the Matter is &s;o clammy that it will nor follow them: there|fore after a gentle clearing of the fir&s;t ways, we mu&s;t come to appropriate and Experienced Pre|parers; among&s;t which the following is much com|mended. <HI>Take of Ro&s;emary half an handful, of Liverwort, Scabious, Agrimony, Maidenhair, of each an handful, of Speedwel three handfuls, of the Root of O&s;mund Royal four ounces, of Corinths an handful, of Ani&s;eeds four &s;poonfuls, Boil them in &s;ix pints of Spring Water to three pints:</HI> Add to the &s;trained Liquor of Sugar Candy as much as &s;uffices to &s;weeten it: and let lie in it two drachms of yellow Saunders gro&s;ly poudered and tied up in a Rag. Let the Patient drink a draught hereof in the morning, at four in the afternoon, and in the evening. After &s;even days, unle&s;s a Purga|tion fo low of it &s;elf, add to the former Decoction two drachms of Rhubarb, and of the Syrup of Ro&s;es with Agarick as mu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h as &s;uffices; of which let him drink for &s;even days more, and then re|turn to the former Decoction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Whi&s;tler in di&s;p Med. inaugural. de morbo vocat. the Ricke<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s: where you have particular Remedies for all the &s;ym|ptoms. See al&s;o Dr. Gli&s;&s;on's accurate Tract of the Rickets.</NOTE> Then make one I&s;&s;ue or more; e&s;pec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lly make one in the Neck. Let him be kept warm and dry.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Raucedo,</HI> or Hoar&s;ne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Pertinacious one cured by help of a Seton. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of the Syrup of Hedge-Mu&s;tard. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When cau&s;ed by Exhalations and Vapours, it requires a different way of Cure. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ONe was ill of a Hoar&s;ne&s;s and Ero&s;ion of the Almonds of his Ears, by rea&s;on of a &s;a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t and &s;harp Catarrh: He committed him&s;elf to a Phy&s;ician, who advi&s;ed him to have a Seton made, for revul&s;ion and evacuation of the &s;harp Humours; but another Phy&s;ician with&s;tood it; and in the mean time the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;ed. At length he came to me at <HI>Lau&s;anne,</HI> I advi&s;ed him to a Seton likewi&s;e; by which Remedy chiefly, under GOD, he was cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Syrupus de Ery&s;imo Lobelii</HI> (called <HI>Syrupus Praedicatorum</HI>) is commended, which the Author &s;ays is <HI>Laudati&s;&s;imus Arteriacus,</HI> and he writes, <HI>hi&s;t. Stirp. pag.</HI> 103. that by taking of it he cured a young Woman who had had a Hoar&s;ne&s;s ten years, and that others who have laboured of a tedious and almo&s;t incurable Hoar&s;ne&s;s, have been cured by this Syrup of Hedge-Mu&s;tard. And I do affirm, that I have often experienced the goodne&s;s of this Medicin in a very difficult Hoar&s;ne&s;s after a Ca|tarrh: And therefore all Shops &s;hould have it ready prepared; Take of green Hedge-Mu&s;tard (the whole) &s;ix handfuls, Root of Elecampane, Colt&s;-foot, then full of Juice, Lykyrrhize, of each one handful and an half, of the Cordial Flowers, Flowers of Ro&s;emary, <HI>Stoechas</HI> or Betony, of each <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">alf an handful, Ani&s;eeds &s;ix drachms, Stoned Rai&s;ins two drachms. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Barly Water, and of <HI>Hydromel</HI> and Juice of Hedge-Mu&s;tard of each &s;ix ounces to two pounds or three. Add to the Colature a &s;ufficient quantity of Sugar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Schult|zius, Mi&s;c. Cur. ann. 72. ob&s;. 153.</NOTE> Make a Syrup according to Art.</P>
<P N="3">III. I have ob&s;erved that a mo&s;t grievous Hoar&s;|ne&s;s, which la&s;ted for &s;everal months with a total deprivation of Voice, was cured only with Spirit of Sal Ammoniack, by giving a few drops of it every day in the ordinary Drink. And from the &s;ingular Cure of this particular Hoar&s;ne&s;s I reck|oned, it had its ri&s;e from a Saline Muriatick Spirit, not &s;o much eroding the parts allotted for Voice, as di&s;affecting them &s;ome inexplicable way, which would not give way at all to gro&s;s Medicins, but yielded ea&s;ily to this Spirituous one: That is, &s;ince common Medicins that were proper to correct and carry off Salt Muriatick or Acid Humours, were almo&s;t u&s;ed in vain in this lo&s;s of Voice, I might very well think, it was not produced by the gro&s;s and Corporeal Humours, but by &s;ome in the form of a Spirit or Exhalation: And therefore that it mu&s;t in like manner be cured with Spirituous Medicins, but &s;ub-contrary, and therefore with Salts, not fixt, but volatil, which had a power to correct and amend, both the Acid Salt, Muria|tick and Glutinous Humours, and the Spirits and Exhalations of them, and therefore with Spirit of Sal Ammoniack; which the good &s;ucce&s;s and Cure confirmed, though it went on but &s;lowly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="525" REF="234">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be prudent in the u&s;e of Diureticks. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the vertue of outward Applications reach them. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many Di&s;ea&s;es a&s;cribed to other cau&s;es, derive their original from &s;ome fault in them. <HI>III.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Inflammatio,</HI> or an Inflammation of the Kidneys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be opened in an Inflammation of the Kidneys? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Purge is proper in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is hurtful. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Suppo&s;itories are better than Cly&s;ters. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Repellents and Attrahents mu&s;t not be put in Cly&s;ters. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Diureticks are proper? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Kidneys may be opened in the Loyns? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>External Coolers mu&s;t not be abu&s;ed. <HI>XI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Intemperies,</HI> or Intemperature of the Kidneys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking of warm Water is goad for a hot Intempe|rature of the Kidneys. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cooling Topicks mu&s;t often be renewed. <HI>XIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Prolap&s;us,</HI> or a &s;lipping forward of the Kidneys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is difficult to know, when the Kidneys are &s;lipt for|ward. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Ulcus,</HI> or an &V;lcer of the Kidneys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a Vomit is good for &V;lcerated Kidneys. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Purgatives do harm. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be good to drink Milk? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Horehound is an Enemy. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An &V;lcer is very difficult to cure. <HI>XIX.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Dolor,</HI> or Pain in the Kidneys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>A de&s;perate pain of the Kidneys ea&s;ed by opening of the Hemorrhoids. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters mu&s;t have no windy things in them. <HI>XXI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Renum Imbecillitas,</HI> or Weakne&s;s in the Kid|neys.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;igns of Weakne&s;s in the Kidneys, and its Cure. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t never go to work with Diure|ticks, e&s;pecially with violent ones, in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Kidneys. (See <HI>Tit. of Diureticks, BOOK</HI> XIX.)</P>
<P N="2">II. Although <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>Epidem. &s;ect.</HI> 1. <HI>comm.</HI> 6. write, that Medicins applied to the Kidneys are of no u&s;e, both becau&s;e their &s;ub&s;tance is very thick, and becau&s;e of the many parts that lie over them, which hinder the vertue of the Medicin from pe|netrating: Yet this is no &s;ufficient Ob&s;tacle, be|cau&s;e Medicins by long application do at length exert their virtues upon the inmo&s;t parts, as the &s;ame <HI>Galen</HI> 6.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius, con&s;. 78.</NOTE> <HI>tuend. &s;anit. cap.</HI> 14. has ob&s;erved.</P>
<P N="3">III. The Noble Lord <HI>N.</HI> forty five years old, had been troubled for &s;ome months with a &s;alt Ca|tarrh about his Genitals and <HI>Anus.</HI> After he had been more than enough tormented for three whole months with the &s;everity of his Di&s;ea&s;e, and with Medicins, he repaired to me as to his la&s;t refuge. I reckoned, that the cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e ought not to be laid to the alone intemperature of the Liver, as is now the cu&s;tom of Empiricks; but to the bad con&s;titution of the Kidneys, becau&s;e of which a &s;alt Excrement being long detained in the Body, u&s;es to breed &s;uch things, and that Openers, not Coolers, ought to be made u&s;e of. For often a ter immoderate or un&s;ea&s;onable <HI>Venery,</HI> and in &s;uch as live upon a gro&s;s, feculent, and &s;alt Diet, the Kidneys are affected in this manner; Hereby the Expul&s;ive Faculty being &s;poiled, and the pa&s;&s;ages of the Kidneys ob&s;tructed, the &s;alt Excrement is forced to go back by the Veins, and is ca&s;t off thence by &s;weat through the Skin, where, ac|cording to the various nature of the thing, whence it proceeds, &s;ometimes it is di&s;&s;olved, &s;ometimes coagulated; &s;ometimes it is of one nature, &s;ome|times of another. But in a &s;hort time the &s;aid Nobleman recovered his health by the means fol|lowing; The fir&s;t day he took tincture of Corals, and <HI>Specificum Stomachicum,</HI> (which &s;ome take to be the Flowers of Sal Ammoniack) both of which purge the Blood, and &s;trengthen the Inwards, the Kidneys e&s;pecially. To make the fir&s;t region clean, I gave <HI>Decoctum Catholicon purgans</HI> and <HI>refrigerans</HI> for &s;everal days. Outwardly <HI>Bal&s;amus Saturni,</HI> and <HI>Calcinatum majus dulcificatum</HI> in a &s;hort time compleated the Cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Poterius, cent. 2. cap. 64.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Inflammatio,</HI> or an Inflammation of the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<P N="4">IV. Blood mu&s;t be let in the Arm, when the In|flammation is new, with a flux of Humours and plenitude of the whole, as <HI>Fore&s;tus, ob&s;.</HI> 30. <HI>l.</HI> 24. &s;ays. But it mu&s;t not be done, when the Inflam|mation is of any continuance, and no Fluxion of Humours, or plenitude of Body with it: becau&s;e it is then requi&s;ite, that the Matter be evacuated and derived by the next places, which is by Bleed|ing in the lower Veins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Though a Purge be not proper in the begin|ning, le&s;t the di&s;turbed Humours &s;hould flow more to the parts affected, &s;o that if a violent loo&s;ne&s;s come at that time, it mu&s;t be &s;topt: Yet when the Inflammation is a little laid, and the Di&s;ea&s;e is de|clining, a gentle purge may be proper, of <HI>Manna, Rhubarb, Diaprunum Simplex, Catholicon,</HI> and Syrup of Ro&s;es, with a decoction of Lettuce, Pur&s;lain, and other cooling things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. But I would not advi&s;e you to give <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> as mo&s;t do, for I cannot chu&s;e but &s;u&s;pect it, &s;ince it is a little hot, and carries the Humours to the part affected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. In this Di&s;ea&s;e a Suppo&s;itory is more pro|per than a Cly&s;ter; yet a Cly&s;ter may be given in a &s;mall quantity: for a large one di&s;tends the Guts, and &s;o, the Kidneys being pre&s;&s;ed, the pain is increa&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t ab&s;tain al&s;o from tho&s;e Cly&s;ters, which have a repelling faculty; as al&s;o from &s;uch as are very drawing and irritative; for &s;o Nature will be incited to &s;end more to tho&s;e parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. As for provoking of Urine, you mu&s;t only do it, when the Inflammations are perfectly con|cocted: otherwi&s;e you will but exa&s;perate, and increa&s;e the Afflux. Wherefore we mu&s;t let it alone, till the Pain be laid, and the Fluxion cea&s;ed. &para; And therefore the greater cold Seeds mu&s;t be omitted in Emul&s;ions, becau&s;e, &s;eeing they are Diuretick, they might carry &s;omething towards tho&s;e parts, e&s;pecially while the Fluxion is &s;till in motion; for in the declen&s;ion they may be of u&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. If it appear, that the Tumour tends to the out&s;ide of the Loins, and if pain and throbbing be felt by the touch, upon the Kidneys, &s;o that it is evidently apparent, the Ambient Membrane is rather inflamed, than the &s;ub&s;tance of the Kidneys, (for in this ca&s;e only, I think, opening of the Kidneys in the Loins is &s;afe; for, I reckon, that the Kidneys them&s;elves when opened with a red hot Iron, do &s;eldom or never heal, and though Life remain, it is but calamitous and mi&s;erable) it is the be&s;t way to perforate the part affected over the Kidney, with a red hot Iron, that the viru|lent Matter may get out. And this may be done by applying Pla&s;ters fir&s;t, which may draw out the <HI>Pus</HI> to the out&s;ide of the Kidney, and may atte|nuate the part, that the opening may more ea&s;ily be performed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11"><PB N="526" REF="235">XI. We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t long on cooling things, le&s;t the di&s;per&s;ing of the Conjunct Matter be hindred,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> or Scirrhous Tumors &s;hould grow. &para; Coolers and A&s;tringents outwardly do but keep in the Superfluous Excrements.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Intemperies,</HI> or Intemperature of the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<P N="12">XII. Nothing keeps the Kidneys &s;o free from Recrements, and &s;o temperate, as to drink &s;ix or &s;even ounces of fair Water boiled, before Meat, twice, or at lea&s;t once a day: For their fiery heat is at length extingui&s;hed by the coolne&s;s of the Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius.</NOTE> &s;o that afterwards they cannot breed the Stone.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. There are &s;ome, who once every day apply Oil of Ro&s;es or <HI>Infrigidans Galeni</HI> to the Kidneys, for cooling of them. But this may be doubted, becau&s;e within four or five hours time the&s;e To|picks cool no more: For in that time the heat of the part has naturally &s;o exceeded them, and they are become &s;o like and familiar, that they have in a manner lo&s;t their whole power of re|action. For Alteratives do not act as Food, which only nouri&s;hes and augments the &s;trength, when it is conquered, but before they are conquered; for Example, cooling Alteratives while they react, do cool: But when they are exceeded, the contention and alteration cea&s;es; and from thenceforth no cooling can be expected from them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Prolap&s;us,</HI> or a &s;lipping forward of the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<P N="14">XIV. Sometimes one of the Kidneys is found &s;lipt forward into the <HI>Hypoga&s;trium,</HI> which can &s;carce be di&s;tingui&s;hed from the falling down of the Speen. (See <HI>Tit. de Lienis Affectibus,</HI> BOOK X)</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Ulcus,</HI> or an &V;lcer of the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<P N="15">XV. Though <HI>Avicenna</HI> highly commend a Vo|mit for Ulcerated Kidneys, becau&s;e, as he &s;ays, it clean&s;es and evacuates, and makes revul&s;ion from the Kidneys: And though, as &s;ome report, this Di&s;ea&s;e has been often cured with this Remedy; yet we mu&s;t take notice, that it mu&s;t be given only to &s;uch as are ea&s;y to Vomit: Otherwi&s;e the Ulcer would be irritated by its violence. <HI>Rondeletius</HI> advi&s;es to give it after Meal, becau&s;e then it is more ea&s;y; he gives Water and Oil warm, and to relax the Stomach, he anoints the mouth thereof with O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l of White Lilies.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. If any one make an Electuary, to evacuate the common Recrements, let him omit <HI>Senna,</HI> Agarick, and Tartar, if there be an Ulcer in the Kidneys or the Bladder; for they exa&s;perate the parts affected;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> and &s;o doth <HI>Carthamus.</HI></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Whether is Milk proper? Phy&s;icians hold the Affirma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ive, but with a certain limitation: for in the beginning of an Exulceration, in as much as there is need of greater ab&s;ter&s;ion, the Antients pre&s;cribed A&s;&s;es or Mares Milk, with Honey. Now a days Goats Milk is given with Sugar as a thing, that by its Ni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rous &s;ub&s;tance has a very ab|&s;ter&s;ive faculty: But if it appear, that the Ulcer is clean&s;ed, Cows Milk &s;hould rather be given. For this Remedy, as <HI>Mercatus</HI> &s;ays, is both Food and very effectual Phy&s;ick, for by its &s;erous part it is ab&s;ter&s;ive, by the ca&s;eous it con&s;olidates, and by the butyrous and fat part it a&s;&s;wages pain and the Di&s;ea&s;e, and repairs the &s;trength. Nor is it any ob&s;tacle, that Milk pa&s;&s;es difficulty to the Kid|neys, and chiefly hurts the Bowels: for the fir&s;t is ea&s;ily helped, if Juice of Lemons and other things, that carry to the Kidneys, be mixt with the Milk: the other need not to be feared, &s;ince Milk is given after Univer&s;als. Therefore <HI>Mercurialis</HI> &s;ays, When Ulcers are pretty foul, that Milk is proper, which is mo&s;t ab&s;ter&s;ive, as A&s;&s;es, Mares, and Camels Milk: But when they are not &s;o foul, that Milk is proper, which is not &s;o ab&s;ter&s;ive, and breeds Fle&s;h more, as Goats Milk: At la&s;t, when the Ulcers are quite clean&s;ed, that is proper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, Qu 3. Dec. 8.</NOTE> which nouri&s;hes mo&s;t, as Sheeps or Cows Milk.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Let Horehound be never &s;o much com|mended by Botanick Authors for &s;everal Di&s;ea&s;es, and e&s;pecially for &s;uch as are Chronical and Con|tumacious in Cure; yet Phy&s;icians ought to be cir|cum&s;pect how they u&s;e it, &s;ince <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> 3. <HI>de re medica cap.</HI> 19. and <HI>Pliny, lib.</HI> 20. <HI>cap.</HI> 22. do hold, that it hurts the Kidneys, and that it mu&s;t be avoided in Ulcers of the Kidneys and Bladder. Wherefore &s;ince it is evident from <HI>Galen,</HI> that the Colick and the Stone have almo&s;t the &s;ame &s;igns, or that the Symptoms of the&s;e two Di&s;ea&s;es can hardly be di&s;tingui&s;hed one from the other, I would advi&s;e no Man to Horehound, when there is the lea&s;t &s;u&s;picion, that the Kidneys are ami&s;s, much le&s;s, if they be already exulcerated, as be|ing a thing, in my judgment, offen&s;ive to the Kid|neys in its who<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e &s;ub&s;tance. And why, in its whole &s;ub&s;tance? Becau&s;e Experience, not Rea|&s;on, has taught us it is &s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. I que&s;tion, whether there be any hopes of curing an Ulcer in the Kidneys; I do not re|member that I or any Man el&s;e ever cured one. However &s;omething may be given to a&s;&s;wage the Malady, and hinder it from growing wor&s;e: To which purpo&s;e I have found nothing better than <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris</HI> both <HI>ani&s;atus</HI> and <HI>&s;uccinatus, juniperinus</HI> and <HI>terebinthinatus,</HI> but made with the Oil of true Turpentine, not the common; but the <HI>Succinatus</HI> is the be&s;t in this ca&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> le Boe.</NOTE> &para; I remember I cured an Ulcer in the Kidneys <HI>Anno</HI> 1662. in the Illu&s;trious and Noble <HI>Mr. de Molendins,</HI> Deputy Governor of <HI>Newenburgh,</HI> who be&s;ides a &s;en&s;e of heavine&s;s in the region of his Loins voided <HI>Pus</HI> and Blood, yea, and Bodies like Worms, and by the Advice al&s;o of the Doctors of <HI>Paris</HI> he was cured, be&s;ides Bloodletting and Cupping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by the fre|quent u&s;e of Trochi&s;es of <HI>Alkekengi</HI> with, and without <HI>Opium,</HI> and al&s;o with Chalybeate Milk.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Dolor,</HI> or Pain in the Kidneys.</HEAD>
<P N="20">XX. I &s;aw a Man, who was afflicted with an in|tolerable pain in his Kidneys, which could be ea&s;ed neither by Phlebotomy, nor Purging, nor by any outward applications, but by opening the Hemor|rhoids. For the Matter that &s;tuck in the Kidneys, cau&s;ed it; and as &s;oon as way was made, the pain cea&s;ed. Yet it does not follow, that the He|morrhoids mu&s;t pre&s;ently be opened, if any one be &s;o afflicted; but if they &s;well, we may open them bold<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. In pains of the Kidneys &s;uch things mu&s;t be omitted in Cly&s;ters, as breed Wind: And for this rea&s;on neither <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> nor <HI>Diacatholicon</HI> mu&s;t be put in them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Soleuander.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>Renum Imbecillitas,</HI> or Weakne&s;s in the Kid|neys.</HEAD>
<P N="22">XXII. A young Man Twenty eight years old, had for &s;everal months always made a red Urine, thin enough in con&s;i&s;tence, and almo&s;t like to the Water in a high Fever. The Phy&s;icians u&s;ed Me|dicins, as for an over heated Liver. At length he came to me, and &s;eeing he appeared not to be in a Fever, I asked him, whether at any time he had had a Fever? On the contrary, he an&s;wered, as if he had been continually cold for &s;ome months, his Body was extenuated, his Spirits low, with &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, and what he had taken, had done him no good. Therefore I had a mind, that
<PB N="527" REF="235"> he &s;hou d leave his Urine till the next day, that I might con&s;ider the Sediment, which was indeed as red as Blood (for it was nothing el&s;e but Blood) the re&s;t of the upper part was but low coloured, of a pale yellow, an argument that there was no Fever. Therefore I concluded there was no heat in the Liver, but that the Kidneys were weakened, and that the mouths of the Veins being too open, did let out the thin Blood. Therefore I altered the method of Cure, and u&s;ed things to &s;trengthen the Kidneys, and bind the Veins: he u&s;ed a good Diet, and drank Goats Milk: And &s;o the Urine left off being red, and his Body began to thrive, and his &s;trength to come to him:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodonaeus, ob&s;. 32.</NOTE> And at length the young Man recoverd.</P>
<P>(See <HI>Calculus Renum,</HI> BOOK III.)</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Renunciatio,</HI> or Inque&s;t.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Judgment concerning a dead Body, by what mi&s;|chance it died. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Judgment concerning a Childs being &s;mothered. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concerning a wounded Man, whether he received the Wounds alive or dead? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concerning drowned People. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Body killed by Poi&s;on. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>(<HI>See</HI> A. Paraeus <HI>of Inque&s;ts, and</HI> Codronchius <HI>his Book</HI> De Methodo Te&s;tificandi.)</P>
<P N="1">I. IF a dead Body be found in the Hou&s;e or abroad, and the Que&s;tion be, Whether it was &s;lain by Thunder, or came by &s;ome other Mi&s;chance? If by Thunder, the Body &s;mells of Sulphur, &s;o that Dogs, nor nothing el&s;e will touch it. Under the part, whether it be whole or wound|ed, the Bones are broken, and the Wound is black. The Body falls on the wounded &s;ide; Brute Bea&s;ts fall on the contrary &s;ide. If one be Thunder&s;truck waking,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schmitzius Med. pr. p. 204.</NOTE> he has his Eyes &s;hut; if &s;leeping, on the contrary. It does not corrupt.</P>
<P N="2">II. One may know a Child has been &s;mothered, if it was well before; If it froth at the Mouth and No&s;trils; And if the Lungs, when they are di&s;&s;ected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> be frothy.</P>
<P N="3">III. If it be enquired, Whether a Wounded Body received the Wounds alive or dead? If alive, the lips of the Wound are red and Bloody, and the place about it is black and blue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. He that lies drowned, if the Body were ca&s;t in alive, all the Belly is &s;welled with Water, Mucous Matter comes out at the No&s;e, Froth comes out at the Mouth, and the Fingers ends are as it were excoriated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If a Man, naturally abounding with good Humours, and who keeps a whole&s;om Diet, die &s;uddenly; If his Body appear black or blue, or of party colours, or flabby, and &s;tinking, it mu&s;t be concluded that he has taken Poi&s;on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Re&s;piratio Lae&s;a,</HI> or Shortne&s;s of Breath.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A Vein may be opened in a fit of an <HI>A&s;thma. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purges be then proper? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Out of the Fit we may purge violently. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are &s;ometimes proper. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An <HI>Orthopnoea</HI> cured with Scammoniate Medicins. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Cly&s;ters may be given? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Expectoraters ought to be mild. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Diureticks be good? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cock-Broth mu&s;t not re&s;pect the Lungs only; but the Head, as the Mandant part. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirit of Sulphur is not proper for all. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Fit is coming, we mu&s;t have a care of Ex|pectoraters. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an <HI>A&s;thma. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what and when Intercipients are proper? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t proceed to burning in an inveterate <HI>A&s;thma. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether both an attenuating and &s;pare Diet be proper? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An <HI>A&s;thma</HI> is &s;ometimes cau&s;ed by Wind. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by Metallick Fumes, mu&s;t be cured by ap|propriate Medicins. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;piration is often hindred by the fault of the Sto|mach. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be hurt by a cau&s;e in the Neck. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An <HI>A&s;thma</HI> cau&s;ed by a Convul&s;ive motion of the Nerves of the Lungs. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Scorbutick <HI>A&s;thma. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Vein mu&s;t be immediately opened in the Fit of an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> if Blood &s;eem to abound but indifferently; for when the Veins are emptied of Blood, the Breath will be more free. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e be old, and Blood hath been often let, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from it, le&s;t, when the innate heat is abated, a greater &s;tock of Phlegm &s;hould follow. Bleeding in the Foot is excellent, when this Di&s;ea&s;e is Sympathick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; Bleeding mu&s;t not wholly be neglected, which <HI>Galen</HI> allows to hinder Suffocation, and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> pre&s;cribes in a dry <HI>Orthopnoea:</HI> Yet we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from it in the Fit of an <HI>Orthopnoea,</HI> becau&s;e then the &s;trength is low. And Blood may e&s;pecially be let, when the Patient is hot and moi&s;t of Complexion, and the whole Body abounds with Humours. We mu&s;t Bleed but &s;paringly in the Arm; or rather the He|morrhoids may be opened by and by, if it &s;hall be needful,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> as &s;ympathizing with the Brea&s;t</P>
<P N="2">II. Some di&s;&s;uade the giving of Purges in the Fit; becau&s;e that Humour e&s;pecially which cau&s;es the <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> is thick and vi&s;cid, and cannot ea&s;ily be evacuated, till fir&s;t it be prepared; and it mu&s;t be evacuated by degrees, as mu&s;t be done in all other Phlegmatick Di&s;ea&s;es. 2. Becau&s;e of the urgent danger of &s;trangling, &s;eeing it may be fear|ed, le&s;t the Matter agitated by a Purge, &s;hould not run to the lower Belly, but rather to the part affected, and &s;o increa&s;e the danger of Suffocation. On the contrary <HI>Carolus Pi&s;o</HI> thinks that a Purge &s;hould be given immediately after Bleeding for aver&s;ion &s;ake, &s;eeing Purging cannot be deferred without danger of Suffocation; And the Humour being fluid enough of it &s;elf, needs no great pre|paration. But here is need of a di&s;tinction; and the nature of the Humour mu&s;t be con&s;idered: For if the Humour be thick and vi&s;cid, it is to no pur|po&s;e to give a Purge immediately; and it is rather di&s;turbed than carried off, whereby the Fit is increa&s;ed: But if the Humour be thin and &s;e|rous, and poured out of the Veins upon the Lungs, which <HI>Pi&s;o</HI> pre&s;uppo&s;es, one may very well Purge at the beginning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that the &s;tronge&s;t Me|dicins are proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e the Mat|ter is highly peccant, and of long continuance. Therefore <HI>Paulus</HI> Purges with very &s;trong Medi|cins, and that con&s;tantly; and he approves even of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> (No wonder, if few now be cured, when we give only a little Agarick) <HI>Elaterium</HI> therefore may not only be given in a Drop&s;y, but al&s;o in an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> and <HI>Orthopnoea,</HI> &s;eeing they are cau&s;ed by gro&s;s Matter. <HI>Galen</HI> a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;o 7. <GAP DESC="foreign">;
<PB N="528" REF="236"> <HI>cap. ult</HI> approves of the mo&s;t violent things. We m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y thus pre&s;cribe with <HI>Galen;</HI> Take of Mu&s;tard one drac<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m, common Salt half an ounce, <HI>Elate|rium</HI> fifteen grains, grind them together with Wa|ter, and make Trochi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s. <HI>Galen</HI> makes eight Tro|chi&s;es, &s;o that in every Trochi&s;e there are almo&s;t two grains of <HI>Elaterium,</HI> but not quite two. And that the Cure may be &s;afe, Cry&s;ters mu&s;t be given before we give the&s;e Trochi&s;es; and after the Tro|chi&s;es &s;ix ounces of <HI>Mul&s;a</HI> mu&s;t be given. Practi|tioners in our time commonly give Pills once in thirty days; but they cure no Man. Therefore after <HI>Galen</HI>'s Example, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be conru|macious, it is my advice, if not every other day, at lea&s;t every fourth or fifth day, to give one of the &s;aid Trochi&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacci.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Though &s;ome condemn Vomits, yet they are very proper, as frequent Experience &s;hews; and oftentimes the Fit is taken off with this Re|medy alone. The be&s;t Medicin of this &s;ort is Ta|baco Water one ounce, which may be made into a Syrup with Sugar, the Do&s;e two &s;poonfuls. Salt al&s;o of Vitriol and <HI>Aqua-Benedicta</HI> may be given. And the rea&s;on why Vomits are &s;o good in this ca&s;e, is very plain, Becau&s;e while the thin Phlegm that falls from the Head, in&s;inuates it &s;elf into the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria</HI> and the <HI>Bronchia</HI> of the Lungs, the thicker part of it falls into the Stomach, and &s;ticks &s;o clo&s;e to the &s;ides of it, that it can hardly be got off. In the mean time while the faint heat of the Stomach moves that Matter, gro&s;s Wind is bred, which puffing up the Stomach, does pre&s;s upon The Diaphragm, and cau&s;e a difficulty of Breathing. Whence it comes to pa&s;s that when the Stomach is empti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d, the Fit either quite cea&s;es, or does wonder<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y abate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. After <HI>Adr. Spigelius,</HI> who was much given to Experiments, had found in di&s;&s;ecting of Or|thopnoick Per&s;ons, that the Coat of the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria</HI> was inflamed, by rea&s;on of a thin and bilious Matter, that was fixt there; He ea&s;ed Fits of a tedious <HI>Orthopnoea,</HI> with Scammoniate Me|dicins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">ius, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">nt. 2. ob&s;. 28.</NOTE> as Pilulae Cochiae, Aureae, and others of the &s;ame kind.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Ludovicus Septalius</HI> does not admit of Cly|&s;ters; becau&s;e when the &s;trength is low, and there is imminent danger of Suffocation, they cannot conveniently be given: But yet &s;trength is not al|ways &s;o low as not to admit of a Cly&s;ter, which makes a very good revul&s;ion from the Brea&s;t. Therefore &s;harp Cly&s;ters mu&s;t frequently be given, but in a &s;mall quantity, le&s;t the di&s;tended Guts &s;hould pre&s;s upon the Diaphragm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. In Pectoral Medicins this mu&s;t always be endeavoured, that they be kindly and temperate: for i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> over hot things be given, in the beginning e&s;pecially, the thinner part of the Phlegm is di&s;|cu&s;&s;ed, and the thicker is rendred unfit for Ex|pectoration. Oftentimes al&s;o Matter is drawn from other places to the Brea&s;t by very hot Re|m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dies. And if any one ra&s;hly u&s;e too &s;trong Re|&s;olvents, if the di&s;&s;olved Humour &s;uddenly fall down, there is danger of Suffocation. Gentle things therefore mu&s;t be made u&s;e of, which con|duce to mollity and dilate the Brea&s;t; and the u&s;e of them mu&s;t be frequent; for tough Phlegm does not ea&s;ily &s;uffer it &s;elf to be &s;oftened and atte|nuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hofm.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Diureticks may have place in curing a Fit of an <HI>A&s;thnia,</HI> not only when it is imminent, but in the Intervals. And I a&s;&s;ert this, not only be|cau&s;e it is very true for the mo&s;t part, that the &s;ame Medicins &s;erve both for cure and prevention; but al&s;o becau&s;e it has been experienced that in the very Fit, &s;ome have at length been freed from it, not by coughing up of any Matter, but only by making abundance of thick and troubled Urine. For daily Experience teaches, that the Matter which is contained within the Cavity of the Brea&s;t a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d Lungs is voided by the pa&s;&s;age of the B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">adder, to the Patients great relief. But in the Intervals a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d long after a Paroxy&s;m, we have no rea&s;on to doubt that Diureticks are proper: for by them the Noxtous Humours are averted from the Brea&s;t, Head, and Veins to the pa&s;&s;age of Urine, before they fix in the Brea&s;t, the place of Re&s;piration. And we often &s;ee, that they who&s;e Head is &s;ubject to be &s;tuffed either by External or Internal Cau&s;es, and chiefly while it is hot, if they make much Urine, do find them&s;elves far better in their Head and upper parts. If therefore one be troubled with a Fit of an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> and make thicker and more Urine than he u&s;ed, and thereby begin to be ea&s;ed of his &s;traitne&s;s of Breath, no Matter being expectorated by Cough, who can make a que&s;tion of it, if Diureticks be given with Pectorals, but that the Patient will far &s;ooner be cured?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crucius de Quae&s;itis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Care mu&s;t be taken of the Head as the part Mandant, and of the Lungs, as &s;u&s;cipient, and &s;ometimes con&s;tantly productive of the Matter, by correcting the moi&s;t intemperature of both, and by &s;trengthening the lax Lungs. For which pur|po&s;e <HI>Avicenna</HI> commends Broth of an old Cock, beaten, drawn, and a little &s;alted; alter'd with Hy&s;&s;ope, Lungwort, and Oak of <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> given for a month, fir&s;t giving a <HI>Bolus,</HI> made of Tur|pentine and Powder of <HI>Iris.</HI> But becau&s;e it can do the Head little or no good, therefore a Sudori|fick Decoction will be far more effectual; Take of Wood of <HI>Guajacum,</HI> Mi&s;letoe of the Oak of each two ounces, common Water four pounds. Mix them. Make an Infu&s;ion twenty four hours; then boil half away. Keep the Colature for three Do&s;es. It mu&s;t be given in the Morning an hour before you would &s;weat, fir&s;t giving this <HI>Bolus;</HI> Take of Ex|tract of Elecampane Root one &s;cruple, Flower of Brim&s;tone half a &s;cruple. Mix them. Make a <HI>Bolus.</HI> Let him &s;weat in a Stove, that the Head may &s;weat; notwith&s;tanding the danger of Suffo|cation, which is u&s;ually objected: for that holds good only when the <HI>Orthopnoea</HI> is pre&s;ent. But if the Breath grows &s;hort in the Stove, as it &s;ome|times happens in the fir&s;t days, let the Patient pre|&s;ently go to Bed and &s;weat; and afterwards &s;weat|ing will be well born a longer time, even in a Stove. When the &s;weat is ended, that the drying of the Lungs may be compleated, Purging Sul|phureous Waters mu&s;t be given for ten or twelve days: And they will be very good to pump the Head withal.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Spirit of <HI>Sulphur</HI> is given for an <HI>A&s;thma:</HI> But here we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h between one Idiopa|thick, for which Spirit of Sulphur may not be u&s;ed, and one Sympathick, fixt about the <HI>Hypo|chondria,</HI> for which Spirit of Sulphur may give its a&s;&s;i&s;tance. This Spirit will be of greater virtue, if it be di&s;tilled with Gum Ammoniack.<NOTE PLACE="marg">F. Hofm.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. When an <HI>Orthopnoea</HI> is pre&s;ent, we mu&s;t act with great caution, le&s;t the Patients be &s;uddenly killed with un&s;ea&s;onable Remedies: Yea, &s;eeing the Phy&s;ician cannot always be pre&s;ent, the Patient mu&s;t be in&s;tructed how he may be a Phy&s;ician to him&s;elf. Therefore, when an <HI>Orthopnoea</HI> is coming, this mu&s;t e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved, that at that time the Expectoration of the Matter mu&s;t not be at|tempted, but by Internal and External Laxatives it mu&s;t be carried from the <HI>Bronchia</HI> to the Cavity of the Lungs: For while we endeavour to get up the Catarrhal Matter that falls from the Head, and ri&s;es from the other Cavities, we bring the &s;ame in more abundance to the <HI>Bronchia,</HI> whereby the pa&s;&s;age of the Breath being wholly &s;topt, the Pa|tient is quite &s;trangled. I have ob&s;erved this to have happened twice to Phy&s;icians. Wherefore fir&s;t of all Re&s;t mu&s;t immediately be pre&s;cribed, u&s;ing only Frictions to the lower parts, to hinder the a&s;cent of the Matter &s;ticking in the Cavity: Then let Oil of &s;weet Almonds, new drawn with|out
<PB N="529" REF="236"> Fire, be in readine&s;s, of which he may take about half a &s;poonful between whiles: The Cawl of a Wether, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be applied to the Brea&s;t, and to make it more laxative, it may be &s;prinkled with Oil of &s;weet Almonds: Or a great Sponge may be applied to it, dipt in a decoction of Mal|low Root, Mar&s;hmallow, White Lily, Lykyr|rhize, and Fenugreek Seeds, which mu&s;t not be quite wrung out, and it mu&s;t be often applied pretty warm, nor mu&s;t it be &s;uffered to grow cold. But when the Fit is going off, &s;ome gentle Expe|ctorant mu&s;t be given, to wit, when the Matter begins to be concocted, and to be di&s;charged out of the narrow <HI>Bronchia;</HI> for then ea&s;e will be found by coughing and excretion of the Matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD><HI>A&s;thmatis Therapia,</HI> or the Cure of an <HI>A&s;thma.</HI></HEAD>
<P N="12">XII. In the Cure of an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> there are two primary Indications, the <HI>Curatory,</HI> and the <HI>Pre|&s;ervatory:</HI> The fir&s;t teaches what mu&s;t be done in the Fit, that the Patient may be delivered out of pre&s;ent danger: The other &s;hews what mu&s;t be done out of the Fit, for removing of the Morbi|fick Cau&s;e, le&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e return often or vio|lently. Therefore when the Fit is upon one, we mu&s;t endeavour, 1. That in re&s;pect both of the Air and the Lungs, more free breathing may be procured; and 2. That the Organs of Re&s;piration may be recalled and checkt in their &s;pa&s;ms begun, and u&s;ually &s;tubbornly per&s;i&s;ting. As to the for|mer, let the Patient be placed with his Body up|right, in an open and airy place, free from Fumes and from the Breath of the by-&s;tanders: Then we mu&s;t do our endeavour, that the Lungs being made free from all &s;toppage and Internal Oppre&s;&s;ion, and al&s;o from External Compre&s;&s;ion, may fetch the Breath and let it go again freely. To the&s;e ends, that the &s;welling of the lower Bowels may not pre&s;s upon or &s;traiten the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> the Belly mu&s;t be emptied with a Cly&s;ter, the clothes mu&s;t be open|ed. And moreover, becau&s;e in this ca&s;e People are u&s;ually oppre&s;&s;ed, either by the Blood being too Turge&s;cent within the Pneumonick Ve&s;&s;els, or by <HI>Serum,</HI> falling from the Arteries and Glands upon the Tracheal Ducts, the rage of both Hu|mours mu&s;t be appea&s;ed. Therefore, if the &s;trength will bear it, and if the Pul&s;e be &s;trong enough, Bleeding is often proper. Moreover things that di&s;charge the <HI>Serum</HI> and Superfluities of the Ae&s;tuating Blood by Urine and Sweat, mu&s;t be carefully u&s;ed. To which end Apozemes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which they call Pectoral, are highly &s;erviceable: And Te&s;taceous Pouders, Preparations of <HI>Mille|pedes,</HI> Spirits and Volatil Salts, are taken with &s;ucce&s;s. And in the mean time be&s;ide the&s;e things, &s;uch mu&s;t be given as open and &s;mooth the pa&s;&s;ages of the Windpipe, and cau&s;e Expectoration; and which may moreover, if there &s;hall be occa&s;ion, &s;top the Catarrh that falls down upon them; to which end <HI>Linctus,</HI> Pectoral Decoctions, and Fu|migations are proper. As to the other intention of Cure, to wit, that the Organs of Re&s;piration may quietly return from the Spa&s;ms they are fallen into, to their ordinary Functions, (unle&s;s this follow &s;pontaneou&s;ly, after the Ae&s;tuations of the Blood and <HI>Serum</HI> in the Lungs are quieted) <HI>(For we have &s;hewn not only by Rea&s;oning, but by Ob&s;er|vations, that a Convul&s;ive</HI> A&s;thma <HI>is often cau&s;ed, when the Morbifick Matter, falling upon the Pneu|monick Nerves, &s;ticks &s;omewhere in their pa&s;&s;ages, e&s;pecially about their</HI> Plexus: <HI>&V;pon which, when abundance is gathered, and begins to di&s;per&s;e and move, for that rea&s;on the Spirits thereabout, and &s;uch as are affluent to the Organs of Re&s;piration, are di|&s;turbed, and driven into irregularities; and by and by tho&s;e Spirits affect others that dwell in the Pectoral and Pulmonary Fibres, and excite them to irregular and A&s;thmatical Spa&s;ms)</HI> we mu&s;t u&s;e Anti&s;pa&s;|modicks and Anodynes; for Medicins that are u&s;ually given in Hy&s;terick Fits, u&s;e to do good in a Convul&s;ive <HI>A&s;thma:</HI> Spirit of Hart&s;horn, Soo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, and e&s;pecially of Sal Ammoniack di&s;tilled with Gum Ammoniack; al&s;o Tinctures of Gum Ammo|niack, Sulphur, Ca&s;tor, <HI>A&s;a foe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ida,</HI> Syrup of Gum Ammoniack, Sulphur, Oxymel of Squi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s and the like, which becau&s;e they are either of an in|grateful &s;mell or ta&s;te, they do as it were di&s;&s;ipate the Sprits, and withdraw them from tumults, and &s;ometimes do much good. But if the Spirits ra|ging in this manner cannot be quieted, we may pro|ceed to Narcoticks, that when &s;ome are di&s;per&s;ed, the re&s;t may be reduced to good order. For un|le&s;s the &s;toppage of the Lungs, with great oppre&s;|&s;ion at the Heart do hinder, Opiates &s;ometimes do much good. In horrible Fits of this Di&s;ea&s;e, when other Medicins would do little good, I have often given <HI>Diacodium,</HI> yea, and <HI>Laudanum Tar|tari&s;atum</HI> with good &s;ucce&s;s. But they mu&s;t be given with great caution, becau&s;e, &s;ince they hin|der Re&s;piration more (which is already difficult and impeded) they often endanger Life. More|over, that the Pneumonick Spirits may be recalled from their Spa&s;ms, it is &s;ometimes convenient to create trouble to the Spirits in other places; for when any are afflicted any where, u&s;ually the re&s;t being &s;mitten lay a&s;ide their di&s;orders. Where|fore Bli&s;ters, Cuppings, Ligatures and painful Frictions give relief: yea, for this Rea&s;on Vomits taken in the middle of the Fit, do good. Thus far of the method in the Fit. The other Pre&s;er|vatory Indication, intending the removal of the Morbifick Cau&s;e, has two di&s;tinct ends of Cure; The one endeavours to amend the conformation of the Lungs, if it be any way hurt or vitiated; and the other to remove the di&s;orders of the moving parts, and of the Spirits belonging to them. Both the&s;e Indications may be &s;atisfied, if the Reme|dies, called Pectoral, be joined with Anti&s;pa&s;mo|dicks, and if the u&s;e of the&s;e Remedies be in|&s;erted with other Medicins, that re&s;pect the Pre|paration of the whole Body, and the emerging Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. There are not wanting &s;ome, who u&s;e In|tercipients in a Periodical difficulty of Breathing, about the time of the Fit, in u&s;ing of which not|with&s;tanding we mu&s;t act cautiou&s;ly, &s;eeing they may thicken and fix the Matter in the <HI>Bronchia,</HI> if any be there; which is the rea&s;on why Opiates in an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> are utterly condemned by <HI>Galen.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> &para; Yet if the Di&s;ea&s;e continue, we mu&s;t endeavour to in|tercept the Matter, which the following Medicin will do excellently well; Take of <HI>Laudanum Ne|penthes Quercetani</HI> one grain or one and an half, <HI>Diapenidium</HI> one drachm: Let it be taken one hour after Meal: And if you cannot have <HI>Lauda|num,</HI> you may take one &s;cruple of <HI>Philonium</HI> in its &s;tead.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. In an inveterate <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> which will not yield to other Medicins, burning in the Neck, Brea&s;t, and Back is commended (for unle&s;s we proceed to burning, they die) about the middle between the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> and the middle between the Ribs. And the Burnings mu&s;t be pretty broad, between &s;uperficial and deep; and the Ulcers mu&s;t be &s;uffered to run a long time. If the fluent Matter come from the Head, we mu&s;t burn in the Coronal Suture; if from the whole, the Arms and Legs mu&s;t be burnt. The Burnings mu&s;t be made in the intermediate &s;paces of the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> and the Ribs; for the Bones hinder the going out of the Matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. It is a Que&s;tion, Whether an Attenuating Diet be proper for A&s;thmaticks, becau&s;e <HI>Galen, lib. de Attenuante victu,</HI> writes, that he has cured Shortne&s;s of Breath and other Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, by means of it, without any Medicins. <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> is alledged on the contrary, <HI>aph.</HI> 1.4. that
<PB N="530" REF="237"> in ong Di&s;ea&s;es a &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">are and exqui&s;ite Diet, is ev<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r un<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e. But the ca&s;e is plain, the <GAP DESC="foreign">, or &s;pare Diet, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;peaks of in the &s;aid Aphori&s;m, is one thing: for he has only re|gard to the form and quantity of Diet; to wit, when Meat ea&s;y of concoction, and in a &s;mall quantity, and le&s;s than the Patient is able to con|coct, is given him; to which a full Diet is op|po&s;ed: <GAP DESC="foreign"> and <GAP DESC="foreign">, or an A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tenuating Diet is another thing. This re&s;pects only the Q<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ality, which extenuates vi&s;cid and gro&s;s Humours in the Body: An Incra&s;&s;ating Diet is op|po&s;ed to this. <HI>Galen</HI> treats of an Attenuating Diet in a particular Book, in which he de&s;cribes Meats to be attenuating, becau&s;e they bite the Sen&s;es and are &s;harp; and he reckons up tho&s;e Meats: And it is certain, that &s;uch Meats are good for A&s;thma|ticks. But whether a &s;pare Diet be proper is very doubtful, becau&s;e according to <HI>Hippocrates in Mor|bis,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> it is not very &s;afe.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Sometimes Wind does di&s;tend the Lungs &s;o violently, that it would cau&s;e Strangling, un|le&s;s it were prevented by tapping between the fourth and fifth Rib of the Brea&s;t, which is often done at <HI>Paris</HI> to the Patients great benefit, and ea&s;e of the Brea&s;t; though no Water come, but Wind bur&s;ts out with a violent di&s;plo&s;ion. <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> calls them, who&s;e Brea&s;t is di&s;tended with Wind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> <GAP DESC="foreign">.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. A Gold&s;mith's Child was ill of almo&s;t a de&s;perate <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> and no Medicins, proper for this Di&s;ea&s;e, would do him any good. At length when I was called, I pre&s;ently &s;u&s;pected the Ma|lignity of a Mercurial Fume had produced this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e the Father acknowledged that for &s;everal days about the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e he had been Guilding Plate, while the Child was by. I therefore by and by gave him twelve grains of <HI>Mercurius Dulcis,</HI> once and again, by the benefit whereof the Child was delivered from imminent danger of Strangling.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The Figure of the Stomach is in a man|ner oblong; becau&s;e a Man's Back is broad, whence it is, that the roundne&s;s of the Stomach runs into a length. They that have a round Sto|mach, do immediately after Meal breath difficultly, the Stomach pre&s;&s;ing upon the Diaphragm accord|ing to <HI>Galen in Arte parva.</HI> If the&s;e People eat often and little, they are rid of that difficulty in breathing.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. There is a Branch of a Nerve &s;ent from the fourth, fifth, and &s;ixth <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Neck to the Diaphragm. Wherefore if this &s;hould cea&s;e, or be deficient in motion from the Head of this Nerve's being affected, either by compre&s;&s;ion or a blow, upon which a Scirrhous di&s;po&s;ition &s;hould ari&s;e; then, to reduce the Diaphragm to a good Condition, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the Neck,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE> not to the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Sometimes I have ob&s;erved grievous Fits of an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> come, without any remarkable fault in the Lungs: So that truly I have &s;ometimes thought this Di&s;ea&s;e to be meerly Convul&s;ive, and that the Fits of it were rai&s;ed, only becau&s;e the &s;erous Matter, full of explo&s;ive Particles, entring the Nerves of the Lungs which perform the <HI>Dia|&s;tole,</HI> joined it &s;elf with the Spirits there: Which afterwards through plenitude or irritation, flying out thick and for a good while, the Lungs are kept &s;tiff as it were, and puffed up; &s;o that they can neither perform the work of In&s;piration nor Expi|ration: But when the Fit is over, and before it begins, the Breath is taken free and equal enough, and no Cough nor any &s;igns of a Valetudinary di&s;po&s;ition of the Lungs do appear. In many that are taken with this Di&s;ea&s;e Vomits e&s;pecially do good, as the famous <HI>Riverius</HI> ob&s;erves; But the Rea&s;on is this, becau&s;e &s;uch Phy&s;ick, greatly &s;haking and irritating the Emunctories about the fir&s;t ways, do &s;trongly &s;queeze out and carry off the Recre|ments of the Blood and Nervous Juice from them, which are apt to be forced and re&s;tagnate into the Nerves. <HI>Zacutus</HI> does not without rea&s;on highly commend I&s;&s;ues &s;ometimes in the <HI>Bregma,</HI> &s;ome|times in the Neck, or about the Armpits. Pre|parations of <HI>Millepedes,</HI> that is, either in form of a dry Pouder, or of a di&s;tilled Liquor, &s;eldom fail of &s;ucce&s;s: for &s;uch recall the &s;uperfluities of the <HI>Serum</HI> from the Head and Nerves, and carry them to the Urinary Pa&s;&s;ages. Gentle Pur|ges are al&s;o good, as is a decoction of an old Cock, and other things appropriate to an <HI>A&s;thma. (See the Section following.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE>)</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Of all the dire Symptoms of Scorbutick Per&s;ons difficulty of Breathing and &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, coming by Fits, are the wor&s;t. I think they for the mo&s;t part ari&s;e either from a &s;udden &s;tagnation of the Blood, that is ju&s;t growing gru|mous in the narrow pa&s;&s;ages of the Lungs, or from a Convul&s;ive irritation of the Nerves, which &s;erve the Organs of Re&s;piration. In the fir&s;t ca&s;e there is an exceeding di&s;tention of the Lungs, and thence as it were an immobility, with a &s;ublivid redne&s;s in the Face, a dimne&s;s of &s;ight, &s;wooning, a low, weak, intermitting Pul&s;e, accompanied with de&s;pair of the Patients recovery. But in the later ca&s;e the Pul&s;e of the Heart and Arteries is not very irregular, the Party is troubled with a dry Cough, together with an anxious &s;traitne&s;s about the Heart, and deep &s;ighs, &s;topping the Breath. For when the Blood, becau&s;e of its thickne&s;s, &s;tagnates in its Circulation through the &s;trait pa&s;&s;ages of the Lungs, &s;uch things are pro|per, as by powerfully attenuating, inciding, and moving it, do re&s;tore it to a requi&s;ite fluidity, and to a more expedite Circular motion. 1. Carmi|native Cly&s;ters, for Revul&s;ion. 2. Blood-letting, where there are &s;igns of a <HI>Plethora;</HI> for &s;o, when the Blood is dimini&s;hed, the re&s;t will more ea&s;ily be attenuated, and will pa&s;s the &s;traits of the Lungs with a quicker motion. 3. Hot Thoracicks mixt with Anti&s;corbuticks of the &s;ame virtue. Tincture of Saffron, Elecampane, Ca&s;tor, <HI>Elixir Proprie|tatis, Confectio Alkermes,</HI> Flowers of Sal Ammo|niack, <HI>Benzoin,</HI> Volatil Salt of Vipers, Hor&s;e-dung, Spirit of Sal Ammoniack; A &s;poonful either by it &s;elf or in &s;ome convenient Vehicle, in a &s;mall but a repeated Do&s;e: for the&s;e do ex|cellently keep off the Fit, by keeping the Blood from Coagulation. For it is found by Experience that Coagulated Blood is di&s;&s;olved by a Volatil Salt, diluted with Water; and be&s;ides Volatil Salts, there is not any thing found fit to prevent or di&s;&s;olve this Coagulation. For a Scorbutick <HI>A&s;thma</HI> from a Convul&s;ion of the Pneumonick Nerves <HI>(See the foregoing Section)</HI> Anti&s;pa&s;mo|dicks promi&s;e a Cure, which are experienced to have the faculties of dulling, &s;uppre&s;&s;ing, and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing this irritating acrimony of the Humours or Vapours. For this the&s;e things are cried up, Spirit of Sal Ammoniack, Hart&s;horn, Soot, Ca|&s;tor, <HI>Spiritus Lavendulae compo&s;itus,</HI> mixt with ap|propriate Liquors, and taken in repeated draughts, while difficulty of Breathing is urgent; Ca&s;tor al&s;o, <HI>Galbanum, A&s;a foetida,</HI> and their Tinctures drawn with <HI>Aqua Raphani compo&s;.</HI> or <HI>Lumbricorum.</HI> But in &s;uch a &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, which threatens to choak the Patient, there is no more pre&s;ent Re|medy (See <HI>Charleton,</HI> Section XII.) than a few grains of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> di&s;&s;olved in good Canary Wine, and infu&s;ed till the Tincture is ex|tracted, and a &s;poonful of it given now and then.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="531" REF="237">
<HEAD><HI>Rheumati&s;mus,</HI> or a Rheumati&s;m. <HI>(See</HI> Febris Rheumati&s;mi comes <HI>Book VI. and</HI> Lumborum Affectus <HI>Book X.)</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The excellency of Blood-letting. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Purgations mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of Diureticks. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sudorificks are not proper at all times. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care to &s;trengthen the parts. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured in a young Man. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BLood mu&s;t be let every day at the begin|ning, till the Di&s;ea&s;e and pains abate. Nor is it any matter, if you Bleed for ten or twelve days, or for more; &s;ince it is peculiar to this Di&s;ea&s;e, for the Patient not to be weakened by Bleeding. Therefore it is my cu&s;tom, when I pre&s;cribe Bleeding &s;o often, to add this re&s;triction, that it be continued every day, till the pains be abated, or the &s;trength be much wa&s;ted; and when no decay of &s;trength ari&s;es upon it, Patients do freely admit it. The condition of the Blood cau&s;es this Tolerance, which comes out always very putrid. Experience &s;hews the benefit, &s;ince by repeated Bleeding, the Di&s;ea&s;e, which in its own nature is long, is often conquered in a &s;hort time; Be&s;ides, a large Haemorrhagy &s;upervening often cures it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Purging in the beginning, increa&s;e, and &s;tate of this Di&s;ea&s;e, gives no relief; yea, it does harm; As it happens in all Inflammatory Di&s;ea&s;es. But in the declen&s;ion it is nece&s;&s;ary, and mu&s;t often be pre&s;cribed, and with gentle Medicins, that the Cacochymie, re&s;tagnating in the Body, may be carried off. If gentle things be in&s;ufficient, wholly to eradicate this Di&s;ea&s;e, which is often contumacious, we mu&s;t, if there be no Fever, have recour&s;e to &s;tronger things. I have always cured this Di&s;ea&s;e, when other things could not do the work, by giving about twenty grains of <HI>Mer|curius dulcis</HI> &s;ix times &s;ublimed, with ten grains of Scammony or Re&s;in of Julap.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; One Cly&s;ter made of Emetick Wine cured a Woman of this Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. In Rheumatick Di&s;ea&s;es, when a bad and &s;harp, &s;erous Matter, bred by a hot intempera|ture &s;ub&s;ervient to Sanguification, is di&s;charged into the External habit of the Body, with a wan|dring pain of the Bones, and with a &s;en&s;e of heat and heavine&s;s all over the Body, and &s;ometimes al&s;o into the inner parts, Diureticks are very good to dry it up; and that by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his advice, <HI>lib. de Humor. Do not &s;hut up,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>the di&s;&s;olved Humours within, but dry up the &s;uperfluous, and when you have a mind co carry them off, or otherwi&s;e, it is be&s;t to u&s;e Attenuants, becau&s;e &s;o you may more ea&s;ily purge them by Stool, or by &V;rine, than if you had re&s;trained them and kept them in by A&s;tringents.</HI> And by <HI>Galen</HI>'s con&s;ent, 15. <HI>Simplic.</HI> 13. By Diu|reticks, <HI>&s;ays he,</HI> the Blood is not only attenuated, but is melted and &s;eparated, ju&s;t as in Milk, in which what is &s;erous and thin is &s;eparated, what is thick is curdled and exactly united.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Sudorificks, as well as Purgatives, do no good, but much harm, in the beginning, increa&s;e and &s;tate: Ordinary Phy&s;icians experience this, who mi&s;taking it for a true Catarrh, and being tired with the contumacy of this Di&s;ea&s;e, have re|cour&s;e to the&s;e things; whereby the Di&s;ea&s;e is doubled, and the pains are increa&s;ed. But in the declen&s;ion, Generals premi&s;ed, and when there is no Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> they do much good.</P>
<P N="5">V. After &s;ufficient Evacuation, yea, at the very time of Evacuation, we mu&s;t endeavour to &s;trengthen the principal Parts and the whole Body. And the&s;e Strengtheners mu&s;t be cooling, by rea|&s;on of the hot intemperature of the Liver, the original of a Rheumati&s;m. There is great &s;tore of them. I &s;hall propound four, that are very effectual and not ungrateful. 1. Tincture of Co|rals, two ounces whereof may be taken two hours before Breakfa&s;t in the morning, tho&s;e days when no other Medicins are u&s;ed. 2. Con&s;erve of Hips, which is grateful to the ta&s;te, cools, and with a &s;mall a&s;triction &s;trengthens the Liver. 3. <HI>E|lectuarium Trium Santalorum, quadruplicato Rheo.</HI> 4. Tincture of Ro&s;es, which things mu&s;t be u&s;ed by turns, that Nature may not be u&s;ed to one.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. A young Man was taken with an univer&s;al Rheumati&s;m, that &s;ei&s;ed almo&s;t all his joints, with a continual Fever, and great crudity of Urine: He had u&s;ed Remedies for &s;ix weeks; yet the pains ran up and down divers parts, and often returned: He was Bled ten times, he took cooling and in|cra&s;&s;ating Juleps, he was gently purged twice or thrice: At length he took a <HI>Bolus</HI> of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, with <HI>Calomelanos</HI> 20 grains, extract of Julap &s;ix grains every third day; he voided much &s;erous and Phlegmatick Matter. When he had taken this Medicin four times, his Pains were quite removed. Afterwards the Aedematous Swellings, which remained in &s;ome of his Limbs, e&s;pecial<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y in his Feet, were di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with di&s;&s;olving and &s;trengthening Pla&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ructus,</HI> or Belching.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Not always an effect of Cold. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;owre one cured with an ea&s;ie Medicin. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A con&s;tant one conquered by &s;trong purging. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOmetimes Ob&s;tructions are latent in the Me&s;entery, bred of Crudities in the Stomach, which grow dry and adu&s;t, while in pro|ce&s;s of time, they are by the heat of the Liver, when the moi&s;ter part is con&s;umed, turned into a Terrene and Melancholick Nature; whence the Belly is bound, there is Belching and painful Wind, which u&s;es to grow wor&s;e with hot things, becau&s;e it partakes rather of the Nature of an Ex|halation than of a Vapour, which u&s;ually occa|&s;ions a mi&s;take in many Phy&s;icians.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Mr. <HI>N.</HI> had been a long time troubled with &s;owre Belching, and took &s;everal things to no pur|po&s;e, yea, he fell away daily: I told him, his Di&s;ea&s;e was not &s;o difficult to cure, but that it might be conquered for the value of a Farthing. And I ordered him to &s;wallow five or &s;ix whole Pepper-Corns in the morning fa&s;ting, five hours before Dinner. When he had done this for three or four days, he felt nothing more of his &s;owre Belching, his Stomach came to him, and his di|ge&s;tion was good; upon which his whole Body ap|peared to be refre&s;hed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Con&s;tant Belching was &s;o trouble&s;om and difficult to one Man, that he &s;eemed to be at deaths door, when I was called to him. He had u&s;ed many Medicins in vain. At fir&s;t I gave him ten grains of <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> his <HI>Pilulae Iliacoe,</HI> whereby &s;ome bad and fetid Humours being purged, he &s;eemed to be better; a few days after he took fifteen grains; and the third time, one &s;cruple. When he had taken this, and had purged the bad Humours, he that lay ready to die confined to his Bed, walked wherever he plea&s;ed, and eat his Victuals with a good Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodonaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P>(See <HI>Ventriculi Affectus</HI> BOOK XVIII.)</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="16" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="238">
<PB N="545" REF="238">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XVI. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter</HI> S.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Salacit<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, Venus languida, <HI>or Leachery and Impot<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ncy.</HI> (See <HI>Aphrodi&s;iaca</HI> Book 19.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Camphire extingui&s;h <HI>Venus. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of tho&s;e that are prone to <HI>Venus,</HI> who labour under a Cachexy. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Cantharides</HI> dangerous for provocation. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Venus</HI> imperfect, becau&s;e of the thinne&s;s of Seed. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Becau&s;e of an occult &V;lcer of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cooling the Te&s;ticles cau&s;es effaemination. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may let blood after too much <HI>Venus. VII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A <HI>VICENNA,</HI> l. 2. Tr. 22. c. 133. holds that Camphire extingui&s;hes <HI>Venus,</HI> when he &s;ayes, that Camphire cooles the Seminary ve&s;&s;els, curdles and thickens the Seed and &s;o hinders Coi|tion: Wherefore if it be applied to the Te&s;ticles and Loins, it re&s;trains and extingui&s;hes all Vene|real provocations. Many &s;ub&s;cribe to this opinion. Even the vulgar are come to the knowledge of this, and therefore when they would fatten Swine with|out Ca&s;tration they give them a drachm or two of Camphire to eat, and &s;o they extingui&s;h <HI>Venus.</HI> &sect; <HI>Julius Cae&s;ar Scaliger Exercit.</HI> 104. &sect;. 8. gave a Grey-hound Bitch, when &s;he was proud, Camphire in her Meat and Drink, he put &s;ome in her No&s;trils, and hung &s;ome continually about her Neck; he order|ed &s;ome to be put into her Womb, yet &s;he took the Dog, was with whelp, and brought forth. I can truly &s;ay I have tried the &s;ame thing more then once. There is in our Neighbourhood a Lu&s;ty, Leacherous young Fellow, to whom (that I might &s;how &s;ome incredulous Per&s;ons their vanity) I or|dered Camphire for &s;ome weeks in his meat and drink; yet he did not at all leave his loving Na|ture to the Girles. They that are of the contrary Opinion build on a fal&s;e <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> as if Camphire were cold; and &s;uppo&s;e it be &s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ch. Pauli|nus <HI>in C. an|ni</HI> 76, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 231.</NOTE> yet what is the con&s;equence? Both Rue and <HI>Agnus ca&s;tus</HI> make <HI>Venus</HI> dull, yet they are not of a cold temper.</P>
<P N="2">II. If they that labour of a Cachexy or Atrophy be prone and &s;trong to <HI>Venus,</HI> things that are cold and dry, or dry and very hot, mu&s;t not be pre|&s;cribed to extingui&s;h Seed. For it does not depend upon the heat or plenty of Seed; but becau&s;e the Seed is flatulent, by much di&s;tending the Member, it makes a &s;how of repletion, and &s;o by dilating the Member, di&s;po&s;es to expul&s;ion, but the flatulencies are cau&s;ed by a heat, weak through Cacochymie: And they that labour under an Atrophy, or &s;leep ill, do &s;uffer this Symptome. Therefore we mu&s;t con|tract the lower parts, and di&s;cu&s;s flatulencies, by increa&s;ing the Heat, and helping the concoctive fa|culty of the Liver, Stomach and Veins. And Me|dicines may be be&s;t prepared in form of a Powder, without much Sugar. For Sugar and Honey and other &s;weet things, lax the Stomach, breed wind, and e&s;pecially when they are joyned with moi&s;ture. Dry leaves of Mint may be given, for then it is an excellent Remedy. For Mint dimini&s;hes Seed and &s;trengthens the Stomach with a gentle a&s;triction, and heats, and becau&s;e Seed makes men bold and couragious, it is vulgarly &s;aid, That in time of War Mint mu&s;t neither be eaten nor &s;own. Be&s;ides, a&s;trin|gent Inunctions &s;hould be laid to the Kidneys and Privities, to bind tho&s;e Parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. I have known &s;everal, and among the re&s;t two Noble-men, who u&s;ed <HI>Cantharides,</HI> the one to gratifie his Whore, the other his new married Wife, but wholly with ill &s;ucce&s;s: For the fir&s;t fell into a mo&s;t dangerous pi&s;&s;ing of Blood, of which he was Cured with great difficulty: And the other the &s;e|cond day after he was married,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph. Salmuth.</NOTE> died of an Apo|plexy.</P>
<P N="4">IV. They who&s;e Seed is &s;harp, are excited to <HI>Venus</HI> of their own accord, and quickly emit their Seed, or it runs from them, becau&s;e of its thinne&s;s, without any great &s;en&s;e, and the Member becomes detume&s;cent and languid before the &s;econd coition, or before the Woman is ready for expul&s;ion. For
<PB N="546" REF="239"> the Cure, we mu&s;t neither give things that pro|voke <HI>Venus,</HI> nor that extingui&s;h it, but &s;uch as thick|en the Seed and increa&s;e flatulency. And boyled Che&s;nuts, Apples, Rice boyled in Milk, Pine nuts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> make the Spirits thick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius, <HI>p.</HI> 1002.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. A certain Nobleman came to me to reque&s;t a Remedy for his Impotency. He was able to lye with elderly Women, but was in&s;ufficient to get a Maiden-head, becau&s;e at the very fir&s;t touch he lo&s;t his Seed, but it was weak and watry, like whey. He was of a good habit of Body and Fle&s;hy. I &s;aid, becau&s;e I could not in &s;o healthy a body &s;ee any other cau&s;e of his Impotency, that I thought he had an Ulcer in the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> and that from thence the <HI>Para&s;tatae</HI> and the other Ve&s;&s;els nece&s;&s;ary for the preparation and ejaculation of Seed, being continu|ally bla&s;ted with a putrid vapor, were not &s;ufficient to breed &s;o much Seed as was &s;ufficient for a long ten&s;ion of the Member, and a florid coition. While they wondered that I &s;hould mention &s;uch a cau&s;e, I told them I had formerly &s;een the &s;ame ca&s;e in <HI>Italy,</HI> and that I remembred I had read of the like in <HI>Hi&s;t. Mirah. Marcel. Donati.</HI> I immediately ordered a Suppo&s;itory only of Honey, and it came out be|&s;meared with much <HI>Pus.</HI> Then I ordered &s;ome brine to be injected by a Syringe, which he &s;aid, after &s;everal injections, that is, when the Ulcer was clean&s;ed, made him &s;mart much, I judged, when the Ulcer was healed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab Heers <HI>Spadac. Ob&s;.</HI> 10.</NOTE> that he would be well. But he neglected the Cure, and died.</P>
<P N="6">VI. I have learned from Soldiers, that while they were led through Rivers, &s;o as that water came up to their genitals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph. Salmuth.</NOTE> that they were thereby made more Effeminate.</P>
<P N="7">VII. They are not to be harkened to, who after over much <HI>Venus</HI> forbid bleeding. Of which opini|on I was formerly, while&s;t I follow'd my Ma&s;ters rules to a tittle, from which I immediately declin|ed, when I begun to act my rea&s;on with Judgment, and to the great benefit of &s;everal, who either im|mediately, or the next day after coition, have fal|len into grievous Feavers and tedious pain in the Kidneys. From whom truly I did not take much le&s;s blood, then if Coition had not preceeded; tak|ing my Indication rather from the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e and its greatne&s;s, and from the fulne&s;s of the Veins, than from a fal&s;e opinion of &s;uperfluous evacuation. Becau&s;e the languidne&s;s of &s;trength, which follows coition, is not cau&s;ed &s;o much by evacuation of the &s;anguineous matter (although Seed be bred of Blood) as from the wa&s;ting the &s;trength of the Body by the toil and heat, which nece&s;&s;arily attend Coition. But admit, that not only the vital Spirits, but al&s;o the animal and natu|ral be &s;pent &s;ooner and in greater plenty by &s;uper|fluous <HI>Venus</HI> than by any other laborious exerci&s;e of the Body, Whether therefore is there &s;o great an e|vacuation made of the matter that is in the venous kind, that if Inflammations ari&s;e in the Kidneys, which are often cau&s;ed by too much Coition, blood &s;hould not be let, when the &s;aid Inflammations are rai&s;ed by afflux of hotter Blood into the &s;aid parts, and the Loins that are heated with too much moti|on? Certainly no, yea, it ought to be taken away immediately while it is fluid, le&s;t being by long &s;tay|ing fixt to the part it cau&s;e an ab&s;ce&s;s. Nor mu&s;t we &s;pare Bleeding, if a Feaver take one without pain of the Loins, if the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e require it, &s;ince they that are given to <HI>Venus,</HI> for the mo&s;t part fair high,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE> to enable them&s;elves.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Again&s;t Salacity.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 Glow-worms which &s;hine in the Night, if they be eaten, take away <HI>Venus</HI> wholly. &para; It is a peculiar Remedy, if 3 drachms or half an ounce of Co|riander be taken with a little water and Sugar.</P>
<P N="2">2. Omitting purging, this Decoction is very much commended, Take of white water Lilly 1 ounce and an half, Pur&s;lain, Lettuce, Mint each 1 hand|ful, Rue 3 drachms, &s;eed of <HI>Agnus ca&s;tus</HI> 1 drachm and an half, flowers of white water Lilly 1 pugil, boyl them in water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> To one pound of the Colature add of Syrup of Poppy, of water Lilly each half an ounce, mix them.</P>
<P N="3">3. De&s;tilled Oyl of Rue is excellent taken in|wardly and applied outwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> in a few drops.</P>
<P N="4">4. The u&s;e of Salt Nitre in the water of water-Lilly morning and evening is admirably good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> in too great Salacity.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is an excellent Remedy; Take Oyl of Ro&s;es 1 drachm and an half, Chamomil half an ounce, juice of Night&s;hade, or Hou&s;leek or Pur&s;lain half an ounce, <HI>Argenti &s;pu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a</HI> and Ceru&s;s each 2 drachms, a little Wax and Vinegar. Mix them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">N. Pi&s;o.</NOTE> make an Unguent.</P>
<P N="6">6. The immer&s;ion of the virile Member in cold water makes it immediately fall.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fel. Platerus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Again&s;t Impotency.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take the Patient's Urine, as much as you plea&s;e, boyl it in a pot covered,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agrico|la.</NOTE> and if any one have bewitched him, he that did it will be in great an|xiety, will di&s;cover him&s;elf, and take off the In|chantment.</P>
<P N="2">2. If a live Mullet be &s;uffocated in Wine, and a Man drink of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Ba|ricellus.</NOTE> <HI>Athenaeus</HI> holds he will be unable to u&s;e Venery.</P>
<P N="3">3. Take of <HI>Mel Anacardinum,</HI> fre&s;h Butter each half an ounce. Boyl them together till they grow thick &s;tirring them well. The do&s;e is the quantity of a Pea&s;e as you go to bed. It excites <HI>Venus</HI> wonder|fully.</P>
<P N="4">4. If the right great Toe be anointed with Oyl in which <HI>Cantharides</HI> have been di&s;&s;olved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Bayrus.</NOTE> it will cau&s;e an admirable erection.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Orchis</HI> Root, who&s;e Root is cover'd with a red skin, but is white within,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crollius.</NOTE> does powerfully excite <HI>Venus</HI> e&s;pecially given in Wine.</P>
<P N="6">6. The continual u&s;e of E&s;&s;ence of Amber is of admirable efficacy in curing Impotency to <HI>Venus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> For there is nothing more effectual for re&s;toring the innate Spirits.</P>
<P N="7">7. <HI>Extractum Dia&s;atyrionis</HI> is mo&s;t excellent in this ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> yea and the Extract of the Roots of <HI>Satyrion</HI> it &s;elf, if a Pill of it be given is excellent to excite coition.</P>
<P N="8">8. Partridges dung di&s;&s;olved in its Gall,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> and anointed on the <HI>Glans</HI> does wonderfully encrea&s;e <HI>Ve|nus.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9. The &s;perm of a Stag killed in <HI>Coition</HI> is a great <HI>arcanum</HI> to provoke <HI>Venus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Take of Oyl or E&s;&s;ence of Saffron 8 or 10 drops, a little <HI>Aurum fulminans</HI> well edulcorated, let it be given in Malm&s;ey Wine when the party goes to bed. It &s;trengthens <HI>Venus</HI> to admiration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cunrad. Kunrath.</NOTE> &para; E&s;|&s;ence or Tincture of Salt impregnated with <HI>Sol</HI> is an excellent &s;trengthener in Impotency.</P>
<P N="11">11. Nettle &s;eed boyled in Butter and given for 3 dayes powerfully helps in Coition.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Mar|quardus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. This is a mo&s;t effectual Unguent; Take of Oyl of Elder 1 drachm, <HI>Pyrethrum, Euphorbium</HI> each 1 drachm, Musk 5 grains, let the Palms of the Hands,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hieron. Mer|curialis.</NOTE> the Soles of the Feet, and the Genital be anoint|ed.</P>
<P N="13">13. Nothing is found more effectual than the anointing the Region of the Womb with Oyl of flying Ants, which is thus made;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Take of flying Ants two ounces, infu&s;e them in Oyl 40 dayes in the heat of the Sun.</P>
<P N="14">14. This is a Venereal <HI>Arcanum</HI> of great virtue; Take of Civet 2 grains, anoint the <HI>Glans</HI> therewith,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guern. Rol|finc.</NOTE> It is a wonder with what &s;trength it tickles and
<PB N="547" REF="239"> erects the Mans member, and with what plea&s;ure to the Woman, that &s;cent is received, &s;o that it is accounted by &s;ome as a &s;ecret.</P>
<P N="15">15. Hazle Nuts long &s;teeped in Honey are very good for the di&s;ten&s;ion of the <HI>Penis.</HI> &para; Al&s;o the tongue of a Goo&s;e in its whole &s;ub&s;tance &s;timulates <HI>Venus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">16. This is an admirable Unguent for Coition; Take Oyl of Frogs, Oyl of <HI>Caepae caninae,</HI> Oyl of wing|ed Ants, <HI>Oleum &s;e&s;aminum</HI> each 1 drachm, <HI>Pyrethrum,</HI> Staves-acre, Nettle-&s;eed each 1 drachm and an half, let them be powdered and boyled in the fore&s;aid Oyls; add of Wax what is &s;ufficient. Make an Oyntment; Wherewith the Stones, Reins, <HI>perinaeum</HI> and <HI>pecten</HI> mu&s;t be anointed. &para; If you would render a Woman very delectable, and &s;o as to love you much in Coition, take of <HI>Euphorbium, Pyrethrum,</HI> Cu|bebs and Pepper each a like quantity, powder them and incorporate them, when you would lye with a Woman anoint the Yard, and do the work.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Salivatio Morbo&s;a,</HI> or a morbid Salivation.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Its Cau&s;es and Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is &s;pontaneous, &s;ometimes not to be &s;topt. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE at this time can &s;peak far more clearly and di&s;tinctly, then they of old concern|ing Salivation, &s;ince not only the Pa&s;&s;ages and Ve&s;|&s;els that carry the &s;pittle into the Mouth, are known to Anatomi&s;ts not long ago, but al&s;o the parts in which the &s;ame is prepared, or &s;eparated from the blood, to wit, the Glands, and not indeed the conglobated ones, to and from which Lympha|tick Ve&s;&s;els are carried, but conglomerated ones, which are endued with certain ways and ducts, thorough which they pour their liquors, that are u&s;eful for the Body, into &s;ome determinate cavity. As therefore in the natural and healthy &s;tate of Man only &s;pittle is carried from the conglomerated ma|xillary Glands into the mouth, &s;o oftentimes in his preternatural and morbid &s;tate either a pituitous and vi&s;cid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe. <HI>App. ad. prax. tract.</HI> 3. &sect; 306.</NOTE> or a &s;erous and thin humour is carried along with the Spittle. E&s;pecially in the&s;e Coun|tries &s;alivation comes frequently of it &s;elf, not on|ly to Infants, when they are breeding their Teeth, but to many Scorbutick and Melancholick Per&s;ons, who turn great &s;pitters. And I have often &s;een the &s;ame happen in a Thru&s;h. &para; The Humours that are mo&s;t frequently evacuated of their own ac|cord by Salivation, are for the mo&s;t part pituitous, as well the thin as the glutinous. Sometimes al&s;o they are acid and &s;alt, for &s;uch are ea&s;ily and inti|mately mixed with Phlegm, and all the&s;e have &s;ome affinity with Spittle. But as it happens to many Melancholick Per&s;ons, that they void abundance of thin Spittle, and therefore they are called Spit|ters. So a great many old Men who are full of Phlegm, and that glutinous enough, do in like man|ner void abundance of Spittle, but thicker and in&s;i|pid, whereby indeed they &s;uffer &s;ome trouble, but no great harm. But there are not wanting &s;ome, from whom not only gentle, and almo&s;t in&s;ipid, but &s;harp, yea extream &s;harp humors, &s;ometimes more fluid, &s;ometimes more tough, run out at their mouth, which not only corrode and corrupt lin|nen and woollen Cloathes, but any Leather; and every Night for a long time, and for many years mo&s;t mi&s;erably afflict the Patients till their death, and at la&s;t are the cau&s;e thereof. I have &s;een &s;eve|ral &s;uch, and when, to my grief, I never &s;ee any of them Cured either by my &s;elf or others, al|though now and then I have given &s;ome ea&s;e, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t never performed a Cure; and mo&s;t of them do find &s;harp Vapours ari&s;e from the lower parts, which mo&s;t mi&s;erably rack the Head about the Temples; the&s;e cruel rackings are u&s;ually attended with the Flux of a mo&s;t &s;harp humour out of the Mouth whereby the Gumbs and other Parts about the Mouth, are corroded rather then con&s;umed. And &s;uch Per&s;ons are &s;eldom ea&s;ed by Purges, but find more benefit from Anodynes and Narcoticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> Meth. Med. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> and other things, which temper and concentrate &s;harp humors.</P>
<P N="2">II. And as all the &s;orts of Spontaneous Salivation are Symptomatick; &s;o I have frequently ob&s;erved in the&s;e Countries Spontaneous Salivations, but cri|tical ones, and &s;uch as happily rid the Patients of chronical Di&s;ea&s;es. And no wonder, for as all chro|nical Di&s;ea&s;es have their ri&s;e from a tenacious, thick, glutinous and vi&s;cous Phlegm, or at lea&s;t have it joyned with their primary cau&s;e, and the ri&s;e of this &s;ame Humour is mo&s;tly owing to Spittle, &s;o the eva|cuation of it with the Spittle &s;eems more ea&s;ie, &s;ee|ing when it is joyned with the ma&s;s of Blood, it is again &s;eparated from it of its own accord,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> Ibid.</NOTE> that it may be voided with the Spittle.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Scabies,</HI> or the Itch. (<HI>See Book 8.</HI> Habitus vitia.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The way of its Original is not one and the &s;ame. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether bleeding be proper. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging is nece&s;&s;ary, and the Indications for Cure. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be killed, when the Blood is impure. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Blood mu&s;t fir&s;t be purified. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If there be ob&s;tructions, they mu&s;t be removed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A contumacious one gives way to Sudorificks. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yet they are not proper for all. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By an I&s;&s;ue in the right Arm. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Quick-&s;ilver Girdle be dangerous. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pertinacious one gave way to a Mercurial Purge. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by the u&s;e of powder of <HI>Vipers. XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a volatick Itch. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AS to what concerns pu&s;tulous Eruptions, as the Glandulous humour may be depraved &s;everal wayes, &s;o e&s;pecially the&s;e three, and there|fore u&s;ually falls into a coagulative di&s;po&s;ition with the <HI>Serum</HI> that is newly poured out of the Blood. Fir&s;t of all, the Blood it &s;elf being very impure, and al&s;o di&s;&s;olved, leaves its corruption and recre|ments plentifully in the cutaneous Glands, which there a&s;&s;uming the nature of a more corruptive ferment, do ferment and variou&s;ly coagulate with other juices that either come thither or pa&s;s that way, and &s;o produce not only Itches but &s;e|veral &s;orts of Lepro&s;ies. Therefore often and con|&s;tant eating of &s;alt Fi&s;h or Fle&s;h, and dried in the Smoak or the Sun; al&s;o incongruous Drinks and Poy&s;ons, do commonly cau&s;e cutaneous eruptions, and tho&s;e often times horrible ones. Secondly, the humour gathered in the cutaneous Glands; &s;ometimes by mere &s;tagnation becomes not only Itchy, but oftentimes Corruptive, wherefore not only they that have been long kept in Pri&s;on, but al&s;o they that have lived a Sedentary Life, and are u&s;ed to filth and &s;tink, live obnoxious to the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es; ina&s;much as the Cutaneous Liquor be|ing not at all eventilated, is corrupted by mere &s;tagnation, and &s;o obtains the nature of a corrup|tive Ferment, to which moreover an addition of Putrefaction is made by the Blood in like manner
<PB N="548" REF="240"> depraved. Thirdly, if perhaps the&s;e cau&s;es be want|ing, &s;o as the Glandulous humour of the Skin has contracted no fault neither from the Blood, nor from its own &s;tagnation, yet it is certain that the virulent infection communicated from without, does neverthele&s;s render it prolifick as to the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es. This is exceedingly manife&s;t from vul|gar ob&s;ervation, ina&s;much as they that are be&s;t in health, and have as good a Con&s;titution as can be, &s;carce ever &s;leep without harm, in the &s;ame Bed with an Itchy Per&s;on, or where an Itchy Per&s;on has lain, nor only &s;o, but Itchy Per&s;ons Linnen wa&s;hed in the &s;ame wa&s;hing with other mens often impart their infection. Certainly the Infection of no one Di&s;ea&s;e is more ea&s;ily and certainly propa|gated (the Plague only excepted) then this of the Itch.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Whether is Bleeding convenient? The Con|ciliator an&s;wers affirmatively, but with a limitati|on, that is, when the matter of the Itch is yet con|tained within the Body; for when the matter of it is blood mixt with &s;harp humours, it follows that bleeding is a convenient Remedy. Be&s;ides the effect is not taken away till fir&s;t the cau&s;e be removed, which may this way properly be done. Yea, for an Univer&s;al Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch as the Itch is, an Univer&s;al Remedy, &s;uch as letting Blood is, &s;eems convenient. But when nothing more of the peccant humour is in the Veins, there is no need of Bleeding. Di&s;tingui&s;h therefore between the Itch that is already come, which is not increa&s;ed by any further afflux of matter, and one that is but in coming.</P>
<P N="3">III. Two primary Indications occur concerning the Cure of the Itch; The fir&s;t Curatory, which re&s;pects two things, That the Glandulous humour (its corruptive ferment being utterly extinct) may be reduced to a right temper. Secondly, that the Pores and pa&s;&s;ages of the Skin being freed from the Ichorus Concretions, may recover their former &s;trength and thorough pa&s;&s;age. The &s;econd Indi|cation, which is Pre&s;ervatory, has a care of two things; Fir&s;t, to prevent the Impurities and Cor|ruptive Infection of the Itch, as they fall from the Skin (while the ferment is in &s;ubduing) from re|gurgitating into the Blood and Nervous Liquor, and not only from cau&s;ing di&s;orders in them, but moreover (as it is often u&s;ual) from bringing &s;ome more grievous mi&s;chief upon the Brain and Heart; Secondly, to endeavour that the Infection of the Humours and noble Parts fir&s;t contracted from the Itchy matter, while the faults in the Skin are a|mending, may be eradicated. All the&s;e intentions of Cure may be complicated together, by u&s;ing inward and outward Remedies both at once, or they may be u&s;ed fir&s;t one and then another; namely, that the Morbifick matter being di&s;&s;eated, may not be able to run any whither and lye hid in any hole, but may totally be removed out of every corner by Medicines aimed at both in|wardly and outwardly. Therefore Purges ought both to begin and make an end of this method of Cure. Although <HI>Helmont</HI> treats a Cathartick Me|dicine with high di&s;dain, and as it were leads it in Triumph, becau&s;e of it &s;elf it does not Cure the Itch: yet we may affirm, that this Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;carce ever ea&s;ily,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> but never &s;afely Cured, without this &s;ort of Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A certain man, who was troubled with an exceeding Itching, wa&s;hed his Body with an infu|&s;ion of Sublimate: but within a few hours there were Bli&s;ters rai&s;ed all over his Body: in a little while after he was &s;o troubled with faintings and &s;woonings,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 92.</NOTE> that he was very nigh death, but being rubbed with Cordial things, he e&s;caped. &para; A Monk neglecting Univer&s;als, killed the Itch with Oyntments, pre&s;ently upon which defluxions of Salt Humours &s;upervening, and falling upon his Lungs, he &s;pate Blood at times, and at length an Hectick coming upon him he died.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 65.</NOTE> When he was dead his Lungs were found altogether corrupted, and mo&s;t of them hardened into a <HI>Scirrhus.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. He that would Cure the Itch, mu&s;t fir&s;t of all clean&s;e the Blood; for it lodges in the Saline, Vi|triolate, and Aluminous impurities thereof. And <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> and <HI>Vitae, Arcanum Corallinum, Extractum Panchymagogum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> and the like exterging things perform the Cure.</P>
<P N="6">VI. But if there be any Ob&s;truction, it mu&s;t fir&s;t be removed before you purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> without which an inveterate Itch will &s;carce give way.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If the Itch be contumacious and itch very much, &s;weats happily Cure it, given for 20 dayes one after another, rai&s;ed with the white, fixt flowers of Antimony, in a decoction or &s;pirit of <HI>Guaiacum.</HI> Thus I cured a &s;tudent in Phy&s;ick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and a certain <HI>Bohemian.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Yet we mu&s;t ab&s;tain, if the affection come from a hot and dry intemperature of the Liver, for by the admini&s;tration of hot things it grows more efferve&s;cent, a greater adu&s;tion of atrabilarious humours &s;ucceeding. A certain Student being trou|bled with a dry Itch all over him, who&s;e body was of a hot Con&s;titution, by the u&s;e of this decoction; Take of <HI>China, Sal&s;a parilla</HI> each 6 drachms, wood of Sa&s;&s;afras, roots of <HI>Rhodium,</HI> Cichory, <HI>Scorzonera</HI> each 1 ounce, infu&s;e them in 12 pounds of water, boyl half away, was &s;o inflamed all over his Body, that he was forced to de&s;i&s;t from his Cure. Be&s;ides I have ob&s;erved as bad an event of Cure in other Itchy Per&s;ons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augu&s;tinus Thonerus, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>l.</HI> 4.</NOTE> and them that were troubled with the <HI>Lepra Graecorum,</HI> although &s;o great an exce&s;s of hot things were not committed.</P>
<P N="9">IX. A Senator of <HI>&V;lm,</HI> while he tarried at <HI>Geneva,</HI> was infected with the Itch, by the advice of the Phy&s;itians 18 Cupping Gla&s;&s;es were &s;et at one time to divers out parts of his Body. When Mr <HI>M Mulle|rus</HI> was infected with the Itch, while he lived at <HI>Venice,</HI> 24 Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es were by the advice of his Phy&s;icians applied to him, and both of them were made free of their na&s;tine&s;s with good &s;uc|ce&s;s. But though the&s;e Cures &s;ucceeded accord|ing to de&s;ire, neverthele&s;s if any Phy&s;ician &s;hould attempt to go upon &s;uch a proce&s;s of Cure among us, he mu&s;t never expect,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> Ob&s;. 2.</NOTE> that his advice would be followed.</P>
<P N="10">X. When I could Cure the Itch in the hands,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glanderpi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> e&s;pecially in the right, by no Medicines, I took it away by making an I&s;&s;ue in the right Arm.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Empiricks make a Girdle two inches broad of a li&s;t of Cloth, anointed with crude <HI>Mercury</HI> kill|ed the vulgar way, and Hogs-lard, to be girt about the naked Loins, for them that are infected with the Itch; and who would in their Travels be free from Lice. A lu&s;ty Matron of about 40 years old, fat and of a moi&s;t con&s;titution of Body, when in the Month of <HI>February</HI> &s;he had put on &s;uch a Girdle for a &s;mall Itch, and had worn it for three Weeks night and day, &s;he indeed was rid of her Itch, but there followed a Salivation, exulceration of the Gums, heavine&s;s in the Head, which was followed by a Catarrh upon the left &s;ide, and a weakne&s;s of the &s;ame. It is certain this Di&s;ea&s;e came through the abu&s;e of <HI>Mercury,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus. <HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 93.</NOTE> which carried the Humours from the lower parts of the Body to the Head. &para; But <HI>Petraeus in No&s;olog. Harmonic. tom.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 395. &s;ayes, that Mercurial Unguents may be &s;afely and &s;uc|ce&s;sfully u&s;ed in a contumacious Itch, if Univer&s;als be premi&s;ed and the unprofitable and hurtful juice be exterminated the Body, yet &s;uch Topicks mu&s;t not be made up of a ma&s;s of infinite Medicines, for &s;o they will work with better &s;ucce&s;s and quicker effect. The&s;e Mercurial Medicines right|ly prepared, and outwardly applied, are &s;o far from hindring Nature's motion, that they rather precipitate the verminous, putrid, &s;alt and briny humours, which is the rea&s;on why of <HI>Mercury</HI> Sub|limate and live <HI>Mercury,</HI> there comes <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI>
<PB N="549" REF="240"> becau&s;e it has a virtue of changing the temper of, precipitating and al&s;o edulcorating corro&s;ive Salts. And if any Symptomes ari&s;e at any time, they do not &s;o much proceed from the <HI>Mercury,</HI> as from the ma&s;s of ill Humours, and Remedies applied ami&s;s. Therefore <HI>Th. Bartholinus</HI> his Countrey Fellow cured all them with his Girdle, that had got their Bo|dies clear by the frequent u&s;e of Medicines, but he could not &s;ave the Cacochymick from death. This Ru&s;tick tempered <HI>Mercury</HI> with di&s;tilled Oyl of Juniper, and made it into a Ma&s;s, he &s;pread it on a Girdle, and commended it for all Malignant af|fections, Cancers, malignant Ulcers, and Pains in the Limbs. In &s;ome places it is a Cu&s;tome to mix <HI>Arcanum Corallinum</HI> with Oyntment of Ro&s;es in the Pox, and they account the &s;ame an <HI>Arcanum</HI> in a contumacious Itch.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A filthy Itch troubled a young Man, with felons frequently breaking out, of which Ails he could not be cured by Bleeding and &s;everal Pur|ges for Six Months time. At length I gave him 1 &s;cruple of <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> with half a &s;cruple of <HI>Diagridium,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 62.</NOTE> which purged him very well, and with|in a few dayes he was clear.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Reverend Father had contracted a filthy Itch all over his Body for 5 or 6 years, for which he had tried infinite Medicines to no purpo&s;e. I in &s;o contumacious a Di&s;ea&s;e u&s;ed only the Fle&s;h of Vipers: &s;ometimes he eat them boyled in water with a little Salt, and drank the Broth after them: &s;ometimes he had them baked and turned to a Powder, which Powder he u&s;ed with his Meat, together with Sugar, Cinnamon, or other things. In the whole Summer he eat above 160 Vipers: Whereby his Skin was renewed, and he became wholly, as it were another Man: And he that once appeared a very old Man, became as it were, young again, that is &s;tronger then u&s;ual, and fitter to do any bu&s;ine&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Poterius. <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 81.</NOTE> The u&s;e of Vipers is &s;carce ever beneficial under a long time.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. There is a &s;ort of Itch, which <HI>Fallopius</HI> calls Volatick, becau&s;e it &s;eems to fly all over the Skin: It has been certainly ob&s;erved that one has over-run the whole Body in one Night. It is u&s;ually accounted by Phy&s;icians for an Efflore&s;cence of the Blood. How truly the Cure does &s;how, which they are &s;o far from Curing, that on the contrary the Evil has grown &s;tronger and &s;tronger to death, refu&s;ing all Medicines. In this ca&s;e, nece&s;&s;ary pur|ges and &s;weats being premi&s;ed, there is a de&s;ired Secret in the Blood, which comes ju&s;t after delive|ry from the Womb, together with the after-bur|then, where all, or only &s;ome part of it, if namely the place affected be wa&s;hed therewith. This Re|medy is of &s;o great efficacy, that it is &s;eldom ne|ce&s;&s;ary to repeat it, and pre&s;ently the volatick Itch falls off dead. I have with this cured infinite People,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Hartman|nus.</NOTE> who have been infected with a dangerous Itch. Unctions are here not at all convenient.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is very proper, which I experienced in a young man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> who had a great inveterate Itch, and very rough about his Legs, which reached from his Knees to the tip of his Toes; Take Lin&s;eed, beat it with water, lay it on thick, and u&s;e it con|&s;tantly.</P>
<P N="2">2. An excellent Oyntment of Salt of <HI>Saturn</HI> again&s;t the Itch;<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Agricola.</NOTE> Take of <HI>Sal Saturni</HI> 1 ounce, Ma&s;tich half an ounce, Allum 1 drachm, Oyl Olive what is &s;uffi|cient. Mix them, make an Unguent. It quickly heals and dries up the Itch.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Itch is ea&s;ily and plea&s;antly cured with this. Take of Oyl of Ben 3 drachms, Spirit of Salt half a drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petr. Borel|lus.</NOTE> Musk 2 grains, Wax what is &s;ufficient. Make an Unguent.</P>
<P N="4">4. A wonderful Oyntment for the Itch; Take of Turpentine wa&s;hed in Ro&s;e water 3 ounces, Oyl of Ro&s;es 6 drachms, the juice of 3 Oranges, the Yolks of 3 Eggs. Make an Unguent;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tobias Dorncrelliu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> it has been experi|enced in an old and dry Itch; It may al&s;o be allow|ed to be admirable, becau&s;e it expells the Itch by Urine, and makes a Man pi&s;s black Urine every Morning.</P>
<P N="5">5. Take of live Sulphur 2 ounces, Gum Juniper, which Book&s;ellers u&s;e, root of white Hellebore powdered each 2 drachms, juice of Spurge, Oyl of Lin&s;eed each 1 ounce. Beat what &s;hould be beaten very fine, boyl them over the fire into the form of an Unguent, and &s;train them out, ca&s;t away the dregs, and keep the re&s;t for u&s;e. After Bathing anoint the Hams, the in&s;ide of the bending of the Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rodera Fon&s;eca.</NOTE> the Palms of the Hands and Wri&s;ts, under the Arm-pits and Soles of the Feet, rubbing tho&s;e places with &s;tore of Oyntment, and then go into a warm Bed for an hour or two, and let him be anoynted 3 times every other day. I have experienced this Itch in the wor&s;t old Itch that could be.</P>
<P N="6">6. This is an excellent Remedy for the Itch; Take Salt of Tartar purified with Spirit of wine, and di&s;&s;olved in a Cellar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> wald. Grembs.</NOTE> joyn it with Sal Ammoniac and it cures the Itch. If it be mixt with the Tartar till it grow red, it will become more effectual to cure the Itch.</P>
<P N="7">7. Take of green Elecampane half a pound, Hogs|lard 5 ounces. Beat them together, Boyl them on a gentle fire. Make an Unguent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amat. Lu&s;iaan.</NOTE> with which the Pu&s;tules may be anointed. This Unguent is of admirable vertue, &s;o that it operates like an In|chantment.</P>
<P N="8">8. When a certain Matron laboured of a contu|macious Itch, which &s;he had contracted by Contagi|on, I ordered her to take the &s;mall twiggs of Birch (in defect of the leaves) and cut them into &s;hort pieces, but to hew the greater boughs into chips, and to boyl Bark and all in &s;uch a quantity of water, as that &s;he might &s;it in a Tub full of it, up to her Neck, wherein I mixt 2 parts of crude Tar|tar and one part of Nitre;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> with which by God's ble&s;&s;ing, after her Body had been fir&s;t well prepa|red, &s;he was wholly delivered from her Itch.</P>
<P N="9">9. Whey, e&s;pecially of Goats milk is in this ca&s;e very u&s;eful, which indeed in a moi&s;t Itch may be given at fir&s;t with 2 ounces of juice of Ro&s;es, that it may both purge and then for 4 or 5 dayes attenuate. If the Itch be dry, 2 or 3 ounces of juice of Fumitory may be added, or al&s;o 2 ounces of an Emul&s;ion of Melon Seeds, which way it is a mo&s;t efficacious Medicine for the Scab and Itch. &para; This is an experienced Medicine in any Itch; Take the root of &s;harp-pointed Dock-green, of Elecampane green each half a pound, Hogs-lard 3 ounces, beat them in a Morter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> boyl them a little on a gentle fire, then &s;train them out violently, and make an Unguent.</P>
<P N="10">10. This is a mo&s;t excellent Oyntment. Take of the inner yellow rind of black Alder 3 hand|fuls, fre&s;h Butter 1 pound, the be&s;t Wine half a pound.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold Weikardu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> Boyl them to the Con&s;umption of the watry part, &s;train it violently through a linnen Cloth. Keep it for u&s;e, it Cures the Itch admi|rably, e&s;pecially in the younger &s;ort. But the Bo|dy mu&s;t fir&s;t be well purged.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="550" REF="241">
<HEAD><HI>Scorbutus,</HI> or the Scurvy.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Northern People alone are not &s;ubject to it. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blood mu&s;t be taken but in a &s;mall quantity. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Spots appear, a Vein may be breathed. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging mu&s;t be &s;eldome and gradual. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that act by a Specifick virtue mu&s;t be u&s;ed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Heat and Acrimony mu&s;t be corrected. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The juice of Plants is to be preferred before Decoction. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Cure differs not much from the Cure of Hypochondriack Me|lancholy. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sugared things do harm. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many Di&s;ea&s;es are taken for Scorbutick, which are not &s;o. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pre&s;ervatory Method in a Salino-Sulphureous dy&s;cracy. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Sulphureo-Saline. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the Curatory Method for the Scurvy, whereby we oppo&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e and the mo&s;t urgent Symptomes. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the vital Indication, wherein are Comprehended Cordial Medicines, Opiates, and Diet, requi&s;ite in the Scurvy. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. EXperience has taught us, that our Country does not altogether want the Scurvy; for although it be not attended with all the Circum&s;tances, which are reckoned up by Northern Authors, yet it affords &s;ome Symptomes, which are &s;ufficient to e&s;tabli&s;h its nature, many whereof we have ob&s;erved in &s;everal Patients. 1. The fir&s;t and mo&s;t evident &s;ign, the affection of the Mouth, Gumbs, and Teeth: In the Gumbs there is a redne&s;s, itching, putre|faction, bleeding, and &s;tinking &s;mell: which affecti|ons are &s;ometimes communicated to the jawes and palate; and al&s;o to the Teeth, which are found loo&s;e and black. 2. Spots coming in the Arms and Legs. 3. Difficulty of breathing and &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t, by gro&s;s Vapors coming to the Diaphragm, and by the &s;welling of the <HI>Pancreas,</HI> that is filled with &s;ome thick humour. 4. A &s;pontaneous la&s;&s;itude, and heavi|ne&s;s of Body. 5. Various Urines, &s;ometimes thick with a red and thick &s;ediment, without any &s;u&s;pici|on of the Stone; &s;ometimes thin. 6. A weak and unequal Pul&s;e, and almo&s;t formicating. 7. Pains &s;eizing &s;everal parts of the Body, &s;ometimes the Loins, whence it is &s;ometimes called <HI>Lumbago</HI> by &s;ome. 8. Divers hurts of motion, &s;o that &s;ome|times a Pal&s;ie ari&s;es, &s;ometimes Tremulous and Convul&s;ive motions. 9. A Flux, &s;imple, or bloo|dy. 10. A &s;tinking Breath. 11. Frequent &s;hiver|ing, not attended by any Heat. 12. Agues far differing from the Characters of common Agues. 13. Swellings in divers parts of the Body, &s;ome|times hard,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &s;ometimes &s;oft. 14. Extream Atro|phy.</P>
<P N="2">II. This Di&s;ea&s;e, as <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es, admits not of plentiful Bleeding. And if this Di&s;ea&s;e have taken root, and there be a great corruption of the Blood and Cacochym, with no abundance of Blood, and if it hath &s;eized the whole Body, &s;o as that alrea|dy break out, and other external Signs appear in the Body here and there, bleeding mu&s;t not be ventured on, le&s;t, the more pure and &s;ubtil Blood running out, and the more vi&s;cid and thick re|maining in the Veins, the Patient's &s;trength be weakned: But we mu&s;t then rather fall on pre|paring and evacuating the Scorbutick Cacochy|mic.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Many reckon it an unpardonable mi&s;take to let Blood in Scorbutick Spots, being only intent upon Anti-&s;corbuticks, becau&s;e of the Scorbutick malignity, which is held to exclude this generous Remedy. But although Blood-letting be not pro|per for a Scorbutick Malignity of it &s;elf: yet I do not &s;ee why, in the beginning, while &s;trength is yet good, and while the Di&s;ea&s;e has not as yet Infected the whole ma&s;s of Blood, a Vein may not be breathed in the Scurvey by accident, as well as in other Cacochymies; to the end, that part of the ill Blood being taken away, the Body may be relieved, and &s;o the remainder may more ea&s;ily be brought under and conquered; e&s;pecially &s;ince Nature &s;hows the &s;ame, who &s;ometimes in the Scurvy pours out Blood not only by the Hae|morrhoids and <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> but al&s;o by other Veins, as by the No&s;e, Feet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Neverthele&s;s, this Di&s;ea&s;e admits not of large Bleeding,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> but a repetition of it is be&s;t, in &s;everal places, thrice at lea&s;t, but at &s;ome dayes di&s;tance.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As for preparation and purgation, &s;ince the Scurvy will not bear &s;trong purgatives, but is ra|ther exa&s;perated by them, as <HI>Eugalenus</HI> informs us, and all learned Phy&s;icians, being &s;o taught by ex|perience, te&s;tifie, that the bad Humours cannot be evacuated all at once, Gradual purgation is the be&s;t to be in&s;i&s;ted on, &s;o, to wit, that the matter may fir&s;t be prepared and concocted, and the cor|ruption and putrefaction of the Humours may be conquered and re&s;trained, and then gentle purga|tion may be made. And &s;eeing the Scorbutick matter is not all of the &s;ame &s;ub&s;tance, but is mixt of divers humours, we may again come to prepa|ration, and then, if there be need, the prepared Humours may again be evacuated by fit Medi|cines. But if this &s;hould not be ob&s;erved, and purgatives &s;hould be given, while the matter were crude, and the &s;pecifick corruption of the Humours not as yet conquered, the matter being moved and di&s;turbed would produce great anxieties. Yea, it has been ob&s;erved, that &s;everal have recovered without the u&s;e of Purgatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> by u&s;ing of atte|nuating and inciding Anti-&s;corbuticks.</P>
<P N="5">V. It is not for nothing that <HI>Eugalenus</HI> informs us, that &s;everal times Phy&s;icians, otherwi&s;e learn|ed, have laboured in vain in curing this Di&s;ea&s;e, which they under&s;tood not rightly, who without doubt u&s;ed both aperient, alterative, evacuating and &s;trengthening things, but in vain, becau&s;e they under&s;tood not a Scorbutick Cacochymie. For all aperients and alteratives of the Melan|cholick Humour, are not here &s;ufficient; but &s;uch things mu&s;t ever be u&s;ed and mixt withal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> as re|&s;pect the nature of this Humour.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Since divers other Humours abounding in the Body may be mixt with the crude and gro&s;s Humour, that is the cau&s;e of the Scurvy, and they oftentimes cholerick and hot, and &s;ince the Humors detained in the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> do as it were ferment, and grow hot, we mu&s;t have a care, that we exa&s;perate not the Evil by over hot Medi|cines, e&s;pecially in more Southernly Climes, where the Melancholick humour is adu&s;t and approach|ing to the nature of black Choler:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Therefore &s;uch Medicines are not improperly given in Whey.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Authors do well caution us about Medi|cines proper for the Scurvy, that there is grea|ter efficacy in Juices then in Decoctions, which experience te&s;tifies. For they have their efficacy from a volatil Salt, which is di&s;&s;ipated by boyling, and for the mo&s;t part vani&s;hes in drying: But in Juices and Con&s;erves it remains in a manner in|tire. Much le&s;s &s;hould Extracts be preferred: For although no unprofitable ones may be pre|pared out of &s;ome Plants; yet &s;ince their virtue chiefly con&s;i&s;ts in a volatil Salt, it cannot be, but it mu&s;t be wa&s;ted: For this Salt unites it &s;elf with Spirit of Wine, or with whatever other Liquor is u&s;ed in the Extraction, and flies away with it, and &s;o the Body is left de&s;titute of this Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> and in a great mea&s;ure ineffectual.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="551" REF="241">VIII. The &s;ame Cure mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on in this Di&s;ea&s;e, as in Hypochondriack ones, &s;eeing it is bred of the &s;ame humour, but further receding from a natural &s;tate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Therefore for the mo&s;t part it &s;tands in need of more powerful Remedies.</P>
<P N="9">IX. All &s;ugared things are enemies to Scorbu|tick and Hypochondriack per&s;ons, and therefore let us ab&s;tain from the u&s;e of them; for not only as they lye in the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> of Scorbutick Per|&s;ons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Moebius, <HI>In|&s;tit. p.</HI> 522.</NOTE> they turn into dro&s;s near akin to Salts, but according to <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> l. 4. <HI>c.</HI> 9. they are enemies to the Spleen, for they move bile, ferment the Hu|mours and breed Ob&s;tructions in the Bowels. &para; And by the u&s;e of them, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">, that is, <HI>the Spleen is &s;welled and made great.</HI> Wherefore both <HI>Dorncrellius praefat. Di&s;pen&s;at.</HI> and <HI>Greg. Hor&s;tius l.</HI> 7. <HI>Ob&s;ervat.</HI> forbids them Scorbutick Per&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hofmannus,</HI> m. m. p. <HI>348.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. I will tell you freely, that although I do not que&s;tion, but the Scurvey is truly found in the&s;e Northern Parts, yet I am verily per&s;waded, it does not &s;o frequently occurr as is commonly believed: And that many (not to &s;ay mo&s;t) of tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, on who&s;e account we blame the Scurvey, are the effects of Di&s;ea&s;es, that are in breeding, but not yet bred, and which have not as yet put on any certain type, or the unhappy reliques of &s;ome Di|&s;ea&s;e that is not as yet wholly conquered, where|by the Blood and other Humours are tainted; for example, In what bodies any matter, apt to pro|duce the Gout, is newly bred, but not as yet fallen upon the Joynts, divers Symptomes will &s;how them&s;elves, which will give &s;u&s;picion of the Scur|vey, till a Gout now formed, and actually exerting it &s;elf, leave no room for further doubting. What I have &s;aid of the Gout, I would have under&s;tood of the Drop&s;ie, concerning which Di&s;ea&s;e although it be vulgarly &s;aid, Where the Scurvey ends, the Drop&s;ie begins, yet this rule mu&s;t very often be no otherwi&s;e taken, than that as &s;oon as ever the Drop|&s;ie &s;hows it &s;elf by manife&s;t &s;igns, then the pre|conceived opinion of the Scurvy immediately falls to the ground. The &s;ame may be &s;aid of very ma|ny other chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, which are but grow|ing, and which therefore have not formed them|&s;elves any type, or of them al&s;o, which although they be partly got away, yet they &s;eem not to be wholly conquered and exterminated. And indeed, unle&s;s we allow this, the name of the Scurvy, as it now goes, will encrea&s;e va&s;tly, and will &s;erve for almo&s;t all Di&s;ea&s;es. Whereas if we would make it our bu&s;ine&s;s, to &s;earch narrowly into the inwards of every Di&s;ea&s;e, and bring it from behind the Veil of irregular Symptomes, it would pre&s;ently &s;how its nature, and might ea&s;ily be placed in that family, to which it belongs. And the method whereby &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es &s;hould be driven away, ought not to be accommodated to the&s;e counterfeit Symptomes, but to the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, whatever it is, as perfectly formed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> and then actually exi&s;ting.</P>
<P N="11">XI. As for the Cure of the Scurvy, &s;ince not on|ly one &s;imple preternatural affection; but a legion of &s;uch mu&s;t be forced away; therefore the method of Cure ought to touch upon manifold Indications, and tho&s;e variou&s;ly complicated, and &s;ubordinate, which yet I have thought good after the vulgar manner to reduce to the&s;e three heads, namely as they are pre&s;ervatory, which re&s;pect and remove the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and Curatory, which re|move the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf and its Symptomes, and la&s;tly vital, which maintain and re&s;tore the &s;trength and Spirits of the Patient. At the beginning of the Cure we ought to aim at the cau&s;e of the Di|&s;ea&s;e; for when it, like the root, is cut or pulled up, pre&s;ently the &s;tock, boughs and fruit wither a|way. Since therefore we have &s;hown that the cau&s;e of the Scurvey is founded upon a Dy&s;cra&s;ie in the Blood, to wit, either Sulphureo-Saline, or Sali|no-Sulphureous, we mu&s;t do our endeavour, that the Dy&s;cra&s;ie of either nature may be amended: To this purpo&s;e, Fir&s;t, Impediments mu&s;t be re|moved, and then the Primary intention mu&s;t be put in execution, for both which ends Remedies are taken from Diet, Surgery and Pharmacy. As to Diet, a &s;pecial cour&s;e of it &s;hall be appointed be|low; in the mean time we will proceed to the re&s;t. The reduction of the Blood to a due temper by ap|propriate Medicines is e&s;pecially hindred for the&s;e two rea&s;ons, that is, Fir&s;t, becau&s;e it is continually furni&s;hed with a &s;tore of bad nutritious Juice; Then Secondly the recrements that are bred in it, are not &s;ufficiently voided by the proper emuncto|ries. There we mu&s;t take care that the work of Chylification may be performed aright in the fir&s;t wayes, then that the vaporous recrements may be purged away by Tran&s;piration, the &s;erous by the Kidneys and Lymphaeducts, the bilious by the Gall|bladder, the atrabilarious by the Spleen, and others of what kind &s;oever they be, by their proper emunctories. Then, when the&s;e offices are rightly performed, we mu&s;t endeavour to reduce the Dy&s;|cra&s;ie of the Blood, by &s;pecifick Medicines, and e&s;pecially &s;uch as have a volatil Salt in them. The Remedies that re&s;pect each of the&s;e intentions may be complicated together, and ought to be u&s;ed both at once, but in what manner and modes of admini&s;tration, we mu&s;t yet more particularly &s;how. 1. We mu&s;t have a care that Chylification be right|ly performed in the fir&s;t ways, that the load of Excrementitious matter gathered there may be ca&s;t off, that the de&s;troyed or depraved ferments may be re&s;tored, that the pa&s;&s;ages and pores that are any ways &s;topt or ob&s;tructed, may be opened. To the&s;e ends Cathartick, dige&s;tive and aperient Me|dicines are de&s;igned. 2. That the excrements ga|thered in the ma&s;s of Blood, when they are not &s;ufficiently di&s;charged by their proper emuncto|ries, may now and then be carried off by other ways, mo&s;t convenient. For this matter Cathar|ticks, Diaphoreticks, and Diureticks are conveni|ent. 3. That the Scorbutick Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood may be amended by Phlebotomy and Speci|fick Remedies. Wherefore that the whole of pre|&s;ervatory Indication may be reduced in &s;hort, I &s;hall comprehend the Pharmaceutick <HI>apparatus</HI> in narrow terms, that is, as it con&s;i&s;ts of Catharticks, Dige&s;tives and Anti&s;corbuticks, to which Phleboto|my may be added, as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion. And I &s;hall give &s;ome forms or pre&s;criptions, and al&s;o the manner of u&s;ing them. If the Stomach (as it is u&s;ually) being loaden with a &s;ower or nidorous vi&s;cid matter, have an inclination to throw off the filth thereof by reaching and vomiting, and if the Patient have been able formerly to bear &s;uch eva|cuation well enough, nothing hinders, &s;o the &s;trength be not too much wa&s;ted, the giving of a Vomit. To the &s;tronger an infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Me|tallorum,</HI> or <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> or <HI>Tartarus emeticus Myn&s;ichti,</HI> or <HI>Sulphur Antimonii Glauberi</HI> may be given. They that are of a weak con&s;titution, and tender, may take <HI>vinum &s;cilliticum,</HI> or <HI>Gilla Theophra&s;ti;</HI> upon which given in a &s;mall do&s;e, they may drink a large quan|tity of whey, and when the Stomach is filled till they reach, they may put their Finger or a Fea|ther in their Throat, and they will vomit ea&s;ily, and it may be repeated as often as they li&s;t. By this way of vomiting, the mere contents of the Stomach, being clean&s;ed from its folds, are di&s;|charged: nor are painful or convul&s;ive twitchings; or &s;wooning (which are u&s;ually cau&s;ed by Stybia|tes) rai&s;ed in the Bowels thereabout, or in the Membranes. I have advi&s;ed them, who&s;e Stomach becau&s;e of bad dige&s;tion, ea&s;ily gathers a load of Phlegm or of &s;ome other degenerate matter, (and often with good &s;ucce&s;s) to take &s;uch a Vomit once a Month, as being both &s;afe and whol&s;ome. Where there is no room for a Vomit, we mu&s;t be|gin with purging; at lea&s;t after the interpo&s;ition
<PB N="552" REF="242"> of a few days this evacuation mu&s;t &s;ucceed the for|mer. What is commonly inculcated by Authors concerning preparation of the Humours, I either reckon it needle&s;s, or, the circulation of the Blood being not under&s;tood, wholly erroneous: but in|&s;tead of this intention, things that re&s;tore the fer|ments of the Bowels, and alter the frame of the Blood, may be u&s;ed in their &s;tead: &s;o as in the mean time the filth of the fir&s;t ways, and the re|crementitious &s;uperfluities of both the Sanguineous and Nervous Liquor may be di&s;charged; Fir&s;t a gentle purge may be given, and afterwards ac|cording to the &s;trength of the Patient it may either be repeated once a Week or oftener or &s;eldomer; and the &s;trength of the Medicine may be propor|tioned according to the &s;ucce&s;s of the fir&s;t Do&s;e. If the con&s;titution of the Patient be hot, and the Scurvy appear to be founded, in an adu&s;t, that is, a Sulphureo-&s;aline Dy&s;cra&s;y of the Blood, all alo&euml;|ticks and diagrydiates mu&s;t be avoided, and only more temperate Medicines made of <HI>Senna,</HI> Rheu|barb, and &s;uch like, which do not di&s;turb the Blood and Humours, mu&s;t be given. For Pills, Take of leaves of Senna 1 ounce, Rheubarb 6 drachms, Dod|der of time 3 drachms, Root of Polypody of the Oak, Engli&s;h Rheubarb dried each half an ounce, yellow Saunders 2 drachms, Celtick Spike half a drachm, Salt of Wormwood 2 drachms. Being &s;hred and brui&s;ed, let them be dige&s;ted in a body in &s;and with White wine and Fumitory water each 1 pound (or with 2 pounds of our magi&s;terial An|ti&s;corbutick water) for 2 days, let the clear cola|ture be evaporated in a gentle heat in <HI>Balneo,</HI> to the con&s;i&s;tence of Honey, then add of the powder of leaves of <HI>Senna,</HI> Rheubarb each 1 drachm and an half. Species diatri&ohgr;n &s;antal&ohgr;n 1 drachm, Cream of Tartar 1 drachm and an half. Make a ma&s;s for Pills. The do&s;e from half a drachm to a whole one. Or &s;uch an infu&s;ion may be made, and eva|porated with a gentle heat to the con&s;i&s;tency of a Syrup, adding towards the latter end of clarified Manna and white&s;t Sugar each 2 drachms. Make a Syrup. The Do&s;e is a &s;poonful or two in &s;ome con|venient vehicle. Or 4 or 6 drachms of the &s;aid Tincture may be given for a Do&s;e, adding cream of Tartar half a drachm, and if it want &s;weetning, Syrup of Apples 3 drachms. Or 6 drachms of pickt Corinths may be put in the fore&s;aid Tincture, let them be dige&s;ted hot, till the Corinths &s;well, which being taken out, the Liquor may be evapo|rated to the con&s;i&s;tency of a Syrup, adding of Su|gar and clarified <HI>Manna</HI> each 1 ounce and a half. Then put in the Corinths again, and keep the Me|dicine in a Gla&s;s bottle well &s;topt. The Do&s;e is a &s;poonful or two. Or, to the fore&s;aid Tincture evaporated half away add of fre&s;h <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Pulp of Tamarinds drawn with anti&s;corbutick water each 3 ounces con&s;erve of Violets, Damask Ro&s;es each 2 ounces. <HI>Pulvis &s;ennae compo&s;itus major</HI> 1 drachm, pow|der of Rheubarb half an ounce, Cream of Tartar, <HI>Species diatri&ohgr;n Santal&ohgr;n</HI> each 2 drachms. Let them be well mixt in a Mortar till they be reduced in|to the form of an Electuary. The Do&s;e is about the quantity of a Walnut, more or le&s;s, accord|ing to the &s;ucce&s;s in Operation. They who&s;e queazy Stomach does not admit Medicines, but in a &s;mall quantity and an elegant form, may take this; Take of Re&s;ine of Scammony from 4 grains to 8, Cream of Tartar half a &s;cruple, Celtick Spike 6 grains, mix them, make a powder. Give it in a &s;poonful of Panada, or make it into Pills. If they that are &s;ick of the Scurvy, be of a cold con&s;tituti|on, and the Di&s;ea&s;e appear to be founded in a ni|tro-&s;ulphureous di&s;po&s;ition, like roapy Wines, &s;harp Catharticks and &s;uch as have hot particles may be given them; Take of <HI>Pil. Stomach. cum Gum.</HI> 2 drachms, re&s;ine of Jalap 20 grains, <HI>Tartarum vi|t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iolatum</HI> 16 grains, Oyl of Juniper half a &s;cruple. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Gum Ammoniac di&s;|&s;olved in <HI>aqua lumbricorum</HI> make 16 Pills. Take 4 at a time, once in a Week. Or, Take of <HI>Pilul. Tar|tar. Bontii</HI> 1 drachm and an half, Re&s;in of Jalap 12 grains, Salt of Tartar half a &s;cruple, with a &s;uffici|ent quantity of <HI>Syrupus Augu&s;tanus</HI> make 12 Pills. Or, Take of <HI>Extract. Pil. Ruffi</HI> 1 drachm, Extract of black Hellebore 1 &s;cruple, Salt of Tartar half a drachm, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Gum Ammoniack di&s;|&s;olved, make 9 Pills. Take 3 for a Do&s;e. Take of leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> 1 ounce, Rheubarb 6 drachms, Me|choacan, Turbith, Gum, each half an ounce, fibres of black Hellebore 3 drachms, Salt of Tartar 2 oun|ces, yellow Sanders 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Winter</HI> bark 2 drachms. Being &s;hred and brui&s;ed, let them be dige&s;ted in 2 pounds of white Wine for 2 days. Make a clear colature without expre&s;&s;ion, and ei|ther let 6 ounces of it be taken by it &s;elf, or let it be reduced into an Extract, or Syrup, or Electua|ry as the Tincture de&s;cribed above, adding of <HI>Pulvis Arthriticus</HI> or <HI>Dia&s;enna</HI> a &s;ufficient quantity, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or, &s;uch a Tincture as this may be made, which may be given to &s;trong men, to the quantity of a &s;poon|ful or a &s;poonful and an half; Take of Salt of Tar|tar 1 ounce, &s;mall &s;pirit of Wine 1 pound and an half. Let them be dige&s;ted till it grow yellow, Then when it is poured off the dreggs, infu&s;e there|in of leaves of black Hellebore &s;teeped in Vinegar 1 ounce, yellow Sanders 1 drachm, the yellow rind of Oranges 1 drachm and an half. Make a hot and clo&s;e dige&s;tion for 3 dayes. Let the clear colature be di&s;tilled in <HI>Balneo</HI> to half, and let the remaining Liquor be kept for u&s;e. Or, Take of the root of &s;harp pointed Dock, Polypody of the Oak, Nettle, Chervil, each 6 drachms, leaves of Eupatory, Speed|well, each 1 handful, Sanders white and yellow each 1 drachm and an half, <HI>Carthamus</HI> 1 ounce, Tar|tar of white Wine half an ounce, boyl them in 2 pounds and an half of Spring-water to half. Add of Rheni&s;h wine 1 pound, and let it be pre&s;ently &s;trained, To which put of the be&s;t Senna half an ounce, Rheubarb 6 drachms, leaves of black Helle|bore half an ounce, the yellow of Oranges two drachms, Make a clo&s;e and warm infu&s;ion for 12 hours. Let the Colature be kept in a Gla&s;s &s;topt. The Do&s;e from 5 drachms to 6. Within 4 or 5 dayes they may be repeated, as occa&s;ion &s;hall re|quire. Too often and violent purging de&s;troys the &s;trength, &s;poils the Bowels, and in the mean time removes not the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>After once or twice purging, if bleeding be in|dicated, let it be done in the Arm, or in the Hae|morrhoid Veins by Leeches: It is not much mat|ter which Vein is opened, for the opening of the <HI>Salvatella</HI> is not of &s;uch moment, as is commonly be|lieved. All the tedious controver&s;ies among Au|thors about bleeding the Jecorary, or Cephalick, or any other, which &s;hould be be&s;t, are at an end, &s;ince the Circulation of the Blood is known. Phle|botomy is indicated by the plenty and badne&s;s of Blood, which it is better to take away in &s;mall quantities at &s;everal times, than to take a great deal at once. For when the Sanguineous Liquor becomes very impure, it is more certainly amend|ed by no &s;ort of Remedy, than by letting of it of|ten and in a &s;mall quantity: becau&s;e as often as the old corrupt Blood is taken away, new, which is better and more pure &s;ucceeds. In the interim care mu&s;t be had, that it be not taken away in too great a quantity at once; for when its &s;tore is ha|&s;tily dimini&s;hed, &s;anguification fails, &s;o that a Drop|&s;ie or Cachexy follows.</P>
<P>Therefore &s;ince the greate&s;t pains in Phy&s;ick &s;hould be be&s;towed upon eradicating the cau&s;e of the Scurvy e&s;pecially and upon its own account; for this end, moreover Dige&s;tives and Specifick Remedies, or Anti&s;corbuticks, as we intimated but now, mu&s;t be u&s;ed at all times, except the purging dayes, to which, if there be need, Dia|phoreticks or Diureticks may be added. There
<PB N="553" REF="242"> are in Authors many &s;orts of Receipts of Medi|cines, that perform the&s;e Intentions. I have a mind here to recite &s;ome of the choice&s;t, which I have thought good to di&s;tingui&s;h into two Cla&s;&s;es, ac|cording to the twofold nature of the Scorbutick cau&s;e, namely, the Sulphureo-Saline, and the Sali|no Sulphureous Dy&s;cra&s;ie; and fir&s;t of all, I &s;hall treat of tho&s;e that are proper for the latter &s;ort of Di&s;temper, that is, where need is of Medicines en|dued with a certain incitation, and very full of vo|latil Salt.</P>
<P>Dige&s;tive Remedies, which re&s;tore the ferment of the Stomach, and help the functions of it and other parts &s;erving for chylification; and Anti&s;cor|buticks or Specificks, which remove the Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood, are either joyned in the &s;ame com|po&s;ition, or at lea&s;t are taken &s;ucce&s;&s;ively on the &s;ame day. Among Dige&s;tive Medicines there are ju&s;tly reckoned, Cream of Tartar, &s;alt and tincture of Cry&s;tal, <HI>Tartarus Vitriolatus, Chalybeatus, Elixir proprie|tatis, Mixtura &s;implex.</HI> The u&s;e of any of the&s;e twice aday does much good. Moreover, you may ea&s;i|ly mix magi&s;terial Tinctures and Elixirs, of divers &s;orts, both dige&s;tive and appropriate to the Scurvy, with the two following <HI>Men&s;trua;</HI> Take of rectified Spirit of Vitriol 6 ounces, alkali&s;ate Spirit of Wine 16 ounces. Mix them and di&s;till them in a Gla&s;s retort, with 3 Cohobations. Keep it for u&s;e in a Gla&s;s well &s;topped. <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> is better made and more ea&s;ily, with the &s;aid Men&s;truum, than the common way. Take of Winter Bark, <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> le&s;&s;er Galangal root each 2 drachms, Cinna|mon, Cloves, Cubebs each 1 drachm, Seed of Bi|&s;hopsweed, Cre&s;&s;es each half a drachm. When they are brui&s;ed pour on them the fore&s;aid <HI>Men|&s;truum</HI> till it &s;tand 3 Inches above. Dige&s;t them in a body in a &s;and Furnace 6 dayes. Keep the Co|lature in a Gla&s;s well &s;topt. The Do&s;e is 20 drops in Canary or &s;ome proper Liquor, twice a day. Take of the white&s;t Amber, Gum Ivie, <HI>Carannae, Taca|mahacae,</HI> each 1 drachm, Saffron half a drachm, Cloves, Nutmeg each 2 &s;cruples. When they are brui&s;ed pour on them the fore&s;aid <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> and draw the Tincture according to art. The Do&s;e is 20 drops as before. Take of blew Salt of Tartar 4 ounces, dige&s;t it in a body with 1 pound of Al|kali&s;ate Spirit of Wine to the extraction of the Tincture. This may be another <HI>Men&s;truum,</HI> with which you may make Elixirs out of Gums, Spices, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in the &s;ame manner as you did with the former <HI>Men&s;truum.</HI></P>
<P>While the&s;e &s;ort of Medicines are given Evening and Morning, another &s;ort of Medicines that are Anti&s;corbutick mu&s;t be given at medical hours, that is, at eight before noon, and four after, which for the mo&s;t part we give in a &s;olid and liquid form together, taking the &s;olid fir&s;t and drinking the liquid upon it. There are &s;everal forms and com|po&s;itions of both &s;orts.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>ELECT&V;ARIES.</HEAD>
<P>Take of con&s;erve of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Roman Worm|wood, Fumitory, each 2 ounces, powder of <HI>Win|ter</HI>'s Bark, root of Angelica, Wake Robin each 2 drachms, <HI>Species diatri&ohgr;n Santal&ohgr;n</HI> 1 drachm and an half, powder of Crabs Eyes 1 drachm, &s;alt of Wormwood 2 drachms. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Citron rind make an Electuary. Take of the Con&s;erve of Scurvy-gra&s;s leaves, Brooklime, made with an equal quantity of Sugar, each 3 ounces, Troches of Capers, of Rhubarb, each 2 drachms, &s;alt of Wormwood, Scurvy-gra&s;s each 1 drachm. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Juice of Scurvy gra&s;s make an Electuary. I u&s;ual|ly pre&s;cribe Con&s;erves of the outer Peels of Le|mons and Oranges, of the purple flowers of the A&s;h-Tree, of the flowers and leaves of Lady-&s;mock, of the root of &s;harp pointed Dock and <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Rhu|barb, made with an equal quantity of Sugar, which being mixt either among them&s;elves or with other Con&s;erves and Powders, may go to the making up of &s;uch Electuaries as the&s;e. Take of the Con|&s;erve of the yellow of Oranges, of Lemons, of flowers of A&s;h each 2 ounces, root of <HI>Contrayerva</HI> 1 drachm and an half, le&s;&s;er Galangal half a drachm, root of Aron 2 drachms, <HI>Species Aromat. Ro&s;at.</HI> 1 drachm, &s;alt of Wormwood 2 drachms. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Nutmegs make an Electuary. The Do&s;e of the&s;e Medicines is about the quantity of a Nutmeg, drinking &s;ome appro|priate Liquor upon it. For Country people and the poorer &s;ort, who de&s;ire Medicines ea&s;ie to be had and cheap, I pre&s;cribe in this manner. Take of leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Brooklime each 4 ounces, the white&s;t Sugar 8 ounces. Pound them together in a Mortar, adding of powder of <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark half an ounce, Tartar calcined with Nitre three drachms. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Canary make an Electuary. The Do&s;e is, the quantity of a Walnut every day twice, drinking &s;ome appro|priate Liquor upon it. Take of Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s 1 pound, &s;toned Rai&s;ins, the white&s;t Sugar each half a pound, <HI>faecula</HI> of Hor&s;e-rhadi&s;h root 2 drachms. Pound them together in a Mortar, and reduce them into the form of an Electuary. The Do&s;e is the quantity of a Walnut twice or thrice a day.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>CONFECTIONS.</HEAD>
<P>Take of <HI>Pulvis Ari Compo&s;itus</HI> 1 ounce, powder of <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark half an ounce, <HI>Species diatri&ohgr;n &s;antal&ohgr;n,</HI> trochi&s;cs of Capers each 2 drachms, &s;alt of Worm|wood, Scurvy-gra&s;s each 1 drachm and an half, candied Orange Peel 3 ounces. Pound them to|gether in a Mortar. Then add of the white&s;t Su|gar di&s;&s;olved in a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>aqua lumbri|corum</HI> 3 ounces. Make a Confection according to Art. Take of candied Eringo and <HI>Scorzonera</HI> root each 2 drachms, pre&s;erved Walnuts, Myrobalans each N^o. 2. Electuary of Sa&s;&s;aphras 6 drachms, powder of Cubebs, Cardamum each 2 drachms, powder of root of Zedoary, <HI>Angelica,</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, Salt of Wormwood 2 drachms. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Walnuts make a Confection. Take of the powder of root of <HI>China,</HI> wood of <HI>Sa&s;&s;aphras</HI> each half an ounce, yellow and white Sanders each 2 drachms, &s;eed of Rocket, Cubebs, Cre&s;&s;es, Granes of Paradi&s;e each 1 drachm and an half, Species <HI>Dialaccae,</HI> powder of Cinnamon, Orrice, le&s;&s;er Galangale each 1 drachm, &s;alt of Wormwood 2 drachms, Con&s;erve of the yellow of Orange, and <HI>Saccharum antho&s;atum</HI> di&s;&s;olved in a &s;ufficient quantity of Snail-water 3 drachms. Make a Confection according to Art. The Do&s;e is the quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day, drinking &s;ome appropriate Liquor upon it. In &s;ome ca&s;es of the Scurvy, where the u&s;e of &s;teel is indicated, either 3 drachms of Steel prepared with Sulphur, or 2 drachms of Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> may be added to any of the&s;e pre&s;criptions, either Confection or Ele|ctuary; and after taking the Medicine once or twice a day, the Body may be exerci&s;ed accord|ing to its &s;trength.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>POWDERS.</HEAD>
<P>Take of <HI>Pulvis Ari Compo&s;itus</HI> 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Winter</HI>'s Bark half an ounce, Cubebs, Granes of Paradi&s;e, Cardamome each 2 drachms, Salt of Wormwood 3 drachms, Lozenges of Oranges 3 ounces. Make a powder according to Art. The Do&s;e 1 drachm in an appropriate Liquor. To the fore&s;aid powder add of the Kernel of the Indian
<PB N="554" REF="243"> Nut <HI>Cacao</HI> half a pound. Reduce it into a Ma&s;s or Pa&s;te in a hot Mortar. The Do&s;e is about two drachms, as you take Chocolate, that is boyled in Spring water wherein Ro&s;emary leaves, or <HI>Scor|zonera</HI> root, or &s;havings of Ivory or Hartshorn have been boyled.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>PILLS.</HEAD>
<P>They that like Medicines in a &s;mall Do&s;e and in the form of a Pill. Take of root of Virginian Snakeweed, <HI>Contrayerva</HI> each 2 drachms, <HI>Winter</HI>'s Bark, Cubebs, Rocket &s;eed each 3 drachms, &s;alt of Wormwood, Scurvy-gra&s;s each 1 drachm and an half, extract or Rob of Juniper half an ounce. With as much Syrup of Nutmeg as is &s;ufficient, make it into Pills. The Do&s;e is 4 Pills twice a day with &s;ome appropriate Liquor.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>LOZENGES.</HEAD>
<P>For the more delicate, Lozenges or Sweet meats may be pre&s;cribed in this manner. Take of pow|der of <HI>Winter</HI>'s Bark, Crabs Eyes each 1 drachm and an half, powder of Pearl half a drachm, white&s;t Sugar di&s;&s;olved in a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>aqua lum|bricorum,</HI> and boyled up for Lozenges 6 ounces, Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s 2 drachms. Make Lozenges according to Art, each of which mu&s;t weigh half a drachm. Let him take about 1 drachm drinking &s;ome appropriate Liquor upon it.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Ora<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ge Lozenges &s;old by the Apothecaries in <HI>OXFORD.</HI></HEAD>
<P>Take of Peel of Oranges, Lemons, Citrons can|died, each 1 ounce, Eringo root candied half an ounce, Pine and Pi&s;tachio Nuts each N^o. 20. Sweet Almonds blanched N^o. 10. Powder of Anni&s;eed half an ounce, candied Ginger 2 ounces, <HI>Species Aromat. Ro&s;at.</HI> Nutmeg each 1 drachm and an half. Root of Galangale 1 drachm, Cloves N^o. 10. Am|bergrea&s;e 4 grains, Musk, Civet each 2 grains, the white&s;t Sugar di&s;&s;olved in Ro&s;e water, and boyled up for Lozenges 1 pound and an half. Make Lozenges according to Art. Thus much for Me|dicines that u&s;e to be given to Scorbutick Per&s;ons in a &s;olid form, or a thick &s;ub&s;tance. And that they may do the more good, and be carried more ea&s;ily into the Ma&s;s of Blood, liquid Medicines for the mo&s;t part are pre&s;cribed to be drunk upon them; the mo&s;t u&s;ual forms whereof follow.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>1. <HI>Decoctions.</HI></HEAD>
<P>Although Decoctions be the mo&s;t familiar &s;ort of Medicine, yet they are rarely u&s;ed in the Scur|vy, becau&s;e Simples, which are e&s;pecially proper for this Di&s;ea&s;e, as Scurvy-gra&s;s, Brooklime, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> lo&s;e their virtue, which they receive from their volatil Salt, by boyling. Neverthele&s;s, becau&s;e Medicines are ea&s;ily and quickly prepared this way, they may &s;ometime be admitted. And be|&s;ides experience te&s;tifies, that &s;ome of them have been effectual. This ea&s;ie Medicine is commended by &s;everal Authors for Country People and the poor; Take of leaves of Water Cre&s;&s;es 3 hand|fuls, the le&s;&s;er Sorrel 2 handfuls. Let them be &s;hred, and &s;teeped in 6 pounds of Milk and boyl|ed to the con&s;umption of a third Part. Let 6 or 8 ounces be taken twice a day. The Decoction of Wormwood is commended by <HI>Eugalenus</HI> and others. I have often tried the following Remedy with good &s;ucce&s;s; Take of tops of Broom 3 hand|fuls, let them be cut &s;mall and boyled in three pounds of &s;trong Beer to half. Let 2 or 3 ounces be given twice a day.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>2. <HI>Infu&s;ions.</HI></HEAD>
<P>An Infu&s;ion added to the Decoction makes a mo&s;t excellent Medicine; Take of root of <HI>Scorzo|nera,</HI> Chervil each 1 ounce, leaves of Agrimony, Ground-pine each half an handful, burnt Harts|horn 2 drachms, Rai&s;ins half an handful, boyl them in 3 pounds of Spring-water to the con&s;umption of a third part. Add of Rheni&s;h Wine half a pound, and pre&s;ently &s;train it into a Gla&s;s Ve&s;&s;el, to which put leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Brooklime, brui&s;ed, each half a handful, Orange peel candied and cut &s;mall half an ounce: Make a clo&s;e and warm In|fu&s;ion for 6 hours. Let the Colature be kept in Bottles &s;topt. The Do&s;e is 6 ounces twice a day after a &s;olid Medicine. Take of Whey made with white Wine or Sider 1 pound and an half, let there be boyled in it of Burdock root, Eringo root can|died, each 6 drachms, pre&s;erved Juniper berries half an ounce. Let the Liquor be boyled to the con&s;umption of a third part, and &s;trained into a Flagon, in which put leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Brook|lime each 1 handful. Make a hot and clo&s;e Infu|&s;ion for 6 hours. The Do&s;e is half a pound twice a day, after a &s;olid Medicine. Al&s;o Infu&s;ions made by them&s;elves are &s;ometimes of excellent u&s;e. Take of Scurvy-gra&s;s 1 handful, &s;havings of Hor&s;e-rhadi&s;h root half an handful, <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark brui&s;ed 2 drachms. Let them be put in a Gla&s;s with white Wine or Syder and Scurvy-gra&s;s water each 1 pound. Make an Infu&s;ion in a Cellar for 2 or 3 dayes, The Do&s;e is 6 or 8 ounces twice a day, as before.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>3. <HI>Juices and Expre&s;&s;ions.</HI></HEAD>
<P>The mo&s;t commendable way of u&s;ing Anti&s;cor|butick Herbs or Fruits is, to take the Juices and Expre&s;&s;ions of them by them&s;elves, or with &s;ome other proper Liquors twice or thrice a day: for &s;o it is pre&s;umed, the virtue of the Medicine is given intire and untainted. Take of Water-Cre&s;|&s;es, Brooklime each 3 handfuls, when they are brui&s;ed, &s;train out the juice, keep it in a Gla&s;s &s;topt. The Do&s;e is from an ounce and an half to 3 ounces, twice a day in a draught of Beer, Wine, or di&s;tilled water. Take of leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s 4 handfuls, Wood-&s;orrel 2 handfuls. When they are brui&s;ed, and the juice &s;trained out, it quickly grows clear, when it is &s;topt up in a Gla&s;s: for the &s;owerne&s;s of the Wood-&s;orrel precipitates the gro&s;&s;er parts of the Scurvy-gra&s;s. The &s;ame &s;uc|ceeds if the juice of Orange be mixt with the juice of Scurvy-gra&s;s. The Do&s;e is 2 or 3 ounces twice a day. Take of Scurvy-gra&s;s 4 handfuls, Brook|lime, water-Cre&s;&s;es each 2 handfuls, long Pepper 3 drachms, &s;havings of Hor&s;e-rhadi&s;h 2 ounces. Put them all in a glazed pot, with 2 pounds of Rheni&s;h wine, or, if you had rather, Spani&s;h: &s;top the mouth of it well, and let them &s;tand for 2 dayes in a cool Cellar. Then make a &s;trong ex|pre&s;&s;ion. The Do&s;e is 3 ounces twice a day after a &s;olid Medicine. Take of Scurvy-gra&s;s 3 hand|fulls, Brooklime, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Wood-&s;or|rel each 1 handful. When they are brui&s;ed pour to them Snail and Worm water each 6 oun|ces. Make a &s;trong Expre&s;&s;ion, which mu&s;t be kept in a Gla&s;s &s;topt. The Do&s;e is 2 ounces twice a day.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="subsection">
<PB N="555" REF="243">
<HEAD>4. <HI>Syrups.</HI></HEAD>
<P>Syrups are not &s;o well approved on in the Scur|vy for the &s;ame rea&s;on as Decoctions, for as much, to wit, as the virtue of the mo&s;t efficacious &s;im|ples evaporates in boyling: yet becau&s;e &s;ome may have occa&s;ion for &s;uch a Medicine, to &s;weeten &s;ome appropriate Liquors, I will here propo&s;e our pre|paration, re&s;erving as much as may be, the virtue of the Ingredients. Therefore take of the leaves of Garden Scurvy-gra&s;s 6 handfuls, the Peels of 4 Oranges and of two Lemons, &s;haven thin, &s;having of Hor&s;e-radi&s;h half an handful, powder of long Pep|per 3 drachms. When they are all brui&s;ed toge|ther, &s;train out the juice, which being put up in a Gla&s;s well &s;topt, let it be &s;et in a cool Cellar, till it clarifie by &s;ettling, then let the clear Liquor be poured off by inclination into another Gla&s;s, and being clo&s;e &s;topt let it be kept in <HI>Balneo Ma|riae,</HI> in the mean time for each ounce take an ounce and an half of Sugar; and let the whole quantity be di&s;&s;olved in <HI>aqua lumbricorum</HI> and boyl|ed up fit for Lozenges; to which by and by let the fore&s;aid Liquor be poured hot by degrees, and mixt with a <HI>Spatula.</HI> As &s;oon as it is incor|porated, let the compo&s;ition be taken from the Fire, and when it is cold, let it be put in a Gla&s;s. Let this Bag be hung in the Gla&s;s; Take of Cin|namon brui&s;ed 1 drachm and an half, &s;eed of Cre&s;&s;es, Rocket powdered each 1 drachm. Mix them.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="5" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>5. <HI>Di&s;tilled Waters.</HI></HEAD>
<P>Di&s;tilled waters, becau&s;e they are a neat and a plea&s;ant Remedy, have the greate&s;t &s;hare in making up Anti&s;corbutick pre&s;criptions. There are &s;ome &s;uch very u&s;eful and curious Remedies in our Di&s;|pen&s;atory, &s;uch as <HI>Aqua Raphani compo&s;ita lumbricorum,</HI> and <HI>limacum Magi&s;tralis.</HI> Be&s;ides famous receipts of &s;uch waters given us by <HI>Quercetan, Dorncrellius, Sen|nertus, Doringius</HI> and other Authors. Moreover it is very ea&s;ie for any Phy&s;ician to pre&s;cribe &s;uch Receipts, proper for every Patient's condition, according to the occa&s;ion: For there are in them Anti&s;corbutick Ingredients, and moreover &s;uch things as re&s;pect &s;ome particular accidents and Di&s;ea&s;es, to which, when they are &s;hred and brui|&s;ed, &s;ome convenient Liquor, as white Wine, Syder or Whey made with either of them, is poured, then the whole mixture is di&s;tilled in &s;uch Organs as they di&s;til Ro&s;e-water. I &s;hall here &s;ubjoyn a Receipt or two which I make u&s;e of. Take of the Leaves of both the Scurvy gra&s;&s;es, Brooklime, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Broom-tops, each 3 handfuls, Leaves of Germander, Ground pine each 2 handfuls, Hor&s;e-radi&s;h root half a pound, Root of <HI>Aron,</HI> Angelica, Ma&s;terwort each 4 ounces; <HI>Cala|mus Aromaticus</HI> 1 ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves each half an ounce. When they are brui&s;ed and &s;hred, pour to them of the be&s;t Syder 8 pounds, let them be dige&s;ted for 2 dayes in a glazed pot &s;topt: then let them be di&s;tilled in a common di&s;tillatory: and let the Waters fir&s;t and la&s;t drawn be mixt. In Winter time, when green Herbs are &s;carce, you may pre&s;cribe in this manner; Take of Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s 4 handfuls, tops of Broom, Pine, Ju|niper each 3 handfuls, <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark 4 ounces. When they are brui&s;ed pour 8 pounds of white Wine, or Syder, or Whey made with either of them, and let them be di&s;tilled. The Simple water di|&s;tilled off <HI>Aron</HI> Leaves in Spring time, is an effectu|al Medicine again&s;t the Scurvy, if 3 or 4 ounces of it be given every day twice with &s;ome other Medicine. The Simple water of Scurvy-gra&s;s, poured again to the fre&s;h Leaves brui&s;ed, and di&s;tilled off again, and &s;o repeated by frequent cohobations, becomes an effectual Remedy. Fur|thermore, a burning Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s is pre|pared in this manner; Take of Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s as much as you plea&s;e, brui&s;e it, and make it up into Balls, &s;uch as are made of Woad for the Dyers, then let the&s;e Balls be put in a glazed pot, and pour either Scurvy-gra&s;s water or Wine, till it &s;tand 4 Inches above, and &s;et it exactly &s;topt in a cool place 3 or 4 dayes: Then let the whole matter be di&s;tilled by Alembick: The di&s;tilled water may be rectified in a Body. The burning Spirit comes fir&s;t, 15 or 20 drops whereof may be given in &s;ome convenient vehicle.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="6" TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>6. <HI>Anti&s;corbutick Wines and Beer.</HI></HEAD>
<P>I u&s;e to make a Simple Anti&s;corbutick Wine of excellent u&s;e in this manner, in the Spring or Summer time. Take of Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s gathered in a &s;erene time, as much as you plea&s;e. Juice it, and fill a Ve&s;&s;el of 3 or 4 Gallons. Put a &s;poonful or two of yea&s;t, and let it work for 2 dayes: Then &s;top the Ve&s;&s;el, and let it &s;tand in a Wine Cellar for 6 Months: Then let the clear Liquor, a little yellow like Spani&s;h Wine, be drawn off into Bottles, and kept for u&s;e. It la&s;ts uncorrupt for &s;everal years. The Do&s;e is 3 or 4 ounces twice a day. Medicated Wines, a Gla&s;s or two of which may be taken at medical hours, or at Dinner every day may be made in this manner. Take of Scurvy-gra&s;s 4 handfuls, of &s;havings of Hor&s;e-radi&s;h 4 ounces, <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark brui&s;ed half an ounce, the outer rinds of 4 Oranges and &s;o many Lemons. Put them in a Gla&s;s with 12 pounds of White Wine, Rheni&s;h, or &s;mall Canary. Let the Ve&s;&s;el be &s;topt and kept in a cool place. Pour off the Wine clear, when you have occa&s;ion to u&s;e it. It is more u&s;ual to pre&s;cribe Scorbutick Per&s;ons a medicated Ale or Beer for their ordinary drink. Get &s;ome Wort for a four Gallon Ve&s;&s;el, in&s;tead of Hops boyl 3 handfuls of Pine or Firr tops in it. After it has done working, put 3 handful of Scur|vy-gra&s;s Leaves in it, of the root of &s;harp-pointed Dock prepared 4 ounces, Peels of 4 Oranges, when it has &s;ettled a Week and is clear, let it be drunk. Such Phy&s;ick Drinks as the&s;e may be di|ver&s;ly prepared with other Ingredients, according to the temperament of the Patient, and the Di|&s;ea&s;e, which &s;ort of Remedy, becau&s;e the Medi|camentous particles, which alter the Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood are continually carried into its Ma&s;s to|gether with the Alimentous,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de Scorbut<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> often do a great deal of good.</P>
<P N="12">XII. In &s;ome Scorbutick Per&s;ons the u&s;e of Scurvy gra&s;s, Hor&s;e-radi&s;h, <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark and other &s;harp things, that have a volatil Salt in them, are found to do a great deal of harm: Wherefore in &s;uch ca&s;es, where the morbifick cau&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in a hot Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood, like fretted Wines, temperate Medicines, and &s;uch as do not move the particles of the Humours, that are apt to ferment of them&s;elves are good, wherefore I &s;hall treat of Medicines for this parallel to the former, and begin with &s;olid Medicines.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>ELECT&V;ARIES.</HEAD>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Brook-lime, Lady-&s;mock made with an equal quantity of Sugar each 3 drachms, <HI>Species diatri&ohgr;n Santal&ohgr;n, diarrhodon Abbatis</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, powder of Ivory 1 drachm, Pearl half a drachm, Salt of Wormwood, Tamarisk each 1 drachm. With a &s;ufficient quan|tity of Syrup of Corals make an Electuary. Take of Con&s;erve of Wood-&s;orrel, of Hips each 4 oun|ces (or Con&s;erve of root of &s;harp-pointed Dock,
<PB N="556" REF="244"> root of Cichory each 3 ounces) Trochi&s;es of Rhu|barb 2 drachms, <HI>Spec. diamargarit. frigid.</HI> 1 drachm and an half, bark of Tamarisk 1 drachm, <HI>Sal pru|nellae</HI> 1 drachm and an half, pre&s;erved Myrobolans N^o. 2. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Myro|bolans make an Electuary. I u&s;e to pre&s;cribe this ea&s;ie Medicine for the poorer &s;ort; Take of Leaves of Brooklime 6 ounces, Wood-&s;orrel 2 ounces, whi|te&s;t Sugar 8 ounces, let them be pounded, adding of powder of &s;weet Fenil &s;eeds half an ounce, powder of Ivory 2 drachms, <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> 1 drachm. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of juice of Brooklime make an Electuary.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>CONFECTIONS.</HEAD>
<P>Take of the powder of the root of <HI>China,</HI> male Peony each 1 ounce, white and yellow Sanders each 3 drachms, Ivory 1 drachm and an half, Co|ral &s;prinkled with the juice of Oranges, and ground on a Marble 2 drachms, white&s;t Tartar 1 drachm, white&s;t Sugar di&s;&s;olved in a &s;ufficient quantity of compound <HI>Scordium</HI> water 6 ounces. Make a Confection. Take of the root of candied Eringo, candied <HI>Scorzonera</HI> each 3 ounces, <HI>pulvis Ari compo&s;it.</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Species diatrion Santalon</HI> 2 drachms, <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> 1 drachm and an half. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Clove gilliflowers make a Confection.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>POWDERS.</HEAD>
<P>Take of powder of the leaves of Ground-pine, <HI>Ari compo&s;.</HI> each 1 ounce and an half, powder of Ivory, red Coral prepared with juice of Oranges each 2 ounces, lozenges of Oranges 2 ounces. Mix them. Make a powder. The Do&s;e 1 &s;poon|ful twice a day.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>PILLS.</HEAD>
<P>Take of <HI>Spec. diatri&ohgr;n &s;antal&ohgr;n, diamargarit. frigid.</HI> each 2 drachms, &s;eeds of Citron, <HI>Carduus</HI> brui&s;ed each 1 ounce, root of Dittany of <HI>Crete,</HI> male Peo|ny each 1 drachm and an half, Salt of Tamarisk 2 drachms, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Gelly of Harts horn or of Snakes skins make a ma&s;s.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>LOZENGES.</HEAD>
<P>Take of <HI>Spec. diatri&ohgr;n Santal&ohgr;n, diamargarit. frigid.</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, powder of Pearl, of red Coral prepared, powder of Ivory each 1 drachm, Sugar di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Scordium</HI> water, and boyled up for Lozenges 6 ounces. Make Lozen|ges according to Art. But if the u&s;e of Steel be indicated with &s;uch temperate Anti&s;corbuticks, 2 drachms of <HI>Magi&s;terium Martis Myn&s;ichti</HI> or of Extract of Steel of our preparation may be added to the Electuary, or Confection, or Ma&s;s of Pills. In &s;ome ca&s;es about 2 drachms and an half or 3 drachms of <HI>crocus Martis</HI> may be added to &s;uch a Compo&s;ition; yet it is better to make the Liquors, that are to be drunk on the &s;olid Medicines, chalybeate then the fore&s;aid compo&s;itions. Now it remains to give &s;ome receipts of the Liquors.</P>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Decoctions.</HEAD>
<P>In a Scurvy, that comes after a long Feaver, &s;uch Decoctions as purifie the Blood and plentifully provoke Urine, are given with &s;ucce&s;s. Take of root of Chervil, <HI>Scorzonera,</HI> Sorrel, Par&s;ly, each 1 ounce, Leaves of Liverwort, Harts-tongue, each 1 hand|ful, burnt Harts-horn 2 drachms, parings of 3 Ap|ples, Corinths 2 ounces, Liquori&s;h 3 drachms. Boyl them in 4 pounds of Spring water to a Con|&s;umption of a third part. The Do&s;e is 6 ounces after a &s;olid Medicine. To Country People and the poorer &s;ort, that after a Fever they may not fall into the Scurvy, I u&s;e to pre&s;cribe the follow|ing draught twice a day, namely, to take of root and leaves of Dandelion 1 handful and an half, of Po&s;&s;et drink 1 pound and an half. Boyl them to the con&s;umption of a third part, &s;train it for 2 Do&s;es. Or, Take of root of Dandelion half an handful, &s;eeds of Citron, Carduus each 1 drachm. Boyl them in a pound and an half of Pippin, or Sy|der po&s;&s;et Drink, to the con&s;umption of a third part.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Infu&s;ions.</HEAD>
<P>The Apozems but now pre&s;cribed, will become much better again&s;t the Scurvy, if they be made without Liquori&s;h, and &s;trained into a Flagon, in which a handful of Brooklime and Scurvy-gra&s;s Leaves, or Lady &s;mock may be put, and then a hot and clo&s;e Infu&s;ion made for 6 hours. When the liquor is &s;trained, keep it in Ve&s;&s;els clo&s;e &s;topt. The Do&s;e is 6 ounces twice or thrice a day. And Chalybeate Infu&s;ions are often u&s;ed, namely Salt, magi&s;tery or extract of Steel may be infu&s;ed in &s;ome decoction or de&s;tilled water; moreover, as natu|ral Spaws, &s;o al&s;o artificial ones of our prepara|tion of Steel di&s;&s;olved in Spring-water, and im|pregnated with infu&s;ion of Anti&s;corbuticks, are drunk with great benefit.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Juices and Expre&s;&s;ions.</HEAD>
<P>Take of Leaves of Brooklime, Water Cre&s;&s;es each 4 handfuls, Wood-&s;orrel 2 handfuls. When they are brui&s;ed, &s;train out the juice, if it be &s;topt clo&s;e in a Gla&s;s, it will quickly clarifie and &s;ettle. The Do&s;e is an ounce and an half to 2 ounces, with &s;ome convenient vehicle. Take of Brook|lime 4 handfuls, Leaves of <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Rhubarb 2 hand|fuls, brui&s;e them, and &s;train out the juice. Take of Leaves of Brooklime, Water Cre&s;&s;es, Lady-&s;mock, le&s;&s;er Celandine, Sorrel each 2 handfuls. When they are brui&s;ed, &s;train out the juice, add a 4th part of juice of Oranges. Keep it in a Gla&s;s.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Syrups.</HEAD>
<P>As often as a Syrup is required to be added to any other Compo&s;ition, we u&s;e Syrup of juice of Wood-&s;orrel, or Fumitory, or Coral, or a magi|&s;terial Syrup of juice of Brooklime may be made the &s;ame way, as is pre&s;cribed above for juice of Scurvy-gra&s;s.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>De&s;tilled Waters.</HEAD>
<P>More temperate di&s;tilled waters are made by changing either the ingredients, or the <HI>Men&s;truum,</HI> or both. As to the former, we may proceed in this manner. Take of Leaves of Brooklime, Wa|ter Cre&s;&s;es, Fumitory, Harts-tongue, Liver-wort, Balm, tops of Tamarisk, Cypre&s;s each 3 handfuls, of all the Sanders brui&s;ed each half an ounce, root of &s;harp-pointed Dock, Polypody of the Oak each 2 ounces, the outer rind of 4 Oranges, of clean|&s;ed Snails 2 pounds. When they are cut and brui&s;ed, pour to them 6 pounds of Whey made with Syder. De&s;til them in a common Di&s;tillato|ry. 2. Let the <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> be weaker and the in|gredients moderately hot; Take of Leaves of
<PB N="557" REF="244"> Scurvy-gra&s;s, Lady-&s;mock, Water Cre&s;&s;es each 3 handfuls, Peels of 4 Oranges, Snails 1 pound, when they are chopt very &s;mall, pour to them of Whey or new Milk, 6 pounds, de&s;til them the common way. 3. In a Scorbutick Atrophy and Con&s;ump|tive di&s;po&s;ition, where nothing hot ought to be admitted, which may exagitate the Blood, humors and &s;pirits, both the Ingredients and the <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> mu&s;t be temperate and &s;weetners of the Blood; Take of Leaves of Brooklime, Lady-&s;mock, Harts-tongue, Maiden-hair, Liverwort, Speedwell, Agri|mony each 2 handfuls, clean&s;ed Snails 1 pound and an half (or the pulp of a Capon or a Sheeps Heart &s;hred) parboyled and &s;hred. When they are all brui&s;ed together, pour to them of new Milk or Fumitory water 6 pounds, and de&s;till them the common way.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Phy&s;ick Wines and Beer.</HEAD>
<P>Although the u&s;e of Wine in a Scurvy, cau&s;ed by a hot or Sulphureo-Saline Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood, may not &s;eem &s;o convenient, yet if at any time ei|ther a weak Stomach, or long cu&s;tome require the drinking of &s;mall Wine at lea&s;t, &s;uch a Liquor may be made more temperate and in &s;ome mea&s;ure me|dicated. For fir&s;t of all &s;mall Wines may be given, diluted with water, impregnated with an Infu&s;ion of Balm, Borage, Burnet or other &s;uch things. Moreover Wines may be made of juice of Currans, Cherries, or other horary Fruits, which when they are ripened by fermentation, are very grateful to the Stomach and clean&s;e the Blood; then Syder, the familiar, and almo&s;t natural Wine of our Coun|try, defaecated this way, when it is mild and &s;weet without any acidity, does much good in the Scur|vy. Furthermore, when the Lees are taken from this Liquor and it is put up in &s;mall Ve&s;&s;els, &s;eve|ral &s;orts of Ingredients may be infu&s;ed in it, &s;uch as tops of Pine or Firr, flowers of Tamarisk, al&s;o &s;havings of Harts-horn or Ivory, which &s;weeten the Liquor and keep it from &s;owring; in as much, to wit, as the particles of the fluid Salt up and down the Syder, which are apt to cau&s;e &s;owerne&s;s, are by infu&s;ing the &s;aid Ingredients, &s;u&s;pended. More temperate Phy&s;ick Ales may be pre&s;cribed in this manner; Let a 5 or 6 gallon Ve&s;&s;el be got ready for &s;mall Ale, in which in&s;tead of Hops, let tops of Pine, Firr, Tamari&s;k, or &s;havings of any of the Woods be boyled; then after working let &s;ome roots of &s;harp-pointed Dock, (than which certainly there is no better Remedy for the Scur|vy) be put in the Ve&s;&s;el. To the&s;e &s;ometimes there may be added Leaves of Brooklime, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Winter Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> al&s;o pome-Citrons or Oranges cut into &s;lices. Leaves of Harts-tongue put into a Barrel of middling Beer, after it has done working,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> give it both a grateful ta&s;t and &s;mell.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. The method already laid down timely be|gun, and rightly in&s;i&s;ted on, often does the bu&s;i|ne&s;s, in as much as the cau&s;e or root of the Di&s;ea&s;e being taken away, the Ails depending thereon va|ni&s;h of them&s;elves. Yet we cannot always hold a direct cour&s;e, but mu&s;t &s;ometimes turn a&s;ide to ac|cidents and &s;ymptoms, to the mo&s;t urgent whereof we &s;hall have re&s;pect.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the Cure of difficulty of breathing, and A&s;thmatick Paroxy&s;ms.</HEAD>
<P>Difficulty of breathing with &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t and A&s;thmatick Paroxy&s;ms, mu&s;t be immediately removed with proper Remedies, pre&s;cribed out of the general method, for otherwi&s;e the Patient's life would quickly be endangered. And &s;ince &s;uch evils u&s;ually ari&s;e either from the Bloods &s;tagna|ting in the Heart, or from the pneumonick Nerves being hindered in their function, therefore they are cured either by Cordial, or Anti&s;pasmodick Medicines. Spirit of Harts horn, Soot, Blood, Mans Skull; al&s;o tinctures of Ca&s;tor, Antimony, or Sulphur, flowers of Sal Ammoniack, of Benzoin, and <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> are of excellent u&s;e in the&s;e ca&s;es, which Medicines may be given frequently in a Do&s;e of &s;ome Anti&s;corbutick Liquor good again&s;t &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es. For the quieting a mere &s;pasmo|dick difficulty, if at any time it come &s;uddenly, I have not experienced a more pre&s;ent Remedy than 10 or 12 drops of our tincture of <HI>Laudanum opiatum</HI> given in &s;ome convenient Liquor, for when &s;leep comes on, the Spirits abate their di&s;orders, and in the mean time being refre&s;hed, they afterward re|&s;ume their pri&s;tine tasks in due order. Sharp Cly|&s;ters, which give many &s;tools, as al&s;o Sudorifick Decoctions, and Diureticks do often give relief; Take of root of Burdock, Butter-bur, Chervil, each 1 ounce, Leaves of Maiden-hair, Germander each 1 handful, Seeds of Burdock, <HI>Carthamum</HI> each 3 ounces, Rai&s;ins 2 ounces. When they are &s;toned and brui&s;ed, boyl them in Spring water to the con&s;umption of a third part. Add of White Wine 4 ounces, &s;train them into a Flagon, to which put of Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s &s;hred 1 handful, Elecam|pane root Candied and cut very &s;mall half a drachm. Make a clo&s;e and hot Infu&s;ion for 3 hours. The Do&s;e is 6 ounces twice or thrice a day.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of ails of the Stomach, that u&s;ually come upon the Scurvy.</HEAD>
<P>Scorbutick Per&s;ons are &s;ometimes troubled with a great fulne&s;s and pain of the Stomach, and loath|ing and belching, and &s;ometimes frequent vomiting. Which Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e &s;ometimes from chyle dege|nerating there into putrefaction, oftentimes from Morbifick matter, either carried from the Blood or Nervous juice, and left within the cavity of the Stomach, or fixt in its Nervous folds and Mem|branes: In &s;uch ca&s;es if a vi&s;cid nidorus matter, or any other way trouble&s;ome be ca&s;t up by vomit|ing, and there be &s;u&s;picion, that the cau&s;e is with|in the Cavity of the Stomach, it will be conveni|ent to give a gentle vomit of Wine of Squills, or Salt of Vitriol, or to purge off the peccant Hu|mour, with extract or infu&s;ion of Rhubarb, add|ing a little Salt or Cream of Tartar; but if the matter &s;tick clo&s;e among the Membranes or Ner|vous folds, Diaphoreticks, or things that &s;top the efferve&s;cency of the Salts are rather convenient. <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> or flowers of Sal Ammoniac, or Spirit of Soot may be often taken with <HI>aqua ra|phani compo&s;ita, lumbricorum,</HI> or any other Anti&s;corbu|tick Liquor. In the mean time once or twice a day a fomentation of Wormwood, Centaury, Cha|momil flowers, Gentian root, and other things boyled in White Wine may be applied to the re|gion of the Stomach with woollen Clothes dipt therein hot and a little wrung out. The u&s;e of Cly&s;ters is convenient. Opiates al&s;o often do a great deal of good.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the Belly-ache and Scorbutick Colick.</HEAD>
<P>No Di&s;ea&s;e almo&s;t requires more &s;peedily help from Medicine, then the Colick and Gripes which often happen in the Scurvy. Again&s;t the&s;e evils Cly&s;ters of divers &s;orts, Fomentations, liniments and Catapla&s;ms are u&s;ed. The u&s;e of Opiates is found very nece&s;&s;ary here. Certainly in this ca&s;e that rule of <HI>Riverius,</HI> to give purging Pills mixt with <HI>Laudanum</HI> has place e&s;pecially, for after &s;leep
<PB N="558" REF="245"> is cau&s;ed, and plentiful purging, the Fit is often at an end. But te&s;taceous powders, by which acid Salts are imbibed or fixt, do very much conduce to drive away the Morbifick cau&s;e, for example; Take of powder of Crabs eyes, Egg-&s;hels each 1 drachm and an half, Pearl 1 ounce. Make a pow|der, divide it into 12 Do&s;es, of which one &s;ixth part may be taken once an hour, with &s;ome Scor|butick water, or with a Decoction of Root and Seeds of Burdock, as is de&s;cribed before, or with po&s;&s;et drink, wherein Roots and Seeds of Bur|dock, Leaves of &s;weet Marjoram and Saxifrage have been boyled, and Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s in|fu&s;ed. In a Scorbutick Colick, and in the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach but now mentioned, the u&s;e of purging Spaw-waters, &s;uch as ours of <HI>Ep&s;um</HI> and <HI>Barnet,</HI> are excellent good.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of a Loo&s;ne&s;s and Bloody Flux.</HEAD>
<P>An inveterate Loo&s;ne&s;s, &s;uch as frequently hap|pens to Scorbutick Per&s;ons, mu&s;t by no means be &s;topt with a&s;tringent Medicines, nor is ea&s;ily cured with Alteratives or any Anti&s;corbuticks. Spaw waters impregnated with Iron or Vitriol are the be&s;t Remedy for this Di&s;ea&s;e, next to the&s;e are artificial Spaws or Chalybeate Medicines, which u&s;e to give great relief. <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> rightly pre|pared may well be preferred before all the re&s;t. I have often u&s;ed the following method with good &s;ucce&s;s. Fir&s;t of all give a purge of the powder or infu&s;ion of Rhubarb adding a&s;tringent Aromaticks, and let it be repeated &s;ometimes at the interval of 3 or 4 dayes, the other dayes let the quantity of a Nutmeg of the following Ele|ctuary be taken in the morning and at 4 of the Clock; Take of Con&s;erve of common Wormwood made with an equal quantity of Sugar 6 ounces (in a hot Con&s;titution, in&s;tead hereof, Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es may be taken) <HI>Species diarrhodon Abbatis</HI> two drachms, Sanders white and red powdered each 1 drachm, the be&s;t <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> half an ounce. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Steel make an Ele|ctuary. In Dy&s;enteries and a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> we may proceed in the like method: Spaw waters, if they may be had, mu&s;t e&s;pecially be u&s;ed. Moreover Cly&s;ters of vulnerary Decoctions may be often u&s;ed. I lately cured one of a long and grievous Dy&s;entery, who had for a long time voided every day an ounce of Blood by Stool, with this Reme|dy; Take of the be&s;t Rhubarb in powder 1 ounce, red Sanders powdered 2 drachms, Cinnamon 1 drachm, <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> 3 drachms, <HI>Lucatellu</HI>'s Bal&s;ome what is &s;ufficient. Make a ma&s;s for Pills; he took 4 Pills, &s;ometimes every day, &s;ometimes every o|ther day for a fort-night and he was perfectly cu|red. I al&s;o pre&s;cribed him a Phy&s;ick Beer of an Infu&s;ion of roots of &s;harp pointed Dock, and Leaves of Brooklime to drink con&s;tantly.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Swooning and other Ails u&s;ually attending the &s;ame in the Scurvy.</HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Vertigo</HI> frequently comes upon an inveterate Scurvy, which is u&s;ually accompanied with fre|quent Swooning, and almo&s;t a con&s;tant dread of it, and moreover with a numbne&s;s in the Limbs, and a pricking running hither and thither. Which &s;ort of Ails proceed from the failure of the Ani|mal Spirits &s;ometimes in the very fountain, &s;ome|times among the Nerves, both Cardiack, and which &s;erve other parts, and &s;eeing they depend upon the Brain and Nervous kind, being much pe&s;tered with a Scorbutick Salt, they are not ea|&s;ily cured. Cephalick Remedies, &s;uch as are proper in the <HI>Vertigo</HI> and Paralytick Di&s;ea&s;es cau|&s;ed by them&s;elves, mu&s;t be u&s;ed mixt with Anti|&s;corbuticks. Having therefore fir&s;t of all made pro|vi&s;ion for the whole by fitting Catharticks, and &s;uch as are proper in the Scurvy, you may pro|ceed in this manner with appropriate Medicines again&s;t the &s;aid Ails. At the beginning of the Cure apply Leeches to the Haemorrhoid Veins, and, unle&s;s &s;omething contra-indicate, let the &s;ame be often afterwards repeated. Take of the pow|der of the Root of male peony half an ounce, red Coral prepared 2 ounces, Man's Skull, Elk's hoof each 1 drachm. Mix them. Take of the be&s;t Sugar di&s;&s;olved in compound Peony water or in Hor&s;e-radi&s;h water, boyled up fit for Lozen|ges 8 ounces, oyl of Amber well rectified half a drachm. Make Lozenges according to Art. Take a drachm and an half or two drachms morning and evening, drinking thereupon a draught of the di|&s;tilled water following; Take of Leaves of Scur|vy-gra&s;s, Brooklime, Cre&s;&s;es, Lilly conval, Sage, Ro&s;emary, Betony each 3 handfuls, green Wal|nuts 1 pound, Peels of 6 Oranges and of 4 Le|mons, fre&s;h Roots of male Peony 1 pound and an half. When they are brui&s;ed and &s;hred, pour to them of Phlegm of Vitriol 1 pound, Whey made with Cider 5 pounds. Di&s;til them after the common way, let all the water be mixt together. The Do&s;e is from 3 to 4 ounces.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of Haemorrhagies.</HEAD>
<P>Haemorrhagies in the Scurvy often threaten great danger of the Patients being ha&s;tened to his end thereby; while Blood bur&s;ts out &s;ometimes at the No&s;e, &s;ometimes by the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> or Haemorrhoids, almo&s;t to Swooning: Be&s;ides, &s;ometimes it being ca&s;t out of the Lungs or Stomach, gives &s;u&s;pici|on either of an Ulcer, or at lea&s;t of a great de|bility in the part affected. Wherefore Bloody ex|cretions, if they either be immoderate or come in an inconvenient place, mu&s;t for the pre&s;ent be &s;topt, and for the future prevented. For &s;topping of Blood, when it bur&s;ts out immoderately, the method is well enough known, and there is no|thing to be done in this Ca&s;e more peculiar be|cau&s;e of the Scurvy, than when it comes upon other occa&s;ions. Yet, to prevent Haemorrhagies, Remedies may be u&s;ed, which take off the Acri|mony of the Blood, and &s;traiten the Mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els, which are too lax and gaping. Each in|tention may be well performed by Chalybeate Medicines. The u&s;e of Vitriolick Spaws is mo&s;t proper for this bu&s;ine&s;s: Moreover Infu&s;ions, Ex|tracts, Salts, and &s;uch preparations of Steel, which e&s;pecially contain the Saline or Vitriolick nature of Iron are ever good again&s;t Haemorrhagies. Take of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es, of Hips each 3 ounces, <HI>Species diarrhodon Abbatis, Diatri&ohgr;n</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, Salt of Steel 1 drachm, <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> well prepared 2 drachms, red Coral prepared 1 drachm and an half. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Steel make an Electuary. Thrice a day take the quantity of a Nutmeg, drinking thereupon a draught of &s;ome appropriate Liquor. I u&s;e to pre|&s;cribe for the Poor in this manner; Take of the tops of Cypre&s;s, Nettle each 2 ounces, Brooklime 2 ounces, brui&s;e them in a Mortar with 10 oun|ces of the white&s;t Sugar, then add of Scales of Iron very finely powdered 1 ounce, powder of white and red Sanders each 2 drachms. With a &s;ufficient quantity of juice of Nettle make an Ele|ctuary. The Do&s;e is the quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day. Take of the de&s;tilled water, or De|coction of &s;ome temperate Anti-&s;corbutick two pounds, of our preparation of Steel 2 drachms. Mix them in a gla&s;s. The Do&s;e is 3 or 4 ounces. Take of Nettle tops, Leaves of Brooklime each 4 handfuls. When they are brui&s;ed, &s;train out the
<PB N="559" REF="245"> juice, keep it in a Gla&s;s. The Do&s;e is 2 or 3 oun|ces twice a day, with &s;ome di&s;tilled Anti&s;corbu|tick water.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of faults in the Mouth ari&s;ing from the Scurvy.</HEAD>
<P>Whenever the Scorbutick Infection has &s;eized the Mouth, &s;o as the Gums &s;well, and the fle&s;h of them become fungous, immediately Remedies, which drive away putrefaction from them, mu&s;t be diligently u&s;ed: Among the&s;e, Wa&s;hes for the Mouth, and Liniments are of e&s;pecial u&s;e, both when the Di&s;ea&s;e begins about the&s;e Parts, and when it grows wor&s;e; which neverthele&s;s, as they re&s;pect divers intentions, &s;o they u&s;e to be di|ver&s;ly prepared, to wit, the fle&s;h of the Gums, when it fir&s;t &s;wells, mu&s;t be freed from the Incur|&s;ions of a Salt and corrupt Blood and <HI>Serum:</HI> after|wards the Fle&s;h grown flaccid and &s;hrunk from the Teeth mu&s;t be defended from putrefaction, and that it may &s;tick clo&s;er to the Teeth, there mu&s;t be a&s;triction; for the&s;e and other intentions Garga|ri&s;ms or Mouth-wa&s;hes of divers &s;orts may be u&s;ed: Of all which the chief ingredients are Vegetables boyled, and Minerals infu&s;ed: The Herbs and Roots that are boyled in &s;ome proper Liquor, ei|ther Water or Wine, are for the mo&s;t part either &s;harp, or bitter, or &s;typtick: and then &s;uch De|coctions are impregnated, either with a Volatil, Lixivial, Vitriolate, Chalybeate or Aluminous Salt. 1. When therefore the Fle&s;h of the Gums, by rea|&s;on of a defluxion of Salt and corrupt Blood and <HI>Se|rum,</HI> fir&s;t begins to &s;well and grow fungous; Take of the middle rind of Elder, Elm, each half an hand|ful, Leaves of Savory, Sage, Rocket, Cre&s;&s;es each 1 handful, Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> 2 drachms, be|ing &s;hred and brui&s;ed, boyl them in 3 pounds of Lime-water to the con&s;umption of a third part: If edulcoration be required, add of Honey of Ro&s;es 2 ounces. Make a Gargari&s;m. Or, take of tried Vitriol 1 ounce (our Country People call it Cap|tain <HI>Green</HI>'s powder) Spring-water 2 pounds, mix them in a Gla&s;s, &s;hake it, and when the Liquor is &s;ettled and clear u&s;e it. Or, Make a Ly of a&s;hes of Broom or Ro&s;emary, or of calcined Tartar or Ni|tre; in 3 pounds of this boyl of the Leaves of Sa|vory, Time, Ro&s;emary, Sage each 1 handful. Let the colature be poured upon 2 handfuls of Scurvy-gra&s;s Leaves. Make a hot and clo&s;e Infu&s;ion for 3 hours, &s;train it again and keep it to wa&s;h the Mouth often in a day. For the &s;ame intention al&s;o Lini|ments at times, and e&s;pecially at Night may be ap|plied, that their virtue may be communicated to the Patients even while they &s;leep. There is ex|&s;tant a Famous pre&s;cription frequent among Au|thors, and approved by long experience. Take of Leaves of Columbine, cri&s;p Mint, Sage, Nutmeg, Myrrh (which yet &s;ometimes is omitted) each 2 drachms, burnt Allum half an ounce, Virgin Honey 4 ounces or what is &s;ufficient, make a Liniment ac|cording to Art. 2. If at any time the flaccid Fle&s;h of the Gums part from the roots of the Teeth, a gentle &s;carification is often u&s;ed; moreover let the Mouth be wa&s;hed with this Decoction; Take of tops of Bramble Cypre&s;s, Leaves of Sanicle, Ladies &s;mock each 1 handful, boyl them in water, where|in Iron has been quenched, 3 pounds, to the con|&s;umption of a third, add to the colature of Honey of Ro&s;es 2 ounces. Mix them. Such a Liniment as this may be applied; Take of the powder of Flo|rentine Orrice, Leaves of Sage, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort each 2 drachms, bole Armonick, <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> each 1 drachms, Virgin Honey hot what is &s;ufficient, incorporate them well by &s;tirring. 3. When the Gums are putrid and corrupt, and the Teeth are rotten and loo&s;e, and &s;end out a na&s;ty &s;tink, &s;tron|ger Medicines, and &s;uch as exceedingly re&s;i&s;t putre|faction, may be u&s;ed; an Infu&s;ion of Camphorate vitriol, or <HI>lapis Medicamento&s;us</HI> are e&s;pecially proper in this Ca&s;e. Or, Take of root of Gentian, round Birthwort cut each half an ounce, Leaves of le&s;&s;er Centaury, Sea Wormwood, Savory, Columbine each 1 handful, boyl them in &s;ome lime or lixivial water, and &s;ometimes wherein Iron has been quenched or Allum di&s;&s;olved 3 pounds, to the con|&s;umption of a third part. To the Colature add 2 or 3 ounces of crude Honey. Mix them. 4. If the falling of the Teeth be chiefly feared; Take of the bark of the root of the wild Sloe-Tree 1 ounce, Tormentil, and of Bi&s;tort whole each an handful, Pomegranate rind and flowers each half an ounce, boyl them in 3 pounds of Spring water, the be&s;t Honey 2 ounces. Mix them. Take of Camphorate Vitriol, burnt Harts-horn each 1 drachm, Nutmeg half a drachm, the be&s;t Honey what is &s;ufficient. Make a Liniment. Or, Take of the Powder of root of Bi&s;tort, Pomegranate rind, Bole-Armonick, burnt Allum each 1 drachm, Honey of Ro&s;es what is &s;ufficient, add of Spirit of Vitriol 1 &s;cruple. Make an oyntment. 5. If at any time (as is &s;ome|times u&s;ual) putrid and deep Ulcers &s;eize the Gums or other Parts of the Mouth, the fore&s;aid &s;tronger Medicines mu&s;t be often u&s;ed: Moreover a rag dipt in <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Spirit of Wine, or in an Infu&s;ion of <HI>lapis medicamento&s;us</HI> or Sublimate, may &s;ometimes be applied. In the&s;e ca&s;es the Cure mu&s;t be left to a skilful Surgeon.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of Pains that u&s;ually infe&s;t the Legs, and other Limbs &s;ometimes, at Night e&s;pe|cially.</HEAD>
<P>Again&s;t the&s;e Pains, becau&s;e &s;ometimes they are very bitter, be&s;ide the general method of curing the Scurvy, &s;pecifick Remedies, and &s;uch as op|po&s;e this Symptom, are indicated, therefore in &s;uch a ca&s;e, when a man has been well purged, and bled (if need be) it is convenient to &s;et upon the Di&s;ea&s;e both by Medicines inwardly and applicati|ons outwardly. As to the former, things that move Sweat and Urine, often give relief, inasmuch as they carry another way the lixivial and acid re|crements of the Blood and Nervous juice, which u&s;ed to meet in the part affected: e&s;pecially if &s;uch things be u&s;ed as vindicate both the&s;e Humors from that bad di&s;po&s;ition, as well &s;aline as acid: Te&s;taceous powders of Crabs Eyes, mandible of a Pike, al&s;o Spirit and Flowers of Sal Ammoniack, Spirit of Blood, Tincture of Antimony, Coral, De|coctions of root and &s;eed of Burdock, Groundpine, Germander, are very good. Which &s;ort of Reme|dies may be taken with di&s;tilled Anti&s;corbutick waters twice or thrice a day. Di&s;tilled water of Hor&s;e-dung, adding Scurvy-gra&s;s, Brooklime, <HI>Iva arthritica</HI> and the like, does &s;ometimes a great deal of good. In the mean time Fomentations, Lini|ments, Catapla&s;ms or Applications of other kind, which ea&s;e pain, may be outwardly applied.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the wandring Scorbutick Gout.</HEAD>
<P>Concerning this affection <HI>Eugalenus, Wierus, Medi|cus Campen&s;is</HI> and <HI>Gregorius Hor&s;tius</HI> have writ on pur|po&s;e. It is &s;aid to be very frequent in the North-parts of <HI>Holland,</HI> of which they take a certain &s;ign by applying a live Worm to the place pained, for it begins immediately to leap, wriggle and &s;lide off, and u&s;ually dies, which indeed I have often by experience ob&s;erved in this Di&s;ea&s;e among our own Country-men. The rea&s;on of which experi|ment (as I think) is this, we make the cau&s;e of the Pain and Swelling in the part affected to be, be|cau&s;e Saline or lixivial Feculencies that are left by the Blood, and al&s;o by the Nervous Liquor, in the
<PB N="560" REF="246"> &s;ame place, do mutually ferment, ju&s;t as Spirit of Vitriol, mixt with deliquated Salt of Tartar, more|over as from &s;uch &s;truggling and agitation of di&s;&s;i|milar particles Pain and Swelling are cau&s;ed, &s;o in|deed very &s;harp, and as it were corro&s;ive <HI>effluvia</HI> do plentifully fly out, which kill the Worm, when it is applied to the pained place, ju&s;t as if it were hung over the&s;e ebullient Liquors. Becau&s;e of the effect of this experiment, the Cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e is managed by Worms, that is, by Medicines made of them; which yet I know not, whether taken in|wardly they will as certainly cure the Di&s;ea&s;e, as they applied outwardly are killed by the Di&s;ea&s;e. However Worms, as al&s;o Snails, Sows, and other exanguous Animals inasmuch as they abound with a volatil Salt, &s;o they often yield a Medicine ef|fectual enough. <HI>Henricus Petraeus</HI> tells of two Reme|dies for this Di&s;ea&s;e much u&s;ed in <HI>We&s;tphalia.</HI> 1. Take 9 Worms, brui&s;ed with 2 &s;poonfuls of Wine in a Mortar, and &s;trained through a Cloth, to the&s;e add half a pint of Wine, Take 3 &s;poonfuls Morning, Noon and Night for &s;everal dayes. 2. Take 2 or 3 &s;prigs of Savine, Virgin Honey 2 &s;poonfuls. Boyl them in a pint of Wine, till it &s;ink 2 Inches. Let 4 or 5 &s;poonfuls of the colature be taken thrice a day. A certain vulgar potion, cited by <HI>Hor&s;tius,</HI> is near of kin to the fir&s;t Medicine, it is called <HI>Potio Mona&s;terien&s;is;</HI> Take of Sage, Betony, Rue each 5 Leaves, a little Savine and two roots of Devils bit. Brui&s;e them with water of Elder flowers, and let the juice &s;trained out be given to cau&s;e a Sweat. The like pre&s;cription al&s;o is propounded by <HI>Medicus Campen&s;is</HI> in <HI>Fore&s;tus.</HI> Certainly in this Di&s;ea&s;e <HI>Aqua lumbricorum magi&s;tralis</HI> &s;et down in the <HI>London</HI> Di&s;pen|&s;atory is excellent good. I have often u&s;ed Spirit and Salt of Harts horn, Spirit of Blood, and flowers of Sal Ammoniac with good &s;ucce&s;s. Moreover Te&s;taceous powders, to wit, of Crabs Eyes, Corals, Pearl, and Vegetables, which are reckoned Anti|dotes for the Gout, as Root of Birthwort, Leaves of Ground pine, Germander, and the like joyned with Anti&s;corbuticks, are good for the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e. Be&s;ide outward Anodynes to a&s;&s;wage the pain, which are u&s;ed in form of Liniment, Fomen|tation or Catapla&s;m, oyl of Worms, Frogs and Toads, are often very beneficial. I had it from an excellent Per&s;on, who was very &s;ubject to this Di|&s;ea&s;e, that a water di&s;tilled off the Contents in the Stomach of an Ox newly killed, and taken out, and applied warm with Clothes in manner of a Fomen|tation, does give mo&s;t certain relief.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of Convul&s;ive and Paralytick Affections, that u&s;ually come upon the Scurvy.</HEAD>
<P>If at any time the Scorbutick Infection break in|to the Brain and Nervous kind, and very much in|fect the irrugious Liquor of either Province, for this rea&s;on indeed divers affections, and e&s;pecially Paralytick and Spa&s;modick ones u&s;ually ari&s;e: namely, according as the Morbifick matter, brought by the regiment, is either narcotick or explo&s;ive. Which &s;ort of affections, although in this ca&s;e they be Symptomatick, yet when they grow wor&s;e, they challenge to them&s;elves both the name and better part of the Cure; &s;o that the Patient may be ra|ther &s;aid to be &s;ick of the Pal&s;ie or Convul&s;ion than of the Scurvy; Medicines al&s;o proper for the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es &s;hould be preferred before all other at that time, however requi&s;ite for other intentions. To cure &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es brought upon the Scurvy, we &s;hould make it our bu&s;ine&s;s, that Remedies ap|propriate to them, may be rightly complicated with Anti&s;corbuticks.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of an Atrophy, and al&s;o the Scorbutick Fe|ver, which is either the cau&s;e or effect of it.</HEAD>
<P>There are 3 kinds of cau&s;ing; depending in a cer|tain order, of one or more of which a Scorbutick Atrophy, without a Con&s;umption of the Lungs, is u&s;ually produced, to wit, either the Chyle is per|verted through the fault of the fir&s;t wayes, &s;o that either not enough, or not good, is carried to the Blood. Or &s;econdly, when it is brought thither, yet by the fault of the Blood it is not rightly changed into Blood and nutritious juice. Or third|ly, the nutritious juice being rightly prepared in the ma&s;s of Blood, through the fault of the Nervous Liquor, is not rightly a&s;&s;imilated to the &s;olid parts. Remedies proper for this Symptome, either re&s;pect the emendation of the fir&s;t wayes, or of the fore|&s;aid Humours. As to the former, it &s;ometimes hap|pens that through the broken tone or vitiated fer|ment of the Stomach, what food is taken, is not rightly concocted, but turns into an u&s;ele&s;s putri|lage. For &s;uch ails, gentle Catharticks, Dige&s;tives, and Strengthners may be u&s;ed. Yet the work of Chylification is oftner hindred by a Scirrhous Tu|mor, ri&s;ing &s;ometimes in the Stomach, &s;ometimes in the Me&s;entery, and other Parts thereabout: In this ca&s;e opening and di&s;&s;olving things are proper, the u&s;e of Spaws is before any other Remedy. More|over Fomentations, Liniments, or Plai&s;ters mu&s;t be outwardly applied. Furthermore &s;ometimes it happens, that without any Tumor ari&s;ing in the Bowels, the lacteal Ve&s;&s;els are &s;o much ob&s;tructed with a thick &amp; vi&s;cid matter &s;ettled in them, that a &s;ufficient &s;tore of Chyle, though made laudable and with plenty &s;ufficient, cannot be carried to the Blood: In this ca&s;e the Belly is for the mo&s;t part very loo&s;e, the &s;tools are white and like curdled Milk, and not tinged with bile or &s;tinking like o|ther Peoples Excrements. The rea&s;on whereof is, becau&s;e the depauperated Blood breeds but little yellow bile, from the pouring out of which in the Guts, the colour and &s;tink of the Excrements pro|ceed. In this ca&s;e Spaws are chiefly proper, and when openers are given inwardly, Liniments, Fo|mentations, and Bathings may be u&s;ed outwardly. For a <HI>Mara&s;mus</HI> ari&s;ing from the Blood's degenera|ting from its frame, the&s;e things are good, A&s;&s;es or Cows Milk diluted with Barley water or &s;ome proper di&s;tilled water, often do good, Broth or Milk with Snails boyled in them: Moreover Wa|ters di&s;tilled off Milk or Whey with Snails and temperate Anti&s;corbutick Herbs, are very good in this ca&s;e; for this purpo&s;e al&s;o Decoctions of vul|nerary and Anti&s;corbutick Herbs are taken with good &s;ucce&s;s. In the mean time frictions to the out parts may be u&s;ed every day with Clothes be|dewed with <HI>unguentum re&s;umptivum,</HI> or fre&s;h Oyl of &s;weet Almonds and warmed. When the Atrophy ari&s;es from the fault of the affected Blood, and therefore perverting the nutritious juice, for the mo&s;t part it has an erratick Fever joyned with Night Sweats, inasmuch namely as the Ma&s;s of Blood is forced by that degenerate juice into une|qual and uncertain Efferve&s;cencies, and &s;o the trou|ble&s;ome matter is ca&s;t off by Night &s;weat. In this ca&s;e, when a &s;pare diet is ordered, Decoctions and di&s;tilled waters, which melt and purifie the Blood, may be often taken mixt with Anti&s;corbuticks; Take of the &s;havings of Ivory, of Harts-horn each 2 drachms and an half, candied Eringo roots 6 drachms, root of Chervil, Dandelion, each half an ounce, Leaves of Harts-tongue, Liverwort each 1 handful, 1 Apple &s;liced, Rai&s;ins 1 handful, boyl them in 3 pounds of Spring water to the con&s;ump|tion of a third part. Let the colature be poured
<PB N="561" REF="246"> to 2 handfuls of Leaves of Brooklime brui&s;ed, <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> 1 drachm, and an half or fixt Nitre 1 drachm. Make a hot and clo&s;e Infu&s;ion for 3 hours. Take 4 or 6 ounces thrice a day. Take of Leaves of Brook|lime 4 pounds, Sorrel, Dandelion the whole each 2 handfuls, Snails clean&s;ed 1 pound, two Orange Peels. When they are &s;hred and brui&s;ed, pour to them of new Milk or Whey made with Syder or fre&s;h juice of Apples 6 pounds. De&s;til them the common way. Take 3 ounces twice or thrice a day.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the Rheumati&s;m.</HEAD>
<P>We conclude that this Di&s;ea&s;e comes from the congre&s;s and mutual efferve&s;cency of Salts that are of a divers original and nature, namely of a fixt one coming from the Blood, and an acid from the Ner|vous Liquor. The &s;ubjects of both the&s;e Salts are &s;uperfluous faeculencies, left by the fore&s;aid Hu|mors, when they are forced into a turge&s;cency, and poured &s;ometimes into this, &s;ometimes into the other part. Wherefore that the Di&s;ea&s;e may be cured, both the turge&s;cency of the Humours mu&s;t be &s;topt, and their &s;uperfluous faeculencies purged out, al&s;o the Salts either way degenerate mu&s;t be reduced to a &s;tate of volatility. For the two fir&s;t intentions a gentle purge, and Blood-letting is re|quired in the fir&s;t place, and accordingly as they can bear it, mu&s;t &s;ometime be repeated, and al&s;o Diureticks and Diaphoreticks, which may in &s;ome mea&s;ure convey away the Saline &s;ero&s;ities, mu&s;t now and then be given, which evacuations that they may be made more &s;edately, and be the bet|ter bore by the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of nature, Opiates mu&s;t be frequently made u&s;e of. For the other Scope, upon which the chief hinge of the Cure does hang, alteratives, and e&s;pecially &s;uch as are endued with a Volatil Salt, are very good: Wherefore in this Ca&s;e there is a vulgar but no contemptible Medi|cine, to give an Infu&s;ion of a Stone Hor&s;e dung in white Wine or &s;ome di&s;tilled water to 3 or 4 oun|ces twice a day. I have given Spirit of Harts horn and of Blood often in the&s;e Ca&s;es, to the Patient's great advantage.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of the Drop&s;ie.</HEAD>
<P>Whereas we judge there is a twofold Drop&s;ie comes upon the Scurvy, that is an habitual and an occa&s;ional one; about the Cure of the former we commonly lo&s;e our Labour: for no Remedies are able to re&s;tore the Liver and Lungs, and other Parts &s;ometimes wholly vitiated, and the frame of the Blood when it is utterly &s;ubverted. In &s;uch a Ca&s;e, if any thing can be found to be done, the bounds of Medicine are very narrow: for there is no place left for Catharticks, nor Diaphoreticks, nor for &s;trong evacuation of any &s;ort: We mu&s;t in|&s;i&s;t e&s;pecially, and almo&s;t only on Cordials and Diu|reticks. To the&s;e ends Elixirs, Tinctures, Electu|aries, Powders, Infu&s;ions, Decoctions, de&s;tilled Wa|ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which con&s;i&s;t partly of Antihydropicks, partly of Anti&s;corbuticks. A Scorbutick Drop&s;ie, from an evident cau&s;e, or rai&s;ed on a &s;udden from &s;ome occa&s;ion, does often admit of Cure, which in|deed that it may &s;ucceed the more ea&s;ily, the Tu|mults of nature ought fir&s;t to be quieted, and its di&s;orders re&s;trained: wherefore if watchings do &s;till annoy them, Sleep mu&s;t be procured by u&s;e of Opiates, and now and then as often as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion, forced. As &s;oon as they are able to be purged, the following powder may be taken, and at due intervals may &s;ometimes be repeated; in the mean time let the Body be kept Solutive by the frequent u&s;e of Cly&s;ters; Take of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> 1 &s;cruple, re&s;in of Jalap from 5 grains to 10, Cloves half a &s;cruple, let it be given in a &s;poonful of Panada. At other times Diureticks, and &s;ome|times Diaphoreticks may be carefully given; Take of the Tincture of Salt of Tartar impregnated with an Infu&s;ion of <HI>millepedes</HI> as much as you plea&s;e, g ve a &s;cruple or two twice a day with &s;ome appropri|ate Liquor. Take of the Spirit of <HI>Sal Ammoniack</HI> what you plea&s;e. The Do&s;e is from half a &s;cruple to 15 drops, in the &s;ame manner. Take of <HI>millepe|des</HI> prepared 3 drachms, Salt of Tartar 2 drachms, Nutmeg 1 drachm, mix them, make a powder. The Do&s;e is half a &s;cruple twice a day in &s;ome proper Liquor. Or, Take of Bees dried and powdered 2 drachms, &s;eed of <HI>Ammi</HI> powdered 1 drachm, oyl of Juniper 1 &s;cruple, Turpentine what is &s;ufficient. Make a ma&s;s of Pills. The Do&s;e is from 1 &s;cruple to half a drachm, twice a day drinking thereupon &s;ome Specifick Liquor. Take of Leaves of both Scurvy gra&s;&s;es, Water Cre&s;&s;es, Pepperwort, Ar&s;mart, each 3 handfuls, Root of Aron, Bryony, Florentine Orrice each 4 ounces, middle rind of Elder 2 hand|fuls, <HI>Winter</HI>'s bark 2 ounces, the outer rind of 4 Oranges, 3 Lemons, fre&s;h Juniper berries 4 ounces, when they are &s;hred and brui&s;ed, pour to them of Rheni&s;h Wine 4 pounds, Wine of the juice of El|der berries 2 pounds. De&s;til them the common way, let the whole water be mixt. The Do&s;e is 3 or 4 ounces twice a day after a Do&s;e of &s;ome Me|dicine pre&s;cribed before. Decoctions and Phy&s;ick Ales may be made, as before pre&s;cribed, adding Antihydropick Ingredients.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>Of Rattling of the Bones.</HEAD>
<P>There yet remains a Symptome, which &s;ome|times, though rarely befals a Scorbutick Per&s;on, to wit, the rattling of the Bones. I have known &s;ome, but not above 3 or 4, who having been a long time Sick of the Scurvy, have felt the hurt of it, not on|ly in the Humours and Fle&s;hy Parts, but in the ve|ry Bones: For whenever they bended their Limbs any way, the heads of the Bones, when they rubb|ed one again&s;t another, made a rattling, as if they had been bare; furthermore when they lay down in their Bed, and turned them&s;elves there from &s;ide to &s;ide, you might hear a great rattling from the Colli&s;ion of the <HI>Vertebrae,</HI> as if you had been jumbling a Skeleton, which affrighted the Patients them|&s;elves. The conjunct cau&s;e of this perhaps might &s;eem to be, becau&s;e when the &s;oft Inter&s;tice of the Bones, that is, the Fat, Membranes and Ligaments are much wa&s;ted, the junctures of them, like emp|ty Mill-&s;tones, make a noi&s;e by rubbing one again&s;t another. Yet it is evident, the matter is other|wi&s;e, for there is no &s;uch rattling of the Bones in extream Con&s;umptive Per&s;ons, nor are they al|wayes, that are troubled with this ail, Con&s;ump|tive: Wherefore we mu&s;t rather &s;ay, that the im|mediate cau&s;e of this Symptome is the dryne&s;s of the Bones, or want of the Marrow properly &s;o called, which ought to be contained within the Ca|vity of the Bones, and e&s;pecially in the heads of them; for &s;eeing all bones owze out Marrow or &s;ome unctuous matter every where, either at their great Cavities or Pores and narrow pa&s;&s;ages, we reckon the u&s;e of this to be, as well that the Bones being irrigated thereby, may become le&s;s brittle, as more over, that this Humour owzing out at the Nodes of the Bones, may &s;upple all the Joynts, and &s;o facilitate their motion, as the joynts of Machins are grea&s;ed with fat; wherefore the heads of the Bones, being de&s;titute of this Marrow, make a noi&s;e like Coach Wheels, when they are &s;eldom grea&s;ed. But if you will inquire into the Proca|tarctick cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e, why this unctuous ob|liniment of the Joynts is deficient: This indeed mu&s;t be imputed either to &s;ome fault in the Blood, as if it did not duly &s;upply the Bones with aliment
<PB N="562" REF="247"> partaking of Sulphur as well as Salt; which indeed is not very likely, becau&s;e the ma&s;s of Blood even in Scorbutick Per&s;ons, contains particles of both the fore&s;aid kinds, and be&s;ides, they that have this rattling of their Bones, do &s;hew a Skin and Mu&s;cles full enough of fat. Or &s;econdly, it rather &s;eems that the unctuous Humour, wherewith the Joynts are &s;uppled, is wanting through the fault of the Bones them&s;elves, becau&s;e, to wit, their Pores and Pa&s;&s;ages are &s;o ob&s;tructed by &s;ome extraneous mat|ter perhaps dreggy or tartareous, carried by the Blood, that they do not &s;ufficiently receive the Bal|&s;ame de&s;igned them, nor does it ouze out to moi|&s;ten their Joynts. Nor will it be ea&s;ie (becau&s;e the matter is wholly in the dark) to inquire the particular rea&s;ons of this Ail, nor to proceed in this Aitiology beyond &s;uch a conjecture as this. Nor are we le&s;s at a &s;tand, when we come to the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e; for although the primary In|dication, that is, the moi&s;tning of the Bones and Joynts be obvious enough, yet in what manner and with what Remedies it may be done, it does not &s;o plainly appear. For in this Ca&s;e I have known &s;everal Sorts of Medicines, and various modes of admini&s;tration tried altogether to no purpo&s;e. A certain ingenious Per&s;on, who had been mo&s;t grie|vou&s;ly troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e for many years, tried the advice of many and indeed Famous Phy|&s;icians, be&s;ide the u&s;ual Remedies, for the Scurvy (together with frequent Bleedings and Purgings, whereby he found no relief) he moreover tried various and great cour&s;es of Phy&s;ick, without any &s;ucce&s;s at all: for after he had tried one Phy&s;icians method for &s;ome Months to no purpo&s;e, he by and by betook him&s;elf to another, and &s;o afterwards to &s;everal: In the mean time a new method was alwayes pre&s;cribed by each, not tried by the for|mer, Fomentations, Liniments, and Frictions are daily applied to all his Joynts. One while he goes to <HI>Bath;</HI> then he drinks the Waters &s;ometimes one, &s;ometimes another. Which doing no good, he takes a Chalybeate cour&s;e, then a Decoction of the more temperate Woods, then a Milk diet, further, he was alwayes taking Electuaries, di&s;tilled Wa|ters, Apozemes, and other Remedies made of An|ti&s;corbuticks: And when he had in this manner for above 3 years con&s;tantly almo&s;t, lived Medical|ly and mi&s;erably, he was not a jot the better, as to the Cure of his fore&s;aid Ail; but in the mean time he was pretty &s;trong and had a good Sto|mach, he Married a Wife; and as to the other more common Symptomes of the Scurvy he was better: Hence you may &s;ee how pertinaci|ous a Di&s;ea&s;e the rattling of the Bones is, and that it &s;carce gives way to any Remedies, which I have experienced in others who have been ill of this Di&s;ea&s;e, and have wholly eluded all the pains of the Phy&s;ician.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. We have already largely explained both the pre&s;ervatory and curatory Indications, which concern the Cure of the Scurvy. It yet remains to &s;peak of the Vital Indication, that is, to declare in what method, and with what Remedies the Pa|tients &s;trength, when apt to &s;ink, may be &s;uppor|ted, or when decayed or &s;pent, may be re&s;tored. For the&s;e ends Cordials and Opiates mu&s;t be pre|&s;cribed to be taken, according to the Patients exi|gences, and moreover a re&s;torative cour&s;e of Diet, if at any time it be nece&s;&s;ary, and ever Anti&s;corbu|ticks mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed. As to Cordial Medicines, which put the Blood &s;tagnating in the Heart, in motion, kindle its flame half put out, and re&s;tore animal Spirits oppre&s;&s;ed or di&s;tracted, to their due liberty and irradiation; it is obvious that &s;everal Medicines, properly called Anti&s;corbuticks, do perform the&s;e intentions, &s;uch are namely <HI>Aqua ra|phani compo&s;ita,</HI> Snail water, and <HI>lumbricorum Magi&s;tralis,</HI> Spirit of Harts-horn, Soot, te&s;taceous powders, and many other things, which may be taken not only at certain hours, and according to the method and order pre&s;cribed, but as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion, whenever &s;wooning and fainting happen, and with good &s;ucce&s;s. Yet be&s;ides, they that are ob&s;erved to be very &s;ubject to pa&s;&s;ions of the Heart, fre|quent &s;woonings, loathing, vomiting, trembling, <HI>Vertigo</HI> and other horrible Symptomes, &s;hould al&s;o have ready other manner of Medicines, which are more properly called Cordials, whereby all &s;ink|ing of the Spirits may immediately be relieved. To this purpo&s;e the&s;e things are very proper, <HI>Elixir vitae Qu. majus,</HI> the &s;econd water in de&s;tilling of the &s;aid <HI>Elixir,</HI> a &s;poonful of it may be given &s;weetned, al&s;o <HI>Aqua Mirabilis, Aqua Bezoartica, Aqua Gilberti tempe|rata,</HI> Treacle water, Cinnamon water, to each of which, or compounded one with another <HI>Confectio Alkermes, Confectio de Hyacintho,</HI> powder of Pearl, or magi&s;tery of Coral, Syrup of Clove gilly-flowers or of Coral, or of Citron rind, or of Cinnamon may be added. Of the&s;e and other &s;uch &s;ort of Medi|cines divers forms may be pre&s;cribed, for example; Take of Treacle water, <HI>Mirabilis</HI> each 3 ounces, Balm 4 ounces, Syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> 1 drachm. Mix them. The Do&s;e 3 or 4 &s;poonfuls. Or, Take of <HI>Aqua mirabilis</HI> 6 ounces, Snail and Walnut water each 2 ounces, powder of Pearl 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Confectio de Hy|acintho</HI> 1 drachm, Syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers 1 ounce. Mix them. When Scorbutick Women are troubled with Hy&s;terick Fits, and Men with Con|vul&s;ions, Take of Water of Balm, Pennyroyal each 3 ounces, Compound water of Briony 4 ounces, Tincture of Ca&s;tor half an ounce, Tincture of Saf|fron 1 drachm, Syrup of Glove-gilly-flowers 1 drachm and an half, of Ca&s;tor tied in a rag and hung in the Gla&s;s 1 drachm. The Do&s;e 3 or 4 &s;poon|fuls. For them that de&s;ire their Cordials rather in a &s;olid form, Electuaries or Lozenges may be pre|&s;cribed; Take of <HI>Flos tunicae</HI> 3 ounces. <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> half an ounce, powder of Pearl 1 drachm. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Corals, make an Electuary. Take of <HI>Species diamargarit. frigid. diar|rhodon Abbatis</HI> each 1 drachm and an half, powder of Pearl 1 drachm, white&s;t Sugar di&s;&s;olved in Treacle water and boyled to the con&s;i&s;tency of Lozenges 4 ounces, oyl of Cinnamon 6 drops. Make Lozenges according to Art. As for Opiates and Anodyne Medicines, in &s;ome ails of Scorbutick Per&s;ons I had rather be deprived of any &s;ort of Medicine be&s;ide, than of the u&s;e of them: for I have not found a more excellent Remedy not only for pain and per|tinacious watching, but in A&s;thmatick Paroxy&s;ms, Vomitings, Loo&s;ene&s;s, and al&s;o in the <HI>Vertigo</HI> and Convul&s;ive pa&s;&s;ions, whenever nature is beyond mea&s;ure irritated, than to procure Sleep by giving a &s;afe narcotick. In the mean time great care mu&s;t be taken, not to give them, if any thing in the con|&s;titution of the Patient, or in the condition of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or time, forbid the giving of &s;uch a Medi|cine. Be&s;ide the u&s;ual Hypnoticks in Di&s;pen&s;ato|ries, to wit, <HI>Laudanum opiatum, Nepenthe, Philonium, Dia|codium</HI> and Syrup of red Poppy, I know moreover two preparations of <HI>Opium,</HI> which I u&s;e to give in form of a Tincture or liquid Extract from 10 to 20 drops in &s;ome appropriate Liquor. The diet or cour&s;e of Life, to be ob&s;erved by Scorbutick Per|&s;ons, is of very great moment in the method of Cure; which if neglected, or managed ami&s;s, other pre&s;criptions of Phy&s;ick conduce little or nothing to health. A diaetetick regiment extends to di|vers things, but it is e&s;pecially concerned about Air and the &s;ite of ones Habitation, meat and drink and motion and re&s;t of the Body. As to the fir&s;t, &s;uch Man&s;ions and Places of Habitation as in re|&s;pect of the Air or Soil breed the Scurvy, mu&s;t be avoided, they that de&s;ire either to cure or pre|vent this Di&s;ea&s;e, mu&s;t make it their bu&s;ine&s;s to chu&s;e an Air moderately hot and dry, which al&s;o mu&s;t be thin and pure, and &s;ufficiently eventilated.
<PB N="563" REF="247"> Meats of good juice and of ea&s;ie Concoction are proper, the gro&s;s and vi&s;cid, mouldy and ru&s;ty, al|&s;o unfermented food, or much compounded, pul&s;e, Milk meats, unripe fruits mu&s;t be avoided. I am &s;o far again&s;t all things pre&s;erved in Sugar, and that have much Sugar in them, that I think the inventi|on of it and its immoderate u&s;e has contributed very much to the va&s;t increa&s;e of the Scurvy in this la&s;t age: For this Concrete con&s;i&s;ts of a very &s;harp and corro&s;ive Salt, yet allayed with Sulphur, as appears plainly from the &s;pagyrical <HI>Analy&s;is</HI> of it. For Sugar di&s;tilled by it &s;elf yields a Liquor &s;carce Inferior to <HI>Aqua &s;tygia:</HI> And if you di&s;til it in a Copper Still mixt with a great quantity of fair water, although the fixt Salt a&s;cend not &s;o much; yet a very hot and pungent Liquor will come over like the &s;tronge&s;t <HI>Aqua vitae.</HI> Since therefore we eat &s;uch a quantity of Sugar mixt with almo&s;t all our Victuals, it is very likely, that by the daily u&s;e of it, the Blood and Humours are made Salt and &s;harp, and therefore Scorbutick. A certain Fa|mous Author has a&s;cribed the cau&s;e of the Con|&s;umption in <HI>England</HI> to the immodarate u&s;e of Su|gar among us: I know not, but that the cau&s;e of the frequent Scurvy may rather be derived from hence. Let the drink be midling Beer, mild and well clarified, and be&s;ides altered with Anti&s;corbu|tick Ingredients, without an ingrateful ta&s;t; it mu&s;t not be thick and &s;weet, nor over &s;tale and &s;ower: This may be drunk in a moderate quanti|ty, and almo&s;t only at &s;et times of Dinner and Sup|per. The cu&s;tome which has prevailed among ma|ny, that when they get out of their Bed, they im|mediately take a large Mornings draught (as they commonly call it) which is very pernicious. For by this means, &s;eeing the Sanguiferous Ve&s;&s;els are over filled, with a &s;tock of fre&s;h Chyle, poured in almo&s;t at once, and Crudities and Morbifick faeculencies are bred in the Blood, and the Sanguifick faculty is much weakned, truly it were better for mo&s;t Men (unle&s;s they who&s;e Stomach, while it is emp|ty, u&s;es to be trouble&s;omely Contracted and Cor|rugated) to fa&s;t till Dinner. Nor is the common cu&s;tome, of Mens &s;willing their full Cups immedi|ately after meals, le&s;s pernicious. Wine and Sy|der, &s;o they be mild, &s;incere and not adulterated, taken in a moderate quantity do no harm, but if they be adulterated, roapy, har&s;h, or eagre, nothing is more hurtful, and injurious to our health. Ex|erci&s;e and Labor are of &s;uch excellent benefit as well for the cure as prevention of the Scurvy, that many either pre&s;erve or recover their health by this Remedy alone: For the Blood and Nervous juice of &s;uch as are idle, and lead a &s;edentary life, like &s;tanding waters, contract &s;lime and filth. But by the con&s;tant and much exerci&s;e of the Body, the Humours and Spirits grow clear and vigorous, the excrementitious and heterogeneous particles eva|porate, the ob&s;tructions of the inwards are opened, and their tone is &s;trengthened.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. When I could get no con&s;tant ea&s;e, at la&s;t I took &s;ome Cream, Chamomil flowers, Water Cre&s;|&s;es and Juniper Berries boyled in Milk, and appli|ed the Catapla&s;m hot, and by Gods ble&s;&s;ing I think I have found a Panacaeon for all Scorbutick pains. &para; Take of Elder flowers 2 handfuls, boyl them in Wine, add 2 drachms of Soap, and make a &s;uffici|ent quantity of Ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Balth. Brun|nerus.</NOTE> a cloth dipt in which, and applied, mitigated the pain powerfully.</P>
<P N="2">2. For a painful Scurvy. All things premi&s;ed that &s;hould be premi&s;ed, let a Decoction of Worms be taken to cau&s;e a Sweat, afterwards let the joynts be rubbed with this Spirit. Take of Flowers of Lilly Conval 2 handfuls, Ro&s;emary 1 handful, Ca&s;tor, Seeds of Scurvy-gra&s;s each 6 drachms, Rocket half an ou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ce, infu&s;e them in the be&s;t rectified Spirit of Wine 8 ounces, &s;et them in the Sun for 3 dayes, &s;train them out well, add of Spirit of Worms 2 ounces and an half,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Dra|witzius.</NOTE> Camphire 1 drachm and an half. Mix them, with the&s;e things I have &s;ucce&s;sfully Cured Scorbutick Gouts.</P>
<P N="3">3. Our Syrup for the Scurvy is made of juice of Brooklime and Scurvy-gra&s;s with Sugar. I have not found a better Medicine for the Scurvy. &para; For the pain of Scorbutick joynts; I applied a bag full of ro&s;ted Salt, ro&s;ted Millet, Bran and Chamomil Flowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> and when the Bag was applied the pain cea&s;ed as if it had been charmed.</P>
<P N="4">4. The E&s;&s;ence of wild Pine; Take of the ten|der Branches of wild Pine or Fir a &s;ufficient quan|tity, boyl them in a &s;ufficient quantity of common water for an hour or two. Dige&s;t and thicken the Colature to the con&s;i&s;tence of an Extract, pour to it Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s or of &s;ome other Anti&s;cor|butick Herb, afterwards dige&s;t and filtre it, and you will have an E&s;&s;ence. The Do&s;e whereof is from 20 to 30 grains in a due Vehicle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> It is high|ly commended in the Scurvy and Contracture.</P>
<P N="5">5. Wall Rue has an excellent efficacy in Curing the Scurvy, with which all the Soldiers having the Scurvy, who were be&s;ieged in a certain Ca&s;tle, were cured. &para; An Infu&s;ion of Brooklime and Scur|vy-gra&s;s in Whey of Goat's Milk, is a vulgar Me|dicine, but does truly a great deal of good in the Scurvy. &para; Goo&s;e dung is al&s;o commended in this ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> from the juice of which Soldiers troubled with the Scurvy in a Siege, found great relief.</P>
<P N="6">6. This is a Secret, Take of the middle yellow rind of the root of Sloe-Tree 4 handfuls, Pepper powdered 2 &s;poonfuls, boyl them with Beer and Water, with this Decoction hot wa&s;h the Mouth, repeating it &s;everal times, then Take of the juice of Water-Cre&s;&s;es, pour to it &s;ome Wine, mix them, and keep them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jobus Korn|thaverus.</NOTE> wa&s;h and rub the Mouth and Gums often with this. &para; Take the juice of Squills, rub the Teeth and Gums, &s;o the Scurvy is cured.</P>
<P N="7">7. Among Diureticks, which are u&s;ed for the Scurvy, <HI>Penotus</HI> his opening Spirit bears the Bell from all others. I make it thus, Take the Spirit of Go&s;larian Vitriol 3 pounds and an half, Salt of Tartar 2 pounds and an half, calcined Flints 6 pounds, put them in an Earthen Retort and de&s;til them, increa&s;ing the Fire by degrees; let the <HI>ca|put mortuum</HI> be boyled, and the Spirit be impregna|ted with the Salt when it is boyled out, of which and Potters clay make balls, which being put again into a Retort, let them be de&s;tilled, and the de&s;til|led Spirit be rectified and kept for u&s;e. &para; <HI>Cnoffe|lius</HI> thus prepared his Narcotick, <HI>Arcanum;</HI> Take of Vitriol finely pulverized, and dried in a certain heat to whitene&s;s half a pound, pour to it 30 oun|ces of rectified Spirit of Wine, &s;et it in Hor&s;e-dung for a Month, when it is poured from the Dregs, di&s;til it in <HI>Balneo Mariae,</HI> till the re&s;idence of a yel|low Liquor, like the di&s;tilled Oyl; keep this, when it is ca&s;t forth. This is far better and &s;afer, as the Author affirms, then <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> The Do&s;e is 12 grains in &s;ome convenient Liquor.</P>
<P N="8">8. The common People in <HI>Holland</HI> commend a well known and ea&s;ie Medicine, made of the Leaves of Mar&s;h Trefoil, for mo&s;t Scorbutick Per&s;ons, e&s;|pecially &s;uch as are inclined to the Drop&s;ie, with very good &s;ucce&s;s. I gave to a certain Scorbutick Per&s;on, who had a Pal&s;ie, Con&s;umption, and Spots,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> an infu&s;ion of mar&s;h Trefoil, by the u&s;e of which alone he was perfectly well in 14 days. I have done the &s;ame in others.</P>
<P>(See before &sect; XII, XIII, XIV. <HI>Willis</HI> his Cure of the Scurvy.)</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="4" REF="248">
<HEAD><HI>Scroti Gangraena,</HI> or a Gangraene of the Cod.</HEAD>
<P>A Man about 40 years old, being drunk with Wine, fell &s;uddenly into a &s;welling of his Cod, with an acute Fever and a &s;udden failure of Strength, he got a Surgeon to cure it, who when he ob&s;erved the blackne&s;s of that Part and the exulceration of the whole <HI>Penis,</HI> yea and danger, becau&s;e there was a manife&s;t Gangraene, being doubtful of the Cure, de&s;ired the advice of a Phy&s;ician. When I was called, having fir&s;t given him a Cly&s;ter, becau&s;e he had not been at Stool for 2 dayes, I pre&s;cribed him a Catapla&s;m of <HI>Scordi|um,</HI> Rue, Meal of Lupines, and of Bitter Vetch, with Oxymel, Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I gave him <HI>Dia&s;enna Fraca&s;torii,</HI> and now and then Treacle-Water, be|cau&s;e I ob&s;erved &s;ome Malignity communicated to the Heart; for without it he could &s;carce breathe. The next day when we took off the Catapla&s;m, we found the outer Cuticle &s;eparated, and the third day the <HI>Scrotum</HI> open of it &s;elf: and about night ten pounds of Water run out. The fourth day his Stones were all bare, for the <HI>Scrotum</HI> was fallen away from the <HI>pecten</HI> to the <HI>perinaeum.</HI> Here we advi&s;ed, what &s;hould be done, and by drying and incarnating Remedies we prevailed &s;o far in 14 dayes time, that we had not only guar|ded the Stones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petrus Holt|zemius.</NOTE> with a <HI>Scrotum,</HI> but Nature al&s;o had clothed the <HI>Scrotum</HI> with new hair, the whole <HI>glans</HI> came again to the <HI>penis,</HI> all the Ulcers of the <HI>penis</HI> were healed, and he was able afterwards to act the part of a Man.</P>
<P>One forty years old, a &s;trong Man and of very good habit of Body, when in Summer-time he had heated him&s;elf exce&s;&s;ively, and had drunk a great draught of cold Water, was within a few dayes taken with a continual Feaver, of which he was rather cured by the benefit of Nature than by Art, in the mean time the intemperature and fault of his Liver remained, wherefore a little after he fell into a Cachexy, for he was fir&s;t taken with a Jaundice, then with a Drop&s;y. Dr. <HI>Cronenburgius</HI> u&s;ed all things nece&s;&s;ary; at la&s;t a &s;erous Humor falling into the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> they cal|led Dr. <HI>Slotanus</HI> to con&s;ult: Both of them u&s;e their utmo&s;t Indu&s;try, in the mean time the &s;wel|ling of the Cod cea&s;es not, but by degrees the Native heat being extinct, it turns to a Gangraene in the Part. They &s;carify the <HI>Scrotum</HI> all over with a Lancet, and wa&s;h it with Salt and Treacle di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar, not neglecting <HI>&V;nguentum Ae|gyptiacum,</HI> and a Catapla&s;m, of meal of Lupines, of Darnel, Aloes, Myrrhe, <HI>Scordium,</HI> and other things that re&s;i&s;t putrefaction. They pre&s;cribe a very good cour&s;e of Diet, Strengthners and Openers of ob&s;tructions, inwardly and outwardly: In the mean time, when the Water ran plentifully out of the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> the Patient grew better. At length the gangrened <HI>Scrotum</HI> part of it fell away by the benefit of Nature and Medicines, part al&s;o, which was gangrened, was cut off with a Razor, &s;o that the Stones might be &s;een bare, the Ulcer remained open for &s;ome Months.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabritius Hildanus. <HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 77.</NOTE> In the mean time Nature by this way evacuated whatever excrementitious Humors were in the Bowels, &s;o that the Noble Parts were perfectly re&s;tored, and the Patient fully cured of his Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Singultus,</HI> or the Hickup.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure mu&s;t be varied according to the variety of Cau&s;es. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Periodical one, which would only give way to Bleeding. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Tedious one &s;topt. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Opiates. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To what Place outward Applications mu&s;t be made. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Antimonial Vomits are be&s;t in this Ca&s;e. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits repeated do good. <HI>VII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. B. <HI>Sylvaticus,</HI> gave to one, that had had the Hickup grievou&s;ly for &s;even dayes, <HI>Hiera</HI> with <HI>Oxymel:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> when he had voided above 12 ounces of Phlegm, he was perfectly well. &para; Several who have been almo&s;t killed with the Hickup, after purging for 5 dayes with <HI>hiera piera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Daretus.</NOTE> have put an end to the Hickup. &para; One who had had the Hickup 20 dayes and was in great danger of Death, was at length &s;aved by an infu&s;ion of Mechoacan.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Ferdinandus,</NOTE> &para; A Boy ten years old, Hickuped day and night for 8 dayes, I gave him water of Green-Nuts, de&s;til|led with Radi&s;h fir&s;t &s;teeped in Vinegar. Although he did not Vomit, yet his Hickup cea&s;ed; after the &s;econd Draught about night he was wholly freed of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> &para; A Surgeon falling Sick was in a lit|tle time &s;o troubled with Hickuping at turns day and night, that he could neither Eat, Speak nor Sleep as he ought: When he had taken a &s;trong Chymical Vomit, he at &s;everal times voided a va&s;t quantity of aeruginous and black Choler; and his Hickup wholly cea&s;ed. &para; A Colonel,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> when he was exceeding Hot, quenched his Thir&s;t with cold water, mixt with Nitre, a good quantity at once, upon which he fell into a violent Hickup. The Water was thrown off by a Vomit; Stomach-Water was given him; a Catapla&s;m of Stoma|chicks was applied to his Stomach; at length when &s;ome <HI>c onfectio anacardina</HI> and <HI>lignum Aloes</HI> was given him, he left Hickuping the third day.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Timaeus:</NOTE> &para; A Girl thirteen years of Age had been afflicted a whole year with a very trouble&s;ome Hickup: the Symptome had troubled her the whole foregoing Winter, &s;he was free of it in the Summer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> about <HI>Au|tumn</HI> it came again with its former Cruelty. I gave her of <HI>Calomolanos</HI> 16 grains, of <HI>Diagridium</HI> 8 grains, that day her Di&s;ea&s;e was taken away. &para; A Man of 40 years old was taken with an Hickup, which was at|tended with &s;trange Symptomes. In the Dog-dayes he had &s;o &s;willed him&s;elf with cold water that through the immoderate Cold, he fell into the Convul&s;ion of the Stomach. After I had tried all manner of Remedies, I thought a hot Bath might correct this intemperature: From which, being made of Bay, Wild-Time <HI>&amp;c.</HI> he received &s;uch benefit, that within 5 dayes he was well.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> In the mean time a Bag was applied to the region of his Stomach in which the fore&s;aid Herbs were put. &para; N. being &s;ick of a Malignant Feaver was tormented with a grievous Hickup: having tried &s;everal things I pre&s;cribe 2 grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> with an Emul&s;ion of the 4 Seeds,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> wherein a drachm of <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> was di&s;&s;olved. Within an hour the Hickup cea|&s;ed and returned no more. &para; I cured one that was ill of a grievous Hickup with one Draught of Seed of Dill, Carroway, Pur&s;lain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> and white Pop|py boyled in Small Beer. &para; <HI>Ery&s;imachus</HI> the Phy|&s;ician cured <HI>Ari&s;tophanes</HI> of the Hickup by Snee|zing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plato.</NOTE> when he could not be cured by holding his Breath. &para; <HI>Rainutius Farne&s;ius</HI> being almo&s;t killed with a deadly Hickup, was cured by applying a Weather new opened to his Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> &para; A
<PB N="565" REF="248"> young Man having wrenched the eleventh <HI>ver|tebra</HI> of his back, which is over again&s;t the upper Orifice of the Stomach, was grievou&s;ly afflicted with a perpetual Vomiting, and there was no place for Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> &para; The Sympathick Hickup, which ari&s;es from Sympathy with a Rupture in|carcerated, and is often attended with black Vomiting, follows the Patients till Death, and is not curable but by re&s;toring the Rupture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfincius.</NOTE> The &s;ame judgment may be given of an Hickup coming upon an Inflammation of the Liver. &para; One that had been vext 3 whole Months with the Hickup, could not be cured with any Remedies, till the extremity of his Rib, which was found turned in, and run into the Stomach without any &s;en&s;e or pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernelius.</NOTE> was gently rai&s;ed. &para; One that had the Hick|up from Windine&s;s, recovered by this following Remedy, Take of <HI>Philonium</HI> 1 &s;cruple, <HI>diagalanga</HI> 2 &s;cruples, give it in Wine. This did another good; Take of the be&s;t Treacle 1 drachm, powder of Dit|tany half a drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> give it with a little Wine. &para; A Hickup in Feavers &s;ometimes follows the in|temperate u&s;e of cooling Juleps, as I have ob|&s;erved &s;everal &s;o held through the unadvi&s;ed Ra&s;hne&s;s of their Phy&s;itians;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jodocus Lommius.</NOTE> and I removed this Symptome, contrary to the Opinion of them all, by drinking Wine.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Maid, healthy in all other re&s;pects, was commonly once a year for the mo&s;t part at one &s;et time afflicted with a Pertinacious Hickup, that de&s;pi&s;ed all Medicines. At length a Remedy was found, bleeding freely in the Arm. It may be, becau&s;e &s;ome Flatulent thing, joyned with &s;ome|thing &s;harp, which di&s;turbed the Blood-ve&s;&s;els of the Diaphragm, and by con&s;ent the Nerves al&s;o, might find a Pa&s;&s;age by opening a Vein &s;o near.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. I have &s;everal times cured even the mo&s;t Contumacious Hickup with this Mixture; Take of Quince Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Schult. <HI>in M. C. an.</HI> 1676. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 149.</NOTE> Tincture of Ro&s;es each 1 ounce, Syrup of Quinces half an ounce, Extract of Zeodary 15 grains, di&s;tilled Oyl of Orange-Peel 4 grains, <HI>Landanum Opiatum</HI> 4 grains. Mix them. The potion mu&s;t be taken by &s;poonfuls.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Opiates above all things conduce to the cure of any Hickup, not only as they qualifie all &s;harp Humors, but more over as they obtund the &s;en&s;e of the Stomach, and it may be, al&s;o make the Animal Spirits more torpid to Motion, if &s;o be they be u&s;ed by turns in a &s;mall quantity, and &s;o long, till the Hickup either cea&s;e or be notably di|mini&s;hed; for example, Take of Mint Water 2 ounces, &s;imple Treacle-water half an ounce, <HI>Confectio Alkermes</HI> 1 drachm, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> 2 grains, Syrup of Mint 1 drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius <HI>de le</HI> Boe. Prax. <HI>l. c.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">9. &sect;. 10.</NOTE> Mix them. Give a &s;poonful.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Galen</HI> 5. <HI>de loc. affect.</HI> c. 4. &s;ayes, that Patients &s;ometimes perceive a weakne&s;s of the Gullet, when what they take is a long time and with great difficulty in getting down the Gullet to the Stomach, which &s;ometimes at the fir&s;t e&s;&s;ay get down ea&s;ily, then again they are forced down, as if they &s;tuck, like as when one has eaten &s;owre Pears, which by their &s;typticity &s;traiten the Gullet lying on the Back, and hinder the going down: Then if they be clapped on the <HI>vertebraes</HI> of the Back with ones Hand or between the Shoul|ders, upon which the Gullet re&s;ts, whatever &s;ticks is forced down into the Stomach, whereby at length the <HI>larynx</HI> is dilated and can take in the Air freely. Therefore the Ancient Phy&s;itians were not ami&s;s, who, when they were to cure the Hickup, or any di&s;ea&s;es of the Mouth, of the Stomach or Gullet, made not their outward Applications to the <HI>Epi|ga&s;trium,</HI> but applied them to the Back and <HI>vertebrae</HI> of the Neck, which <HI>Aetius lib.</HI> 15. <HI>c.</HI> 147. very lear|nedly teaches, If, &s;aith he, the Hickup be con|tinued, we mu&s;t u&s;e Sneezing and Cupping-gla&s;|&s;es al&s;o over all the Spine, and e&s;pecially about the greater <HI>vertebrae</HI> of the Diaphragm, that is, the 12th and 13th <HI>vertebra</HI> of the Back, and draw it to the Spine: For the continnual application of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, often rectifies and opens the Mouth of the Stomach, contracted and as it were obliquely twi&s;ted by the Hickup. It is al&s;o very good to bind the extreme Parts and dip them in Water. This Doctrine of <HI>Aetius Galen</HI> maintains by an agreeing &s;uffrage 11. <HI>Meth.</HI> I call the Gul|let in this place the Stomach, &s;aith he, which the Greeks properly call the Stomach; &s;ometimes al&s;o they &s;o call the Mouth of the Stomach, as when they &s;ay, A Man &s;woons &s;tomachichally. But we apply a Catapla&s;m for the Gullet, which is properly called the Stomach, to the Spine and not to the Brea&s;t. We do the &s;ame al&s;o, when the Mouth of the Stomach has an Inflammation, be|cau&s;e it re&s;ts upon the Spine, along the Neck and Brea&s;t to the Belly. Wherefore Nur&s;es, when Infants and Children are troubled with Vomiting and Turning of the Stomach, they think the Gul|let and the Mouth of the Stomach are convul&s;e, and they &s;et a Cupping-gla&s;s to the Belly, and they garter up the Skin about the twelfth <HI>vertebra</HI> of the Back, they take it in their Fingers and lift it up; or they force it into a Cupping-gla&s;s or Jug with Tow kindled, as <HI>Aetius</HI> does,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius <HI>Ep.</HI> 44. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> which one would think &s;ucceeded well, and the Vomit &s;topt becau&s;e the Gullet and Mouth of the Stomach were re&s;tored to their former &s;eat.</P>
<P N="6">VI. As often as hurtful or &s;harp Food or Phy&s;ick, or rather Poi&s;on is contained in the Stomach, and cau&s;es the Hickup, it ought to be expelled ei|ther by Vomit, upwards, a &s;horter way, or by Pur|ging, downwards, a longer way, which may be un|der&s;tood al&s;o of any Humours in the Stomach or &s;mall Guts, which cau&s;e the Hickup. I prefer a|mong Vomits, Antimonials before all the re&s;t, both becau&s;e they do with &s;ucce&s;s evacuate all Humors promi&s;cuou&s;ly; and becau&s;e they are mo&s;t amicable to Humane Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Silvius <HI>de le</HI> Boe.</NOTE> reducing all the Humors in Man by &s;ome peculiar way to a very laudable State by degrees; if &s;o be that too great a quantity of them be not taken at once.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When after Narcoticks have been con|veniently u&s;ed, and a Vomit taken, and little or nothing is voided upwards or downwards, and the Hickup continues; if the &s;igns of bad Hu|mours being in the Stomach or in the Guts nigh, which cau&s;e this Ail, you may then &s;afely either the &s;ame day, but in a le&s;s quantity, or the next day in little a larger quantity give a Vomit; to the end the peccant Humors may either be further corrected, or di&s;charged upwards or downwards or both ways. For &s;o the cure of the Hickup will be performed &s;afely, not unplea&s;antly and &s;oon enough, which is truly rational and dogmatical, relying e&s;pecially on Experience, and on &s;ound Rea&s;on, not on a faint and commentitious one, and therefore on a fal&s;e one.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. There are many who by affrighting People unawares in the Hickup, obtain their end; others advi&s;e to rub the Ear long with the little Finger.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;ar Baricullus.</NOTE> And <HI>Ly&s;imachus</HI> has given out, that Sprinkling with cold Water and holding ones Breath, &s;tops the Hickup.</P>
<P N="2">2. Among the &s;tronger &s;ort of Remedies for the Hickup, there is Powder of Dittany (if it ari&s;e from Cold or Wind) with Cretan or Falernian Wine. But a Decoction of Dill,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> about 3 Gla&s;&s;es of it drunk at once, wonderfully &s;tops the Hickup with pain.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="568" REF="249"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE>3. This Fomentation is very good, if Ca&s;tor, Pepper and Mu&s;tard boyled in &s;trong Vinegar, be applied with a Sponge to the Stomach.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is <HI>A&s;elepius</HI> his famous Remedy; Take of Galangale, Saffron, Spikenard, green Ro&s;es, Ma|&s;tiche, each 4 &s;cruples, <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> Aloes each 2 &s;cru|ples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lat. &agrave; Fontae.</NOTE> <HI>Opium</HI> 1 &s;cruple, with juice of Fleawort make little balls. The Do&s;e 1 &s;cruple every Morning.</P>
<P>(See &sect;. 1. of the Hickup.)</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Sitis,</HI> or Thir&s;t.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Method of cure is not alwayes the &s;ame. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweet and Sugered things increa&s;e rather than quench Thir&s;t. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Nitre. <HI>III.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THir&s;t is a Pa&s;&s;ion of the Mouth of the Sto|mach, which is &s;ometimes afflicted by Sympathy, &s;ometimes by it &s;elf: If by it &s;elf, all agree it mu&s;t be removed by drinking: If by Sympathy with the Lungs, not drinking of Water, but in&s;piration of cold Air alone is &s;ufficient to a&s;|&s;wage it. Nor is it &s;ufficient to know that the primary Affection is in the Lungs, and the con|&s;ent in the Stomach, we mu&s;t con&s;ider al&s;o, whether the Thir&s;t, that is cau&s;ed in the Stomach, be proper by con&s;ent, &s;o as that it be partly cau&s;ed, and partly cau&s;ing by rea&s;on of the Fo|menting it by the Lungs: for not only Coolers and Moi&s;tners &s;hould be directed to the Lungs, but to the Stomach al&s;o. Continuance of time and a &s;oft ha|bit declare that an Idiopathy is made:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> Becau&s;e that all Sympathy, if it continue long, and the part affect|ed be &s;oft, becomes Idiopathy. &para; The Hermetick Phy&s;itians contend that immoderate Thir&s;t comes from thir&s;ty Spirits, bred of &s;ulphureous Impurities, which will not be &s;ated with &s;imple Cooling and Moi&s;tning, but with other Spirits analogous to them&s;elves: Thus we &s;ee in Ague-fits, inten&s;e Thir&s;t is a little &s;topt by drinking a great quantity of Water, which yet more ea&s;ily gives way to a|cid Spirits of Vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>cap.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Sulphur, Salt and the like, mixt with a far le&s;s quantity of Water. &para; If an irregular Thir&s;t ari&s;e, &s;uch as is u&s;ually cau&s;ed by the Drop&s;ie, while the Stomach receives Nitrous, Salt, or a Putrid, Vapor or Humor from the <HI>Peri|tonaeum,</HI> it cannot be &s;topt by drinking (but the plenty of the Salt or Nitrous Humor will be encrea&s;ed, whereby it is al&s;o encrea&s;ed and ex|a&s;perated) but by &s;uch things as dull the Sen&s;e of the Mouth of the Stomach, or qualifie and make gentle the Humors and Vapors; &s;o Starch and the Water of it, &s;o Mucilages, and &s;ometimes fat Things, do good to Admiration:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> But when the faulty Thir&s;t comes from the heat of the Lungs, you may cure it by in&s;piration of cold Air and often Wa&s;h|ing the Mouth with very cold Water. &para; Both watry things, which dilute and carry to the Uri|nary Pa&s;&s;ages the lixivious Salt of the Bile, and A|cids, which powerfully break and turn its Acrimo|ny, and Oyly things which &s;mooth the &s;ame Acri|mony, to wit, Milk and Emul&s;ions made of Oyly Seeds,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. Sylvius. <HI>l.</HI> 1 <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> cure encrea&s;ed Thir&s;t above all other things: And the Watry things may conveniently be joyned both with the acid and Oyly ones, and &s;o they will do the more good. &para; It &s;ometime happens that Thir&s;t is encrea&s;ed by the <HI>Serum,</HI> where, becau&s;e Water abounds in the Body to|gether with the lixivial Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid Hof|mannus. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 19.</NOTE> plentiful drinking is not convenient, but an acid Spirit, &s;uch as Spirit of Salt, <HI>aperitivus Penoti,</HI> &amp;c. diluted, taken by &s;poonfuls, whereby the hurtful Acrimony of the lixivious Salt is powerfully amended. &para; The Cau&s;e of it is the Nidorous ferment of the Stomach, made over &s;alt and &s;harp, as we &s;ee it happens in Feavers, Salt Catarrhs, the Drop&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Sto|mach, &s;ince it has a Coat common with the Gullet and Palate, ea&s;ily communicates it Quality to them, and al&s;o cau&s;es Thir&s;t. Want of Moi&s;t|&s;ture is not &s;ufficient to cau&s;e Thir&s;t, wherefore Thir&s;t cea&s;es not by drinking, unle&s;s it carry a|long with it a <HI>Medium,</HI> Analogous to &s;eize the ferment; Wherefore Acids quench a fal&s;e Thir&s;t, ju&s;t as Water quenches the Fire.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> Well rectified Spirit of Vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippocrates.</NOTE> Spirit of Sulphur and the like ea&s;e Thir&s;t in Fevers. It quenches Thir&s;t to &s;hut ones Mouth, hold ones Tongue, and to take the cool Air and Drink. &para; For the &s;ame Cure will not &s;erve all &s;orts;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius. 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.</NOTE> For that which is cau&s;ed by the heat of the Lungs and Brea&s;t, the in&s;piration of cold Air is fitter than Drink, and that rather very cold, than much of it. &para; If Thir&s;t come through the fault of the Reins, as it does in a <HI>Diabetes,</HI> I think you can|not u&s;e a better Remedy in this Ca&s;e, than one that cau&s;es re&s;t, or &s;tupifies, or at lea&s;t le&s;&s;ens Sen&s;e. So for &s;uch this is good, to take every o|ther Night an ounce and an half of Syrup of Pop|py with Barly water or a decoction of Mallows. To which purpo&s;e it is good al&s;o to lick &s;ome of the &s;ame in the day-time. Syrup of Pur&s;lain is al&s;o good and <HI>de mucilaginibus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> and whatever takes off the &s;harpne&s;s of Sen&s;e. &para; Although <HI>Hippocrates, aphor.</HI> 24. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 5. &s;eems to forbid Milk to the Thir&s;ty, yet it mu&s;t be under&s;tood of them only who are exce&s;|&s;ive Thir&s;ty through too much Heat: and a ma&s;s of putrid and cholerick Humors in whom Milk is ea|&s;ily corrupted, and not of them who are Thir&s;ty through Heat and Con&s;umption;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Varandaeus</HI> tract. de ven|triculi M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r|bis, p. <HI>102.</HI></NOTE> for in the &s;ame Aphori&s;m he allows Milk to Hectick Per&s;ons, though in a Feaver. <HI>Galen. l.</HI> 7. <HI>Meth.</HI> pre&s;cribes the u&s;e of Milk and the warm Bath to hec|ticks.</P>
<P N="2">II. They are in an Error, who, when they &s;ee &s;ick People almo&s;t killed with Thir&s;t, give them things candied with Sugar, and Con&s;erves, as of the Sowr part of Citron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which although perhaps without Sugar they might quench Thir&s;t, yet with it they will never quench Thir&s;t. Chil|dren know that Sugar increa&s;es Thir&s;t: It is better to take nothing at all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius <HI>Meth. l.</HI> 13. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> becau&s;e if the Tongue were not fouled with the&s;e &s;weet Things, it would not for &s;ome hours be &s;o Thir&s;ty. Therefore I wonder, that Phy&s;icians, though they &s;ee it dai|ly, do not ab&s;tain from it.</P>
<P N="3">III. Nitre and <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> have a Virtue to quench Thir&s;t and Heat. <HI>Hartman</HI> in his <HI>Praxis</HI> mixes 1 ounce of it prepared with a pint of Liquor or Wa|ter, for a drink for Feaveri&s;h Per&s;ons. I &s;carce go above 5 &s;cruples, for it weakens the Stomach a little, and therefore &s;ometimes cau&s;es a Loo&s;ne&s;s;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderus, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 23.</NOTE> but it may be given from half a drachm to an whole one, without harm, e&s;pecially with Sugar, whereby its bitterne&s;s is mitigated.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Lin&s;eed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> and Quince &s;eed tied up in a rag like a little Ball, and &s;teeped in Violet water, if it be held in the Mouth, wonderfully quenches Thir&s;t.</P>
<P N="2">2. The&s;e Pills wonderfully quench Thir&s;t; Take of &s;eeds of Melon, Cucumbers, candied Lettuce|&s;talk. <HI>Diacodium</HI> in a &s;olid Form, and Sugar 2 drachms, Sacch. candi violat. Trag. each 1 drachm. With the White of an Egg make Pills. Hold one un|der the Tongue, and let it di&s;&s;olve by little and little in the Mouth and then &s;wallow it. &para; Pieces
<PB N="567" REF="249"> of Water-Melon held in the Mouth are highly ap|proved to quench thir&s;t in a Pe&s;tilential Feaver. Some al&s;o, as a Secret, hold water with as much Vinegar as the Patient likes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aeu&s;tach. Rudius.</NOTE> in the Mouth, and give them to drink.</P>
<P N="3">3. The heat of the Body and of the <HI>Praecordia</HI> mu&s;t be quenched with Epithemes, whereby I have oftner with &s;ucce&s;s cured thir&s;t, than with inter|nal things. For by applying juice of Cichory, En|dive, Pur&s;lain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with Vinegar and <HI>Spec. diatri&ohgr;n Santal&ohgr;n</HI> to the region of the Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Here. Saxonia.</NOTE> and often re|peating it, I have done a great deal of good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Sinus,</HI> or a deep running Impo&s;thume.</HEAD>
<P>(See <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> Book VI. and <HI>&V;lcus</HI> Book XVIII.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Somnus preter naturam,</HI> or Praeternatural Sleep. (See <HI>Lethargus</HI> Book X.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Not all that is extended beyond the u&s;ual time, mu&s;t be inte|rupted. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opening of the Jugular Veins is gaod in &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Vertue of Cre&s;&s;es in awakening from &s;leep. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking of Coffee is not good for all. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by an Hypnotick. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The method of Curing a <HI>Coma. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by a Cautery behind in the Head. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Compounded <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> mu&s;t be given with great care. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOmetimes in great want of re&s;t, &s;leep is &s;o long prolonged, and &s;o &s;ound, that it may &s;eem a &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;e, and deceive the Phy&s;ician both in length of time and deepne&s;s of the &s;leep, as in tho&s;e that are over tired, or have over watched, or over wrought them&s;elves. So I &s;aw one who af|ter he had lain &s;ick 34 dayes, and had not changed his Linnen all the time of his Di&s;ea&s;e, when he had changed it, and was laid in a &s;oft and clean Bed, &s;lept 36 hours continually. He was thought to be carotick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ludovicus, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 2.</NOTE> but he was not &s;o; for at length he awa|ked, took meat, and the next day was well.</P>
<P N="2">II. To open the outer jugular by a Skilful Sur|geon, is good in &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;es, and is proved from many Hi&s;tories. Some prefer 2 or 3 Leeches ap|plied along that Vein, to the angle of the lower Jaw,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> where it &s;tands up and may be &s;een.</P>
<P N="3">III. In deep Sleep it is good to eat Cre&s;&s;es ei|ther boyled in Broth, or raw in Sallets: for there is nothing dries the Brain more than Cre&s;&s;es: whence came the Proverb to drowzy Per&s;ons, <HI>go eat Cre&s;&s;es.</HI> Where I cannot but wonder, why <HI>Ferne|lius</HI> cap. 2. lib. 2. <HI>Pathol.</HI> writes that Cre&s;&s;es cau&s;e Sleep.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius. <HI>cap.</HI> 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Drinking of Coffee, &s;eeing it is very effectu|al in keeping off drowzine&s;s, &s;omething mu&s;t be &s;aid here of its effects, and the rea&s;on of its working. From the Ea&s;tern People, to whom it has been long ago familiar, it is become cu&s;tomary among us. I think the nature of it con&s;i&s;ts in this, that it pre|&s;ently communicates its adu&s;t particles (with which it abounds, according to both its ta&s;t and &s;cent) to the Blood, and then to the Nervous juice, which therefore by their incongruity and mobility or re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s do both keep open the Pores of the ou|ter part of the Brain, and add certain goads and pricks to the Spirits, which are deprived of any other chain or torpidne&s;s, whereby they are the longer excited to perform their offices. For to fall a&s;leep the&s;e two things are nece&s;&s;arily required, of which &s;ometimes the one, &s;ometimes the other is the greater &s;harer in cau&s;ing it: Namely, all the Pores and Pa&s;&s;ages of the out part of the Brain, mu&s;t be very much &s;tuffed and filled, from the Liquor which overflows there out of the Blood, and therefore mu&s;t be &s;topt: Then be&s;ides, to accom|pli&s;h this effect, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the animal Spi|rits, being excluded from the&s;e pa&s;&s;ages, and more|over oftentimes loaden with nutritious and &s;erous Particles, mu&s;t betake them&s;elves to the middle of the Brain there to lye quiet. In the performance of the&s;e tasks nece&s;&s;ary to Sleep, the order is not alwayes one and the &s;ame; for &s;ometimes the Ani|mal Spirits do fir&s;t and of their own accord for&s;ake the&s;e &s;paces, the Nervous juice running immediate|ly into the vacant places: And &s;ometimes the Ner|vous juice mixt plentifully with the <HI>Serum</HI> fir&s;t in|vades the&s;e pa&s;&s;ages, driving thence the Spirits, though again&s;t their will, and forcing them inwards. But the operation of Coffee &s;eems contrary to both the&s;e effects: for immediately upon drinking of it, its adu&s;t Particles, that are very nimble and re&s;t|le&s;s, being carried into the Blood, do put its Li|quor a little in fu&s;ion and force the &s;erous Liquor to the Kidneys and habit of the Body: Moreover when they arrive at the Brain, they ea&s;ily open its Pores, which by their mobility they keep very open; while&s;t they joyning with the Spirits, de|&s;poyl them of all their other Particles, as well Slee|py as Nutritious, and &s;o being light and fleet do put them every where into motion, and cau&s;e them to be expanded through the whole compa&s;s of the Brain, when it is free from all gravative oppletion and ob&s;truction. Yet in the mean time while the Spirits are in this manner con&s;tantly and unweari|edly exerci&s;ed, the Nervous juices are deprived of acce&s;s and a&s;&s;imilation, their &s;tores are not &s;uffici|ently and after their wonted manner recruited, in|deed the old Spirits are rendred more nimble and unwearied, but the recruits of new ones are dimi|ni&s;hed. Hence it may mo&s;t ea&s;ily appear, that this drink, though in common u&s;e, and in &s;ome ca&s;es very u&s;eful and medical, perhaps in others is hurtful and not &s;o whole&s;ome. And that the matter is &s;o, not only rea&s;on but vulgar ob&s;ervation does com|monly &s;hew, in as much as exce&s;&s;ive Coffee-drink|ers oftentimes grow lean, and &s;ubject to the Pal|&s;ie and impotency to <HI>Venus.</HI> The fir&s;t effect is &s;o frequent and every where known, that we only therefore forbid them the drinking of Coffee, be|cau&s;e it inclines to leanne&s;s: Becau&s;e, when the Blood by continual and too frequent u&s;e becomes &s;harp and retorrid, it is therefore le&s;s fit for to nouri&s;h. As to the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brain and Ner|vous kind, I reckon, that when I am &s;ometime call|ed to cure them, no man pre&s;cribes it to be drunk &s;o frequently, as I: for it is my cu&s;tome to &s;end them more to the Coffee-Hou&s;es than to Apothe|caries Shops. Truly in mo&s;t Cephalick Sickne&s;&s;es, that is, Head-ache, <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Lethargy, Catarrhe and the like, where there is a moi&s;t Brain, but a &s;low|ne&s;s and torpidne&s;s of the Animal Spirits, with a cold con&s;titution, or not very hot, and a watry Blood, Coffee is often drunk with advantage: for drunk every day, it clarifies and illu&s;trates both parts of the Soul, and di&s;pels all mi&s;ts of the Functions whatever. But on the contrary, they that are lean, and of a Cholerick Con&s;titution or Melancholick, who have a &s;harp and retorrid Blood, a hot Brain, and too eagre and re&s;tle&s;s ani|mal Spirits, ought altogether to ab&s;tain from that drink, becau&s;e it further perverts the Spirits and Humours, and renders them altogether unapt and unable to undergo any Functions. For I have ob|&s;erved many who have not had &s;ufficient plenty of
<PB N="568" REF="250"> Spirits, and be&s;ides troubled with the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> pal|pitation of the Heart, trembling of the Limbs or numbne&s;s, have been wor&s;e as to tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es upon drinking of Coffee, and have pre&s;ently per|ceived an unu&s;ual languidne&s;s in their whole Bo|dy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. A Maid about 20 years old, was about the beginning of Autumn held with a double Tertian for 12 dayes, and was cured of it by Remedies, Her Fits returned again, but &s;ome new Symptomes came in the Fit, namely, much Sleep, redne&s;s of Face, prominence of Eyes, a pricking pain in the left &s;ide, and a great difficulty in &s;wallowing. I &s;u&s;pected an hy&s;terick affection was complicated with the Ague fit, and I pre&s;cribed her hy&s;terick Remedies, notwith&s;tanding which, the Di&s;ea&s;e con|tinued. After a few dayes the Symptomes return|ed without the Ague, which confirmed my opini|on, for the pain of her left &s;ide went to her right, &s;ometimes pricking pains appeared in divers parts of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> with a pain in the Stomach, and loathing, and &s;ometimes a Fit of the Mother. Be|fore the Fit came, &s;he took by my advice 4 little Pills of <HI>Laudanum,</HI> and a little after, the Fit came; but within 2 hours, when the <HI>Laudanum</HI> began to work all things abated, &s;he was well the whole Night, whereas the foregoing &s;he had been tor|mented.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 20.</NOTE> Hence this Paradox may be gathered, that a Sleepy Di&s;ea&s;e may be Cured by the u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. In a <HI>Coma</HI> our chief endeavour mu&s;t be, to pre|vent the efflux of new morbifick matter into the Brain, and to di&s;cu&s;s and get out what is got thi|ther already. Moreover the animal Spirits mu&s;t be awakened, and all torpidne&s;s and &s;leepyne&s;s taken from them: To this end we mu&s;t Purge, Bleed, Cup, Bli&s;ter, make application of revul&s;ives and di&s;cutients, give Cephalick Medicines, and &s;uch e&s;|pecially as are indued with a volatil Salt, and u&s;e &s;everal other wayes of Admini&s;tration. But if this Di&s;ea&s;e follow &s;ome other Sickne&s;s, or come upon any Man, who&s;e Body is already much wa&s;ted, his Blood vitiated, or much depauperated, we mu&s;t fir&s;t con&s;ider well of Bleeding and Purging before we do either, nay, for the mo&s;t part we mu&s;t ab|&s;tain from them: yet &s;ometimes, that the conjunct cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or the matter fixt in the Brain may be put in Motion, it may be convenient to take away a &s;mall quantity of Blood, either by &s;etting Leeches to the Fore Head or Temples, or by Cup|ping and Scarifying the Shoulders.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. I &s;aw a lu&s;ty young Prie&s;t taken with a <HI>Co|ma</HI> after a relap&s;e into a Fever, with a <HI>tremor</HI> in one &s;ide, without &s;en&s;e, for want of Strength in the Parts. When he had taken a very &s;harp Cly&s;ter, with 3 drachms of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> and 2 ounces of Ho|ney of Ro&s;es and Salt in it, without any effect; <HI>Praevotius</HI> ordered him 7 Bli&s;ters, which doing little good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Rhodius, <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nt.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 36.</NOTE> they proceeded to make a cautery in his Head behind, upon which he amended.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The &s;trong &s;cented &s;tillatitious Liquor of Lavender rubbed on the Forehead and temples, revives tho&s;e that are taken with a &s;mall <HI>Catalep&s;is,</HI> a <HI>Hemiplexia,</HI> and now and then with the falling Sick|ne&s;s, and oftentimes with Swooning. But where there is plenty of Humours, e&s;pecially if they be mixt with the Blood, the u&s;e of this is not &s;afe; nor of any compo&s;ition drawn off Wine, in which &s;uch Herbs, Flowers, or Seeds, and certain Spices have been macerated, which mo&s;t People give in|differently. For by the u&s;e of the&s;e hot things, which fill the Head, the Di&s;ea&s;e is increa&s;ed and the Patient indangered, e&s;pecially when Bleeding and Purging go not before. I thought fit to give this caution, becau&s;e commonly &s;ome unlearned Phy&s;icians, and over bold Apothecaries do imme|diately give &s;uch Compo&s;itions and things of the like nature, not only to Apoplectick Per&s;ons, but al&s;o to tho&s;e that are Sleepy and in a Feaver, than which nothing wor&s;e can be given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dodoneus, <HI>pempt.</HI> 2. <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> for they do a great deal of harm, and often kill the Patient.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Sterilitas,</HI> or Barrenne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure of Barrenne&s;s in Women is performed e&s;pecially by Fo|mentations and Purges. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What mu&s;t be the Diet of them that are Barren through Sala|city? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There ought not to be only one way of Cure. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom Stoves, and Baths are good. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by eating of <HI>Polypi. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The reduction of the Mouth of the Womb, when turned a&s;ide. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fumes and Steams are not good for the &s;ame Women. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Barrenne&s;s from Fatne&s;s. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Electuaries may be variou&s;ly made up. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Sudorificks. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And of Bathes. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Conditions concerning <HI>Venus. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What the Virtue of Pe&s;&s;aries &s;hould be? <HI>XIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MUch is written by <HI>Hippocrates libro de Sterilibus,</HI> and in his Aphori&s;ms of the cau&s;es of Bar|renne&s;s, and of its manifold Cure: But <HI>Sect.</HI> 5. <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem.</HI> all the Cures of the&s;e cau&s;es are in a manner reduced to the&s;e 2 heads, Fomentations, and Purges; <HI>The Barren,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>mu&s;t Foment and Purge:</HI> for <GAP DESC="foreign"> and <GAP DESC="foreign">, which he there u&s;es, &s;ignifie a purging Medicine, when it is u&s;ed alone and nothing is added to it, which may &s;igni|fie &s;ome other &s;ort of Medicine. But by the name of Fomentation, I would have under&s;tood whatever is applyed inwardly or outwardly by way of Ca|tapla&s;m, Irrigation, Cly&s;ters, Pe&s;&s;ary, or Fumiga|tion; as by the name of Purging I would have un|der&s;tood both Vomiting and Purging. For every cau&s;e of Barrenne&s;s is either a fault of Compo&s;iti|on, or of Temperament, or an Ulcer of the Womb, or a Cacochymie of the whole Body. Among the faults of the Compo&s;ition of the Womb there is the &s;mallne&s;s and gro&s;sne&s;s of the Womb, the &s;trait|ne&s;s and hardne&s;s of the mouth of the Womb, &s;o that it is not dilated &s;ufficiently, or a perver&s;ion of the Mouth of the Womb, or the widene&s;s of it, &s;o that it gapes, and does not retain, or &s;traitne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, &s;o that for this rea&s;on the Men&s;truous evacuations do not come into it, or the laxity of it, &s;o that they run too much out. In fault of temperament there is too much heat, which con&s;umes the Seed; or cold, which does not concoct it; or dryne&s;s, which con&s;umes the Seed and nouri&s;hment of the <HI>Fatus;</HI> or moi&s;ture which hinders its retention, which al&s;o Ulcers of the Womb do hinder. Cacochymies, when they are poured into the Womb, corrupt the Seed; when they are not poured, they do not hinder Conception yet they make a bad juice for the <HI>Foe|tus,</HI> and therefore either cau&s;e Abortion, or a Di|&s;ea&s;ed <HI>Foetus.</HI> Vitiated Compo&s;itions, if they be contracted from the fir&s;t generation, are u&s;ually in|curable; but if they are cau&s;ed by other Di&s;ea&s;es, they may be Cured by curing of the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es. Cacochymies require Purging: All intemperatures of the Womb which are joyned with an Humour, or with a Cacochymie of the whole Body, and e&s;pecially Ulcers, require Purging, and then Fo|mentations, Affu&s;ions, In&s;e&s;&s;ions, and Pe&s;&s;aries: And all the&s;e things mu&s;t for heat be cold, for cold hot, for moi&s;ture dry, for dryne&s;s moi&s;t, and for Ulcers, &s;uch as the Cure of Ulcers requires. There|fore
<PB N="569" REF="250"> it is evident that the whole Cure of barren Women con&s;i&s;ts in Fomentations and Purges.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. If a Woman Conceive not through Salacity, which is cau&s;ed by the acrimony and heat of Seed, &s;he mu&s;t be fed with gro&s;s Diet, &s;uch as thickens the Blood, and the Seed. It is good to eat Fruits, as Pears,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius,</NOTE> Apples, and Che&s;nuts, which breed gro&s;s Humors and Vapors, and retard that violence.</P>
<P N="3">III. Many Women Conceive not, becau&s;e they have moi&s;t and foul Wombs, &s;o that they neither eagerly receive Seed, nor are able to retain it; which di&s;po&s;ition indeed is contrary to that wherein they want the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> that the Womb may be open (for there is a two fold Cau&s;e, why newly after the evacuation of the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> Concep|tion is ea&s;y in moi&s;t Women, both becau&s;e the Mouth of the Womb, and the Veins and Arteries which end there having been opened remain &s;o, and becau&s;e when the Womb has been newly e|vacuated, it draws any Moi&s;ture more greedily) This may ea&s;ily be known, by what comes out, for mucous matter frequently comes from &s;uch. <HI>Hippocrates lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3. &s;ays this is cured by a dry cour&s;e of Diet. Here by Diet mu&s;t be under|&s;tood the whole cour&s;e of ones Life, where in the whole Method of Cure is comprehended. Becau&s;e in this affection the Diet which con&s;i&s;ts in Meat and Drink is not &s;ufficient. The Cure mu&s;t in this, as in other Di&s;ea&s;es, be contrary to the Affection: So that hence it is manife&s;t, that there is not only one way of curing barren Women, as vulgar Phy&s;i|cians have per&s;waded them&s;elves, but that it is va|rious and manifold according to the cau&s;e of Bar|renne&s;s. For it is proper only to moi&s;ten &s;ome, and Heat others,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> and to cool and moi&s;ten others.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Moi&s;t Women u&s;e Stoves, and they that have a hard or cold Womb, Bathes: But they mu&s;t u&s;e them a little before their <HI>Men&s;es</HI> come.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 6. advi&s;es to give a Woman that &s;he may conceive, <HI>Polypi</HI> to eat, roa&s;ted in the Flame, very hot, and almo&s;t half burnt, and to beat Aegyptian Nitre, and Coriander, and Cummin together, and to make Balls of them and ap|ply them to the <HI>pudendum.</HI> But this Cure is not pro|per for all Barren Women, but only for &s;uch as are Cold, and have but little Seed: For the <HI>Polypus</HI> is a mo&s;t &s;alacious Animal, and goes into a Con&s;um|ption through too much co&iuml;tion: and &s;uch things mu&s;t needs increa&s;e Seed, for they con&s;i&s;t of &s;uch a juice, and are apt to be turned into the &s;ame: And what he here orders to be given is heating and therefore tentiginous. Although I &s;hould leave out Cummin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> becau&s;e it wa&s;tes Flatulencies, as does Rue.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Among the faults of Compo&s;ition, it is evi|dent from <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Doctrine that the chief and mo&s;t effectual Cau&s;e of Barrenne&s;s is the turning a&s;ide of the Mouth of the Womb, the Cau|&s;es and Cure whereof he &s;hews <HI>lib. de &s;terilibus &amp; de Natura muliebr. If the Womb, turn on one &s;ide,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>a Cough takes them, the Pain a&s;cends, and the Womb lies like a Ball, is &s;ore when it is touched, like an &V;lcer,</HI> And after many &s;uch things, he orders, <HI>to purge Women, and to wa&s;h in warm Water, and to u&s;e hot Things,</HI> And a lit|tle after, <HI>If the Womb be turned a&s;ide, and the Mouth it &s;elf be awry,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>When a Woman is &s;o, you mu&s;t give her a Purge, and wa&s;h with warm Water, and foment her.</HI> The whole therefore of the Cure in this Ca&s;e con|&s;i&s;ts in the reduction of the Womb to its former place; which indeed cannot be done, except ei|ther the Humors be purged (by rea&s;on whereof, the Womb is made lax,) or dried up by applica|tion, and the Pain be ea&s;ed, and the part made &s;ofter that it may with le&s;s Pain be reduced to its place without Inflammation. Therefore you mu&s;t fir&s;t purge the Body, and u&s;e fomentations and emollient Things, then have the Womb reduced by the Midwife's fingers, and la&s;t of all let her rub her Hands this way and that, over all her Belly, towards the Navil, with Oyl all over the region of the Womb, with a gentle compre&s;&s;ion, till you find the Womb &s;eparated from the Part to which it &s;ticks and reduced to its former Seat. Yet have a care in this Work, that the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> be not near, nor great &s;tore of Humors in the Womb, le&s;t &s;omething wor&s;e grow upon the evil was there before. You mu&s;t have fir&s;t a care of this, and then anoint the Belly with Oyl of Rue, white Lil|lies, Orice, Chamaemill, Bayberies, &s;trowing &s;ome of the Powders of the &s;ame Things, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To ac|company with a Man will be good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> whereby the Neck of the Womb is better untwi&s;ted.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Fumes are good for &s;uch Women, as through Cold have little or no <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> e&s;peci|ally if it be joyned with an aqueous humidity. <HI>Fumes of Spices,</HI> &s;aith <HI>Hippocrates bring down the</HI> Mulie|bria: But Steams are good for them, the Mouth of who&s;e Wombs is &s;topt with Cold, &s;o that they cannot receive the Seed. Yet all of them have this quality to abate the Cold of the Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> that the Seed be not ex&s;tingui&s;hed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Hippocrates lib. de Natur. Mulier.</HI> &sect; 19. bids us <HI>attenuate, and give a Medicine that purges downwards, and apply to the Womb things that purge it downwards, and that cau&s;e Flatulencies.</HI> But you cannot extenuate the Body, before you have often purged the Body and Womb, by which Purging I &s;uppo&s;e all di&s;|cu&s;&s;ing and drying up of the Humor mu&s;t be un|der&s;tood. Nor is this to be &s;lighted, <HI>and that cau&s;e Flatulencies;</HI> for it mu&s;t be believed that whatever things do dilate, and any way di&s;tend the Womb, and lay the Pa&s;&s;ages of it more open, which are pre&s;|&s;ed with Fat and the Cawl, are good Medicines for the Womb: which without doubt I think is done by &s;uch things as cau&s;e Flatulencies, be|cau&s;e they are apt to di&s;tend the Part where they are.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. In cold and moi&s;t Women this Electuary will be proper, whether the Moi&s;ture be in the whole Body or only in the Womb. Take of the con&s;erve of Eryngo and Citron rind, each 1 ounce, con|&s;erve of Ro&s;emary and candied Ginger each 1 ounce and an half, a&s;hes of a Bulls pizzle, and a&s;h|es of a Hare's Womb, each half an ounce, <HI>Pulvis diaga|lang. diamo&s;ch. dulcis, diambr.</HI> each 3 drachms, Pine and Hazle Nuts each 3 drachms, a little Sugar, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Citron Peel make an Electuary. Of which take the quantity of an Ha|zle Nut, a good while after Meat, when &s;he goes, to &s;leep. This Con&s;erve is mo&s;t proper for &s;uch as are cold and moi&s;t all their Body over: for if the Womb only were cold and moi&s;t, it were better to dry it by receiving a Fume through a Tunnel: And it may be made of odoriferous Driers, and light ob&s;tringents. The Electuary will be pro|per for &s;uch, if the Do&s;e of the Pine and Hazle-Nuts, after they have been &s;teeped in Milk and a little Honey mixt together, be increa&s;ed, now and and then renewing the Milk, that it grow not &s;owr. Such an one will re&s;tore the dried Body and breed &s;tore of Seed. In the&s;e Electuaries many other drying Things are u&s;ed, which if they were taken dry by them&s;elves would rather do harm than good; but becau&s;e they are mixt with Syrups, and tempered with &s;weet things, are proper, as &s;havings of Ivory, Goat's-horn, &s;eed of Hartwort, pith of A&s;h &s;eeds (they call it Birds ton|gue) and Sparrows-brains may be added, but they are better taken with Meat than Mixt with the fore|&s;aid Things; for they do good becau&s;e they breed much Seed, which they cannot do, if they be taken in a &s;mall quantity. It were better to take the brain of a Pig, or a Hog, well boyled with &s;ome wild Marjoram, and after to eat it fryed in a Frying-pan: for it nouri&s;hes much, and increa&s;es Seed. Electuaries for &s;alacious Women mu&s;t be made of gentle a&s;tringents, and things that breed &s;tore of Seed not very hot, as, Take of pre&s;erved Myro|balans
<PB N="570" REF="251"> <HI>Emblici</HI> and <HI>Chebuli,</HI> each No 2. Citron Peel candied with Sugar (the re&s;t with Honey) 1 drachm, Pine Nuts &s;teeped in Milk, &s;eed of A&s;h &s;o &s;teeped each half an ounce, with Syrup of &s;weet-&s;melling Apples make an Electuary, adding of &s;havings of Ivory and Goats horn each 2 drachms. They that are not propen&s;e to <HI>Venus</HI> may wear Amber or Musk about them and perfumed Gloves, and they may lay them at Night e&s;pecially under their Pillows, unle&s;s they be &s;ubject to Fits of the Mother,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> for then it were better to tye the&s;e &s;weet things to the Hips.</P>
<P N="10">X. If Sweats be frequently provoked in moi&s;t Women, becau&s;e they evacuate the whole Body, it will be very good for them: Upon which account they may &s;ometime drink a Decoction of <HI>Guaja|cum</HI> &s;paringly, after the u&s;ual manner: Which while a Woman u&s;ed by my Pre&s;cription,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> &s;he was with Child before &s;he had done taking it.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The u&s;e of drying Natural Bathes for a Month's time and above, is the la&s;t refuge of Bar|ren Women: To which they go on that account, and &s;it &s;everal hours in them, and Sweat. Which will be more effectual, if they be by Nature al&s;o actually hot, as tho&s;e that are Aluminous and Ni|trous, and &s;mell of Lime, called Lead-Bathes, which are common. Sulphureous Bathes, al&s;o which, becau&s;e they have a very emollient Faculty, are the la&s;t Remedy in the natural hardne&s;s of the Womb, which make &s;ound Women Barren, and becau&s;e they dry, they will al&s;o be good for o|thers; the Salt Water of the Sea al&s;o and of Wells, heated by Art and u&s;ed, will do good either by them&s;elves,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> or with &s;ome convenient decoction.</P>
<P N="12">XII. When the Woman has been prepared by Medicines, that &s;he may more ea&s;ily Conceive, &s;everal things &s;hould be ob&s;erved. Fir&s;t, that the time mo&s;t opportune for Conception is, when the Woman is well cleared of her <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> that is, when they cea&s;e, for then &s;he more ea&s;ily receives, re|tains, and cheri&s;hes it. But if the Woman be thin and have little Blood, it is better to lye with her before they come, or in the time of interval. So <HI>Aetius</HI> mu&s;t be under&s;tood, when he writes that a Woman mu&s;t be laid with, when her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> are at hand. Secondly, it &s;hould be con&s;idered concerning Co&iuml;tion, that it &s;hould be after Meat and before Sleep, for &s;ucceeding Sleep relieves the Wearine&s;s, and helps retention of the Seed. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> indeed advi&s;es to <HI>Venus</HI> after Sleep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;ius <HI>de m. m. l.</HI> 4. c. 1.</NOTE> <HI>Labor, Meat, Sleep,</HI> Venus, <HI>all Moderate:</HI> But he has re&s;pect to Health not Conception.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. After the Womb is exactly purged, Pe&s;&s;aries &s;hould be made, which dilate the inner Mouth of the Womb, and things applied, that &s;traiten the outer. The Womb will be dilated with the fol|lowing Unguent; Take of the grea&s;e of Hen, Goo&s;e and Duck each 1 drachm, Oyl of bitter Al|monds, Chamaemil each 1 ounce, Orrice root 2 drachms, both the Birth-worts, <HI>A&s;arum</HI> each 1 drachm, Storax 2 drachms, Pitch 1 ounce, new Wax what is &s;ufficient, make an Unguent. After the u&s;e of it, let her u&s;e a Pe&s;&s;ary of Galls of the Goat or Wolf, with Musk, Ca&s;tor, and Civet: For all the&s;e things lax, draw the Womb downwards, heat, and &s;timulate <HI>Venus.</HI> Outwardly the Part is &s;traitned with fomentations made of A&s;tringent Roots, Herbs, and Flowers and other odoriferous Things. The u&s;e whereof is at going into Bed, after the Monthly purgation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">deletius.</NOTE> and u&s;e of other Remedies, a little before &s;he lies with a Man.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In Barrenne&s;s let the Man and the Woman for &s;ome dayes take upon a fa&s;ting Stomach, the Powder of a Bore's &s;tones, dried in the Shade, with the Broth of an old Cock, truly in a &s;hort time they will obtain their de&s;ire,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jul. Cae&s;ar Baricellus.</NOTE> as I have more than once tryed in &s;everal Barren People, whate|ver the Cau&s;e was.</P>
<P N="2">2. To help Conception, I highly commend both a decoction of Vipers, and of the Womb of a Hare, with Nutmeg, <HI>nux Indica,</HI> &s;havings of Ivory, Cloves,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> Cinnamon, Bi&s;tort, fir&s;t making an Infu&s;ion of the&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. They cry up this following for an infallible Medicine; Take of root of Eryngo, leaves of Mother-wort, Avens, what is &s;ufficient, boyl them in red Wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Corbaeus.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is a gla&s;s warm Morning and Evening, with 1 drachm of <HI>Triphera magna</HI> with|out <HI>Opium,</HI> for 9 dayes.</P>
<P N="4">4. A mo&s;t certain Remedy to help Conception; Take the &s;tones of a Ram prepared in Wine and dried, the Womb of an Hare prepared, Mace, Cloves, &s;eed of <HI>Ammi</HI> each 2 drachms, Saffron 1 drachm and an half, the kernells of Hazle and Pi&s;ta|chio Nuts each 6 drachms. Brui&s;e them and boyl them in 2 Pounds of Malm&s;ey Wine, to the Con|&s;umption of a third, two ounces mu&s;t be given for 3 dayes after the Months,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> and the fourth let her lye with her Husband, and &s;he will Conceive.</P>
<P N="5">5. Salt of Satyrion is very good for Women (as its E&s;&s;ence is for Men) to make them Conceive quickly, if half a &s;cruple of it be given frequently in Malm&s;ey Wine or <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> after the Flux of the <HI>Men&s;es.</HI> I have cured many Women with this Secret in a &s;hort time, and Men with the E&s;&s;ence of Ants.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Hartman|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. This Pe&s;&s;ary is extremely commended by lear|ned Men, namely, Beat Garlick with Oyl of Spike, wrap it up in a long Rag, put it deep into the Womb, when it is taken out, the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> will come plenti|fully, and the Womb will find much Plea&s;ure, and be clean&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lud. Mer|catus.</NOTE> &s;o that this has made way for Concep|tion, a long time de&s;paired of.</P>
<P N="7">7. <HI>Simon Pauli,</HI> &s;ayes that Speedwell is good for Barren Women.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Stranguria,</HI> or the Strangury.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Blood may be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t Purge? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t &s;ometime be Cured with beating Things. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is cau&s;ed by drinking new Beer, it is cured by drink|ing Wine. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of an I&s;&s;ue in the Leg, when it comes from the im|potency of the retentive Faculty. <HI>V.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether Blood may be let or no in the Strangury, upon any occa&s;ion, where there is no Fever (for if there be one; no que&s;t|ion need be made of it) is much contro|verted. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> teaches 6. <HI>aphor.</HI> 56. and 7. 48. <HI>that dropping and difficulty of &V;rine may be cured by opening the inner Vein of the Ham.</HI> Which &s;hows, that Blood may be let, and we &s;hall forbear, now that the Circulation of the blood is found, to go upon Controver&s;ie about which Vein &s;hould be opened.</P>
<P N="2">II. If the Strangury ari&s;e from &s;harp Bile or &s;alt Phlegm, we mu&s;t take great care to dimini&s;h the Humor, to tran&s;late it another way, to mix and temper it; and fir&s;t of all before any other Remedy to purge the Body with &s;ome gentle Phy&s;ick. If &s;alt Phlegm abound, whether it fall from the Head, as it often does; or being bred in the Belly, and
<PB N="571" REF="251"> mixt with bile, it become &s;uch; or if it proceed from putrefaction, we mu&s;t take care by a Vomit once or twice a week to divert it from the u&s;ual pa&s;&s;ages, and al&s;o to dimini&s;h it. But if it be bit|ter Choler, you mu&s;t Purge twice or thrice with an Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb, in a good quantity of Mallow water. But if the Strangury proceed from impotency of the retentive faculty, which from a cold and moi&s;t intemperature, or only a moi&s;t, be|ing made weak, cannot hold the Urine the accu&s;to|med time; you mu&s;t purge plentifully at the very fir&s;t coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and afterwards at times and intervals, contriving not only to wa&s;te the hu|mour but to divert it another way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The cau&s;es of the Strangury are by <HI>Galen</HI> 3 <HI>aph.</HI> 16. reduced to two Heads, weakne&s;s of the retentive faculty and &s;harpne&s;s of Urine, which lat|ter happens frequently. Therefore it is queried, whether al&s;o Aromaticks be proper in &s;uch a ca&s;e? The Negative &s;eems probable, becau&s;e fire &s;hould not be added to fire. If there be heat and acri|mony of peccant Humours, upon which &s;core the Di&s;ea&s;e is called Heat of Urine, it &s;eems rather to be corrected by emollient and cooling things. But although it be frequently cau&s;ed by the acrimony of <HI>Serum;</HI> yet it does not follow that the antece|dent cau&s;e, to which the cure is directed, is always heat, becau&s;e it may, yea and frequently does &s;o happen, that the gro&s;sne&s;s of cold Humours &s;erves to gather and retain the Acrimony, &s;o that a &s;harp Urine breeds the Strangury, not as &s;uch, but as its pa&s;&s;age out, which its &s;harpne&s;s ha&s;tens, is hindred by rea&s;on of the gro&s;s parts mixt therewith: For as &s;harp and bilious Humours breed not a dy&s;en|tery, when they cau&s;e a loo&s;ene&s;s, unle&s;s there be a vi&s;cidity withal, which makes them &s;tick to the &s;ides of the Guts, and exulcerate the &s;ame, &s;o al&s;o the <HI>Serum</HI> of its own nature po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing a peculiar Acrimony, breeds not the Strangury, unle&s;s &s;ome peccant Humours be joyned with it. For this rea|&s;on new Beer cau&s;es the Strangury by its thickne&s;s and vi&s;cidity, ob&s;tructing the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, and con&s;equently &s;harpning the <HI>Serum</HI> by the Acrimony of the <HI>faeces</HI> not depurated; in which ca&s;e to give generous Wine does good, becau&s;e it heats, atte|nuates, concocts crudities, and &s;o corrects the an|tecedent cau&s;e: For this rea&s;on the u&s;e of Aroma|ticks is often not inconvenient, when, to wit, it depends on &s;uch an antecedent cold and ob&s;tructing cau&s;e, notwith&s;tanding that the proximate peccant matter is &s;harp and perhaps hot: for it often hap|pens,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>Dec.</HI> 8. <HI>qu.</HI> 6.</NOTE> that in a hot Di&s;ea&s;e, a hot Remedy is pre|&s;cribed, not in re&s;pect of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but of the antecedent cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Rheni&s;h Wine alwayes did me good in the Strangury cau&s;ed by drinking new Beer. If I could not get Wine and was forced to drink new Beer, I was ea&s;ed of my trouble by taking Nutmeg. When &s;ome had fallen into that mi&s;chief, they cured them&s;elves only by anointing their Navil with the fat of a Candle. Others cured them&s;elves by tak|ing only a &s;poonful of <HI>Oxymel.</HI> But I have experi|enced that the &s;mell of the leaves of black Cur|rant Trees, and much more a Decoction of them mends this fault.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If you find, that no Remedies will do in this &s;ort of Strangury, you mu&s;t make an I&s;&s;ue in one Leg, by which the Phlegm imbibed by tho&s;e parts may run out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> which u&s;es to be a pre&s;ent Reme|dy.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. One drachm of the fle&s;h of a Hedge-hog dri|ed in the Sun and given in Wine, brings away much Urine without trouble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Salt of Antimony is a &s;ecret in the dy&s;ury and Strangury.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Bry.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Spirit of Turpentine quickly takes away all difficulty of Urine. The Do&s;e is from 9 or 10 drops to 12 in Cinnamon water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. I have often &s;een them that were Sick of the Strangury relieved of a violent pain by taking a drachm of the powder of Crabs Eyes in White Wine.</P>
<P N="5">5. A little fat of a Goat put into the Navil ea&s;i|ly cures the Strangury. &para; Oyl of Ma&s;tich dropt warm into the Navil takes it away quickly. &para; Am|ber, e&s;pecially the white, powdered and given in Wine, or boyled in Beer is good for the Stone and Strangury; for it pre&s;ently opens the pa&s;&s;ages and expels the calculous matter. &para; Several have been cured in the manner following;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> Take Ro&s;e-water beat up with the white of an Egg and give it to drink.</P>
<P N="6">6. I have learned this, that Spirit of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Salt, drawn in the extreme Heat of a reverberatory, with Potters clay, taken in white Wine, that was drawn out of the Ve&s;&s;el a day before, does not on|ly take away the mortal Stranguries of old Men, and becau&s;e it is wholly diuretick hath cured &s;eve|ral; but moreover they that have had an extraor|dinary Stone fall out of the Kidney, and &s;tayed &s;ome Months in the Bladder, have at length void|ed it in &s;mall pieces by Urine. And it is made of Salt, fir&s;t melted, and then freed by the Fire from its &s;uperfluity, then the Salt is beaten, and di&s;&s;ol|ved among &s;lices of Radi&s;h, and then dried again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Hel|mon,</NOTE> and then di&s;tilled with as much Potters Earth in a violent Fire of reverberatory, having a care that nothing expire.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hooferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. To anoint the Belly with Beef tallow, takes away the Strangury cau&s;ed by drinking Beer.</P>
<P N="8">8. A gla&s;s of the clarified juice of Pellitory of the Wall is admirable, if it be from a Stone or thick matter.</P>
<P N="9">9. <HI>Rulandus</HI> his certain experiment for the Stran|gury; Take Sheeps Wool carded and made into the form of a Pla&s;ter, to which add &s;ome Goats dung mixt with a Boy's Urine, apply it below the Navil, it never fails.</P>
<P N="10">10. Outwardly to temper the Acrimony of the Humours, and heat of the Bowels, a Bath of &s;weet water is very good, in the Morning before Dinner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> e&s;pecially with leaves of Violet, water Lilly, Let|tuce, Mallows, Night&s;hade, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="11">11. This is excellent good again&s;t difficulty in making water;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Stokkerus.</NOTE> Take 2 ounces of Privet water Morning and Evening.</P>
<P N="12">12. One found great benefit by 6 drops of recti|fied oyl of Amber in 3 &s;poonfuls of Par&s;ly water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> or Cock broth.</P>
<P N="13">13. I &s;ucce&s;sfully cured the Strangury through the re&s;olution of the Mu&s;cle in the Neck of the Bladder, by putting a Woman in hot Oyl, in which the leaves of Laurel, Betony, Sage, Ro&s;emary, wild Marjoram, Penny-royal, Flowers of Chamo|mil, and Ca&s;&s;idony were boyled, after &s;he had &s;ate in it, I made her an admirable Oyntment of Oyl of Worms, Lily, and Fox, in which fat Whelps were boyled, till the Fle&s;h came from the Bone, when I had &s;trained it, I put in <HI>Styrax Calamita, Benzoin, O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o|ponax, Olibanum,</HI> Mace, Nutmeg, rectified <HI>aqua vitae,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Valleriola.</NOTE> Goo&s;e grea&s;e and Wax, which when &s;he had u&s;ed &s;ome Months, &s;he was cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Welkardus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">14. Powder of dryed Acorns given in Wine is a pre&s;ent Remedy for the Strangury.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="572" REF="252">
<HEAD><HI>Strumae, Scrofulae,</HI> or the Kings-Evil, or Scroffles.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>How it may be di&s;tingui&s;hed from hardned Glands. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;ort of Purging is proper? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit be proper? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Ve&s;icatories applied to the Head. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Repellents are proper? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what Sudorificks &s;hould be u&s;ed? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks and Frictions wa&s;te it. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wa&s;ted by a potential Cautery. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What gives way to Suppuraters? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Di&s;per&s;ed in the Neck by Medicines. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by cutting out. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Upon what the difficulty of the Cure depends? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is Cured, it neverthele&s;s returns. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Inward Medicines that con&s;ume them. <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BEcau&s;e there is a great likene&s;s between the Kings-Evil and hardned Glands (for they are alike both in place and matter,) therefore we mu&s;t do our endeavour to di&s;tingui&s;h the one from the other. They differ fir&s;t, becau&s;e the matter of the Glands is more &s;ubtil and thin, of the Kings Evil more gro&s;s and vi&s;cid, and more contumacious, and hence it is, that whenever a thin and &s;ubtil matter is incra&s;&s;ated, of Glands they become the Kings-Evil. Which is <HI>Galen</HI>'s meaning 1. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> 3. when he &s;ayes, that Glands &s;ometimes turn into the Kings-Evil. Secondly, becau&s;e indurated Glands are more &s;eparable from the adjoyning Fle&s;h, &s;o that by the touch you may ea&s;ily know it from the Glands: But the Kings-Evil is &s;o propagated into the adjoyning Fle&s;h, that it is a very hard thing to di&s;tingui&s;h it. 3. Becau&s;e the Kings-Evil has a Coat, but the Glands are alwayes without one. <HI>Rogerius</HI> the Surgeon advi&s;es to take Ivy Leaves, and Citron, and pound them together, and lay them to the Swelling: and if the Swelling fall in 3 dayes time, he &s;ays it is a &s;ign they are Glands, and not the Kings-Evil; but if they grow wor&s;e with the application,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE> &s;o as to be red and ake, it is a &s;ign they are not Glands, but the Kings-Evil.</P>
<P N="2">II. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve concerning Purging of Chil|dren, &s;ince Infancy is very infirm, it mu&s;t be treat|ed with very gentle Medicines, and it is my ad|vice rather to Purge often gently, than to give &s;trong Medicines. For &s;o I Cured a Noble Boy of the Kings-Evil. Therefore they that commend <HI>Pi|lulae foetidae,</HI> de <HI>Euphorbio,</HI> and &s;uch Medicines for Children are not to be heeded. I confe&s;s, they are tolerable in grown People.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Phy&s;icians for the mo&s;t part accommodate their u&s;ual Purges in the Kings-Evil to Phlegmatick defluxions, whence they reckon it ari&s;es, not only if it be in the Neck, but in any other part of the Body, and direct them chiefly to purge Phlegm. But as &s;uch a Body is either Plethorick or Cacochymick, or otherwi&s;e full of ill Humours, I accommodate my Medicines to evacuate them, e&s;pecially if they be the cau&s;e of it; and when there is a great ma&s;s or pravity of Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> and the Kings-Evil is bad and breaks out in many places, then I give &s;tronger Purges. &para; As to evacuation, unle&s;s there be other occa&s;ion for it, it ought not, as commonly it is, to be &s;o much in&s;i&s;t|ed on for one Swelling, as if the Body were full of the Scroffles, e&s;pecially &s;ince otherwi&s;e there is &s;mall hope of Cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. I find divers opinions concerning Vomiting <HI>Aetius,</HI> whom <HI>Avicenna</HI> follows, commends Vomiti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">g; but others wholly condemn it. I find &s;ome who go a middle way, and &s;ay, it is not good before Purg|ing, but after. But I am of opinion, that none &s;hould Vomit in the Kings-Evil, and I am of this opinion for this rea&s;on. Becau&s;e though the ante|cedent matter may in &s;ome mea&s;ure be dimini&s;hed by Vomitting, yet the impacted matter is &s;o far from being thereby removed, that it is rather the more exa&s;perated. Be&s;ides, it is certain, that the Head is extreamly filled with Vomiting. For look but on tho&s;e that Vomit, and you may &s;ee the ju|gular Veins &s;trut, and the whole Head &s;well and grow hot; &s;o that without all que&s;tion the Head is filled with Vomiting. Which made <HI>Hippocrates lib. de loc. in hom.</HI> greatly to condemn vomiting in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Ears and Eyes, and for the &s;ame rea&s;on, why it is not proper for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Ears,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> it may not be proper for Di&s;ea&s;es near the Ears.</P>
<P N="4">IV. To &s;top the matter, which is in Flux, Fricti|ons, Cuppings, Ve&s;icatories applied to the Head are proper, and as &s;oon as I ob&s;erve Swellings ari&s;e in the Necks of Children, I find no more pre&s;ent Re|medy, than to exulcerate the Skin of the Head: for this is the mo&s;t proper diver&s;ion and evacuati|on; But we mu&s;t have a care not to draw Bli&s;ters in Childrens Heads with <HI>Cantharides,</HI> for as I have often ob&s;erved, in this age they often cau&s;e great torture, and pi&s;&s;ing of Blood: But it is better to do it with Mu&s;tard, Nettles, Hony-&s;uckle;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> yet with great moderation and prudence.</P>
<P N="5">V. But whether in &s;topping the matter, which is in flux, may we u&s;e a&s;tringent and repelling Medi|cines? <HI>Galen ad Glauconem,</HI> &s;peaking to him, tells him, that he gave a&s;tringent Medicines for the Kings Evil, and, as <HI>Akakius</HI> interprets it, repellent. From which place any one may gather that the u&s;e of them is proper; but never except in the begin|ning. Be&s;ides in <HI>Rha&s;es lib. de Apo&s;tem.</HI> it is found that Plantain is very good in the Cure of the Kings-Evil. But now Plantain is a Medicine that binds and repells: Wherefore the u&s;e of &s;uch Me|dicines &s;eems convenient in curing the Kings-Evil. But there are rea&s;ons on the contrary &s;ide, becau&s;e whether we have regard to the matter, or the pla|ces &s;uffering, we are very far from any rea&s;on for ever u&s;ing them: for the matter is cold, thick and impact, and therefore can by no means be repelled: and in re&s;pect of the place they are not conveni|ent, becau&s;e if we find the matter &s;ubtil, and hot, &s;ince it is the place of the Glands, and next to the Brain it &s;elf, the matter mu&s;t never be repelled from the&s;e places, le&s;t it be forced from a more ignoble part into the Brain. Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> 3. 3. K. T. &s;ayes we mu&s;t never u&s;e repelling Medicines in the <HI>Parotides.</HI> And he in 14. <HI>m. m.</HI> &s;ayes in ex|pre&s;s terms, that no other cure &s;hould be u&s;ed in the Kings-Evil, than &s;uch as is good for a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> and hardened Tumours, in which he advi&s;es to act only by emollients and di&s;&s;olvers, and all Phy&s;ici|ans have followed this way: yea <HI>Aetius</HI> &s;ayes that the Kings-Evil beginning in Children mu&s;t be &s;oft|ned, di&s;&s;olved and di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, &s;o that no &s;cope is left for them, who think that the u&s;e of A&s;tringent Medicines may be convenient in the beginning of the Kings-Evil. But they that under&s;tand <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaking in his own Language, may ea&s;ily remove this Scruple, becau&s;e all Interpreters have been mi|&s;taken in this place: For the word which he u&s;es, <GAP DESC="foreign">, they have very ill tran&s;lated <HI>to a&s;tringe,</HI> for it rather &s;ignifies to re&s;train, or dimi|ni&s;h, or make &s;mooth; &s;o that <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion in that place is, that he gave Medicines, which re|&s;train and keep down the Scroffles, and this may ea&s;ily be gathered to be true, becau&s;e in the &s;ame B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. he u&s;es <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he very &s;ame word, and the i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> erpreter has tran&s;lated it very right in that place: It m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> not therefore be thought that clear-&s;ighted <HI>Galen</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">ld be mi&s;taken in &s;o plain a ca&s;e, as to u&s;e a&s;tringents in the Kings-Evil. But what &s;hall we
<PB N="573" REF="252"> &s;ay to <HI>Rha&s;es?</HI> I &s;ay that Plantain may be u&s;ed ei|ther green or dry. In the green the ab&s;ter&s;ive fa|culty is almo&s;t wholly drowned in the moi&s;ture, but in the dry it is great. Which when <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>Simplic. med. cap. de Arnoglo&s;&s;a</HI> would teach us, he &s;ays that the Leaves and Roots of Plantain dried, are good to open ob&s;tructions in the Liver and Kid|neys; Therefore when <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> commends Plantain, he means the dry, becau&s;e it clean&s;es, di&s;&s;olves, and di&s;cu&s;&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Yet <HI>Rondeletius pract. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 4. af|firms that he has cured &s;everal of the Kings-Evil beginning, by laying Cypre&s;s nuts upon the part, according to <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> his precept. &para; <HI>Wharton</HI> al&s;o <HI>Adenogr. c.</HI> 40. &s;ayes, that the external cure of the Kings-Evil, which is managed by repellents and di&s;cutients, is not without hazard, becau&s;e the mat|ter may very ea&s;ily recur to the inner parts, and breed there more dangerous Swellings of the &s;ame &s;ort, or may encrea&s;e the&s;e that were bred there before.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Sometimes Sweating is proper, if abundance of Scroffles di&s;per&s;ed up and down the Body do &s;how there are excrementitious ill Humours, e&s;|pecially in Phlegmatick and moi&s;t Bodies. But in hot and Cholerick Bodies &s;weating is not &s;o pro|per, for it only more inflames the Body and Hu|mours: In which ca&s;e Surgeons ra&s;hly think to cure by this one Remedy, as they think they can all external Di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;o they often emaciate Mens Bodies to no purpo&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. As we find that Narcoticks outwardly ap|plied have a great di&s;&s;olving faculty, &s;o al&s;o, if ap|plied in the Kings-Evil, they will do much: As leaves of Mandrake, Henbane, Poppy, brui&s;ed, or roa&s;ted a little under Coals or boiled or u&s;ed any other way by them&s;elves. Al&s;o Mandrake root, or powder added thereto <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The rubbing al&s;o of the Scroffles till they grow red, does al&s;o conduce &s;omething to the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of them; And if it be u&s;ed before the application of Topicks, it better di&s;po&s;es them to receive their virtue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. By a potential Cautery, which making an e&s;char in the Skin without pain opens the Scroffles, I have often got them out: Or I have laid them bare, that they might be better &s;uppurated by ap|plying Medicines; But it is dangerous to attempt this by actual Cauteries, &s;eeing an Inflammation might ea&s;ily follow. Yet in any ignoble place they might very well be opened in this manner.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. The cure of the Kings-Evil con&s;i&s;ts in this, that the matter already gathered, be perfectly ta|ken away, and that what is in gathering be pre|vented from gathering. Concerning what is ga|thered, we mu&s;t con&s;ider, whether it be only pitui|tous, or al&s;o hot; if hot matter be mixt with it, all hold that &s;uppuration mu&s;t be attempted; but if it be pituitous, we mu&s;t again con&s;ider whether it be very thick or but moderate: If it be very thick and vi&s;cid, the cure can be expected no other way, but by putrefaction, the in&s;trument and fire: But if it be moderately thick, the cure con&s;i&s;ts in this,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> that the matter be di&s;&s;olved and di&s;&s;ipa|ted.</P>
<P N="10">X. A certain Woman had the Scroffles all over her Neck, and &s;he was cured in a Months time. A powder of equal parts of Sugar, Ginger and Turpeth was given her, which purges Phlegm par|ticularly from the remote parts. After <HI>ceratum oxae|leum</HI> was applied, they were &s;oftned with oyl of Lizards; Take green Lizards as many as you will, boyl them in common oyl, till they be burnt, and the oyl turn black: let the colature be put in a Gla&s;s and &s;et in the Sun till the dreggs &s;ub&s;ide, the oyl grow clear and it be of a brown colour. Then I gave every Morning for 30 dayes of the Electuary, which <HI>H. Saxonia</HI> and <HI>J. Praevotius</HI> reckon|ed as a mo&s;t &s;ure &s;ecret; Take &s;ome common or green Lizards, cut off their Heads and tails and take out the Guts, infu&s;e them in &s;trong white Wine Vinegar 40 dayes by them&s;elves: Then dry them and &s;teep them in other Vinegar, and dry them again either in the &s;hade or Sun, and reduce them to powder: which being done, with one ounce of the powder mix 4 ounces of Honey. The Do&s;e for Children is 2 drachms, for grown Per&s;ons half an ounce, &s;ix drachms, or an ounce at mo&s;t for 30 or 40 dayes. I have tried the admirable vir|tue, of that Unguent which <HI>Aquapendent</HI> has.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus <HI>Ob&s;</HI> 12.</NOTE> <HI>Pentat. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 21. for the open Scroffles, in a certain Nun, who had ulcerated Scroffles in her Brea&s;t, and in a Maid, who had them in her Neck. &para; A Maid a|bout 18 years old had &s;trumous Swellings in her Neck, which by u&s;ing Remedies a long time had been &s;uppurated, and afterwards healed up; but there remained &s;ome &s;hare of it very hard, which could not be di&s;&s;olved by <HI>Empla&s;trum de Vigo, Mercu|rio quadruplicato.</HI> Then I pre&s;cribed of the fore&s;aid Pla&s;ter, Roman Vitriol, and Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;ol|ved in Vinegar, and thickned with a &s;ufficient quantity of Turpentine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 54.</NOTE> whereby they were di&s;|&s;olved in a month; u&s;ing in the mean time conve|nient diet and evacuation.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We forbear not to cut out Scroffles, though they be crude and hard Tumours, but then they mu&s;t be moveable, and not fa&s;tened to the Fle&s;h, and we may draw them out with our Fingers, as we do <HI>&s;teatomata</HI> and &s;uch things, having cut them from the Skin, and &s;evered them round, with a knife broad and &s;harp pointed and crooked backwards, accord|ing to <HI>Galen</HI> 14. <HI>m. m. cap.</HI> 11.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> I have tried this Chi|rurgical way of Cure with &s;ucce&s;s in hundreds. &para; A Girl about ten years old had a <HI>&s;truma</HI> on the right &s;ide of her Throat, which &s;ticking clo&s;e to the <HI>a&s;pera arteria</HI> and the recurrent Nerve, did a little hin|der her Breathing and her Voice. Her Mother entreated me to cut it out, becau&s;e &s;he thought it might be done without danger, &s;eeing it was not &s;o big as a Goo&s;es Egg. But I refu&s;ed to meddle with it, for fear of an Hemorrhagy, or &s;poyling or loo&s;ing her Voice; for the jugular Veins, and the recurrent Nerve of that &s;ide, &s;eemed to be in|volved in this <HI>&s;truma.</HI> Not long after a ra&s;h fellow adventured on the operation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabritius Hildanus.</NOTE> But as &s;oon as ever he made u&s;e of his razor, the Maid died immediate|ly.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Although <HI>Laurentius</HI> reckon the Scroffles cu|rable; yet I mu&s;t &s;ay, they are very difficult to cure, or incurable: for if you apply &s;light things, the hardne&s;s of the Humour re&s;i&s;ts them, if &s;trong, burning, cau&s;ticks, yea fire it &s;elf, to melt and wa&s;te the glutinous Humour, that will draw the Blood to the heated part, by virtue whereof tho&s;e clammy Humours will be concocted, and when concocted, will remain the harder, as I have found by my own experience, and what mortal Man can be found &s;o vain glorious, as to boa&s;t (as &s;ome have done) that they can cure them by To|picks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tanus.</NOTE> when they have their original not behind the Ears, but from the inner Bowels?</P>
<P N="13">XIII. This is ob&s;ervable, that although they be mo&s;t exactly cured, they do return again and a|gain. I think there are two Cau&s;es of this Event, the fir&s;t is the thickne&s;s, vi&s;cidity and contuma|cy of the matter whereof they are made; for al|though we u&s;e our utmo&s;t care and diligence to root them out, and to extirpate the matter of the Scroffles, yet their Contumacy is &s;uch, that for the mo&s;t part &s;ome &s;hare of the matter is left behind, which is as a certain fond, which not only de&s;troys the temper of the Part, but al&s;o infects and cor|rupts the nutriment as it comes to the Parts, &s;o that it affords plenteous nouri&s;hment to this Di|&s;ea&s;e. The &s;econd is the Bladder, which is &s;o firmly fa&s;tned, that it can &s;carce be got out, wherefore when it is left it is filled again with &s;ome ill Mat|ter or Humor, and gives occa&s;ion for the breeding of it anew, yea although by the Arti&s;t's care the Bladder be got all out, yet there always remain
<PB N="574" REF="253"> the roots as ligaments from which it &s;prouts anew, and con&s;equently the Di&s;ea&s;e: For if, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ayes, when the Blood is congeled, it is covered with a certain Coat, which if it be taken away a new one comes in its &s;tead, and if this be taken away, &s;o a third; how much more may the Blad|der grow again, if any Root or Branch of it re|main?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercuriali<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. The Scroffles rarely appear in any great number outwardly, unle&s;s they be rooted in|wardly in the Me&s;entery, as <HI>Riolanus Ench. c.</HI> 18. <HI>l.</HI> 2. &s;ayes, And <HI>Wharton Adenogr. c.</HI> 40. ob&s;erves, that they who are troubled with the Scroffles outward|ly have them al&s;o very much inwardly. Al&s;o <HI>Julius Pollux</HI> the Grammarian <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 98. has told us that Scroffles grow in the Me&s;entery. For which rea&s;on <HI>Langius l.</HI> 3. <HI>Ep.</HI> 4. a&s;&s;erts that tho&s;e mineral Waters, are the whole&s;ome&s;t, which ta&s;te of Lees of Wine, which, as <HI>Arnaldus</HI> &s;ayes, not only di&s;cu&s;s the&s;e inward pituitous and &s;trumous ab&s;ce&s;|&s;es, but the outward al&s;o. <HI>Barbette</HI> in his <HI>Praxis</HI> commends Acids and volatile Salts taken inward|ly; which <HI>Deckers</HI> in his Notes advi&s;es to be gen|tle and temperate; which accurate Practitioners have ob&s;erved otherwi&s;e to do more hurt than good, for example, Spirit of Salt, Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> re|ctified with Spirit of Wine and &s;weetned by Cohobation: He commends above all others, Spirit of Sal Ammoniac, inwardly and outwardly mixt with a due vehicle.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Drink every day out of a Mans Skull, and the Kings-Evil will then vani&s;h. &para; The Mu&s;h|rome that grows on a Birch-tree, put in Wine and drunk, has a &s;ingular Virtue in gradually cu|ring and wa&s;ting the Kings-Evil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Agrico|la.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. It has been ob&s;erved that Scroffles and other Tumors fall, if the Part affected be rubbed with a dead Man's Hand, for &s;o the Swellings gra|dually vani&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bartho|linus.</NOTE> as the dead Body rots by de|grees.</P>
<P N="3">3. Root of Vervain hung about the Neck of one that has the Kings-Evil, gives wonderful and unex|pected relief. &para; They &s;ay Silver-Knapweed is marvellous good; al&s;o red Poppy &s;teeped in Wine, and brui&s;ed, and the Mucilage applied to the Swelling, is a Medicine that does good by tempe|ring, and has tho&s;e Virtues which we require in Medicines for the Kings-Evil, over drying things being excluded.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. Three Toads boyled in Oyl Olive in a glazed Earthern Ve&s;&s;el, make an excellent Oyl, for the Kings-Evil; but the Fumes of them, while the Oyl is in making are dangerous: Therefore keep that Ve&s;&s;el clo&s;e, and have a care. Fir&s;t they apply Ar&s;e|nick to the Scroffles, and bli&s;ter them, then corrode the Part with &s;ublimate, and u&s;e the &s;aid Oyl, which will be yet better, if you infu&s;e the &s;alt of Toads in it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. This Potion has been often tried, which not only takes away the Kings-Evil, but all Muco&s;ities of the Throat; Take of Broom-flower Water 3 oun|ces, drink it warm with Sugar in the Morning. The Powder of Broom-flowers does the &s;ame mixt with Honey of Ro&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Seba&s;t. Cor|tilio.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. The le&s;&s;er Celandine has 4 or 5 grains like Wheat growing to its root, which are u&s;ed to draw out the Scroffles with great &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crollius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. Their Cure depends upon the Meazles of Hogs, which may be calcined and &s;prinkled on them, and Oyntments may be made of them, which are very good for the Cure of the&s;e Swellings and the&s;e Unguents may be fortified with di&s;tilled Oyl of Hogs-Lard, or di&s;tilled Oyl of Hogs-Meazles, which is a &s;pecifick again&s;t the Kings-Evil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Pet. Faber.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. If the Kings-Evil mu&s;t be taken away by cau&s;ticks, there is no better Medicine to take them away, than &s;ublimated Ar&s;enick; but you mu&s;t have a care,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Fabri|cus</NOTE> that the Parts near the Swellings do not Putrefie or Inflame.</P>
<P N="9">9. An excellent Electuary to take away the Kings-Evil, is thus made: Take of the Bones of a Hen, the fle&s;h whereof has been boyled off, dry them, and powder them. Take of this Powder and Seed of <HI>Se&s;amum</HI> each alike, as much as you will, with Honey make an Electuary. Take a drachm at a time Morning and Evening all the decrea&s;e of the Moon till the new,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> and then repeat it the following decrea&s;e of the Moon.</P>
<P N="10">10. The u&s;e of the Powder of Sponge will cau&s;e it to decrea&s;e, if you drink as much as you can take upon a Knife's point, in Cinnamon-water. The Sponge mu&s;t not be burnt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE> for then its &s;emi|nal Virtue is de&s;troyed.</P>
<P N="11">11. This is admirable for the Kings-Evil, Throat-rupture, <HI>Parotides,</HI> and all hardne&s;s. Take the leaves of Cypre&s;s, neither the tendere&s;t nor the harde&s;t, reduce them to powder, Sprinkle them with &s;trong Wine, and turn them, till the Body of them turn to dreggs. Lay it upon the Scroffles or Rupture and the third day take the Medicine, you will find the place contracted, which mu&s;t be &s;queezed out with the Fingers. Let this Medicine be repeated, and on the Seventh or Ninth day at farthe&s;t, the Kings-Evil will be gone to a Mira|cle.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. Take of root of Fern, Spleenwort, Dwarf-elder each 3 ounces, cut them and boyl them in the be&s;t Wine, then pour away the Wine, brui&s;e the Roots, and add of live Sulphur 1 ounce, a&s;hes of Cockle-&s;hells, 2 drachms. With equal parts of Honey and Vinegar reduce them into the Form of a Catapla&s;m, lay it upon the Scroffles, it con&s;umes them wonderfully.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Joel.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">13. There is &s;carce any Plant of &s;o great Power in &s;oftning and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Swellings in the Kings-Evil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laurember|gius.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as the bulb of Cornflag and Hogs-Lard outwardly applied.</P>
<P N="14">14. It has been found by experience, that burnt Allum powdered, if half a drachm of it have been given in Wine alone, or mixt with other di&s;|cutient and drying Powders,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> has done much good in this Ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="15">15. Root of Figwort eaten for 10 dayes every Morning fa&s;ting cures the Kings-Evil.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Villanoanus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Stupor,</HI> or Numbne&s;s.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sweat mu&s;t be promoted, if it be from a Melancholick Hu|mor. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some is cured by Bleeding. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is to be cured e&s;pecially by Bathing. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Numbne&s;s of the Thighs ending in the voiding of Stones. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHen the whole Body is evacuated, the matter comprehended in the Nerves mu&s;t be dige&s;ted, to which end Sweating is reckoned altogether nece&s;&s;ary: for the portion of the Me|lancholick Humor, which is the cau&s;e of Numb|ne&s;s, is &s;erous and acid rather than thick, and may therefore be got away by Sweat. But you mu&s;t be very careful in compo&s;ing the decoction, &s;o that it may be drying in the pa&s;&s;ive, and temperate in the active Qualities. Wherefore <HI>Sar&s;a</HI> may be the <HI>ba&s;is</HI> of the decoction, to which may be added <HI>China,</HI> Ma&s;tich-tree, wood of Ro&s;emary and Tama|risk,
<PB N="575" REF="253"> making the infu&s;ion in Chicory and Betony-water, and when it is almo&s;t boyled add an handful of Ground-pine.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> cured <HI>Stimargus</HI> his Maid of Trem|bling by plentiful Bleeding: So I have &s;everal times cured Plethorick Bodies of Trembling and Numbne&s;s by repeated Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Pumping requires, the Head &s;hould be exactly Purged; a Sheeps-skin can but make lax and re&s;olve a little. The putting a Limb into an Ox new killed, is good rather for &s;hrunk Sinews, than for &s;uch as are lax and full of Moi&s;ture. But here is occa&s;ion for &s;ome Medicine, that is of &s;ubtil Parts, very penetrating and di&s;&s;olving, but not hardning, becau&s;e the Nervous kind is hard and den&s;e. Such as is Sulphur, wherefore &s;ulphu|reous Bathes are a Remedy of great u&s;e, u&s;ed for &s;everal dayes. And becau&s;e they penetrate and di&s;&s;olve the Humors, but do not &s;treng hen the Parts, therefore afterwards a &s;trengthning Bathe mu&s;t be u&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. I lately had a Nobleman under Cure, who brought the Advice of the Phy&s;icians, that had by common con&s;ent pre&s;cribed him Medicines for the Pal&s;y. When I predicted, to him that within four dayes he would be ea&s;ed by voiding fragments of a Stone, he laughed at me and my Prediction, becau&s;e no Body el&s;e had told him of any &s;uch thing, nor had he ever voided any Gravel; Yet at length with much ado he was per&s;waded, and found that I foretold truth. And the Cau&s;e is this, the Branch of the <HI>vena cava</HI> de&s;cending, one goes to the Kidney, another to the Thigh, and a third to the Stones: Therefore upon the plenitude or compre&s;&s;ion of that which feeds the Thigh, a Numb|ne&s;s follows; as when the other, which comes to the Stones, &s;wells, and is therefore made &s;horter, a Stone is contracted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jacotius.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Sudor nimius,</HI> or too much Swaeting.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>&V;n&s;ea&s;onable Sweating &s;topt by cooling inwardly. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Nocturnal one cured by Purging. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of &s;topping it in Fevers. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;topping of a &s;alt, bitter and acid One. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the outward u&s;e of Allum may be allowed. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of &s;topping too great a Sweat. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Pertinacious one cured in an old Man. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Wife of <HI>N.</HI> after &s;he had been cured of a Fever, &s;weat every Night. I pre&s;cribed her a cooling Julep of Cichory and Buglo&s;s Waters with Syrup of Apples, and &s;he Sweat no more after that. Whence I gather that Sweating in ones Sleep is not alwayes a &s;ign of luxuriant Humors, but &s;ometimes of Heat; for healthy People, that are of an hot Con&s;titution, often &s;weat in the Night:<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Pachequus <HI>in Ob&s;.</HI> River. 27.</NOTE> Be&s;ides, the fore&s;aid Woman was cured without any evacuation, Natural or Artificial.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Man 40 years old of a melancholick Com|plexion, had been troubled with Night Sweats a long time, which la&s;ted 4 or 5 dayes, and then gave over, returning twice or thrice in a Month. They proceeded from a quantity of <HI>Serum</HI> gathered at in|tervalls, and di&s;charged to the Skin. He took twice a Month Powder of Jalap and Creme of Tar|tar, each half a drachm, which being continued for 3 Months, he was rid of his tedious Ail.</P>
<P N="3">III. Sweat, either exce&s;&s;ive or hurtful in it &s;elf, which weakens a Man &s;till more and more, will a|bate, and at length cea&s;e. 1. By keeping the Body moderately covered, yet not Naked. 2. By ha|ving a care of any volatil Salt, and &s;pirituous Acid, &s;uch as Vinegar. 3. By u&s;ing &s;uch things as fix the Acid, as Chalk, Corall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> On this Ground I often in the Year 1670 gave to &s;everal that were Sick of an Epidemick Feaver, and fell into &s;weating Night and Day, which every day decayed their &s;trength, the following Electuary, upon taking of which twice or thrice a day, to the quantity of a Nutmeg, they were cured by degrees of their Sweat, and their quartane Ague, or of any other, if it remained, and they got &s;trength. Take of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es 2 ounces, <HI>confectio hyacinthi</HI> 1 drachm, Dia&s;cor|dium 2 drachms, red Corall prepared 2 &s;cruples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius <HI>de le</HI> Boe. Prax. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 25.</NOTE> Syrup of Myrtles what is &s;ufficient. Mix them, Make an Electuary.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A &s;alt Muriatick Sweat will be amended with Medicines that correct a Muriatick Saltne&s;s, and &s;ometimes by Purgatives; A bitter Sweat in|dicates that Bile mu&s;t be dimini&s;hed by Cholago|gues: The matter of an Acid Sweat will be con|centrated with Corall, Chalk, Crabs-eyes and the like, and then dimini&s;hed by Hydragogues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In a Diaphoretick Sweat, the external u&s;e of Allum with great circum&s;pection ought not to be rejected, if a Shirt dipt in a &s;olution of Allum, and dried again, be put on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> but I commend it only in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="6">VI. It is evident, that there is often too great a Sweating, for nothing is more common than for &s;ome that are Sick of a Con&s;umption or Scurvy, and o|thers, who difficultly recover of Feavers, yea, for &s;ome without any Di&s;ea&s;e, or evident Occa&s;ion, to run with Sweat. The Con&s;umptive and Scorbutick are obnoxious; becau&s;e when the Blood is infect|ed with &s;ome impure Corruption, or is di&s;ordered, and therefore cannot rightly concoct and a&s;&s;imu|late the alible Juice, that is continually poured into its Ma&s;s, it &s;evers and ca&s;ts out by &s;weat this Juice &s;o degenerate, and now and then with other Recrements heaped up to Plenitude. The Cure depends altogether on the cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e, whereof it is a Symptome. In the mean time in this Cure, as to what concerns a cour&s;e of Diet, an u&s;eful and nece&s;&s;ary Indication is taken from this Symptome, namely, that when Nightly and plenteous Sweats attend the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, a Diet may be kept of aliments that are very &s;mall, as Milk, Oat-Meal grewel, Barly-creme, and the like, who&s;e &s;mooth and &s;oft Particles the Blood may be able to bear, and not of Fle&s;h and &s;trong Meats. 2. Too much Sweating is the effect &s;ometimes of a|nother Di&s;ea&s;e, that went before and is extinct. I knew a young Man, who, when a quartan Ague left him, fell into &s;uch profu&s;e and long Sweats, that he was in a Con&s;umption, this Man, after he had tried &s;everal Remedies in vain, recovered by u&s;ing A&s;&s;es and Cows Milk. In &s;uch Ca&s;es as the&s;e, the Blood perpetually rejecting, and as it were vo|miting out its contents by the Mouths of the Arte|ries, does not only ca&s;t out the Chyle, immediately as it is poured out of the Bowels; but moreover taking both the Nervous juice and the &s;u&s;tenance of the &s;olid Parts, to feed its &s;elf, it by and by loathing them all, expells them together with the nutritious Juice by the Pores of the Skin. The cheif Cau&s;e of this affection &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t in the dy&s;cra&s;ie and debility of the Blood, in as much namely, as its liquor, like Milk growing &s;owr, is apt to melt, and be precipitated into &s;ero&s;ities, wherefore both its own &s;eparations, and the Hu|mors al&s;o, which are added el&s;ewhere, when they cannot be a&s;&s;imulated, are immediately &s;eparated: And when the Pores of the Skin are very wide, they are ca&s;t out rather by Sweat than by any other way of excretion. Such exce&s;&s;ive Sweating u&s;es to ari&s;e not only from the depraved Temper and Fermentation of the Blood, but &s;ometimes from its depraved Flame: Both when the Blood fermen|ting Feveri&s;hly through exce&s;s of Sulphur, does
<PB N="576" REF="254"> now and then break out into Sweat: And when through the defect of it, the Blood being depaupe|rated, and made Wateri&s;h, is not &s;o much kindled, therefore as often as it is hurried into a rapid Mo|tion, by &s;ome a&s;cititious heat, or the motion of the Body, its &s;ero&s;ities are di&s;&s;olved into Sweat. Sul|phur is wanting in the Blood, either becau&s;e it is wa&s;ted, as after long Fevers, or becau&s;e e|nough is not bred for want of Food; this latter may be ob&s;erved in &s;carcity of Provi&s;ion, or after keeping of Lent, for immediately upon Running or Walking fa&s;t the &s;weat bur&s;ts out. Yea Cattle when they are fed with new Hay, upon the lea&s;t Labor &s;weat much, and are &s;oon tired. The In|dications of Cure are e&s;pecially the&s;e three. 1. To remove or correct the dy&s;cra&s;ies or debilities of the Humors. 2. To contract a little the Pores that are too open. 3. To derive the <HI>Serum</HI> and Watri&s;h recrements of the Blood to the Kidneys. The fir&s;t of the&s;e is performed by &s;uch things as de&s;troy the prepollency of an acid Salt in the Blood: al&s;o &s;uch as promote the exaltation of the Sulphur (if perhaps it &s;hould be deficient) To which ends Anti&s;corbuticks, Chalybeates, and Medicines endued with a Volatil, Nitrous, and Al|kalizate Salt, often do good. The &s;econd inten|tion, con&s;i&s;ting in a due con&s;titution of the Pores is commonly performed only by outward admi|ni&s;tration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. An old Man 72 years of Age was in the year 1657 very ill of a Diaphoretick Sweat, &s;o that he was all over in it almo&s;t Night and Day, and what ever he eat or drank, he immediately perceived it pa&s;s out at the Pores of the Skin. The Cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e was abundance of &s;erous Humors, com|plicated with the Scurvy, which were gathered in the Ma&s;s of Blood, by a depraved and vitious fermentation in the Organs de&s;igned for Sanguifica|tion, which did not tran&s;mute the acid Salts of the Meat into volatil Salts. The Di&s;ea&s;e had la&s;ted 3 Months, before my Advice was taken, but it was quickly cured by me, only with Ivory, without Fire, and an Emul&s;ion made of the four greater cold Seeds and Cichory and Buglo&s;s-water: giving now and then Jalap and Cry&s;tall of Tartar: Forbearing Wine, Sowr Meats, and other things that breed Scorbutick Blood. He lived until he was four&s;core and three years old.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Suffocatio,</HI> or Suffocation or Strangling.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bleeding is often convenient. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fear of Suffocation from the Lungs di&s;tended with Wind. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they that are &s;trangled with an Halter may be recovered. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what means they that have been Suffocated in the Water, have been brought to Life again. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of tho&s;e that are Choaked with Smoak. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the Steam of Mu&s;t. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the Veins too full of Blood. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With Worms coming into ones Throat. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the &s;welling of the <HI>Thymus. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With poy&s;onous Mu&s;hromes. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Men may be taken with Fits, like Hy&s;terick ones. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An ea&s;y Remedy in fear of Strangling. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. FOr them that are Strangled or Choaked, the &s;uffocating Humor having recour&s;e to the Throat, either becau&s;e the Blood is forcibly carri|ed to the Heart or Brain, whether it come from the Womb or from &s;ome other Place, Bleeding is never ami&s;s in this Symtome, that is, if you find the Pul&s;e &s;trong and the Veins full. Bleeding is al&s;o good when it comes from drinking cold Water, as <HI>Dia&s;|corides</HI> advi&s;es, for Bleeding is not convenient becau&s;e the Water is alwayes hot, or becau&s;e In|fectious, but becau&s;e there is much in the Veins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bocallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Sometimes Wind di&s;tends the Lungs &s;o vio|lently, that it cau&s;es Suffocation, unle&s;s help be gi|ven by opening the Brea&s;t by <HI>Paracente&s;is,</HI> which is often done at <HI>Paris,</HI> to the great advantage of the Patient and the ea&s;e of the Brea&s;t, though no Wa|ter run out, but Wind break out violently. <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> calls them <GAP DESC="foreign">, who&s;e Brea&s;t is di&s;ten|ded with Wind.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Anne Green</HI> a lu&s;ty young Woman about 22 years of Age, was tried for killing her Child, and hung on the Gallows for half an hour. Her kin|dred who &s;tood by, that &s;he might be di&s;patched of her puni&s;hment by a &s;peedy Death, &s;ome of them beat the poor Wretch on the Brea&s;t, others hung on her Feet, and others lift up her Body, that as it fell down again, it might draw the Halter clo&s;er; She was reckoned by all People to be Dead, and was taken from the Gallows. The Phy&s;icians waited for the Body, to di&s;&s;ect it, but D^r^. <HI>Petty,</HI> and D^r^. <HI>Willis,</HI> who were to di&s;&s;ect it, ob|&s;erving her to breathe, altered their Minds, and con&s;ulted how they might &s;ave her Life. They directed all there Care, to procure the free and accu&s;tomed Motion of the Blood: Therefore forcing open her Mouth, they poured in Spirits and Waters, which in a &s;mall quantity do very efficaciou&s;ly &s;trengthen the Heart: They dimini|&s;hed the quantity of Blood, which would otherwi&s;e have been burthen&s;ome to the oppre&s;&s;ed Heart, and took at &s;everal times repeated, in all to the quantity of 20 ounces, that the Heart might, when ea&s;ed of the abundance of Blood, more ea&s;ily and readily di&s;tribute the re&s;t into the whole Bo|dy, and might the more eagerly draw to it &s;elf, that which &s;tagnated in the Veins, or moved too dull: They laid Catapla&s;ms round her Neck, and anointed her all over with Oyls and hot Spirits, that the Brui&s;es might be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, and that the Blood might pa&s;s more freely to the Head by the <HI>Carotides,</HI> and repa&s;s by the Jugulars. They orde|red Cly&s;ters full of Spices to be given her; both that they might get out the Excrements, which perhaps might be trouble&s;ome to the Guts, and might prove more prejudicial to other Parts; and that they might quicken the Motion of the dull Blood in the me&s;enterick Ve&s;&s;els. Upon this, &s;he fir&s;t &s;cratched her Hands, by and by &s;he could open her Eyes, and move &s;everal Parts, and was able to Cough. Afterwards being further helped by the dexterity of the Phy&s;icians, &s;he could under|&s;tand the by &s;tanders talk, ob&s;erve, and laugh. She found a Pain and numbne&s;s in the brui&s;ed Parts: and in a few dayes time &s;he was well, and was able to go about her Affairs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wepferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. A Girl not three years old fell into a Ve&s;&s;el full of Soap-water, and being full of it &s;he &s;eemed to Breathe her la&s;t, &s;he &s;lept profoundly, rattled, and &s;carce drawing any Breath was quite Choaked, &s;uch a murmuring Noi&s;e coming upon her, as is u&s;ual in People that are dying. I was called, and I ordered that a Decoction of Barly unhusked, Liquori&s;h and Figs &s;hould continually be poured in a little warm; and when &s;he had Vomited gently, and had ca&s;t up all the Soap-water, and freed her in a few hours from Suffocation; her Mother, if I had not hindred her, had given her Rheni&s;h Wine, which indeed is amicable to Nature, but it might not only have ea&s;ily carried the poy|&s;onous Matter in the Soap to the Heart, but it might ea&s;ily have rai&s;ed an inflammation and a Fever.</P>
<P>In the year 1577. when a great many Boyes and Gir|les had got upon an old rotten Bridge to &s;ee a Sol|dier that was fallen into the Water; The Bridge broke and a great number fell into the Water, and
<PB N="577" REF="254"> were in danger of their Lives; to whom when I was called, they all e&s;caped by taking a Decoction of Chamaemil Flowers in Beer, by which we made them &s;weat in Bed: which I did to &s;everal others, and they all recovered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P>My Son <HI>Frederick Bonet,</HI> 20 Months old, &s;he that tended him having left him, was walking over a Pit full of new quenched Lime, and being thru&s;t by one about his own Age, he fell into it. She who had the care of him coming immediately, jumped into the Pit, threw him upon the edge of it, and &s;he her &s;elf could &s;carce get out by rea|&s;on of the deepne&s;s of the Pit, and &s;oftne&s;s of the Lime. She immediately poured &s;ome Wine that happened to be in the way, into his Mouth, when he breathed not at all, but &s;eemed as one dead, by means whereof he vomited the Water, and &s;ome &s;igns of life appeared. By and by, le&s;t the Acrimony of the Lime, wherewith his whole Body was &s;meared, &s;hould hurt him, &s;he cut the Gir|dle wherewith his Clothes were tied, and put him naked into a Pale of Water, and wa&s;hed him all o|ver. A little after his Face grew fiery red and &s;welled, and he fell into a Fever, for which rea&s;on &s;eeing he was Plethorick and &s;trong, a Vein was o|pened with a Lancet, upon which the &s;welling and redne&s;s forthwith abated. Our next care was, that the Bowels might &s;uffer no damage by the ba&s;e and &s;harp Quality of the Lime, therefore Oyl of &s;weet Almonds with Syrup of Violets of many Infu&s;ions was given him, and emul&s;ions of Almonds were pre&s;cribed him; Cly&s;ters were gi|ven him <HI>&amp;c.</HI> By the efficacy of which Remedies, and by the Ble&s;&s;ing of Almighty GOD, he was &s;afe in two dayes time. There remained only a priva|tion of his &s;ight, which the other Phy&s;icians, who were called into Con&s;ultation, a&s;cribed to the corrugation and dryne&s;s of the Membranes cau&s;ed by the Lime; I a&s;cribed it only to the &s;ticking to|gether of his Eylids, which were wonderfully &s;welled. The fifth day after his mi&s;hap decided the Controver&s;y: The Child loved a Foal that was in the Neighbourhood, the hinnying whereof when he heard, as it pa&s;&s;ed by, he would have it brought to him; when he perceived it was near him, he rubbed open his Eylids, with that violence, that, to our great joy, we quickly perceived he had not lo&s;t his Sight. The plea&s;ant remembrance of my deare&s;t Son's Recovery induced me to re|hear&s;e the whole Story, though not altogether &s;o much to the matter in hand.</P>
<P N="5">V. He that is Suffocated and de&s;troyed by Smoak, will be cured by the correction of hot and fatning Things. (<HI>Haly pract. l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 4.) i. e. of very nutritive Things, as &s;ome interpret: I think indeed they pre&s;cribe fat Things, becau&s;e of the &s;harpne&s;s of the Smoak. A fume al&s;o of &s;ome cordial Spice, with a mixture of cold things there|with, is good; &s;uch as Water-Lily, and Poppy, becau&s;e they re&s;i&s;t the manife&s;t quality of the Smoak,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus. <HI>l.</HI> 15. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 26.</NOTE> which is hot and dry. And &s;ome in this Ca&s;e order Bleeding after two dayes. But &s;uch, and they that are pen'd up in a &s;tinking Air, mu&s;t immediately be carried into the open Air, and be refre&s;hed with &s;weat Scents. &para; A Country Fel|low, when he had admitted the &s;moak of a Coal to the Sieling of a Room, that was newly Built and Pla&s;tered, and had laid there one Night, was found in the Morning almo&s;t Dead, without Pul&s;e, Mo|tion or Sen&s;e, all cold, with froathing about the Mouth. Although I reckoned there was no place for Remedies, yet however I would try the Cure. And fir&s;t of all, I bled him in both the Arms: I ap|plied Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to his Hips and Legs, and then dolorifick Ligatures. I al&s;o ordered Sup|po&s;itories; and when at fir&s;t the Blood would not run, I ordered Clothes wet in warm Water to be applied to the Inci&s;ion, upon which the Blood by little and little began to run. And becau&s;e the Pul&s;e returning a little in the very opening of the Vein, indicated that I &s;hould &s;uffer the Blood to run freely, I took away almo&s;t 2 Pounds. While the&s;e things were in doing I ordered him to be fanned, and cold Water to be thrown in his Face: Afterwards, when his Pul&s;e grew better, I ordered him an I&s;&s;ue to be made in his Neck,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Panarolus. <HI>Pent.</HI> 1 <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 19.</NOTE> by which Remedies he recovered in a &s;hort time.</P>
<P N="6">VI. I think, they that are &s;uffocated with the &s;team of Mu&s;t, are hurt rather in their Brain than Heart; for &s;ome in the like Ca&s;es have after their Cure gone mad and fallen into a Fever. And be|&s;ides, I have ob&s;erved &s;uch Steams, as they came from the Fats, have pierced the Root of my No&s;e, like Needles. Thus by the &s;teams of Sulphur, Birds fall from the Trees. If any Man be called to vi&s;it &s;uch Patients, let him order cold Water to be thrown upon them, let them be kept long unburi|ed, becau&s;e many have been buried alive.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 5.</NOTE> &para; I judge, that in Beer, upon the account of the Hop, yea, and of the Mault, as al&s;o in Mu&s;t, &s;ulphureous narcotick exhalations do evaporate by Fermenta|tion, as it u&s;ually happens in metallick Mines, and medicated Springs that are &s;hut up. But how may we immediately relieve &s;uch, this is our bu&s;i|ne&s;s? Immediately therefore the ambient Air mu&s;t be ventilated on all hands, by which means I re|member a Woman that was thus Suffocated (being treated as one Apoplectick) when the Doors and Windows were &s;et open, and the Croud of People about her removed, came to her &s;elf again; and now for the&s;e ten years has not &s;uffered the like. Let the Mouth, if &s;hut, be forced open, and let Treacle di&s;&s;olved in <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> or in &s;ome ce|phalick Spirit be poured in: Let Sneezing be pro|voked with powder of <HI>Euphorbium</HI> and Pepper: Let a Vomit be given of &s;ome emetick Syrup, or a decoction of Radi&s;h and <HI>A&s;arum:</HI> Let the extreme Parts be rubbed with &s;pirit of Lily convall, and let new Spirits be created by Cordials and Ce|phalicks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. I vi&s;ited a Patient very near Death, Sleepy, without Sen&s;e or Motion about 30 years old. And when as there appeared &s;ome hope in letting him Blood, becau&s;e he was a full bodied Man; yet becau&s;e the &s;enior Phy&s;ician refu&s;ed it, it was o|mitted, but that the innate Heat, as he &s;aid, might be rai&s;ed again, he pre&s;cribed a Cly&s;ter, Ligatures, Bli&s;ters, Cordials, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which when daily admini&s;t|red, the Patient died. When his Body was ope|ned, there was no internal hurt, but all his Veins were turgid and &s;wollen to an immen&s;e bigne&s;s, &s;o that &s;ome Veins, which in others are &s;mall, were in this Body as thick as ones Thumb:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus <HI>Pent.</HI> 1 <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 13.</NOTE> Therefore the Suffocation of the native Heat came from the abundance of Blood.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Cellar-keeper of <HI>Anhalt</HI> complained of a &s;traitne&s;s of his Throat, as if he were choaked. By rea&s;on of the Life he led, there was &s;u&s;picion of Fumes ari&s;ing from &s;ome bad Matter that &s;tuck in the Coats of his Stomach. Pills were pre&s;cribed him, which while they wrought upwards al&s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;:</HI> 40.</NOTE> he vomited Worms, and afterwards was very well.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Suffocations may happen even to Men from the Swelling of the Gland called <HI>Thymus;</HI> but the &s;welling of it does often choak hy&s;terick Women, unle&s;s they be relieved by Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. If there be imminent danger of Suffocation from poy&s;onous Mu&s;hromes, a Vomit mo&s;t immedi|ately be given of decoction of Radi&s;h and <HI>Oxymel:</HI> Or half a drachm of Salt of Vitriol may be given with three ounces of <HI>Oxymel:</HI> Afterwards let Wormwood and Baulm be infu&s;ed in Wine and give the Wine. <HI>Sanctorius,</HI> &s;ays, nothing is better than Oyl of Citron Peel. When Suffocation had taken <HI>Pau&s;a|nias</HI> his Girl, <HI>lib.</HI> 7. <HI>Epid.</HI> after eating a Mu&s;hrome Honey and Water hot, and Vomiting, and Bathing,
<PB N="578" REF="255"> did her good: In the Bathe &s;he vomited up the Mu&s;hrome; and when the Symptomes cea&s;ed, &s;he fell into a Sweat. A Matron being almo&s;t Choaked with bad Mu&s;hromes, had breathed her la&s;t, had not I relieved her with Oyl drawn from Citron Peel, the Pa&s;&s;ages of her Breath were &s;o much &s;topt with gro&s;s Fumes from the bad Mu&s;hromes.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I think it is no ab&s;urdity to &s;ay, that Men &s;ometimes have Fits like to Hy&s;terick ones: The Cau&s;e whereof proceeds from the &s;mall Gut, in which through the vitious efferve&s;cency of concur|rent Humors, e&s;pecially of a too au&s;tere pancreatick Juice, Wind and Vapors of the &s;ame Nature ari&s;e: And when they ri&s;e to the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Bla&s;ius <HI>ap|pend. ad</HI> Ve|&s;&s;ingii <HI>Anat. part.</HI> &sect; 190.</NOTE> they &s;o &s;trait|en it, that the Patients apprehend them&s;elves in danger of Choaking.</P>
<P N="12">XII. In the greate&s;t fear of Suffocation in Flatu|lent and hy&s;terick Fits, put the Patient's Feet in warm Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ferus <HI>l.</HI> 21 <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and you will immediately find him breathe better.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Suffocatio, Affectus hy&s;terici,</HI> Hy&s;terick Fits, or Fits of the Mother.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Blood may be let in the Fit? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cuppping-gla&s;&s;es mu&s;t not be &s;et above the Navil. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vomit be convenient? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All hy&s;terick Women are not benefited with &s;tinking Things, nor all offended with odoriferous things. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Titillations and Frictions of the <HI>Pudenda</HI> be law|ful? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Mouth and No&s;e &s;hould be &s;topt? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether pouring cold Water upon the <HI>Abdomen</HI> may be Practi&s;ed according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Mind? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t not alwayes be re&s;i&s;ted by Heaters. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what Caution Narcoticks may be u&s;ed? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sinapi&s;ms good to prevent the Fit. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Ca&s;tor. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Perfumes as Musk and Amber, whether alwayes hurtful? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Musk taken inwardly. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies mu&s;t be timerou&s;ly admini&s;tred to Women with Child. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Relap&s;e mu&s;t be prevented. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An hy&s;terick Fit often mi&s;taken for one of the Spleen. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Camphire is not good for all. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> does Wonders. <HI>XX.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. IN a Fit from the retention of the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> a Vein may be Breathed. Not many days ago I had a Woman in Cure, who was taken with a Fit eight times a day, and another Phy&s;ician, who was there, would not admit of Bleeding; yet &s;he was Bled again&s;t the Phy&s;icians Will, and &s;he Reco|vered immediately. Wherefore in &s;uch a Ca&s;e we may Bleed with boldne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius l. 4. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> otherwi&s;e many Wo|men might Peri&s;h.</P>
<P N="2">II. Cupping gla&s;&s;es, with much Fire, mu&s;t be &s;et to the Thighs without Scarification; and then to the Groin on each &s;ide, for when they are &s;et to the&s;e Parts, they draw the Womb down, becau&s;e of the Ligaments. But they mu&s;t not be &s;et above the Navil, as &s;ome, through a great Mi&s;take, do: for either they will draw the Womb up, or keep it up,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> when it is &s;o: Yet they may be applied between the <HI>os pubis</HI> and the Navil on each &s;ide.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Aetius</HI> commends a Vomit, but it may be a que&s;tion whether it be convenient: For if the morbifick Cau&s;e be lodged in the Womb, it is &s;carce credible, that it &s;hould be drawn to the Stomach through &s;o many windings and turnings and &s;o be evacuated. To evacuate the antecedent Cau&s;e by rea&s;on it does not as yet cau&s;e a Fit, will do but little good. Be&s;ides, Vomiting in the Fit draws the Humors upwards, and di&s;turbs tho&s;e in the Womb, and &s;o may make the Fit the wor&s;e. Ne|verthele&s;s it is certain that a Vomit does good as well in the Fit, as out of it: for as Sneezing does good by the Motion and Agitation, &s;o does a Vo|mit: for in the act of Vomiting not only the mor|bifick Humors, which cau&s;e the Mi&s;chief, are evacu|ated, but al&s;o by the &s;training of the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>abdomen,</HI> the Womb is forced downwards, and the Vapors ari&s;ing thence are di&s;&s;ipated. And &s;ee|ing the Womb is ea&s;ily offended with all manner of things, the Cau&s;e does not alwayes ly in it, but &s;ometimes in other Parts al&s;o, which provoke the Womb by their cacochymie, to inordinate Mo|tions, as hy&s;terick Women often complain of ails in their Spleen.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;ius.</HI> de morb. Mul. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> If therefore the Cau&s;e ly any where el&s;e than in the Womb, it may be excluded by Vo|mit, and &s;o it will be convenient, as well upon ac|count of the conjunct, as antecedent Cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. I have long &s;ince by experience found that &s;uch Symptomes as the&s;e are much exa&s;perated and increa&s;ed, and others al&s;o &s;uperadded, by &s;harp and violent Medicines. Wherefore it is my Ad|vice,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercatus.</HI> de indic. Med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> that you alwayes u&s;e gentle Medicines in them (although the Fits be Violent) by which Method I have &s;een &s;everal re&s;tored to Health be|yond expectation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> &para; That the Womb is grievou&s;ly affected by the Guts, has been my Ob&s;ervation, for when a Purge has been given to them that are &s;ubject to Fits, they are u&s;ually mo&s;t grievou&s;ly afflicted. &para; If Fits ari&s;e from corrupt and poy&s;o|nous Humors, there is no better Remedy then often to purge the Body, according to the Condition and Nature of the peccant Humor. Here we mu&s;t con&s;ider from what Parts &s;uch Excrements flow into the Womb, and what they are, that we may help &s;o great an Evil. A Vomit &s;eems here peculi|arly convenient in my Opinion, becau&s;e when all the Excrements of the fir&s;t ways are purged, revul|&s;ion is made from the Womb: but not &s;o in other Cau&s;es:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> becau&s;e neither abundance of Blood nor Seed can be amended by Vomiting, unle&s;s by Accident. &para; <HI>Pilulae faetidae majores,</HI> though they be purging; yet half a drachm of them may be advan|tageou&s;ly given in the Fit: for they evacuate gently, and u&s;e not to purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> till the Fit is fir&s;t o|ver; &s;o that you need fear no danger from the Working.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Camerarius in horto &s;uo</HI> is the Author, that Ange|lica with Zeodary given in Wine is an excellent Remedy again&s;t Fits of the Mother: Which as Rea|&s;on denyes to be good for every Hy&s;terick Woman, &s;o Experience will prove, that it is good for this and the other individual; for &s;ome Hy&s;terick Women are refre&s;hed with grateful &s;mells, as, Bal&s;ame, Cin|namon, Amber and Musk; on the contrary, &s;ome are brought into great danger by <HI>a&s;&s;a foetida,</HI> Ca&s;tor, and the mo&s;t common and famous Remedies for uterine Symptomes. Of which Matter I &s;hall produce two contrary, but &s;ingular Examples. A few years &s;ince I was called to a Matron, who was taken with exceeding violent hy&s;terick Symptomes: To whom when I advi&s;ed, that they &s;hould be&s;ides a Galbanum Pla&s;ter, which the Women had applied before I came, give her al&s;o &s;ome Hy&s;terick water, and &s;hould hang about her Neck a piece of Ca&s;t|or, tied in a thin Silk, that they &s;hould burn &s;ome Partridge Feathers or to&s;te &s;ome Nutmeg; Then &s;he replied with a whi&s;pering Voice, Mu&s;t I then, who cannot bear the &s;mell of an hy&s;terick Plai&s;ter, bear moreover the&s;e &s;tinking Things? Certainly I &s;hall be Killed, who u&s;e to be refre&s;hed with the &s;mell of a Nutmeg, but unburnt. Wherefore I carefully enquired of her, whether or no &s;he was offended
<PB N="579" REF="255"> with <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> or <HI>Italian</HI> Gloves, that &s;melled of liquid Amber? But &s;he replied, that nothing could come more grateful to her. I ordered therefore the <HI>Galbanum</HI> Plai&s;ter to be pulled off; and to apply in its room another &s;weeter &s;cented, of <HI>Tacamahaca,</HI> and in&s;tead of Hy&s;terick waters &s;melling of Ca&s;tor, I re|commended to her Citron, Cinnamon water u&s;ual in this place, in a &s;poonful or two of which I gave a &s;cruple of <HI>faecula Bryoniae,</HI> and indeed the Symp|tomes abated, till &s;he applied the following Lini|ment, taken up in Cotton to her <HI>clitoris;</HI> Take of black Bal&s;ome of <HI>Peru,</HI> Oyl of Ja&s;min not rank each 2 dramchs, the be&s;t Civet half a &s;cruple. Upon the u&s;e whereof her mo&s;t urgent Symptomes as the In|flation and rumbling of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> and of all her Belly, <HI>Vertigo,</HI> difficulty of Breathing, Swoon|ing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> cea&s;ed; yea, &s;he was free 6 whole Months, whereas before, now and then &s;he was taken with them, and e&s;pecially when her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> were at hand. The latter Hi&s;tory contrary to the former is thus; Once when I went into the Country, it happened that I turned into the Royal Mannor of <HI>Ip&s;trup,</HI> and there I found &s;ome of my familiar Friends making merry, being admitted into the Parlor, where the Women were, and holding in my left Hand the Herb <HI>Monorchis</HI> or <HI>Orchis odorata mo&s;chata Jo. Baubini,</HI> which &s;mells of Saffron and Musk, tied in a No&s;egay, lo, all the re&s;t being &s;ilent, one of them, all on a &s;udden, began to complain of the fragrancy of my No&s;egay, and de&s;ired me to put it away, af|firming &s;he could not bear it, and I readily obeyed her, fearing that &s;he being Barren (for Barren Wo|men and old Maids, it is plain, are &s;ubject to ute|rine Symptomes) might fall into Fits. Therefore they that practi&s;e Phy&s;ick mu&s;t avoid &s;weet &s;cents,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>S. Pauli,</HI> Quadr. Bo|tan. cla&s;s. <HI>2.</HI> tit. Angeli|ca.</NOTE> when for the mo&s;t part the weaker Sex is ea&s;ily of|fended with &s;weet &s;cents; but not at all with &s;trong ones.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Whether it be lawful to u&s;e Titillations and Frictions, and &s;o to irritate Nature to void the Seed, let Divines inquire. It is no ab&s;urdity to be|lieve it lawful, becau&s;e then the Seed is voided, again&s;t the Womens will, and without their con|&s;ent; and &s;uch Seed is not at all prolifick, but the poy&s;on of the Body: not only an u&s;ele&s;s, but al&s;o a noxious excrement, as we take away Blood, the matter of Seed, and all Morbifick matter: And the Cure cannot otherwi&s;e &s;ucceed: Why may not it be lawful in the like manner to evacuate Seed, when it proves the cau&s;e of &s;o dangerous a Symp|tome,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro.</NOTE> as we do other Morbifick cau&s;es?</P>
<P N="7">VII. It is an u&s;ual thing al&s;o for &s;ome to &s;top the Mouth and No&s;e, and to &s;top the Breath, that &s;o Nature may be excited, which is &s;aid to have been the opinion of <HI>Haly:</HI> which yet to me &s;eems dange|rous: for when Breathing is almo&s;t aboli&s;hed, it cannot be wholly &s;topt and intercepted without hazard of the animal. Some think this Remedy is not of u&s;e in the Paroxy&s;m, but ju&s;t before it comes; becau&s;e by the retention of the Breath the upper Parts force their excrements to the lower, as ap|pears in making water and going to &s;tool, and in &s;uch as have a Rupture: for by holding ones Breath they are expelled with more violence. It is probable al&s;o that the &s;ame happens to the Womb. Yet <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> approves of it in the Fit, &s;o the holding ones Breath be but &s;hort, gentle and interpolated, for &s;o the innate heat being &s;trength|ned, di&s;per&s;es Hy&s;terick Vapors, and drives the Womb to the lower parts. But <HI>Sylvius</HI> is &s;o far from thinking that the Breath &s;hould be held, that he rather thinks it the be&s;t way to blow in ones No&s;trils, for he &s;ayes, that makes the Womb go down immediately.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. A certain healthy, and corpulent Woman, af|ter &s;he had taken a Medicine to make her Conceive, was taken with a pain in her Belly and with griping in the Guts, and &s;he &s;welled: There was &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, and perplexity of pain, and &s;he &s;wooned five times, &s;o that &s;he &s;eemed dead: nor did her pre&s;ent pain or difficulty of breathing abate by giving her a Vomit with cold water. But about 30 <HI>Amphorae</HI> of cold water were poured on her Body, and truly this only &s;eemed to do her good, and afterward Bile came plentifully downwards:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippocr. <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI></NOTE> But while the pain la&s;ted, &s;he could not go to &s;tool, and &s;he lived. About 30 <HI>Amphorae</HI> of cold water were poured on her Body. A wonderful thing, and which could never have been attempted, but by a generous Phy&s;ician: for an <HI>Amphora</HI> holds eight <HI>Congij,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> a <HI>Con|gius</HI> holds &s;ix <HI>Sextarii,</HI> and a <HI>Sextarius</HI> holds twenty ounces.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Chymi&s;ts commend <HI>Vitriolum Martis</HI> for this Di&s;ea&s;e, and they give a grain or two of it with a double quantity of Sugar for many dayes in Wine or &s;ome proper Liquor, yea, it may be given to 12 grains with &s;ome proper Con&s;erve. Cream of Tar|tar given frequently is very good to cure this Di&s;|ea&s;e. The&s;e two Medicines do good not only by opening but by cooling: For in this Di&s;ea&s;e there is often a hot imtemperature fixt to the Womb, ari|&s;ing from Blood retained within its Veins and heat|ed. As <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ayes there is an Inflammation of the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> in Hypochondriack Melancholy, from the Blood retained therein by ob&s;tructions and over heated. Therefore things which may cool the Womb are mo&s;t proper here, &s;uch as Semicupes, Vinegar and water taken in at the Mouth and by way of Cly&s;ter, and &s;uch like. A Cholerick Wo|man 20 years old, when &s;he was oppre&s;&s;ed with a Fit and had her Face red, was immediately Cured by a Cly&s;ter of Vinegar and water. A certain Maid was &s;uddenly taken with a mo&s;t grievous pain, which afflicted her Right &s;ide and Loyns &s;o cruelly, that &s;he was forced to roar out continually. Be|cau&s;e there was no Fever, I believed it was an hy|&s;terick affection: I therefore immediately gave her a Gla&s;s of Oxycrate, which within a quarter of an hour &s;he Vomited up again with much Phlegm: When her Vomiting was over, &s;he drunk another gla&s;s of Oxycrate, and her pain immediately vani|&s;hed, and &s;he was perfectly cured. &para; Here the Hi&s;tory may be added, related by <HI>Harvey</HI> in his <HI>tract. de partu</HI> of a Woman who was long &s;ick of Hy|&s;terick Symptomes, that would yield to no &s;ort of Remedies, who after many years at length recover|ed her health by the falling out of the Womb; Becau&s;e the Womb being expo&s;ed to the external Air, was cooled, and &s;o its inflammation and hot in|temperature was abated.</P>
<P N="10">X. The following Pills are very good in a very violent fit and u&s;e certainly to &s;top it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Take of <HI>A&s;&s;a foetida</HI> 1 &s;cruple, Ca&s;tor 6 grains, <HI>Laudanum</HI> 3 grains. Make 3 or 4 Pills, let her take them pre|&s;ently. &para; <HI>Hor&s;tius tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 398. advi&s;es well, that in making up <HI>Laudanum opiatum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hoeferus,</HI> Herc. Med. l. <HI>7.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> part of it be kept without Saffron, that it may more &s;afely be given, which has often cured &s;ick Women to a Miracle.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Bli&s;ters applied to the Hips are of u&s;e to prevent Fits: But I have often ob&s;erved that Sina|pi&s;ms applied to the Hips 2 or 3 hours before the Fit have diverted it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> which is a Remedy of le&s;s trouble.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Like as, where the &s;aid Suffocation is ur|gent, Ca&s;tor is de&s;ervedly preferred before many other things, and its Tincture with rectified Spirit of Wine, and Spirit of Sal Ammoniack; &s;o, where Cold is very urgent as well outwardly as inward|ly, as in a <HI>Syncope</HI> and Di&s;ea&s;es of that nature, above all things that I have hitherto yet known I com|mend the de&s;tilled oyl of Cloves, which is not in|grateful, nor do I di&s;approve of the oyl of Tur|pentine, which is le&s;s grateful, &s;eeing mixt with Spirit of Vitriol it rai&s;es an efferve&s;cency accom|panied with great heat. Let this mixture &s;erve for an example; Take of Water of Penny-royal 2 ounces, <HI>Theriacalis &s;implex</HI> 6 drachms, Tincture of Ca&s;tor 2 drachms, de&s;tilled oyl of Mace, of Amber
<PB N="580" REF="256"> each 3 drops, Syrup of Fennil half an ounce. Give it by &s;poonfuls, it is good al&s;o in Hypochondriack Di&s;ea&s;es. One &s;cruple of Spirit of Sal Ammoniac may be added to this mixture, which will make it much &s;tronger; or a narrow mouthed Gla&s;s con|taining the &s;aid Spirit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe. <HI>prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 19.</NOTE> may be held to the No&s;e, for by its &s;harp &s;mell People are got both out of Fits and the falling &s;ickne&s;s.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. I ob&s;erved in a Matron a mo&s;t grievous Aphony often returning, with Convul&s;ions; She had been Barren many years, and upon the ap|proach of her <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> was taken with a mo&s;t grie|vous Fit of the Mother, then with a &s;mall Epilep|&s;ie, at length with partial Convul&s;ions of Hands, Feet, Back, and horrible ones all the Body over. She upon u&s;ing of proper foetid, uterine Medicines, fell into more grievous Symptomes: for which cau&s;e we fell to Perfumes, Musk, to wit, and Am|ber, and we gave them in a &s;mall quantity with other Cephalick &s;trengthening things with good &s;ucce&s;s. Which &s;hould al&s;o be ob&s;erved in other Hy&s;terick Women: that is, in &s;uch, who&s;e Head and Nervous kind has been weakned in their youth by Epileptick Fits,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 26.</NOTE> or &s;ome other cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. A Woman was afflicted with mo&s;t cruel Symptomes, Head-ach, Belching, contraction of the Body, pain in her Groin, gna&s;hing of her Teeth, &s;ometimes falling to the ground &s;peechle&s;s, her Mouth &s;hut, &s;o that &s;he could not open it, and all the&s;e things from the fault of her Womb. She ha|ving tried many Medicines to no purpo&s;e, an old Woman coming in gave her 13 grains of Musk and as many of common Dragon's blood in 4 drachms of Orange flower water, &s;he was cured, and never af|ter had any Fits.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander, <HI>Sect.</HI> 5. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 5. &sect;. 10.</NOTE> I have given the &s;ame Medicine in the like ca&s;e, and it alwayes did good: I have given it &s;everal times.</P>
<P N="15">XV. In the cure of a pregnant Hy&s;terick Wo|man we mu&s;t take great care that Remedies be prudently admini&s;tred, and that violent and very foetid things be not given, le&s;t abortion be cau&s;ed. And the bu&s;ine&s;s mu&s;t be done more by external than internal things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Aetius</HI> well advi&s;es, that a Woman when &s;he has recovered her health, &s;hould not wholly be neg|lected, but for pre&s;ervation &s;ake &s;he &s;hould u&s;e Medicines at certain intervals, e&s;pecially at &s;u&s;pect|ed times; &s;o that the u&s;e of them &s;hould not whol|ly be left off, but the quantity abated.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. I and Dr. <HI>Dobritius</HI> had a Woman under Cure of Fits of the Mother, who had a very foul Body. She was taken about Night e&s;pecially with a &s;traitne&s;s about her Stomach, her Heart was op|pre&s;&s;ed, and almo&s;t all her Limbs had a tingling in them, her Head al&s;o aking. Various things were tried by us, the Humours were prepared, evacua|ted, &s;trengthning things were given, yet we did no good. At length through my per&s;wa&s;ion, we gave her <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum,</HI> upon taking of which &s;he began by degrees to amend: We continued it for a Fortnight, in which time &s;he was &s;o much relie|ved, that becau&s;e &s;he was better, and grew weary of Medicines, &s;he had rather commit the re&s;t to Na|ture than longer in&s;i&s;t on Medicines. I a&s;cribe her recovery chiefly to the Antimony. She indeed is well now, but not without complaints of a weari|ne&s;s in her Limbs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Doringius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We often meet with Women, who think they are ill of the Spleen, when they are Hy&s;te|rick. By Hy&s;terick Affections I mean the&s;e Symp|tomes, that happen not in the Womb it &s;elf, but in other Parts which have a Sympathy with the Womb: for the Womb has &s;ome Sympathy with all the Parts, e&s;pecially with &s;uch as are contained in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> to which it is joyned by its Veins, Arteries, Nerves, Membranes and by its Ligaments, from whence, becau&s;e of &s;ome vitious Blood, Seed or other Humours foul vapours expire into other Parts. And there is a very great Sympathy be|tween the Spleen and Womb by the Arteries, whence come Hypochondriack Ails, rumblings and pains of the Belly: And this Sympathy is &s;o fre|quent and familiar, that many &s;ay, they are only Sick of the Spleen,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trimiro&s;ius.</NOTE> when the Di&s;ea&s;e is in their Womb. &para; A Maid of a Melancholick nature had for &s;everal years been troubled with violent Fits, that returned often; Mo&s;t Phy&s;icians thought this mi&s;chief came from Malignant Vapors, bred in the Spleen, and ri&s;ing to the Diaphragm. It &s;o hap|pened, that the Patient was held almo&s;t a whole Night with &s;o violent a Fit, that they thought &s;he would dye every moment. I &s;u&s;pecting it to be a Fit of the Mother, gave her compound Balm water (which is much in u&s;e among us.) I poured 2 or 3 &s;poonfuls of it into her Mouth: &s;he came to her &s;elf to a Miracle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thonorus, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 185.</NOTE> and all her difficulty of Breath|ing cea&s;ed: Whence we knew, it was an Hy&s;terick Fit.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. I was called to a Matron, who was dan|gerou&s;ly ill of Fits, I found her lying with her Eyes &s;hut, and &s;peechle&s;s: I immediately pre&s;cribed her <HI>Aqua matricalis de Meli&s;&s;a Compo&s;ita;</HI> in&s;tead where|of through the Apothecaries mi&s;take <HI>Aqua matricalis camphorata</HI> was &s;ent, a &s;poonful of which when I had poured into her Mouth, &s;he began to complain as well as &s;he could, What do ye do? Then all her Head burnt as hot as Fire. But when the other <HI>de Meli&s;&s;a Compo&s;ita</HI> was brought, and given the Sick Woman, &s;he immediately recollected her &s;elf, began to open her Eyes and to &s;peak, and was recovered to her former health. Now though Camphire in &s;ome Hy&s;terick ca&s;es be no ignoble Medicine, yet you may find many Women, to whom it is an Ene|my, e&s;pecially &s;uch as have a hot Head, for by rea|&s;on of its volatil Spirits it pre&s;ently flies to the Head.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ob&s;. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> This Patient was of a Sanguine Complexi|on and ruddy Countenance.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Laudanum</HI> is admirable in Vapors, that Sym|pathically annoy the Brain, e&s;pecially in Fits of the Mother, mixt with Hy&s;tericks. <HI>Madamoi&s;elle de la Font</HI> after her Labor, was tormented almo&s;t to death with violent pains in her Belly, an irregular motion of her Womb, and with foul Vapors that annoyed and got up into her Brain; when &s;he had taken many Medicines to no purpo&s;e, as &s;oon as &s;he came to me, &s;he took <HI>Laudanum,</HI> &s;he &s;lept, and all things were well: Afterwards every Morning &s;he u&s;ed this Ma&s;s; Take of <HI>faecula Bryoniae</HI> half an ounce, Ca|&s;tor 2 drachms, Myrrhe 1 drachm, <HI>A&s;&s;a foetida</HI> and Saffron each half a drachm, <HI>Laudanum</HI> 4 &s;cruples and an half. Make a Ma&s;s; of which let her take 25 grains. She u&s;ed an Hy&s;terick Fomentation twice a day. When her Fits were quieted, &s;he recover|ed very well. &para; <HI>Madame de la Varenne</HI> was troubled with Malignant Vapors and a great pain in her Womb, with a great Swelling and very painful about her Guts and Me&s;entery, and &s;he was almo&s;t in a Con|&s;umption: At fir&s;t for every other day, afterwards a little longer &s;pace between, &s;he took <HI>Laudanum</HI> for the Symptome, and <HI>Mercury</HI> for the cure of her Di&s;ea&s;e; She recovered,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Theod. de Mayerne,</HI> tract. m. &s;. de Laudans.</NOTE> when &s;he had taken the <HI>Laudanum;</HI> She vomitted vi&s;cid matter every day. It is good in a flatulent Hypochondriack illne&s;s.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is an experiment which never fails; Take every Night before Supper <HI>Pilulae de Artemi&s;ia</HI> 2 &s;cru|ples. &para; Take of <HI>Siler,</HI> Madder, Penniroyal, <HI>Cala|mus Aromaticus,</HI> the kernel of Peony Seeds, each 6 drachms, the be&s;t Musk 3 &s;cruples, Spikenard 1 drachm. Make Pills with juice of Mugwort. The Do&s;e from 2 &s;cruples to 4. ab&s;taining neverthele&s;s in Summer and hot Sea&s;ons, and in Cholerick Con|&s;titutions. It helps in Inveterate Suffocations e|&s;pecially
<PB N="581" REF="256"> from the &s;toppage of the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> and reten|tion of Seed;<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Arculanus.</NOTE> after the Pills a Decoction of Mo|therwort and Mint in Wine mu&s;t be taken.</P>
<P N="2">2. This compo&s;ition does wonderfully help, as I have often tried, Fits of the Mother, and them who&s;e Limbs are contracted from that cau&s;e. It has in it of <HI>Triphera magna,</HI> dried Chamomil each half a drachm:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Benedic|tus.</NOTE> It is given fa&s;ting in Wine or with Su|gar.</P>
<P N="3">3. The fume of Wens that grow on Hor&s;es Legs is good again&s;t Fits of the Mother.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Theod. de Bry.</NOTE> &para; Spirit of <HI>Vi|triolum Veneris</HI> is a pre&s;ent Remedy, if 3 drops of it be taken in &s;ome proper Liquor.</P>
<P N="4">4. Give a drachm of Treacle, which al&s;o may be di&s;&s;olved in Oyl of Rue, and applied to the Part, by which you perceive the Vapours a&s;cend, by which means only a noble Matron, when no other Remedies did her good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Ca|&s;tro.</NOTE> was cured of a dangerous ri&s;ing of the Mother.</P>
<P N="5">5. Some &s;ay this is a never failing experiment; They take a head of Garlick, cut it in two, lay it upon the Coals, and lay on it a little <HI>Aloe hepatica,</HI> they take the juice and anoint the Navil,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Corbaeus.</NOTE> Wri&s;ts, Temples and No&s;trils of the Hy&s;terick party.</P>
<P N="6">6. In Fits of the Mother this is a &s;ingular Reme|dy; Take the Catkins of the Walnut-tree, dry them and powder them. Give 2 &s;cruples thereof with a drop or two of Oyl of Amber dropt on them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Crato.</NOTE> I know nothing better.</P>
<P N="7">7. <HI>Sal Jovis</HI> is a precious Remedy and Secret a|gain&s;t Fits of the Mother, anointed on the Navil. Three grains of it al&s;o may be given inwardly, with Hy&s;terick water 3 or 4 dayes in the Morn|ing.</P>
<P N="8">8. Salt of Vitriol, which cau&s;es Vomiting and promotes the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> is an excellent Remedy in Fits.</P>
<P N="9">9. A <HI>Galbanum</HI> Pla&s;ter is <HI>Montagnana</HI>'s Secret. We di&s;&s;olve <HI>Galbanum</HI> with a little Vinegar, &s;pread it on Leather, and apply it to the Woman's Navil, by which Remedy I have cured &s;everal, and rai&s;ed them out of Fits. &para; A certain Woman, when &s;he perceived the Fit coming, held only a piece of root of Ma&s;terwort in her Mouth, and chewed it a little, and &s;he was freed from the Fit, but &s;he drank a little good Wine Vinegar upon it, which made her belch, and &s;he e&s;caped it alwayes. &para; We received this for an admirable Secret, to bring a|way the after-burthen, for the &s;topt <HI>Men&s;es,</HI> to bring away a Mole or dead Child, and it is &s;aid to have been tried in them that have kept the afterbur|then 14 dayes; Take green Leaves of Lovage, pound them, put Rheni&s;h Wine to them, &s;train out the juice, and give a Gla&s;s of it to drink. In the Winter time brui&s;e the Seed of Lovage and let it boyl a little in Wine, then &s;train it, or (which is better) give it in Beer.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. This is a great Secret. Let a Cly&s;ter be made of a Decoction of Ground-Ivy, of which take 1 pound, add 1 ounce of Mithridate, and give it. It is proper in coldne&s;s of the Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Mich. de Heredia.</NOTE> and when the Seed is corrupt.</P>
<P N="11">11. Hens dung di&s;&s;olved in White Wine and mixt with &s;ome Cordial has helped many.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. Only the Seed of Garden Par&s;nep dried and powdered, and half a drachm of it given in Wine or in &s;ome Hy&s;terick water is a peculiar Specifick for Fits of the Mother.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Querceta|nus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">13. Equal parts of Cows and Deers dung given in warm Wine to a Woman, when &s;he goes to &s;leep, pre&s;ently takes away the pain, and Fits. &para; Lin|nen clothes dipt in Cows pi&s;s or in a Dunghil, and applied warm to the Navil and Womb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Dan. Ru|land.</NOTE> quiets it.</P>
<P N="14">14. If the hair of the Patient be burnt and the fume of it received, it does wonders on a &s;udden. I have often tried it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Surditas,</HI> or Deafne&s;s. (See <HI>Di&s;ea&s;es of the Ears,</HI> Book I.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t Purge violently? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Bleeding. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Head mu&s;t always be Purged. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be Cured by Fluxing? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Childbed Women, and &s;uch as are recovering from Sickne&s;s, it requires a peculiar way of Cure. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Deafne&s;s and noi&s;e &s;hould be Cured with dry or moi&s;t things? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by Sweating and Bathing. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be cautious in the u&s;e of Oyl of bitter Almonds. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of natural Bathes. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nothing mu&s;t be dropt in, but topical Medicines mu&s;t be applied by Tents. <HI>X.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t give a Purge of &s;ome Medicine, that purges the peccant Humour violently: for, &s;eeing the Humours are gro&s;s and impacted, they are rather di&s;turbed than carried off by a gen|tle Medicine; wherefore I think, for this rea&s;on <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid, <HI>a di&s;turbed Belly,</HI> that is, one very loo&s;e, <HI>cures Deafne&s;s.</HI> But we may not u&s;e &s;uch things fre|quently without danger, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his advice,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> <HI>we mu&s;t purge &s;uch with that which in a &s;mall quantity purges a great deal.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. I have ob&s;erved, that Deafne&s;s in many ari&s;es from abundance of Blood pa&s;&s;ing by the roots of the Ears. Therefore the Remedy of a certain Bathe-keeper of <HI>Bavaria</HI> &s;eems to me not altogether ab|&s;urd, whereby, as I have been told by &s;everal, he has cured many of thickne&s;s of Hearing. And it is thus; He orders the deaf Per&s;ons to go into the Bath in the Morning, that the Veins, which are behind the Ears, may &s;well with the heat of the Bath: afterwards he cuts them thus turgid, and takes away as much Blood, as he thinks fit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Oeth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us, <HI>apud</HI> Schan|ckium.</NOTE> to the great benefit of &s;uch as are troubled with thickne&s;s of Hearing.</P>
<P N="3">III. If any one be deaf, who has a hot and dry Head, I would not purge his Head: It is &s;ufficient to take away the matter below, and hinder it from a&s;cending; for &s;o the Head may ea&s;ily be cured, and &s;o I would do nothing to the Head, neither give &s;neezing, nor gargari&s;ms, much le&s;s pump it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanus, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 152.</NOTE> nor any thing el&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In a very &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t proceed to Fluxing with Quick-&s;ilver, that if po&s;&s;ible, the matter that cau&s;es the Di&s;ea&s;e, may be purged by the Mouth: for Deafne&s;s cau&s;ed by the Pox is &s;o cured, and perhaps, where that is not the cau&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fon&s;c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE> it may al&s;o be thus cured. &para; Rea&s;on tells us as much; for Quick&s;ilver &s;oftens and di&s;cu&s;&s;es hard Tumours, and mo&s;t powerfully di&s;&s;olves Humours that are concrete and &s;ettled in the Parts, and &s;o perhaps may di&s;&s;olve Phlegm, concrete in the Ear, when it will not give way to other Remedies. Yet this Remedy mu&s;t not be tried but in a de&s;perate ca&s;e; for its event is very hazardous and dubious: becau&s;e the Brain is much damaged by anointing with Quick-&s;ilver, &s;o that either deafne&s;s or thick|ne&s;s of hearing takes &s;ome, who are cured by flux|ing; although, as is &s;aid before, Deafne&s;s cau&s;ed by the Pox is &s;ometime cured by fluxing:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riveriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> And fluxing well managed, after &s;ufficient purging, &s;el|dome leaves any hurt in the Brain.</P>
<P N="5">V. The cure ought not to be the &s;ame in Child-Bed Women, &s;uch as are upon recovery from Sick|ne&s;s,
<PB N="582" REF="257"> and others, by rea&s;on of the diver&s;ity of cau|&s;es affords divers Indications for cure. For in Wo|men in Travel, the animal faculty does its utmo&s;t to deliver the Child, therefore there is a great In|flux of animal Spirits about the &s;pinal Marrow, to be di&s;tributed into the Nerves of the Mu&s;cles of the lower Belly. This inten&s;e violence of motion is the cau&s;e, why the origination of the Nerves, e&s;pecially about the hind part of the Head, is affec|ted, to wit, where the &s;pinal Marrow de&s;cends: Now the Nerve of the fifth Conjugation, which is allotted to hearing, has its original there, and by a very &s;hort duct is in&s;erted into the inner Ear. Whence it is plain that in &s;uch &s;training it may &s;uf|fer al&s;o, and that thick and vi&s;cid Humours may af|ter Travel be gathered about its in&s;ertion, becau&s;e of the faintne&s;s of the innate heat, and the Womans weakne&s;s by rea&s;on of her violent commotion, and &s;eeing upon other accounts the animal faculties are weak in lying in and pregnant Women. And &s;uch as are upon recovery, have their concoctive and al|terative faculty weakned, wherefore there is a produce of many Vapors from the weak heat, which, when they get into the Organ of hearing, cau&s;e a depraved &s;en&s;e. In lying in-Women there|fore it mu&s;t be our care that they clean&s;e well; we mu&s;t have regard to the whole by preparation and evacuation of the Humours, not neglecting outward applications, that the matter gathered a|bout the Organ of hearing may be cut, di&s;cu&s;&s;ed and &s;pent. In convale&s;cents it is &s;ufficient that the innate heat be fortified. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e go not away of it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>prob.</HI> 4. <HI>dec.</HI> 3.</NOTE> gentle di&s;&s;olvents &s;hould be u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The cure of Deafne&s;s and Noi&s;e &s;hould be at|tempted rather by dry than moi&s;t things, becau&s;e by actual humidity the Tympane is made lax, the im|planted Air is thickned, and the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;ed. Wherefore &s;uffumigations of Saffron, Myrrhe, <HI>Styrax, Benzoin</HI> and Frankincen&s;e are appro|ved by <HI>Hercules Saxonia Panthei lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 20. And <HI>Joh. Zwelfer</HI> has regard to the Tympane, <HI>Aqua Acoui&s;tica Min|dereri,</HI> &s;ayes he, if it mu&s;t be made u&s;e of, I think nei|ther it, nor any thing el&s;e, &s;hould in any quantity be poured into the Ear, &s;eeing the Membrane ex|panded upon the <HI>annulus</HI> and the little Bones under|neath, called the Tympane is very thin, &s;o that ve|ry ea&s;ily it may totally be de&s;troyed and eroded by pouring in of &s;harp Liquors, and &s;o the hearing be quite de&s;troyed. Therefore I think it more ad|vi&s;able, &s;ayes <HI>Schneider lib. de Cathar. &s;pecial. p.</HI> 99. that a piece of a wheaten Loaf new drawn out of the Oven be &s;prinkled with this water and applied and bound hot to the Ear, that &s;o the heat of the bread and the &s;pirituous water acting together, the gro&s;s Humours which ob&s;truct the auditory Nerves and Pa&s;&s;ages, may be incided, attenuated, and evacua|ted by in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, or, being driven back to the palate, by &s;pittle. Wherefore in &s;uch ca&s;es it would not be ami&s;s to take this water into ones Mouth, for the greater attenuation and attrac|tion of the gro&s;s Humours from the auditory pa&s;&s;a|ges (got within the Tympane) which can never get out at the Tympane without hurting and eating it through.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Joel l.</HI> 2. <HI>pract. S.</HI> 2. commends for Deafne&s;s, all things requi&s;ite premi&s;ed, a Sudorifick draught of <HI>Theriaca Andromachi</HI> and Rue water. <HI>O&s;w. Grembs l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &sect;. 11. in imitation of him commends a Su|dorifick cure of a Decoction of the Woods to con|&s;ume the moi&s;ture of the Brain. This I have pro|ved by experience, that, if deaf Per&s;ons have a thick and cold Humour impacted in the auditory Nerve or in the Tympane, all things requi&s;ite being premi&s;ed, Bathing is good, to &s;it in water up to the Navil, not too hot, but only that the parts may be warm and the Blood rendred more fluid. A lit|tle after, 2 or 3 drops of Apoplectick Water mu&s;t be dropt into the Ear on the &s;ide affected, and &s;o you will &s;ee your Patient cured out of hand. For the Sick &s;ay,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> that after the u&s;e of this they feel as if &s;omething had fallen out of their Ear.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Oyl of bitter Almonds is commended indeed in Deafne&s;s and a Noi&s;e in ones Ears: But becau&s;e of the windings in the Ear, we mu&s;t be cautious in the u&s;e of it; For when it is got to the Membrane of the <HI>Tympanum,</HI> becau&s;e it cannot ea&s;ily be wiped out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli, <HI>Quadrip. Botan. p.</HI> 19.</NOTE> it makes the Membrane lax, and &s;o does not only not cure, but encrea&s;e Deafne&s;s. &para; It is my opini|on, that no unctuous things &s;hould be dropt into the Ears, le&s;t the membrane of the Tympane grow|ing thick, &s;hould make dull the hearing, who&s;e ex|cellence con&s;i&s;ts in dryne&s;s. All Membranes whe|ther they be &s;oftned with oyl, or be often wetted, are puffed up and grow white. If it be thought good to u&s;e any Oyls,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Th. de May|erne,</HI> confilio pro &s;urdo. M. S.</NOTE> the exhalation of them is &s;ufficient, without pouring in of the &s;ub&s;tance, by which evaporation the implanted Air, when in&s;pi&s;|&s;ated, will be &s;ufficiently attenuated with the ad|ventitious.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Sulphureous and bituminous Bathes, as well by way of Bath, as by wa&s;hing of the Head, are good for the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e: for by Bathing plenty of Sweat is provoked, and the antecedent matter of the Fluxion is di&s;charged: And by wa&s;h|ing of the Head the Brain is &s;trengthned and dried. The peculiar way of u&s;ing them is de&s;cribed by <HI>Pe|notus,</HI> and is very much commended. <HI>Nothing does &s;o much good in Deafne&s;s, even after the u&s;e of an Hundred Remedies, as for the Patient fir&s;t to clean&s;e his Body well, and then purge his Head, and wet his Head with Sulphure|ous Bathes in this manner. Let him wear upon his Head, as it were a Cap of large Sponges &s;owed together, coming down to his Eye brows and below his Ears: Let him &s;it under the current of the Bath, and turning a Cock, let him receive the water, which &s;oaked up by the Sponges, will keep the Head warm with its continual heat, and opening all the &s;utures of the Head and commi&s;&s;ures of the Ears, it will take away the Vapours or will wa&s;t by exhalation the matter impacted in the Nerves, and auditory Pa&s;&s;ages, or will &s;o di&s;place it, that it will quickly go away. It is convenient for him to &s;it thus twice a day for two hours, and then pre&s;ently to &s;weat in Bed, and to u&s;e a thin diet of Fle&s;h Brothes;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> <HI>and he mu&s;t ab&s;tain from all Wine, unle&s;s it be very &s;mall.</HI> If any one in&s;i&s;t up|on the u&s;e of the Bathes, I utterly di&s;approve of put|ting the whole Body into the Sulphureous water, becau&s;e of the frequent effu&s;ion of Blood by the Haemorrhoids, but e&s;pecially becau&s;e of the Stone, for which the heating of the Kidneys and Loyns is very bad. I think it &s;ufficient, if the Head (the Bo|dy being fir&s;t well purged) be watred from on high, all cautions ob&s;erved, which the Phy&s;icians there pre&s;ent &s;hall give. My Lord &s;eems to abhor the thick fuliginous Air of the Bath: An Embro|chation from on high by &s;ome proper In&s;trument will &s;erve in&s;tead thereof, out of which &s;ome Ce|phalick Decoction may run at a Cock, prepared with a Barber's <HI>Lixivium,</HI> adding Malm&s;ey Wine, upon the Head &s;haven, and covered with a Cap made of &s;oft Sponges, with other things, which may keep the Liquor from the Parts below, and may deliver it into a ba&s;on near it. This irrigation al|&s;o may be received upon the &s;utures of the Head naked, which, when the &s;ea&s;on of the year is heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Th. de May|erne,</HI> confilio M. S. pro Comite <HI>Den|bigh.</HI></NOTE> done once or twice a week, wiping and drying the Head very well after it, will be very good. It is u&s;ed daily by the <HI>Italians.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. In Deafne&s;s from pituitous matter &s;ome To|pical Medicine mu&s;t be put into the Ears, which at fir&s;t mu&s;t have an inciding and deter&s;ive, and then a drying faculty, that the Humour which is in the Ears may be attenuated and clean&s;ed, and then the Membrane may be dried. Therefore let a Tent dipt in <HI>Oxymel</HI> of Squills be put e&s;pecially in the Night time, for Medicines mu&s;t not be poured in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis <HI>tom.</HI> 2. <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 79.</NOTE> le&s;t the auditory pa&s;&s;age be hurt, as <HI>Galen</HI> 3. K. T. 1. advi&s;es, but they mu&s;t be got in with a Tent or a Probe wrapt in Wool.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="583" REF="257">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A Decoction of Ca&s;tor and Laurel-berries mixt with a little Vinegar, and dropt into the Ear is ad|mirably good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Donatus ab Altomari.</NOTE> &para; Ants Eggs brui&s;ed will cure the mo&s;t inveterate Deafne&s;s.</P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Praevotius</HI> has Saffron and Cloves with juice of Woodbind for a Secret,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thom. Bar|tholinus.</NOTE> with which I u&s;e to mix Ro&s;e-water, dip Cotton in it, and put it into the Ear.</P>
<P N="3">3. This Tent is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy; Take of <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> white Hellebore each 1 &s;cruple, <HI>Eu|phorbium</HI> half a &s;cruple. Mix them. Make a Tent with Honey, juice of Onions or Radi&s;h, and keep it in for &s;ome dayes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. In the diminution of the Sen&s;e of Hearing; Take of Leaves of <HI>Carduus benedictus</HI> dried 1 handful, &s;prinkle them with wine, then pour &s;ome <HI>Car|duus benedictus</HI> water to them, and de&s;till them in a Gla&s;s. Warm a little of this in a Spoon, and hold the Head a little on the contrary &s;ide; then let it run out again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and keep the Ear always &s;topt with Cotton and Musk.</P>
<P N="5">5. Snails with long Ears, and an exqui&s;ite touch, if they be boyled in water and &s;alt, and after they are dried be de&s;tilled with Oyl of Amber, or Fenil or Ca&s;tor; The Oyl that comes off is admirable for the recovery of Hearing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deodatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. The Steam of boyled Beans received into the Ears is &s;aid to be a pre&s;ent Remedy. &para; Nothing is more certain than &s;pirit of Turpentine, if you drop a few drops into the Ear.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. If it come from gro&s;s Humours ob&s;tructing the Auditory Nerves, de&s;tilled oyl of Chamomil flow|ers is a generous Remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joel.</NOTE> a few drops whereof may be dropt in warm.</P>
<P N="8">8. Take the fat of an Eel as &s;he is roa&s;ting on a Spit and it drops from her, mix it with its own Gall, keep it in a Gla&s;s, when there is occa&s;ion, drop a drop or two in the Ear. It is a &s;pecifick Medicine for Deafne&s;s by what means &s;oever it comes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dominicus Leo.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. After the Tympany is clean&s;ed, and &s;ome Li|quor poured in that di&s;cu&s;&s;es wind, nothing is bet|ter than the Urine of an Hare dropt in warm, the frequent u&s;e whereof has done &s;everal good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Several, who had been long Deaf, have been cured with this; One gave <HI>diaolibanum,</HI> and he made a &s;team under the Ear of a Decoction of hot Herbs, if it came from a cold matter; but of cold Herbs, if it came from hot matter, and he fomented the Ear with the &s;imple Decoction. Afterwards he dropt in this; Take of white Hellebore, Ca&s;tor, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> nitre each a like, mix them all and boyl them in wine till the wine be almo&s;t con|&s;umed, &s;train it, and drop a little of it hot into the Ear, and keep it there an hour, afterwards give &s;ome &s;neezing of powder of white Hellebore or Pepper: When the Patient begins to &s;neeze, let him hold his No&s;e violently,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Villanovanus</NOTE> that he cannot breathe, when he &s;neezes.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Syncope, Leipothymia,</HI> or Swooning or Fainting.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether one may be let Blood in a Swoon? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One ari&s;ing from afright, cured by Bleeding. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some dye for want of Bleeding. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vinegar of Ro&s;es is not good for all. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Medicines mu&s;t be poured in, when People cannot &s;wallow? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Swooning cau&s;ed by the Spleen, cured by looking to it. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what virtue Medicines act, that cure it? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it come from the Stomach, things concentrating the Spirits are proper. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Aromatick Oyls and Volatil Salts. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirit of Ro&s;es does not cool. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that dye away mu&s;t not be quickly buried. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Swoonings that proceed from the wa&s;ting of the Spirits mu&s;t not be cured one and the &s;ame way. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it proceed from pain, Narcoticks are &s;ometimes proper. <HI>XIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether may Blood be let when People are in a &s;woon? In a &s;purious <HI>Syncope,</HI> which the &s;topping of the Blood in the Veins breeds, which according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen l.</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> mu&s;t be e&s;teemed twofold, one from &s;tore of Blood in the greater Ve&s;&s;els, another only from the <HI>Caro|tides</HI> and jugulars, Blood mu&s;t immediately be taken away, ere it being deprived of its Spirits, become concrete, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be incurable, as much as convenient, con&s;idering the &s;trength and fulne&s;s of the Body. Which when done, and a &s;pare cour&s;e of diet is followed, we mu&s;t divert, what is con|tained in the Body, to the lower parts, and after|wards what concrete Blood there is, we mu&s;t make it fluid with drinking hot things, and by gently rubbing the whole Body. But in this ca&s;e it is very rare that one can make the Blood fluid, un|le&s;s the Spirits be much &s;tronger than before: for, if not, (or if the Pul&s;e be bad) it is a &s;ign that the Blood is then concrete, in which ca&s;e we mu&s;t wholly ab&s;tain from Blood-letting, and make u&s;e of &s;uch Remedies as may make the concrete Blood fluid, as Hares-rennet in water and Honey, or wa|ter and Honey with Marjoram boyled in it, with the addition of a little <HI>Oxymel;</HI> or half a drachm of Treacle or Mithridate di&s;&s;olved in the &s;aid water. But if you be certain that the Blood is not con|crete, you can no way &s;ooner bring the Patient to life again than by letting him Blood. Which when you have done once, if the Patient bear it well, and if the Blood run high, you may try the Reme|dy again, till you find the Patient relieved, but if no Blood will come, you may reckon it is concrete, and you need try no more.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Woman, as &s;he &s;aw her Husband fighting with his Neighbour fell into a Swoon, I was call|ed, and by my order &s;he was cured by Bleeding. In this &s;ick Woman the Blood had for fear and grief retired to the Heart as to a tower, by which when the Heart is &s;uffocated, I have ob&s;erved &s;e|veral have died, both becau&s;e the vital faculty is extingui&s;hed by too great abundance, and becau&s;e the Spirits cannot pa&s;s through the Ve&s;&s;els, for want of which the extream parts grow dead. In &s;o great decay of Spirits let the Phy&s;ician never omit Bleeding. But <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f by rea&s;on of extream lo&s;s of &s;trength, and the abolition of the pul&s;e in a manner, the Phy&s;ician be doubtful, let Cupping-gla&s;&s;es be &s;et to his Hips and Thighs with &s;carifica|tions in&s;tead of Bleeding.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fontanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. It often counterfeits an Apoplexy, but with|out ratling; nor does it leave a Pal&s;ie behind it. If it return often violently, at length it oppre&s;&s;es and &s;uffocates the Heart, not only becau&s;e the ex|cur&s;ion of the Blood is intercepted, by the pleni|tude of the Ve&s;&s;els, but becau&s;e &s;ome thick &s;ub|&s;tance of the Blood, being forced within the Ven|tricles of the Heart, oppre&s;&s;es it, which cau&s;es an A&s;phyxy in the motion of the Heart and Arteries. This Di&s;ea&s;e is as frequent among the <HI>Germans</HI> as the Apoplexy, from their athletick habit of Body, which is contracted from their continual good fel|low-&s;hip and drinking. Yet they take no care to take down that plethorick habit by Bleeding libe|rally: And &s;o no wonder, if through &s;uch abun|dance of Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> they fall into an Apoplexy or a Cardiack <HI>Syncope.</HI></P>
<P N="4"><PB N="585" REF="258">IV. Vinegar of Ro&s;es is not good for every <HI>Syn|cope,</HI> for &s;eeing contrary cau&s;es mu&s;t needs be re|moved by contrary Remedies, therefore it is ma|nife&s;t, that the di&s;&s;olution of the Spirits mu&s;t be cured one way, and their &s;uffocation or infection another. Wherefore we conclude with <HI>Capivaccius</HI> 2. <HI>pract. cap.</HI> 9. that a <HI>Syncope</HI> coming from a di&s;&s;olu|tion of the Spirits, may be very well taken off by the u&s;e of cooling things, applied e&s;pecially to the Forehead, Face, region of the Heart and Wri&s;ts, in which ca&s;e Vinegar of Ro&s;es is proper, for Vine|gar penetrates and Ro&s;es cool and concentre the Spirits. But if &s;uffocation be the cau&s;e, attenua|tion and di&s;&s;olution of the Morbifick matter is of nece&s;&s;ity required, which cannot at all be done by cooling things; wherefore here we mu&s;t have re|cour&s;e to Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>Nigella,</HI> Mithridate, Cinnamon water, rubbing the extream parts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If there be Malignity, we mu&s;t provide for the Heart by Be|zoarticks. No wonder then if in the ab&s;ence of Phy&s;icians Patients often dye in a Swoon: For it may &s;o happen, that the Spirits, which are other|wi&s;e &s;uffocated, may, by applying &s;ome common cooling Remedy, be further conglobated about their principle, and by this means the vital faculty may be utterly &s;uppre&s;&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. When a Patient is liker to one dead than alive, &s;o that he can neither open nor &s;hut his Mouth, much le&s;s &s;wallow any thing as he &s;hould, then it will be the be&s;t way to take &s;ome Aroma|tick Oyls, either &s;imple or compound, mingled on|ly and &s;tirred together a little with rectified Spirit of Wine, or more nearly joyned together by a greater artifice and long circulation, and pour 3 or 4 drops into the Patient's Mouth, and &s;ome|times more, and e&s;pecially by a Silver or Golden pipe into the Throat, to the end they may pene|trate both into the Stomach and Guts (from whence the cau&s;e of &s;o grievous an evil is often di&s;per&s;ed to all parts) and into the Pipes of the Lungs, to the very Blood that &s;ticks in the Pulmonary Ve&s;|&s;els,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o&euml;.</NOTE> and &s;o correct and amend this urgent harm.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Noble-man complained to me, that he im|mediately fell into a Swoon, as he turned him&s;elf on his left Side, and his Spirits were &s;o far gone, that he was got out of it with much difficulty. When I inquired into the cau&s;e, I reckoned, &s;ome Melancholick Humour, having &s;ome ill quality in it, &s;ent a poy&s;onous Vapor from the Spleen to the Heart, which mu&s;t be the cau&s;e of this Malignant Symptome; nor was I deceived in my conjecture: For when he was put in a right cour&s;e of Diet, after his Body had univer&s;ally been purged of Me|lancholy, and particularly his Spleen by giving Me|dicines to open the Ob&s;tructions thereof, and his Heart &s;trengthened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> he was cured of it.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In a Swooning Fit &s;ometimes &s;uch things mu&s;t be given as powerfully concentrate the Spi|rits and acid Vapors, and &s;ometimes &s;uch as di&s;cu&s;s glutinous ones. Subtil things, to the end they may pe|netrate to all parts, may be mixt with them, &s;uch are Spirituous things, and volatil and Oyly Salts, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are prepared by art of divers parts of Animals, or of certain Plants. The&s;e are good, Aromatick Tinctures, drawn by means of rectified &s;pirit of Wine from divers Spices, or from any Aromatick parts of Plants or Animals, either by infu&s;ion alone, or al&s;o by de&s;tillation, for exam|ple, Take of water of Mint, Fenel each 1 ounce, Scurvy-gra&s;s, <HI>Aqua vitae Matthioli</HI> each half an ounce, <HI>Laudanum opiatum</HI> 2 grains, Syrup of Mint 1 ounce, oyl of Cloves, Nutmeg de&s;tilled each 2 drops. Mix them. Give it by &s;poonfuls. Let no man wonder here, that <HI>Laudanum opiatum</HI> is added. For I main|tain, that <HI>Opium</HI> has an excellent virtue in hindring and re&s;training the vitious efferve&s;cency of &s;harp Humours, both in the &s;mall Guts, and in the Heart and el&s;ewhere, without which efferve&s;cence, noxi|ous and &s;harp Vapors could not ea&s;ily be rai&s;ed, and produce Swooning Fits. To this mixture ma|ny very efficacious things may be added, made of divers parts of Animals, Tincture of Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Salt, of Sal Ammoniac, of Urine, the Volatil and Oyly Salt of Blood, Bones, Horns, Hoofs. The Oyls mu&s;t be rectified, and not only in part be freed from their <HI>Empyreuma,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> but made more pene|trating and potent. The rectification mu&s;t be made with Spirit of Wine tartari&s;ate.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that when Swooning pro|ceeds from the offence of the Stomach, things that call out the Spirits are not proper, but rather things that repel them to the Heart, as throwing cold water or Ro&s;e water in the Face.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. In fear of Swooning, and in &s;mall Faintings, accompanied with trouble&s;ome cold, the following Mixture may be prepared of Shop Medicines, a &s;poonful to be given often between whiles, Take of water of Mint 2 ounces, <HI>Aqua vitae Matthioli</HI> 1 ounce, or Tincture of Cinnamon half an ounce, oyl of Cloves 6 drops, Scurvy-gra&s;s 1 ounce. Mix them. I do not only commend volatil Salts and Aromatick Oyls from Experience; but becau&s;e rea&s;on per&s;wades the &s;ame, drawn from the <HI>analy&s;is</HI> of the Salts and Oyls, and from the efficient cau&s;e of this Hypochondriack &s;uffocation, that is, vi&s;cid and acid Phlegm, or vi&s;cid, and acid or au&s;tere Va|pors, compared together: For the&s;e Salts and Oyls have a virtue to di&s;&s;olve and incide every Vi&s;cid, to temper and correct every thing acid and au&s;tere, and to di&s;cu&s;s and di&s;&s;ipate whatever is ba|lituous and windy.</P>
<P N="10">X. Spirit of Ro&s;es refre&s;hes the Heart and Brain and revives the Spirits, one drop or two perfumes a great quantity of Water. Therefore in Swoon|ing and Fainting, the Do&s;e of it is from 5 drops to half a Scruple or a whole one. But &s;ome mi&s;take and give it cool, when yet it is as hot as other Spi|rit, and is fully &s;eparated from the cooling parts of the Ro&s;es. For we mu&s;t know that &s;imple Me|dicines made of Vegetables have for the mo&s;t part the virtue of the Plants whereof they are made, and may be put to the &s;ame u&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> unle&s;s the&s;e Plants have different parts; Therefore Rheubarb in &s;ub&s;tance binds.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t have a care of &s;uch Patients, that we think not of burying them pre&s;ently: for &s;eve|ral have come to them&s;elves in the Grave. Let this one In&s;tance &s;uffice. In the year 1582. my Ho&s;t at <HI>Cleves,</HI> who lives at the Sign of the Eagle, told me, that 17 years before, he was taken with a mo&s;t grievous acute Di&s;ea&s;e, and at length he fell into &s;uch a Swoon, that all men thought he had been Dead, that <HI>Johannes Wierus</HI> was called to him, and found that his Soul was not then &s;eparated from his Body: and therefore ordered him to be cover|ed up warm in Bed and Cordials to be given him, and while he was bu&s;ie about the recovery of his Patient, the Friends were preparing for the Fune|ral, but the next day he came to him&s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. All that faint for want of Spirits mu&s;t not be brought to them&s;elves one and the &s;ame way: for it is nece&s;&s;ary to con&s;ider in what manner the cau&s;e makes its impre&s;&s;ion and to oppo&s;e that. For although all immoderate evacuations di&s;&s;ipate the Spirits, yet you mu&s;t cure one way, if it proceed from too much Sweating, another way if from a Loo&s;ne&s;s, another, if from lo&s;s of Blood, and ano|ther if from Vomiting. For they that Faint for Sweating or great heat, and have a weak retentive faculty, are ea&s;ily rai&s;ed by throwing a little cold water, or Ro&s;e water, or Vinegar, not all over their Skin, but only their Face and Hands, and that &s;ud|denly: both that the Skin being conden&s;ed, the Spirits may not wa&s;t &s;o much, and that the Patient by the &s;udden retroce&s;&s;ion of the Spirits may be the &s;ooner rai&s;ed: and for the &s;ame rea&s;on you mu&s;t take care to cool the Air by throwing &s;uch cooling things on the Floor, and by Fanning it,
<PB N="585" REF="258"> that the Skin may be made clo&s;e, and the Spirits be thickned. Which Remedies you mu&s;t not u&s;e, if a loo&s;ne&s;s be the cau&s;e of Swooning; for by throw|ing cold water the Humours are driven inwards, which it is requi&s;ite to draw outwards. Nor mu&s;t you do it, if one faint for plenitude or ob&s;truction. But if it ari&s;e from &s;ome pa&s;&s;ion of the mind, which may draw the Spirits outwards, you may u&s;e the &s;ame Remedy, as if it came from Pain or Evacuati|on. In the &s;ame manner al&s;o you mu&s;t rai&s;e the Patient by pulling him by the No&s;e, e&s;pecially if the Humors purge downwards. If it proceed from Vomiting, you mu&s;t bind, heat and rub the Legs; if from a Loo&s;ene&s;s, the Arms. Tho&s;e that Faint for lo&s;s of Blood you may rai&s;e by the &s;ame revul&s;ions, and by applying warm wine to the &s;tones in a Man, and to the Brea&s;ts in a Woman. But you may fetch the&s;e and all others again by &s;uch things as revive the Spirits as white, thin, odori|ferous Wine, diluted with &s;teel water. If it be oc|ca&s;ioned by Sweat, by u&s;ing Sudorificks, or holding new baked Bread be&s;prinkled with them to the No&s;e. But in loo&s;ene&s;s of the Belly, Bread in red Wine is of great moment, if there be neither in|ternal Inflammation, nor a <HI>delirium,</HI> nor any heat. Epithemes and &s;prinkling of cold water by turns and intervals, le&s;t all efflux of Vapors might be &s;topt: The u&s;e al&s;o of cooling a&s;tringent things is good, &s;uch as the juice of a Pomegranate. But let them that Faint for Sweat, ab&s;tain from frictions and Wine, except to &s;mell to. To them that Faint for Vomiting you mu&s;t give a draught of old white or black Wine, e&s;pecially if it ari&s;e from crude and vi&s;cid juices, as a draught of cold or hot water, if the Humour be bilious, &s;harp or &s;alt. All which things you mu&s;t do (except the revul&s;ions) if the Patient Faint through violent heat.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. They that are &s;ubject to Swoon becau&s;e of Pain, pa&s;&s;ion of the Mind, and diaphoretick eva|cuations, mu&s;t u&s;e &s;uch things as allay pain; but that which does mo&s;t good, is a thing that &s;tupefies a little: for either by &s;tupefying the Sen&s;e, or pro|curing re&s;t, it &s;tops the Flux a little, till the Spi|rits are recruited, and are able to defend the Pa|tient from the cruelty of the Pain and other acci|dents. But becau&s;e in the&s;e Per&s;ons the Spirits are extream low,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> I advi&s;e to u&s;e them &s;paringly and with caution.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. It is good in all Swoonings to apply a large Cupping-gla&s;s with much flame to the left Shoul|der.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Cae&s;. Clau|dinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. When the Body is purged, Spirit of Wine rectified and perfumed with Amber and Musk, and &s;weetned with a little Sugar is a good Remedy a|gain&s;t Swooning. &para; The E&s;&s;ence of Citron,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Faber.</NOTE> Co|ral, Pearl, Balm, and rectified Oyl of white Amber do the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="3">3. I u&s;e to apply the following Pla&s;ter with good &s;ucce&s;s to the region of the Heart and the Wri&s;ts; Take of the Crum of Wheat bread 1 ounce, Cinna|mon, Cloves, Mace each 2 drachms, <HI>Confectio Alker|nes</HI> 4 Scruples,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> with Ro&s;e water and a little Vinegar make a Pa&s;te, which &s;pread on a Cloth and apply it.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take leaf Gold, grind it an whole day very diligently with burnt Hartshorn: Then reverberate it in a Potter's Furnace, till it acquire a carnation colour. As it is a Medicine ea&s;ily prepared, &s;o in vertue it is very efficacious and is better than the mo&s;t laborious preparations of Gold.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Finkius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Common Salt is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy, if the Lips be rubbed a little with it, or if the Pati|ent chew it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> or the Palms of the Hands or Soles of the Feet be rubbed therewith.</P>
<P N="6">6. Balm &s;prinkled with &s;ome odoriferous Wine, heated between hot Tiles,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and applied to the Re|gion of the Heart, is very good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="17" TYPE="book">
<PB N="586" REF="259">
<HEAD><HI>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XVII.</HI> Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter <HI>T.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Tene&s;mus,</HI> or a continual de&s;ire of going to &s;tool, without voiding any thing con&s;iderable.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether we may purge? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Bleed? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The drying of the &V;lcers with Powders. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fa&s;ting is hurtful. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Care mu&s;t be taken to &s;trengthen the part. <HI>V.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. PUrging &s;eems hurtful, 1. Becau&s;e it hin|ders clean&s;ing and healing of the Ulcer. 2. Becau&s;e it makes the Ulceration wor&s;e, which is heated and irritated thereby. 3. Purgers &s;timulate Nature, whereby the Symptome of vain de&s;ire is made wor&s;e. But on the contrary, oftentimes we mu&s;t purge. 1. It often follows a Dy&s;entery, becau&s;e of &s;ome &s;harp corruption, or peccant Humours un|&s;ea&s;onably left behind: but here Purging is requi|&s;ite. 2. A <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> for the mo&s;t part happens to Phlegmatick Per&s;ons, becau&s;e thick and vi&s;cid Phlegm is gathered in the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum:</HI> but this mu&s;t be removed by Purging. But we mu&s;t take notice that Purging is twofold, one Cathartick and another Lenitive, of which this latter is often re|quired, becau&s;e it evacuates not from the whole, but only the peccant matter in the fir&s;t wayes. Then we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h between the cau&s;es of the <HI>Tene&s;mus,</HI> which are often &s;uch that they &s;tand in no need of lenitive evacuation. I an&s;wer to Argu|ment 1 of the negative part, that it holds true of &s;trong Catharticks which we do not allow. To the 2. That although the Ulcer be irritated by leni|tives, yet the Di&s;ea&s;e is not made wor&s;e, &s;eeing the cau&s;e of that vain &s;training is removed by them. To 3. that Nature is &s;timulated by Purgatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius, <HI>qua&s;t.</HI> 6. <HI>dec.</HI> 6.</NOTE> yet not by vain motions, but to the end, what things are noxious, may be voided.</P>
<P N="2">II. Seeing a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> is an affection with ten&s;ion, weight, and &s;harp pain, wherewith the lower part of the Belly is annoyed, all which things depend upon the &s;having of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> we mu&s;t op|po&s;e it, fir&s;t upon account of the matter which falls upon it, according to univer&s;al precepts, among which Bleeding fir&s;t occurrs, which mu&s;t not be o|mitted: for the medical Intentions in this Di&s;ea&s;e are, to remove plenitude, to cool the Liver, abate the pain of the Guts, to &s;top or prevent their In|flammation, to cure the Ulcer, and,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laelius &agrave; Fonte.</NOTE> if there be oc|ca&s;ion, to take off the Fever and other Symptomes. All which Bleeding does.</P>
<P N="3">III. When the Ulcer is clean&s;ed, it mu&s;t be heal|ed. Among Suppo&s;itories, all that are made of Metallicks are good, as Ceru&s;s, Tutty, Litharge, <HI>Bolus Armenus, Terra Lemnia</HI> and Dragons Blood. But I had rather have the&s;e Powders blown in by a Servant with a Pipe, or with a pair of &s;mall bel|lows: For &s;ince the true Cure of the Ulcer is the drying of it, I have ob&s;erved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it is ea&s;ilier procured by Powders than by moi&s;ter Medicines.</P>
<P N="4">IV. We may ob&s;erve from <HI>Hippocrates lib. de Affecti|onibus,</HI> that this Di&s;ea&s;e can ill endure hunger, it may be becau&s;e where there is meat, the Guts are le&s;s raked. Yet this mu&s;t be rightly under&s;tood &s;o as that crudities and muco&s;ities may not be encrea&s;ed by too much meat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If the Patient overcome all the Symptomes of a Dy&s;entery, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be protracted a long time, at length all the Guts &s;eem to be affect|ed in their order downwards, till the Di&s;ea&s;e be thru&s;t down into the <HI>inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> and end in a <HI>Tene&s;mus:</HI> Upon which, far otherwi&s;e than in the Dy&s;entery, when the Stools cau&s;e a mo&s;t violent pain in the Guts, that is, the Excrements as they come down, grate upon the tender Guts, at this time the mucous &s;tools are only trouble&s;ome to the lower Guts, namely the <HI>rectum,</HI> for then the matter is only made in it, and voided from it. And if &s;o, then in my opinion it will be to no purpo&s;e to en|deavour a cure by ab&s;ter&s;ive, glutinating and a&s;trin|gent Cly&s;ters, according to the different times of the Ulcer, as is &s;uppo&s;ed; or by Fomentation, In|&s;e&s;&s;ion,
<PB N="587" REF="259"> Fumes and Suppo&s;itories, which re&s;pect the &s;ame end. For it is evident, this proceeds not from an Ulcer in the <HI>inte&s;tinum rectum,</HI> but rather becau&s;e the Guts, as they recover &s;trength by degrees, by the &s;ame degrees they thru&s;t down the reliques of the Morbifick matter into the <HI>rectum;</HI> which being ince&s;&s;antly irritated every day, &s;crapes off that mucous matter, with which, by Nature's provi|dence, the Guts are lined. Therefore the part af|fected &s;hould be &s;trengthned, to the end it may, after the manner of the other Guts utterly di&s;|charge the reliques of the Illne&s;s, which now are upon yielding. And this can be done only by &s;uch things, as are apt to give &s;trength to the Body: For a Topical Medicine, whatever it is, applied to the grieved part, becau&s;e it is a thing aliene, will weak|en more by its trouble&s;ome Touch than it can &s;trengthen. The Sick therefore mu&s;t have patience, till by a re&s;torative diet, and &s;ome Cordial Liquor he can gain &s;trength, as which returns, this Symp|tome of a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> will at the &s;ame pace go away of it &s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is my mo&s;t approved Remedy for a <HI>Tene&s;|mus;</HI> It is a drachm or two of Syrup of Buck-thorn in Cinnamon water. The Patient is certainly cu|red in one day; now the Body is purged without trouble, and when the &s;erous Humours are voided, the Patient is perfectly cured with this Remedy alone.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Baricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Some take Ceru&s;s, and Litharge well &s;teeped in water, and mix them well with the yelk of an Egg and Ro&s;ewater in a Mortar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> and apply it with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="3">3. This Fume cures the <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> to a miracle; Take of Ma&s;tich 1 drachm, Frankincen&s;e 1 &s;cruple, Myrtle Seed 1 drachm and an half, red Ro&s;e flow|ers 2 drachms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> Make a powder for a Fume.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is an admirable Cly&s;ter; Mutton broth with about a drachm of Oyl of Wax dropt into it. &para; A few drops of oyl of Ma&s;tich given inwardly in Plantain water cures a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> pre&s;ently.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Take an old Brick, black with Smoke, break and powder it, put it into white Wine Vinegar, wrap it in a Cloth and apply it.</P>
<P N="6">6. You will find admirable efficacy in the&s;e Pills in a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> with a quotidian Ague; Take of Par|&s;ly, Ani&s;e each 3 drachms and an half, Seed of white Henbane 2 drachms, of Par&s;ly 2 drachms. Pound them together,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guilh. Va|rignana.</NOTE> and make Pills of them with Wine. The Do&s;e 5 grains with Rob of Myrtle and wa|ter.</P>
<P N="7">7. To take away the pain of a <HI>Tene&s;mus;</HI> Fill two Bags full of powder of Brim&s;tone, Boil them in Vi|negar and let the Patient &s;it fir&s;t upon one, then on another,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Villanova|nus.</NOTE> as hot as he can endure; it pre&s;ently takes away the pain. It is experienced.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ton&s;illarum Affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Ton|&s;ills, or Almonds of the Ears.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Swelling of them cured by Scarification. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are inflamed, gargari&s;ms mu&s;t be warm. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the cutting them off, when hard, be Safe? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Porous Coat, when they are &s;welled, &s;hows like an &V;l|cer. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;pon the abu&s;e of repelling Gargari&s;ms, the Swelling grew in|to a &s;tony hardne&s;s. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether, when they are inflamed, Repellents may be applied outwardly? <HI>VI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. A Certain Knight had his Ton&s;ills &s;welled from I know not what defluxion: which had been &s;o &s;welled for 2 years, that the &s;welling could not be got away by internal or external Medicines, no not by I&s;&s;ues. But they were immediately got a|way, when I had once &s;carified them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. When the Ton&s;ils are inflamed, we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve with <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Paulus,</HI> that Gargari&s;ms mu&s;t be given rather warm than cold, or very hot, for any thing actually cold is bad for an Inflammation and inflamed parts: And if they fir&s;t wa&s;hed their Mouth with warm water, it would be better,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphan. Ferdina<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dus.</NOTE> according to <HI>Avicenna,</HI> for &s;o the Gargari&s;ms would &s;ooner penetrate.</P>
<P N="3">III. I have often admired with my &s;elf the bold|ne&s;s of the Ancient Phy&s;icians, who, when the Ton|&s;ils were hardened after Inflammation, took hold of them with an hook, and cut them off with a Knife, as <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 12. te&s;tifies. For thus I thought with my &s;elf, &s;ure it is not &s;afe to cut off the&s;e parts, which are of great nece&s;&s;ity in the Body, and all over interwoven with Nerves and branches of the Carotid Artery. And which is more, I find <HI>Aquapendent</HI> at the &s;ame &s;tand with me. But <HI>M. A. Severinus Pyrotech. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 64. has given light to this doubt, who writes thus. <HI>The Ton&s;ils u&s;ually grow out with foul eminences, being bred of a vi&s;cous and tough Hu|mour, either from the French Pox, or &s;ome Rheum, as</HI> Ma|ri&s;cae (or Piles) <HI>do.</HI> Although I have not yet &s;een this ca&s;e, yet for the &s;ake of the younger I thought good to note, that the Tongue mu&s;t be held down, the Ton&s;ils taken hold on with an Hook,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne.</NOTE> and then cut off with a knife crooked backwards, and &s;ome|times they mu&s;t be &s;eared with a hot Iron.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In&s;pection of the Ton&s;ils finds an Ulcer. In which notwith&s;tanding we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, as <HI>Fallopius</HI> advi&s;es, that the Ton&s;ils contrary to the nature of other Glands, have a Nervous Coat, pervious with many and large Holes, which, while they are Swel|led, gaping wider, ea&s;ily impo&s;e on the ignorant,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joubertus.</NOTE> who take them for little Ulcers; but as &s;oon as the &s;wollen Glands fall, the&s;e Ulcers di&s;appear.</P>
<P N="5">V. One could &s;carce either breath or &s;wallow becau&s;e of the &s;welling of his Ton&s;ils: after he had long u&s;ed drying and repelling Gargari&s;ms, the thinner part of the Humour being dried up, the re&s;t grew into a Stone. And when the Mu&s;cles of his <HI>Larynx</HI> grew every day &s;tiffer than other, and his breathing more difficult, he called me, I order|ed him to wa&s;h his Mouth with a Decoction of Mar&s;h-mallows, Figs and Mallows: and after wa&s;h|ing his Mouth I pre&s;cribed him to lick clarified Honey, fre&s;h Butter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Je&s;&s;enius &agrave; Je&s;&s;en. <HI>apud</HI> Schenckium.</NOTE> and powder of Florentine Orrice mixt together, wherewith the Tumour being &s;oftned, he voided a Stone, then he could breath free|ly, and when the Ulcer was cured, he recovered.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Almo&s;t all Practitioners, when the Ton&s;ils are inflamed, apply repellents inwardly, yet <HI>Ronde|letius</HI> di&s;&s;ents from them, and the common cu&s;tome, who <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. will not only have a&s;tringents ap|plied inwardly, and mollifiers outwardly, but a&s;tringents both inwardly and outwardly: For when the Parts are lax, he thinks they mu&s;t not be made more lax, while the matter is in fluxion, but only when the fluxion is &s;topt, that the matter may be drawn outwards: But in the beginning he applies a&s;tringents outwardly to the &s;ides of the Artery under the nether Jaw, which, he writes, he tried in him&s;elf, and hindred a Quin&s;y and a deflu|xion to the Throat, and cured many, as they were beginning with the Kings-Evil. But here great caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed, and we mu&s;t &s;ee what &s;tore of affluent matter there is, for if the Body be as yet full, and the afflux great, I would per&s;wade no man
<PB N="588" REF="260"> to apply repellents outwardly, &s;ince it may ea&s;ily happen that the Matter being repelled inward, may rai&s;e a dangerous Quin&s;y; and the Matter may always with greater &s;afety be carried outward|ly than inwardly.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nertus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. When one was ill of a &s;mall Inflammation of his Ton&s;ills without a Fever, I Cured him with this one Gargari&s;m; Take of Plantain water 1 pound and an half, red ro&s;e Flower 1 pugil, Quince Seeds 1 drachm. Boyl them a little and &s;train them. Add of <HI>diamoron</HI> 2 drachms, <HI>dianucum</HI> half a drachm, Mix them. Make a Gargari&s;m. &para; In malignant and cru&s;ty Ulcers, when the Body is purged, A&s;hes of Swallows mixt with Honey is very good, and I have often u&s;ed a Pla&s;ter of Swallows ne&s;ts with good &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. A Decoction of Vervain ea&s;ily cures the Ulcers of the Ton&s;ils.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. According to <HI>Borellus, terra &s;igillata</HI> if applied, or a little of it &s;wallowed by degrees in Broth is very good for an Inflammation of the Ton&s;ils.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. This is an approved Liniment in malignant Ul|cers of the Ton&s;ils, if the a&s;hes of le&s;&s;er Centaury and powder of <HI>Album Graecum</HI> be mixt up with Honey to a con&s;i&s;tency.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. We take a Viper's Head and hang it about the Neck in a Scarlet thread,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chri&s;t. &agrave; Ve|ga.</NOTE> &s;o as that it may touch the Patient's Fle&s;h, and we have found it do won|derful good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Tremor,</HI> or &s;haking.</HEAD>
<P>(See <HI>Paraly&s;is</HI> Book XIV.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Tumores praeternaturales,</HI> or Praeternatural Tumors. (See <HI>Ab&s;ce&s;&s;us</HI> Book I. and <HI>Inflammatio</HI> Book IX.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Critical ones mu&s;t not be repelled. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Bilious ones &s;ometimes Suppurators do harm. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Cold ones &s;ometimes Ve&s;icatories are good. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oedematous ones &s;ometimes mu&s;t not be medled with. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of in&s;uppurable Tumors by Scarification. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their la&s;t Remedy. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may repell? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Soft ones upon the Skull or Loins mu&s;t be treated with Cau|tion. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t be very cautious in &s;oftning a <HI>Scirrhus. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Virtue of A&s;&s;es Milk. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All mu&s;t not be cured in the &s;ame manner. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All hard Tumors mu&s;t not be reckoned <HI>Schirri. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Schirrous Tumor cured by correcting the <HI>Caries</HI> underneath it. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of curing Coated Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about a <HI>Meliceris. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>About a <HI>Steatoma. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>About an <HI>Atheroma. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Coat is taken out, whether the Wound mu&s;t be &s;ow|ed up? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The true Generation and Cure of a <HI>Sarcoma. XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Meliceris</HI> di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with Medicines. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Lupia</HI> cured by hard rubbing. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coated Tumors mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly cut out. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The taking away of <HI>Nattae</HI> not alwayes nece&s;&s;ary and &s;afe. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Te&s;tudo</HI> or <HI>Talpa,</HI> if it be accompanied with a great cor|ruption of the Skull, whether the Cure may be undertaken? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A large <HI>Ganglium</HI> taken from the Groin. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fungi</HI> mu&s;t not alwayes be cured the &s;ame way. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a watry Swelling in the Forehead. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Swelling in the Cheek. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;welling of the Paps cured by applying Hemlock. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Swellings of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> in the <HI>omentum,</HI> Me&s;entery, <HI>&amp;c. XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Swellings in the Armpits mu&s;t be cut out with great Care. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Swelling in the Groin from one Te&s;ticle inclo&s;ed there, &s;howing as if it had been another &s;ort of Tumor. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Swelling in the Knees, how to be Cured? <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Prudence mu&s;t be u&s;ed in their Scarification. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Swellings about the Joynts require a continued u&s;e of Medicines. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of &s;wellings in the Joynts. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Callous Node. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Phlegmonous Tumor of the Leg removed by opening the Veins by the Knees. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of turgid Veins, near &s;wollen Parts. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;welling in the Foot cured by making an I&s;&s;ue above the Knee. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Corns in the Feet. <HI>XLI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Saw an imperfect <HI>cri&s;is</HI> in <HI>M. N.</HI> who had been Sick for a Month of a grievous continual Ter|tian, he was at length taken with a painful Swelling from his left Foot to his Knee. He in the ab&s;ence of his Phy&s;ician, did at the very fir&s;t apply a repelling Oyntment, and a Catapla&s;m of the Lin&s;eed that remained after the Oyl was drawn, by which means he di&s;turbed Nature in her expul&s;ion, &s;o that the peccant Humor being afterwards very much impacted, could &s;carce be di&s;per&s;ed with &s;eve|ral Medicines in 6 Months time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;tius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Here their Error is confuted, who when the &s;trength is good, do apply to cholerick Tumors &s;uppuraters of Milk, Flower and the like, whereby the Pores are &s;topt, and &s;harp Vapors are kept in, and when they are pent up, become &s;o fierce, that they begin either to erode the Part hurt, or de|&s;troy it, and breed a Gangrene.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Varandaeus</HI> u&s;ed with &s;ucce&s;s our <HI>Empla&s;trum Ve&s;i|catorium,</HI> which is made in the &s;hops, alone and un|mixt with any thing el&s;e, and he cured a great and contumacious Tumor in the Knee, when other Phy&s;icians had u&s;ed Purging, and a &s;weating Diet and many Applications to no purpo&s;e. <HI>Sennertus</HI> u|&s;es the &s;ame, but mixt with Anodynes in a long and contumacious Pain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if it ari&s;e from cold Matter.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Feet and Legs &s;ometimes &s;well with an oedematous Tumor. I think the cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to the &s;trength of the expul|&s;ive faculty in the Bowels and habit of the whole Bo|dy, which thru&s;ts down the redundant, pituitous and &s;erous Excrements, which tend downwards of them&s;elves, to the Legs and Feet, as to the lower and weaker Parts. For I know by Rea&s;on and daily Experience, the Feet and Legs &s;ometimes &s;well, when the Liver ails nothing, for the &s;aid rea|&s;on: Be&s;ides, by &s;imple conge&s;tion, without any fluxion, both the Feet, and Legs, and other Parts, may ri&s;e in divers Swellings, e&s;pecially cold ones. In &s;uch &s;wellings of the Legs, that have been much and long &s;welled, Inci&s;ions and Scarifications, Si|napi&s;ms and Ve&s;icatories are much &s;u&s;pected; &s;eeing the Heat can never be &s;trong in Legs &s;o af|fected; and when a great Inci&s;ion is made, it ex|hales the fa&s;ter, together with the lo&s;s of Water
<PB N="589" REF="260"> and Spirits. Moreover with this extraneous hu|midity, a notable drine&s;s is cau&s;ed for want of nouri&s;hment. The pain of the inflicted Wounds, the effect of &s;olution of unity and increa&s;e of drin&s;es cau&s;es Inflammation, and this a Gangrene, which is followed by a <HI>Sphacelus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Zec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hiu s.</NOTE> while the weak Heat peri|&s;hes.</P>
<P N="5">V. Tumors are gatherings, which only &s;well without Suppuration; but Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es are &s;uppura|ted Tumors, or Suppurations. In Tumors, except they incline to a Gangrene, the Phy&s;icians of our time are not accu&s;tomed to u&s;e the In&s;trument and Knife: for the&s;e timorous People do not dream of taking away Blood, becau&s;e, what a madne&s;s were it to put a Man to Pain, or to increa&s;e the Inflam|mation and mi&s;chief? Yet we notwith&s;tanding, being both &s;o taught by the Ancients, and confirmed by our experience in Practice, have made bold to cup and &s;carify &s;everal, and upon the Tumors very much. We rely upon the Authority of our Dic|tator <HI>lib de &V;lcer. But if not,</HI> &s;aith he, <HI>we mu&s;t pierce the Tumors with more deep and frequent Wounds, than in other Ca&s;es; and this mu&s;t be done with very &s;harp and &s;mall In&s;truments.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> And <HI>lib.</HI> 7. <HI>Epid. We mu&s;t pierce Kibes,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Such Oedomatous Tumors, if they be not di&s;cu&s;&s;ed with Medicines, require the la&s;t Remedy, propo&s;ed by <HI>Ben. Faventinus,</HI> To cauterize &s;uch Members with an actual Cautery in &s;everal Places: for not only the watrine&s;s will be drawn out by it, but the exonerated Members will be &s;trengthned &s;o as to be able co concoct their nutriment, and ex|pell what is &s;uperfluous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Topicks in the beginning of an <HI>Oedoma</HI> mu&s;t moderately repell: for &s;eeing the Humor that cau&s;es an <HI>Oedema,</HI> is u&s;ually thick, it would be too much &s;ettled there by &s;trong repellents, for it would not ea&s;ily go back, although the <HI>Serum</HI> of the Blood be mixt with it u&s;ually, as its vehicle. But here we &s;peak of a true <HI>oedema,</HI> bred of &s;upervaca|neous natural Phlegm (not of one that is cau&s;ed by a pituitous and cruder &s;ort of Blood.) in which we u&s;e Repellents in the beginning, rather to &s;trengthen the Part than repell the Humor, with which al&s;o we mix di&s;cutients; as when in &s;trong Bodies we apply Oxycrate of 2 Parts Vinegar and 1 Water, wetting in it either a new Sponge, or one prepared with Nitre or &s;ome fort of Salt: for Vinegar not only repells by its coldne&s;s, but by its drine&s;s, incides, attenuates, and di&s;&s;olves; al&s;o a new Sponge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> or one prepared, di&s;&s;olves.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Child was born with a great &s;welling up|on its Loins, which when it was opened, much Water run out, and the Life with it; and when this was gone, we &s;aw the ragged <HI>Vertebrae</HI> and Nerves of the Spine di&s;per&s;ed through the &s;welling. Let Surgeons take notice of this danger, which has been ob&s;erved in the Loins, as al&s;o to avoid the &s;ame in that &s;oft Tumor which ari&s;es &s;ometimes up|on the dilated &s;utures of the Skull, into which when a Knife is directed, it may ea&s;ily hurt the Brain, lying that way. In &s;o dubious a tumor have re|cour&s;e rather to di&s;cutient Pla&s;ters than to the ope|ning of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pius <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 29.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. In hardned Parts, we mu&s;t con&s;ider whether they have only &s;ome of the 3 &s;orts of hardne&s;s, or whether they have &s;ome &s;harp thin and corroding, Ichorous defluxion mixt withal, upon which ac|count the Schirrous hardne&s;s degenerates into an Ulcer. For this purpo&s;e indeed &s;uch things &s;erve as do &s;often, but with Minerals mixt with them, or Oyl of Mandrakes, by rea&s;on whereof &s;harp humidities are qualified, and dried up by de|grees and &s;lowly. In which al&s;o we mu&s;t have a care of &s;uch things as &s;often very much, or of Me|dicines of thin Parts, for they by their heat and tenuity do ea&s;ily enrage the Ichorous matter, and make it degenerate into an Ulcer, which af|terwards has not been known to give way to any Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. A&s;&s;es Milk is good to &s;often any harp Swelling, which is &s;o far from ob&s;tructing, that by <HI>Aetius</HI> it is rather accounted a mo&s;t pre&s;ent Remedy to dry up Ob&s;tructions, and by <HI>Avicenna</HI> and all that are skilled in the Art. For it has not much ca&s;eous or butyrous &s;ub&s;tance in it, but by that little fatty and unctuous &s;ub&s;tance it &s;ticks, by the Serous it pene|trates,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> and &s;o by &s;oftning it overcomes dry and pertinacious Ob&s;tructions.</P>
<P N="11">XI. If the <HI>Scirrhus</HI> have its ri&s;e from a melancho|lick Humor, it mu&s;t be more cautiou&s;ly treated, then if from Phlegm, le&s;t it turn to a Can|ker: and e&s;pecially if it incline to Suppuration. Have a care,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> it be not irritated with hot Medi|cines.</P>
<P N="12">XII. A long time is required to the breeding of a <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> therefore if the Di&s;ea&s;e (with hard|ne&s;s) be new, it &s;carce de&s;erves to be reckoned among &s;chirrous Tumors. I often meet with round Tumors, hard to the Touch, and without Pain, in which I find nothing be&s;ides Water, which is con|tained in a very hard Membrane. I cut one of the&s;e Tumors this Month out of the Belly of a Girl of 9 years old, who recovered. Tumors al&s;o ari&s;e from pituitous Humors, which neverthele&s;s are hard to the Touch. I lately cured a Tumor in a Matron's left Wri&s;t which came from a Contu&s;ion, which was &s;o hard, that it was reckoned by all an exqui&s;ite <HI>Scirrhus:</HI> When the Tumor was opened, I took out of it an Humor like the Fat of Bacon, which expo&s;ed 24 hours to the Air turned into little Stones. I afterwards took out a very hard Membrane. And in &s;uch Tumors the Membrane is extended by the Humor, ju&s;t like a blown Bladder, which is hard to the touch,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> though there be nothing in it but Wind.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. A Matron about 40 years old, had a violent Pain in hr eleft Side, with a lingring Fever, and extenuation of her whole Body. I felt it, and laid open a &s;uppurated Tumor with a large Inci&s;i|on cro&s;s-wayes, out of which I took two Bladders of very unequal and foetid <HI>Pus;</HI> when this was e|vacuated, I found the ends of three Ribs very ca|rious, about 3 Inches whereof I was forced to eat away by applying an actual Cautery to the ends of them. Provident Nature had guarded the <HI>Pleura</HI> with much fle&s;h under the <HI>Caries.</HI> The Matron was recovered with a re&s;torative Diet and Milk. &para; <HI>M. N.</HI> was troubled with a &s;cirrhous Tu|mor for a long time in his left &s;ide, above the 5^t^h^. and 6^t^h^. true Ribs, upon the 6^t^h the Swelling was opened with an actual Cautery, out of which a lit|tle <HI>Pus</HI> ran, a grievous Pain remaining. I ob&s;erved the Ulcer was as broad as my Hand and the Ribs under|neath it were foul, more than half through. Uni|ver&s;als premi&s;ed, I cut 4 Inches off the ends of the Ribs, having applied an actual Cautery behind their ends: At length I procured exfoliation of the burnt Parts by catagmatick Powders, and I cicatri|zed the Ulcer with ab&s;ter&s;ive and incarnating Me|dicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ozias Ay|mar. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Becau&s;e a <HI>Meliceris,</HI> one &s;ort of coated Ab|&s;ce&s;s, requires a cure by di&s;cutients, and an <HI>Athe|roma,</HI> another &s;ort, by Septicks, I will &s;peak of the choice of them. As to a <HI>Meliceris,</HI> the cure by Medi|cines is found in Practice to be difficult and deceit|ful. Neverthele&s;s becau&s;e the due cure of a Tu|mor in the beginning is alwayes de&s;irable, and propo&s;ed by mo&s;t Authors, we mu&s;t con&s;ult fir&s;t the de&s;criptions propo&s;ed by <HI>Galen.</HI> 6. K. T. <HI>cap.</HI> 14. and then <HI>Aetius</HI> and <HI>Paulus. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 34. <HI>Langius l.</HI> 3. <HI>E|pi&s;t.</HI> and <HI>Euonymus Philiatrus.</HI> As to the Chirurgical part <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> has committed it to Writing <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 6. But here I will add &s;ome u&s;eful Ways and Ob&s;erva|tions. Fir&s;t of all, &s;uch coated Abce&s;&s;es as, when they are handled, are moveable every way under the Skin, them we may undertake to cure with confidence: But into others, which &s;tick fa&s;t, red hot Irons may &s;afely be run into them, when they
<PB N="590" REF="261"> are opened, and the matter that fills them, got out; which is the fitte&s;t to bedone, when there are &s;igns, that all the Strings by which the Ab&s;ce&s;s &s;ticks, are not pluckt up, and there is danger either that the Blood will run out or Corruption breed. And the Cauteries requi&s;ite for cutting mu&s;t be &s;harp|er than ordinary. <HI>Aquapendent</HI> requires a <HI>Smilion,</HI> or recurve Penknife. After this, having all things in order which are requi&s;ite and of u&s;e, have a Sponge at hand, with which the trouble&s;ome Blood may be wiped away as it runs out in cutting, and you mu&s;t exactly mark with Ink the Site, Mag|nitude, and Figure of the nece&s;&s;ary Di&s;&s;ection: which Section mu&s;t be extended, as far as the Tu|mor reaches, or a little within it: for &s;o the Fi|bres may more commodiou&s;ly be drawn out, and the Coat taken hold of, and the Belly of it clean&s;ed; then you mu&s;t &s;lant your Knife and endeavour di&s;|ci&s;ion with an oblique Hand, and &s;o &s;lay off the Skin that you wound not the Bladder. When inci&s;ion is made, <HI>Cornelius</HI> advi&s;es to part the Coat with the handle of the Knife from the Skin and Fle&s;h, and to ca&s;t it away with what is in it. But never|thele&s;s I find, that they &s;tick firmer, than to be parted by any blunt thing, wherefore it mu&s;t be cut with the edge of the Knife run under the Coat, and mu&s;t all be taken out; or, if the Patient will not &s;uffer this, it mu&s;t be eaten with cau&s;tick Medicines, which often puts the Phy&s;ician to a great deal of trouble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. A <HI>Meliceris,</HI> which ri&s;es a little above the Wri&s;t, does often &s;o impo&s;e on them that have never &s;een the Matter, that the Phy&s;icians believe it to be a Scirrhous &s;welling or a <HI>Ganglium,</HI> and &s;o are affraid to cut it. But neverthele&s;s we mu&s;t know, that this hardne&s;s comes from a di&s;ten&s;ion of &s;ome copious Humor, like the white of an Egg, or rather like white Honey. You mu&s;t not therefore handle this every way moveable Tumor too confidently, if you will hear me, you mu&s;t open it with a Lancet, or a prick of the Sea Par&s;nep, which the timorous are le&s;s afraid of. This ob&s;ervation was made good in my &s;elf: for I cut one of the&s;e that grew on my <HI>Metacarpus.</HI> One had a Swelling began to ri&s;e in his left Hand, which although &s;ome took for a &s;ort of <HI>Ganglium,</HI> yet when I prickt it, a pellucid Phlegm that came out &s;howed it to be a <HI>Meliceris.</HI> A <HI>Meliceris,</HI> that grows above the Wri&s;t has no Blad|der about it, as far I could ob&s;erve in &s;everal, wherefore you need make no large Section for it; nor when it is cut need you be &s;ollicitous to get out any Bladder, which Cure &s;ome through mi&s;take have in&s;i&s;ted on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. When you have cut out a <HI>Steatoma,</HI> re|member to take care of &s;ome Intemperature, e&s;peci|ally if it be a large one, left in the Part. And it mu&s;t be the Care of him that cures, to cheri&s;h the &s;ame with Medicines amicable to Nature. And when you find &s;ome Fibres remaining behind, it is the be&s;t way to apply a Cau&s;tick or a little Fire to it. And this indeed is the Cure, if the <HI>Steatoma</HI> have a broad <HI>ba&s;is,</HI> for if it hang by one little foot &s;talk, it is &s;ufficient to cut it out by the Root. <HI>Fallopius</HI> is content with Corro&s;ives. And we mu&s;t not neg|lect that of <HI>Aetius,</HI> which is ob&s;erved in the Kings-E|vil, if the <HI>Steatoma</HI> be fa&s;tned above, it mu&s;t be cut round with a Pen-knife, and parted underneath with the Fingers; if it be in&s;erted in the Am|bit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it mu&s;t be cut underneath.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. But in all kinds of <HI>Atheromata</HI> this among other things mu&s;t e&s;pecially be taken notice of, which has been ob&s;erved only by me, as I often handle them, that when the Coat of the Ab&s;ce&s;s is amply laid open, it mu&s;t not always be all par|ted from the Skin, intire with the Stuff inclo&s;ed in it, for the pulling of it out would be painfull, and &s;carce tolerable by all People. It is &s;ufficient to lay open the Skin a good way, e&s;pecially cro&s;s-wi&s;e, and to cut as much of the Membrane away as you can with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ers or a Knife: But then you mu&s;t take away &s;ome of it with Medicines, I do not &s;ay Cau&s;ticks, but Dige&s;tives and Eroders. I fir&s;t found this in a young Man, who had had an <HI>Atheroma</HI> upon the <HI>cartilago en&s;iformis</HI> for above &s;ix Months, in which no cutting away was made, but the Bladder when it was opened wide, rotted, and was got out partly by Ab&s;ter&s;ives, partly by Ca|thereticks. But then the Bladder mu&s;t not be thick and cartilagineous. Therefore he mu&s;t be a prudent and an experienced Phy&s;ician, who can per&s;picaciou&s;ly di&s;tingui&s;h in all. There was a|nother thing I ob&s;erved in this Young Man, that this Tubercle cut out about his Brea&s;t, cau&s;ed &s;ome di&s;tention in the Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t; Wherefore you mu&s;t be careful to make lax the Mu&s;cles continually, by applying Medicines to them and to the Armpits and Groin. Another thing mu&s;t be ob&s;erved from <HI>Aetius,</HI> that when the Pelli|cle is taken away, if the Lips be over lax, the redundant Skin mu&s;t be cut off, and then the Lips mu&s;t be &s;owed together. And this moreover is worth notice from the &s;ame, that if &s;uch a Swel|ling be in the Head, we mu&s;t, after the Pellicle is taken away, cut the Bone about it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and careful|ly &s;crape the Skull.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Whether, when the Bladder is taken exactly out, a Suture &s;hould be made, &s;ince a blee|ding Wound requires conglutination, The de|termination is not &s;o ea&s;ie: for if you look upon the greatne&s;s, and would have a Suture in regard of it, the &s;mall gaping of the Wound is content only with conglutinating Things. If the <HI>Sinus</HI> be great, as much indeed as the largene&s;s of the Wound requires the help of conglutination, &s;o much al&s;o of difficulty and an Ambiguity it creates, le&s;t &s;ome hole &s;hould be left under the old habit of the Skin, and a fal&s;e Ab&s;ce&s;s grow from the former &s;ub|&s;trate Matter, and &s;o the co&auml;lition be in vain. Therefore it is requi&s;ite to cut away the proud Fle&s;h and the Skin fir&s;t, and then &s;ow it. But of|ten when Men are thus treated they will not, being tired out with Pain, allow this; but Suture might be u&s;ed, would they allow it. <HI>Aetius</HI> has left it to our choice whether we will &s;ow or no, who &s;ayes, When the Operation is fini&s;hed, the Lips may be &s;owed, that they may the better be gluti|nated, or Liniments may be put deep in, and the Cure may be u&s;ed for generation of <HI>Pus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. The true generation of a <HI>Sarcoma</HI> in my O|pinion is this, the Mouths of the Arteries that &s;erve for nutrition of the Mu&s;cles are &s;ometimes opener than they &s;hould be, either by &s;ome fall or blow, or by &s;ome internal Cau&s;e, e&s;pecially in ple|thorick Bodies and in Parts unduly moved. The innate Heat converts the extrava&s;ated Blood into Fle&s;h, and when the Part al&s;o &s;tands not in need of &s;o much nutriment, hence it is, that it grows to a preternatural bigne&s;s; here, if the Blood be im|pure, Bile produces pain, phlegm vi&s;cidity, melan|choly a cartilaginous Hardne&s;s, and it is by rea&s;on of the&s;e Humors, that this preternatual Fle&s;h is Yel|low, White or Livid. It is &s;eldome inclo&s;ed in a Coat of its own, unle&s;s it con&s;i&s;t for the mo&s;t part of Phlegm, and &s;uch a Tumor comes mo&s;t in the Neck. The Veins al&s;o encrea&s;e according to the encrea&s;e of the Tumor, &s;o that they may be felt under the Skin as thick as ones Thumb. It is not malignant in it &s;elf, but &s;ometimes a bad Cure makes it &s;o: Here the Air does a great deal of harm, when the Swelling is expo&s;ed to it. It com|monly refu&s;es the be&s;t Medicines, and in &s;pite of them the Swelling increa&s;es more and more: And you will rarely Cure it, except you take it away with a Thread or a Knife, or with both. In the beginning the Cure mu&s;t be tried with &s;trong A&s;tringent and repellent Medicines: gentle bin|dings are al&s;o u&s;ed, after the application of a Plate of Lead, or <HI>Empl. Diachalciteos, de ranis cum Mercu|rio,</HI>
<PB N="591" REF="261"> or the following; Take of rinde of Pomegra|nate, root of Bi&s;tort each 1 drachm, dro&s;s of Iron, Quick-&s;ilver, burnt Lead each 2 drachms, Bole Armenick, Blood&s;tone each 1 drachm and an half, Turpentine and Wax what is &s;ufficient. Mix them, make a Plai&s;ter according to Art. In the mean time Purging, Bleeding, Scarification, applying of Leeches mu&s;t not be neglected in their places; Sweating al&s;o, Watching and Fa&s;ting are very good. But if the Swelling refu&s;e all the&s;e Medi|cines, and grow bigger every day, Suppurators may be applied. If the&s;e Medicines for &s;everal dayes do no good, and the Swelling continue in the &s;ame &s;tate, an actual Cautery mu&s;t be ap|plied: And let not the perver&s;e Cen&s;ures of fal&s;e Surgeons, and of them that are by, di&s;turb us, for by the u&s;e of it for a long time the increa&s;e of the Swelling will be &s;topt, yea and at la&s;t it will wholly be rooted out. But if contrary to expect|ation the Fle&s;h begin to bud out anew, the Surge|on mu&s;t not delay to attempt the perfect extir|pation of it with a Thread or a Knife. Here let a Thread that is &s;maller and &s;tronger be taken, let this be tied twice about the Neck of the Swelling, and having made a double knot, let the &s;traitning of it be repeated the &s;ame day, yea, and the dayes following, until it be deprived of its Heat, Feeling and Life, which will require 7 or 8 dayes time; then take it off with a crooked Knife, which may ea&s;ily be done, &s;ince neither great Pain nor Hae|morrhagy need be feared. The u&s;e of a Thread dipt in Mercury or Ar&s;enick-water ha&s;tens the mortifi|cation of this Tumor; but here a phlegmatick Body is required, for in others the Pain and Inflamma|tion &s;o afflict the Patient, that it is rare but within a &s;hort time this Thread mu&s;t be taken off. Yet the Surgeon may, for mitigation of the Symp|tomes and cooling, anoint that Part, which the Thread touches, with <HI>&V;nguentum album Camphoratum,</HI> Oyntment of Ro&s;es and the like by the help of a Feather. If you have a mind to u&s;e the Knife on|ly, you mu&s;t u&s;e your utmo&s;t endeavor to take all the Tumor away, otherwi&s;e you mu&s;t ab|&s;tain from the operation, unle&s;s you have very great hopes of con&s;uming the remainder by Me|dicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette</HI> Anat. Pract. cap. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> In the mean time let the Surgeon have a care, that he cut not the greater Ve&s;&s;els, and to &s;top the Bleeding.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>M. N.</HI> complained of a trouble&s;ome <HI>Meliceris</HI> in his right Shoulder, which, having fir&s;t prepared and purged his Body, I di&s;&s;olved by applying <HI>ceratum Dia&s;inapios</HI> de&s;cribed by <HI>Aquapendent cap. de Me|licer.</HI> and thus corrected by <HI>Spigelius;</HI> Take of Sal Gemm, litharge of Gold, Ceru&s;s each 4 oun|ces, Wax and Turpentine each 2 drachms, <HI>Galbanum, Opoponax</HI> each half an ounce, Mu&s;tard powdered 2 ounces, old Oyl 4 ounces, &s;trong Vinegar what is &s;ufficient, make a &s;oft Cerecloth according to Art. A Woman al&s;o tried the peculiar efficacy of this Cerecloth again&s;t a <HI>Meliceris,</HI> which grew in her right Knee, as big as a Goo&s;e Egg; &s;he applied this &s;ame Cerecloth, which perfectly di&s;per&s;ed the Swelling in a Month's time, and whatever was drawn thither the fir&s;t dayes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 6 6.</NOTE> through neglect of Univer&s;als.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. The Son of <HI>N.</HI> had a great <HI>Lupia</HI> (or hard Swelling) as big as a large Fi&s;t upon the <HI>Spina dor&s;i</HI> under the Shoulder blade, which was cured by this method. I ordered an In&s;trument to be made of A&s;h or Oak or &s;ome clo&s;er Wood, like that where|with all Painters grind their Colours on a Marble; and with this I rubbed and chafed the <HI>Lupia</HI> twice a day, half an hour at a time, then I applied an E|mollient and Suppurating Catapla&s;m very hot, and I continued it for 4 or 5 dayes, the <HI>Lupia</HI> &s;uppu|rated, and when it was open, liquid <HI>Pus</HI> ran out, and afterwards when the whole matter contained in the <HI>Lupia,</HI> was turned into <HI>Pus,</HI> it was evacuated, and the Ulcer cicatrized. The bag of the <HI>Lupia</HI> was broken with rubbing with the fore&s;aid wood|en In&s;trument, and the matter contained in it atten|uated and divided into Parts, &s;o that it might more ea&s;ily be concocted. In &s;tead of a Catapla&s;m,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Formius <HI>ad</HI> Riverium <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 25.</NOTE> a hot Loaf new drawn, cut into halves, may be applied to good purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Sometimes a Melligineous matter, as in a <HI>Meliceris,</HI> or a Pultaceous, as in an <HI>Atheroma,</HI> is contained within the Bladder. When any &s;uch thing comes to be cured, the Skin mu&s;t be lifted up, and cut either length wayes or cro&s;s-wayes (that is, when there is a great Tumor in &s;ome place not very obvious to the Eye) and it mu&s;t after|wards be every way &s;eparated, with a broad Probe, or the handle of the Penknife or with the fore-finger, till the whole Bladder appear, which mu&s;t then be cut off by the root, the Ve&s;&s;els being fir&s;t tied fa&s;t, that feed the Tumor. And we mu&s;t take notice, that the Surgeon &s;hould be very circum&s;pect in this Operation; for if the Bladder happen to be broke, not only the con|tained matter runs out, but, al&s;o certainly cau|&s;es a Relap&s;e, unle&s;s it be con&s;umed by Cathaere|ticks. Yet oftentimes the Tumor lies in &s;o &s;trait a place, and the Pellicle is &s;o thin, that it bur&s;ts upon the lea&s;t touch. In this ca&s;e it is <HI>Aquapendent</HI>'s Coun&s;el, that we endeavour to &s;eparate the new Bladder with broader In&s;truments,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne.</NOTE> before it knit it &s;elf firmly to the Skin again, for then we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Medicines.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Many <HI>Nattae</HI> ari&s;e in the fle&s;hy Parts, and &s;tick moveable and &s;oft to the Skin. I have not ob&s;erved them to &s;ubtract the aliment from the Parts, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that grow in the Head; Nor always to putrefy, but to &s;tick as long to the Parts, as Life la&s;ts. My Grandfather on my Mo|ther's &s;ide carried a globous, naked, &s;oft and mo|veable <HI>Natta</HI> above 60 years on his Head behind. He would once have it opened, <HI>Pus</HI> ran out. It re|turned a little after, and after that time he left it untoucht. &para; <HI>Greg. Hor&s;tius, l.</HI> 4. <HI>p.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 14. ob&s;er|ved a <HI>Natta</HI> &s;ucce&s;sfully taken out by the root be|low the nape of the Neck, but the Man's Sight grew &s;en&s;ibly duller, and every day wor&s;e than other, till he had al&s;o almo&s;t quite lo&s;t his Sight. If <HI>Nattae,</HI> when they are breaking out, be gently pincht with the Teeth they wither and go away by degrees. Which I ob&s;erved twice at <HI>Padua,</HI> once in a Noble Woman, who&s;e <HI>Natta,</HI> as it was coming out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bartho|linus. <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 40.</NOTE> a Neighbouring Woman pinched with her Teeth: Some tie it with a Thread and in|tercept the afflux of nutriment.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. If a <HI>Te&s;tudo</HI> be with the corruption of the Skull, <HI>Guido</HI> thinks we mu&s;t u&s;e a palliative Cure, But if the corruption be not great, the Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be cured as a fracture of the Skull, namely by Inci&s;ion, and Deter&s;ion with Honey of Ro&s;es, Turpentine, powder of Orrice, Myrrhe and Frankincen&s;e, the putrid Fle&s;h mu&s;t be con&s;umed with <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> or powder of Mercury, and the re&s;t mu&s;t be done, as in the Cure of Ulcers. If the Corruption of the Bone be great, you mu&s;t u&s;e the Progno&s;tick, except you will u&s;e a palli|ative Cure. I think the &s;ame mu&s;t be done in the Corruption of the Skull by the Venereal Di|&s;ea&s;e: For where the Corruption is great, the Patient may not be medled with. And let the Surgeon have a care, when he thinks the Cor|ruption is &s;mall, that it be not great, as once it was my ca&s;e; For when I attempted to take off the peri&s;hed Skull, which I thought was but lit|tle, all the <HI>os bregmatis</HI> came out at once, &s;o that a great part of the <HI>cra&s;&s;a meninx,</HI> and the mo|tion of the Brain, might very well be &s;een: yet the Patient, recovered, but after the Ulcer was cured and cicatrized, the motion of the Brain might then be ob&s;erved; Neverthele&s;s I would advi&s;e no Surgeon, to undertake the Cure of &s;o great Corruption, at his own peril. But if the corrup|tion
<PB N="592" REF="262"> be little, the Bone mu&s;t be taken out with a Trepan, or &s;craped, the Ulcer clean&s;ed and the Body fluxed, as in the Pox, yet there mu&s;t be a le&s;s quantity of Quick-&s;ilver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus. <HI>Enchir. p.</HI> 85.</NOTE> For a <HI>Talpa</HI> with the corruption of the Bone mu&s;t be cured, as the cor|ruption of the Bone in the Pox.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. A Nobleman had a <HI>Ganglium</HI> grew in his right Groin by little and little, as big as a Child's head. He advi&s;ed with Phy&s;icians and Surgeons, who tell him of the danger of Bleeding, of a Gan|grene, and Lamene&s;s. He cho&s;e rather to dye than endure it any longer, unfit for Arms or Wed|lock. The Lump was cut about in an Oval line from the Groin to the <HI>Scrotum:</HI> then at the Mem|brane a little of the Tumor was cut off; and by degrees the Skin, which was under the Swelling, was &s;eparated towards the root; the Veins and Arteries, as they were laid bare, were tied, for fear of an Haemorrhage. The Lump was pul|led out with its Coat, glandulous, white, without any Blood or Fle&s;h within, ea&s;ily &s;eparable from its root. As the Wound was healing, he had a Fe|ver, bitterne&s;s in his Mouth, filthy Matter, pain in the other Groin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE> but he was cured by a Purge.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. <HI>Fungi</HI> very often grow from the Mem|branes of the Brain, yet they grow al&s;o in divers other parts of the Body, becau&s;e of the va&s;t conflux of Humors from the whole Body, and that, through Natures great Providence, as <HI>Hil|danus, cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 19. &s;ayes. For &s;ince nothing is a greater Enemy to the Nerves, than the injury of the Air, e&s;pecially if it be cold, Nature, which is ever intent upon the con&s;ervation of the indivi|dual, covers the nervous and membranous Parts, when wounded and laid bare, with this &s;ort of Excre&s;cence, le&s;t the Nerves &s;hould be hurt by the Air, while the Wound is in curing. And their Cure mu&s;t be begun by drying, and fini&s;hed by E|ro&s;ion or Exci&s;ion. Drying Medicines in the be|ginning are &s;afer than Eroding or Septick ones: For the&s;e in Wounds of the head ha&s;ten death, and in Wounds of the Limbs cau&s;e Pain, Inflamma|tions, and other mo&s;t grievous Symptomes; And &s;eeing out of Nature's great beneficence this Ex|cre&s;cencie is produced for the Patient's good, it mu&s;t not be con&s;umed at the very beginning, till the Nerves and membranous Parts be &s;ufficiently covered with Fle&s;h, that they can no more be hurt by external injuries. When the Pain, Inflamma|tion and other Symptomes are abated, if the fungous Excre&s;cence fall not, it mu&s;t be depre&s;&s;ed by Dryers; of which rank are root of round Birthwort, Florentine Orrice, Angelica, leaves of Savine, Ro&s;emary, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> When the&s;e things have been applied for &s;ome dayes, if the <HI>Fungus</HI> a|bate not, but grow up in the Fle&s;h, it mu&s;t be cu|red by eating things, as burnt Allum, burnt Vi|triol, Mercury precipitate, &s;trewing on the Powder, and then applying a Catapla&s;m: Or a Ligature may be made, and it may be cut off either with a corro&s;ive Thread, or with a Knife: Which when done,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> the Powders of the &s;aid drying things may be &s;trewed on.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. One had for &s;ome Months a Swelling ri&s;ing upon the right &s;ide of his Forehead, with a broad <HI>ba&s;is,</HI> as big as a Hazle-Nut, of the &s;ame co|lour with the Skin, &s;oft, and as it were puft up; it grew of it &s;elf, when it was pre&s;&s;ed with the Finger, it gave way, and &s;uddenly ro&s;e into the &s;ame &s;hape again, without Pain, yet it was not ob|&s;erved to be moveable this way or the other, nor did it increa&s;e. And becau&s;e I thought it was one of tho&s;e Tumors, which are more ea&s;ily extir|pated with the Knife, than di&s;&s;olved by Medici|nes, I order the Skin to be cut obliquely with a &s;harp Penknife: As &s;oon as it was done, no Blood but a very little limpid Humor, like the vittreous one of the Eye, ran out: It fell upon the Patients right hand, and he affirmed it was very hot. Praecipitate was immediately put into the Wound, and other things put after, to hinder Inflammation, and when it was opened the next day, the Bladder was taken out, and the Wound was within a few dayes &s;o dextrou&s;ly hea|led, that there was not the lea&s;t &s;ign of a Scar left behind. Thus we may ea&s;ily prevent things in the beginning, which, if neglected till they grow old, will &s;carce give way at all to any Remedies: And no que&s;tion, but this Tumor,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Rhodius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 29.</NOTE> if it had been let alone, would have turn'd at length into a <HI>Meliceris</HI> or <HI>Steatoma,</HI> when the <HI>Mucus</HI> had grown thick by delay.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. If there be a &s;welling in the Cheek, let the Phy&s;ician have a care that it break not, for &s;o that Seat of Beauty might be deformed by a Scar; However, becau&s;e oftentimes di&s;&s;ipaters ripen, and ripeners di&s;&s;ipate, by rea&s;on of their likene&s;s in qualities, it may &s;o happen that Sup|puration may come contrary to the intention of the Phy&s;ician. When therefore it is made, let him draw the peccant Matter by proper Medi|cines to the in&s;ide of the Mouth, or to the com|mi&s;&s;ure of the Jaws, which is by the Chin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> For Women will &s;ooner endure their Lips to be cut, than to have a Scar in their Cheeks.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> writes, that the &s;welling of the Paps is abated by applying Hemlock, which experience te&s;tifies to be true: Although <HI>Dodoneus</HI> di&s;approves of &s;uch a Remedy, becau&s;e of the ma|lignant and poy&s;onous nature of this Herb,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> which being applied to the Paps may hurt the Heart.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. <HI>Steatomata</HI> and &s;everal Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es are often bred in the <HI>Omentum,</HI> becau&s;e great &s;tore of Fat and Glands is found here. So the Me&s;entery both of it &s;elf, and becau&s;e of plenty of Glands is very &s;ubject to Inflammation, Tumors and Corruption. Becau&s;e the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are difficultly di&s;tingui&s;hed one from another, they require an experienced Phy|&s;ician. We may &s;ay the &s;ame of the <HI>Pancreas</HI> and Spleen. In the mean time I &s;hall communicate this Pla&s;ter, the efficacy whereof in curing the Tumors of the &s;aid Part I have often experienced, Take of Gum <HI>Carranna,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> Ammoniac each 1 drachm, <HI>Mercury</HI> killed with Tur+pentine half an ounce. Mix them. Make a Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. We mu&s;t proceed gently and gradually in cutting or pulling out axillary Tumors, for while we draw and &s;eparate the Tumor with Pin|cers or any other way, the Mu&s;cles that &s;erve for re&s;piration are contracted al&s;o, hence an interception of Breathing. As &s;oon as ever this is ob&s;erved, we mu&s;t de&s;i&s;t a little from the Opera|tion, till they have gathered &s;trength: al&s;o Cold and very repercutient things mu&s;t by no means be applied to the&s;e Parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> le&s;t the Matter be repelled to the <HI>Pleura</HI> or other Parts, and there cau&s;e In|flammations.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. An Infant about eight Months old was ill of a Swelling in his Groin, which when I was intreated by the Parents to bring to a Suppura|tion, after divers &s;orts of Medicines had been tri|ed before, I ob&s;erved that one Stone lay in the Groin, by the &s;ame token that the other was a|lone in the Cod on the other &s;ide; and therefore I advi&s;ed them afterward to ab&s;tain from all Medi|dicines, for it was not a Tumor but a &s;tone; which afterwards in 7 or 8 Months time &s;lipt down into the Cod; and &s;o there was no need of cutting it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchetti <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 58.</NOTE> which a Barber was going to do.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Swellings in the Knee are very dange|rous and difficult to cure, for want of Mu&s;cles, and great &s;tore of Ligaments; Tendons and Bones be|ing Parts that are of a cold and dry Nature, and un|able &s;ufficiently to di&s;per&s;e Humidity. Therefore it is nece&s;&s;ary to give help as &s;oon as can be by hot means. Yea, if there be any &s;igns of Suppu|ration, the Ab&s;ce&s;s mu&s;t be opened at the very
<PB N="593" REF="262"> fir&s;t time, le&s;t otherwi&s;e the Patient might fall into a Lamene&s;s, Con&s;umption and at length death it &s;elf. A continual owzing of &s;ome Humour, which renders the cure very difficult, u&s;ually follows opening the Ulcers. <HI>Barbette</HI> highly commends his re&s;torative Powder for this.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. In &s;welling of the Knees, this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that Scarifications, when there is need of them, mu&s;t be prudently admini&s;tred; for all joynts are weak, yet endued with exact &s;en&s;e. Where|fore pain and other accidents follow Scarifica|tion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. A Boy after he had had the Small Pox, had a &s;welling of pituitous and flatulent matter, about his left Ankle, which &s;eemed to threaten an ab&s;ce&s;s. But becau&s;e &s;uch Impo&s;thumes about the joynts are difficult and tedious in curing, and &s;ome|times erode the Sinews and very Bones, we agreed among our &s;elves to try all means, whether the en|clo&s;ed matter could be evacuated by in&s;en&s;ible eva|cuation: We therefore applied a Catapla&s;m of flower of Beans, Lupins, Darnel, Powder of flowers of Chamomil, Elder, Melilot, Bay berries, Anni|&s;eed, Cumin&s;eed, boyled in a &s;imple <HI>Lixivium,</HI> ad|ding a little Salt. We applied this Catapla&s;m 15 or 18 dayes without &s;ucce&s;s, the matter at length being heated in the part affected, an itching and an <HI>herpes pu&s;tulo&s;us</HI> or <HI>miliaris</HI> came on a &s;udden: Where|fore for a day or two we omitted the u&s;e of the Catapla&s;m, and we anoynted the place affected with <HI>&V;nguentum album Rha&s;is,</HI> and we &s;uffered the Boy to rub his Foot as much as he li&s;t. And after that a great deal of Humour had run at the Pu&s;tles, the &s;welling about the joynt abated, when the pu&s;tles were healed, we applied the Catapla&s;m again, till new pu&s;tles aro&s;e, which we dried up as before, and applied the Catapla&s;m again. The&s;e being changed by turns, this rebellious evil was at length &s;ucce&s;sfully cured. I therefore write this, that the Surgeon may not change his Medicine as often, as &s;ucce&s;s does not immediately follow: For frequent|ly in Children and weak People time is required, before Nature can bring the Medicine out of pow|er into act.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> Therefore we mu&s;t not give over, but expect Nature's motion.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. A Girl 10 years old was after the Small Pox troubled with hard Swellings about her joynts in her Arms, Hands and Feet, that would &s;carce come to &s;uppuration. Some were open, others not: out of them that were open a thin <HI>Ichor</HI> ran, rarely any <HI>pus.</HI> I gave her a Decoction of <HI>China</HI> root and <HI>Sar&s;a parilla</HI> mixt with Splenetick and Hepatick Herbs, yea and purgatives, wherewith I u&s;e to clean&s;e the Blood. I ordered that her Sores &s;hould be wa&s;hed with Lime water, and the Tents &s;hould be dipt in the following unguent; Take of <HI>&V;nguen|tum Diapompholygos</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Saccharum Saturni</HI> 1 drachm. Mix them. And that they &s;hould be then covered with <HI>Empla&s;trum Gry&s;eum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wincle,</HI> Mi&s;c. curios. an. <HI>76.</HI> Ob&s;. <HI>100.</HI></NOTE> For the hard Tumours, that remained, I pre&s;cribed <HI>Em|pla&s;trum Diaphoreticum Myn&s;ichti.</HI> So &s;he was perfectly cured.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. A Nobleman fell with his Knee upon the pavement, he felt a pain under the whirl-bone, and a little after a certain callous excre&s;cence. When the Swelling was not le&s;&s;ened with the Me|dicines that the Surgeons gave him, I quickly cu|red him with the following Pla&s;ter; Take of <HI>Em|pla&s;trum diaphoreticum Myn&s;ichti, de Ammoniaco Fore&s;ti</HI> each 1 ounce, black de&s;tilled Oyl of Tartar 1 drachm. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. an. <HI>76.</HI> Ob&s;. <HI>101.</HI></NOTE> I have often di&s;cu&s;&s;ed hard Tumours, that were not fit for maturation, with the &s;ame Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. <HI>Johannes &agrave; Ketham</HI> in his <HI>&s;ummula venarum</HI> has ob&s;erved out of <HI>Avicenna</HI> that Inflammations and pains in the Kidneys, Loyns, Hips and Bladder are wonderfully cured by opening the Veins by the Knee.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="6 letters">us.</NOTE> And I by opening the inner Vein of one Mans Knee, who had a Phlegmonous Tumour over all his Leg and Calf, gave him pre&s;ent Remedy. &para; One had been greatly pained with an oedema|tous Inflammation in his Leg, and had been long troubled with a black Vein that ran obliquely up his Leg, which being opened cured him. And &s;o another was cured, who had been long troubled with relap&s;es of Ulcers in his Legs. This was done by me at <HI>Galen</HI>'s per&s;wa&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>ad Glauconem</HI> and by <HI>Ben. Victorius</HI> his advice.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. In all Medical Ob&s;ervation nothing is more excellent, than to know all the di&s;affected parts about a Tumour. And &s;welling is &s;o near of kin and con&s;entaneous to every Di&s;ea&s;e, that a la|tent mi&s;chief is &s;ooner declared by nothing than by this: Either becau&s;e the part being weak, cannot turn the aliment brought thither into it &s;elf, and &s;o the matter remains; or partly becau&s;e Pain calls the Humours from all parts. Now, when with the Swelling the Veins do &s;ometimes &s;trut with their full tubes, as if they would bur&s;t, all about the pla|ces that feed the Di&s;ea&s;e, they do but per&s;wade us to empty them with the prick of a Lancet, as I have often done with very good &s;ucce&s;s, when the Body has been well emptied with univer&s;als be|fore. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates l. de &V;lc.</HI> &s;carifies round old Ulcers, and opens the &s;trutting Veins there|about. Mo&s;t Authors boldly &s;carify Contu&s;ions, In|flammations and Tumours of all parts. But I &s;ay if we &s;la&s;h the Fle&s;h, how much better may this &s;ub|traction be made out of the Veins, that &s;well out in the afflicted part, which is more plentiful, commodious, ready, ea&s;ie, &s;afe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and with le&s;s pain?</P>
<P N="40">XL. If the matter be bred in the Liver, Spleen or Womb, and tend upwards, you may make an I&s;|&s;ue in the Thigh or Leg, ob&s;erving alwayes the rectitude, which makes revul&s;ion, that the matter may not infect the upper parts. Wherefore take no|tice, that if the matter be &s;ent from them parts downwards, and get into either Leg, they do very ill, and are quite out, who make I&s;&s;ues in the up|per Parts for revul&s;ion &s;ake from the lower, al|though they ob&s;erve the rectitude: for &s;o they re|tract the Malignant matter, peccant either in quan|tity or quality to the upper parts, not without great damage to the Patient. Therefore <HI>Aquapen|dent p.</HI> 1. <HI>oper. chirurg. c.</HI> 95. did well, who was not afraid to make an I&s;&s;ue above the Knee for a &s;wel|led foot, which be&s;ides the revul&s;ion it makes, does moreover intercept the matter, and &s;top its way, that it cannot get downwards. And I, following his Foot&s;teps, have cured &s;everal of a Swelling in their Feet, e&s;pecially about the Ankle, by making an I&s;&s;ue in the Thigh above the Knee, and they are &s;till well. And you mu&s;t take notice, that in Men I chu&s;e the out&s;ide, but in Women always the in&s;ide of the Thigh above the Knee,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glandorpius.</NOTE> becau&s;e of the Womb.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Men &s;et little by Corns, but they are to blame, for if an error be committed in the Cure of them, a grievous Di&s;ea&s;e may ea&s;ily ari&s;e, I knew a Nobleman die of &s;uch: Whenever, therefore Men ignorant in their Art do cut a Corn to the quick, and apply a drop or two of Oyl of Vitriol or <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> or &s;ome Ar&s;enick to it, mo&s;t acute pains, Inflammations, Convul&s;ions and other things do follow, yea, and death it &s;elf, as in the fore&s;aid Nobleman. But I u&s;e this &s;afe Method; Fir&s;t of all, becau&s;e this Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from rubbing and &s;traitne&s;s of the Shooes, &s;trait and hard Shooes mu&s;t be left off. Afterwards prepare a Bath of emollient things, in which &s;ook your Feet for 2 hours, then wipe them and do &s;o for 3 dayes. So when the Corns are well &s;oftned, &s;crape and cut off with a Razor all that is hard, but by degrees, and only the <HI>&s;uperficies,</HI> not cutting from the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> to the Center; When the Corn is thus cut to the ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">
<PB N="594" REF="263"> which is done without pain, let <HI>Empla&s;trum de Cicata</HI> be applied; and &s;o tied on, that it may &s;tick on night and day. At fir&s;t renew it every 4 dayes, afterwards once a Month: but it mu&s;t be worn many Months, yea for a year, which it may with|out trouble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For watry Tumours.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A Pla&s;ter of Mu&s;tard Seed is the be&s;t thing can be thought of, for any watry or flatulent Tumour. This is it; Take of Mu&s;tard Seed, Nettle Seed, Brim&s;tone, round Birthwort, <HI>Spuma maris, Bdellium</HI> each 1 drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chalmetaeus.</NOTE> Gum Ammoniac, old Oyl, Wax each 2 drachms, mix them, make a Pla&s;ter.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For other Tumours.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 I have cured an oedematous Tumour ari&s;ing about the emunctories of the Brain, by applying <HI>Empla&s;trum calcinatum Paracel&s;i;</HI> which is made thus; Take of Bal&s;ame of Sulphur 1 drachm, white Wax 6 drachms, oyl of St. <HI>John's</HI> wort 1 drachm, <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate red and wa&s;hed 1 drachm, <HI>terra mortua</HI> of Colcothar half a drachm. Mix them. Make an Un|guent, by u&s;e of which all <HI>oedemata</HI> and &s;crophulous Tumours are cured: for by the virtue of Bal&s;ame of Sulphur, and Oyl of St. <HI>John's</HI>-wort, they are concocted and ripened, and by vertue of the <HI>Mercu|ry</HI> and earth of Vitriol they are well cicatrized,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Pet. Faber.</NOTE> as I have often &s;een by experience.</P>
<P N="2">2. Hops are excellent in allaying outward pains of the parts, which the vulgar are not ignorant of, for in Strains and oedematous Tumors, as al&s;o in Brui&s;es, they often apply them boyled in Beer to the part, in form of an Epitheme, with good &s;uc|ce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Tu&s;&s;is,</HI> or a Cough.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Method of Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Blood may be let? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t purge variou&s;ly. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit often does good. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have a care how we u&s;e things that &s;top the defluxion. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Head, which oft is innocent, mu&s;t not be vexed with Medi|cines. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It often ari&s;es from ob&s;tructions in the <HI>Hypochondria. VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ari&s;ing from a Nut kernel getting into the Lungs. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From a Worm. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cea&s;ing upon application of Cauteries to the Head. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By the u&s;e of <HI>Laudanum. XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Wine. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Sugar and of Sugared things mu&s;t be &s;pare. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And of Emul&s;ions. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cau&s;es and Cure of a violent Cough, as one went to Bed. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Often cau&s;ed by Wind. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By Blood coming down from the Head to the Brea&s;t. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The prevention of it from turning to <HI>pus. XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From coagulating in the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria. XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mucilaginous Syrups mu&s;t not be added to mixtures, that hinder Concretion. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a dry Cough cau&s;ed by breathing in the cold Air. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Spa&s;modick one. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of an Epidemick one. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Reading aloud be proper? <HI>XXV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough only empirical Remedies are wont to be u&s;ed for a new Cough, and there is not a man among the common &s;ort, but is furni&s;hed with many and divers Remedies of this nature, which many without the advice of a Phy&s;ician take confidently and immethodically, and give them &s;o to others; yet per&s;ons that are of a tender con&s;ti|tution, or hereditarily inclined to a Con&s;umption, or formerly have been in danger from a Cough, &s;hould upon the fir&s;t approach of it have a care, and immediately betake them&s;elves to the Rules of Phy&s;ick. According to which, that the Method of cure may rightly be in&s;i&s;ted on, the therapeutick Indications will be e&s;pecially the&s;e three, Fir&s;t, to appea&s;e or remove the di&s;orders of the Blood, from which the defluxions of the <HI>Serum</HI> proceed. Secondly to derive the recrements and all the re|fu&s;e of the Blood, that are apt to &s;eparate from it, from the Lungs to the Pores of the Skin, or the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages, or to other Emunctories. Third|ly, to &s;trengthen the Lungs again&s;t the &s;u&s;ception of the <HI>Serum</HI> and other Humours, and al&s;o to guard them again&s;t meeting with the external Cold, whereby they are u&s;ually mo&s;t hurt. The fir&s;t In|dication re&s;pects both the efferve&s;cency of the Blood, when by rea&s;on of <HI>effluvia</HI> kept in, it ae&s;tuates and boyls up in the Ve&s;&s;els; and the di&s;&s;olution of it, that is, when being di&s;&s;olved in its frame, it too much lets go its hold of the <HI>Serum</HI> and other Humours: For taking away both the&s;e, a thin cour&s;e of Diet mu&s;t be kept, and the injury of the external air being carefully avoided, a little more plentiful tran&s;piration mu&s;t be procured, or at lea&s;t the u&s;ual re&s;tored: Yet, if the Cough grow wor&s;e, Bleeding, if the &s;trength and con&s;titution will bear it, is often u&s;ed with Benefit: which when over, Hypnoticks almo&s;t always do good, ina&s;much, to wit, as they retard the motion of the Heart, and by con&s;equence the too precipitate cour&s;e of the Blood; moreover, they bring it to pa&s;s, that this traver&s;es the Pneumonick Ve&s;&s;els gently and mode|rately, without much rejection of Sero&s;ities: And pectoral Decoctions al&s;o, in as much as they de&s;troy the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humours, and hinder the Di&s;|&s;olution of the Blood and its fu&s;ion into Sero&s;ities, mu&s;t be u&s;ed: By parity al&s;o of rea&s;on and manner of working, Medicines made of Sulphur do &s;uch re|markable Service again&s;t a Cough. The &s;econd In|dication, to wit, that the <HI>Serum</HI> and other recre|ments of the Blood, being derived from the Lungs, may be evacuated by other wayes, is performed by Diaphoreticks, Diureticks and by gentle purgatives; which mu&s;t be u&s;ed by turns. Therefore after Bleeding them give and &s;ometimes repeat a purge. Let roots of Chervil, Butchers-broom, Elecampane, and other things that move Sweat and Urine, be put in Pectoral Decoctions; <HI>Millepedes,</HI> volatil Salt of Amber, and &s;ome fixt Salts and te&s;taceous pow|ders, made into Pills with Turpentine, are often given with &s;ucce&s;s. The third Indication, that the Lungs and their Pa&s;&s;ages may be defended from fluxions of Humours and meeting wirh Cold, which is vulgarly called &s;topping of a Catarrh, is perfor|med by Licks and other private Remedies, and it re&s;pects two things e&s;pecially, namely, that the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els and Glands, which open into the <HI>Trachea,</HI> that they may not di&s;charge too much Sero&s;ities into it, may be &s;hut with moderate A&s;tringents, And Secondly, that the &s;ides of the ducts of the <HI>Trachea</HI> may be &s;ufficiently &s;uppled and
<PB N="595" REF="263"> &s;moothed, that they may neither be offended with the pouring of &s;harp <HI>Serum</HI> upon them, nor by meet|ing with the external Air, and &s;o not be continual|ly irritated to Cough, and moreover, that when the&s;e Pa&s;&s;ages are &s;ufficiently lubricated, the &s;pit|tle which &s;ometimes &s;ticks fa&s;t to their &s;ides, may more ea&s;ily be rai&s;ed and coughed up. For the former intention it is, that Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es, <HI>Olibanam,</HI> Ma&s;tich, <HI>Lohoch de pino, Syrupus jujubinus, de ro &s;is &s;iccis,</HI> and other A&s;tringents are pre&s;cribed: For the Second intention, Liquori&s;h, with its various preparations,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> is counted &s;o famous a Remedy a|gain&s;t any Cough what ever.</P>
<P N="2">II. You &s;hall &s;ee very few Phy&s;icians have re|cour&s;e to Blood letting in a dry Cough, becau&s;e they think this either comes from a dry intempe|rature without matter, for which they will have the Lungs &s;moothed and moi&s;tned with Becchicks; or from thin Phlegm or <HI>Serum</HI> falling (as they per|petually talk) from the Brain upon the Lungs: and then they will have the matter incra&s;&s;ated, and the impurity of the Body evacuated by Cly&s;ters, Purges and Sneezing. Which Remedies though we think them not to be de&s;pi&s;ed, yet we affirm that all the&s;e &s;hould rather wholly be omitted, than altogether to ab&s;tain from letting of Blood, e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e be &s;tubborn, both to cure the affection that accompanies the Cough, and to hinder more grievous mi&s;chiefs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borallus de <HI>Sanguin. Mi&s;&s;. c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> which may follow, as Inflammations, bur&s;ting of Veins, Ulcerations. &para; It is judged that Blood mu&s;t be let in a dry Cough, if it cau&s;e a Fever: If there be a &s;harp and vitious Humour within the Veins: If the Liver be hot or &s;welled, and &s;o rai&s;e a Cough: If a thin and &s;harp Humour fall from the Head: If the Stones be affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and a dry Cough therefore ari&s;e; for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>Epid.</HI> orders &s;uch to Bleed in the Foot.</P>
<P N="3">III. In a Cough you mu&s;t purge gently, by turns and at intervals, and with mild Medicines, or &s;uch as have their &s;trength &s;ome way abated, le&s;t a greater fluxion be cau&s;ed by &s;harp ones. But when the defluxion is cold and thin, you may purge of|ten, without premi&s;ing any preparation; but if it be thick, you mu&s;t prepare a long time, and let it be late ere you purge.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Vomits, if not alwayes, yet for the mo&s;t part, cure a Cough whether new or inveterate, if procured by <HI>Aqua benedicta:</HI> for this way the fir&s;t region of the Belly is freed from all impurities, and de&s;tillations are &s;topt, &s;o that if convenient Pecto|rals be u&s;ed after them inwardly and outwardly, it &s;eldome returns.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. In a thin Catarrh falling from the Head up|on the Brea&s;t <HI>Trallianus lib.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. commends <HI>Dia|codium,</HI> for them, who have a thin defluxion running down from the Head upon the <HI>A&s;pera arteria,</HI> which will not &s;uffer them to &s;leep becau&s;e of the Cough following it. It is al&s;o convenient in an afflux of matter by the Ve&s;&s;els out of the whole Body, <HI>Tral|lianus</HI> his caution being u&s;ed, that it be given with great care and circum&s;pection, not alone, but with other things: not, when the &s;trength is low, or when there is &s;tore of recrements lodged in the Brea&s;t and <HI>bronchia.</HI> For though it may &s;eem to &s;top the Cough, and to cau&s;e Sleep, yet it augments the &s;traitne&s;s of Brea&s;t; &s;o that it choaks many, as &s;ure as the halter; therefore he mixes it with <HI>Oxy|mel</HI> or Syrup of Horehound. <HI>Helmont</HI> commends <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum Paracel&s;i;</HI> but he adds, a Vomit follow|ed in the Morning. I find by experience that in the Morning it cau&s;es vomiting, and I much value the benefit of this Medicine. The rea&s;on why it Vomits is not yet known.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. The various pituitous matter, that is voided in Coughing, by old Men e&s;pecially, and in Win|ter time, does not alwayes come from the Head: But it ari&s;es al&s;o from excrements continually ga|thered in the Lungs: for as the Brain by rea&s;on of its &s;tore of Ve&s;&s;els, is alwayes full of &s;uperfluities, e&s;pecially if the Blood be impure: &s;o the Lungs al&s;o, becau&s;e they con&s;i&s;t of innumerable Ve&s;&s;els, do much abound with Blood. If there be a Caco|chymy of the Body, they continually gather &s;uch excrements, and di&s;charge them out of the le&s;&s;er Ve&s;&s;els into the larger Branches of the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> out of which, together with the excrements, that are brought thither by the defluxion, they are af|terwards brought up by Coughing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Roots of Goats beard are commended for a hot intemperature of Stomach, Liver and Kidneys. <HI>Tabernaemontanus</HI> al&s;o commends them, e&s;pecially with the purple flower for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, Cough and difficulty of Breathing. But in my opinion it is a <HI>Succedaneum</HI> to Cichory, but only that, becau&s;e it is &s;weeter, it more remi&s;ly frees the Ve&s;&s;els of the Liver from the &s;toppage of Humours, who&s;e ob&s;truction the fore-cited Symptoms do attend by Sympathy; which Symptoms Practitioners, who are ignorant of Anatomy, do a&s;cribe to the Brea&s;t or Lungs, as if they were affected by Idiopathy. So it is to no purpo&s;e, if you &s;hould cure Hydropick, Coughing People with &s;weet things &amp; Becchicks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> who want Medicines to purge water, and to free the Liver from &s;toppage of bad Humours. &para; The Noble Lord <HI>J. Antonius &agrave; Seva</HI> after his return to <HI>Ge|neva</HI> out of <HI>Flanders</HI> had got a Cough from an unu|&s;ual moi&s;t Air and his unaccu&s;tomed drinking of Beer, which was followed with a &s;welling and hardne&s;s of Belly. The Phy&s;icians had long &s;triven again&s;t the Cough and Catarrh, not &s;o much as touching or taking any care of his <HI>Hypochondria.</HI> When he was committed to my care, he took things to open and &s;trengthen his Liver, laying a&s;ide Bec|chicks, which had &s;welled his inwards: Thus in a Month's time he that was near three&s;core, was rid of his Cough, which, as the Belly fell and grew &s;oft, by degrees abated.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Woman, upon &s;wallowing the kernel of a Hazle nut as &s;he was laughing, fell into a violent Coughing, which troubled her for two Months time with a Fever and emaciation of the whole Bo|dy. A Phy&s;ician who was called, &s;u&s;pected a Con|&s;umption: But the judicious <HI>J. D. Sala,</HI> ob&s;erving that her Fever was not continual, nor her Spittle Bloody or &s;treeked with <HI>pus,</HI> pronounced her free from a Con&s;umption. After many inquiries, when he knew the cau&s;e, after a Vomit of Honey of Ro&s;es with common Oyl, to no purpo&s;e, he ad|ded a lambitive of Oyl of Sweet Almonds, to irri|tate the expul&s;ive faculty, and enlarge the Pa&s;&s;a|ges;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE> at length &s;he &s;pate up the kernel and reco|vered.</P>
<P N="9">IX. One was ill of a trouble&s;ome &s;hort Cough, and when no Medicines would do him good, after he had born it a long time, he asked my advice: I gave him every day the juice of Hore-hound with Honey, and at times to lick Honey of Squills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ant. Benive|nius.</NOTE> till a worm came out of his Brea&s;t with Coughing, which re&s;tored the Man to health.</P>
<P N="10">X. I knew a certain Per&s;on who fell into a Cough by rea&s;on of a defluxion of a bad and noxi|ous Humour into the Brea&s;t, coming from a cold intemperature, and when he made him &s;ome Cau|teries in his Head, he was perfectly free of all his Symptomes, &s;o that the plenitude of the efficient Humours being exhau&s;ted, his Cough cea&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trallianus. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 5.</NOTE> and he recovered his health by benefit of his Caute|ries.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Being moved thereunto with the urgency of the bu&s;ine&s;s, we re&s;olved to open an I&s;&s;ue in one of his Arms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> whereby without any other help the Cough began to abate.</P>
<P N="12">XII In a trouble&s;ome Cough, and a thin defluxi|on upon the Brea&s;t, if what falls, e&s;cape the &s;train|ing of the Lungs, and is not di&s;charged, <HI>Laudanum</HI> is
<PB N="596" REF="264"> the be&s;t Remedy, which incra&s;&s;ates, and by procur|ing &s;leep, or re&s;t at lea&s;t, &s;trengthens Nature, and promotes the concoction of the crude Humour.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mayerne,</HI> tract. m. &s;. de Laudano.</NOTE> Upon the experience of <HI>Mon&s;ieur de Sigon</HI> and Pre&s;i|dent <HI>Ripant.</HI></P>
<P N="13">XIII. I was Phy&s;ician to a certain Student, who had been &s;ubject to a Cough from a Child. He &s;eemed to be of a Melancholick con&s;titution and indifferent healthy, but that his Lungs which were originally weak, did &s;uffer upon every running of the Blood into Sero&s;ities. In Summer time, while he tran&s;pires freely, he lives healthy enough; in Spring and Autumn, when the Blood alters its tem|per, and either of it &s;elf, or upon any the lea&s;t oc|ca&s;ion, &s;uffers &s;erous fluxions, he ea&s;ily falls into a Cough. E&s;pecially when there is a Con&s;tipation of the Pores, and errors in his way of living, a cru|el, and a pertinacious Cough is rai&s;ed: In this &s;tate his be&s;t Remedy, and one that he has often tried with &s;ucce&s;s, is to drink pretty freely of &s;ome ge|nerous Wine, and very &s;paringly of any other Li|quor, for &s;o the acidity and <HI>fluor</HI> of the Blood be|ing &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, and free tran&s;piration procured, he is much relieved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and &s;ometimes recovers in a &s;hort time.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. I advi&s;e young Phy&s;icians, that in correcti|on of glutinous Phlegm they take great care not to u&s;e much Sugar, or Sugared Medicines, &s;eeing thereby Phlegm is not &s;o much amended and di&s;|&s;olved, as it is encrea&s;ed and made every day more glutinous than other. Wherefore many Phy&s;icians have a bad cu&s;tome in every Cough that is protra|cted for any time, and threatens a Con&s;umption, (to amend the matter and to maintain it when pro|duced,) to abu&s;e Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es, by de|vouring a great quantity every day, whereby not only the Ulcer is not clean&s;ed, dryed or healed, but moreover a &s;en&s;e of weight, and intolerable Cold ari&s;es in the region of the Stomach, with lo&s;s of appetite.</P>
<P N="15">XV. The &s;ame mu&s;t be under&s;tood of Emul&s;ions, which are ill u&s;ed in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e they ought not to be u&s;ed, but for the a&s;&s;waging of &s;ome Symp|tomes;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> thus Experience, the Mi&s;tre&s;s of Fools, has &s;hown the matter to be.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. What&s;oever is unexperienced and new to us, as long as we are ignorant of the cau&s;e and rea|&s;on of it, u&s;es to breed admiration in us; as it happened to me, for I ob&s;erved, and indeed in my &s;elf fir&s;t, that a Cough, which followed a Catarrh, gave way but &s;lowly to ordinary Medicines, which u&s;ed to cure &s;uch a Cough ea&s;ily, and that it trou|bled us mo&s;t upon going to Bed. Now this ob&s;er|vation being made in my &s;elf, yet infirm, and in others, &s;eemed &s;trange, and made me curious dili|gently to enquire the cau&s;e and rea&s;on of this e|vent; And having ob&s;erved that Wind troubled me at the &s;ame time, I fell to take things to di&s;|cu&s;s Wind, fir&s;t in Bed, and then a little before I went to Bed: Whence it came to pa&s;s, that when I had belched up Wind &s;ometimes, in a &s;hort time the Cough, that was almo&s;t dry, was &s;topt, which otherwi&s;e tormented me a quarter of an hour and &s;ometimes longer. From this experiment happi|ly made with like &s;ucce&s;s in others, I thought I got the rea&s;on following, to wit, That great &s;tore of Phlegm meeting in the &s;mall Guts, was by the heat of the Feathers di&s;&s;olved, and by the &s;harp bile, then al&s;o di&s;turbed, reduced into Wind, which was by and by carried to the Lungs, by which the Lungs being irritated did Cough, and by Cough|ing did &s;hake all the re&s;t of the Body, and the Brain, and the Humours contained therein, which falling upon the Throat, made as if all were pro|duced there: till having ob&s;erved Wind, and the a&s;cent of it, the cure of this Cough was ea&s;ie by Oyls called Carminative, taking a few drops of them in &s;ome convenient Liquor, before one laid down in Bed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; Coughs oftentimes followed Rheums; but the Coughs gave way with more ea&s;e and &s;ucce&s;s to things that di&s;cu&s;s Wind, than to &s;uch as temper Salt briny Humours. Where|fore I &s;howed, that they had their ri&s;e not only from a Salt briny Humour, falling from the Head upon the Throat and <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> but, and e&s;pe|cially, from &s;tore of Wind, with a &s;light Fit of a Fever, carried from the &s;mall Guts, by the lacteal Veins and the Thoracick Duct into the upper <HI>Vena Cava,</HI> and thence into the right Ventricle of the Heart, and by and by into the Lungs, irritating the &s;ame to Cough, and that it troubled People mo&s;t, as they went to Bed. But as &s;oon as I ob|&s;erved this fir&s;t in my &s;elf and then in others, the cure for this Cough was ea&s;ie, by taking Aromatick Oyls that di&s;cu&s;s Wind, as Oyl of Orange Peel,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Citron, Anni&s;eed, Fenil &s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>So I remember above ten years &s;ince, the Illu&s;tri|ous and Generous <HI>Mon&s;ieur de Vera&s;&s;e,</HI> Kin&s;man to the Illu&s;trious <HI>Bernardus Budaeus,</HI> did commend to me and others, upon his own experience, a Decoction of Anni&s;eed, whereby he affirmed, he had often cu|red a Cough.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Blood falling from the Head upon the Lungs, and rai&s;ing a Cough, mu&s;t be &s;topt in its Flux, and indeed by Bleeding, if a <HI>Plethora</HI> concur, or any notable efferve&s;cence of it, or a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &s;ome wonted evacuation of it, although its too great Heat may be &s;topt with things a little acid, but e&s;pecially with things a little au|&s;tere. Let the following Apozeme &s;erve for an example; Take of leaves of Plantain 2 handfuls, Hou&s;e-leek, Sorrel each 1 handful. Boyl them in Barley water to 20 ounces, adding of Syrup of Ju|jubes 3 ounces, Salt peter purified 1 drachm, or <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> half a drachm, or Spirit of Nitre 20 drops. Mix them. Make an Apozeme. Let the Patient take a middling draught of this now and then to &s;top any other violent motion of the Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> The &s;ame Blood mu&s;t be &s;topt in its efflux by congluti|nation of the open Ve&s;&s;els by proper Remedies.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The corruption of the Blood into <HI>pus</HI> or matter mu&s;t be prevented by all means, and e&s;pe|cially by <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris ani&s;atus</HI> or any other, that is not ingrateful, &s;eeing that by the help of this not only the turning into <HI>pus</HI> or corruption, and further hurt of the Ulcerated part is prevented, but moreover the total cure of it is promoted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is a drop or two in &s;ome convenient pe|ctoral mixture.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. And le&s;t the &s;ame Blood, whence &s;oever it come into the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria,</HI> &s;hould be coagulated there, and then corrupted, it mu&s;t immediately be kept di&s;&s;olved with convenient Medicines, or mu&s;t be di&s;&s;olved again and voided: To which end Crabs Eyes di&s;&s;olved partly at lea&s;t in a little de|&s;tilled Vinegar, together with diaphoretick Anti|mony, taken with &s;ome grateful things mu&s;t be preferred to many other things, for example, let the following pre&s;cription be taken a &s;poonful at once; Take of water of Hy&s;&s;op, Fenil each one ounce, <HI>Aqua vitae Matthioli</HI> 2 drachms, de&s;tilled Vine|gar half an ounce, Crabs Eyes half a drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> dia|phoretick Antimony 1 &s;cruple, Syrup of Maiden-hair 1 ounce. Mix them.</P>
<P N="20">XX. But we mu&s;t have a care in &s;uch mixtures, as have Crabs Eyes di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar in them, that Syrups made of Mucilaginous things be not added to them, &s;uch as <HI>de Althaea Fernelii,</HI> of Jujubes, Violets and the like, becau&s;e they grow pre&s;ently thick and unfit for u&s;e, which would not ea&s;ily be, if Syrups made of Aromatick things be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and e&s;pecially new enough, &s;ince &s;everal in tract of time grow vi&s;cid.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. A dry Cough ari&s;ing either from cold Air or drink will be cured by often holding the Breath &s;ome while, that, when the heat is encrea&s;ed in the
<PB N="597" REF="264"> Throat and Lungs, the fault may be amended which ari&s;es from external Cold. And I mu&s;t &s;ay, that in this ca&s;e holding ones Breath as long as one can, does not a little conduce to re&s;train and &s;top any Cough, and a dry one e&s;pecially; by which means I have ob&s;erved often in my &s;elf and others, that a Cough otherwi&s;e trouble&s;ome enough has either been wholly removed or abated;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and I have al&s;o &s;een a Hickup thus cured.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. The Spasmodick Cough in Children is dif|ficultly cured, becau&s;e not only the Blood mu&s;t be altered, as in an ordinary Cough, and its recre|ments &s;hould be di&s;charged and derived from the Lungs, to the habit of the Body by tran&s;piration, but moreover an amendment of the Nervous juice mu&s;t be procured. The method of cure u&s;ual in other &s;ort of Coughs &s;eldome does good here, wherefore neglecting the rational method, mo&s;t u&s;e onely empirical Medicines. Among many the two following are u&s;ually preferred, that is, <HI>Muscus pyxi|datus,</HI> and its various preparations, which (as far as we can gather from the Ta&s;t) is of an a&s;tringent virtue, and contains in it &s;elf &s;omething &s;harp par|ticles, &s;avoring of &s;tore of volatil Salt, whence we may conjecture, that its u&s;e is to fix the Blood, and &s;top fluxions of the <HI>Serum,</HI> and moreover by volati|lizing the Nervous juice, to remove the Spasmodick di&s;po&s;ition. The other Remedy u&s;es to be, to put the Children into &s;ome &s;udden fright; the rea&s;on whereof con&s;i&s;ts in this, becau&s;e the animal Spirits being put to flight, and forced into new di&s;tracti|ons, do leave their former di&s;orders: And more|over the Spasmodick matter is either di&s;per&s;ed by this perturbation, or el&s;e it is driven into other Nerves, where it is not very trouble&s;ome. Such as are of an hot con&s;titution, and, while they Cough, have an inten&s;e red, or rather a black Countenance, I pre&s;cribe them Phlebotomy, or Bleeding with Leeches to the lo&s;s of 2 or 3 ounces, and &s;ometimes with good &s;ucce&s;s; Take of live <HI>Millepedes</HI> clean&s;ed 1 ounce, powder of Anni&s;eed 1 drachm, Nutmeg half a drachm, white Sugar 5 ounces; when they are brui&s;ed, pour to them wa|ter of Hy&s;op 6 ounces, <HI>Limacum magi&s;tralis</HI> 2 ounces. Mix them a little in a Mortar, make a &s;trong ex|pre&s;&s;ion. The do&s;e 2 or 3 &s;poonfuls twice a day. In the Winter, when Snails cannot be had, Sheep's or Calve's Lungs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> parboyled and minced mu&s;t be put in their &s;tead, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. There was an univer&s;al Cough at <HI>Rome,</HI> and many died. A certain Phy&s;ician cured him&s;elf and &s;everal others with this Medicine; Take of Iujubes N^o 25. Figs N^o 10. Large plump Rai&s;ins 1 ounce and a half, &s;craped Liquori&s;h 3 drachms, roots of Coltsfoot 1 handful. Boyl them in a &s;uffi|cient quantity of water, till half be con&s;umed a|way. Take a Gla&s;s of it every Morning and at the hour of Sleep. They ab&s;tained from Wine, and Fle&s;h, they u&s;ed Bread boyled with Rai&s;ins and Butter;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> or Butter, Bread and Sugar; or Bread boyled in Milk and Sugar.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 3. advi&s;es to u&s;e reading a|loud. Some que&s;tion, whether this be a proper Re|medy, &s;ince loud reading dries: But it may be an|&s;wered, that it certainly does good, becau&s;e it dries up Phlegm, from whence an old Cough is reckoned to derive its original. Be&s;ides, <HI>Antyllus</HI> in <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> advi&s;es to u&s;e it, if drought and heat &s;eem to abound beyond mea&s;ure in our Bodies. Much Air entring by re&s;piration into the pa&s;&s;ages, will very much moi&s;ten what is dry, and becau&s;e it is of more tenuious parts and more liquid than any water, it will &s;often hardne&s;s cau&s;ed by dry|ne&s;s. But we mu&s;t take notice, that the actions of the voice mu&s;t not be u&s;ed ra&s;hly and unadvi&s;edly, and e&s;pecially by them that are not u&s;ed to the ex|erci&s;e, and are but beginning.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rubaeus,</HI> comm. in loc.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This conduces greatly to mitigate inveterate Coughs, ari&s;ing from cold and gro&s;s Humours; Take of Pine nuts roa&s;ted, Starch, Liquori&s;h, Net|tle &s;eed, Lin&s;eed each 2 ounces, Orris, Pepper, Hy&s;&s;op, Cre&s;&s;es Seed, bitter Almonds each half a drachm. Mix them with well clarified Honey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Donatus ab Altomari.</NOTE> and give a &s;mall &s;poonful of it.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is an excellent Remedy for great de&s;til|lations; Take of Storax, Ca&s;tor, Pepper, Carda|mome, each half a drachm, <HI>Opium,</HI> Jujubes, Henbane Seed each half a drachm. Let the quantity of a Vetch be given to them, when they go to Bed. &para; The Medicine of the ancients for an old and dry Cough. The common People in a de&s;perate Cough take dayly brui&s;ed Beans boyled with Garlick for their meat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al. Benedic|tus.</NOTE> and Mar&s;h-mallow flowers boyled in Milk, as a pre&s;ent Remedy.</P>
<P N="3">3. In a Cough cau&s;ed by a &s;harp defluxion I gave the yolk of a raw Egg with Sugar Candy, and im|mediately the Cough went away, &s;o that there was no need of other Remedies. &para; For an old dry Cough, for Con&s;umptive, Pleuritick, A&s;thmatick Per&s;ons, and &s;uch as have a violent Cough I u&s;e this; Take an Apple, cut off the top, hollow part of it out, fill it with Honey of Ro&s;es, and cover it with the piece fir&s;t cut off, ro&s;t it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> and eat it at Night, when you go to Bed.</P>
<P N="4">4. Take Juniper water 6 drachms, white Sugar Candy brui&s;ed 2 drachms. Mix them. Burn it with threads dipt in Brim&s;tone, and let the burn|ing threads be put into it al&s;o, &s;tir the Liquor, and let it burn, till the Sugar di&s;&s;olves, then &s;train it, add to it of Saffron 1 Scruple, of which take a &s;poonful Morning and Evening. This Liquor loo|&s;ens and di&s;cu&s;&s;es all Coughs coming from cold Hu|mours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Joel.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. This exceedingly &s;tops a Cough and thin Ca|tarrhs falling upon the Brea&s;t; Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es 1 drachm, Ma&s;tich half a drachm, with as much <HI>Diacodium Montagnanae</HI> as is &s;ufficient,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE> make a <HI>Bolus.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. Milk drunk warm, with Sugar Candy or Pe|nidy mixt with it, is very good. &para; This is very good, Take of the heads of Garden Poppy almo&s;t ripe, 3 drachms, <HI>Siliquae</HI> freed from the Grains, Li|quori&s;h each 1 drachm. Boyl them, and add to the colature of Sugar Penidy and Candy each 4 drachms; Boyl them again till they grow thick. U&s;e it in&s;tead of <HI>Diacodium,</HI> licking it in the Night. &para; Some write that red Poppy water with Sugar Candy drunk in the Night is very good in a Cough. &para; Some cry up Garlick mixt with Bears gree&s;e, and applied to the Soles of the Feet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> as a certain Remedy to cure a Cough.</P>
<P N="7">7. A Deer's Lungs dried with the Wind-pipe in an Oven and powdered, and mixt with Honey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> is good for a Cough.</P>
<P N="8">8. I have experienced this to be very good in a Cough without a Fever; Take of <HI>Diapenidium, Dia|olibanum</HI> each 1 drachm, <HI>Lohoch &s;anum &amp; expertum, Dia|tragacanthum frigidum</HI> each half a drachm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galeat de S. Sophia.</NOTE> Syrup of Liquori&s;h 1 ounce, of Hy&s;&s;op 1 ounce and an half. Mix them, make an Electuary.</P>
<P N="9"><PB N="598" REF="265">9. Take the crum of a Loaf as it comes hot out of the Oven,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Arnold. Vil|lanovanus.</NOTE> fry it in Swines blood, and give it with Honey. This only has cured &s;everal of a Cough.</P>
<P N="10">10. There is nothing better for a Cough, than juice of Turneps boyled and Clarified, e&s;pecially if fre&s;h Butter and Sugar candy be added, and the Soles of the Feet be anointed with the Fat of a Pike,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus.</NOTE> it is very good in a Catarrh and Children's Cough.</P>
<P N="11">11. The middle rind of Bitter&s;weet boyled in Mede is very good for a prevailing Cough: For &s;uch a drink is exceeding grateful to the whole region of the Brea&s;t and Lungs, wonderfully purges all filthy matter and rotten Phlegm, and &s;trengthens all the Parts.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="18" TYPE="book">
<PB N="599" REF="265">
<HEAD><HI>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XVIII.</HI> Of Di&s;ea&s;es beginning with the Letter <HI>V.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Varices,</HI> or Swollen Veins.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Cure by pricking and cutting. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When opening is &s;afe. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes mu&s;t be burnt with Cau&s;ticks. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure by cutting &s;u&s;pected. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of opening a Vein in the Leg. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure according to the Laws of Circulation. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that come of crude Blood are more &s;afely cured than they that come of a Melancholick Blood. <HI>VII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Chirurgical handling of <HI>Varices</HI> is twofold, the one is opening by a certain Puncture, as &s;imple Section, according to the nature of Veins: the other is by cutting the Ve&s;&s;el a&s;under, or cutting part of it out. We open <HI>Vari|ces,</HI> that the Patients may at lea&s;t get &s;ome relief, when both them&s;elves and they that have them in hand, are afraid to cut them out: then I &s;ay, they mu&s;t be purged with a Lancet, of which operation <HI>Hippocrates l. de &V;lc. numero</HI> 16 makes mention; <HI>Where there is a</HI> Varix <HI>of the Leg either con&s;picuous, or in the Fle&s;h, and the Leg is black, and it &s;eems to have need of the Blood, that runs by it, you mu&s;t by no means cut &s;uch through, for often|times great &V;lcers come from the Fi&s;&s;ures, by rea&s;on of the run|ning of the</HI> Varix, <HI>but you may again and again prick a</HI> Varix <HI>when you think it convenient.</HI> The &s;en&s;e whereof in &s;hort is this, that you mu&s;t not thru&s;t your Lancet in pro|mi&s;cuou&s;ly, where the Swelling is, but that the <HI>Va|rix</HI> it &s;elf may be gently pricked in &s;everal places, where it is turgid, that a convenient quantity of Blood may be taken away. But <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>de comp. med.</HI> &khgr;. &ggr;. <HI>c.</HI> 3. advi&s;es fir&s;t to &s;carifie lengthways a <HI>Va|rix,</HI> that is near an old Malignant Ulcer, before the re&s;t of the cure be undertaken. <HI>Albuca&s;is l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 92. advi&s;es to do it thus: Let the Leg, &s;aith he, be fomented with warm water, and let the Thigh be bound from above downwards to the Knee, with a Roller. The Vein mu&s;t be cut underneath, with one, two or three pricks of a Lancet, &s;queez|ing out the Blood both above and below with both Hands, as much as you &s;hall think convenient, bind down the wound, and the Man is cured. Thus much of opening the <HI>Varices,</HI> now &s;omething of cut|ting them out. <HI>Galen</HI> 3 <HI>meth. c.</HI> 4. and <HI>Aetius &s;er.</HI> 14. <HI>c.</HI> 4. advi&s;e, that if <HI>Varices</HI> be joyned with an Ulcer, it is in vain to hope for a Coalition of the Ulcer, take what pains you can. I have &s;een Men in our Ho&s;pitals, who have had Ulcers two, four, &s;even years old or Elder, who, when the <HI>Varices</HI> that were about it were cut out, were happily cured, con|trary to all Mens expectation; but it is wonder|ful, that, when the places below are annoyed with grievous pain, there remains no Ail, where the <HI>Varices,</HI> that are much higher, were cut out. It is wonderful al&s;o, that the Swelling of the parts be|low &s;hould all vani&s;h, and the part &s;hould be re|pre&s;&s;ed to its natural place, as &s;oon as the&s;e twining Vines are cut out, ju&s;t as when the River is dry the Plants wither. One <HI>Marinellus l.</HI> 4. <HI>de Mul. ornam.</HI> &s;ayes, that when the <HI>Varices</HI> are cut out the Limb withers: But I can contradict him; for I have cut out &s;everal, and never ob&s;erved any &s;uch detriment follow: For what rea&s;on is there, why for lack of one Vein a part &s;hould cea&s;e to be nou|ri&s;hed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> when &s;everal meet together to irrigate it?</P>
<P N="2">II. If we ob&s;erve, that a Melancholick juice actu|ally falls, from the Bowels into the <HI>Varices,</HI> and that the Body does abound with Melancholy, then the <HI>Varices</HI> mu&s;t by no means be cut, for according to <HI>Galen lib. de atra bile c.</HI> 4. The Varicous are in danger, if you cut the <HI>Varices,</HI> of becoming Melancholick. And <HI>Avicenna l.</HI> 3. <HI>f.</HI> 22. <HI>c. de Var.</HI> teaches us, when they &s;hould be cut, &s;aying, That if Melancholy be not di&s;charged by the Bowels upon the <HI>Varices,</HI> and if the Blood be clean, you need not fear to cut them: But if it be di&s;charged, and the Blood be impure, they mu&s;t be cut,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius, <HI>Meth. l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> becau&s;e Men will be|come Melancholick, and fall into wor&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es. &para; <HI>Varices</HI> are either old or new; if old they mu&s;t be kept, the fluxion to the Legs being intercepted,
<PB N="600" REF="266"> by frequent evacuation of Sero&s;ity by purging with Hydragogues; and by Urine with temperate Diu|reticks. But if they be new, they mu&s;t be cured by opening them and taking out the Blood, making fir&s;t a ligature above, but e&s;pecially below the di|lated Vein, for fear of immoderate evacuation, and then the place mu&s;t be cicatrized by a&s;tringents and glutinatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 98. <HI>Cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> in&s;i&s;ting upon the operation in the &s;ame manner, as <HI>Paraeus</HI> delivers it, <HI>Chirurg. l.</HI> 12. <HI>c.</HI> 20. &para; Some <HI>Varices</HI> may &s;afely be cured, and we are forced to cure them: Some cannot &s;afely be cured, yet we are forced to cure them; And &s;ome can neither &s;afely be cured, nor are we bound to cure them. If therefore the cure be &s;afe, and you be not forced by the Ulcer, you ought to cure the <HI>Varices:</HI> If neither the cure be &s;afe, nor you com|pelled, they mu&s;t not be cured: But if the cure be not &s;afe, and yet you be forced by the <HI>Varices</HI> and by an Ulcer, you mu&s;t try to cure them. Now the cure is &s;afe in a Body not Cacochymick, and if the <HI>Varices</HI> be not writhen; when the beginning of them is not in the Groin, and when the Patient is obedient; al&s;o when there is no fear from a pleni|tude, whereby a new dilatation may be made: In the&s;e ca&s;es the cure may &s;afely be undertaken. Sometimes, though the cure be not &s;afe, yet we are forced to attempt it; I &s;ay, we are forced &s;ometimes by an Ulcer, that is very painful, or over runs the whole Leg, or corrupts the Bone, or is Malignant, or the like: Sometimes we are forced by the <HI>Varices</HI> them&s;elves, which are &s;ometimes great and turgid, &s;o as they would break, were they not intercepted, and having made a great ef|fu&s;ion of Blood, they kill, of which I have &s;een two dye. Whenever therefore you &s;ee the <HI>Varices</HI> tur|gid,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fallopius,</HI> l. de &V;lcer. c. <HI>16.</HI></NOTE> try to cure them, otherwi&s;e that Blood will erode, and the <HI>Varices</HI> will break.</P>
<P N="3">III. I ob&s;erve, all <HI>Varices</HI> are twofold, &s;ome wri|then, called by the Arabians <HI>Vines,</HI> others &s;imple, running &s;treight along, although they go tran&s;|ver&s;e: It is the be&s;t way to burn the former; but &s;ome have reckoned that the &s;treight peculiarly require burning. I have found by experience and long ob&s;ervation, that it is the &s;afe&s;t way al&s;o to burn them that are cut out, with a red hot Pen|knife, having an Iron plate put underneath: for if it corrupt, it turns to a <HI>therioma,</HI> which when it hap|pens, it mu&s;t al&s;o of nece&s;&s;ity be treated with fire. <HI>Albuc. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 55. &s;ets an Iron pipe with thin edges, red hot, fit to the tubercle, upon corns; and &s;o may <HI>Varices</HI> be burnt, which twine about the Thighs. And as to them in the <HI>&s;crotum,</HI> to be cured with a Cautery, there is no great difference, but that <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> peirces them with thin and &s;harp Irons, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 22. Here we may add what <HI>Mengus</HI> delivers, that we may cure <HI>Varices</HI> with a Cau&s;tick, which may break both the Skin and Ve&s;&s;el, to the end that, when the Ulcer is clean&s;ed and healed, the growing <HI>callus</HI> may &s;top up the <HI>Varix.</HI> After which advice indeed <HI>Varices</HI> are often burnt, but not with an Iron, le&s;t Men &s;hould be affrighted. For this purpo&s;e I chu&s;e me &s;ome large and &s;mooth Galls, pieces of which as big as a Child's Thumb, and in that form, when I have applied them to the Ve&s;&s;els in &s;everal places, I &s;et them on fire, and &s;uffer them to burn out. A Nun had a very painful Va|ricle, and when &s;he could find ea&s;e by no Medi|cines either inward or outward,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> when I had &s;et fire to it, it was di&s;cu&s;&s;ed at once.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The Chirurgical cure of <HI>Varices,</HI> which <HI>Aqua|pendent</HI> propounds <HI>cap.</HI> 105. <HI>Operat. Chirurg.</HI> as it is ab|horred by mo&s;t, &s;o bad Symptomes may ea&s;ily fol|low it. I &s;aw a Country fellow, who being ill of painful <HI>Varices</HI> in his Leg, underwent the Surgery, with very good &s;ucce&s;s, under <HI>Spigalius</HI> his Hand. I, in imitation of him, once tried the &s;ame operation, fir&s;t of all I cut the Skin, then I &s;eparated the va|ricous Vein, I tied it on each &s;ide with a Thread, I elevated it with a Hook, and cut it cro&s;s the mid|dle. But by the Patient's error, that is, by too much motion, none of which &s;hould have been u&s;ed, before the wound was healed, an Inflammation a|ro&s;e, which cruelly afflicted the Patient, and hin|dred the &s;ucce&s;s from being according to de&s;ire. Wherefore the Patient and his Parents often wi&s;h|ed, that the &s;aid Inflammation might leave their Son, and take and torment me. Having once made Shipwrack of my fame, I ever after treated &s;uch as had <HI>Varices</HI> in their Legs either with Stockings made of a Dog's Skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scultetus.</NOTE> or I al&s;o applied topical Medicines to the &s;ame Leg under them.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some get benefit by opening the crural Vein, as I ob&s;erved in a certain Melancholick Per&s;on, who by often opening of it, freed him&s;elf from &s;o great a trouble. But upon taking over much pains, having neglected Bleeding in his Leg he avoided much grumous Blood upwards and downwards, a quiet death following a little after,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. M. Ferh. <HI>mi&s;c. curios an.</HI> 1676. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 26.</NOTE> and no &s;ign ap|pearing outwardly of his <HI>Varix</HI> being broke. It is very likely therefore that the internal <HI>Varices</HI> (which &s;ome will have to be common to all Veins, becau&s;e there are valves) were broken.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Varices,</HI> now the circulation of the Blood is di&s;covered, mu&s;t be cured contrarywi&s;e to what they were formerly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> for the Vein mu&s;t be bound above the <HI>Varix</HI> not below it.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The Ancients called all dilated Veins <HI>Vari|ces:</HI> and &s;ometimes they come from abundance of Blood which is not Melancholick; but &s;ometimes the Veins are &s;tretched and become varicous from other gro&s;s Humours; and e&s;pecially in the Legs, where the blood, becau&s;e of its gro&s;sne&s;s and vi&s;|cidity, does not &s;o ea&s;ily move; which after &s;tir|ring grow black and blew, to wit, when the Blood is heated, and therefore changes colour: But the cure of this varicous affection need not be feared; as the cure of a black one, and that comes from a Melancholick Humour, is &s;u&s;pected, and full of ha|zard. Yet the true and ab&s;olute cure of it is diffi|cult, and mu&s;t be performed by Surgery: For though <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> bear one in hand, that the cure is not difficult, yet the event does not an&s;wer his promi|&s;es, while he propounds the operation by the knife and fire, as barbarous. Neverthele&s;s, their true and legitimate cure is their extirpation, which cannot be done but by Surgery, that is by fire and the knife according to <HI>Cel&s;us;</HI> only by the knife, according to <HI>Paulus;</HI> by the knife al&s;o, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> who u&s;es prickings, to avoid a great Ul|cer. Among all which Operations that of <HI>Paulus</HI> is to be preferred (See <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>de re Med.</HI> 82.) as &s;afe&s;t: for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his pricking abates the <HI>Varix,</HI> but takes it not wholly away: And <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> his burning, if it be done with red hot Irons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 95. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Ulcers are rai&s;ed &s;carce cureable; if only with hot ones, the <HI>Varix</HI> will not go away.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Take black Snails as many as you plea&s;e, put them in a Gla&s;s, &s;prinkle them with Salt, and ex|po&s;e them to the Sun, and they will di&s;&s;olve into Liquor, of which Liquor take 3 ounces, phlegm of Vitriol 1 ounce and an half, Oyl of Ro&s;es 2 ounces.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE> Boyl them together to an Unguent; wherewith I anointed the <HI>Varices</HI> and they pre&s;ently went away.</P>
<P N="2">2. Nothing &s;o much re&s;trains the Poy&s;on of them, as Man's Fat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paracel&s;us.</NOTE> Al&s;o oyl of Juniper is a principal Remedy.</P>
<P N="3">3. The roots of the Plant, which they call <HI>Circaea Dio&s;coridis</HI> bound to the place affected help, and ea&s;e pain: Moreover I have found by experience,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> that only the Leaves laid to the <HI>Varices</HI> are admirable good.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="601" REF="266">
<HEAD><HI>Variolae, Morbilli,</HI> or the Small Pox and Mea&s;les.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Regular mu&s;t be di&s;tingui&s;hed from the Irregular. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Di&s;tinct from the Confluent. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to the Symptomes that follow the Confluent, <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The e&s;&s;ence of the Di&s;ea&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in a certain Inflammation of the Ma&s;s of Blood. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take care, the Ebullition be not too much. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cordials and Diaphoreticks mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly u&s;ed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>While expul&s;ion is made, we mu&s;t have a care of u&s;ing hot Things too much. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And we mu&s;t have a care of Cold. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Cordials may be u&s;ed? <HI>IX, X, XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What the Diet mu&s;t be, at the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Patient mu&s;t not too &s;oon be confined to his Bed. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Opiates helps to drive them out. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Who mu&s;t be Bled? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How di&s;tinct Small Pox mu&s;t be cured? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweating hurts this &s;ort. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are towards the latter end, Wine may be allowed. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mo&s;t dye of the Di&s;tinct, becau&s;e a wrong Cure is in&s;i&s;ted on. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Few of the common Sort dye of it. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of <HI>Mithridate,</HI> and &s;uch things, kills many. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the confluent Small Pox is difficult. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to Salivation, which accompanies the&s;e. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are proper for this &s;ort. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t provide for a &s;ucceeding Loo&s;ne&s;s? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are &s;ometime of u&s;e in the di&s;tinct Sort. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If a Phren&s;y come, how it may be cured? <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not always Bleed for it. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Salivation ri&s;e not well in the Confluent, what mu&s;t be done? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pi&s;&s;ing or Spitting of Blood can no way be &s;topt. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The provoking of &s;uppre&s;&s;ed &V;rine. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How, when they &s;trike in, they may be got out again? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blood may be let in the &s;tate of Convale&s;cence. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Epidemick Small Pox with black Pu&s;tules. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are a Di&s;ea&s;e not to be &s;lighted. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the morbifick Matter, before they come out. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Regard mu&s;t be had to the times, that is, of Ebullition, Appa|rition and Maturation. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they can or ought to be Suppre&s;&s;ed? <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they were imminent, hindred frem coming out by a Purge of <HI>Mercurius dulcis. XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After they are come out, although the Fever and the concomi|tant Symptomes cea&s;e, yet Bezoarticks are proper. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure mu&s;t not always be begun with letting of Blood. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Children may be bled. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And when they appear. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>No place for Bleeding in that Sort they call <HI>Ro&s;alia. XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Letting of Blood hinders not their coming out. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomiting and other Accidents do not alwayes hinder bleeding. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor the Winter. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Repeated Bleeding not alwayes nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The place for Bleeding. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The manner of Bleeding is various. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Cupping-gla&s;&s;es &s;hould be applied? <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Le&s;s Bleeding is proper in the Mea&s;les than in the Small Pox. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarifications mu&s;t not be deep in Children. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be proper? <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters are &s;ometimes dangerous. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The over Ebullition of the Humors mu&s;t &s;ometimes be re&s;trained with cooling and incra&s;&s;ating Things. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of Lentills may be admitted? <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Figs and Salt Fi&s;h, when they are proper? <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Face &s;hould be pre&s;erved? <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Pu&s;tules may be prickt? <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a &s;peedy drying of them may be procured? <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what their &s;low ripening may be promoted? <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Face may be pre&s;erved? <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nothing mu&s;t be done to the Scars that are left. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bathes ineffectual in getting out Pock-holes. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are come out, the ebullition of the Humors mu&s;t be laid. <HI>LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Although the Di&s;ea&s;e be towards the declen&s;ion, yet the Patient is not &s;afe. <HI>LXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Small Pox with a bloody Flux cured. <HI>LXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Loo&s;ne&s;s &s;upervening not alwayes fatal. <HI>LXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Loo&s;ne&s;s often cau&s;ed by Worms. <HI>LXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Small Pox &s;truck in, brought out by Ve&s;icatories. <HI>LXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the Mea&s;les with a Cough and Defluxion. <HI>LXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Small Pox attended with grievous Symptomes, when they would &s;carce come out, brought out &s;ucce&s;sfully with a coo|ling Diet, without Medicines. <HI>LXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of them in a young Man, troubled at the &s;ame time with Bleeding at the No&s;e. <HI>LXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of them, coming out with grievous Symptomes. <HI>LXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of them in a lying-in Woman. <HI>LXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Fle&s;h and Eggs mu&s;t be denied Children? <HI>LXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet in the Mea&s;les? <HI>LXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they go off, loo&s;ning Things may be given. <HI>LXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Lettuce and very cooling Things may be given? <HI>LXXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Small Pox are epidemical and bad, Children not in|fected mu&s;t be removed far away. <HI>LXXXI.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Small Pox, tho&s;e years they are epide|mical, if they be al&s;o regular and gentle, begin about the Vernal Aequinox; but tho&s;e years they do not &s;pread epidemically, and are irregu|lar and of a more dangerous &s;ort, they invade &s;ometimes more early, perhaps in <HI>January,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham.</HI> Ob&s;ervat. circa Morb. acut. p. <HI>165.</HI></NOTE> infecting whole Families, and &s;paring none of what Age &s;oever they be, if they have not had this Di&s;ea&s;e before.</P>
<P N="2">II. There are two &s;orts of them, for either they are Di&s;tinct or Confluent, which although they differ not e&s;&s;entially, as they &s;ay, yet by &s;ome remarkable Symptomes, which attend one &s;ort, but not the other, it is no hard matter to di&s;tin|gui&s;h one from the other. The inter&s;tinct or di&s;|crete come with a Shivering and Coldne&s;s, which is pre&s;ently followed with exce&s;&s;ive Heat, a vio|lent pain in the Head and Back, vomiting, a great propen&s;ity to Sweat (I mean in grown Per&s;ons, for I never yet ob&s;erved any &s;uch di&s;po&s;ition in Chil|dren, either before or after they come out) a pain at the Stomach, if you lay you hand on the Pit of it, Dulne&s;s and Sleepine&s;s, e&s;pecially in Chil|dren, and &s;ometimes epileptick Fits, which Fits, if they take Children, that have bred their Teeth, I reckon the Small Pox are at hand: And when the Small Pox come immediately after &s;uch Fits, they ri&s;e in large Pu&s;tules, they are mild and kindly, and &s;eldome Flux. Di&s;tinct Small Pox come out for the mo&s;t part on the fourth day, &s;ome|times later, very &s;eldome &s;ooner. That &s;ort, which we call Confluent (or, as the People call them, Flux) Pox, have their Symptomes common with the other, only here all things are more vio|lent, to wit, the Fever, Re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, Vomiting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> afflict more violently, by which &s;igns the Conflu|ent Small Pox bewray them&s;elves to a &s;agacious Phy&s;ician, before they come out. Neverthele&s;s here the Patient is not &s;o apt to &s;weat, as in the other kind, wherein grown People, that have any inclination to Sweat, cannot be kept out of one:
<PB N="602" REF="267"> Sometimes a Loo&s;ne&s;s comes before their coming out: This &s;ort comes out generally on the third day, &s;ometimes before it, &s;carce ever after it; whereas the Di&s;tinct &s;how them&s;elves the very fourth day inclu&s;ively from the fir&s;t being taken, or after, very &s;eldome before: And by how much &s;ooner they come before the fourth day, &s;o much more they will Flux. And although, to &s;peak in general, the Confluent &s;carce ever tarry till the fourth day, yet it may &s;o happen, though &s;eldome, that their coming out may be deferred till the fourth or fifth day, by rea&s;on of &s;ome grievous Symptome, as, a mo&s;t violent pain &s;ometimes in the region of the Loins, like a fit of the Stone, &s;ome|times in the Side, like a Pleuri&s;ie, and &s;ometimes in the Stomach, with violent Vomiting before they come out: In the&s;e Ca&s;es I have ob&s;erved the Small Pox to come out later than ordinary, be|cau&s;e they were re&s;trained and hindred by the ex|treme violence of the &s;aid Symptomes, which Symptomes indeed being more violent than ordi|nary do plainly indicate to me that the following Small Pox will be of the Confluent kind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>171.</HI></NOTE> and not without danger.</P>
<P N="3">III. And there are two Symptomes that attend the Confluent Small Pox, which are as con&s;iderable as the Pu&s;tules, or Swelling, or any other, that is, Salivation in grown Per&s;ons, and a Loo&s;ne&s;s in Children. The fir&s;t of the&s;e is almo&s;t ever a con|comitant. It may be, Nature &s;ub&s;titutes the&s;e e|vacuations, becau&s;e in this &s;mall and low &s;ort the morbifick Matter cannot &s;o fully be di&s;|charged, as in the larger and higher Pu&s;tules in the Di&s;tinct. And this I certainly know, that they do not only always accompany the Confluent Small Pox, but evacuation by them is as nece&s;&s;ary, as either Pu&s;tules,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p <HI>174,</HI></NOTE> or &s;welling of the Face and Hands.</P>
<P N="4">IV. I ingenuou&s;ly acknowledge I know not what the E&s;&s;ence of this Di&s;ea&s;e is, but all the Symp|tomes &s;eriou&s;ly con&s;idered &s;eem to &s;ubindicate to me that it is an Inflammation (but yet &s;pecifi|cally di&s;tinct from other Inflammations) of the Blood and other Humors, in getting off of which it is Nature's bu&s;ine&s;s for 2 or 3 of the fir&s;t dayes to dige&s;t and concoct the inflamed Particles, which afterwards when di&s;charged into the habit of the Body &s;he &s;till ripens, and at length expells out of her territories in the form of little Ab|&s;ce&s;&s;es. Hence we may take notice, that there are two times in this Di&s;ea&s;e, of Separation and Expul&s;ion. The fir&s;t for the mo&s;t part is &s;pent in the febrile Ebullition, which is performed in 3 or 4 dayes. Separation being thus fini&s;hed, by the help of Ebullition, in the Blood, Expul&s;ion now takes place, which is performed all the re&s;t of the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e by means of the&s;e little Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es. Hence ari&s;e the&s;e Indications, 1. That an aequa|ble Tenor may be kept in the ebullition of the Blood, that it may not by exce&s;&s;ive violence per|form Separation too ha&s;tily, nor yet by a too tor|pid Motion may retard the &s;ame, or not perform it &s;ufficiently. 2. That the Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, or Pu&s;tules may be kept up with the greate&s;t care, that as they run over their due times, they may at length wholly carry off the matter contained in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>183.</HI></NOTE> and they may al&s;o fade away.</P>
<P N="5">V. As to the fir&s;t Indication, we mu&s;t be &s;olli|citou&s;ly careful, e&s;pecially at this time, that the Ebullition ri&s;e not too high, either by heaping too many Clothes on, or from the Air of the place where the Patient lies, being over-heated by the Fire, or by the u&s;e of hot Medicines and Cordi|als. And you mu&s;t e&s;pecially beware of the&s;e Things, if the Patient be in the flower of his Age, or have his Blood too much exalted with gene|rous Liquors, or if it be the Spring-time, or but the beginning of Summer. For hence it would &s;o fall out, that Separation, which ought to be performed in&s;en&s;ibly and by &s;low degrees, &s;o as it may more opportunely perform an univer&s;al de|&s;pumation, would be precipitated, and &s;o either not a &s;ufficient number of Particles be gathered, or (as perhaps it may happen) &s;ome Particles may be condemned to Secretion, which Nature otherwi&s;e would not have had them undergone, but that being forced to run beyond her Bounds, &s;he creates this Mi&s;chief to her &s;elf: For when they are &s;eparated which are not &s;o fit for &s;epara|tion, the Motion of others that have an incli|nation to it, is hindred by them mixing together, and &s;o are rendred unfit for Expul&s;ion. To me in|deed it &s;eems con&s;entaneous to rea&s;on, that the longer Nature is in working and perfecting Sepa|ration, &s;o that Ebullition be not quite torpid, &s;o much more certainly and univer&s;ally the &s;ame Separation is performed: And upon its being &s;o fini&s;hed, it is nece&s;&s;ary that the &s;ucce&s;s of the fol|lowing Cure mu&s;t e&s;pecially depend, as from a contrary Method the event of the bu&s;ine&s;s mu&s;t be quite contrary. For from that hot Regi|ment no good comes, as from an over-ha&s;ty Fruit no advantage. Seeing it frequently hap|pens, that the Patient falls either downright into a Phren&s;y or (which is wor&s;e) great Sweats ari&s;e, whereby Particles not fit for Separation, nor an&s;wering the Nature of <HI>Pus</HI> (which very <HI>Pus</HI> notwith&s;tanding is the genuine product of this Ex|cretion) are eliminated: Or the Small Pox, being too much forced out by giving Cordials, and by hot keeping, run all into one, a foul Spectacle, and one that threatens a &s;ad Event. And the&s;e and the like Symptomes are u&s;ually bred of the&s;e Errors, whereas I never ob&s;erved any mi&s;chief, from the other Method. For Nature let alone to her &s;elf does her Work in her own time, and &s;e|parates, and then expells the matter in due order and way, &s;o that (in the younger &s;ort e&s;pecially and tho&s;e of a lively Con&s;titution) &s;he needs not our help, being furni&s;hed with &s;trength &s;ufficient of her own. For neither have I &s;een or heard of any, that mi&s;carried becau&s;e the Small Pox came not out at fir&s;t; although too many have peri|&s;hed, in whom the Small Pox at fir&s;t came out lau|dably and hopefully, and have afterwards,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>185.</HI></NOTE> upon the &s;triking in of the Pu&s;tules, fallen before they were ripe.</P>
<P N="6">VI. And as it is unadvi&s;ed and hazardous to ad|vance too high the Ebullition once begun by means either of a hot Regiment or by Cordials; &s;o on the contrary there is no le&s;s danger, to dimi|ni&s;h the &s;ame by means of Emeticks, Cathar|ticks or any &s;uch thing, &s;eeing by this means the proper &s;ecretion of the &s;eparable Particles is much hindred: Although that vulgar Argument, which Men u&s;e again&s;t Bleeding and other E|vacuations (namely, that we mu&s;t not move the Humors from the Center to the Circumference, &s;ince Nature &s;eems to affect the contrary in this Di&s;ea&s;e) be of no force at all, becau&s;e upon u&s;ing the&s;e means, a quite contrary effect has often been ob&s;erved to follow, to wit, a &s;udden coming out of the Small Pox; yet there are other rea&s;ons in rea|dine&s;s, which &s;trongly per&s;wade, that, if by any means it may be voided, we meddle not with this Practice. For (briefly to touch upon the chief of them) by the&s;e Evacuations not only the Ebullition is too much hindred, by means where|of the Particles to be de&s;pumated ought in the mean time accurately to be &s;eparated, but that al|&s;o is &s;ubtracted, which &s;hould continually as it were afford fewel to the Secretion begun: Whence it often happens, that the Small Pox co|ming out at fir&s;t with a laudable Progre&s;s (and perhaps &s;o much the better, becau&s;e the &s;aid E|vacuations preceeded) do a little after, &s;truck in as it were all on a &s;udden, fall flat, and for this rea&s;on chiefly, becau&s;e there wants matter to
<PB N="603" REF="267"> follow that which went before and bring up the Rere.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>187.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. As to the &s;econd Indication, which con|cerns the time of Expul&s;ion, as it is dangerous, if the Patient, when there is a Fever, and the Pu&s;tules &s;carce yet appear, be made over hot in the very time of Secretion; &s;o al&s;o it is a thing full of no le&s;s danger, if the &s;ame be done at any time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and e&s;pecially at that which is towards the beginning of Expul&s;ion, while the Pu&s;tules are yet Crude: For although the Blood, now that Separation is done, and the matter di&s;|charged to the carnous Parts, be in a great mea|&s;ure free from inte&s;tine Tumult; yet it being as yet tender and young, and having &s;carce got in|duction into a new &s;tate and texture, it is apt to &s;uffer, and ea&s;ily be affected by virtue of immode|rat Heat coming from all places, and &s;o being irrita|ted upon the lea&s;t occa&s;ion, it takes fire, and is in|clinable to a new Ebullition: Which new Ebulli|tion does not, as the former, now endeavor a Sup|puration (for we &s;uppo&s;e that already fini&s;hed) but in&s;tead thereof, it not only rai&s;es the above mentioned Symptomes, but di&s;turbs the Expul&s;ion, begun by the Pu&s;tules, and does harm by exa|gitating the contained matter. Either therefore the Parts now &s;eparated and left in the habit of the Body, being hurried by that violent and ra|pid cour&s;e of the ebullient Blood, are drawn again into its Ma&s;s; or the carnous Parts being heated beyond the degree due to Separation, do not &s;o well perform it; or la&s;tly, perhaps upon the coming of this new Sickne&s;s, the oeconomy of the Blood, and the tone of the Fle&s;h is perver|ted, &s;o that it cannot overcome the matter expelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>188.</HI></NOTE> and concoct it after the u&s;ual manner of Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In the mean time we mu&s;t not be &s;o intent upon preventing too great an Ebullition in the Blood, as by expo&s;ing the Patient to the injuries of the Cold to hinder the eruption of the Pu&s;tules. The degree of Heat, mo&s;t proper to promote their Expul&s;ion mu&s;t be natural, and &s;uch as is agreeable to the temper of the carnous Parts: And whatever exceeds or comes &s;hort of this is dangerous on ei|ther hand.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>190.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. If the Pu&s;tules chance to &s;trike in, or the &s;welling of the Face and Hands fall, upon Blee|ding un&s;ea&s;onably, or getting of Cold, we mu&s;t u&s;e Cordials; but we mu&s;t have a care of being too lavi&s;h in giving them; for though you have taken away Blood, yet it may &s;o fall out, that while you are afraid of lo&s;s of &s;trength thereby, and &s;o u&s;e Cordials, either &s;trong ones or often repeated, you cau&s;e a new Ebullition on a &s;udden: For the Blood is as yet tender, and is ea&s;ily &s;en&s;ible of the &s;trength of a hot Provocative; Whence it comes to pa&s;s, that often repeated Ebullitions ari&s;e in the &s;ame, to which the Patients death may of bet|ter right be attributed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>191.</HI></NOTE> than to the foregoing Blood-letting.</P>
<P N="10">X. Moreover, the Small Pox mu&s;t not there|fore immediately be forced out, as &s;oon as any &s;u&s;picion of this Di&s;ea&s;e ari&s;es, becau&s;e for&s;ooth the Patient is u&s;ually very &s;ick and re&s;tle&s;s before their coming out, when there cannot &s;o much as one In&s;tance be &s;hown, that any one died how grievou&s;ly Sick &s;oever he was, becau&s;e the Small Pox came not pre&s;ently out, or, that Nature was wanting in forcing them out &s;ooner or later, unle&s;s at any time &s;he were hindred by a too hot Regiment, and Cordial Remedies, given too ear|ly: For I have more than once ob&s;erved in young People, and of a &s;anguine Complexion, that a hot Regiment, and Cordials given on purpo&s;e to force out the Small Pox before their due time, have &s;o little promoted their coming out, that on the contrary they have given a check to it. For, the Blood being heated by the&s;e means, and put into a more violent Motion, than is fit to perform aright the &s;eparation of the Variolous Matter, only &s;ome certain tokens of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;how them&s;elves, while the Pu&s;tules, lie within the Skin, and do not rai&s;e them&s;elves further, by what Cordials &s;oever they were &s;olicited to it, till at length, the Blood being reduced to its moderate and due Temper, that is, by allowing &s;mall Beer, and taking off part of that load of Clothes, wherewith he was ro&s;ted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>193.</HI></NOTE> I have made a convenient way for the Pu&s;tules to go out, and &s;o I have put the Patient out of danger.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Nor al&s;o would I advi&s;e you to give a Cordial before the &s;aid fourth day, though a Loo&s;ne&s;s were urgent, and might &s;eem to indicate the gi|ving thereof: For although a Loo&s;ne&s;s &s;ome|times go before the coming out of the Conflu|ent Small Pox, which ari&s;es from inflammatory Va|pors or from the Humors di&s;charged into the Guts, out of the ma&s;s of Blood, that is exagitated and boyls for the fir&s;t dayes, yet here Nature will be no more wanting in driving out the &s;aid Vapors of the Variolous Matter, into the habit of the Body (which being done, the Loo&s;ne&s;s will &s;top of it &s;elf) than &s;he u&s;es to be in turning out and eliminating tho&s;e Vapors, which being turned upon the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> cau&s;e Vomiting at the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="12">XII. As &s;oon as manife&s;t &s;igns of this Di&s;ea&s;e be|gin to &s;how them&s;elves, I forbid the Patients the open Air, and drinking of Wine, and eating of Fle&s;h, but I allow them a little &s;mall Beer warm with a To&s;t, and &s;ometimes as much as they have a mind to drink. And I order them for their Victuals Oat-meal and Barly grewel, ro&s;ted Apples, and other things, which have neither exce&s;&s;ive Cold nor ex|ce&s;&s;ive Heat in them, nor give any trouble to the Stomach. I keep them from a hot Regiment, and from the u&s;e of any Cordials whatever, where|by &s;ome indeavour ra&s;hly to force the Small Pox to the Skin, before the fourth day, which is the proper and natural time for coming out. Where|as I am certain, that the &s;eparation of the Variolous Matter will be &s;o much the more univer&s;al, by how much the longer they are in coming out, and we may therefore be the more &s;ecure that they will not &s;trike in again, and that they will ripen the better. But if they be forced out before the time, the Matter as yet crude and in|concocted is precipitated, which, like Fruits too &s;oon ripe, feeds us with vain hopes. Moreover there is danger from this over ha&s;ty diligence (e&s;pecially in hot and brisk Con&s;titutions, who&s;e active Principles do more than enough &s;upply the u&s;e of Cordials) le&s;t Nature, being irritated and forced too much, do melt almo&s;t all the &s;ub&s;tance of the Body into Small Pox, &s;o that now they will flux, which,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">2.</HI></NOTE> but that you made too much ha&s;te, would have re&s;ted in the order of the Di&s;tinct, with far greater hopes.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Nor have they any more rea&s;on on their &s;ide, who &s;o pertinaciou&s;ly confine the Patient to his Bed before the fourth day, than they who &s;o over early and un&s;ea&s;onably pour down Cordi|als: For bloody Urine, purple Spots and other Mortal Symptomes do come upon People, in the flower of their Age e&s;pecially, becau&s;e they are over &s;oon confined to their Beds. But on the fourth day I order my Patient to his Bed, and then, if they come not out as one could wi&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>194.</HI></NOTE> &s;ome gen|tle Cordial may well be given, at lea&s;t for once, to drive out the Pu&s;tules.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Among the Medicines, that make for this purpo&s;e, tho&s;e they call Paregoricks, &s;uch as <HI>Laudanum liquidum, Dia&s;cordium, &amp;c.</HI> if they be mixt in a &s;mall quantity with &s;ome proper Cordial Waters, excell the re&s;t:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>105.</HI></NOTE> For when the&s;e things give a check to the ae&s;tuating Blood, Nature more &s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;onably and freely ca&s;ts out the morbifick Matter.</P>
<P N="15"><PB N="604" REF="268">XV. If I am called to a &s;trong young Man, who has be&s;ides given occa&s;ion to the Di&s;ea&s;e by liberal drinking of Wine or any &s;pirituous Liquor whate|ver, I reckon it not &s;ufficient for re&s;training the E|bullition of the Blood, that he ab&s;tain from his Bed and Cordials, unle&s;s moreover he be let Blood in the Arm. But if this cannot be granted, through the prevailing prejudice of the Vulgar, I beg that I may bleed him. For when that Inflammation, which the Heat of the &s;pirituous Liquors impre&s;&s;ed on the Blood, is added to the inten&s;e Heat, that attends this Di&s;ea&s;e, the Blood &s;o rages, that &s;ometimes by the duct of the Ve&s;&s;els it breaks into the Bladder; or cau&s;es purple Spots, and other &s;uch Symptomes, as through the whole cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;tand in the Phy&s;ician's way,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>196.</HI></NOTE> and carry the Patient off.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. When the Pu&s;tules fir&s;t come out, I then diligently con&s;ider, whether they be of the Di&s;t|inct &s;ort or of the Confluent, becau&s;e they differ exceedingly one from the other, though they agree as to &s;ome Symptomes. If therefore, from the bigne&s;s and &s;mallne&s;s of the Pu&s;tules, and the &s;lowne&s;s in coming out, and from the vani&s;hing of Sickne&s;s, and other Symptomes, which tire a Man after the coming out of the Confluent, it ap|pear to me that they are of the Di&s;tinct &s;ort, I or|der my Patient to be kept with &s;mall Beer, Oat-meal and Barly grewel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And if the Small Pox be but few, in Summer time, and that very hot, I &s;ee no rea&s;on why the Patient &s;hould be kept &s;tifled up in Bed: And why he may not ra|ther ri&s;e a few hours every day, provided, the in|conveniencies of too much Cold or too much Heat may be prevented by the Place and Clothing: For when the Patient keeps up &s;ometimes from his Bed, the Di&s;ea&s;e runs its cour&s;e, with le&s;s trou|ble and in a &s;horter time, than if he had continu|ally been fa&s;tned to it; which not only makes the Sickne&s;s more tedious, but increa&s;es the febrile Heat, and when the Bli&s;ters ari&s;e, cau&s;e a painful Inflammation. But if either the cold Sea&s;on of the Year, or a large eruption of <HI>exanthemata</HI> lay the Patient under a nece&s;&s;ity of keeping his Bed always, I take care that he lie not hotter, nor with more Clothes on him, than when he was in Health, and to have a fire kindled only Morning and Evening, unle&s;s the Winter be hard.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>197.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. I would not have the Arms always kept covered with Clothes, or that the Patient &s;hould lie alwayes in one place, le&s;t he &s;weat too much, which upon confidence of my experience, I boldly affirm, can never happen (e&s;pecially in young Men) without extreme hazard. I would therefore have him lie free in his Bed and now and then change places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. When the Di&s;ea&s;e is determining, becau&s;e the free eruption of exhalations, that proceed from the Matter now converted into <HI>Pus,</HI> is hindred by the Pu&s;tles, which are at length grown cru&s;ty and hard, it would not be ami&s;s to give 3 or 4 &s;poon|fuls of <HI>Canary</HI> Wine hot, or &s;ome other temperate Cordial Medicine, le&s;t the&s;e putrid Vapors return again into the Ma&s;s of Blood, and truly now, and not &s;ooner, is the time for Cordials. At the &s;ame time al&s;o, a little hotter Diet, and more Cordials may be given, that is, Panada's made with Beer and Sugar, and Oat-meal Caudle: Nor is there need of any other things at all, that is, in the Di&s;tinct and gentle fort, if the Patient will but &s;uffer him&s;elf to be treated in this Method and with this Diet, both moderate.</P>
<P N="19"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>XIX. This indeed, though Men's ill grounded prejudice cry out upon it, is the true Method of curing this fort of Small Pox. And although I do not deny, but they, that have been treated with a quite contrary Regiment, have recovered, yet we mu&s;t acknowledge (though this di&s;tinct kind have no danger at all in them from their own Nature) that neverthele&s;s many dy; And many more al&s;o would yield to Fate, but that they are &s;aved, ei|ther by the cold Sea&s;on, wherein the Di&s;ea&s;e hap|pens, or by Blood-letting (otherwi&s;e unnece&s;&s;a|ry and u&s;ele&s;s) lately celebrated. Upon which account, if either the ob&s;tinacie of Friends, or diffidence of the Patient hinder the afore&s;aid Re|giment, I reckon it &s;afe&s;t to let Blood: Which indeed, though of it &s;elf it do hurt (ina&s;much, that is, as it di&s;turbs and confounds Separation, and moreover &s;ub&s;tracts the &s;u&s;tenance de&s;igned to keep up the Pu&s;tules and Swelling) yet it makes compen&s;ation for the hot Regiment, which will follow within a while, and therefore ren|ders this Method, which we would not u&s;e but again&s;t our will,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> not &s;o dangerous and doubt|full.</P>
<P N="20">XX. It appears from what has been &s;aid, why &s;o few of the common People dy of this Di&s;ea&s;e, compared with the rich that are killed by it: Which indeed can &s;carce be a&s;cribed to any other cau&s;e, then that becau&s;e of their Poverty and Country way of Living, they have &s;carce Power to hurt them&s;elves by a more accurate and deli|cate Regiment.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>199.</HI></NOTE> &para; <HI>In the year</HI> 1680. <HI>the Small Pox were Epidemical at</HI> Geneva <HI>in the Winter. There died to the beginning of the Month of</HI> January, 1681. <HI>Young and Old, an hundred and eleven, In the Ho&s;pital forty Boys had them, and only one or two died. Although I would not at all detract from the Phy&s;ician's Skill, yet I adhere rather to the former rea&s;on, for that they were committed to Na|ture, ob&s;erving no accurate cour&s;e, only taking a Decoction of Harts-horn and Lentils. I had &s;ome under my Care, whom I &s;aved by the benefit of the fore&s;aid Method.</HI></P>
<P N="21">XXI. But this Di&s;ea&s;e has killed more of the common People, &s;ince they learned the u&s;e of <HI>Mi|thridate, Dia&s;cordium,</HI> Decoction of Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> than in Ages more unlearned indeed, but far wi&s;er: for now there is not a Hou&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenham.</HI> ubi prius. p. <HI>200.</HI></NOTE> where there is not &s;ome one fooli&s;h, pragmatical Woman or o|ther, which practi&s;es that Art, to Man's de&s;truction, which &s;he never learned.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. But if the Small Pox Flux, the ca&s;e is ha|zardous: for I reckon, this &s;ort is no le&s;s different from the other, than the Plague is from this, al|though among the Vulgar, who take Names and Words for Things, the Cure of both is &s;aid to be alike. In this &s;ort of Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ince it is the product of a more inten&s;e inflammation of the Blood, grea|ter care al&s;o mu&s;t be taken, that the Patient be not heated. But although this &s;ort in its own Nature require greater cooling than the other; yet, to promote the &s;welling of the Face and Hands (without which the Patient is lo&s;t) and the ri|&s;ing and increa&s;e of the Pu&s;tules, and becau&s;e the Patient, by rea&s;on of his painful Exulcerations, cannot keep up from his Bed, it is expedient that he keep both him&s;elf and his Hands in it, &s;o he have not too many Clothes, and have but the li|berty of turning his Body to any part of the Bed, as he plea&s;e, as we mentioned in the di&s;tinct kind: E&s;pecially toward the latter end of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when the Fever of Maturation is at hand, the Pa|tient may not only not be deprived of this Liberty, but he mu&s;t be put in mind to u&s;e it, and he mu&s;t be turned night and day frequently, that the great Heat may be qualified, and Sweats may be avoided,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>200.</HI></NOTE> by which the gentle Humor is carried off, wherewith the Small Pox, &s;hould be diluted, that they may grow Mild.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. If a Salivation come upon this Di&s;ea&s;e (as it is often ob&s;erved to happen in grown Per&s;ons after a hot Regiment and Cordials) we may hope well. Many certainly, who have been &s;o handled, a&s;cribe their Health to this Symptome: For the Di&s;ea&s;e being diverted from the natural way, by which it tried to purge it &s;elf, attempts this new one, by Salivation; and therefore thence for|ward le&s;s care need be taken for the Pu&s;tules, but
<PB N="605" REF="268"> Spitting mu&s;t chiefly be regarded, and we mu&s;t take care, that it proceed in a laudable manner. You mu&s;t al&s;o have a care, that you do not any way hin|der or di&s;turb Salivation. Wherefore ab&s;tain from Gargari&s;ms, upon what pretence &s;oever; by u&s;ing of which I have ob&s;erved &s;ometimes that Death has been cau&s;ed, while they hindred the Spittle, that would otherwi&s;e have pa&s;&s;ed. I would here only u&s;e &s;mall Beer a little warm, with which, if need were,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the Patient's Mouth may be wa&s;hed.</P>
<P>And &s;eeing Salivation con&s;tantly accompanies this &s;ort, which &s;ince it is one of Nature's princi|pal evacuations, and &s;erves in&s;tead of that which ought to have been made by Pu&s;tules (which evacuation indeed by Pu&s;tules in this low and de|pre&s;&s;ed &s;ort proceeds not &s;o well as in the other) we mu&s;t earne&s;tly endeavour, that the &s;aid Saliva|tion may continue and be kept up in its vigour, and not be &s;topt before its time, either by the u&s;e of hot Medicines, or by keeping the Patient from drinking &s;mall Beer, or &s;ome &s;uch other Liquor. Now &s;ince the manner of Salivation according to Nature is, to begin with the fir&s;t coming of them out, and to abate on the eleventh day, but not to give over altogether as yet for a day or two; if it wholly cea&s;e before that day, the Patient's ca&s;e is dangerous. For &s;eeing the Swelling of the Face (by which a little of the Morbifick matter is eva|cuated) does ever di&s;appear on that day, if Saliva|tion al&s;o withdraw it &s;elf at the &s;ame time, the Patient is infected with the Variolous matter, which now putrefies, as with Poy&s;on: And &s;eeing now there is no part more, by which it may be evacua|ted, he is at death's door; unle&s;s perhaps (as &s;ome|times it falls out) the &s;welling of the Hands, which as it &s;hows it &s;elf later than that of the Face, &s;o it goes away more &s;lowly, be of that moment, as to &s;ave him from the Gates of Death. Salivation, which is here &s;o valuable and &s;o nece&s;&s;ary, is very much promoted, if the Patient have &s;tore of &s;mall Beer given him, or &s;ome &s;uch other Liquor, as may neither heat him,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> nor provoke him to &s;weat.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Be&s;ides, that this violent ebullition of the Blood may be quieted, wherein this &s;ort of Small Pox far exceeds the other, and that Salivation may be kept up (to wit, the nece&s;&s;ary evacuation of this Di&s;ea&s;e) Narcoticks are convenient above all other things whatever: Which, for the incra&s;&s;a|ting virtue that is in them, though they may &s;eem to hinder the bringing up of Phlegm, yet I have long &s;ince quit my &s;elf of that prejudice, and have made u&s;e of them in this Di&s;ea&s;e, the &s;ucce&s;s ever an&s;wering, &s;o the Patient were beyond pube&s;cencie: For &s;ince the Blood of Infants and Children does ferment more gently, it wants no &s;uch cooler, and moreover a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which nature has appointed to be an evacuation for Children in this &s;ort of Di&s;ea&s;e, is by the u&s;e of them &s;topt, to the Pati|ent's damage. But Paregoricks, if they be frequent|ly u&s;ed, bring the&s;e advantages with them. 1. By heating moderately they re&s;train and prevent the too violent ebullition of the Blood, and thereby a Phren&s;y. 2. By the u&s;e of them, the Swelling of the Face and Hands, which nature has as a chief evacuation in this Di&s;ea&s;e, comes on the better. 3. The Swelling by means of Narcoticks is kept up and protracted to Nature's due term, which conduces much to the Patient's &s;afety, &s;eeing often|times the &s;welling of the Face falls &s;ooner, to the endangering of the Patient: For when the heat of the Blood is qualified, the inflamed particles are opportunely carried to the Hands, Face and all the &s;uperficies of the Body, according to the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e. And then Salivation is promoted by them, which though it may be &s;topt in &s;ome for a few hours, by virtue of &s;o &s;trong an incra&s;&s;ating Medicine, yet &s;trength being pre&s;ently encrea&s;ed by this new Aid, Nature rowzes her &s;elf, and fi|ni&s;hes what &s;he begun, with &s;ucce&s;s. Nay, I have ob&s;erved, that Salivation, which u&s;ually abates a|bout the 11^t^h day; and &s;ometimes &s;ooner, to the Patient's great hazard, has upon giving Parego|ricks more than once been renewed afre&s;h, and has not cea&s;ed before the fourteenth day and &s;ome|times after it. I u&s;ually give either about 14 drops of Liquid <HI>Laudanum,</HI> or 6 drachms or 1 ounce of <HI>Syrupus de Meconio,</HI> in Cow&s;lip water or &s;ome &s;uch de&s;tilled water; Which if they be given to grown Per&s;ons, after the Small Pox are all come out, eve|ry Night till the end of the Di&s;ea&s;e; I have found by experience, that not only no inconvenience, but great benefit will accrew to them from thence. But it is expedient, as I think, to give the Parego|rick a little &s;ooner than otherwi&s;e is u&s;ual; for you may ea&s;ily ob&s;erve, that in the wor&s;t Small Pox the Paroxy&s;m of heat, as I may call it, does u&s;ually torment the Patient with re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s and other Symptomes;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>303.</HI></NOTE> which if the Paregorick be taken about 6 or 7 a Clock in the Evening, may be in &s;ome mea&s;ure prevented.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Moreover, &s;ince in the Confluent Small Pox a Loo&s;ne&s;s does as certainly follow Children, as Salivation does the adult; Nature alwayes ap|pointing one or the other of the&s;e evacuations, to carry off the Morbifick matter; as on the one hand I never give a check to Salivation, &s;o on the other I do it not to a Loo&s;ne&s;s, &s;ince both are equally ab&s;urd. The ill be&s;towed pains of &s;everal imprudent Go&s;&s;ips, has murthered many Thou&s;ands of Infants, while they fal&s;ely reckon with them|&s;elves, that a Loo&s;ne&s;s is as dangerous in this &s;ort of Small Pox, as in the other that is di&s;tinct; Not knowing, that in the di&s;tinct a Loo&s;ne&s;s does hurt, where evacuation is made by the Pu&s;tules, but that here it is Nature's work, &s;eeking a pa&s;s for the Di&s;ea&s;e. Letting alone therefore the Loo&s;ne&s;s, <GAP DESC="foreign">, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his rule, <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>(and we mu&s;t work with Nature)</HI> I proceed as I begun, and advi&s;e them to lay the Children &s;ometimes in the Cradle, &s;ometimes to take them up; and,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>204.</HI></NOTE> if they be weaned, I order them the &s;ame Diet; as I did grown Per&s;ons before.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. If in the di&s;tinct kind, by rea&s;on of an over hot regiment, and continual Sweat, the Face do not &s;well (Pu&s;tules in the mean time appearing very thick) but be flaccid, and the inter&s;tices of the Pu&s;tules be pale; in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e I would do my utmo&s;t for a more temperate regiment, and to check the fury of the Blood, I immediately or|der &s;ome Paregorick to be given: Which indeed (unle&s;s the Brain be over heated) by gently cau&s;ing Sleep, and thereby checking the Head-&s;trong rage of the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>206.</HI></NOTE> it &s;ea&s;onably determines the Blood together with heat to the Face, as the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e requires.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. But if the mi&s;chief coming from this cau&s;e proceed &s;o far, as that Sweat, which hither|to ran plentifully, does cea&s;e of it &s;elf, if the Pati|ent fall into a Phrenzy, make little water and often (becau&s;e death is at hand) I think the Patient can be relieved by no othar means, then by taking away a great quantity of Blood from his Arm, and expo&s;ing his Body to the open Air. And indeed, what I have now propo&s;ed, &s;eems not &s;o ra&s;h and unrea&s;onable, if we con&s;ider, how &s;ome have got out of death's Iron hands, by Bleeding plentifully at the No&s;e. This moreover is to be con&s;idered, that in this extream Agony, they are not in dan|ger of death, becau&s;e the Pu&s;tules go in (for they are out and very red, when the Patient is at his la&s;t ga&s;p) but becau&s;e the Face does not &s;well. Now to promote this &s;welling of the Face, what|ever it is, that conduces to temper the Blood (and I &s;uppo&s;e none will deny, that Bleeding and mode|rate refrigeration has this virtue) it mu&s;t of nece&s;|&s;ity do good, as well as the u&s;e of Paregoricks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>208.</HI></NOTE> and for the very &s;ame rea&s;ons.</P>
<P N="28"><PB N="606" REF="269">XXVIII. I would not have this under&s;tood, as if in every Phren&s;y, coming in the Small Pox (&s;ince no one Symptome is more frequent than this) I would advi&s;e Bleeding immediately; but in that only, which therefore comes, becau&s;e the Face does not &s;well, that is, in the Di&s;tinct kind, and where Pu&s;tles appear plentifully enough: Or, when by rea&s;on of a very hot regiment, and u&s;e of Cordials, the Blood is &s;o fierce, and above all mea&s;ure exalt|ed, that it will not give time, till it may be re|duced to a due temper by paregorick Medicines, and others conducing to the &s;ame. When the ca&s;e &s;tands thus, the Phy&s;ician, governing him&s;elf rather by con&s;cience, than by incertain fame, ought ei|ther to take away Blood, as is &s;aid before, or or|der his Patient to be refre&s;hed with the open Air: To effect which, it &s;eems &s;ufficient to me, that the Patient ri&s;e a little while from his Bed, by which means I have &s;aved &s;everal from death. Be&s;ides the&s;e things which I have &s;een with my own Eyes, there are innumerable in&s;tances of Men, who by the&s;e means have been delivered from the jaws of Death. For &s;ome Phreneticks having e&s;caped their Nur&s;es guard (and men &s;o affected u&s;e wonderful &s;hifts) have got out of their Bed, and been expo|&s;ed to the cold of the Air, in the Night. Others either by &s;tealth, or by &s;natching, or by entreaty, have got cold water of their Nur&s;e, and drunk it, and &s;o by a happy mi&s;take have obtained their health, which was de&s;paired of. Here I &s;hall pro|duce one &s;tory, which I had from his own Mouth, who&s;e the tran&s;action was. Which is this; This young man in the flower of his Age went to <HI>Bri&s;tol,</HI> was taken there with the Small Pox, and a little after them with a Phren&s;y. The Nur&s;e having oc|ca&s;ion to go into the City, left the &s;ick Man to o|ther folks care, till &s;he came again pre&s;ently. But while &s;he tarried a little longer, the &s;ick man (as the by-&s;tanders thought) in the mean time dies. The by-&s;tanders, con&s;idering both the time of the year, and the habit of his Body, which was gro&s;s and corpulent, that the Body might not &s;tink, they lift it out of Bed, and lay it naked on the Table, throwing a Sheet over it; The Nur&s;e at length coming back, and hearing the &s;ad news, enters the Room to behold the &s;ad Spectacle; &s;he pre&s;ently threw off the Sheet, and looked on his Face, and &s;he thought &s;he di&s;cerned &s;ome ob&s;cure &s;igns of Life,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem: p. <HI>209.</HI></NOTE> therefore &s;he pre&s;ently laid him in Bed again. And the man recovered in a few dayes.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. If in the confluent Small Pox the Spittle be &s;o baked and tough by the preceeding heat, that the Patient be almo&s;t &s;trangled (which is not u&s;ual on the eleventh day) a Gargari&s;m mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be u&s;ed, and order mu&s;t be given to Sy|ringe the Throat often with it Night and Day. Let it be made either of Small Beer, or Barley water with Honey of Ro&s;es. But if the Patient have been treated as he ought, Salivation, even when it begins to abate, will do its office &s;o well, that there will be no need of this Remedy. And truly, when it is come to this, that the Patient is in dan|ger of being choaked every moment, quite dulled, and his Breath almo&s;t gone, we cannot &s;afely tru&s;t this Remedy. When the Patient is thus at his la&s;t ca&s;t, I have &s;ometimes very &s;ea&s;onably and &s;ucce&s;s|fully given a Vomit of Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> but in &s;omething a larger do&s;e, to wit, 1 ounce and an half, becau&s;e, by rea&s;on of the extraordina|ry &s;tupidity, which the Patient labours under, a le&s;s do&s;e will not work at all, and in the mean time, by di&s;turbing the Humours, which it cannot carry off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m. p. <HI>210.</HI></NOTE> will put the Patient in great danger of his Life.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. By this &s;ame tempering of the Blood I have &s;een purple &s;pots removed: but neither by this nor any other Method could I ever &s;ee either pi&s;&s;ing of Blood or a violent eruption of it from the Lungs &s;topt as yet: but both the&s;e Haemorrhagies, as far as I could hitherto ob&s;erve,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>211.</HI></NOTE> do undoubtedly pre&s;age death.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. In &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, which &s;ometimes takes the younger and brisker &s;ort (from the great confu&s;ion, to wit, and di&s;order of the Spirits, which &s;erve for the voiding of it, by rea&s;on the Blood and Humours are di&s;turbed with too great heat) I have taken all the tribes of Diureticks to my a&s;&s;i|&s;tance, but nothing &s;ucceeded &s;o well with me, as to take the Patient out of his Bed, who being &s;up|ported by &s;ome that were by,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE> when he had walk|ed twice or thrice cro&s;s the Room, pre&s;ently made &s;tore of Urine, to his great relief.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. But the Symptomes, which proceed from repercu&s;&s;ion of the Variolous matter by external cold, or evacuation unduly made, they mu&s;t be re|moved by the u&s;e of Cordials, and a regiment con|formable; which yet mu&s;t not be continued be|yond the time that the Symptomes continue; The chief of them are depre&s;&s;ion or falling in of the Pu|&s;tules, and a Loo&s;ne&s;s in the di&s;tinct Small Pox: For in the Confluent neither does the depre&s;&s;ion of the Pu&s;tules forebode any ill, becau&s;e it is the na|ture of the Di&s;ea&s;e; Nor a Loo&s;ne&s;s in Children that are &s;ick of them, becau&s;e it cau&s;es health and no danger. In both the&s;e ca&s;es a Cordial Potion of &s;ome proper de&s;tilled waters, with <HI>Dia&s;cordium, Laudanum liquidum, &amp;c.</HI> may very well be given, and that not only to remove the fore&s;aid Symptomes, but at any time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, if the Patient com|plain of a pain at his Heart, and &s;ickne&s;s. And in|deed I think, the redne&s;s, which is &s;o much upon the often &s;triking in of the Pu&s;tules, ari&s;es hence, becau&s;e they who have ob&s;erved the depre&s;&s;ion of them in the Confluent &s;ort, have taken it for a re|ce&s;s of the Variolous matter upon taking cold, when it is nothing but the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e: And they &s;u&s;pect the &s;ame in the di&s;tinct kind, becau&s;e, to wit, they expect the coming out and increa&s;e of the Pu&s;tules before their time;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>212.</HI></NOTE> whereas they have not taken notice of the time, when Nature u&s;es to bring this fruit to maturity.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. When the Patient is upon recovery, and the Pu&s;tules are falling, when the Patient has eaten Fle&s;h a few dayes, namely about the 21th day, I reckon he may be bled in the Arm, if the Di&s;ea&s;e have been violent; &s;ince the Inflamma|tion, which the Small Pox has impre&s;&s;ed on the Blood, whether the Patient be old or young, does no le&s;s indicate Blood-letting, than the filth, which has then been gathered, does purging: which is evident enough, both from the colour of the Blood, which, when taken after a violent Small Pox, is like that of Pleuriticks; and al&s;o from tho&s;e great In|flammations, which after this Di&s;ea&s;e fall upon the Eyes; and al&s;o from other dire effects of Blood over heated and depraved by this Di&s;ea&s;e. Which is the rea&s;on, that they who lived very well in health all their time before, do all the re&s;t of their Life after conflict with hot and &s;harp Humours, falling upon the Lungs or on &s;ome other part. But if the Pu&s;tules be few,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>213.</HI></NOTE> there will be no need of Bleeding. After Bleeding I give two or three Purges.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. The Epidemick Mea&s;les which came in the year 1670, and they that were abroad in the year 1674. introduced black Small Pox, who&s;e Pu&s;tules were as black as &s;oot, that is, when they fluxed, and the Patient died not, till they came to maturity, for before they were ripe, they were only of a brown colour. Moreover the Pu&s;tules were very &s;mall, if they were numerous (for when they were but few, they were not le&s;s than in o|ther kinds of Small Pox; and very &s;eldom Black.) A great Putrefaction was latent in both, of a thick and incoctil nature. When they were ripe they &s;melled very ill, &s;o that when People were very bad of them, a man could not come near them for &s;tench. They fini&s;hed their cour&s;e &s;lowly, and
<PB N="607" REF="269"> &s;tuck longer on, than any that I ever yet &s;aw. This is worth ob&s;ervation, that how much more gentle the Di&s;ea&s;e is, &s;o much the &s;ooner the Pu&s;tules ri|pen, and the Di&s;ea&s;e comes to an end. So in the regular &s;ort of Confluent Small Pox, which came in the year 1667. the 11^t^h day was the mo&s;t dan|gerous, which once over, there was no further fear u&s;ually of the Patient. In the irregular &s;ort of the Confluent next following, which came in the beginning of the year 1670, the Patient was in greate&s;t danger on the 14^t^h or at furthe&s;t the 17^t^h day, which if the Patient got over, he was &s;afe: But in this &s;ort of Confluent Small Pox the Patient died even after the 20^t^h day. And &s;ometimes, if he did recover, not only his Legs &s;welled (which indeed is u&s;ual with &s;ome in the Confluent Small Pox) but his Arms moreover, Shoulders, Thighs and other parts; which Swellings begun the Tra|gedy with intolerable pain, ju&s;t like that of Rheu|matick Per&s;ons, afterwards they often &s;uppurated, and ended in great <HI>Sinu&s;es</HI> and Impo&s;thumes of the Mu&s;cular parts.</P>
<P>And the&s;e Small Pox &s;eem to me a new kind, a|ri&s;ing out of the former, then grown old. Al|though the Black Small Pox, which in the begin|ning of the year 1670 fir&s;t &s;howed them&s;elves, ac|cording to the di&s;po&s;ition of the Air, which made it Epidemical, did go on towards the height, yet like the relap&s;e of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e, the old matter fer|menting again, the Air which inclined to the pro|duction of the Small Pox, drew them out of their old &s;tore: which Di&s;ea&s;e indeed gathering &s;trength anew &s;eemed as it were to revive. And the&s;e were &s;o much the more irregular, and &s;howed &s;o much the more inten&s;e putrefaction, by how much the matter, of which they were bred, was more thick and faeculent.</P>
<P>As to the Cure, I have admired at the quite con|trary Indications, which this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eems to inti|mate to me. For on the one hand it was clear, that the Symptomes, which depend upon too great Inflammation, were immediately produced by a hot regiment, as a Fever, Phren&s;y, Purple Spots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which this Di&s;ea&s;e above all other is &s;ub|ject: And on the other hand an over cold regi|ment did hinder the Swelling of the Hands and Face, which is here very nece&s;&s;ary, and render the Pu&s;tules more flat. After I had much and often revolved the&s;e things anxiou&s;ly with my &s;elf, I at length under&s;tood that it was po&s;&s;ible to help both the&s;e inconveniences together at the &s;ame time: for by allowing the liberal u&s;e of water boyled with Milk, of &s;mall Beer, or of &s;ome &s;uch other Liquor, it was in my power to check the inter|nal rage of the blood: and on the other hand by keeping the Patient con&s;tantly in bed, not putting out &s;o much as an Arm, I could by the gentle heat thereof promote the elevation of the Pu&s;tules, and the &s;welling of the face and hands. Nor is this Method incon&s;i&s;tent with it &s;elf, for the blood, when the eruption is at an end, is reckoned to have di&s;charged the inflamed Particles into the ha|bit of the Body, and not then to want provoca|tives to a further &s;ecretion of the matter: &s;o that &s;ince then the whole &s;tre&s;s of the bu&s;ine&s;s lies in the habit of the Body, and in ripening the Ab&s;ce&s;|&s;es, we mu&s;t only take care on the &s;core of the blood, that it may be pre&s;erved from hot Va|pours, &s;truck in from the fle&s;h be&s;et with Pu&s;tles, and on the &s;core of the Pu&s;tles, that they may be brought to maturity, by the gentle heat of the external parts. But then, how happily &s;oever this Method of mine had &s;ucceeded in other Confluent &s;mall Pox, yet in the&s;e of this Con&s;titu|tion my Method failed me: &s;o that mo&s;t of the&s;e, that were very ill of them, died, whether they u&s;ed the Method now recommended by me, or a hot|ter Regiment and Cordials. Therefore I fully under&s;tood, that &s;omething was yet wanting be&s;ide the&s;e things, which might conduce either to the checking of ebullition of the Blood, or to rai&s;e the Pu&s;tules, and the Swelling of the Face and Hands; that is, that &s;omething was wanting, which might be &s;ufficient to conquer an inten&s;e Putrefaction, which was ob&s;erved to be higher in the&s;e than in any other. At la&s;t Spirit of Vitriol came into my mind, which I thought might &s;atisfie both intenti|ons, both the re&s;i&s;ting of putrefaction, and &s;tilling the rage of the Blood. Wherefore leaving the Pa|tient to him&s;elf, till both his pain and inclination to Vomit, which u&s;e to go before eruption, were cea&s;ed, and all the Small Pox were come out, at length on the 5^t^h or 6^t^h day I ordered Spirit of Vitriol to be dropt into &s;mall Beer, to a moderate acidity, for his ordinary drink, to drink his plea|&s;ure; but more freely, when the Fever of matu|ration was at hand, which drink I ordered him to take every day till he was perfectly recovered. This Spirit, as if it had been Specifick for this Di&s;|ea&s;e, did check all Symptomes, to a miracle: The Face &s;welled &s;ooner and far higher: The inter&s;ti|ces of the Small Pox inclined more to a red colour like a Damask Ro&s;e: The &s;mall Pu&s;tules grew great, at lea&s;t as big as that &s;ort would bear: The Pu&s;tules al&s;o, which otherwi&s;e had appeared to be black did here di&s;charge a certain yellow matter, re&s;embling an Honey-comb: Then the Face was in&s;tead of black tinged with a deep brown colour: They ripened &s;ooner, and run through all the other times &s;ooner by a day or two. And all the&s;e things came to pa&s;s, if they drank freely of the fore&s;aid Liquor: Wherefore whenever I ob&s;erved that the Patient refu&s;ed to take a quantity &s;ufficient to con|quer his Symptomes, I gave him now and then this Spirit mixt either with &s;ome Syrup in a &s;poon, or with Syrup and di&s;tilled water added to it, that the more &s;paring u&s;e of this Liquor might be com|pen&s;ated. I have reckoned up the divers conve|niences, of this Medicine, Inconvenience indeed, I could never yet ob&s;erve any the lea&s;t ari&s;e from it: for although Salivation be u&s;ually &s;topt on the 11^t^h or 15^t^h day by it, in&s;tead whereof &s;ome &s;tools about that time do &s;erve, yet the Patient will be le&s;s en|dangered by the&s;e, than by it: becau&s;e they that are &s;ick of the Confluent Small Pox, are chiefly in danger, becau&s;e in the&s;e dayes the Spittle being made vi&s;cid, choaks a Man, which indeed a loo&s;ne&s;s in this ca&s;e helps, which will either cea&s;e of &s;elf, or at lea&s;t, when there is no danger from the &s;mall Pox, it may be &s;topt by drinking Milk and Water, and by taking of Narcoticks.</P>
<P>In the mean time the Patient being laid in his Bed, and his Arms covered, I would not &s;uffer him to have more Clothes on him than ordinary, I al|lowed him al&s;o to move him&s;elf from one part of the Bed to the other, as he plea&s;ed, to prevent Sweats, to which he was much inclined, notwith|&s;tanding this Remedy, in the mean time he lived upon Oat-meal and Barly grewel, and &s;ometimes a roa&s;ted Apple. Towards the latter end, if either the Patient were faint, or &s;ick at his Stomach, I in|dulged him 3 or 4 &s;poonfuls of <HI>Canary</HI> Wine. And after the 5^t^h or 6^t^h day, I ordered him being a grown Per&s;on (for Children had no need of it) a Paregorick draught to be taken every Evening be|times, that is 14 drops of liquid <HI>Laudanum</HI> in Cow|&s;lip water. On the 14^t^h day I &s;uffered the Patient to ri&s;e from his Bed, on the 21^t^h I got him let Blood; and then I purged him twice or thrice; which being done, the Patient's Face looked better and of a more lively colour, than theirs u&s;ed to do, whom this Di&s;ea&s;e had handled ill. Be&s;ides, the method here recommended does not &s;uffer the Face to be disfigured with Scars,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE> which proceed from hot and enraged Humours eroding the Skin.</P>
<P N="35"><PB N="608" REF="270">XXXV. The Small Pox mu&s;t not be neglected, but an exact account mu&s;t be taken of them, and a &s;ollicitous cure mu&s;t be in&s;i&s;ted on. Fir&s;t, when they are Epidemical, and one or more Children are taken with them in the &s;ame Hou&s;e, and there are more yet, that have not had them, and indeed for prevention &s;ake from &s;o grievous and difficult a Di&s;ea&s;e. 2. Upon the account of them, in whom, while the Fever is urgent, the Humour that pro|duces the Small Pox is moved up and down the Body with the Blood. 3. When Spots and Pu&s;tu|les are come out all the Body over, and they be|gin to be inflamed, and to ha&s;ten to &s;uppuration. 4. When the &s;ame Small Pox are in &s;uppuration or cea&s;e to &s;uppurate. 5. When &s;igns remain of a Humour that produces the Small Pox, not &s;uffici|ently expelled, and changed into Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, and &s;o remaining in the Body, and threatning new Mi&s;|chief. 6. And la&s;tly upon account of other grie|vous Symptomes attending them, as an Inflammati|on in one or both Eyes, or of the Small Pox ob|&s;erved in the Eyes, difficult Breathing, and a Cough both dry and moi&s;t, and Tumours and Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es in divers parts of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> e&s;pecially in the Limbs.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. We mu&s;t do our endeavour, if any Hu|mours be found in Children to offend either in quality or quantity, that the &s;ame be altered and corrected by gentle Medicines, or al&s;o abated and carried off, to the end that if the Small Pox come, they may give the le&s;s trouble, and be the more ea&s;ily overcome. The&s;e Medicines both alterative and purgative, according to the diver&s;ity of Hu|mours mu&s;t be divers and grateful, that Children may more ea&s;ily take them: for it is good for Chil|dren to continue in the u&s;e of them for a pretty while: for by this means it comes to pa&s;s, that the gentle and kindly Small Pox, which then ap|pear, become yet more kindly, and ea&s;ie to be cured. And as &s;oon as Children have any Fever, or Head-ach, Cough, Vomiting or Loo&s;ne&s;s, whether others are &s;ick of it in the &s;ame Hou&s;e, or they are ob&s;erved to be Epidemical only in other places, the prudent Phy&s;ician mu&s;t diligently ob&s;erve, what Humours then chiefly offend, and which way they incline, whether to Vomit, or Stool, or Sweat, to the end Medicines proper for each may be pre|&s;cribed, and that their motion, and u&s;eful evacua|tion being ob&s;erved, may be promoted. For we mu&s;t take care, that if Blood abound in any, who can bear Bleeding, it be in&s;i&s;ted on immediately. Nor mu&s;t we &s;top here, but rather if the Patient's Di&s;ea&s;e, and his Fever e&s;pecially will bear it, not only the &s;ame day, but an hour &s;ometimes after Bleeding, either a Vomit, or Purge, or Sweat may be given, whenever an inclination to Vomit, or to go to Stool, or a di&s;turbance of the Belly, or Sweat, per&s;wade what &s;hould be done; to the end that part of the peccant Humour, which would after|ward &s;tick in the <HI>Superficies</HI> of the Body, and cau&s;e the Small Pox, may be wholly expelled from the Body, and therefore of nece&s;&s;ity the Small Pox mu&s;t be rendred more kindly and few. Among Medicines to be then u&s;ed, from experience I com|mend Antimonials above all other things, both be|cau&s;e they have an excellent virtue in clean&s;ing the Blood from any noxious Humour; and becau&s;e oftentimes they can &s;atisfie &s;everal Indications, and according to the occa&s;ion and de&s;ired operation, they can di&s;charge the noxious Humours by &s;eve|ral wayes. Nor is it &s;ufficient to give them once, &s;ometimes we mu&s;t repeat the &s;ame for &s;everal dayes, till as well the Fever as the other Symp|tomes be removed, or at lea&s;t notably abated, up|on which the Small Pox u&s;e not only to be far few|er, but much more kindly, nay oftentimes I have ob&s;erved in my Patients the Small Pox voided by Stool,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> to their great relief.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Whoever would cure the Small Pox and Mea&s;les in a true and &s;ecure method, it is ne|ce&s;&s;ary, that he diligently ob&s;erve and di&s;tingui&s;h three e&s;pecial times of the Small Pox: The fir&s;t of Ebullition: The &s;econd of Apparition: The third of Suppuration. In the time of Ebullition it is dangerous to trouble the Patient with powders of Bezoar alone, and other hot Alexipharmacks, ex|cept they be very temperate and a little A&s;trin|gent; to this end indeed, that the Ma&s;s of Blood may not be too much di&s;turbed, nor all of it &s;o &s;oon infected with the ba&s;e contagion, whereby Nature is forced to the Battel before her time, and vanqui&s;hed. I know be&s;ides, that mo&s;t dangerous Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es, u&s;ually mortal in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, have followed &s;uch un&s;ea&s;onable di&s;turbing of the Hu|mours. I know, that the Humours are &s;o &s;harp|ned with &s;uch hot things (e&s;pecially if they were thin before) that being rendred more biting, they have cau&s;ed a great Itch in the coming out of the Small Pox; &s;o that upon the lea&s;t rubbing the Skin would come off and bleed, not without an of|fen&s;ive &s;mell, which gave no vain pre&s;ages of ill luck, to the Phy&s;icians there pre&s;ent, and the e|vent a little after &s;hewed that the&s;e things were the <HI>praeludia</HI> of a following Gangrene, livid and pur|ple Spots following upon the 9^t^h day of the Di&s;|ea&s;e. Wherefore <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;aid well <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>f.</HI> 3. <HI>tract.</HI> 4. <HI>cap.</HI> 6. that black and ulcerous Pu&s;tules appear|ing in Children were mortal; Becau&s;e the turge&s;|cence of the fermenting Blood is &s;ometime &s;o great, that it is not only carried as it were in a rage to all the parts, but an exceeding contagious poy&s;on does al&s;o thence ari&s;e. So <HI>Philip Salmuth cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 35. and others, have &s;een fatal ab&s;ce&s;&s;es in the Small Pox upon the Limbs. For, &s;ayes he, when the Ebullition is to great, and very violent, it makes the Blood in a manner mad, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;peakes, then it moves from place to place, and gets e&s;pe|cially into the Limbs, as the more Bloodle&s;s, and therefore weaker parts: The &s;ame <HI>Phil. Salmuth cent.</HI> 2. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 50. has ob&s;erved that &s;ucking Children, taken with the Small Pox, have been the cau&s;e of their Mothers having very Malignant Ulcers in their Brea&s;ts. At the time of Apparition we may more &s;afely u&s;e drivers out, e&s;pecially if Nature &s;eem &s;low. Frequently, where there is no need of &s;trong expul&s;ion, I am content with &s;ome comfortable Alexipharmack water, of which I give now and then 2 or 3 &s;poonfuls, and often in a day, that Pu|trefaction may by little and little be re&s;i&s;ted, and that Nature &s;ucce&s;&s;ively a&s;&s;i&s;ted may be &s;trength|ned, for example; Take of water of <HI>Scorzonera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;cus Ignatius Thiermair. <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 4.</NOTE> Fu|mitory, Borage, <HI>&egrave; toto Citri</HI> each 1 ounce, add about 1 drachm of &s;ome Cordial powders with <HI>manus Chri|&s;ti perlata.</HI></P>
<P>Since the Cour&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e has three times, which are as &s;o many di&s;tinct Goals, the curative intentions &s;hould be accommodated to each of the&s;e. As to the fir&s;t, that is, of Ebullition, the Intention is, that all impediments may be removed from nature, to the end the Blood, infected with the ferment of the Small Pox, and apt to be coa|gulated, may &s;till keep an equable motion in the Heart and Ve&s;&s;els, without &s;tagnation; and while it ferments, may expel the congealed portions with the Venome. In the mean time our care mu&s;t be, that the work of Fermentation or Efferve&s;cence may no way be hindred, or too much put forward: for by this the ma&s;s of Blood is put more than it &s;hould into congealed portions; by the former it is re&s;trained too much in its motion, and the Poy|&s;onous particles with the congealed Blood, are not thrown off. Nature is u&s;ually hindred in the work of Secretion and Expul&s;ion, by too great a ma&s;s of Humours in the Bowels, or abundance of Blood in the Ve&s;&s;els: Wherefore at the very fir&s;t coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t do our endeavour,
<PB N="609" REF="270"> that Evacuation may be &s;ea&s;onably procured by vomit or &s;tool, if there &s;hall be need: therefore we mu&s;t u&s;e gentle Medicines only, which may not irritate or di&s;turb the Humors: Bleeding al&s;o may be celebrated with good &s;ucce&s;s, if there be a <HI>Plethora.</HI> In the mean time a thin and moderately cooling Diet may be u&s;ed, as Barly grewel, Oat-meal Caudle, &s;mall Beer and the like. Fle&s;h and Broth made of it mu&s;t be avoided, by &s;uch who&s;e Blood is more inflamed than it &s;hould, by rea&s;on of abundance of &s;ulphureous Fewel: All cold and acid Things do harm, for they congeal the Blood more, and by their a&s;triction contract the Mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els, &s;o that the Small Pox cannot come out freely: Al&s;o hot Things and Cordials mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly u&s;ed; for the Blood and Humors are too much di&s;turbed by the&s;e, and put into confu|&s;ion. As to the time of Apparition, we give 3 things, as a con&s;tant rule in charge to all that are &s;ick of them, namely, That a gentle and kindly tran&s;piration be &s;till continued in the Blood, and that the Throat and Eyes may be pre&s;erved from too great an Eruption of the Small Pox. Be&s;ides the&s;e, &s;ome other Symptomes are &s;ometimes trou|ble&s;ome, which mu&s;t be timely prevented with proper Remedies: Sometimes there is Watching, Phren&s;y, Bleeding, Vomiting, Loo&s;ne&s;s, &s;tri|king in of the Small Pox: A prudent Phy&s;ician knows how to take care of the&s;e and any other, as there &s;hall be occa&s;ion: In which neverthele&s;s there is need of great caution, le&s;t, while we take care of &s;mall things, the main work of Nature be interrupted with the trouble of too many Medi|cines; For all this time there is only one continu|ed <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> therefore nothing mu&s;t be lightly moved. The utmo&s;t diligence and circum&s;pection of the Phy&s;ician and attendants is requi&s;ite when this Di&s;ea&s;e is at the height, le&s;t the Small Pox being all come out, and at the fulle&s;t, might hinder Tran&s;piration; for then the Patients are in dan|ger of the return of the Fever, and of the re&s;tag|nation of the malignant Matter within; one whereof while we &s;tudy to prevent we often cau&s;e the other. 3. When the Di&s;ea&s;e is in its declen|&s;ion and the Small Pox begin to dye and grow cru|&s;ty, the danger is u&s;ually over, and the Phy&s;ician has not much to do. The &s;ick Party mu&s;t as yet be content, though he be very hungry, with a thin Diet, without Fle&s;h. If the Pu&s;tules be long in falling off, we u&s;e to ha&s;ten their fall with Li|niments and Epithemes, which prevents their pit|ting. When the Small Pox are gone, and the Pa|tient is able to ri&s;e and walk round his Chamber let the filth and excrementitious Matter, left in the Bowels and Blood, be carried off by a Purge twice or thrice repeated; and then he may be al|lowed to fare a little higher.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Whether the Small Pox and Mea&s;les may immediately in the beginning, and when they are yet but breeding, be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed with &s;afety to the Patient, &s;o as not to encrea&s;e or come to the height? Or, at lea&s;t, may they be &s;o pre|vented, as never to come? <HI>Augenius lib.</HI> 10. <HI>de febribus cap.</HI> 1. concludes this que&s;tion with a di&s;tinction af|firming, that pre&s;ervation from &s;ome Small Pox is &s;afe, from others not &s;afe. <Q>For, he &s;ayes, that Small Pox coming in a pe&s;tilential Con&s;ti|tution are &s;o pernicious that they kill all they take, therefore we ought to do our utmo&s;t, that they may not come. Nor truly do the&s;e come from a good <HI>cri&s;is</HI> of Nature, but from a pe&s;tilential Air, who&s;e great Malignity we may &s;ometimes hinder, and &s;ometimes qualify. But there can be no pre&s;ervation from a kindly Small Pox; nor if there could, were it &s;afe be|cau&s;e no Skill can amend the intrin&s;ick Pollu|tion contracted in the &s;olid Parts from the principle of our Nativity.</Q> Whence you may gather, that <HI>Augenius</HI> in this pre&s;ervation of his has re&s;pect rather to the pe&s;tilential Contagion and fatal Malignity of the Air, than to the Small Pox them&s;elves, as &s;uch, becau&s;e they cannot, nor ought not to be ab&s;olutely prevented: E&s;pecially becau&s;e as <HI>Fraca&s;torius l.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. contag. cap.</HI> 2. &s;hows well, and as all Phy&s;icians agree; This Ebullition is a kind of purification of the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thiermair, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 7 <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> wherein the Blood is defaecated by a certain <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> as it were, made by Nature.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Towards the latter end of la&s;t Autumn, at which time the Small Pox began, and continue up and down the Country to this very day, being called to a Boy about ten years old, who had been ill of a Fever with a violent Head-ache and &s;carce any other Symptome for two dayes, and &s;u&s;pect|ing a little what the Matter was, I adverti&s;ed his Parents of my Su&s;picion, who were of a contra|ry Opinion, imputing the matter to Worms, and they earne&s;tly entreated me to give him &s;omething for the Worms: and being tired out with their Importunity, I con&s;ented at length; yet I con&s;ide|red with my &s;elf, that I mu&s;t not ra&s;hly give a Me|dicine, which might increa&s;e the Fever, or &s;top the Small Pox: therefore having made a Pill of 10 grains of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> and a little Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, he took it in the Evening long after Meal, and the next day innumerable Pu&s;tles appeared, to the relief of the Patient Not long after a Girl &s;ix years old, being taken with a Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Bouchard <HI>Mi&s;c. curios. an.</HI> 1672. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 9.</NOTE> not very acute, but with convul&s;ive Motions and fre|quent reaching to Vomit, and being believed to be thus ill becau&s;e of Worms, which &s;he had lately voided; upon taking a few grains of the &s;aid <HI>Mercury</HI> in a Pill, &s;he voided abundance of Small Pox the next day, which I admired. &para; The mention of the Small Pox puts me in mind how commendable <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> is in the Small Pox: Perhaps as it is an enemy to Worms, &s;o to all animated Corrupti|on, as by the help and upon the credit of the Micro&s;cope, our modern Philo&s;ophers conclude in malignant Di&s;ea&s;es. I have ob&s;erved, that this Medi|cine, if it be given in the beginning of a &s;u&s;|pected Di&s;ea&s;e, has either perfectly pre&s;erved, although others in the &s;ame Hou&s;e were infected with the malignity of the Small Pox, or at lea&s;t freed them from an over abundant Eruption. My own Daughter 10 years old &s;eemed in danger of the Small Pox, her extreme Parts were Cold, and then &s;he was hot all over, her Head aked, &s;he rea|ched to Vomit, was griped in the Belly and had running Pains in her Limbs. Then by rea&s;on of her reaching, again&s;t the per&s;wa&s;ion of Phy&s;ici|ans, who abhorred Evacuaters, I gave her of <HI>Mer|curius dulcis</HI> 1 &s;cruple, with 4 grains of Scammony Sulphurate, &s;he went to &s;tool thrice, in the Eve|ning &s;he vomited violently, &s;he &s;lept quietly, and e&s;caped without the coming out of any Small Pox. A little after a Girl about 8 years old, ha|ving had the Small Pox here and there, before &s;he was well, was taken with the Head-ache, a pain in her Eyes and Back, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> So that all reckoned &s;he would have the true Small Pox:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sigi&s;mundus Gra&s;&s;ius. <HI>ibid. Obs.</HI> 56.</NOTE> Although I was not called at the beginning, yet I gave her the &s;ame Medicine, with &s;o much benefit that &s;he had but a very few.</P>
<P N="40">XL. When the fir&s;t Feaver is over, or at le&s;t well abated, and the Small Pox are come out, be they more or le&s;s, and the Symptomes preceeding and accompanying their coming out are almo&s;t re|moved, then it is good to u&s;e diaphoretick Anti|mony, <HI>Bezoarticum minerale,</HI> or any other Antimo|nial, that gently cau&s;es Sweat, to the end that what is yet mixt with the ma&s;s of Blood may all of it forthwith be driven out, not only to the <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the Body but partly al&s;o by the Pores thereof beyond it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> and &s;o out of the Body.</P>
<P N="41"><PB N="610" REF="271">XLI. The Cure mu&s;t be begun with letting of Blood, if the Blood &s;o abound, and the Patient's Age will bear it, and it mu&s;t be done &s;peedily. Yet if the Phy&s;ician be not called the fir&s;t day of the Di&s;ea&s;e, neverthele&s;s he may very well take away Blood before they come out, or while as yet a few do but appear, which time commonly u&s;es to extend to the fourth day, after being taken with a Fever. In which notwith&s;tanding diligent caution is nece&s;&s;ary: for if when the Pu&s;t|ules begin to come out, the diminution of the Fe|ver and abatement of the Symptomes do follow, it is better to leave the whole affair to Nature's good conduct, which is about &s;ufficiently to drive out all the morbifick Matter to the Skin; Then Blee|ding is not needfull, for Experience &s;hows us, that abundance of Children, that are &s;ick of kindly Small Pox, and not oppre&s;&s;ed with a <HI>Plethora,</HI> are happily cured without Bleeding. Nay in the &s;aid ca&s;e Bleeding may rather do harm, becau&s;e the Small Pox are driven out by the ebullition of the Blood, which if gentle, will be much weak|ned by taking away Blood, and &s;o will become in&s;ufficient for freeing the ma&s;s of Blood from im|purities. But on the contrary, if when the Small Pox come out, an inten&s;e Fever, Re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s, difficulty of Breathing, thick and red Urine, and o|ther violent Symptomes appear, it is a &s;ign that Na|ture is oppre&s;&s;ed with too great a load of Humors, and that &s;he cannot conveniently rule them, and therefore that Bleeding is nece&s;&s;ary, to the end that when part of the Burthen is taken away, the re&s;t may more ea&s;ily be expelled by Nature. In a word, in an Ebullition, which is meerly perfective or depurative, Blood mu&s;t not be ta|ken away; But in a corruptive one Bleeding is very nece&s;&s;ary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> even in one that has a little malignity in it.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. Bleeding is &s;o nece&s;&s;ary in dangerous Small Pox, in which the Ebullition u&s;es to be corruptive, that the tender Age of Children does not hinder it: for it has been the Cu&s;tome to make u&s;e of Bleeding at four years old and &s;ometimes at three. The Phy&s;icians of <HI>Paris</HI> do not forbear Bleeding younger, even in Children that Suck, which yet this tender Age, little Aliment, and plentiful Ef|flux by the Skin, will hardly allow; Nor can this new Licentiou&s;ne&s;s of Bleeding be any way defen|ded. In a little more grown Children only one Bleeding &s;ometimes is not &s;ufficient, but it mu&s;t be repeated, if a high Fever continue, or a <HI>Deliri|um,</HI> or any other grievous Symptome afflict them. &para; Therefore when the mo&s;t Chri&s;tian King,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> who was then &s;carce pa&s;t his Pube&s;cency, was ill of the Small Pox the <HI>Archiatrorum Comes</HI> (or Count of the principal Phy&s;icians) with the joynt Suffrages of all the re&s;t, ordered a Vein to be Breathed &s;everal times; which when it was done with exceeding good &s;ucce&s;s, the Glory of &s;aving a King, and of the con&s;ervation of a Kingdom mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to Bleeding, and to the Phy&s;ician the Author of it. The King of <HI>Spain</HI>'s Phy&s;ici|ans,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinccius.</HI> Ide. feb. c.</NOTE> who are prone to Bleed largely, bled their Infanto King not in one but &s;everal Veins.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. When there is an urgency, Blood may be let at any time, if there be but Indicants. For fir&s;t when the Small Pox and Mea&s;les appear, and the Fever cea&s;es not, nor other grievous Symp|tomes, then we may let Blood. Secondly, when they appear one day and &s;trike in the next, then immediately Blood mu&s;t be let. Thirdly, when there are other grievous Symptomes, be&s;ides the Symptomes of the Small Pox, as a Phren&s;y, Quin|&s;y, Lethargy, Dy&s;entry, a grievous Ophthal|mie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphaniu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, Ferdinandus. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 78.</NOTE> or any other dangerous and grievous affecti|on. And &s;o <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> lets Blood in the Small Pox and Mea&s;les, when there is a dy&s;entery. &para; Yea when the Small Pox have done coming out, which for the mo&s;t part is within 9 dayes, if the Fever be very violent, Blood may be let again, and the Pa|tients may be treated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> as People in a continual Fe|ver.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. <HI>Hippocrates, lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Epidem. &s;ect.</HI> 3. &s;ayes, that at a certain Sea&s;on, in Summer Fevers, about the 7^t^h, 8^t^h or 9^t^h day &s;ome miliaceous roughne&s;&s;es, almo&s;t like unto Flea-bitings, which yet did not Itch very much, aro&s;e upon the Skin, and conti|nued till the <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> which came out upon no Men; and no Women, who had them, died. The&s;e roughne&s;&s;es, of which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;peaks, are none of that &s;ort of <HI>exanthemata,</HI> (or breakings out) which began to appear in malignant Fe|vers in our Age, but rather of the &s;ort, which we call <HI>Ro&s;alia.</HI> And they are bred, as I think, of a bilious and &s;erous Matter, when &s;ome Portion of a &s;alt Matter is mixt with it: which Juices indeed are &s;eparated from the ma&s;s of Blood, upon a certain Ebullition ri&s;ing therein, and they ap|pear mo&s;t in Women and Children, becau&s;e they a|bound mo&s;t with the fore&s;aid Humors, and are of a thin texture of Body, in re&s;pect of Men. The Romans calls this Di&s;ea&s;e <HI>Ro&s;alia,</HI> very u&s;ual a|mong Children, &s;o that none, as they think, can e&s;|cape the&s;e any more than they can the Small Pox. The&s;e roughne&s;&s;es are not unlike them we call <HI>Su|damina</HI> (or Sweat Bli&s;ters) wherein the Skin is &s;welled and rough, with Itching: Although the&s;e are a little larger than <HI>Sudamina:</HI> And indeed they are very like tho&s;e Eminences, which come upon the bitings of Fleas, which does not happen in fever Spots, wherein the Skin is &s;mooth, and only vitiated in colour, although <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> and others in|terpret <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> of the fever Spots, or <HI>Petechiae.</HI> Children are fir&s;t taken with an acute and burning Fever, on the third or fourth day, after little red Spots begin to break out, which are elevated by degrees, and make the Skin rough; and the Fever continues till the fifth day, as which cea&s;es, the&s;e roughne&s;&s;es by degrees go off. Vulgar Phy&s;icians take this Di&s;ea&s;e for the Mea&s;les, though they differ very much; for the Mea&s;les and Small Pox kill many: But Experience &s;hows us, that &s;carce one dies of the <HI>Ro&s;alia,</HI> and not but by a mi|racle, and through &s;ome great Errors which the Sick commit, or the Phy&s;icians chiefly, in let|ting of Blood. For &s;ince this Remedy is in all re&s;pects contrary to this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e child|hood, whereof this is a peculiar Di&s;ea&s;e, does by no means admit it; and &s;ince it is utterly prohi|bited by the nature of the peccant Humor, which is bile, and by its motion outwards; And the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pro&s;per Mar|tianus.</HI> comm. in loc. cit. p. <HI>245.</HI></NOTE> which is wholly &s;alutary does not require it: No wonder therefore if a Remedy, &s;o un|&s;ea&s;onably admini&s;tred, &s;ometimes do &s;o much hurt, that of a &s;alutary Di&s;ea&s;e it becomes mor|tal.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. (a) Some Phy&s;icians are very timorous in letting of Blood, fearing that Nature's endea|vor may be di&s;turbed; and that a retroce&s;&s;ion of the Humors from the outer to the inner parts of the Body, may follow. But <HI>Caldera Trib. Medic. lib. de Variolis cap.</HI> 9. does learnedly remove this Scruple. <Q>Nor need you fear, &s;ays he, the &s;triking in of the Small Pox upon this letting of Blood, becau&s;e of a <HI>vacuum;</HI> for this fear has place only, where nothing &s;uperfluous is left in the Body, and Nature works critically, all the Matter being driven out of the Veins (for then we mu&s;t wait the motion of Excretion) but not when irritated Nature drives out Sympto|matically, and while oppo&s;ition to the evacua|ting Remedy remains &s;till in the Veins, name|ly Abundance, which you &s;hould well weigh in an equal ballance.</Q> Rea&s;on is backed with Expe|rience whereby we find, that when, after Bleeding in the Small Pox, the heat of the Blood is aba|ted,
<PB N="611" REF="271"> the Humor is better concocted by Nature and turned into good <HI>pus.</HI> But even Nature her &s;elf, the Phy&s;icians be&s;t Mi&s;tre&s;s, oftentimes pre|vents the Phy&s;ician, by letting Blood plentifully at the No&s;e, that &s;he may make the way more ea&s;y for the Mea&s;les or Small Pox, and the &s;ooner ex|tingui&s;h the burning Heat. And we mu&s;t confe&s;s that &s;ome Phy&s;icians are &s;ometimes over timo|rous, and more intent how they may avoid the obtrectations of the vulgar, than they are upon the rea&s;on of things, and &s;ome, though they know better and approve it, yet for other Folks &s;ake they follow Cu&s;tome. Say not, that Vomiting hinders Bleeding. &para; (b) Concerning Vomiting hear <HI>Caldera loc. cit.</HI> <Q>Nor let Vomiting affright you from letting of Blood, nor a Loo&s;ne&s;s, if it be not profu&s;e, nor a Catarrh, nor pain in the Belly, nor Shivering, becau&s;e the&s;e and many other complicated and various Accidents u&s;e to go before the coming out of the Small Pox, which, you may &s;top after Bleeding, or Cup|ping, &s;carified or dry.</Q></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Far le&s;s need any que&s;tion be made a|bout the Winter Sea&s;on; Sickne&s;s, at what time &s;oever it comes, requires a Cure and a Removal, &s;o much the &s;ooner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thiermair, <HI>cap.</HI> 8. <HI>Cons. lib.</HI> 1.</NOTE> by how much the more grie|vous the Di&s;ea&s;e lies upon one.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. The often repetition of Bleeding is not ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary, when it has been done once or twice, if expedient, (becau&s;e it hinders Nature's motion, which drives out) unle&s;s drow|zine&s;s, or &s;trangling with a Fever, or a Dy&s;ente|ry, for the mo&s;t part Mortal, do force us upon this Remedy: We mu&s;t not neglect frequently to apply young Pigeons &s;plit, to the Feet, Hands, and Heart:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus, <HI>Enchir. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</NOTE> We mu&s;t &s;et Cupping-gla&s;&s;es all over the Body frequently, with gentle pricking: A little Bathing in warm Water, when the Sea&s;on would bear it, has brought them out. &para; In the year 1676. I had under Cure the Excellent M^r. <HI>Alexander Diodati,</HI> a Noble Youth of the Illu&s;trious Family of the <HI>Chab<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tij</HI> 17 years old. The Small Pox had come out, and were then well towards ripening, when a gentle Loo&s;ne&s;s came: The Pu&s;t|ules immediately &s;truck in, and a phrenitick <HI>Deli|rium</HI> followed. Nothing would &s;erve the Wo|men (who have all the Skill in Phy&s;ick) but the giving of &s;ome Alexiterial Powder. I was for let|ting Blood in the Foot, which was done, much a|gain&s;t their Wills; hereupon immediately all things were quiet, the Pu&s;tules ro&s;e again, and he quickly recovered.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. The place for Bleeding is various a|mong Authors: Mo&s;t commend the common Vein, and I do the &s;ame in &s;uch as are above 14 years old, and are Sanguine and &s;trong: But I had rather let Blood in the lower parts, and in the Haemor|rhoids e&s;pecially in Melancholick People.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. Then the manner is various, by opening a Vein, by Cupping, and by Leeches: And I &s;el|dome u&s;e to open a Vein, but rather cup, or apply Leeches, and e&s;pecially in Children, in whom if I cannot u&s;e Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, yet a Leech or two may be &s;et on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which will do the &s;ame thing.</P>
<P N="50">L. I u&s;ually apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to all, e&s;pe|cially to the Loins, Buttocks and Hams, and I do not only this before they come out, but after they appear, &s;eeing this conduces very much to draw the matter to the out parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51">LI. It is convenient that we know, while the Small Pox are appearing we may Bleed more bold|ly (becau&s;e they are the product of greater pleni|tude) than in the Mea&s;les, which rather proceed from the Malignity of the Humors: Therefore in the Mea&s;les it is better to u&s;e Cupping than Bleed|ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> unle&s;s in adult Bodies.</P>
<P N="52">LII. If opening a Vein be &s;u&s;pected, becau&s;e of tender Age, or becau&s;e the proper time is over, the redundance of Blood may be taken away by Cup|ping and Scarifying the Back, Thighs and Should|ers: Which al&s;o may do good in the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;eeing the motion of Nature from the Cen|ter to the Circumference is promoted thereby. But care mu&s;t be taken, that Scarification be not made deep in Children: for &s;ometimes it happens, that when an imprudent Surgeon has thru&s;t his Knife deep in, hot boyling Blood upon cutting the Veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> has come out at the wound with that violence, that it has been a difficult thing to &s;top it.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. Although Purging be &s;u&s;pected in this Di|&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e it cau&s;es a motion contrary to that of Nature; wherefore whoever have a Loo&s;ne&s;s in the Small Pox, a &s;udden &s;triking of them in and Death u&s;ually follows: yet take notice, that a Purge is often beneficially given before the Small Pox come out, and the Fever grow high, that is, when Children are in a neutral &s;tate of decidence: for then, if Cacochymy abound, it is good to dimini&s;h it by purging, that Nature af|terwards may more cheerfully undertake expul&s;i|on. But when the Small Pox begin to appear, a Purge would be pernicious: And al&s;o when there is great Malignity, as in an Epidemick con&s;titution, when many Children dye of that Di&s;ea&s;e, it is be&s;t wholly to ab&s;tain from Purging; becau&s;e in very malignant and pe&s;tilential Di&s;ea&s;es, it is very hurtful to give a Purge in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="54">LIV. Although Cly&s;ters be not only convenient for all Bodies young and old, Men and Women, and in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Body; yet we mu&s;t take notice, that in the coming out of the Small Pox, Mea&s;les, and <HI>Exanthemata</HI> we mu&s;t wholly ab&s;tain from Cly&s;ters, though they be made of lenient &s;oftning Ingredients, le&s;t, Nature's motion and inclination from the Center to the circumfe|rence be di&s;turbed, and lo&s;t, while &s;he is very bu&s;ie, &s;he and all her Strength be diverted another way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="55">LV. If the Small Pox come of hot Humors, they mu&s;t be cured only with cooling and incra&s;&s;ating things; for unle&s;s the immoderate ebullition and heat of the Blood be &s;topt, the Patients ha&s;ten to their end; therefore we mu&s;t then u&s;e things that check and moderately cool: As will appear from the example following; whence likewi&s;e it will appear, in what ca&s;es the Cure mu&s;t be varied. <HI>Altara&s;ius</HI> his Boy was taken with the Small Pox, &s;ome of which ran, &s;o that in two dayes they left the poor wretches Body all excoriated, as I have al&s;o &s;een it happen in other Children. Again&s;t which I began thus; Fir&s;t of all becau&s;e this mat|ter was too thin, I endeavored to thicken it; not only by taking it off, but the ill quality al|&s;o of the Liver and inner Parts, that no more new might be bred: And this I did with cooling Medicines, as Syrup of Ro&s;es, of Cichory &s;imple, of Endive, and Violets, mixing them with the like Waters: His Liver was anointed outwardly with <HI>&V;nguentum Santalinum.</HI> But his Diet conduced much to it, which inclined to cooling and moi&s;tning:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amat Lufi|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">on. <HI>cur.</HI> 18. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</NOTE> By all which means the Matter was made thick and the Small Pox begin to appear thick and large. &para; In the latter end of Summer 1655. the Small Pox were abroad in our City, many Children had them, but few died, for they were kindly. At the &s;ame time two <HI>Greenland</HI> Women were taken with them, to whom, when &s;everal &s;orts of drink, which had done good to others, as well for driving out the Small Pox as to cool the febrile Heat, were profered them, they re|fu&s;ed all, denying to take &s;o much as boyled Water: But by making &s;igns they &s;o earne&s;tly de&s;ired cold &s;pring Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus. <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>hi&s;t.</HI> 89.</NOTE> that they &s;ignified they &s;hould dye, if it were denied them, and when it was granted them, they recovered.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. Lentills are rejected by &s;ome Neotericks, becau&s;e they have an a&s;tringent Faculty, and &s;o
<PB N="612" REF="272"> hinder the coming out of the Small Pox: But the Authority of &s;o many and &s;o great Worthies ought not ra&s;hly to be rejected; but rather it mu&s;t be concluded, that with the highe&s;t rea&s;on Lentils ei|ther excorticated or a little boyled, are added to things that drive out to the Skin; inasmuch name|ly as by their a&s;tringent and incra&s;&s;ating faculty they re&s;train the too great heat of the Humours; and hinder their running into &s;ome noble part: to which end al&s;o Tragacanth is added, This is taken from <HI>Galen,</HI> who 1. <HI>de Alim. fac. c.</HI> 18. holds, that Lentils twice boyled &s;trengthen the natural parts, and by the a&s;triction wherewith they are endued, do &s;top a Loo&s;ne&s;s: Therefore they may be pre|&s;cribed or omitted, by the Phy&s;ician, who has the cure in hand, according as he &s;hall find the nece&s;&s;i|ty to attenuate the Humours and to drive them out to the Skin, to be more or le&s;s urgent. For if the matter be &s;ubtil, and the ebullition great&punc; they may be u&s;efully pre&s;cribed, for the fore&s;aid intentions: But if the matter &s;eem thick, and Na|ture drive it &s;lowly to the Skin, then they, yea, and Tragacanth al&s;o, mu&s;t be omitted, and other things that are attenuating and diaphoretick mu&s;t be put in.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="57">LVII. Having made evacuation of the whole Bo|dy, unle&s;s the Small Pox come plentifully out, it will be good to abate in Meat tho&s;e things that bind, and to put in &s;ome things which may open, as Leaves of Smallage and Par&s;ly. Nor indeed do I approve of giving of dry Figs, for I condemn it for that very rea&s;on, for which Phy&s;icians commend it; They &s;ay indeed, that Figs drive the matter from within to without, but truly their experience fails them: for Figs do not this, becau&s;e they drive bad Humours from within, but becau&s;e by over-heating them, they give them a kind of ebul|lition, which is u&s;ually very grievous, and there|fore the common People hold that Figs cau&s;e the Scab and Itch: yet they are good for old Men, if they &s;hould chance to have this Di&s;ea&s;e, who&s;e Blood naturally is not &s;o hot as in Children. And it will not be ami&s;s here to enquire, what is the rea&s;on that Salt fi&s;h are good for them that are &s;ick of the Mea&s;les? For <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> &s;ayes, that vulgar re|port is not alwayes without cau&s;e: yet there is rea&s;on, We find by dayly experience that Salt fi&s;h cau&s;es the Itch, becau&s;e it rai&s;es an ebullition in the Blood: Now it is found, that in every ebulli|tion thick Humours are made thin, thin turn into Fumes, and Fumes go to the Skin: Whence it is made out, that without doubt Salt Fi&s;h are &s;ome|times proper in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, to wit, when Na|ture goes lazily about the work of expul&s;ion, e&s;|pecially when the wayes are narrow, and the Hu|mours thick and inept, when there is any one or all of the&s;e, Rea&s;on demon&s;trates, that Salt Fi&s;h are good. When therefore in a body naturally cold the Small Pox come not well out, for any of the three afore&s;aid rea&s;ons, I think, notwith&s;tand|ing the Febrile heat, we may with the People in <HI>Portugal,</HI> with whom this is u&s;ual, give Salt Fi&s;h; but otherwi&s;e by no means. And this mu&s;t be done with premeditation, for the Fi&s;h mu&s;t be &s;teeped a whole day in juice of Sorrel. But if it &s;hould &s;o happen that Pu&s;tules &s;hould come within, truly you can by no one Medicine more effectually break them, purge the <HI>Sanies,</HI> nor dry up the Putrefaction that comes from them: And you can by no means &s;ooner give a check, that &s;o the Body may take no further corruption, and at la&s;t you can by no o|ther means pre&s;erve the &s;ound Particles &s;afe from being affected with the contagion of the running corruption, then by Salt Fi&s;h. And it will not be ami&s;s whan they come out within, to advi&s;e fir&s;t of all to eat dry Figs for ripening of them, and then to u&s;e Salt Fi&s;h. But we mu&s;t remember, that we mu&s;t have a care of u&s;ing Salt Fi&s;h in the Mea&s;les, (rather than in the Small Pox) and in &s;uch as are of a hot and dry con&s;titution.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus, <HI>de victu febri|cir. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 22. &amp; 23.</NOTE></P>
<P N="58">LVIII. To pre&s;erve the Face, &s;ome wa&s;h it with Ro&s;e water and other a&s;tringent things, which I cannot approve of: becau&s;e the greate&s;t &s;hare of the impurities is driven to it: for its Skin is lax and &s;oft, and &s;o fitte&s;t to receive excrements. Wherefore if tho&s;e impurities, which are &s;ent by Nature to the Face, be repelled from it, when they are retained within, they may do much mi&s;|chief;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> and therefore Nature's motion mu&s;t by no means be hindred.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. I mu&s;t not omit that &s;everal teach, that the Small Pox, when they are brought to maturity, mu&s;t be prickt with a Golden or Silver pin, le&s;t the <HI>pus</HI> abiding longer there leave Scars in the part. Which neverthele&s;s is now in a manner out of u&s;e, &s;ince experience has &s;hown that the Small Pox, when prickt, are cured more &s;lowly, and keep their Scabs longer on, by rea&s;on of the weakne&s;s of the innate heat, which is cau&s;ed in the part by pricking, whereby fouler Scars are left. Therefore it is be&s;t to leave the matter to Nature.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Avicenna</HI> and the greate&s;t part of the <HI>Arabians</HI> will have the Small Pox, when they grow white, to be prickt with a Needle, that the <HI>Ichor</HI> and corrupti|on may be got out. For which advice they give this rea&s;on, That if the matter were kept long in any part, there would be danger that it would eat the Fle&s;h and the part, and &s;o the Ulcers would grow deep. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;eems to favour them, 3. <HI>lib. de Fract. c.</HI> 48. where he writes that in <HI>Phlyctaenae</HI> (a &s;ort of bli&s;ters) it was his cu&s;tome to prick the Skin, and &s;o at &s;everal times to get out the water and <HI>Ichor,</HI> that the Skin might remain whole. But this to me as well as to many others &s;eems a thing needle&s;s and trouble&s;ome; Touble&s;ome, becau&s;e the Patients at that time are grievou&s;ly tormented; And needle&s;s, becau&s;e it is certain, they mu&s;t not be prickt, till they are turned white; at which time it is clear the Humour has done all the hurt it can; for when the whitene&s;s appears, the heat and power of eating the Fle&s;h is over: Wherefore it is better to ab&s;tain from pricking,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurial<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and e&s;pecially becau&s;e as &s;oon as they appear white, they al&s;o dry and skale off. &para; If the <HI>Sanies</HI> appear livid, wa|try, and indige&s;ted, and they come from a Pe&s;tilen|tial contagion in the Air, which they often preceed, then by rea&s;on of the &s;harpne&s;s and virulence of the Humours, I think they &s;hould be opened, that their Poy&s;on may exhale, and they may not eat; yet &s;o as that their cru&s;t, which the Greeks call <GAP DESC="foreign">, may not be taken away al&s;o: But if the <HI>Sanies</HI> be thick, white and well concocted, I think it better not to meddle with them: for in Breed|ing of &s;uch <HI>Sanies</HI> I know, that Fle&s;h al&s;o grows un|derneath,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Langius.</NOTE> wherewith the &s;paces of the Pu&s;tules are filled up.</P>
<P N="60">LX. There are &s;ome who de&s;ire of their Phy&s;ici|ans, that they would get the Pu&s;tules quickly dri|ed off, to which purpo&s;e &s;everal outward Remedies are made u&s;e of, which u&s;e to dry them up pre|&s;ently: E&s;pecially that, the <HI>Arabians</HI> call <HI>Salting,</HI> concerning which two things mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, 1. That it be not u&s;ed, till the Pu&s;tules are white, becau&s;e if they be then red, they are violently ir|ritated, and the torment encrea&s;ed. 2. That none u&s;e Salt alone, but &s;ome other things with it, which may take off its acrimony, for example, Take of River water 2 pounds, Salt half an ounce, Barly, Lupines, each half a pugil, Saffron 1 drachm. Let them boyl according to Art, and then with a Cot|ton dipt in this water touch the Pu&s;tules, which if they be &s;o little, that they need not &s;o much dry|ing, another Decoction may be made; Take of leaves of Tamarisk, flowers of Ro&s;es, each 1 hand|ful, all the Sanders each 2 ounces, Barly 1 Pugil, Salt half an ounce. Make a Decoction. But it is
<PB N="613" REF="272"> be&s;t to be patient, and let the tubercles go away of them&s;elves.</P>
<P N="61">LXI. But if they do not ripen fa&s;t enough, I would have them often touched with a Cotton dipt in a decoction of Figs and Mallows, becau&s;e &s;uch a Decoction applied warm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> does u&s;ually both a&s;&s;wage all pain, and al&s;o ha&s;ten maturation.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. A Country Woman told a Matron, who de&s;ired to know a pre&s;ervative from much pitting of the Small Pox, that it might be hindred, if at the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of them, the Feet were often held in the Steam of a Decoction of emollient Herbs. The Matron de&s;ired to know my Judgment of it; I told her, I could not di&s;approve of it, becau&s;e revul&s;ion was thereby made of the fermenting Blood to the lower Parts: for the Feet and Legs are not only heated by the Vapours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fromanus,</HI> mi&s;c. cur. an. <HI>76.</HI> Ob&s;. <HI>186.</HI></NOTE> but are al&s;o &s;oftned, and their Ve&s;&s;els and carnous parts dila|ted: therefore becau&s;e &s;tore of Blood is gathered to them, a kind of revul&s;ion is made of the ebulli|ent Blood from the upper parts. &para; It is al&s;o the cu&s;tome with &s;ome, that they may pre&s;erve the Face from many Small Pox, and derive the &s;ame to the Feet, to dip the Childrens Feet in warm Cow's Milk, when fir&s;t the Small Pox begin to come out; which wants not &s;ucce&s;s, though not without nota|ble detriment to the Feet, which are then full of the Small Pox,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. de le Boe Sylvius.</NOTE> whereby grievous pains are cau&s;ed, and a long weakne&s;s in the Feet does follow, but &s;o beauty is pre&s;erved.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. I do nothing at all to the Face, to keep it from pitting, becau&s;e Oyls, Liniments, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> only make the white Scurf longer in coming off, one part whereof following another, when the Patient ri&s;es from his Bed, and is indifferent well, the&s;e foul Scars appears by degrees. But the Patient need not much fear them, when by rea&s;on of a mo|derate regiment, the Pu&s;tules not having been much exa&s;perated have contracted no cau&s;tck qua|lity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="64">LXIV. The Small Pox hurt Beauty with their marks. The cure of this does not con&s;i&s;t in this, that the&s;e Pu&s;tules be well ripened, but they mu&s;t be prevented. This is done. 1. If we &s;top the motion or fermentation of the Humours, that they may not come from the Heart and other internal parts to the habit of the Body. I knew a certain Arti&s;t, a votary to true Medicine, who by a cer|tain &s;ecret powder can hinder the coming out of the Small Pox, by &s;topping the fermenting motion of the Humours, although Spots already appear, without any prejudice to health. 2. While we ap|ply repellents to the Face, but we mu&s;t have a care they be not too &s;trong, and we mu&s;t &s;ee to the coming out of the Small Pox in the re&s;t of the Body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus, <HI>m. m. p.</HI> 443.</NOTE> &para; A beautiful Noble Woman was much di&s;|figured with the Small Pox, wherefore &s;he would u&s;e &s;ome Remedies, whereby &s;he might get the marks of them out. A certain cold Catapla&s;m was therefore applied by a Phy&s;ician, but without judgement,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Borellus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 64.</NOTE> for the remainders of the Di&s;ea&s;e were driven in, and the Brain was &s;o cooled, that &s;he received death in&s;tead of her expected Beau|ty.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. To think to take away Pock-holes by the u&s;e of Bathes either inward or outward,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> is a mo&s;t ab&s;urd thing.</P>
<P N="66">LXVI. When the Small Pox have done coming out, the ebullition of the Humours mu&s;t again be laid with &s;uch Medicines as have a precipitating virtue, and &s;trengthen the Bowels, &s;uch as Ivory calcined without Fire, burnt Coral, Crabs Eyes, Pearls, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Otherwi&s;e if in the beginning we be more &s;olicitous to &s;top the ebullition of the Hu|mour, and a&s;&s;wage the heat, than to re&s;i&s;t the Ma|lignity, it will fare with us, as it does with them who labour more to take away what is rained in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> then to mend the Roof.</P>
<P N="67">LXVII. The malitious Small Pox have oftentimes deceived me, for when Children have been reckon|ed to have e&s;caped them, they have been over fed before the time, by the &s;illy Women, as if they de|&s;pi&s;ed this Di&s;ea&s;e: But the wicked Small Pox, growing ill again, and burning a new, did fiercely a&s;&s;ault the little ones, and &s;calding them, or rather roa&s;ting them, with inextingui&s;hable heat, did at la&s;t kill them. And truly edacity in the Small Pox is u&s;ually an ill Sign. Therefore we mu&s;t not tru&s;t them in the beginning of the declination and meli|oration: But according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his rule <HI>Eph.</HI> 15.2. The Urine and Ordure mu&s;t be lookt into, which if they be bilious and of a bad colour, it is a &s;ign, that the Body is yet impure,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo&s;eph Med<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>ap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> which by how much more you nouri&s;h, by &s;o much more you hurt. Have a care therefore of a full diet, and you may conquer the remainder of the Putrefaction and Ca|cochymy.</P>
<P N="68">LXVIII. A Boy five years old being ill of the Small Pox, was the third day taken with a Bloody Flux, and frequent de&s;ire of going to Stool: he voided pituitous and mucous &s;tuff, with a great quantity of Blood; the Pu&s;tules were &s;mall, white and flat, I pre&s;cribed thus; Take of red Ro&s;es 1 pug<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">, red Sanders half an ounce, &s;craped Liquori&s;h, and &s;toned Rai&s;ins each 1 ounce, boyl them in Sheep's head broth. In 9 ounces of the Colature di&s;&s;olve of <HI>Confectio de Hyacintho</HI> 3 drachms, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es pa&s;&s;ed through a Sieve half an ounce, the yolk of an Egg. Mix them. Make a Cly&s;ter. Give it often. Take of water of Scabious, <HI>Carduus Bene|dictus</HI> each 1 ounce and an half, Syrup of dried Ro|&s;es 1 ounce; Coral and Pearl prepared each 1 &s;cru|ple, Bezoar &s;tone 3 grains, <HI>Confectio de Hyacintho</HI> half a drachm. Make a Julep. Give it twice a day. Take <HI>Oleum Scorpionum Matthioli.</HI> Anoint the Groins and Armpits often hot. After he had taken the Cly&s;ter twice, and his Julep twice the Bloody Flux quite cea&s;ed, and the Pu&s;tules began to come out more violently, and afterwards he underwent the Di&s;ea&s;e quietly, till he was perfectly well. Al|though the Remedies propo&s;ed be vulgar ones, yet this ca&s;e de&s;erves ob&s;ervation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 71.</NOTE> becau&s;e the event was not vulgar: for of all the Children in the Small Pox, that I have hitherto &s;een, only this one had the Bloody-Flux.</P>
<P N="69">LXIX. I learned, that a Loo&s;ne&s;s coming upon the Small Pox is not alwayes fatal, from my own Daughter <HI>Elizabeth,</HI> who <HI>anno</HI> 1670 in the Month of <HI>September,</HI> being about 4 years old, was upon the 7^t^h day from the coming out of the Small Pox ta|ken with a Loo&s;ne&s;s, which proved critical and &s;a|lutary, fir&s;t of &s;erous, then of thick and variegated Humours, which a violent Swooning preceeded. I u&s;ed no a&s;tringents to &s;top it, being content with the u&s;e of gentle Diaphoreticks: becau&s;e it began on a critical day, appetite was good, and there was no &s;triking in of the Small Pox: This la&s;ted 3 days, and a little after &s;he recovered. And this was ob|&s;ervable, that whereas before the coming out of the Small Pox &s;he was impatient of all Clothes, &s;o that her Legs and Thighs were expo&s;ed to the open Air, there and about her Face the Small Pox came out more plentifully than about her Back, Arms and Brea&s;t, which were clothed: So that it &s;eems very probable to me that the matter of the Small Pox in the covered parts expired by occult tran&s;piration, and that it would have been &s;o in the re&s;t, had they been covered.</P>
<P N="70">LXX. It mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, that in Children &s;ick of the Small Pox a Loo&s;ne&s;s is often cau&s;ed by Worms, and continues almo&s;t all the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, whereby Life is in imminent danger, be|cau&s;e the coming out of the Small Pox is abated or hindred. And this is ea&s;ily known by the thick|ne&s;s and &s;limine&s;s and the gray or white colour of the excrements: for then things that kill Worms, and &s;weet Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be given.</P>
<P N="71"><PB N="614" REF="273">LXXI. When watry Pu&s;tules came here and there all over a Boys Body, but all of them &s;truck in through the ill management of the by-&s;tanders, the Patient falling into Swoons and coldne&s;s in his extream parts: le&s;t nothing &s;hould be done in &s;o dangerous a ca&s;e, becau&s;e the Patient could &s;wal|low no Medicines I apply four Ve&s;icatories to the in&s;ide of the Arms and Thighs, following the duct of the greater Veins, in hopes that the Poy&s;onous Humour being recalled to the Skin, might find a more ready pa&s;&s;age out. In &s;hort, the water re|turned into its cells,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Olaus Borri|chius.</NOTE> and though they turned &s;low|ly into <HI>Pus,</HI> they made way from certain de&s;pair to former health.</P>
<P N="72">LXXII. A Woman was taken with the Mea&s;les, her whole Body was covered with them, and &s;he had a violent Fever: She had moreover a mo&s;t grie|vous Symptome, a thin defluxion upon her Lungs, which often made her Cough, and put her in fear of choaking, with an hoar&s;ene&s;s. A Ve&s;icatory was applied to the Neck, and 2 grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> were given in Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, the defluxion &s;topt that whole Night, it returned the next day, and <HI>Laudanum</HI> was given again with the &s;ame effect, whereby the Woman was brought in a few dayes to a convale&s;cence her hoar&s;ene&s;s remaining for a long time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="73">LXXIII. A young Man about 20 years old, of a thin Body and an hot Con&s;titution, in the begin|ning of Spring began to have a Fever, the fir&s;t days grievous Vomitings, oppre&s;&s;ion at his Heart, fre|quent hot and cold Fits by turns, pain in his Loins, watching, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> did trouble him. On the third day the Small Pox appearing, the&s;e Symptomes abated; yet the Fever with thir&s;t and heat continued: Not only the Decoctions u&s;ual in this Di&s;ea&s;e but the mo&s;t grateful Juleps were nau&s;eous and trouble|&s;ome to him: Whenever at the hour of Sleep he took <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> or any other temperate Cordial, to continue tran&s;piration, though but in a little quantity, he was very re&s;tle&s;s the Night following, and the next Morning bled at his No&s;e; which, when the Small Pox indeed were fully come out, happening once and again upon this occa&s;ion, the Patients fafety was highly endangered. Where|fore ob&s;erving his Blood to be apt to ferment im|moderately upon any &s;light irritation, I according to the occa&s;ion in&s;i&s;ted on this method, Leaving off all manner of Medicine, he drank &s;mall Beer and emul&s;ions of Almonds to quench his thir&s;t, as much as he plea&s;ed. Becau&s;e he refu&s;ed all Oatmeal and Barly grewel, he had for his Diet Apples boyled till they were tender, and then &s;ea&s;oned with Su|gar and Ro&s;e water, which he eat &s;everal times a day. Nature being content with this thin cour&s;e, and &s;eeming to be di&s;turbed with any other, hap|pily fini&s;hed her work, &s;o that the Small Pox ripe|ning and then falling off of them&s;elves,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis,</HI> de feb. c. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> the Patient recovered, without any grievous Symptome after|wards.</P>
<P N="74">LXXIV. In the middle of Autumn a young Man, who had a &s;harp Blood, and had been often &s;ubject to bleed at the No&s;e, was ill of the Small Pox: His Blood fermented immoderately of it &s;elf, &s;o that the Pu&s;tules came out very thick all over his Body. Whey with Marygold flowers and other things u&s;ually boyled in it, al&s;o Juleps, and all Cordials, though temperate, which cau&s;e but a gentle breathing, did mo&s;t certainly &s;et him a bleeding. Wherefore I pre&s;cribe &s;uch a cour&s;e of Diet, as I did before (&sect; LXXIII.) upon which he was better. However at the very height of his Di&s;ea&s;e (for when the Small Pox are fully come out, a Fever u&s;ually returns in all People, becau&s;e tran&s;piration is &s;topt) this Sick man fell into plen|tiful Bleeding, &s;o that after a large profu&s;ion of Blood, the Small Pox began to grow flat. After he had in vain tried many Remedies to &s;top Bleed|ing, at length a bag with a Toad in it (that was dried in the Sun and brui&s;ed) was hung about his Neck, and at the very fir&s;t he immediately found benefit by it, for his Bleeding was pre&s;ently &s;topt, and it returning no more (for he carried this Epi|theme con&s;tantly ever after in his Bo&s;ome) the Pa|tient &s;till continuing his cooling diet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> perfectly re|covered.</P>
<P N="75">LXXV. I vi&s;ited a young Gentlewoman, of a flo|rid countenance and hot con&s;titution, when &s;he was 4 Months gone with Child, &s;he was troubled with grievous Vomiting, a mo&s;t violent pain in her back, and extream heat and thir&s;t: Her Pul&s;e was very quick, &s;trong and vehement. Although the Small Pox were no where thereabout, yet the&s;e Symp|tomes gave me no &s;mall &s;u&s;picion of this Di&s;ea&s;e: However, the exce&s;&s;ive efferve&s;cency of the Blood did indicate the letting of it, therefore I pre&s;ently took away about 6 ounces; then the heat abated a little, yet the Vomiting and pain in her back con|tinued &s;till. At the hour of Sleep I gave her a Cordial <HI>Bolus</HI> with half a grain of our <HI>Laudanum,</HI> up|on which quiet Sleep &s;ucceeded, with a plea&s;ant Breathing, and a cea&s;ing of all the Symptomes. The next Morning the Small Pox came out, which although &s;he had them very full, yet &s;he recover|ed without any dangerous &s;ickne&s;s or fear of mi&s;|carriage, and went her full time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="76">LXXVI. A Woman was brought to Bed, and the &s;ame day her Children in the &s;ame Hou&s;e were taken with the Small Pox; and &s;he her &s;elf, as it &s;eems, had taken the Infection, for the &s;econd day after her delivery they began to come out with a Fever and pain in her Loins, which indeed in 3 dayes, her <HI>Lochia</HI> flowing moderately, did ri&s;e well: Although &s;he clean&s;ed well all that time, &s;he was very full of the Small Pox all over her Body, and not only upon the out &s;ide of her Body, but they filled her Mouth and Throat, &s;o that &s;he could &s;carce &s;peak or &s;wallow. The &s;ixth day after &s;he was brought to Bed, her <HI>Lochia</HI> flowed immode|rately, upon which the Small Pox immediately growing flat, &s;he was taken with Swooning, fre|quent Convul&s;ions, and other ill favored Symp|tomes, which threatned &s;udden death. I pre&s;cri|bed her half a drachm of this powder, to be taken con&s;tantly once in 3 hours, in a &s;poonful of the fol|lowing Julep, that is; Take of Tormentil root powdered 2 drachms, Bole Armenick 1 drachm, <HI>Species de hyacintho</HI> half a drachm. Make a Powder. Take of <HI>Aqua Scordii compo&s;ita,</HI> water of Dragons, Meadow-&s;weet each 3 ounces. Treacle Vinegar 1 ounce, Syrup of Corals 2 ounces, burn Harts-horn half a drachm: Make a Julep. I ordered al&s;o Tor|mentil root to be boyled in all her Broths, and drink; by the&s;e Remedies her Uterine Purgation wholly &s;topt, and the Small Pox ripened by degrees without any more grievous Symptome, and fell off. This was a difficult ca&s;e indeed, and was ma|naged with great hazard, to wit, it was dangerous to keep in either the <HI>Lochia</HI> or the Small Pox, and yet a full eruption of either one of them, hindered the others motion; As long as they both proceed|ed moderately, the ca&s;e, being left to Nature, was moderate. But when one exceeded, the help of Art was required. Thus it was convenient to u&s;e the curb to the <HI>Lochia</HI> and the &s;pur to the Small Pox.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="77">LXXVII. As to meat, the <HI>Arabians</HI> teach that no Fle&s;h, no not a Chicken is proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e; yea, they condemn yolks of Eggs before the Fever be over, and the Pu&s;tules be &s;uppurated, and &s;cale off. Which &s;eems to be a bad rule, for Children are often Sick, who, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> want much nouri&s;hment: Be&s;ides, before they begin to &s;cale off, 10 or 14 dayes are u&s;ually over: But to keep Children &s;o long a time without &s;ome good food were very pernicious. Wherefore I can by no means follow the <HI>Arabians</HI> advice: But when I &s;ee the Sick are out of all danger, I u&s;e to feed
<PB N="615" REF="273"> them more liberally, &s;o as their &s;trength may be &s;upported, and the &s;olid parts re&s;tored, and then I give them yolks of Eggs in broth with Verjuice or juice of Lemons. And by this way of cure I can atte&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercuriali<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> not one has died in my Hands, &s;ince I practi|&s;ed Phy&s;ick.</P>
<P N="78">LXXVIII. The Mea&s;les and Small Pox agree in this, that the Pu&s;tules in each are cau&s;ed by the ebullition of the Blood, while Nature &s;eparates the bad from the pure, and forces it out to the Skin: wherefore one may ea&s;ily gather, that Na|ture mu&s;t not at that time be diverted from &s;uch expul&s;ion by gro&s;s or much food, or that is hard of dige&s;tion. But, that Nature may do her work the better, and may drive the noxious Humours from within towards the Skin more conveniently, and le&s;t &s;ome Humour might be detained in &s;ome of the inner parts, we mu&s;t give them meat that is a little cooling, and gently a&s;tringent; for &s;uch as this &s;trengthens the parts, that they can more &s;trongly drive out what is trouble&s;ome, be&s;ides, it has a virtue to repel hot Humours. Wherefore the broth of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Lentils, with the herb Sorel, green Coriander, Oyl, Vinegar and Salt is very good; Al&s;o Gourd boyled, with Pur&s;lane, Oyl, Vinegar and Salt; Pti&s;an, as we prepared it in colliquating Fevers, is very good for them. All things mu&s;t be avoided,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">dus,</HI> de victu febri|cit. l. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>22.</HI></NOTE> which increa&s;e Blood, or add to its ebul|lition. Wherefore in the beginning, while they have &s;trength, chicken broth, and all &s;weet and un|ctuous things mu&s;t be avoided.</P>
<P N="79">LXXIX. But when they begin to go off, it is good to mix &s;uch things in meat as loo&s;en the Bel|ly, as Prunes, Violets, Borage and the like. But Prunes that have an A&s;tringent Faculty, as <HI>French</HI> and <HI>Spani&s;h,</HI> may be u&s;ed all the time, boyled with black Maiden-hair, or Pur&s;lane, or Plantain. And let the drink of &s;uch as have the Small Pox or Mea&s;les,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> be Barly water boyled with black Maiden|hair and Pomegranate.</P>
<P N="80">LXXX. There are &s;ome, who give Lettuce boyl|ed in Vinegar, and the pulp of Citrul and water-Melon; And &s;ome give water of water-Melon to drink. But, as I think, the&s;e Meats do more hurt than good: Becau&s;e they hinder Nature's expul&s;i|on, and by their exce&s;&s;ive coldne&s;s retard the come|ing out of the Pu&s;tules; for &s;uch expul&s;ions as the&s;e from within to the Skin, are made by Na|ture, the matter inclining that way, becau&s;e it is then turned to Vapors, being of a thin &s;ub&s;tance. Wherefore as the ebullition mu&s;t not be encrea&s;ed by hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> fuming things, &s;o neither may it be extin|gui&s;hed by exce&s;&s;ive cooling things.</P>
<P N="81">LXXXI. Whenever the Small Pox are epidemi|cal, and have grievous and dangerous Symptomes attending them, we mu&s;t take care quickly to re|move Children and the younger &s;ort, who have not yet had the Small Pox, into a more whole&s;ome Air, where no Small Pox reign, and to keep them there till they either cea&s;e or grow more kindly. But on the contrary if they be kindly and well conditioned, that is, if mo&s;t People have but few, if they come quickly and ea&s;ily to &s;uppuration, and if they fall off without any notable disfiguring, then I am &s;o far from per&s;wading you to avoid the Air that breeds the Small Pox, that on the contra|ry I think it advi&s;able, to let the Children, that are yet well,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> be in the &s;ame Chamber with the Sick, to the end they may have the Small Pox, while they are gentle.</P>
<P>(Of the Mea&s;les &s;ee more BOOK XI.)</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In the Small Pox and Mea&s;les Oyl of Gold is very good. &para; The u&s;e of <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> is good for Children,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE> when you fear they will have the Small Pox. &para; <HI>Mercurius vitae fixus</HI> is very good in the Small Pox.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is admirable good for a &s;car in the Eyes left by the Small Pox; Take of juice of Da&s;y cla|rified 2 ounces, juice of red Poppy 1 ounce, water of Honey 6 drachms. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE> Drop a little in|to the corner of the Eye.</P>
<P N="3">3. This is very good to take out the pitting of the Small Pox; Take of Oyl Olive 1 ounce and an half, juices of Lemon 6 ounces, wa&s;ht Litharge, a&s;hes of burnt Snail each half an ounce, fat of an Hen half an ounce. Mix them for a Liniment,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> af|ter which the Face may be wa&s;hed with a Decoc|tion of Lupins.</P>
<P N="4">4. To drive out the Small Pox give <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s de|coction, of Figs, excorticated Lentils, and traga|canth. Take it 4 or 5 times Morning and Evening.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> &para; A draught al&s;o of Fenil water Morning and Evening is good.</P>
<P N="5">5. I ordered one that had the Small Pox in his Throat, continually to gargle with Goats Milk and Plantain water mixt together warm, which mi|raculou&s;ly pre&s;erved him. For the &s;ame purpo&s;e, I ordered him often to &s;wallow Syrup of Pomegra|nates by degrees, becau&s;e I had often tried the admirable benefit of it in the like ca&s;e. &para; Among things that drive out, &s;ome commend water de&s;til|led off Lime flowers, as a thing very good for it.</P>
<P N="6">6. I have found the following powder admira|ble good in the Small Pox, and in all contagious Di&s;ea&s;es. Take of Salt of A&s;h 8 or 10 Grains, <HI>Be|zoardicum minerale</HI> from 5 grains to 10. Mix them with <HI>Aqua cornu cervi citrata,</HI> and Angelica water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Lud. 2 Frundekk.</NOTE> It is a mo&s;t effectual, Antilemick, Diaphoretick drink.</P>
<P N="7">7. To bring out the Mea&s;les and Small Pox, this is highly commended; Take juice of Fenil and Par&s;ly, wet a cloth in them warm, and &s;o let the Children be wrapt up therein warm. Or, Take Par&s;ly and Fenil water, wet a double Linnen Cloth in them, wrap the Child up in it warm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dav. Lip&s;e|lius.</NOTE> repeating it often, it brings out the Small Pox powerful|ly.</P>
<P N="8">8. To take off the ill colour of the Skin; Take of Lupines, Beans, Barly each 1 pugil and an half, pound them after a gro&s;s manner; boyl them in a &s;ufficient quantity of water, till the water grow as thick as Pap.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> Wa&s;h the Face and Hands Morning and Evening.</P>
<P N="9">9. I can atte&s;t, that by giving half a drachm or a drachm of Columbine Seed in powder, with Mede, or the di&s;tilled water of Fumitory, <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> or Harts-horn I have &s;aved &s;everal Children in the Mea&s;les from the Grave.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. The Oyl of Tender Harts-horn and the Skull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tachius Rhudius.</NOTE> may &s;erve Children in&s;tead of <HI>Bezoar,</HI> e&s;pecially in the Small Pox and Mea&s;les.</P>
<P N="11">11. The red Oyntment for Children, which is mo&s;t Famous in the Small Pox and Mea&s;les, when you fear them; for the benefit of it is un&s;peaka|ble, if a little of it be given a Child or a grown Per&s;on in &s;mall Wine, and then the Patient be co|vered with Clothes till he &s;weat, by which Reme|dy whatever corruption is within, it will break out at the Skin all over. It is made thus; Take of new fre&s;h Butter, that was never &s;alted 2 pounds, <HI>Alcanna</HI> root 2 ounces, red Wine 1 pound, Ca&s;tor 6 drachms, let the roots brui&s;ed be &s;teeped in the Wine for a day, then add the B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tter, and boyl them on a gentle Fire till the Wine be con&s;umed,
<PB N="616" REF="274"> &s;train it, and then put in the Ca&s;tor. &para; Oyl and Bal|&s;ame of Ro&s;emary are approved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Steph. Strobelber|gerus.</NOTE> in taking out the Pits of the Small Pox, and re&s;toring the Face to its former Beauty.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Venena,</HI> or Poy&s;ons.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They act not by occult qualities. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many lies are told by Authors concerning them. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t well con&s;ider their &s;everal differences. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they may ever &s;erve in&s;tead of Medicines? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether two Poy&s;ons one de&s;troy the other? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be opened? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging is proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Poy&s;on cured by Vomiting. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How, when Poy&s;on is taken inwardly, it may be got out by Vo|miting. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bezoarticks either re&s;pect the Blood, and re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction; <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they hinder the Ichore&s;cence, re&s;olution, and rare faction of it. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they re&s;pect the <HI>Serum</HI> in promoting its motion, and hindring coagulation. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>No Alexipharmack re&s;i&s;ts all Poy&s;ons alike. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The promi&s;cuous u&s;e of them is not convenient. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the beginning there is mo&s;t need of Volatils. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For whom the temperate and mild are mo&s;t proper? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Poy&s;on is not removed only by Sweat. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not tru&s;t too much to things made of Serpents, and Vipers, nor to Bezoar. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Su&s;pected Alexipharmacks mu&s;t not be u&s;ed. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Taken betimes before one go to Sleep, more efficacious. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Volatils are not &s;o proper for Cacochymick Per&s;ons. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not mind the fir&s;t qualities in Alexipharmacks too much. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The malignity contracted from Poy&s;onous Metallick Fumes, mu&s;t be cured by mineral Medicines. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alexitericks outwardly applied are good for Venomous &s;tings. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they may be taken for pre&s;ervation &s;ake? <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether every venomous Creature carry its Antidote with it? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether from once or the repeated taking of the Viperine or Ser|pentine powder, one can be ever after &s;afe from the biting of Serpents? <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Antidote of a Scorpion. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acids correct mo&s;t vegetable Poy&s;ons. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are not good after eating Mu&s;hromes. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hemlock is not mortal becau&s;e of its coldne&s;s. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor Henbane. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of each, when taken. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine be the Antidote of Hemlock? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking of Milk is good after taking it. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Antimony be Poy&s;onous? <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Quick&s;ilver be Poy&s;onous? <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Antidote of <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate and of Ar&s;enick. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Ar&s;enick is taken, whether drinking cold water be pro|per? <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cinnabar may &s;afely be taken inwardly. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Milk curdled on the Stomach mu&s;t be Vomited up. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of an unknown Poy&s;on. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Poy&s;on drawn out by inclo&s;ing the Patient in a Mule, when his Guts were taken out. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Remedy of a <HI>Philtrum</HI> found out by chance. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Di&s;ea&s;es cau&s;ed by Witchcraft be curable? <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed by a Witch. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of Poy&s;on contracted from bewitching. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether, upon taking Poy&s;on, preparers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;hould be premi&s;ed? <HI>XLVIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. NOw that we are treating of the manner how Alexipharmacks act, we pre&s;uppo&s;e, that Poy&s;ons violently oppo&s;e the innate heat, or the con&s;i&s;tency of the Blood and <HI>Serum,</HI> and their inti|mate mixture. 2. That they do not work &s;o much by occult, as by manife&s;t qualities (in regard of the &s;aid <HI>Hypothe&s;is</HI>) inasmuch as they cau&s;e a more or le&s;s violent re&s;olution of the Blood, according to the degrees of energy in acting. Hence, as many er|rors have &s;prung up in Phy&s;ick, Phy&s;icians not tho|roughly con&s;idering, in what the nature of Poy&s;ons con&s;i&s;ts, and acquie&s;cing in their occult quality on|ly, &s;o al&s;o they have been mi&s;taken about the acti|vity and virtue of Alexipharmacks, which have been hitherto thought to work by &s;ome occult quality, whence aro&s;e &s;o many Elogies of the <HI>Be|zoar</HI> Stone, that it has been reckoned the conqueror of all Poy&s;ons, and &s;o in the Unicorn.</P>
<P N="2">II. This is to be ob&s;erved as a general rule con|cerning particular Poy&s;ons, wherever a particular Poy&s;on is not known, we mu&s;t fly to general Anti|dotes; but if it be known, we mu&s;t oppo&s;e to it, be&s;ides Univer&s;als, which &s;trengthen the Heart and the innate heat, Specificks, that is, proper contra|ries. And then likewi&s;e we mu&s;t take notice, that there are many Lies in Books concerning Poy&s;ons, and there are both Poy&s;ons and Antidotes de&s;cri|bed, which were never &s;een, u&s;ed, or any way ap|plied.</P>
<P N="3">III. Poy&s;on directly oppo&s;ite to our nature is threefold. It hurts, 1. The Spirits. 2. The Hu|mours. 3. The &s;olid Parts: According to the dif|ferences whereof the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be diligent and cautious: Nor let him think, that Mithridate or Treacle or Treacle water can conquer all Di&s;ea|&s;es. And among all Poy&s;ons they are the wor&s;t, that hurt the Spirits, both becau&s;e they po&s;&s;e&s;s the noble&s;t parts, and becau&s;e they are difficultly known: For &s;ince they are not vi&s;ible, but for the mo&s;t part aerial, they enter the Body by Smelling or Breathing, and not by meat or drink. Hence it is, that oftentimes there can be no &s;u&s;picion of Poy&s;on, and the rather, becau&s;e, while the Poy&s;on is not yet well rooted, &s;ome accidents common to other Di&s;ea&s;es appear, which deceive the Phy&s;ici|an. Let him therefore have Medicines prepared, which may cheri&s;h and defend the Spirits, by ex|pelling the Poy&s;on, which is directly oppo&s;ite to the Spirits: Nor &s;hould he let a Poy&s;oned Prince alone through his negligence, to dye afterwards mi&s;erable, as if he had only a little Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 27. <HI>Pentec.</HI> 3.</NOTE> or &s;ome &s;light Di&s;ea&s;e. But no Phy&s;icians treat of Spiritu|ous Poy&s;ons.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Many who do things hap hazard, take all|mo&s;t all their Medicines from Poy&s;ons prepared, when yet this &s;hould only be done in de&s;perate Di&s;ea&s;es, when gentle things have been tried in vain, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> becau&s;e very bad Symptomes ari&s;e, and often times death, upon ap|plying them only outwardly. So a certain Noble-Woman, who de&s;ired to make her Brea&s;ts le&s;s, by the advice of a certain Phy&s;ician applyed Hemlock to them: So another, to get the marks out of her Paps and the top of her Brea&s;t, applied a Remedy made of Ar&s;enick and other Poy&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 3.</NOTE> But both of them, while they were careful to pre&s;erve their Beauties, lo&s;t their Lives.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some &s;ay, if two Poy&s;ons be taken inwardly, they will fight one with another, and leave the Bo|dy unhurt, as <HI>Pliny</HI> writes of Wolfsbane, that if it find an equal Poy&s;on to contend with, it will be ut|terly de&s;troyed by its equal Poy&s;on, and the Man will live; but if it find no &s;uch Poy&s;on, it kills a Man. And the &s;tory in <HI>Au&s;onious</HI> of an Adultere&s;s who gave her Husband Poy&s;on, and thinking what &s;he had given too little, &s;he gave him Quick&s;ilver; either of which alone, the Poet thinks would have
<PB N="617" REF="274"> poy&s;oned him; but both together one de&s;troyed the other. I cannot allow this, for I know, that Wolfs-bane taken by a &s;ound, or by a poy&s;oned Man, has alwayes a mortal faculty. And I &s;hould think that Phy&s;ician very ill advi&s;ed, who &s;hould give one Poy&s;on after another, that one might weaken the other. <HI>Au&s;onius</HI> his Adultere&s;s cured her Husband, not becau&s;e of the fighting of the two Poy&s;ons together, as he thinks, but becau&s;e of the weight of the Quick-&s;ilver, that carried down the other Poy&s;on before it was actuated.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Avicenna</HI> &s;ayes, that in the Venome of Veno|mous Creatures, which go right to the Heart, Bleeding drives the Venome to the Heart.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Palmarius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. We know that <HI>Dia&s;corides</HI> and other ancient Phy&s;icians evacuated generally in curing of Poy&s;ons. In the Poy&s;on of a Sea-Hare, <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 30. he gives a drachm of Hellebore and Scammony. <HI>Avicenna</HI> in the bite of a Viper gives Turpeth, and writing of Agarick, he &s;ayes, it is very good again&s;t Poy&s;ons, if it be taken in Wine: And not only as it acts from propriety, which many of the moderns have thought, but as it purges, for he gives almo&s;t 2 drachms of it, which quantity will purge &s;ufficient|ly.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rubaeus,</HI> in Cel&s;um.</NOTE> But if purging would hurt tho&s;e that are poy&s;oned, &s;o great a quantity of it had not been given.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A Savoyard, a &s;trong Man and Phlegmatick about 40 years old, dwelling near the lake <HI>Lemane,</HI> was, together with his Wife, poy&s;oned at a Fea&s;t. She died a little after, he, being very ill, left the care of burying his Wife to his Friends, and cro&s;&s;ed the Lake to me about 6 a clock in the Morning. Aphori&s;m 6.1. of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> came into my mind. Wherefore when I found, that the Poy&s;on was &s;till in his Stomach, from his pain, belching and other &s;igns, and therefore there mu&s;t be occa&s;ion for a &s;trong Vomit, I gave him immediately 6 grains of prepared Antimony in &s;ub&s;tance (for the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e would not admit me to give the In|fu&s;ion) with 2 &s;cruples of <HI>Confectio Alkermes,</HI> and a little Harts-horn burnt and prepared. The &s;ame day after he had Vomited much, the pain and burning at his Stomach almo&s;t wholly abated. Eve|ry day after he took &s;ome &s;trengthening Electuary. For his ordinary drink he had nothing but Almond Milk with Sugar and a little burnt Harts-horn pre|pared.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> Within a few dayes he was perfectly well.</P>
<P N="9">IX. If Poy&s;ons be taken inwardly the whole &s;tre&s;s of the Cure lies on Vomiting, and giving of Alexipharmacks after. And the Vomits mu&s;t not be &s;trong and malignant, but gentle and made of &s;uch things as have a &s;moothne&s;s in them, as water with common Oyl, of <HI>Se&s;amum,</HI> Nuts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> that if the Poy&s;on have any Acrimony or Corro&s;ive virtue in it, it may be taken off, and the internal parts guar|ded as it were again&s;t it, &s;uch as the &s;aid Oyls, or fat broth with a Decoction of Broom-flowers, Milk, Butter, Radi&s;h and the like. Nor is it &s;ufficient to provoke Vomit once, but it mu&s;t be continued &s;o long, till no more &s;igns of the &s;trength of the Poy&s;on in the Stomach can be found,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rtus</NOTE> from ta&s;te, &s;mell, reaching, pain and biting.</P>
<P N="10">X. But Alexipharmacks or Bezoarticks are ei|ther 1. Re&s;i&s;ters of putrefaction, and things that pre&s;erve its oyly parts &s;afe, that it may not turn flat, and that by inflaming and inlivening it, and indeed the more volatil, &s;uch as bitter Aromatick, Oyly and Bal&s;amick things are, Angelica, the Car|line thi&s;tle, Zedoary, Myrrhe, <HI>Opobal&s;am<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m,</HI> Juniper berries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;harp Volatils, Sulphureous and Saline things, as Plow-man's treacle, Garlick, Camphire, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Spirit of Harts-horn, Ivory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and acid, by concentrating &amp; penetrating together, Juice of Ci|tron, Vinegar, <HI>Acetum Bezoarticum.</HI> And the&s;e are e&s;pecially proper in Epidemick Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;ing from a thorow putrefaction, as the &s;tench of dead Bodies, al&s;o for Fevers in Lying-in-Women, both for prevention and cure, al&s;o in the biting of a mad Dog and of Spiders.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Or. 2. They hinder Ichore&s;cence, re&s;oluti|on, and too great rarefaction of the Blood, and &s;o re&s;pect the tie, and as it were the individual <HI>copula</HI> and conjunction of the <HI>Serum</HI> and Blood, whether they be a little au&s;tere A&s;tringents, in which re&s;pect Tor|mentil and Bi&s;tort are Famous, but not &s;o conve|nient for co&s;tive People; Or Mucilaginous, as <HI>Cor|nu corvi Philo&s;ophicum,</HI> Gelly of it, <HI>Scorzonera;</HI> or earthy Ab&s;orbents, and precipitaters of the re&s;olutive fer|ment, as burnt Hartshorn, <HI>&V;nicornu fo&s;&s;ile,</HI> Bezoar &s;tone Oriental and Occidental, and the Bezoarticks of the Chymi&s;ts, which have no peculiar Alexi|pharmack virtue, but only to &s;oak up and di&s;per&s;e, wherefore we mu&s;t not alwayes tru&s;t them; Or Acids, which obtund the Sulphur of the Blood, as acid Spirits, volatil Spirit of Salt, compound Spirit of Salt and Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or Opiates, which indeed, e&s;pecially joyned with other things, de&s;erve to be reckoned among Bezoarticks, &s;o they be given as they &s;hould, and at a due time. For if any thing do it, certainly Opiates pre&s;erve the Bond of the <HI>Serum</HI> and Blood inviolable, wherefore Treacle made without <HI>Opium</HI> does not cau&s;e Sweat, nor an|&s;wer expectation. And the&s;e are very good, e&s;pe|cially in the Sweating Sickne&s;s, a Malignant, Epi|demical Dy&s;entery, and in other Malignant Di&s;ea|&s;es, where there is heat in the Bowels.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Or 3. They promote <HI>Serum</HI> and its motion, and hinder its coagulation and thickning by boyl|ing (if I may &s;o &s;ay) &s;uch as, be&s;ides &s;ome of the fore&s;aid things, that make it fluid, as Salt or Ni|trous things, or volatil both Urinous and Mercu|rial ones, as native Cinnabar, Cinnabar of Antimo|ny, <HI>Mercurius fixus diaphoreticus.</HI> For it mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved as a rule, In Malignant Fevers, wherever the <HI>Serum</HI> is as it were coagulated, and then no Sweat can be got, but all things are burnt up as it were, Cinnabarines prudently mixt with other Bezoar|dicks, do mightily promote its fluidity. But if the Blood incline to di&s;&s;olution and ichore&s;cence, they mu&s;t be wholly avoided, nor are they &s;afe or to be tru&s;ted in the convul&s;ive motions, which then fol|low, from which very thing a va&s;t difference in their power of acting ari&s;es: And things that in|crea&s;e it in &s;ub&s;tance or quantity, and refre&s;h, and dilute it, as di&s;tilled waters, Decoctions, Infu&s;ions, and e&s;pecially Emul&s;ions, which in Malignant Di|&s;ea&s;es are of great advantage to this very end: For unle&s;s this <HI>Serum</HI> be re&s;tored, which it may be by plentiful drinking (&s;o it be not too much) all en|deavours be&s;ides are to no purpo&s;e, and &s;leep e|&s;pecially cannot be recovered, but a violent <HI>delirium</HI> mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity ari&s;e from continual waking, and then convul&s;ive motions. The&s;e things are good in general for Poy&s;ons, either given de&s;ignedly, or taken by mi&s;take, by defending the Heart and pre|&s;erving the tone of the Blood inviolable, and for Malignant and Pe&s;tilential Fevers, Hungarian, Spotted Fevers, of Lying-in-Women, Small Pox and Mea&s;les, and &s;uch contagious and ill natured Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. No one Alexipharmack does equally re&s;i&s;t all Poy&s;ons, and therefore no more mu&s;t be attri|buted to any than what experience can te&s;tifie. There are indeed three of general u&s;e, which a good Phy&s;ician cannot be without; The Bezoar|dick Tincture in a liquid form: Treacle and Mi|thridate in a middle form (whither the like Ele|ctuaries, Orvietan, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be referred) very an|tient Medicines, approved by &s;o many ages, and therefore, though they be made up of a &s;trange Medly of Ingredients, not lightly to be rejected: In a &s;olid form, Bezoartick powders, but great prudence is required in giving them.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The promi&s;cuous u&s;e of Alexipharmacks is not convenient, therefore the di&s;tinction of them according to their &s;trength is nece&s;&s;ary, into Vola|til,
<PB N="618" REF="275"> Middle and Fixt. Therefore <HI>Wei&s;&s;elius</HI> in <HI>Cra|to</HI>'s Epi&s;tles 248 wi&s;ely di&s;tingui&s;hed &s;uch Medi|cines into a twofold <HI>Cla&s;&s;is,</HI> namely, Of Ab&s;orbents, or of Hydroticks and Sudorificks properly &s;o call|ed, which except it be done, a great deal of am|biguity and controver&s;ie mu&s;t ari&s;e, yea and by this means the application will be wor&s;e than Em|pirical.</P>
<P N="15">XV. In the beginning Volatils are mo&s;t needful, for greater penetration and quicker di&s;cur&s;ion: Al|&s;o where the Malignity is intimate, when nature cea&s;es from expul&s;ion of the Fever Spots, Small Pox or Mea&s;les, or the&s;e <HI>exanthemata</HI> &s;eem to go in, with difficulty of Breathing, oppre&s;&s;ion at the Heart, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In the proge&s;s more fixt ones, where namely there is mo&s;t need of alteration and precipitation, e&s;pecially about the &s;tate and declen&s;ion, when the Tumult is laid, Watry things are of a middle na|ture, and may be joyned to either.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. The more temperate and mild are mo&s;t proper for Women with Child, Infants and weak Per&s;ons, and where the Blood enclines mo&s;t to Ichore&s;cence. Wherefore when Treacle is not pro|per, <HI>Dia&s;cordium Fraca&s;torii,</HI> as a more temperate one, has place. Where there is no place for <HI>Tinctura Be|zoartica,</HI> though it may be qualified, there a Bezo|artick powder may be given: For if too Volatil things be given to &s;uch, the rarefaction of the Blood is the more increa&s;ed, and &s;o further mi&s;chief may ari&s;e.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Poy&s;on is not removed only by Sweat: for the <HI>Serum</HI> mu&s;t not be wa&s;ted too much; Where|fore neither hot things alone, nor temperate things alone, nor &s;weating alone with any Medicine what|ever, is &s;ufficient. In which thing both the vulgar are mi&s;taken, who think they can do all things with powder of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> or Harts-horn, and the Phy&s;icians al&s;o, who weary their Patients with con|tinual Sweating: for all things &s;hould be done ac|cording to Nature's duct and indication.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We mu&s;t not tru&s;t too much to Medicines made of Serpents, Vipers, to Bezoar Stone, Uni|corn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For Salt of Vipers among Volatil things de&s;erves high commendation; Bezoar Stone and Unicorn among fixt ones; but let no Phy&s;ician tru&s;t to the powder of Vipers, nor let him believe in general, that by the&s;e alone he can conquer this Lernaean <HI>Hydra,</HI> to wit, the Poy&s;on.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is better to ab&s;tain from things &s;u&s;pected than to u&s;e them, at lea&s;t not alone, &s;uch as <HI>Nux vo|mica,</HI> root of Leopards bane, although it be much u&s;ed to make Men vertiginous: For it is better to u&s;e &s;elect things, than to rely on an uncertain ef|fect, which, if it &s;ucceed ill, may be a&s;cribed to the Medicine.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Alexipharmacks taken betimes before one go to Sleep, are more effectual, yea by this means Men often quite nip the Di&s;ea&s;e in the Bud, which is <HI>Helmont</HI>'s ob&s;ervation, and mo&s;t agreeable to ex|perience. Therefore one mu&s;t not &s;leep upon them, for in Sleep the Poy&s;on may ea&s;ily creep to the Heart.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. And Volatils are inconvenient, e&s;pecially for Cacochymick Bodies; wherefore upon urgent occa&s;ion leniments, and Bal&s;amick evacuaters may be u&s;ed. But though the Malignity be great, yet we mu&s;t have a care, that we confound not the Humours with any Alexipharmacks promi&s;cu|ou&s;ly.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. And then Authors advi&s;e, &s;ince Alexiphar|macks are of divers temperaments, to oppo&s;e cold Poy&s;ons, with hot Alexipharmacks, hot with cold, dry with moi&s;t, moi&s;t with dry. Which when it can be done, I do not di&s;approve; But I think we &s;hould more regard the Alexipharmack virtue which is properly oppo&s;ed to the Poy&s;on, than the manife&s;t qualities. And therefore both Treacle and Mithridate, which are hot, are given in hot Poy|&s;ons with &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Let the&s;e that Live at the metallick Mines, and at the Furnaces, as al&s;o Gold&s;miths, Chymi&s;ts and &s;uch take care that they never be without &s;ome proper Remedy ready at hand, &s;ee|ing this of the Poet is true here, <HI>Principiis ob&s;ta (hin|der the beginning.</HI>) One having Poy&s;on, it may be Sub|limate, given him privately, he &s;welled immediate|ly in his Head, Lips, Mouth, and all his Body over: A violent heat in his Throat followed with Convul|&s;ions: he was given over for lo&s;t by all: <HI>T. Knoblo|chius</HI> gave him <HI>Turpethum minerale</HI> in a large do&s;e thrice in 24 hours, which wrought violently upwards and downwards, then gave him &s;trengthening things, and he recovered perfectly. So we &s;hall &s;carce be able any other way to expel the malignity of me|tallick Fumes than by mineral Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius. <HI>l.</HI> 7. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 25.</NOTE> Thus a Gold&s;mith's Boy being very ill of an <HI>A&s;thma,</HI> was cured by <HI>Mercurius dulcis.</HI></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. They mi&s;take, who think Alexitericks &s;hould not be outwardly applied to the &s;tings and bites of Venemous Creatures, but only be given inwardly: for they think, that if Alexitericks be applied outwardly, they will be &s;o far from draw|ing out the Poy&s;on, that they would rather &s;trike it in, Which I allow may hold good in true Alexi|pharmacks: But if &s;ome Medicine &s;hould con&s;i&s;t of Poy&s;ons and Alexipharmacks, it might do both; by its venome attract through &s;imilitude,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and by its Alexipharmack virtue cure it.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. <HI>Averroes lib. de Theriaca</HI> and 5. <HI>collig. c.</HI> 32. writes, that Bezoardick Medicines are only of u&s;e, when the body is infected with poy&s;on, but that they do hurt to healthy bodies, if given to them: yet he excepts one, which is Citron-&s;eed, this is good for bodies in health. And again&s;t Treacle e&s;pecially he u&s;es 3 Arguments. 1. That all its Vertues are &s;o di&s;po&s;ed, that when they &s;uffer nothing from Poy&s;on, they become like poy&s;on, them&s;elves. 2. That Treacle attracts Poy&s;on, and therefore &s;ince attraction is made by &s;imilitude, it mu&s;t be like poy&s;on, and therefore not fit for &s;ound bodies. 3. That is a very &s;trong Medicine, and of great Activity. But <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion is better, who <HI>l. de Theriaca ad Pi&s;onem c.</HI> 16. and 1. <HI>de antid. c.</HI> 16. commends Treacle as a mo&s;t excellent Medicine to defend bo|dies again&s;t poy&s;on: with whom <HI>Avicenna l. de vir. cor|dis,</HI> and almo&s;t all other Phy&s;icians agree, yea expe|rience it &s;elf &s;hews, that what things are true and genuine Alexipharmacks, may al&s;o &s;afely, and with benefit be given to &s;ound bodies, to defend them again&s;t Poy&s;on. And &s;ound bodies can by no means be poy&s;oned with true Alexipharmacks, as <HI>Aver|roes</HI> would have it, but rather acquire from them a certain property repugnant to Poy&s;ons. 2. And Trea|cle does not attract but re&s;i&s;t Poy&s;on. 3. Although it be &s;trong and of great activity, yet given in a certain do&s;e and with caution, it has its place even in &s;ound people: as is manife&s;t from the example of <HI>Mithridates,</HI> and &s;ome <HI>Roman</HI> Emperors. Yet ob|&s;erve the difference of Alexipharmacks: for &s;ome of them have no quality in exce&s;s, as Bezoar, <HI>terra figillata,</HI> Bole Armenick, Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which may &s;afely be given to any age and body. But &s;uch as are hot and dry, as Treacle and Mithridate, mu&s;t be given with caution, and care mu&s;t be taken,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that no damage follow the exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of them.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It may be queried, Whether every veno|mous creature carry its antidote with it, and whether its fle&s;h be good again&s;t its bite or &s;ting. I &s;ay, this Po&s;ition holds not univer&s;ally true, for however the fat of Vipers, according to our own experience, a&s;&s;wage the wound inflicted by its bite, and the Oyl of Scorpions their own &s;ting: yet this is not equally extended to all. For as to the Viperine and Serpentine Powder in particular, fir&s;t, I &s;ay, the bitings of Serpens are not &s;o hurtful, yea &s;arce venomous: the Serpent is a dull creature, and if one &s;et on it boldly, it may be handled and killed without harm, and it has far le&s;s teeth: But the Vi|per
<PB N="619" REF="275"> darts its Poy&s;on far quicker into the Body, for it has crooked Teeth, which Serpents have not, and by wounding with the&s;e crooked &s;angs they hurt the Membranous and Nervous parts e&s;pecially, and be&s;ides their <HI>Saliva</HI> full of bile, or a &s;harp volatil Salt, gets into the wound, whereupon a preterna|tural, corruptive Fermentation ari&s;es. And then we mu&s;t not altogether and univer&s;ally give credit to this <HI>Hypothe&s;is,</HI> That the Fle&s;h of Vipers or Ser|pents expels their own Poy&s;on, either in the cure or prevention: for it were better to drive out the putrid ferment, and hinder the afflux of Humours by Sudorificks and Alexipharmacks, le&s;t becau&s;e of a cau&s;tick, volatil Salt, communicated to the part and Blood, that part it &s;elf &s;hould be Gangre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed, and Convul&s;ive motions &s;hould ari&s;e. Nor does the vulgar <HI>Hypothe&s;is</HI> hold good, that when one has taken powder of Vipers or Serpents, for this very Anti|dote Serpents may be handled without harm: for &s;ome who have in this manner been over confident, have had the reward of their confidence. Two No|blemen thinking them&s;elves &s;ecure in taking pow|der of Vipers before hand, did neverthele&s;s after this incur danger, and were not well, till imme|diately after they had taken a Bezoardick.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Whether are they, who have once or oftner taken the powder of Serpents or Vipers, for the future, &s;afe from the bites of tho&s;e Crea|tures? I an&s;wer, It is not confirmed by experi|ence, that if any man have taken the fore&s;aid pow|der, he is free from the bites of the &s;aid Creatures, &s;ince it has been often tried, that they who ha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> u&s;ed this prophylactick, have neverthele&s;s, when they have been bitten in a Nervous place and very deep by Vipers or Serpents, provoked to anger and chafed, violent Convul&s;ions and other dire Symp|tomes immediately ari&s;ing, ended their dayes in Groans and Sighs. Be&s;ides, if this a&s;&s;ertion were univer&s;ally true, it would follow, that when a Vi|per bites a Viper, and one man another, there would be no danger in biting one another, &s;ince all the bitten Viper con&s;i&s;ts of the matter of the Vipe|rine powder, and &s;o would be above the activity of the Symbolical Poy&s;on: But it has been tried that a Viper bitten by a Viper has died; and al&s;o that a Man bitten by another enraged Man, has been in danger of his Life. Therefore in <HI>Italy,</HI> when Men are bitten by Vipers, they are cured not on|ly by taking the powder or fle&s;h of Vipers, but by &s;peedy Ligatures, Scarifications, Cauterizations, attrahents, and by expellers and Alexipharmacks given inwardly. And whereas &s;ome can handle all &s;orts of Serpents as they li&s;t, without danger, though they never took any powder of Serpents, I think this comes. 1. From &s;ome peculiar gift or property, granted by Nature to this or the other Man, and &s;ometimes to &s;ome whole families. 2. From &s;ome mens &s;ingular boldne&s;s, joyned with a great dexterity in handling them. Be&s;ides, provi|dent Nature has implanted a certain dread and fear in Serpents of Men that pur&s;ue them boldly: for all tho&s;e who employ them&s;elves in that bu&s;i|ne&s;s, do confe&s;s that the Serpents are &s;o affraid of them before they &s;ee them, and &s;lide away &s;o fa&s;t, that they can &s;carce overtake them or lay hands on them. It happens quite contrary, if timorous men meet Serpents, being moved with hatred they &s;et upon them, and do them what mi&s;chief they can: Which very fear may much exaggerate the Poy&s;on received from the biting of the&s;e Animals, and di&s;|per&s;e it all over the Body, and by con&s;equence cau&s;e &s;udden death; which Poy&s;on of its own Nature is not &s;o very mortal, ju&s;t as it happens in the Plague, where the timorous are in far greater danger than they who are of a fearle&s;s mind. I will ea&s;ily al&s;o grant, that they who have taken the viperine pow|der, may take heart and &s;trengthen their confi|dence from thence, &s;o that thenceforth they may not from &s;uch hurts be in &s;o great danger of their lives: for they will &s;light the hurt, and therefore will be but &s;lightly (yet <HI>caeteris paribus</HI>) thereby af+fected.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Z<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">vefferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Pliny</HI> &s;ayes that Scorpions in <HI>Italy</HI> are &s;ometimes harmle&s;s; neverthele&s;s at <HI>Padua</HI> I have ob&s;erved their &s;trings to &s;well much and be very painful. <HI>Petrus &agrave; Ca&s;tro</HI> ob&s;erved the venome to re|turn in him&s;elf and a hen a year after: For when the Sun was pa&s;&s;ing the Sign <HI>Scorpio,</HI> a black and ve|ry Venemous Scorpion &s;tung him in his Fore fin|ger of his right Hand: he pre&s;ently felt a pain and chilne&s;s in his Arm, and a heavine&s;s in his Fin|ger: The Scorpion was taken and brui&s;ed and ap|plied to the wound, and other Alexipharmacks, but all to little purpo&s;e. He thru&s;t his Finger in|to a Hen's breach, and his pain cea&s;ed in an hour and an half: the Hen &s;welled and was half dead, yet upon &s;wallowing a little Treacle &s;he recover|ed, but halted: Upon the return of the very &s;ame moment of time the next year, the Hen was con|vul&s;e, and fell down trembling and lifele&s;s, till &s;he was re&s;tored by taking a little Treacle. That Ex|cellent Per&s;on felt the pain in his Finger return at the &s;ame time, with a Phlegmonous tumour, who, after &s;harp and yellow <HI>pus</HI> had been evacuated, and Antidotes given, he was perfectly well after it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nt.</HI> 3. <HI>Ch&s;.</HI> 90.</NOTE> <HI>H. Furenius</HI> and I have ob&s;erved at <HI>Padua</HI> that Tobac|co is a Remedy for them.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. It is ob&s;ervable, that Acids correct mo&s;t vegetable Poy&s;ons, as Monks-hood, Deadly Night-&s;hade, which be&s;ides other Symptomes, clo&s;e the Throat, &s;o that Men cannot &s;wallow Hellebore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which is a manife&s;t token, that their mi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hief mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to a volatil Salt, and to a Sulphur, that is immature, indige&s;ted, and invi&s;cated with much mucilage; wherefore when they are either communicated to the Blood or are &s;till floating on the Stomach, they are apt to ob&s;truct the P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">res of the Nerves, and vellicate them, to de&s;troy the frame of the Blood, and to cau&s;e death.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Vomits are good for all, who have eaten Poy&s;on, except &s;uch as have eaten Mu&s;hromes and are in danger of &s;trangling: for they mu&s;t be car|ried downwards, as may be proved from their Anti|dote, the wild Pear, and other A&s;tringent things. Therefore they mu&s;t be carried down with Cly|&s;ters and purging Medicines, and the Mouth of the Stomach mu&s;t be clo&s;ed with A&s;tringents,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ronde<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">et<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us. <HI>p.</HI> 917.</NOTE> as with Quinces, wild Pears, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; Their Alexipharmack, according to <HI>Sanctorius,</HI> is Oyl of Citrons.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Hemlock according to <HI>Dio&s;corides. M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. med. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 79. is a Poy&s;on that kills becau&s;e of its coldne&s;s. Which &s;aying &s;eems to have given Phy|&s;icians the occa&s;ion to determine, that its tempera|ment was cold, without any further &s;earch. But on the contrary many Hi&s;tories of &s;uch as have ea|ten of it, either by chance or through mi&s;take, do &s;how, that it acts on our Bodies, rather by hot, &s;harp, fierce or otherwi&s;e efficacious particles, than by obtu&s;e and torpid ones. Hi&s;tories of &s;everal in <HI>Smetius</HI> his <HI>Mi&s;cel. p.</HI> 599. who eat of the Roots of Hemlock boyled in&s;tead of Par&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eps, prove that it is hot, and does hurt by its hot particles, for they were all mad: Then, it has a nau&s;eous, loath&s;ome &s;cent with it, like wild Par&s;nep. <HI>Galen</HI> 5. <HI>de &s;. m. fac. c.</HI> 18. calls it even aliene and adver&s;e to Man, while it is yet whole: then it pricks the Tongue with a certain Acrimony, and it is manife&s;t, that its &s;harp ta&s;te is hot. Some of it was given to a Dog: he vomitted, and was very convulfe, when his Bo|dy was opened, his Stomach was found contracted and corrugated; the <HI>mucas</HI> being wiped off, the in|ner <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> appeared redder than it ought, and there were red and livid Spots in the bottom of the Stomach. It created a certain anxiety in the Dog by gnawing and convul&s;ing the Nervous parts of his Stomach; Convul&s;ions are an effect of no dull and cold cau&s;e, the red <HI>&s;uperficies</HI> of the folds <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">how it to be hot and almo&s;t cauftick. Therefore
<PB N="620" REF="276"> caution mu&s;t be u&s;ed in reading and imitating tho&s;e who give Alexipharmacks promi&s;cuou&s;ly, before the u&s;e of evacuaters, or when the Hemlock is not di&s;charged out of the Stomach. Many advi&s;e gene|rous Wine; but according to <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Pliny,</HI> drunk with Wine it &s;ooner kills, becau&s;e its Acrimony is encrea&s;ed by the Wine, and more ea&s;ily carried to the Vitals. Therefore let Vomits be given pre|&s;ently to di&s;charge it, and it is not nece&s;&s;ary that they &s;hould violently irritate and provoke the Sto|mach, when the Stomach is already pur&s;ed up, let large draughts of warm water and oyl be often re|peated, for &s;o the wayes are made more lax, and the Vomit comes &s;ooner &amp; with le&s;s &s;training.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepferus</HI> de Cicura Aqua|tica.</NOTE> You mu&s;t proceed in the&s;e draughts, till all the Hem|lock be di&s;charged out of the Stomach.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Henbane is thought cold in the third and dry in the fir&s;t degree, the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> has &s;aid &s;o, and becau&s;e it is u&s;ed &s;ucce&s;sfully to hot de&s;tillations, to thicken, obtund and &s;weeten Rheum. But I reckon the &s;ame fate has befallen Henbane which befell Hemlock, while its virtues have only been cur&s;orily ob&s;erved, and almo&s;t on|ly according to one or two Mens &s;ayings of it. In the year 1649. A Sallet was prepared, who&s;e mat|ter &s;hould have been Cichory roots boyled: they grew on the &s;ame Bed together with Henbane: Hereupon &s;ome found their Heads go round, others had their Tongues and Lips di&s;torted, their Throat har&s;h, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> There was one who &s;tudied to take off the heat of the Mouth with a Gargle, but the Tongue was as if it had been fried in a pan, and refu&s;ed all Medicine. The madne&s;s and intempera|ture, which befel &s;ome, were not &s;o very dull, that they could be imputed to cold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Hemlock (as Henbane al&s;o) is the &s;afe&s;t and certaine&s;t way got out of the Stomach by Vomiting. Purges would carry it off by long wind|ings and turnings, not without danger, whil&s;t a new affliction would be added to the Patient &s;ufficiently afflicted already with the raging torments of his Stomach, when the enemy were forced to the Guts, to which it would be no le&s;s trouble&s;ome than to the Stomach, and &s;ome of them would be le&s;s able to bear it, becau&s;e they are tender, and endued with a mo&s;t exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e. And this mu&s;t be done before the u&s;e of any other Medicines, le&s;t the virulence of the Hemlock be &s;harpned, the irritated &s;tomach be exa&s;perated, and the Hemlock or the ferment of the &s;tomach tainted with its juice, get into the Guts, and being mixt with the Chyle, into the ma&s;s of blood. <HI>Dio&s;cori|des</HI> &s;eems to advi&s;e the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. When all or the greate&s;t &s;hare of the Hemlock is got out of the &s;tomach and guts, <HI>Dia&s;corides de Alexipharma. cap.</HI> 11. thinks, then men &s;hould drink generous wine, as the greate&s;t and mo&s;t pre&s;ent remedy. <HI>Pliny n. h.</HI> 25. <HI>l. c.</HI> 13. without doubt commends a hot Wine, becau&s;e he thought Hemlock among many other things to be cooling, which he plainly intimates, when he affirms, that the juyce made of the &s;eed kills a man by thickning his blood: But &s;ince from many rea&s;ons and expe|riments it is clear, that Hemlock is hot, Wine mu&s;t do good &s;ome other way than by heating; and it appears more probable to me, that Wine, when the Hemlock is got out of the &s;tomach, is therefore a more pre&s;ent remedy, becau&s;e it &s;pee|dily repairs the Spirits lo&s;t by the vehement affli|ction, rai&s;es them oppre&s;t, becau&s;e the circulation of the Blood is &s;ometimes hindred, and &s;ometimes mo&s;t confu&s;ed, and this way above all others it re|&s;tores the &s;trength. Wine will do the&s;e things more effectually, if according to <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> his advice Wormwood, Pepper, Ca&s;tor, Rue, Mint, <HI>Amomum, Etyrax,</HI> Nettle &s;ee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, Bay-leaves, be added, or any of the like nature found out by <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> his fol|lowers. The great Antidotes, Treacle, Mithri|date, Orvietan, will do good, in as much as they di&s;&s;olve the Blood and <HI>lympha,</HI> while they &s;tagnate &s;omewhere or other, their circular Motion be|ing intercepted, through the conflict upon taking the Hemlock, and therefore leave behind them &s;ome oppre&s;&s;ion of the Spirits, wearine&s;s, and other troubles.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Santorellus</HI> his Advice, <HI>Antipr. l.</HI> 21. <HI>cap.</HI> 10. mu&s;t not here be pa&s;&s;ed by, who, after he had not di&s;approved Sudorificks in the fore|&s;aid Ca&s;es, if the Poy&s;on had in&s;inuated it &s;elf to the inmo&s;t Parts, and had preferred for a Poy&s;on newly taken fat things, Milk, Butter, Oyl, &s;ubjoyns at la&s;t, <HI>That drinking of warm Water and Milk, does good, becau&s;e they have a power to extingui&s;h Heat, which Poy&s;ons for the mo&s;t part cau&s;e.</HI> Yet this mu&s;t be carefully ob&s;erved, that Milk mu&s;t not be imme|diately drunk after Wine, nor Wine upon Milk, le&s;t it &s;hould curdle, whence new Di&s;tur|bances might be feared; which they do experi|ence, who endeavour to cure or a&s;&s;wage the Gout by drinking of Milk.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Antimony is as it were the &s;pring and &s;ource of many excellent Medicines, while the energies of all Metalls and Minerals, and the Cures of mo&s;t grievous Di&s;ea&s;es are comprehen|ded in this as in an inexhau&s;tible Aby&s;s, &s;o that whole&s;om Medicines may be got out of this, as out of <HI>Amalthaea</HI>'s Horn, which by di&s;&s;olution and ab&s;ter|&s;ion remove and con&s;ume Impurities and morbifick Ferments which are Enemies to Nature, together with their Anodyne and comforting Virtue. Yet &s;eeing, according to <HI>Paracel&s;us,</HI> it is the mere Marca&s;ite of <HI>Saturn,</HI> having an Ar&s;enical Sulphur in it &s;elf, it is not void of all poy&s;onous Quality: for it has in it a certain &s;ubtil acid Salt, which con&s;i&s;ts of a poy&s;onous Vapor or Steam, almo&s;t of no &s;ub&s;tance; as is manife&s;t from its Gla&s;s; for an halituous Poy&s;on is &s;ent from the Antimony ei|ther by the flame of the Fire, or burning of Ni|tre, then the <HI>Minera,</HI> or its &s;alt Subject is again &s;ated with the &s;aid Spirits of the acid Salt, which yet becau&s;e they con&s;i&s;t of Flame and Ni|tre, are not proper to the Antimony; yet in the mean time they exerci&s;e the &s;ame violence.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Some maintain that Quick&s;ilver is harmle&s;s, becau&s;e it is taken by many, yea, by Children in the Worms, without damage: Others, backed by Experience, &s;ay it is poy&s;onous, be|cau&s;e it, ju&s;t as other Poy&s;ons do, cau&s;es Stupi|dity, Convul&s;ion, Trembling, the Pal&s;y, Epi|lep&s;y, Apoplexy, Swooning, yea, &s;ometimes Death; and they are &s;eldome found to be long-lived, who dig in its Mines. And I think this lat|ter Opinion more con&s;entaneous to Truth. As to the Experience of them that have taken it with|out hurt, that excludes not its veno&s;ity. For, that an Action may be done, a right application of the Agent to the Patient, and &s;ome conti|nuance of time, is required, which if wanting in them that have taken Quick&s;ilver, it can do no hurt: For it is given either alive or prepared: If alive, it is le&s;s hurtful, for &s;eeing it is a Body mo&s;t exactly mixt, and its minime Parts do perti|naciou&s;ly one &s;tick to another, which is the rea&s;on, why it is perpetually moveable, while it is en|tire and alive, and that it does our Bodies little or no harm, but is pre&s;ently voided by &s;tool: for in the very &s;ame manner as a leaden Bullet &s;wallowed, is voided pre&s;ently, without any harm done; but if it be di&s;&s;olved into minime Particles, and tarry till it contract ru&s;t, it may do much mi&s;chief: So, if Quick&s;ilver be taken entire, moveable and coherent to it &s;elf, and by rea&s;on of its mobility be pre&s;ently voided the Body, it does no harm; but if it be re&s;olved into minime Parts, e&s;pecially by the admixtion of Salts, and by their means be fa&s;tned as it were to the Body, and penetrate into it, both out|wardly
<PB N="621" REF="276"> and inwardly u&s;ed it cau&s;es mo&s;t grievous Mi&s;chiefs, as either &s;ublimate or precipitate doth &s;hew. Nor mu&s;t the corro&s;ive Virtue be attribu|ted to the Salts, for in the Fume, that exhales in gilding of Silver there is nothing of Salt, and yet it is exceeding mi&s;chievous: Nor can that little Salt, that is mixt with &s;ublimate or precipi|tate, do &s;o much damage, &s;eeing Salt, though given in a great quantity, does no &s;uch thing. As for prepared <HI>Mercury,</HI> many indeed extoll Mercurial Medicines: &s;ome call the precipitate Powder <HI>Angelicus,</HI> otherwi&s;e prepared <HI>Mercurius vitae:</HI> Some judge, that <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> rightly prepared is as gentle a Medicine, as <HI>Manna,</HI> Tamarinds, or <HI>Ca&s;|&s;ia:</HI> But the&s;e prai&s;es are too high, and their ra&s;hne&s;s is to be blamed, who give <HI>Mercury</HI> in any Di|&s;ea&s;es whatever, for there are many Examples of &s;uch as have peri&s;hed, or been in great danger of their Lives by the u&s;e of &s;uch Medicines: There|fore <HI>Fabricius Hildanus</HI> calls <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> either <HI>Mer|curius mortis</HI> or <HI>vitae aeternae.</HI> It is certain that <HI>Mercu|rius dulcis,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> which yet is reckoned the milde&s;t, may &s;ometimes do mi&s;chief. &para; Although Quicklver, as quick, and moveable, be not Poy&s;on, nor have any affinity with Poy&s;on, &s;o that it has been experienced, it may be taken &s;afely inwardly; yet the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be very cautious in this, le&s;t it be adulterated, or ill prepared, and that he give it not to Hypochondriacks, Splene<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">icks, and others that have too acid a Ferment in there Stomach or a Blood abounding with &s;trong, acid and corro&s;ive volatil Salts, which might ren|der <HI>Mercury</HI> of the Nature of precipitate. For that <HI>Mercury</HI> re&s;olved, whether precipitate or &s;ub|limate, is a Poy&s;on, the dire Symptomes, com|mon to other Poy&s;ons, which it immediately cau&s;es in the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> as &s;oon as it is taken, do e|vince.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. But Precipitate, Ar&s;enick, and Metallicks of the like Nature, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as they act plainly by a manife&s;t, that is, by a corro&s;ive Qua|lity, &s;o Treacle, which is properly de&s;igned for the Venemous bitings of Animals, and was invented therefore, will &s;carce alone do the&s;e any good; but Obtunders and A&s;&s;wagers, fat Things, Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, common Oyl, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;erve in&s;tead of an Antidote. Therefore they who on the Stage do commend their Treacles by taking <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate or Orpiment, do fir&s;t fore-arm them|&s;elves with &s;tore of Butter. Then Praecipitants of mountain Cry&s;tall and other things are given, which of them&s;elves in a &s;light ca&s;e might do good, for though they be given in a large Do&s;e, and Nature do not ea&s;e her &s;elf by &s;pontaneous Vomit, they are in vain; For neither a propor|tion between the Agent and Patient can ea&s;ily be found, nor can the Antidote be &s;o well actu|ated by the Stomach, if the Stomach be ruined, and a mortal E&s;char and a Gangrene be cau|&s;ed therein. Saturnines taken inwards, as lea|den Bullets, do turn into a kind of <HI>Saccharum,</HI> and are corroded by degrees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE> upon taking A|cids.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. <HI>Mercurialis,</HI> writes, that to drink Wa|ter plentifully is admirable good for &s;uch as have taken Ar&s;enick. He proves it fir&s;t from the ex|ample of Dogs, which he put into Caverns, where Ar&s;enick was, and when they were taken out lifele&s;s, he poured Water into them, and they re|vived. Secondly from Mice, which, they &s;ay, e&s;cape, if they drink Water. But as I do not di&s;|like Water, &s;o <HI>Fore&s;tus lib.</HI> 30. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 5. &s;eems well to di&s;approve of drinking cold Water, becau&s;e it checks not the Poy&s;on, but &s;eems rather by its coldne&s;s to retain it in the Body: warm Wa|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ertus.</NOTE> drunk till one vomit, &s;eems more conve|nient.</P>
<P N="40">XL. It is quaeried, whether crude Cinnabar may be given? <HI>D. J. Micha&euml;lis</HI> approved of it, but depurated, which is to be valued in the mo&s;t de&s;|perate Di&s;ea&s;es, with a multitude of Symptomes; for though directly and of it &s;elf it be not a Diaphoretick; yet it is an u&s;eful Exalter, and a mo&s;t pre&s;ent and &s;afe Alexiterick. But Cinnabar of Antimony, &s;ay &s;ome, di&s;&s;olved in warm Wa|ter, turns to a white Powder, of the &s;ame Nature with <HI>Mercurius vitae:</HI> The native is ea&s;ily turned in|to running <HI>Mercury,</HI> and &s;o that back again into Cinnabar: And therefore &s;ince both of them re|tain their pri&s;tine Nature, they may cau&s;e the very &s;ame Symptomes, as <HI>Mercury</HI> either crude or pre|pared. But the&s;e Arguments do not at all deter me from the u&s;e of it; for fir&s;t of all, that mecha|nick one of the tran&s;mutation of Cinnabar of An|timony with hot Water into white <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> is fal&s;e: Then grant, that <HI>Mercury</HI> may ea&s;ily be got out of native Cinnabar, what then? <HI>Mercury</HI> tied up with the Sulphur of Antimony in the Cinnabar, is not at its Liberty, but being tied with the Fetters of the other, is then wholly free from the&s;e grievous Di&s;turbances, which, either at liberty or entangled with corro&s;ive Salts, it u&s;es to rai&s;e, and it has tho&s;e illu&s;trious Qualiti|es, which re&s;i&s;t contagious and epidemical Di&s;ea|&s;es, and the Plague it &s;elf by a &s;ingular propriety (if it be worn outwardly.) And though this Cin|nabar, when taken, yield not to the dige&s;tion of the Stomach, nor can be received into the oeco|nomy of our Body; yet as long as it &s;tays in the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> it variou&s;ly and admirably affects our <HI>Archeus</HI> by alteration.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Many have taken notice what grievous Symptomes may ari&s;e from curdled Milk; but the Que&s;tion is, whether a Vomit be convenient to get it out of the Stomach? <HI>Matthiolus</HI> denies it, and rejects a Vomit, becau&s;e if one &s;hould endea|vour to bring it up, it might ea&s;ily &s;tick in the Throat and choak a Man. But <HI>Sennertus</HI> 6. <HI>pract. p.</HI> 8. <HI>c.</HI> 34. pre&s;cribes Vomits, but after Things have been given to di&s;&s;olve Milk, as <HI>Oxymel,</HI> Mummy, <HI>Sperma ceti,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. In a certain Village three had eaten of one Thing, and they were all Poy&s;oned, and were taken with a violent Pain at the Stomach: One of them &s;ent his Urine to me, which when I look|ed on, it was thin of Sub&s;tance and of a green Colour, which gave &s;ome &s;u&s;picion of Poy&s;on. For a green Urine, according to <HI>Avicenna l.</HI> 1. <HI>fen.</HI> 1. <HI>s.</HI> 2. <HI>doct.</HI> 2. &s;ignifies a Convul&s;ion in Children, or that Poy&s;on has been taken. And if there be an <HI>Hypo&s;ta&s;is</HI> (or &s;ettling) in it, there is Hope of Life otherwi&s;e there is danger. When he that brought me the Urine, had told me the Story, he increa|&s;ed my &s;u&s;picion. Therefore I pre&s;cribe him a Vomit, and that he &s;hould al&s;o take fat Things, whereby, as I afterwards under&s;tood, he was pre&s;ently freed of his Pain, and was cured: but another, before he could take any Advice, died &s;uddenly: and the third, when he under&s;tood that I had cured the former, did after &s;ome de|lay &s;end his Urine to me: I pre&s;cribed him a Vo|mit al&s;o of a decoction of Rhadi&s;h and <HI>Oxymel,</HI> and after he had taken Treacle, he was well. For Treacle is a common Remedy again&s;t all Poy&s;on: I could not pre&s;cribe a proper Antidote, becau&s;e I knew not what Nature the Poy&s;on was of: but by the&s;e means their Pain in their Stomach cea|&s;ed, and both of them were cured.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Cardan</HI> cured &s;ome, that were dying of an unknown Poy|&s;on, by giving them Milk to drink.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. It is found by experience that a Mule, when his Guts are taken out, has &s;uch an attractive and di&s;&s;olving Virtue, that it is able to extract and di&s;&s;ipate Poy&s;ons. As it was proved in <HI>Valentine Borgia,</HI> Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> the fifth his Son, who being enclo&s;ed in a Mule, which had its Guts taken out, immediately overcame the violence of the Poy&s;on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE> &para; In the year 1629. <HI>Falcini</HI> an Illu&s;trious
<PB N="622" REF="277"> Patavine, having by Gods mercy e&s;caped great treachery, had a pre&s;ent of Wine &s;ent him, which when he had ta&s;ted, he was long tormented with an Ulcer in his Stomach, and by <HI>Sylvaticus</HI> his advice, after <HI>Valentine Borgia</HI>'s example he e&s;caped, after he had been inclo&s;ed, in a Mule, who&s;e Guts were taken out, the Poy&s;on being drawn from within to the out parts of the Skin. And an accident &s;how|ed that the Wine was poy&s;oned with <HI>Mercury</HI> &s;ubli|mate, for as many as drank of it, found the Poy&s;on, one of his attendants among others, after he had pi&s;&s;ed Quick-&s;ilver (which, however it be prepa|red,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> is re&s;tored to its former &s;hape by dropping &s;ome Spirit of Salt upon it) e&s;caped.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. A Nobleman had a Son, who con&s;umed a|way and at la&s;t died: After his Body was cut o|pen, a certain hard ma&s;s, like unto horn, was found in the bottom of his Stomach, which was &s;ent to his Father: He in memory of his Son cau&s;ed a &s;poon to be made of it, which he often u&s;ed at the Table: It happened that when this Spoon was put into a Sallet of Water Cre&s;&s;es and Vinegar, it di&s;|&s;olved. Hence we may ea&s;ily conjecture, that Wa|ter-Cre&s;&s;es has no common virtue again&s;t a <HI>Phil|trum.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Schenckius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="45">XLV. We mu&s;t know, there are three &s;orts of Di&s;ea&s;es, which are held to come from Witch craft. The fir&s;t is no way Witch-craft, but when the Devil ob&s;erves any one will be taken with a Di&s;ea&s;e, as he is well skilled in natural things, he per&s;wades Witches and Wizzards, that if they will but do what he orders them, the Man will fall into &s;uch a Di&s;ea&s;e, into which notwith&s;tanding he would have fallen, had the Witches done no &s;uch thing: And in the mean time the Witches think the Di&s;ea&s;e was cau&s;ed by their power. Secondly, there are other Di&s;ea&s;es, which indeed are not cau&s;ed by the Devil, but by natural cau&s;es, while he changes the natural con&s;titution, and corrupts and alters the Humours. Thirdly, there are Di&s;ea&s;es, which are &s;imply cau&s;ed by the Devil, without the Mediati|on of natural Humours. As to the fir&s;t &s;ort of the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, it is mo&s;t manife&s;t and without doubt, that it may be cured with natural Remedies: But the third cannot be cured by natural Remedies, be|cau&s;e natural things can have no influence upon the Devil, who is a Spirit. And natural Medicines are good to cure the &s;econd &s;ort, however they are not &s;ufficient alone, but be&s;ides there is need of a divine cure. For &s;ince in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es two cau|&s;es concurr, the Humours and &s;uch things as are in a humane Body, and the Devil be&s;ides; although the former cau&s;e be removed, yet unle&s;s the Devil cea&s;e from acting and hurting, a perfect cure can|not be expected. And the&s;e natural Medicines are either &s;uch as evacuate tho&s;e vitious Humours, which the Devil u&s;es in cau&s;ing Di&s;ea&s;es; or alte|r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tives and Alexipharmacks contrary to the di&s;po|&s;itions cau&s;ed by him, among&s;t evacuants Vomits are chief, by which, it is evident, many &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;es have been cured, who&s;e cau&s;e lay in the Stomach, Me&s;entery and thereabout: Therefore <HI>Rulandus</HI> cured Demoniacks by giving Vomits: for the&s;e vitious Humours being taken away, the Di|&s;ea&s;es, which by their means the Devil had cau&s;ed to cea&s;e; Nor indeed mu&s;t Purgatives be neglect|ed. <HI>H. ab Heers ob&s;.</HI> 13. tells how one who was hurt with a Philtre was purged by Urine, and &s;o cured. A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> to Alteratives and Alexipharmacks, we mu&s;t ob|&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rve that the word <HI>Veneficium</HI> is &s;ometimes taken for Inchantment, and an action ab&s;olutely magical; &s; metimes for a Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed by <HI>Philtra.</HI> There|fore when in Authors you find that this or the o|ther Herb is good again&s;t <HI>veneficia,</HI> they are for the mo&s;t part to be under&s;tood of &s;ecret Poy&s;ons, ra|ther than of magical actions. For &s;ince there are common Alexipharmacks, they may very properly be u&s;ed in the&s;e Poy&s;ons, who&s;e natures are for the mo&s;t part hid. Yea perhaps one may u&s;e them with &s;ucce&s;s even in Di&s;ea&s;es cau&s;ed by the Devil, &s;eeing he al&s;o is able to cau&s;e poy&s;onous Di&s;po&s;iti|ons in the Body, which may be conquered by &s;uch Medicines. Yet in all the&s;e natural Medicines, both outward and inward, this mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, if we may u&s;e them (becau&s;e often in occult Di&s;ea|&s;es we may try various Remedies) that they be u&s;ed without all manner of &s;uper&s;tition, ceremo|ny, pronunciation of Words and the like,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and that we rely only on their natural Powers, and leave the re&s;t to God.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Becau&s;e they &s;ay, that in the&s;e Moun|tains there is no &s;mall number of Witches and Wizzards, by who&s;e Witchcraft &s;everal are of|tentimes bewitched, I will therefore de&s;cribe a true and proper Alexiterick to drive away &s;uch a Poy&s;on, which I tried at <HI>Geneva</HI> with admirable effect in a certain Girl of <HI>Lions</HI> originally, about 6 years old, who had been long &s;ince bewitched by a certain Witch, &s;he was almo&s;t quite emacia|ted, dumb, de&s;titute of her motive Faculty, very voracious, who upon taking a certain Alexiphar|mack twice or thrice, and repeating it, begun both to Speak and Walk: A little while after her Fa|ther &s;ignified to me, &s;he was perfectly well. And this Antidote is Dogs-tongue, yet not the common, but that which is de&s;cribed by <HI>Dio&s;corides, l.</HI> 4. And we have hitherto u&s;ed the Leaves, not having yet tried the Roots. Now the Witch, who divulged this Alexiterick gave nine leaves to drink in Water; but we, neglecting the num|ber of Leaves, ordered an handfull to be boyled in half a pint of Water till half were boyled away, then we gave the Decoction to the Patient on an empty &s;tomach. Afterwards one gave to another Girl at <HI>Geneva,</HI> bewitched almo&s;t in the &s;ame manner, half a drachm of <HI>Moibanus,</HI> his Antidote in white Wine with good &s;ucce&s;s, with which within a little time, after &s;he had been purged up|wards and downwards, at la&s;t &s;he recovered. Becau&s;e the virtue of this Alexipharmack is &s;o great again&s;t almo&s;t all manner of Poy&s;ons, I think it not ami&s;s to de&s;cribe it; Take of root of Valerian half an ounce, root of Swallow wort 1 ounce, Poly|pody of the Oak, Mar&s;h-mallow, wild Angelica each 2 ounces, fre&s;h Garden Angelica 4 ounces, Bark of the Root of Spurge Laurel 1 ounce and an half. All the&s;e Roots mu&s;t be digged up be|tween the fifteenth of <HI>Augu&s;t</HI> and the eighth of <HI>September,</HI> according to <HI>Moibanus,</HI> but the Antidote is found as effectual, though they be digged up later; When they are cut, let them be put in a glazed Pot, pouring on &s;trong Vinegar, till it &s;tand 2 inches above. Then let the Pot be clo&s;e covered with a Lid, and let all the chinks be clo&s;e &s;topt with Flouer and the White of an Egg well mixt together, then let them boyl a little, over a gentle Fire, in the Pot; Then open the Pot, ca&s;t away the Vinegar remaining, and let the Roots be dried, till they may be powdered. After, when they are all powdered, add of the Berries of herb <HI>Paris,</HI> and make a Powder, a drachm whereof at the mo&s;t may be given in white Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Jac. Auber|tus</HI> Exerc. <HI>42.</HI> in <HI>Fernel.</HI> de abditis rerum cau&s;is.</NOTE> to grown per&s;ons; for the weaker &s;ort 2 &s;cru|ples or half a drachm is enough. &para; <HI>Carrichterus</HI> his Unguent, wherewith a bewitched Girl was cu|red; Take of Dogs grea&s;e well melted and cla|rified 4 ounces, Bears grea&s;e 8 ounces, Capon's grea&s;e 24 ounces, 3 bunches of Mi&s;&s;letoe of the Ha|zle, while green, cut them to pieces, and brui&s;e them, till they be moi&s;t, then pound them altogether, Wood, Leaves and Berries. Mix them all in a Gla&s;s, which when you have &s;et in the Sun 9 weeks, you will extract a green Bal&s;ame, anoint therewith the Places mo&s;t pained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab Hee <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 8 rs.</NOTE> and the Joynts of bewitched Bo|dies, and upon certain experience you will Cure.</P>
<P N="47"><PB N="623" REF="277">XLVII. I have it from D^r^. <HI>Geilfu&s;ius,</HI> that he knew a Man who had been long ill of a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> in his Thigh, out of which all manner of things came, Rags, Paper, Hair, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> after many Remedies, had been u&s;ed in vain, one, who was reckoned a Magician,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Doleus. <HI>Mi&s;c. cur. ann.</HI> 76. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 61.</NOTE> &s;trewed an a&s;h-coloured Powder on the Wound, and the &s;ick Man was cured in a few dayes. The Powder was the a&s;hes of a Witch, that was burnt.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Concerning the Cure of poy&s;onous and malignant Di&s;ea&s;es <HI>Eu&s;tachius Rhudius, l.</HI> 1. <HI>de morb. occult.</HI> advi&s;es to con&s;ider, Whether the Body af|fected, when the Poy&s;on &s;iezed him, were pure and entirely &s;ound, or rather plethorick or caco|chymick: for the Plethory and Cachochymie mu&s;t be removed, before Alexipharmacks be u|&s;ed: and he &s;hows, that this mu&s;t be done very &s;peedily in things very pernicious, and that kill quickly: but in tho&s;e Poy&s;ons that will give truce, longer time may be taken. For he fears, that the <HI>Plethora</HI> and Cacochymie will weaken the &s;trength of the Antidotes, and not &s;uffer them to pa&s;s to the Part affected. And indeed it mu&s;t be granted, that they are more in danger, who when they are poy&s;oned or &s;ei&s;ed with a malignant Di&s;ea&s;e, do labor under a Plethory, Cacochymie or other inward Ail, for the rea&s;on afore&s;aid, and becau&s;e the Poy&s;on more ea&s;ily diffu&s;es and multiplies it &s;elf in vitious Humors, whence the Di&s;ea&s;e be|comes more grievous: Yet I deny that in Poy&s;ons, which come to the Body from without, this advice &s;hould be followed. For &s;eeing, we mu&s;t ever op|po&s;e that fir&s;t, which is mo&s;t urgent, and that it is certain there is mo&s;t pre&s;ent danger of Life im|minent from Poy&s;ons, or that &s;uch an impre&s;&s;ion will be made, as cannot afterwards be got off, it is plain that the Poy&s;on mu&s;t fir&s;t be oppo&s;ed: for if we &s;hould fir&s;t employ our &s;elves in removing the Plethory, Cacochymie or Ob&s;tructions, the Poy&s;on will kill in the mean time, or will &s;o in&s;inuate it &s;elf into the Body, that no Skill can afterwards expell it. But in Poy&s;ons, that will give truce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> the advice is not to be reject|ed.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;ician.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy, to eat Garlick and drink &s;trong Wine, &s;o that there will be need of no other Medicine, if a Man can but bear the u&s;e of them. &para; A pre&s;ervative, that one cannot be hurt by Poy&s;on; Calaminth taken eve|ry day does naturally re&s;i&s;t all Poy&s;on. &para; This is a common Medicine, &s;ayes <HI>Strato,</HI> which pre&s;erves from all Poy&s;on; Take leaves of Rue 20, Walnuts 2, Salt 1 grain. Give this any man fa&s;ting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aetius.</NOTE> and no Poy&s;on will harm him.</P>
<P N="2">2. For eating of Mu&s;hromes; One gave Hen's dung finely mixt with Oxycrate or <HI>Oxymel,</HI> where|by the Patient found great relief.<NOTE PLACE="marg">B&acirc;ricellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. Again&s;t <HI>Napellus</HI> (or Monk'shood) the Plant that grows near the root of <HI>Napellus,</HI> which is cal|led <HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</HI> Half a drachm or a drachm of the root of this Plant may be given. It is an Alexiphar|mack for <HI>Napellus.</HI> A good Medicine al&s;o may be made of the great Flies, which feed on <HI>Na|pellus.</HI> &para; Treacle or the powder of white wa|ter-Lily is good again&s;t white Hellebore.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. The Tincture of Emerauld, or the Powder of it taken inwardly is the true Antidote again&s;t Toads.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Exle|rus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">5. Quinte&s;&s;ence of Vitriol is the chiefe&s;t of all Treacles, it expells all Animal, Vetegable and Mineral Poy&s;ons.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber</NOTE> The Do&s;e is 1 drachm at any time in &s;ome Broth or an Egg.</P>
<P N="6">6. A Phy&s;ician gave a Boy, who had &s;wallowed <HI>Aqua<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> forti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">cilage of Quinces to drink, and the Boy recovered beyond all expectation. &para; For a Trembling from the fume of Quick-&s;ilver; It does a great deal of good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> if the tremulous Parts be often wa&s;hed in ones own Urine.</P>
<P N="7">7. A drachm of Dittany in Gentian water with a little Zedoary or Citron &s;eed, drunk fa&s;ting brought away a great many Lizards from one Man. &para; The root of Walnut-tree, if the upper rind be taken off, and boyled in Water and Wine and drunk, is good to bring away Frogs in Men; as al&s;o the Powder of Bryony root taken in Milk.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabelchove|rus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">8. The following Experiment is highly com|mended by &s;ome; Take of the middle rind of El|der finely &s;craped, and a little dried in the &s;hade 1 large handful. Pour half a pint of new Goat's milk to it, boyl it half away on a gentle fire; Drink a draught of it Morning and Evening. It is &s;aid, that all Poy&s;on, which has been given a Man in his Meat or Drink for 3 years before, will be utterly extirpated. If it will not do at once, repeat it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> till at length through Gods Ble&s;|&s;ing the de&s;ired Event &s;ucceed.</P>
<P N="9">9. This is a mo&s;t excellent Specifick again&s;t all Metallick Di&s;ea&s;es, ari&s;ing from Fumes and Damps; The E&s;&s;ence of Tartar, which is thus made; Take Liquor of Tartar, <HI>Laudanum opiatum,</HI> Oyl got out of Colcothar, which being de&s;tilled will afford a Liquor, 3 grains whereof for a Do&s;e taken once in half a year is &s;aid to defend a Man from all poy&s;onous Vapours of Metals. But for him that is already infected, ab&s;tract the Phlegm from the Vitriol, till it grow as &s;weet as Honey, and incline to a Purple colour. The Do&s;e 1 grain in Speed|well water. Or let the Salt of Nettle be &s;o long rectified in its Water in a moderate heat of A&s;h|es, Sand or <HI>Balneo,</HI> till the fat of the Oyl appear, which mu&s;t be &s;eparated from its <HI>Faeces,</HI> 3 grains a day may be given for a Do&s;e in Speedwell Water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kircheru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. This is proved by certain Experience, if any one have &s;wallowed Leeches, or eaten Mu&s;hromes, or any poy&s;onous thing, let him immediately drink warm Vinegar with a little Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kunrad.</NOTE> and he will pre&s;ently be cured by Vomi|ting.</P>
<P N="11">11. Again&s;t Opium; Let Mu&s;tard and Ca&s;tor be taken in equal quantities; and put into the No&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> to cau&s;e Sneezing.</P>
<P N="12">12. Treacle with <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">xymel Simpl.</HI> or <HI>Scylliticum</HI> &s;a|tisfies all Indications; for none that ever took this after eating Mu&s;hromes died of them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarolus.</NOTE> but all through GOD's Ble&s;&s;ing recovered.</P>
<P N="13">13. A Decoction of Lin&s;eed corrects all E|ro&s;ions of the Stomach cau&s;ed by taking <HI>Can|tharides:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> and it is reckoned their Antiphar|mack.</P>
<P N="14">14. Again&s;t Quicklime the Gall of a Roebuck from 1 &s;cruple to 1 drachm taken in warm Water is an Antidote, as al&s;o a &s;cruple of Deer's Gall given the &s;ame way. &para; Again&s;t <HI>Gyp&s;um</HI> 1 drachm of Mice dung in Wine. &para; Again&s;t <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> Mucilage of Quince &s;eed; Mar&s;h-mallow and Gum Tragacanth drawn with Ro&s;e water; and mixt with Honey of Ro&s;es and of Violets. &para; A|gain&s;t Antimony (be&s;ides Treacle) bole Armenick and Oyl of Cloves. &para; Again&s;t Ar&s;enick, Fo&s;&s;ile Cry&s;tall powdered 1 &s;cruple taken in Oyl of &s;weet Almonds; al&s;o Oyl of Pine-nuts 3 drachms given in drink; al&s;o juice of Mint 2 drachms. &para; Again&s;t <HI>Minium,</HI> burnt Ivory 2 drachms in Wine, al&s;o Treacle and Mithridate. &para; Again&s;t crude <HI>Mercury</HI> filings or leaves of Gold; al&s;o juice of Burnet and Wine. &para; Again&s;t its Fume, a draught of Wine, wherein Ro&s;emary, <HI>Staechas Arabica</HI> and le&s;&s;er Centaury have been boyled; as al&s;o a draught of Sage and Zeodary water. &para; Again&s;t
<PB N="624" REF="278"> &s;ublimate and precipitate, fine powder of Cry&s;tal 1 drachm with Oyl of &s;weet Almonds; al&s;o 2 drachms of Oyl of Tartar or &s;alt of Wormwood. &para; Again&s;t Cinnabar, burnt Ivory 2 drachms given in Wine. &para; Again&s;t Mu&s;hromes, Hen's dung or a&s;hes of Vine-branches with a little Nitre drunk with Honey and Water warm: Sowre Pears are commended, whether green or dry; and if they be eaten before Mu&s;hromes, or boyled with them, they render the Mu&s;hromes harmle&s;s: Trea|cle al&s;o is good: But let a Man e&s;pecially u&s;e Honey in his Meat, which is a peculiar and proper Antidote again&s;t Mu&s;hromes. &para; Again&s;t <HI>Napellus;</HI> Take of the Flies of <HI>Napellus</HI> (they are blew Flies which &s;it and live upon no other Plant of the like Nature with this) <HI>N^o^.</HI> 20, Birthwort, Bole Arme|nick each 1 drachm. Make a Powder. &para; Again&s;t Wolf's bane, <HI>Opchal&s;amum</HI> 1 drachm. &para; Again&s;t Hen|bane, Pi&s;tachio-nuts eaten and drunk. &para; Again&s;t green Coriander, roots of Swallow-wort in Wine. &para; Again&s;t <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> Citron &s;eed in Wine wherein Elecampane root has been boyled, al&s;o <HI>terra &s;igillata,</HI> Emerauld, prepared Cry&s;tall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; Again&s;t white Hellebore, powder of the Flow|ers or roots of white Water Lily, or Par&s;nep &s;eed 2 drachms taken in Wine; al&s;o Treacle. &para; Again&s;t the bite of a Viper, Bezoar, from half a &s;cruple to 1 drachm boyled in Wormwood Wine and given: Al&s;o Garlick, Leeks, Onyons, Rue, Treacle, Mithridate, <HI>Antidotus Matthioli,</HI> which &s;ome highly commend, the Do&s;e is 3 drachms in &s;ome Cordial water. &para; Again&s;t a Scorpion, be|&s;ides the live Scorpion, taken and brui&s;ed, and ap|plied to the Wound, and Oyl of Scorpions, the Milk of a Fig-tree dropt into the Wound is good. &para; Again&s;t the biting of a Leech, Agrimony brui&s;ed and applied. &para; Again&s;t a Spider, the Catkins of the Walnut-tree dried in an Oven from 1 drachm to 2 given in <HI>Hydromel</HI> or white Wine; al&s;o Trea|cle and Bole Armenick taken in Vinegar; al&s;o the dry Re<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> of the Fir-tree. Again&s;t <HI>Cantharides,</HI> Penny-royal taken either in Sub&s;tance or in De|coction; al&s;o <HI>Terra Lemnia</HI> 2 drachms, or Winter Cherries <HI>N^o^.</HI> 10 with Wine. &para; Again&s;t the Ve|nome of Flies, Bees and Wa&s;ps, the Animals them&s;elves brui&s;ed and applied to the Part; al&s;o live Sulphur mixt with Man's &s;pittle, Rue, or the Milk of the Fig-tree applied to the Place. And, if there be need, Coriander may be given inwardly with Sugar. &para; Again&s;t the Brain and Blood of a Cat, half a &s;cruple of Musk taken fre|quently. &para; Again&s;t Milk curdled on the Stomach, Vinegar &s;imple or of Squills; al&s;o the juice of Mint new drawn; al&s;o Milk of the Fig-tree given with Wine and Vinegar, al&s;o the Runnet of any Animal. &para; Again&s;t the poy&s;onous Sweat of any creature; Take Bole Armenick, <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> Bay-berries each 1 drachm, the Runnet of a Roe|buck, or in&s;tead of it, of an Hare half a drachm, Myrrh, leaves of Rue, each half a drachm, with clarified Honey make an Electuary;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ertus.</NOTE> Take 2 drachms every day.</P>
<P N="15">15. All things premi&s;ed that ought, it is the be&s;t way to drive out the Poy&s;on to the Skin; to which purpo&s;e this is a mo&s;t excellent Water; Take of <HI>Aqua theriacalis camphorata</HI> 1 drachm and an half, Liquor of Tartar corrected, Spirit of Vi|triol each half a drachm, the oyly Liquor of red Corall 1 drachm, Oyl of Turpentine 5 drops, of Juniper 4 drops, E&s;&s;ence of Celandine half a drachm, Water of the root of Colts foot, Eryngo each 1 ounce, of Elder flowers, Wall Gilliflowers each half an ounce, red &s;weet Wine 2 ounces and an half.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vid. Vidius.</NOTE> Mix them. De&s;till them in <HI>Balneo.</HI> Keep it for u&s;e.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Ventriculi affectus, <HI>or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach.</HI> (See <HI>Stomachicks</HI> Book. XIX.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Topicks mu&s;t be applied for the &s;trengthning of it. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch, the things that are applied to the Back, &s;hould be? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Plai&s;ters &s;hould not be long kept on. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What dry Things are applied, mu&s;t not be cold or a&s;tringent. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An In&s;trument to &s;cour a foul Stomach. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It admits of an Inci&s;ion. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Stomach is ill, the Diet mu&s;t be thin. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an unaequall Intemperature. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a hot Intemperature we mu&s;t take care of the Liver. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit is mo&s;t convenient for an Intemperature with an Hu|mor. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of <HI>Hiera</HI> in cold Di&s;ea&s;es with Phlegm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong Purges are hurtful. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e Heaters with caution. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Wormwood Wine may be given? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How far we may heat the Stomach? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things with Vinegar in them, are not proper in every Crudity. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution about dige&s;ting Powders. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strengthning Powders do harm, upon account of the Sugar. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Pepper is &s;trengthning the Stomach. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the drinking of hot or cold Water is good? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Spirit of Vitriol is hurtful. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Spirit of Vitriol of <HI>Venus</HI> be proper? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All &s;trong de&s;tilled Things are hurtfull. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>De&s;tilled <HI>Aquae vitae</HI> help not Concoction. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong &s;melling Things mu&s;t not be added to dige&s;tive Powders. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that heat the Stomach, if the Liver be hot, mu&s;t be taken after Meat. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wormwood worn under the Soles of the feet, cures a cold Sto|mach. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Over hot things applied do hurt. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine rather hinders Concoction, than helps it. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An au&s;tere Wine in a dry Intemperature does harm. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Wine may be cleared of its Tartar? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Crudities mu&s;t not alwayes be concocted by fa&s;ting. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep after dinner helps &s;low Concoction. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An acid Crudity is not alwayes an effect of Cold, nor a nido|rous crudity of Heat. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concoction hurt is not always helped with hot Things. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be hurt by the <HI>Colon's</HI> being di&s;tended with excre|ments. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Laxity of the Stomach cured by Meats that were cold and hard of Concoction. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Concoction hurt by the laxity of the Stomach, may be cu|red. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concoction is &s;ometimes depraved by too much Heat. <HI>XXXIX, XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pain in the Stomach is not cured only one way. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;&s;waged by Bleeding. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By a Vomit. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of <HI>Hiera. XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Narcoticks with Purgatives. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinking of warm Wine is good. <HI>XLVI, XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Cupping-gla&s;s may be applied? <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Puffing up of the Stomach cured by a&s;tringent Plai&s;ters and Swa|things. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it &s;wells more with outward Medicines. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Stomach, being di&s;tended on the back part, much re&s;embles the pain in the Kidneys. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="625" REF="278">
<ITEM>In an Inflammation lowne&s;s of Spirits hinders not Bleeding. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging bad in the beginning. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> does no hurt. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too cold things do hurt. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And Narcoticks. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A red &V;rine &s;ometimes follows a cold Intemperature of Stomach. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Heat in the Stomach. <HI>LVIII, LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the <HI>Pylorus</HI> &s;welled, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from inward Dryers. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pain of the Stomach cured by Bleeding. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Palpitation cured. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of the pain in cholerick People. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes it mu&s;t be cured by revocation of Gout-Pains. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emul&s;ions &s;ometimes do hurt. <HI>LXV. LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to cure a cold Stomach, when the Liver is hot. <HI>LXVII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Med cines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHen the Stomach is affected, it is much controverted to what part Application mu&s;t be made: <HI>Rondeletius</HI> makes it to the back part, about the thirteenth <HI>vertebra:</HI> Others to the fore part, towards the region of the Liver: <HI>Ama|tus Lu&s;itanus</HI> contends that things mu&s;t be appli|ed to both. But in applying Topicks to the Stomach, we mu&s;t mind what <HI>Joubertus</HI> has ob&s;er|ved, whether the Liver labour under the like Intemperature with the Stomach: for if under a different, the Region of the Stomach mu&s;t not be anointed before, upon the cartilage and <HI>hypochondri|a;</HI> becau&s;e if the Liver be fir&s;t affected, &s;o will the Stomach after, when it receives the quality impre&s;|&s;ed on the Liver. That this inconvenience may be avoided <HI>Joubertus</HI> had rather anoynt the Back over again&s;t the Stomach: But becau&s;e the thick|ne&s;s of the <HI>vertebrae</HI> and other gro&s;s parts is &s;uch, that it hinders the penetration of the Medicine to the Stomach, it is better, he &s;ays, to cure all Di|&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach by Medicines taken inward|ly, who&s;e action is the quicke&s;t, for they pre&s;ent|ly reach it in their full &s;trength, and affect in the inner Part: But it is not &s;o in things that are applied, unle&s;s a like Intemperature of the Liver and the Stomach fall under Cure; except in the coolne&s;s of the Somach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> which proceeds from the heat of the Liver; for when the Liver is cooled, the Sto|mach quickly returns to its Temper.</P>
<P N="2">II. The things that are applied to the Back, mu&s;t be of &s;ubtil Parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE> that they may penetrate through the thickne&s;s of the way.</P>
<P N="3">III. Pla&s;ters applied to the Stomach, accor|ding to <HI>Galen;</HI> 7. <HI>m. m.</HI> mu&s;t not be kept long on becau&s;e at length they will di&s;&s;olve its Heat.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As for things to be applied in a moi&s;t In|temperature, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that if Driers be al&s;o temperate in the active Qualities, and not a&s;tringent, they may be applied to the Sto|mach &s;o as to reach the Midriff: But if the dry|ing Medicines be cold or a&s;tringent, they mu&s;t not be applied to the Midriff:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capiracci|us.</NOTE> for re&s;piration would be hurt.</P>
<P N="5">V. Not long &s;ince an ingenious per&s;on made u&s;e of a long, &s;oft flexible Wand, to which was tied a bru&s;h of Lint, which when he had a mind, he put down his Throat into his Stomach, to &s;cour the Stomach, and the filth of it, and he drew it out again without Vomiting. If any will follow this mans Example,<NOTE PLACE="marg">B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rth <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">us. <HI>cent</HI> 5. <HI>h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t.</HI> 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> he ought to have a care that he break not his Wand, and that the bru&s;h &s;tick not in his Throat.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The bottom of the Stomach &s;ometimes is wounded and cured, yea it admits of Inci&s;ion, &s;o as Iron, or any other hard thing may be taken out, when it can neither get up nor down, and hurts a Man.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"></NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Very little Meat mu&s;t be given them, who have any Di&s;ea&s;e in the Stomach: becau&s;e &s;eeing it, being the Part affected, mu&s;t make the fir&s;t and greate&s;t alteration in the Meat, and mu&s;t contend with a great deal of crude Meat, it is plain that the Stomach will be very much hurt thereby, and therefore a Di&s;ea&s;e therein will not admit of Meat, and for that rea&s;on mu&s;t never be gi|ven,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> unle&s;s nece&s;&s;ity force a Man to forget its hurt.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. If the Intemperature be different be|tween the Mouth and bottom of the Stomach; &s;o that the bottom is cold and the Mouth hot, the way of Cure is ea&s;ie, and it is twofold, Fir&s;t at the beginning of the Meal to give hot Things; in the latter end cold and au&s;tere ones: Secondly, let hot Things be applied to the fore-Part of the Belly, and cold Things to the hinder Part, about the twelfth <HI>vertebra:</HI> for there is the Mouth of the Stomach. But if there be an inequality between the Coats and the Humors &s;o as the Humors are hot, and the Coats cold, as it happens in a very hot Liver; we mu&s;t fir&s;t car|ry off the hot Humor, either by Vomit or Stool, which yet may both heat and al&s;o purge Choler; &s;uch are <HI>Hiera &s;implex,</HI> rheubarb, aloes, and worm|wood-Drink, which purge Bile, and heat the Coats of the Stomach. If the Intemperatures be unequal in re&s;pect of the pa&s;&s;ive Qualities, &s;o that the Coats are dry for want of &s;ub&s;tantial Moi&s;ture, and yet an excrementitious phlegmatick Humor abound, this is the difficulty. In this Cure, be|fore all things, the Humors contained in the Ca|vity mu&s;t be carried off by gentle Medicines, which may moi&s;ten, moderately heat, and may rather be alimentary than medicamentous; &s;uch are Manna, <HI>mel violarum &s;olutivum, Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Myroba|lans, <HI>Chebuli,</HI> one or two of which may be given, if they were pre&s;erved in <HI>Syria,</HI> (Ob&s;erve the di|&s;tinction; If they were pre&s;erved at <HI>Venice,</HI> when you pierce them they make a noi&s;e: If in <HI>Syria,</HI> not) When the Stomach is purged, it is nece&s;&s;ary afterwards both to moi&s;ten and dry it. I u&s;e to do this &s;everal wayes, fir&s;t when I give Milk, I drop into the Milk 5 or 6 drops of oyl of Ani|&s;eeds, or Fennil or Cinnamon; or, if there be &s;u&s;picion of the Pox, of <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> Sometimes I u&s;e Hog's blood de&s;tilled hot, mixt with a little Cinnamon water. All the&s;e things moi&s;ten,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> nou|ri&s;h and al&s;o dry.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Since the Stomach is all membranous, cold and dry, it &s;carce ever primarily and of it &s;elf labors under a hot Intemperature. Whenever therefore &s;igns of its being hot &s;how them&s;elves by inquenchable Thir&s;t, de&s;ire of cold Drink, blackne&s;s and drine&s;s of Tongue, refre&s;hment by cold Things whether taken, or applied, of|fence by hot Things, nidorous Belchings, loa|thing, bitterne&s;s of the Mouth, and lo&s;s of Ap|petite, the neighboring Liver mu&s;t be blamed, from Sympathy wherewith the Stomach is ea&s;ily affected; for &s;eeing it lies clo&s;e to the Liver, the Liver ea&s;ily communicates its Qualities to it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctoriu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. An Intemperature of the Stomach with an Humor, whether it be from a cold or an hot Cau&s;e, mu&s;t be corrected by premi&s;ing a gentle Vo|mit. For &s;o we may more ea&s;ily di&s;charge the ma&s;s of Humors, which is continually breeding there, then if we &s;hould u&s;e Purgers. Moreover by that means the Humor &s;ticking to the folds of the Stomach is more ea&s;ily clean&s;ed; and the Intemperature, if it be not either innate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Har<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mannu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> or very inveterate, is corrected.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Seeing in a cold Stomach, full of Phlegm the Indicant continues a long time, we mu&s;t therefore a long time and every day u&s;e Medicines for it, if Strength will permit. And the Strength permits the frequent u&s;e of hot Medicines, which are not unplea&s;ant, as <HI>Diatrion pip. diaca|lam.</HI> Which we may u&s;e every day; but we
<PB N="626" REF="279"> cannot u&s;e <HI>Hiera</HI> con&s;tantly becau&s;e of its bitter|ne&s;s. Yet we mu&s;t not be too &s;paring in the u&s;e of <HI>Hiera,</HI> when Matter is &s;ticking in a cold and moi&s;t Stomach: E&s;pecially if <HI>Hiera</HI> be made with 80 drachms of Aloes and not 120 drachms. There|fore the Apothecaries mu&s;t be ordered to have <HI>Species Hierae</HI> made 2 wayes: For when we would prepare the Body, <HI>Hiera</HI> of 80 drachms is mo&s;t ef|fectual; If 2 &s;cruples or a drachm be taken, and made into a <HI>Bolus</HI> with Sugar or Honey, and given frequently;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cappivac<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i|us.</NOTE> for this is a mo&s;t whole&s;om preparing Medicine.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Whether may we give a Purge to a weak and cold Stomach, which concocts &s;lowly and ill, and is al&s;o full of cold and gro&s;s Hu|mors? For we may &s;trengthen no Part, when it is full of ill Juices: but it is known, that a weak Stomach cannot well bear Purging. Yet this mu&s;t be under&s;tood of &s;trong Purgers: for &s;uch as Purge gently, as Rheuba<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b, <HI>Hiera Simplex,</HI> and Myrobalans,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zecchius. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 18.</NOTE> may without harm be born by the Stomach, though it be weak.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. As to a cold Intemperature, &s;eeing hot Medicines are approved of, two things mu&s;t be ob&s;erved concerning them. 1. That they be not violent Heaters; Therefore Ginger is good, but it mu&s;t be pre&s;erved in Sugar: And <HI>Diatri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">n Pipere<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">n,</HI> but with Wine: for Honey, Sugar, and Wine moi&s;ten &s;ub&s;tantially: &s;o Pepper is good, but with Meat. 2. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that A|&s;tringents be mixt with Heaters, le&s;t the &s;ub&s;tance of the innate Heat be wa&s;ted: therefore <HI>Avicen</HI> mixes a little Ma&s;tiche with a decoction of Spike. As to Things applied outwardly, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve a difference between hot and cold things: for cold things are prohibited by the in|nate heat of the Midriff; but not hot things: Yet if it happen that the Part adjoyning be affected with a hot Di&s;ea&s;e, it is &s;afer to apply hot Things about the Navil and the left &s;ide becau&s;e in the right &s;ide the heat of the Liver might forbid it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cappivacci|us.</NOTE> &para; Things that heat immode|rately di&s;&s;olve the innate heat of the Stomach, and at length cau&s;e coolne&s;s, as is evident in Girls, that eat Ginger and &s;uch things;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> for therefore they are Pale. &para; Chymical Medicines, &s;eeing for the mo&s;t part they have a &s;harp and a very hot Quality, can be of no u&s;e in ca&s;e of a cold Sto|mach, e&s;pecially when the Liver and Parts there|about burn with immoderate Heat: therefore <HI>Ari&s;tot.</HI> 24 <HI>probl. &s;ect.</HI> 13.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crucius.</HI> de Quae&s;it<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> When he asks, Why hot Things are &s;ooner cooled in the Sun than in the Shade? He an&s;wers, that the le&s;s Heat is wa&s;ted by the greater. And <HI>Galen</HI> 3 <HI>de morborum cau&s;is</HI> &s;ayes that a le&s;s Flame fades by little and little, if you hold it to a greater.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Have a care that you give not Wormwood Wine when bad matter lies mixt in the Stomach. &para; But it is good in a cold and moi&s;t Intemperature.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. He that a&s;&s;i&s;ts a weak Stomach by Hea|ters, as &s;oon as he &s;ees the Urine grow red, mu&s;t immediately ab&s;tain from hot Things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walus It Hofmannus.</NOTE> other|wi&s;e a Drop&s;ie follows.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Things that have Vinegar in them mu&s;t not be u&s;ed indifferently in every crudity: for I find it is only u&s;eful, when too much Moi&s;ture, and that thick, is joyned with heat, at which time it mu&s;t either be much dilated or mixt with cooling and lenient Things.</P>
<P N="17"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE>XVII. That Concoction may do its Office without any fault, things that bind the right Ori|rifice of the Stomach, mu&s;t be taken after Sup|per, that the Stomach may be the &s;tronger con|tracted, and may perform its Action more exact|ly. And <HI>Rondeletius</HI> &s;ayes, that they greatly mi&s;|take, who give hot Powders after Meals, for by their heat and tenuity they immediately carry with them the Aliment half crude to the Veins, whence ob&s;tructions ari&s;e.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Medicines are made of Confections and Powders to &s;trengthen the Stomach: But it is much better to give them in form of a Powder without much Sugar, for Sugar and Honey, and other &s;weet Things make lax the Stomach and breed Wind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> e&s;pecially when there is not much Moi&s;ture in it.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Pepper is of a very thin Sub&s;tance, and &s;o for a time it heats the Stomach, and its Virtue is immediately &s;pent, as all tenuious and hot Things are. <HI>Galen</HI> commends Pepper very much, wherefore I could heartily wi&s;h, the moderns were wi&s;er, who, when they find <HI>Galen</HI> gave Pepper with Pti&s;an in a Fever, think that <HI>Galen</HI> was out, and they &s;ay, it were better to u&s;e Cinnamon; and &s;o they order Cinnamon. But they do not &s;ee <HI>Galen</HI>'s my&s;tery, that Pepper heats the Stomach and not the Liver. And <HI>Galen</HI> 4 <HI>de tuend. valetud.</HI> &s;ayes that <HI>Dia&s;polit. Diacalam.</HI> and the like, are very bad for a crude Stomach, becau&s;e they carry crude Humors to the Liver and cau&s;e Ob&s;tructions: for although there be not &s;o great a heat in Cinnamon, yet it is more la&s;ting. There|fore I often give Sugar of Ro&s;es, brui&s;ed very finely with a little Pepper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montanu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> that it may more ea&s;ily exhale.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 24. reckons the drinking of cold Things to be grateful to the Stomach: and it appears from other places, that drinking cold Water is good for the Stomach: So <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 18. he gives warm Water to them that are ill at their Sto|machs: He adds, And hot Water, for as luke|warm makes lax the Stomach, and cau&s;es Vomi|ting, &s;o hot Water &s;trengthens the Stomach. Therefore <HI>Pli&s;tonieus</HI> in <HI>Athenaeus,</HI> to &s;trengthen the Stomach, orders Water to be drunk very warm, in Winter e&s;pecially and in Spring, and cold in Summer. And <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 5. when the Stomach will not retain the Meat, &s;ayes, it is be&s;t either to drink Wine cold, or el&s;e very hot. Which yet mu&s;t &s;o be under&s;tood, as, when the &s;tomach is ei|ther empty, or full of Phlegm, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from cold Things, which according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> are enemies to the Nerves; and then hot drink nouri&s;hes the innate heat, and con|cocts crude Phlegm: but when one is full,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rubaeus.</HI> comm. in loc cum.</NOTE> then he mu&s;t u&s;e cold Things, wherewith by <HI>an|tipari&s;ta&s;is</HI> the heat is gathered and made &s;trong|er.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I have known &s;ome who have endeavour|ed to con&s;ume and dry up the matter with Oyl of Vitriol, becau&s;e it mo&s;t violently dries and clean|&s;es; and indeed at fir&s;t the Patients find benefit, for they perceive by u&s;ing of it, that the Stomach is a&s;tringed, their appetite encrea&s;ed, and the matter of the Fluxion abated; but I know at length they have become Cachectick, to &s;ay no|thing of other Di&s;ea&s;es. Truly I have ever &s;u&s;|pected the cau&s;tick Virtue which remains in that Oyl, prepared even according to the Doctrine of <HI>Paracel&s;us.</HI> I have indeed u&s;ed it &s;ometimes in Di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from very cra&s;s Phlegm: but I would per&s;wade no man by the continued u&s;e of a few drops to &s;poil the moderate heat of the Stomach (which is de&s;igned for Concoction) and corrupt the goodne&s;s of the Blood: For if we may make our conjecture of internals from externals, what is it that boyls in the Chimney, but heat? And that Acids corrugate the Mouth of the Sto|mach, and excite Appetite, we know from the u&s;e of Vinegar. Such therefore as con&s;tantly u&s;e this Oyl, although they may flatter them&s;elves for a time in the goodne&s;s of their Appetite, and dry|ing up of Defluxions; yet at length, and in proce&s;s of time, they are forced to acknowledge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hofm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|nus.</NOTE> to their &s;orrow the harm done to their Stomach and other Parts.</P>
<P N="22"><PB N="627" REF="279">XXII. For &s;trengthning of the Stomach Chymi&s;ts likewi&s;e commend Spirit of Vitriol of <HI>Venus,</HI> which they call the Hungry Aceto&s;ity of <HI>Venus;</HI> or Spirit of Hungarian Vitriol. And they write of it, that it is of &s;uch Virtue, that it con&s;umes all the Impu|rities that are in the Stomach, whether Tartare|ous or Sulphureous, and &s;trengthens the Stomach &s;o much, that it is able to concoct all things. But all this is hyperbolical; And though it be of|ten given with advantage; yet Caution is nece&s;&s;a|ry, for it mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in every weakne&s;s and Di&s;ea&s;e of the Stomach, but where there are gro&s;s and tartareous Humors, which it con&s;umes, and afterwards by A&s;triction &s;trengthens the Stomach. But we mu&s;t have a care, that we do not over do it, and that the radical moi&s;ture of the Stomach be not di&s;&s;ipated and wa&s;ted by it, which often hap|pens upon the un&s;ea&s;onable and exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of Spirit of Vitriol.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. All &s;trong de&s;tilled Things mu&s;t be avoi|ded, which &s;eem indeed to do good; but they &s;horten life, becau&s;e they far exceed the degree of innate heat, and all Remedies ought to con|&s;i&s;t in Mediocrity. For the gentle&s;t Medicines in a di&s;ea&s;ed and langui&s;hing Stomach want not danger,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato <HI>cons.</HI> 106.</NOTE> e&s;pecially in old People.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. It is the Cu&s;tome of &s;ome, that if at any time they eat any thing hard of Dige&s;tion, or that will &s;urfeit, pre&s;ently to drink &s;ome ge|nerous de&s;tilled Water, as <HI>aqua vitae</HI> or the like, to help Concoction; but this is done not without hazard of Health: for &s;eeing the &s;aid Meats u&s;e not to be dige&s;ted but by a long &s;tay in the Stomach, &s;uch Waters as the&s;e do by their penetrating and permeable Virtue carry the&s;e Meats, not yet well concocted into the Veins, whence proceed cru|dities and ob&s;tructions. Thus Phy&s;icians do aright forbid the giving of Diureticks with Meat or im|mediately after Meat, le&s;t they carry the cru|dities of the Stomach to the urinary Pa&s;&s;ages. And the rea&s;on is the &s;ame in Waters that are taken to promote Concoction, becau&s;e of the great aperi|ent Virtue, they are indued withal. Therefore <HI>Rondeletius cap. de palpitatione.</HI> <Q>We may, &s;aith he, give &s;uch things inwardly as heat the Stomach, and di&s;cu&s;s Wind; which thing mu&s;t be ob&s;er|ved, for 3 or 4 hours before Meal we may give things that heat much and di&s;cu&s;s Wind, &s;o the Liver be not very hot, &s;uch as <HI>diatrion pip. dianis. aromat. ro&s;at. diagalanga,</HI> and the like: The&s;e things &s;hould not be given immediately before Meal, becau&s;e by their heat and te|nuity they would pre&s;ently hurry with them the Aliment half crude to the fir&s;t wayes. Hence it is evident that they are in error, who give very hot Powders after Meal, which &s;hould be moderately hot.</Q> <HI>Aetius l.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;erm.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 24. &s;ays, <HI>neither this nor any other Medicine which penetrates much, mu&s;t be taken after Meal: for &s;ome crude Meat is di&s;tributed and dige&s;ted with it, and cau&s;es Ob&s;truct|ions. The u&s;e of it is convenient after rubbing in the Mor|ning, two hours before Exerci&s;e and Bathing.</HI> What we &s;aid of things difficult of Dige&s;tion, is applica|ble to things ea&s;ily corruptible, &s;uch as horary Fruits. They are likewi&s;e in an Error, who when they find Wind and Crudities upon their Sto|machs, drink the&s;e Waters, to heat and &s;trengthen the Stomach; for by the tenuity of their &s;ub|&s;tance they ea&s;ily penetrate into the Bowels, and increa&s;e their Intemperature, whereupon their Di&s;ea&s;e afterwards encrea&s;es. You will ob|ject, Phy&s;icians pre&s;cribe Pepper brui&s;ed gro&s;sly: and that <HI>Aetius</HI> u&s;ed Wormwood for hypochondri|ack Winds; but Pepper doe good this way, be|cau&s;e it reaches not to the Bowels, but only &s;trengthens the Stomach, and therefore heats not the Liver: Then its heat is extingui&s;hed and quickly di&s;&s;ipated in the fir&s;t wayes, and it clean&s;es and carries off &s;harp Humors. Worm|wood is good, becau&s;e it binds the Stomach, and helps bilious, not phlegmatick Humors, which afford matter for this Di&s;ea&s;e, by its deter&s;ion;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;ius.</NOTE> and carries them off by &s;tool and Urine.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. This mu&s;t be ob&s;erved concerning tho&s;e they call dige&s;tive Powders, that too &s;trong things are not convenient in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, cau&s;ed by Fumes. It is be&s;t therefore to make them of things, that are not much &s;cented, and to ab&s;tain from &s;uch things as have Musk, Amber, Saffron, and other Things that fly to the Head, in them. But I blame &s;uch as put Liquori&s;h in them; for although it quench Thir&s;t, and have a little A&s;triction in it, yet &s;weet Things make lax the Mouth of the Stomach, and breed Wind. I al&s;o blame them that add Nutmeg and Mace, be|cau&s;e they are oyly Things, and all &s;uch &s;ubvert the Stomach: It is not ami&s;s al&s;o to add Faenil and <HI>Se&s;eli</HI> &s;eed to Powders that di&s;cu&s;s Wind, and to dige&s;tives ones as al&s;o to other Powders, becau&s;e they attenuate the vi&s;ory Spirits, but we mu&s;t be &s;paring in the u&s;e of Cummin, Carroway and Rue &s;eeds, becau&s;e of the too ingrateful ta&s;te of Cummin and the too great acrimony: Let them be &s;teeped in Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondele<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">.</NOTE> if Powders be made for dige&s;t|ion of Meat.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. The breeding of much Matter in the Stomach will be hindred if the Patient immediate|ly after Meat, Morning and Evening &s;wallow 2 or 3 grains of Ma&s;tich whole, or 1 &s;cruple of juice of Wormwood conden&s;ed in Pills. For things that heat the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> if they be taken before Meal, hurt the Liver.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. I have learned by Experience, that green Wormwood worn within the Shoes amends the cold Intemperature of the Stomach, with much benefit in the Noble Lord <HI>N.</HI> who de|clared openly, and &s;eriou&s;ly affirmed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor|&s;tius.</NOTE> that he found much benefit by treading upon it.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. I knew a Man, who had a cold Sto|mach and an hot Liver, and had very hot Plai&s;t|ers and Unguents applied to the <HI>cartilago xypho&euml;ides,</HI> upon which he was taken with an Inflammation in his Liver, and could hardly be cured of it. If any one de&s;ire to enquire the cau&s;e, let him look upon the Anatomy of the Liver: for with its hollow &s;ide, from the right to the left, its covers almo&s;t the whole fore-part of the Stomach, &s;o that hot Medicines fir&s;t come to the Sub|&s;tance of the Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> before they come to the Stomach.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Wine taken in too great a quantity, not fine, nor exactly depurated from its Tartar and Lees, is very hurtful, both becau&s;e by the continual and immoderate u&s;e of it the innate Heat is de&s;troyed, and Concoction is hindred in the Stomach, e&s;pecially of Fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mayerne,</HI> de Arthriti|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</NOTE> which hardens in that liquor, the Liver is hurt, a &s;harp and &s;erous Blood is bred, the Brain and Nerves are weakned, Catarrhs are cau&s;ed. <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Never give an au&s;tere Wine to a dry Sto|mach, for it hurts the &s;ub&s;tantial Moi&s;ture, for which nothing is wor&s;e than A&s;tringents, which feed upon what Moi&s;ture there is. Therefore in this ca&s;e &s;tore of moi&s;t Things mu&s;t be given, Broths, Milk, almond Milk, that the dried Coats may beextended, when moi&s;tned, and &s;o may clo&s;e well upon the re&s;t of the Meat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. There is a way fou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d, whereby the noxious Vapor is taken from the Wine, that is, by letting it pa&s;s through a double gla&s;s In&s;tru|ment, the French call it <HI>Montevin.</HI> This way al&s;o it is deprived of its &s;uperfluous Tartar, that is, by putting to it &s;ome Liquor, that has a precipita|ting Virtue, &s;uch as Oyl of Tartar (by means whereof egre Wine grows &s;weet) a &s;olution of Litharge, or <HI>Saccharum plumbi,</HI> made with Vinegar,
<PB N="628" REF="280"> a &s;olution of calcined Cry&s;tal, by frequent extincti|ons in Nettle water,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">yerne.</NOTE> and reverberations, with acid Spirit of Turpentine.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. When crudities are bred in the Sto|mach by rea&s;on of Surfeiting, it is not advi&s;able, as many do, to remove it by fa&s;ting; but it is better the next day betimes to take &s;ome delectable food, but in a &s;mall quantity: for Nature being delighted at the approach of new food, that is grateful, undergoes the work more chearfully, and turns what is good into aliment, and &s;eparates what is bad and crude into excrement, by the help of the expul&s;ive faculty:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">.</NOTE> Wherefore many after a &s;urfeit are taken with a Loo&s;ne&s;s.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In &s;ome People, only an heavine&s;s like a Stone, with &s;hortne&s;s of Breathing &s;how, that there is &s;low concoction: I tell &s;uch, they may &s;afe|ly &s;leep after Dinner: In others there is a certain <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ctuation or vibration, or trembling, or palpita|tion, &s;ometimes with, &s;ometimes without a rumb|ling in the Guts, and with &s;hortne&s;s of Breath: <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ch may with much more rea&s;on &s;leep after Din|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">r.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de cau&s;is Symptom. c.</HI> 1. &s;hows, that an acid corruption alwayes comes from a cold in|temperature. And 1. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> 1. that a nidorous corruption, when it comes from intemperature, al|wayes follows a hot intemperature, yet both the&s;e corruptions are cau&s;ed by external errors: The acid indeed, by excrements, in their own nature acid, as acid Phlegm, acid Melancholy: Or by Ali|ments, offending either in quantity or quality: In exce&s;s, when they &s;uffocate the native heat, though it be &s;trong: In quality, if they are either too cold and moi&s;t, as thin Wines, moi&s;t Fruits, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or when they ea&s;ily putrefie, as Milk, Pti&s;an, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or when they are of an au&s;tere ta&s;te, as Services and Med|lars, which by further concoction are changed into an acid ta&s;te. And although <HI>Galen</HI> 7. <HI>Simpl, c.</HI> 8. write, that an au&s;tere is changed into an acid from encrea&s;e of moi&s;ture; yet it cannot be denied, but that the &s;ame may be done by exce&s;&s;ive heat: for he write<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, that adu&s;t Melancholy is made acid by burning heat: &s;o in the Summer time au&s;tere fruits are turned acid by the heat of the Air. Gather from hence, that corruption into an acid in the Stomach is not cau&s;ed only one way, nor by one cau&s;e: And therefore <HI>Trallianus l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 16. &s;ays well, that a corruption to an acid is &s;ometimes cau&s;ed by a hot intemperature, and cured by cooling things. Therefore the turning of Milk or &s;mall Wine &s;owre, which are moderately hot and do ea|&s;ily putrefie, is not cau&s;ed by a weak heat in the Stomach, but by a very &s;trong one, which con&s;umes the innate heat of the Milk, or Pti&s;an, or any &s;uch other Body. The ca&s;e is the &s;ame in a nidorous corruption: for the meat is &s;o corrupted either by the Aliment or Excrements: By Excrements a|bounding or deficient: The abundant are either Cholerick or Melancholick, which by their heat b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rn the Aliment and turn it into a <HI>Nidor:</HI> The de|f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ct of Humours, is defect of Phlegm: For <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de nat. facult. c.</HI> 7. when he mentions things that help concoction, as Bile, Heat, Spirit, reckons up the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Stomach and Phlegm. No man has declared how Phlegm helps concoction; but this is my Opinion; Concoction in the Sto|mach is a &s;ort of Boyling, this is not done with|out moi&s;ture, therefore Phlegm conduces to Con|coction, as it is a moi&s;t matter, whereby boyling is made; therefore when this fails, meats ea&s;ily turn into a <HI>nidor.</HI> Nor let any one &s;ay, that Drink &s;erves in&s;tead of Moi&s;ture; for Sagacious Nature hath therefore made the Stomach the &s;torehou&s;e of Phlegm, that if drink be wanting, the Aliments may not be burnt, which they may ea&s;ily be, if but a little in quantity, or hot and dry, as &s;harp and aromatick things: or if they be &s;weet, as things with Honey in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> fried things, and the like.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. They are deceived, who think depraved concoction, pituitous vomit, &s;owre belchings and wind have only a cold cau&s;e; for oftentimes an hot Liver cau&s;es the&s;e Symptomes: becau&s;e when this is hot, the Stomach concocts badly; Neither mu&s;t cold and moi&s;ture be pre&s;ently blamed; nor mu&s;t we, after the manner of Empiricks, pre&s;ently fly to hot things. But we mu&s;t diligently &s;earch, whether a cold or hot cau&s;e wa&s;te its &s;trength, that it may be oppo&s;ed by a contrary Remedy. When therefore a hot intemperature of the Liver is a cau&s;e of depraved concoction, it mu&s;t be oppo&s;ed by things that cool and moi&s;ten the Liver, whereto may be added things that &s;trengthen the Stomach with a gentle a&s;triction, Wine and other hot Ali|ments mu&s;t be avoided: For it is found by expe|rience, that crudities of the Stomach, and de&s;tilla|tions ari&s;ing from the heat of the Liver, and the exhalation of bilious Blood, are very much exa&s;|perated with the u&s;e of generous Wine and &s;uch things, and abate with the contraries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> &para; Now mo&s;t Phy&s;icians have only one intention in weak|ne&s;s of the Stomach, while they fly to a&s;tringent, hot and bitter meats, to Wormwood Wine, heat|ing and a&s;tringent Pla&s;ters and Unguents. Innume|rable People at <HI>Venice,</HI> having their Stomachs pollu|ted with divers Humours, and ill of Hypochondri|ack Melancholy, wear hot things con&s;tantly upon their Stomachs, and take &s;trengthning and hot things, &s;uppo&s;ing it to be a cold intemperature. Neverthele&s;s their Liver is very hot, their Spleen and Me&s;entery are loaden with Melancholy, whence comes wind in their Belly: And they think they do good with the&s;e hot and a&s;tringent Medi|cines, when they encrea&s;e their mi&s;ery. But <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ayes plainly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctorius,</NOTE> that he has ea&s;ed Di&s;ea&s;es of the Sto|mach by drinking cold water.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Johannes Riolanus</HI> has ob&s;erved, that when the <HI>Colon</HI> is full of <HI>faeces,</HI> the Stomach labours under difficulty of Concoction. Therefore the excrements mu&s;t often be got out by Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Among the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach, the mo&s;t common is the laxity of it, which may come from any intemperature. One man, when he had been long troubled with this Di&s;ea&s;e, and ma|ny had had him in hand, but none could find a Re|medy for him; when he came to me, I ea&s;ily knew by the Medicines he had taken, that the Phy&s;icians thought he was ill of a cold intemperature. And I from the preceding cure, and other evident rea|&s;ons, thought quite otherwi&s;e, that his Stomach was ill of a hot intemperature; Wherefore having recour&s;e to &s;uch Remedies, as his dry Body, now almo&s;t con&s;umed away, &s;eemed to require, the fir&s;t day I ordered him only to eat &s;ome Lettuce out of Oyl and Vinegar, which when he found benefici|al and proper for his Stomach, I order him to leave off Bathing, Frictions, Exercitations, e&s;pecially of the upper parts, all unctions and hot meats, which he had hitherto u&s;ed; and rather to turn him&s;elf to meats that are cold and difficult of concoction; wherefore I recommend unto him Mutton rather than Fowl or Fi&s;h, unle&s;s of a hard &s;ort, in this &s;ick|ne&s;s of his. I tell him that cold and au&s;tere Wine is the propere&s;t drink for him, and that a hot and thick Wine is mo&s;t improper. To which when he gave way, and carefully ob&s;erved his directions, u&s;ing only this &s;ort of diet and cooling Medicines, he was as well, as ever he was,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benivonius.</NOTE> within two Months.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. The dilatation or re&s;olution of the Stomach is a Di&s;ea&s;e very frequent, both in healthy and &s;ick People, when its tone is &s;o loo&s;ened, with broths and cold drink, and much moi&s;ture, that a Loo&s;ne&s;s follows thereupon, which is attributed to corruption of the food by a hot intemperature of the Stomach, or to the ob&s;truction of the Me&s;araick Ve&s;&s;els: which is rather a Symptome of too great laxity (<HI>Fernelius</HI> his Di&s;ea&s;e of Matter) which mu&s;t
<PB N="629" REF="280"> be cured by &s;trengthners and a&s;tringents. In &s;ome after their death the Stomach has been found &s;o lax, that it would hold a Childs head. Therefore the ob&s;ervation of Di&s;ea&s;es of matter is very nece&s;|&s;ary for practice, which are cured by a&s;tringents and driers, taken inwardly, and applied outward|ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolanus.</NOTE> according to the doctrine of the Methodi&s;ts, who make Lax and Strict to be in Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. A great heat of the Stomach well con|cocts hard things and difficult of concoction, as hung Beef, Cabbage and &s;uch things. The &s;ame heat cor|rupts tender meats, as Eggs and &s;mall Fi&s;hes. The cure in the&s;e is to change Diet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> &para; I knew two, that were ill of heat in the Liver, and of bile boyl|ing in the Gall-Bladder, which cau&s;ed inconcocti|on. A cold intemperature of Stomach was blamed in them, who&s;e heat langui&s;hed, being wa&s;ted by the hot Liver. Many hot things had been u&s;ed in vain to help concoction. The fir&s;t of the&s;e Men was the Illu&s;trious <HI>Mon&s;ieur de Molondins,</HI> deputy Go|vernour of <HI>Newemberg:</HI> He was much troubled, to his dying day (which happened in his &s;ixty third year) with a heat in his Stomach, e&s;pecially if he eat meats ea&s;ie of concoction, or &s;everal things to his Supper: The Chyle fomed up, during concocti|on, and was almo&s;t all brought up in Spittle: If he eat only of one meat, or of what was difficult of concoction, the concoction was performed aright without any di&s;turbance. The other was <HI>Gedeon des Bergieres,</HI> who till the fortieth year of his age was troubled with &s;uch a &s;pitting of a vi&s;cid and tenacious matter, the heat of the parts about his Stomach abating afterwards, in the proce&s;s of his age, he lives free from any &s;uch hurt, and now di|ge&s;ts very well.</P>
<P N="40">XL. The coldne&s;s of the Stomach is not alwayes po&s;itive, but often privative, from the heat of the Liver and <HI>Hypochondria.</HI> Therefore <HI>Galen primo de loc. affect.</HI> 4. has told us, that when concoction in the Stomach is bad, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently con&s;ider the parts about it, which if they be very hot, it is &s;poyled by them, but the heat of the Stomach it &s;elf is not abated. And although Aciditie be often perceived, yet it proceeds not from cold but from exce&s;&s;ive heat, as the primary and chief cau&s;e, as <HI>Trallianus</HI> con&s;iders, and it is found by dayly ex|perience, that Wine in Summer in the heat of the Sun turns &s;owre. &para; The heat nece&s;&s;ary for con|coction mu&s;t be plentiful, &s;weet and moderate, boyling not ro&s;ting:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> Otherwi&s;e, if it be exube|rant, it either turns the food to a <HI>Nidor,</HI> and cau&s;es difficulty of concoction, or, as a great flame, it di&s;|&s;olves and wa&s;ts the Stomach, and &s;o &s;poyls conco|ction: Yea, in proce&s;s of time by drying up the fle&s;hy parts of the Stomach, without any diminuti|on of the innate heat, it weakens it, whence comes ill dige&s;tion. Therefore <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de nat. facult.</HI> &s;aid, that be&s;ide other cau&s;es, that concurr to concocti|on, the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Stomach is one. So 2. <HI>de aph.</HI> 35. he &s;ayes, it is well if the parts be|longing to the Stomach be fle&s;hy; therefore the thinne&s;s of the Coats hinders concoction: For a lean Stomach alwayes concocts wor&s;t. Wherefore 3. <HI>de Symptomat. cau&s;is,</HI> he concludes, that natural Or|gans, the moi&s;ter they are, &s;o much they are fitter for nouri&s;hing;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but the harder and the drier, the more unfit.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. The diagno&s;tick of the Humour, that cau|&s;es the pain in the Stomach, is taken from the time of the inva&s;ion, increa&s;e or abating of the pain. Some have the pain mo&s;t before meat, and this &s;ig|nifies the dominion of bile, which is exa&s;perated in time of fa&s;ting, and drawn into the Stomach, or grows &s;harper. In others the pain ari&s;es immedi|ately after eating, becau&s;e the crude and biting Humours which before were quiet, and fixt to the coats of the Stomach, are di&s;turbed upon eating, or they that are in the bottom of the Stomach, ri&s;e up and affect the Mouth of the Stomach. In others the Pain encrea&s;es, while the meat is concocting, becau&s;e &s;harp and biting Vapors are elevated from the morbifick matter, by encrea&s;e of the heat in the Stomach, at the time of concoction. In others 4 or 5 hours after meal, becau&s;e the meat is cor|rupted after ill concoction, and being corrupted, it vellicates the Stomach. And in &s;ome the pain is encrea&s;ed after &s;leep, and that is cau&s;ed by a Ca|tarrh, the Humour flowing from the Brain in &s;leep, which being gathered in great plenty, produces pain, when waking. And &s;ometime the pain is a&s;|&s;waged after meat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> becau&s;e the acrimony of the Humour is &s;weetned with the kindline&s;s of the meat.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. If the Blood be not tran&s;mitted by the Li|ver, it being di&s;tended with plenty of Blood, will pre&s;s upon the Stomach, and will cau&s;e a mo&s;t grie|vous pain in it, and e&s;pecially after meat it will be &s;o complicated, that the pain can be ea&s;ed neither by Remedies taken inwardly nor outwardly. As I &s;aw it happen to <HI>N.</HI> who could not be ea&s;ed of &s;uch a pain, after all had been done, that could be done, otherwi&s;e than by the benefit of Nature: For when he was grievou&s;ly afflicted with it imme|diately after meal, behold! all on a &s;udden, he vo|mitted up much Blood, which pre&s;ently ea&s;ed his pain: For which ever after, as often as he <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> troubled with it, he was let Blood, and it cur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> him. The Hi&s;tory in <HI>Hippocrates Epidem.</HI> is not un|like this, of a Man,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span">.</NOTE> who in a violent pain of his Stomach, could be ea&s;ed by no other Remedy but by Bleeding.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. A certain Matron, who had complained two years of a pain at her Stomach, and could be cured by no Remedies, at la&s;t upon taking a Vo|mit, &s;he brought up a piece of Bacon skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hilda|nus.</NOTE> which &s;he had eaten two years before, and &s;he was well quickly after.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Concerning <HI>Hiera,</HI> which <HI>Galen</HI> commends in pains of the Stomach, ari&s;ing from cold matter or wind, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that it operates &s;lowly, and while it acts upon the vi&s;cid matter cleaving to the coats of the Stomach, Wind being thereby rai&s;ed, it cau&s;es the Belly to &s;well, and the pain to encrea&s;e; therefore it is advi&s;able to mix &s;ome other purgative,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> which may encrea&s;e the &s;trength of the <HI>Hiera,</HI> and quicken its operation.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. In pain of the Stomach, where there is need of Purging. <HI>J. Naevius</HI> according to <HI>Scholtzius,</HI> gives a Purge with corrected <HI>Opium</HI> mixt with it: For &s;o he ea&s;es pain by cau&s;ing Sleep: And the Medicine carries off with it the bad juices, con|tained in the Stomach, which cau&s;ed the pain; and he &s;ayes, it was formerly <HI>Lud. de Leonibus</HI> his &s;ecret. <HI>Frambe&s;arius</HI> al&s;o in <HI>cons. f.</HI> 362. in grievous pains, where there is need of Purging out the continent cau&s;e, commends the giving of Narcoticks in Pur|ges. <HI>Riverius</HI> commends this; Take of <HI>Diaphoen.</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Philonium Romanum</HI> 2 &s;cruples:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"></NOTE> with Chamomil water make a potion.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. I opened the Body of a Monk, who was &s;aid to have died of Colick pains, and enquiring into the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, I found the bottom of the Stomach not only inflamed; but corroded al&s;o to the middle of the coat. For the cure of &s;uch an Inflammation and Ero&s;ion of the Stomach <HI>Spigelius</HI> &s;aid, that nothing had been better, than the often taking of <HI>terra &s;igillata,</HI> as being a thing, which &s;tick|ing firmly to the eroded coats of the Stomach (as firmly as <HI>ceratum diachalciteos,</HI> applied to the inflamed foot) would have dried up the ero&s;ion. I after tried the worth of his &s;aying twice in extreme pains of the Stomach, to my admiration; when they could neither be laid by taking any Medi|cines inwardly, or applying any outwardly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sculter<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> except <HI>terra &s;igillata</HI> mixt with Syrup of Comfrey.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. When once a Per&s;on had taken a Purge of an unskilful Phy&s;ician, who, to ha&s;ten the work|ing, had mixt &s;ome &s;harp corroding things with it,
<PB N="630" REF="281"> there aro&s;e &s;o great a pain in his Stomach, that for three Weeks &s;pace he could take nothing in at his Mouth without cruel pain in his exulcerated Sto|mach, and was almo&s;t &s;tarved with hunger. When the Phy&s;icians laboured in vain, he at length u&s;ed Tragacanth, a thing which his own rea&s;on and ex|perience &s;ugge&s;ted to him, mixt with Ro&s;emary flower water, by the tenacity of which Tragacanth the Ulcer healed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE> and afterward he lived in health for &s;everal years.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;hows, that a Cupping-gla&s;s ap|plied to the Stomach, ea&s;es pain quickly and to ad|miration. Yet have a care, that there be no crude Humour in the Stomach, for if there &s;hould, it would encrea&s;e the pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rcatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. In puffing up of the Stomach, drying and a&s;tringent Pla&s;ters, adding the 4 hot Seeds and Sul|phur, mu&s;t be applied: For the&s;e a&s;tringent Pla|&s;ters hinder the great dilatation of the Stomach, and &s;o the Wind is better di&s;charged upwards or downwards. They are made of <HI>Empla&s;t. pro matrice, de ma&s;tice</HI> and <HI>contra rupturam.</HI> We add &s;eeds of Cum|min, <HI>Se&s;eli,</HI> Par&s;ly, Caroway, and other &s;trong &s;melling things, as Galangale, <HI>Cyperus,</HI> and a&s;trin|gents, unle&s;s pain hinder. For then upon the ac|count of the Pain we mu&s;t u&s;e other di&s;cutients, that are a little relaxing. But if it be without pain, the con&s;triction mu&s;t be encrea&s;ed, for the parts that are once di&s;tended, or made lax by di&s;|ten&s;ion, never come to them&s;elves again, unle&s;s they be kept &s;wathed, or &s;ome other way &s;traitned. For this rea&s;on, in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es, after &s;ome evacu|ation and di&s;cu&s;&s;ion we order to bind the region of the Stomach by degrees and gently, which may be done conveniently, with a &s;wathe over the Pla|&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. In the cure of a weak Stomach we mu&s;t ob|&s;erve, whether being &s;wollen with wind, it can bear Fomentations, and &s;uch Remedies. For, if there be any inflammation in its coats, being irrita|ted by the application of hot Medicines, it puffs up, di&s;tends, and is mo&s;t grievou&s;ly pained. Which they al&s;o do by di&s;turbing corrupt Humors, and upon this account,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mat. Marti|n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> they rather increa&s;e the heat than cure.</P>
<P N="51">LI All the back part of the Stomach lies upon the Spine, with which at the fir&s;t <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Loyns it is knit together. Whence it happens, that whenever the Stomach is violently di&s;tended with wind, tho&s;e parts, that are joyned to that part of the Stomach which is di&s;tended, do partake of the pain. Wherefore when the hind part is di&s;tended with wind, then the pain, lying mo&s;t upon the Spine and Loins, invades the region of the Kidneys, very &s;harply, ju&s;t as if one were troubled with the &s;tone in the Kidneys. Which thing often impo&s;es upon the mo&s;t skilful in the Art, &s;o that they often think,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">us.</NOTE> they have the &s;tone who are only ill of wind.</P>
<P N="52">LII. In an Inflammation of the Stomach Bleed|ing mu&s;t often be repeated, in both Arms, as much as the &s;trength will bear. Thus, though becau&s;e of &s;wooning and coldne&s;s in the extreme parts, &s;trength may &s;eem low at fir&s;t, yet that weakne&s;s is from oppre&s;&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rius.</NOTE> which requires evacuation, and therefore cannot hinder bleeding.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. Purgatives are not approved of in this di|&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e they di&s;turb the Humours, and draw them to the part affected: Yet <HI>Avicenna</HI> commends a decoction of Tamarinds; or half an ounce of <HI>ca&s;&s;ia</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Endive water or Whey, every day, for a week; becau&s;e this purges by loo&s;ning, not drawing, takes off the acrimony, and a&s;&s;wages pain. But it is better in the beginning to ab&s;tain wholly from purging. When the 7^t^h day is over, and &s;ome &s;igns of concoction and declination ap|pear,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> a Purge may be given of Infu&s;ion of Rheu|barb.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. Among Lenitives <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;ia</HI> may be con|venient for an inflamed Stomach; for though <HI>Galen</HI> 13. <HI>meth.</HI> 11. di&s;approve of purgatives in &s;uch ca&s;es, yet he would not have rejected <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> if he had known it.</P>
<P N="55">LV. The Advice of the Arabians mu&s;t not be followed, who apply to the Stomach not only Lettuce and Endive, but Poppy juice actually cold, Errors, as I think not to be admitted: for this &s;o principal a part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> and the &s;tore hou&s;e of the whole body, &s;hould not be &s;o much cooled. &para; We have an excellent Remedy in <HI>Galen</HI> 12. <HI>meth.</HI> 7. Drinking of cold water, yea, according to <HI>Trallianus</HI> a bladder half full of cold water or &s;now applied to the Stomach. Which two Remedies notwith&s;tanding mu&s;t be u&s;ed with a great deal of caution. For one who was 40 years old, being made very thir&s;ty and lean by a hot and dry intemperature of his Stomach, upon drinking a great deal of cold water, left off being thir&s;ty immediately, grew better and dige&s;ted well, but his Gullet being over cooled, killed him, <HI>Gal.</HI> 7. <HI>meth.</HI> 8. Therefore we mu&s;t be careful how we u&s;e &s;uch Medicines: for <HI>Benivenius</HI> has ob&s;erved, that a certain very cooling Pla&s;ter being applied to the Stomach, did cau&s;e difficulty of Breathing, Hickup, and death at la&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> &para; Cool|ers mu&s;t be &s;uch rather potentially than actually, for things actually cold (when the Stomach is in|flamed) &s;hut the pores, thicken the Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;ettle the Blood in the inflamed part.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. We mu&s;t al&s;o have a care of Opiates; for after much u&s;e of them the Stomach is ever after all their life long weak, and the mouth of the Sto|mach is very &s;en&s;ible, and quickly hurt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> They con|den&s;e al&s;o by too much cooling. Wherefore a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> follows an Inflammation.</P>
<P N="57">LVII. It is worth noting, what <HI>Dodonaeus Ob&s;. Med. cap.</HI> 31. tells us of red Urine, That &s;uch Urine is made not only in hot Di&s;ea&s;es, but oftentimes when the Stomach, and the Liver are weakned and cool|ed by long Di&s;ea&s;es. And he relates a Hi&s;tory of a Man Fifty years old, who after a Quartan Ague fell into a Lientery for five Months, and voided crude matter, and no Fever remaining, his Urine was very red: But he had no regard to that, but only to the crudity, and to make provi&s;ion for the Stomach and Liver, which were weakned with the Quartan Ague, he put him into a heating and dry|ing cour&s;e of Diet, and gave mo&s;t generous Wine. For Medicines he gave <HI>Diagalanga, Diatrionpipereon, &amp;c.</HI> whereby he prevailed &s;o far, that the excre|ments appeared concocted, and the colour of the Urine abated, and was like a &s;ound Man's. But when the Patient thought him&s;elf well, and pri|vately drunk &s;ome Beer, his Urine pre&s;ently grew red again, which plainly &s;howed, that Urine &s;ome|times may be tinged by the crudity and coolne&s;s of the Stomach: And when he ab&s;tained from Beer, his Urine became again like a healthy Man's. We may often ob&s;erve this in practice, e&s;pecially in &s;uch as recover of Quartane Agues; for they, when they have eaten any thing hard of dige&s;tion, often make &s;uch Urine; which colour is not bloody but &s;uch as is in burning Fevers, and it comes not from bile, which does not abound, but rather from a crude, and gro&s;s Humour. For, if the Stomach be weak, the &s;ulphureous and gro&s;&s;er parts of the food, are not &s;eparated in it and the guts, and &s;o voided by &s;tool, but pa&s;s into the blood, and being &s;eparated from it in the Kidne&s;s, tinge the blood with a red colour, for Urine has not its tincture from bile only, but from a red &s;alt, as we &s;ee Ly is tinged with an impure Salt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> So in Scorbuticks the the Urine is not only red, but &s;hining, afterwards letting fall a red &s;ediment, like to brick du&s;t.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. The famous <HI>Michael Ruccerus</HI> formerly took notice, that heat of the Stomach, called by the Greek <GAP DESC="foreign"> which comes from a cold Hu|mor and has been often cured by him with Treacle
<PB N="631" REF="281"> and generous Wine, mu&s;t be carefully di&s;tingui&s;hed from the burning of the mouth of the Stomach: For he &s;ayes, that this, which <HI>Galen</HI> 8. <HI>de compo&s;it. Med. S. loc. cap.</HI> 3. mentions by the name of <GAP DESC="foreign">, ari&s;es from violent hot Choler, fixt in the coats of the Stomach, and is very rare in <HI>Germany</HI> which he only &s;aw once all his life time in a certain No|bleman, and that he cured him by drinking cold water and Milk. <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> deriving the heat in the pit of the Heart or mouth of the Stomach, from the effu&s;ion of Gall and Tartar, omitting Purging, affirms the pain is only to be a&s;&s;waged, which he endeavours to do, with Henbane, Poppy, Man|drake, and Darnel, with Treacle: He al&s;o gave <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> with Amber, Mace, Sugar Candy and Mint water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="59">LIX. A Nobleman after high drinking of Rhe|ni&s;h Wine, was taken with a violent burning heat at his Stomach for &s;everal dayes, &s;o that, though he was very hungry or thir&s;ty, yet he could neither eat nor drink without pain, I per&s;waded him to take half a &s;cruple of <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> di&s;&s;olved in Elder water, he did it, and found ea&s;e, and in proce&s;s of time his heat was quite extinct and went away. Another Nobleman complained as much of &s;uch a heat in his Stomach, from the &s;ame cau&s;e, I recom|mended to him the above&s;aid <HI>Sal prunellae,</HI> which had given &s;everal others pre&s;ent ea&s;e; but with different &s;ucce&s;s: for his pain encrea&s;ed, to the ha|zard of his Life: Being affrighted with this Symp|tome, and con&s;idering that the heat ari&s;ing from too much &s;harpne&s;s in the mouth of the Stomach, might be encrea&s;ed by the Salt Nitre, when I found that Mucilage of Quince-&s;eeds would do no good, I gave half a drachm of Cream of Tartar, and what was the effect?<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Cnofelius. <HI>Mi&s;c. Cur. ann.</HI> 1672. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 211.</NOTE> It had not been given a quarter of an hour, but the pain was quite gone, and &s;o the Patient was &s;aved to the admiration of &s;everal.</P>
<P N="60">LX. <HI>Joh. Raymund. Fortis con&s;ult.</HI> 89. <HI>cent.</HI> 2. pro|pounds moi&s;tning with &s;ome attenuation. Among externals there is no better Remedy than Milk, e&s;pecially A&s;&s;es, in&s;tead of which, when it is apt to corrupt, I u&s;ually apply 5 ounces of Mallow juice depurated. But we mu&s;t wholly de&s;i&s;t from the u&s;e of other drying things, Rheubarb, Tartar, and even Chalybeates, which otherwi&s;e I am wont to u&s;e again&s;t hardne&s;&s;es proceeding from other cau&s;es, as conden&s;ing cold, or filling abundance of the Hu|mours.</P>
<P N="61">LXI. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> was &s;uddenly taken with mo&s;t violent pains about her Stomach and Spleen, which could neither be &s;topt by Fomentations, nor Purging: but after &s;he was bled plentiful in the left Arm, her pains left her.</P>
<P N="62"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE>LXII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> the la&s;t 3 Months of her going with Child was every day troubled with a tedious palpitation of her Stomach, and &s;he was happily cured of it with no other Remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Schultzius, <HI>Mi&s;c. curios. ann.</HI> 1676. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 141.</NOTE> than 1 &s;cruple of <HI>Requies Nicolai</HI> &s;wallowed now and then before meal. &para; A certain Water-drinker having at a Fea&s;t drank &s;everal healths in Water, fell into horrible gnawings at his Stomach, and the Heart|burn, the next day he was all Icterick, the day following he took a Purge. About Evening his pain came afre&s;h, and the upper orifice of his Sto|mach began to beat as &s;trongly as his heart (which Pul&s;e or rather pul&s;ation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Car. Ray|ger. <HI>mi&s;c. cu. ann.</HI> 76. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 205.</NOTE> of the Heart, I have of|ten ob&s;erved in the Colick, e&s;pecially that of our Country) I gave him flowers of Nitre with Magi|&s;tery of Crabs-Eyes, Pearl and Coral, and the Pain vani&s;hed in a moment and returned no more.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. Cholerick, lean, red haired, and thin bo|died people are in the beginning of Summer trou|bled with a pain at their Stomach: for becau&s;e the Orifice of their Stomach is endued with a mo&s;t ex|qui&s;ite &s;en&s;e, it is vellicated by bilious Humours (which were before in &s;ome mea&s;ure checked by the temper of the Spring or Winter) The cure is, to purge with Rheubarb, and to give 3 or 4 grains of <HI>Laudanum Paracel&s;i;</HI> for certainly when the exqui|&s;ite &s;en&s;e of the Stomach is dulled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">qu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">4.</NOTE> they live much better.</P>
<P N="64">LXIV. Revul&s;ion mu&s;t be made of the Humour that cau&s;es the pain in the Stomach by divers means, by frictions, Bathings, Cupping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and it mu&s;t be derived to the wayes of Urine, the Mouth, and to the Mu&s;cles, by cauteries: And &s;ometimes to the very Joynts, though they have been pained before. <HI>Galen</HI> 7. <HI>Meth. c.</HI> 11. &s;ayes, we mu&s;t con&s;i|der, whether the part mittent of the Humour to the Stomach be le&s;s noble than the part &s;u&s;cipient. If the part mittent be le&s;s noble, the matter mu&s;t be drawn to the ignoble part, if the pain of the Stomach proceed from arthritick pains, the Phy&s;i|cian need not fear to &s;end the pains to the former place. If they be equally noble,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxoni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> we mu&s;t take care to &s;trengthen both.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. Since Emul&s;ions &s;weeten the acrimony of the Humours, e&s;pecially of the <HI>Serum,</HI> when it is tinged with a bilious &s;aline acrimony, it is ob&s;er|vable that they are not &s;o good for acid Humours, or for &s;uch in general as are gathered in the fir&s;t wayes, becau&s;e acids, as they are contrary to Milk, &s;o al&s;o to emul&s;ions; and for this rea&s;on they are not &s;o convenient in an acid and pituitous crudity, but they rather add weight to that vi&s;ci|dity, and cau&s;e di&s;turbances,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedeliu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&punc;</NOTE> wherefore in this ca&s;e they are often vomited up again.</P>
<P N="66">LXVI. In the u&s;e of all Emul&s;ions, al&s;o the &s;trength of the Stomach mu&s;t be looked to, that they be not ordered, when Humours abound, and con&s;equently laxity; nor in wind: for when the Heat is not &s;trong, when Humours in general a|bound e&s;pecially acid, bilious, phlegmatick, in and about the Stomach, wind is ea&s;ily produced, or the Emul&s;ions are windy. Therefore in wind of the Stomach, weak appetite (by an e&s;&s;ential fault e&s;|pecially, for in Fevers it is another thing) Colick, Drop&s;ie, <HI>diarrhoea</HI> and other fluxes of the Belly, they are not altogether &s;o commendable, for they ea&s;i|ly turn &s;ower, and corrupt on the Stomach. Where|fore the <HI>Helmontians</HI> little e&s;teem them, becau&s;e they bring a &s;trange &s;owerne&s;s: hence likewi&s;e it is ea|&s;ily evident, that they do no good in any pains, coming from vitiated Chylification, from wind in the lower Belly, or from ob&s;tructions there. I ob|&s;erved once, that one &s;ick of a Malignant Fever, when he took much of an Emul&s;ion, that was pre|&s;cribed him, he fell into the Hickup;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> others have been troubled with belching, after them.</P>
<P N="67">LXVII. There ari&s;es a great difficulty about a cold Stomach and a hot Liver; how namely a cold Stomach may be heated, and the Liver not inflam|ed; Since what things heat the Stomach, the &s;ame for the mo&s;t part, al&s;o inflame the Liver. And <HI>Ga|len</HI> contriving how to obviate this mi&s;chief, invent|ed that compo&s;ition, which he called <HI>Diatrion Pipe|reon.</HI> This Medicine indeed is endued with a &s;in|gular virtue, to heat the Stomach, &s;o as that its heat &s;hall not be communicated to the Liver: for, &s;eeing it con&s;i&s;ts of 3 &s;orts of Pepper, who&s;e heat|ing faculty con&s;i&s;ts in a thin &s;ub&s;tance, it is &s;pent before it comes at the Liver.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Abr. Seyl|ler, <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 6. <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> Cratony.</NOTE> It is therefore a con|venient Medicine to heat and take off the intem|perature of the Stomach.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For Impo&s;thumes, Ero&s;ion, and Ulcers.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. I have experienced this Pla&s;ter, that it ripens Impo&s;thumes, Take River or Sea Crabs; boyl them in water, let the fle&s;h when boyled and brui&s;ed and mixt with Barly flower, be applied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bayrul&punc;</NOTE> This ri|pens the Impo&s;thume effectually in 3 dayes.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="632" REF="282">2. When the Ulcer is clean&s;ed, Amber may be given.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benedictus.</NOTE> It is good al&s;o in Vomiting of Blood.</P>
<P N="3">3. Antimony is the only thing which Purges and rids the Stomach of all its tartareous excrements. When the Body is purged the butter of Pearl is good for a Con&s;umption of the Stomach; but he that can u&s;e the &s;weet and red Oyl of Antimony, needs no other Medicines for the Cure of the Sto|mach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Joh. Fab<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">4. This Medicine is effectual in healing an Ulcer in the Stomach, Take of Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;tich, Tragacanth each 3 drachms, Amber 1 drachm, a little Dragon's Blood, with Syrup of Quinces.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For heat of the Stomach.</HEAD>
<P N="1"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman|nus.</NOTE>1. I have experienced, that Tincture of Tartar is good for heat in the Stomach.</P>
<P N="2">2. It is e&s;pecially good for &s;uch as travel in Sum|mer time to take the tops of the twigs of a green Sloe tree, that have grown that year, and chew them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joel.</NOTE> and &s;wallow them.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For Wind.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. There is nothing more convenient and proper for concoction, than to wear a Pla&s;ter of one part pure <HI>Ladanum</HI> and two parts Wax; for it &s;weetly maintains the innate heat, and conduces very much to break Wind and help concoction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Dwarf-Elder u&s;ed any way is exceeding good for Wind in the Stomach or in any part. The root of it is more effectual than the leaves. Boyled in Wine and drunk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabelchove|rus.</NOTE> it is very good for Drop|&s;ies.</P>
<P N="3">3. Three or four drops of Oyl of Carowayes given in broth or wine are good, and Lozenges made of it. &para; Al&s;o <HI>Empla&s;trum de baccis lauri</HI> is very effectual in expelling of Wind.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">nertus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For Intemperature.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In a cold intemperature of the Stomach I have long experienced this Pla&s;ter to be of won|derful virtue; Take of <HI>Diachylum majus,</HI> Pitch or Turpentine each 2 drachms, <HI>Diarrhodon Abbatis</HI> 2 drachms, as much Wax as is &s;ufficient. Make a Pla|&s;ter and apply it to the Stomach. &para; Oyl of Fir, Indian Bal&s;ame, and oyl of Ma&s;tich are al&s;o won|derful good in a dry cau&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Crocus metallorum Ab&s;ynthiacus</HI> is excellent good in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Myn&s;ichr.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. In a hot and moi&s;t intemperature of the Sto|mach, I have often with &s;ucce&s;s u&s;ed this Electuary of Steel; Take of prepared Coriander half an ounce, <HI>Species Diatrion Santalon</HI> 2 drachms, Ro&s;es pow|dered 1 drachm, prepared Steel 6 drachms, Sugar di&s;&s;olved in Ro&s;e water what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Make an Electuary.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is an effectual Catapla&s;m in a cold in|temperature of the Stomach, which <HI>Rha&s;es ad Alman|&s;orem</HI> makes of <HI>Styraz,</HI> Spike, Wormwood, <HI>Calamus A|romaticus</HI> and Ma&s;tich, &s;prinkled with old Wine and juice of Quinces. &para; In an intemperature of the Stomach coming from thick bile, when it &s;ticks fa&s;t to the Coats of the Stomach, there can &s;carce be a better Remedy than <HI>Hiera.</HI> &para; In a cold and moi&s;t intemperature the following water is good, which is good for a weak Stomach, purges it of &s;limy Humours, cures a Cachexy, and hinders the breeding of Worms; Take of Gentian, le&s;&s;er Cen|taury each 3 ounces, Galangal, Cinnamon, Mace, Cloves, each 1 ounce, flowers of Sage, St. John's|wort, Ro&s;emary each half an handful, white Wine 4 pounds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> Dige&s;t them 8 dayes, and then de&s;till them.</P>
<P N="5">5. Flowers of Roman Wormwood and tops of Melilot, boyled in Wine and &s;trained. The Cola|ture drunk is highly commended in a cold intem|perature of the Stomach. &para; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Bene|dictus</HI> is reckoned a pre&s;ent Remedy in a cold and moi&s;t Stomach, if taken warm in the Morning.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Ventris Dolor, <HI>or the Belly-ach.</HI></HEAD>
<P>(See <HI>the Colick</HI> Book III.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vertigo,</HI> or Swimming in the Head.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Method of Cure. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein may be breathed? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vein may he breathed in the Fit. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be bled? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweating may do good. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Arteriotomy &s;ometimes does good. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues, Setons, Burnings, when and where they are proper? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by an I&s;&s;ue in the Leg. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Purge? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t u&s;e gentle things. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are good. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Errhina</HI> do no hurt. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Repellents may be applied? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Po&s;ture of Body &s;hould be u&s;ed? <HI>XIV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AN accidental <HI>Vertigo,</HI> or any that is new, is for the mo&s;t part cured by Bleeding, and Purging &s;ometimes. For the cure of one that is habitual and inveterate there are three Medical Intentions. 1. When all the matter for the Di&s;ea&s;e to feed upon is taken away, we mu&s;t endeavour to pre&s;erve the Brain free from new afflux of Morbi|fick matter; for which purpo&s;e when a right cour&s;e of Diet is ordered, &s;ometimes bleeding, and a gen|tle purge given frequently at intervals will be convenient. Let a dry and airy place be cho&s;en; let immoderate and un&s;ea&s;onable &s;leep and &s;tudy be avoided; let him ab&s;tain from Mornings and Evenings draughts; in&s;tead of the former let him drink Tea or Coffee made with a few leaves of Sage mixt with them; let an I&s;&s;ue be made in the Leg or Arm, and &s;ometimes let the Haemorrhoid Veins be opened; let the Party affected alwayes ri&s;e betimes, and every Morning wa&s;h his Temples and Fore-head with cold water, and rub it with a cour&s;e cloth. 2. The &s;econd Intention will be to take away the procatarctick cau&s;es, wherefore we mu&s;t endeavour both that the cacochymick Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood, and the weak and too lax con&s;tituti|on of the Brain may be amended. For the Fir&s;t, Medicines, that are powerful alteratives, as tem|perate Anti&s;corbuticks, chalybeates, and &s;ometimes Spaw-waters or Whey, are proper. To which, be|cau&s;e of the latter thing indicated, cephalick Medi|cines mu&s;t alwayes be added, &s;uch namely as are made of Coral, Amber, Man's skull, Male Paeony root, Mi&s;letoe, Peacock's dung, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. The third Intention, which is properly curatory, takes away the conjunct cau&s;e, which neverthele&s;s, when the procatarctick are removed; u&s;ually cea&s;es of it &s;elf: For if the approach of all extraneous matter into the Brain be prevented, there will nothing remain but pure Spirits, which having got liberty and room enough within the callous body, they di&s;per&s;e them&s;elves thence every way. However for this &s;cope of cure, we mu&s;t give now and then Medi|cines endued with a volatil Salt, who&s;e very &s;ubtil
<PB N="633" REF="282"> and active particles recreate the Animal Spirits, &s;uch as e&s;pecially are &s;pirit of Harts horn, Soot, Sal Ammoniac, impregnated with Amber, Mans Skull, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tinctures of Coral, Amber, Antimony, Elixir of Paeony and the like.</P>
<P>Moreover it may not be ami&s;s to adumbrate the method of cure a little more particularly, in &s;how|ing what mu&s;t be done upon account of the cure in the Paroxy&s;m; and what for pre&s;ervation, out of it. 1. As for the fir&s;t, although the coming of the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> how cruel &s;oever it &s;eems, have for the mo&s;t part no danger in it, and goes often off of it &s;elf, becau&s;e the Patients think they will dye, and do de&s;ire the aid of Medicine in &s;uch a ca&s;e, after a Cly&s;ter has been given, let Blood, if the Pul&s;e in|dicate it. Then apply a bli&s;ter to the Neck, and &s;mell to &s;trong things as Ca&s;tor, &s;pirit or volatil Salt of Harts-horn, Urine or Sal Ammoniack. The&s;e Spirits al&s;o may be given twice or thrice a day with a convenient do&s;e of Cephalick decoction, at the hour of &s;leep take a <HI>bolus</HI> of Mithridate with powder of Ca&s;tor. The next day, if the Di&s;ea&s;e be not gone, let him take a gentle Purge: Or, if the Patient be enclined or ea&s;ie to vomit, let him take a Vomit, than which there is &s;carce a better Reme|dy. 2. And now we mu&s;t con&s;ider, what mu&s;t be done out of the Fit, for the cure of an inveterate and almo&s;t continual <HI>Vertigo.</HI> Therefore when I have put the Patient in a cour&s;e of Bleeding and Purge|ing according to his con&s;titution and &s;trength, it is my cu&s;tome to advi&s;e him to take a Vomit once a Month, if nothing contra-indicate: For which end, the weaker &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt, after they have &s;tuffed their Sto|machs, with &s;lippery meats, may take 2 or 3 oun|ces of Wine or Oxymel of Squils, and afterwards drink &s;tore of <HI>Carduus</HI> po&s;&s;et drink, till they vomit. Others may take a Vomit of Salt of Vitriol or Sul|phur of Antimony, or infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum.</HI> As for I&s;&s;ues, Bli&s;ters, Bleeding the Haemorrhoids, Pla&s;ters or Caps for the Head; al&s;o Pla&s;ters to the Feet or Wri&s;ts, for revul&s;ion or derivation &s;ake, let the Phy&s;ician con&s;ider whether they be needful. And becau&s;e all things agree not with all People, the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t try divers Medicines, and various Methods, &s;ometimes one &s;ometimes another. The Vertiginous may drink for their ordinary drink &s;mall Ale with leaves of Mi&s;letoe of an Appletree boyled in it in&s;tead of Hops: And in a 4 Gallon Run|let let a bag with half a pound of Peacock's dung and 3 drachms of Cloves brui&s;ed be hung in it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Letting of Blood &s;eems not proper, becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e may ari&s;e from vaporous and &s;pirituous exhalations, which cloud <HI>Pallas</HI> her tower, and the&s;e cannot be evacuated by Bleeding: For Bleeding is rather proper in abundance of Blood, either in re&s;pect of the whole, in a <HI>Plethora,</HI> or of &s;ome part, in derivation and revul&s;ion. And, the proximate cau&s;e of the <HI>Vertigo</HI> con&s;idered, there is rather need of &s;uch things as break wind, and pre|vent the breeding of it. For the deci&s;ion we mu&s;t con&s;ider, that in the cure of a <HI>Vertigo</HI> we mu&s;t &s;ome times have re&s;pect to the antecedent cau&s;e, which by a certain continuity upholds the conjunct: Wherefore among other Remedies bleeding is pre|&s;cribed by <HI>Aetius,</HI> whether in the beginning or pro|gre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, if nothing hinder it, e&s;pecially where a bloody and hot matter gives original to tho&s;e fuming exhalations, that cau&s;e the <HI>Vertigo. Ga|len. l. de cur. t. per v. &s;.</HI> 10. approves the &s;ame. A fur|ther limitation al&s;o may be here ob&s;erved, which <HI>Heurn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us</HI> &s;ets; If, &s;aith he, accu&s;tomed excretion grow &s;low, and the Di&s;ea&s;e encrea&s;e, as in &s;uppre&s;|&s;ion of Sweat and Blood, Blood may be let in the Arm. But you mu&s;t not do this, when the Di&s;ea&s;e comes from cold, but where there is a <HI>Plethora,</HI> the Di&s;ea&s;e bad and the Age &s;trong, a Vein may be opened, &s;ayes <HI>Aetius.</HI> We had la&s;t year an in&s;tance of good &s;ucce&s;s in a <HI>Vertigo</HI> cured by Bleeding, that had long afflicted a principal Citizen, who was of a hot con&s;titution, but a weak head, who having been ill of a grievous <HI>Vertigo</HI> for &s;everal dayes by rea&s;on of vaporous and fuming Blood, after he had taken a gentle Cly&s;ter, and had in vain tried &s;eve|ral proper Cephalicks, was at la&s;t by once bleed|ing immediately ea&s;ed of that Symptome, that con|tinually afflicted him. Yea, <HI>Paulus</HI> commends bleed|ing the Arteries about the Ears, when hot exhala|tions are conveyed by the Arteries in great &s;tore to the Brain: In&s;tead of which Remedy they have now found a better, which is, a Cautery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> either actual or potential, about the coronal Suture.</P>
<P N="3">III. Although &s;ome di&s;&s;wade Bleeding in the time of the Fit, le&s;t &s;trength, which is then low, &s;hould be further weakned, yet if the <HI>Vertigo</HI> be long and violent, and the con&s;titution of the Pati|ent &s;uch, that he mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be bled, le&s;t an Apoplexy &s;eize him; and if there be imminent danger of an Apoplexy, there is no rea&s;on why Bleeding may not be allowed of,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ertus.</NOTE> if there be Indi|cants, that require it.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Blee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ing in the humerary Vein is proper in Plethorick Per&s;ons, not only if the &s;ource of the Di&s;ea&s;e lye in the Blood, but al&s;o if there be ei|ther too much or &s;pirituous Blood in the Head, which occa&s;ions the <HI>Vertigo:</HI> For &s;eeing the Blood both of the Arteries and the Veins is confounded in the <HI>Sinu&s;es</HI> of the Brain, if a Vein be but opened, &s;pirituous Blood will come out; in which if the mi&s;chief lye, the main end of cure con&s;i&s;ts in bleed|ing. And for this rea&s;on they advi&s;e Bleeding in the Jugulars. Yea, many teach, that if Spirituous Blood cau&s;e the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> it cannot be cured, except the Arteries behind the Ears be opened: and this &s;ort of Remedy has proved well upon experience, when all others have been tried in vain: Yet we mu&s;t not do this, till we have tried all other wayes, and are certain of the cau&s;e, and know by the con|tinual beating of the Arteries, that it comes from &s;pirituous Blood. A Vein al&s;o may be opened in the Forehead, if it come from this cau&s;e, and in the Foot, if Vapors a&s;cend from thence. And if the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, the <HI>Saphaena,</HI> e&s;pecially if the cau&s;e, that &s;ends the Vapours upwards, lye a|bout the Veins of the Womb. Upon which account, the Haemorrhoids al&s;o may very well be provok|ed, if the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e lye in the Me&s;a|raicks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. If neither Bleeding in the greater Veins, nor in the wri&s;t, nor in the Haemorrhoids, nor Cup|ping will do you good, e&s;pecially if you have tried them often, and if you have u&s;ed Purges, &s;tronger and weaker; you mu&s;t then without doubt have recour&s;e to &s;weating with <HI>Guaiacum, China, &amp;c.</HI> e&s;|pecially if there be any &s;u&s;picion of the Pox. But if the&s;e neither will do any good, then nece&s;&s;ity puts us on two &s;orts of Remedies; the fir&s;t where|of intercepts the pa&s;&s;ages, by which any thing is tran&s;mitted either from the whole Body or from any part of it, to the Brain. And this comprehends the cutting of the Arteries behind the Ears, cele|brated among the Antients, which they valued &s;o much. Which Remedy, be&s;ides that it is &s;u&s;pected for Barrenne&s;s (if we may believe <HI>Hippocrates</HI>) and to cut an Artery any where is not without danger; Be&s;ides al&s;o, if they may &s;afely either be cut or burnt, we cannot therefore think, that all the wayes, whereby the Head receives, are &s;topt pre|&s;ently, &s;ince often the mi&s;chief gets into the Head by the internal Ve&s;&s;els, which can neither be burnt nor cut. Wherefore it were a madne&s;s to try a doubtful and &s;u&s;pected Remedy, which is more dangerous than the pre-exi&s;tent Ail. But where the Ilne&s;s is extreme, I &s;hould rather venture to burn the Veins of the Forehead and Temples by a Skilful hand. If you dare not venture on this, you may betake your &s;elf to the &s;econd &s;ort of Reme|dies, which is, if the Veins be very turgid in the Head, to empty the fulne&s;s of the Head, by Bleed|ding
<PB N="634" REF="283"> under the Tongue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> &para; But if any one intend to abate the fullne&s;s of the Head, omitting doubt|ful Remedies, it is better to open the Jugulars, which is a pre&s;ent Remedy, and without danger.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Arteriotomy is propounded by <HI>Galen</HI> and o|ther Graecians, Arabians, and Latins, made either behind the Ears, as <HI>Galen</HI> advi&s;es, or in the temporal Artery, that is mo&s;t tumid and beats mo&s;t. Now, an Artery is cut either in the &s;ame manner, as a Vein, only for evacuation of the hot Blood, as <HI>Pa|raeus</HI> advi&s;es, who&s;e coun&s;el I have followed in this operation in other ca&s;es, with &s;ucce&s;s: Or it is cut deep, and quite through tran&s;ver&s;e, &s;o that the ends of the Arteries may contract them&s;elves and clo&s;e up, whereupon no great effu&s;ion of Blood fol|lows. This operation more certainly intercepts evaporation, by coale&s;cence, not by ob&s;truction of the Arteries. Although it be a que&s;tion, whether this tran&s;ver&s;e &s;ection &s;tops the flux of the matter, &s;ince a hot evaporation is made by the Arteries, internal and external, right and left. Wherefore perhaps the interception would be greater, if &s;trong A&s;tringents were frequently applied to the carotid and temporal Arteries.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvaticus.</NOTE> But the tran&s;ver&s;e &s;ection is now u&s;ual at <HI>Milan.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. There are not wanting &s;ome, who advi&s;e to burn the Head in &s;everal places with an hot Iron, which indeed is le&s;s &s;u&s;picious, e&s;pecially where the ca&s;e is de&s;perate. In&s;tead of which, our Art has found a Remedy of no le&s;s moment, and much &s;afer, namely an I&s;&s;ue behind in the Head, or a Se|ton there. Which Remedy though it be very ef|fectual in this evil, yet it &s;hould only be u&s;ed, by them, whom the <HI>Vertigo</HI> ca&s;ts down, and makes fall in the Fit. For &s;eeing it is certain that the Ail is communicated to the hinder Ventricles of the Brain, it may be feared, that the Patient might fall into an Apoplexy, Epilep&s;y, or at lea&s;t a Pal&s;ie. But when all the Ilne&s;s con&s;i&s;ts only in a Vertigi|nous circumvolution, or dimne&s;s of fight, a &s;ign in|deed of hurt in the fore parts of the Brain, I think it far better to make an I&s;&s;ue in the Arm, or a Se|ton thereabout. But if it &s;o happen, that the Li|ver, Womb, or Haemorrhoids are &s;topt, or any o|ther evacuation by Ulcer or <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> (which often happens) be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed; al&s;o when any &s;welling in the Lower Parts falls; without doubt I think it nece&s;&s;ary, either to recall the former fluxion; or in&s;tead of it, to open an I&s;&s;ue in the Leg, by which Nature may tran&s;mit what &s;he u&s;ed to expel other wayes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Be&s;ide other Remedies, I have ob&s;erved, I&s;&s;ues made in the Legs have done much good. And though they be properly convenient where the <HI>Vertigo</HI> comes from the Spleen, Liver or Womb; yet I have likewi&s;e ob&s;erved, that I&s;&s;ues in one or both Legs have done a great deal of good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">alis.</NOTE> when it comes from the Stomach.</P>
<P N="9">IX. That Vertiginous Per&s;ons &s;hould be purged, e&s;pecially upwards, is proved from 4. <HI>aph.</HI> 17. and <HI>lib. de affect. n.</HI> 2. <HI>But if pain and the</HI> Vertigo, <HI>&s;ometimes the one, &s;ometimes the other, come upon the Head, indeed the&s;e things u&s;ed do good,</HI> that is, the Remedies pre&s;cribed, among which Purging of the Head is reckoned. He confirms this <HI>lib. de veratri u&s;u:</HI> This opinion may be proved from 18. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4. <HI>aphor.</HI> and from Rea&s;on; be|cau&s;e if the <HI>Vertigo</HI> ari&s;e from bile floating upon the Stomach, without doubt it mu&s;t be excluded. But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>Pror<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">het. num.</HI> 9. excludes the Vertigi|nous from Purging. <HI>They that Vomit black matter, loath their meat, are delirious, pained about their</HI> pubes, <HI>who have a fierce or clo&s;ed Eye, purging Phy&s;ick mu&s;t not be given to them; for it is pernicious; nor to &s;uch as are &s;wollen or vertiginous. Damocles</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> 80. having the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> was not pur|ged neverthele&s;s. If the <HI>Vertigo</HI> ari&s;e from a weak|ne&s;s in the Head, it will be made wor&s;e by purg|ing: If from a ma&s;s of Humours in the Brain, they will be more di&s;turbed, whence the <HI>Vertigo</HI> will en|crea&s;e. Be&s;ides, in an acute Fever a <HI>Vertigo</HI> often comes from the concour&s;e of Blood, critical or &s;ymptomatical, but this is cured by Haemorrhagy, not by purging. This may be reconciled, con&s;i|dering that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>aph.</HI> 17. &s;peaks of a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> a &s;tranger, coming from bile floating on the Stomach, which cannot be di&s;charged but by Vomiting, as the Stomach is next to it, and it has a tendency that way. And that he &s;peaks of a <HI>Vertigo</HI> coming from that cau&s;e, the Di&s;ea&s;es joyned there do &s;hew. And an inbred <HI>Vertigo</HI> proceeding from a Malignant Cacochymy in the Brain, without doubt requires purging, not by emeticks, becau&s;e vomiting fills the Head, but downwards: for the foul Humours being carried off, whereby the animal Spirits are di&s;turbed, the <HI>Vertigo</HI> al&s;o will cea&s;e; becau&s;e, when the matter is di&s;charged, no more caliginous Spirit will be bred. But a <HI>Vertigo</HI> that has neither a Ple|thory nor a Cacochymy for its cau&s;e, but a fixt and bad di&s;po&s;ition in the Brain, will not give way to purging, but only to Alteration: The place quo|ted out of <HI>Prorrhet.</HI> mu&s;t be under&s;tood of this; though <HI>Galen</HI> in his commentaries thinks it is only prohibited by weakne&s;s. What if we &s;ay, that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in that place judges, the Vertiginous &s;hould not be purged, becau&s;e of a concurrence of Symptomes attending? For he &s;ayes, <HI>Neither the Ver|tiginous, nor &s;wollen, nor that cannot walk, nor loathing their food, nor di&s;coloured.</HI> For it is clear, that &s;uch are ve|ry ill, and cannot bear Purging. La&s;tly a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> that is the effect of a weakned Brain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sinibaldus. <HI>Antiph. pag.</HI> 174.</NOTE> and of exhau|&s;ted Spirits, &s;uch as befalls new married People, requires only Re&s;toratives, not further evacua|tion.</P>
<P N="10">X. Strong Purges mu&s;t wholly be avoided,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Crucius,</HI> de Quae&s;itis.</NOTE> for they heat too much, and cau&s;e vertiginous motions in &s;uch as are not &s;ubject to them.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Vomits often do good: for be&s;ides Authors te&s;timonies, it appears from common experience. And moreover becau&s;e the vertiginous do often vo|mit, hereupon many have grounded an opinion, that the cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e does almo&s;t ever lye in the Stomach. Now, the rea&s;on why Emeticks do good in this Di&s;ea&s;e, is, becau&s;e by this &s;ort of Phy&s;ick, there is both a great revul&s;ion made of the Humours in the Brain, and the di&s;turbed Spirits are &s;oon compo&s;ed. When the Membranes and Fi|bres of the Stomach and Parts thereabout are velli|cated, divers Humours, that is, the Nervous, Se|rous, Lymphatick, Pancreatick, and Bilious are drawn to tho&s;e Parts, and &s;o carried off, &s;o that the Brain is free from the afflux of them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and ea&s;ily di&s;|charges many that were &s;ettled there already.</P>
<P N="12">XII. After univer&s;al evacuations we may proceed to particular ones of the Head by Sternutatories, <HI>Errhina,</HI> Ma&s;ticatories and Apophlegmati&s;ms. <HI>Er|rhina</HI> indeed are &s;u&s;pected by &s;ome, for they fear, le&s;t by that motion the Humours and Spirits in the Brain be more di&s;turbed, and &s;o a <HI>Vertigo</HI> be cau&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> but if convenient evacuations of the Head have preceeded, we need fear no &s;uch thing.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. In a <HI>Vertigo</HI> if fumes be ob&s;erved to a&s;cend by the outer Ve&s;&s;els, Repellents have place; but if they a&s;cend by the inner, they are &s;o far from doing good, that they do hurt, &s;eeing they do not repre&s;s fumes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> but retain them there when a&s;cend|ed. The ca&s;e is the &s;ame in the Head-ach.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. If the <HI>Vertigo</HI> ari&s;e from turning the Body round to the right or to the left, the turning the contrary way cures it &s;oone&s;t: In which lying on ones back is good.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> But if it come from an inter|nal cau&s;e or from Drunkenne&s;s, this cau&s;es it.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB N="635" REF="283">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. This is a mo&s;t effectual Remedy in a <HI>Vertigo</HI> by Sympathy, if Southernwood powdered be drunk in Wine warm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Donatus ab Altomari.</NOTE> or with <HI>Oxymel</HI> that is not &s;harp, as <HI>Marcellus</HI> &s;ayes.</P>
<P N="2">2. Oyl of Box, as in the epilep&s;y, &s;o in the <HI>Verti|go</HI> is reckoned an excellent Medicine inwardly and outwardly, anoynting the Arteries of the Temples, behind the Ears, and at the Wri&s;ts, and the Soles of the Feet: Inwardly thus; Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary flowers 4 ounces, Oyl of Box, Nutmeg, Mint each half a drachm, with Syrup of Citron rind make an Electuary. The Do&s;e half a drachm; yea, if 8 or 9 drops of Oyl of Box be given with three ounces of Paeony water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; Fon|&s;eca.</NOTE> he will find no better Re|medy.</P>
<P N="3"><NOTE PLACE="marg">F. Hofman|nus.</NOTE>3. Three drachms of Seed of Columbine is good in a <HI>Vertigo.</HI></P>
<P N="4">4. <HI>Van Helmont</HI> &s;ayes he cured him&s;elf of a <HI>Vertigo</HI> with Sulphur of Vitriol.</P>
<P N="5">5. Silk worms dried and powdered, and &s;trewed on the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> wonderfully &s;trengthen the Head in a <HI>Vertigo.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. <HI>Marcellus</HI> has a Medicine, which I have experi|enced; Take <HI>My&s;i</HI> and beat it to powder, &s;teep it in Vinegar, and &s;o &s;teeped apply it in manner of a Catapla&s;m to the Temples and behind the Ears: for it has an excellent virtue to di&s;per&s;e Vapors,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialis.</NOTE> which cau&s;e a <HI>Vertigo.</HI></P>
<P N="7"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;tachius Rhudius.</NOTE>7. Some &s;ay, that the juice of black Betes, ap|plied to the Temples, quickly cures a <HI>Vertigo.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8. In a <HI>Vertigo</HI> by Sympathy coming from an hot cau&s;e this is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy; Take of Fumitory 1 handful, Dodder of Time 8 drachms, Myrobalans citrine 2 drachms, pulp of Tamarinds 1 drachm, Endive, Cichory, Pur&s;lain each 1 hand|ful, Rai&s;ins 6 drachms, let them boyl in a &s;ufficient quantity of water; to the expre&s;&s;ion add of juice of Quinces, juice of unripe Grapes each 3 ounces, pulp of Dama&s;cens boyled in the former decoction, and pa&s;&s;ed through a &s;ieve, 1 pound. Let them boyl to a moderate con&s;i&s;tency; then add of <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> new drawn 6 ounces, pulp of Tamarinds 3 ounces, <HI>Species ditragacanth. Santal.</HI> each half a drachm, Sugar what is &s;ufficient. Mix them and make an Electu|ary. The Do&s;e from half an ounce to 6 drachms, every or every other day before Supper. &para; In a <HI>Vertigo</HI> cau&s;ed by ob&s;tructions of the Brain this is an effectual Remedy; Take of powder of Staves-acre, 8 grains, <HI>My&s;i</HI> 1 drachm Pellitory, of <HI>Spain</HI> 1 &s;cruple, yellow Wax 1 ounce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxonia.</NOTE> a little Sugar. Make it in|to a Ma&s;ticatory.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ve&s;icae Affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Bladder.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When it is full of Excrements, whether we may purge? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In an Inflammation of it, or the Kidneys, what Vein &s;hould be fir&s;t opened? <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es may be applied? <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the &V;lcers of the Bladder, how injections may be made. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t have but few a&s;tringents in them. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch their matter &s;hould be? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by Spaw waters. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Bal&s;ame. <HI>VIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. <HI>GAlen</HI> is reprehended by &s;ome, becau&s;e 7. <HI>method. cap. ult.</HI> he &s;ays, that the Bladder is purged by the Guts, if it be full of Humours; For, &s;ay they, what other way is there from the Bladder to the Guts, than by the Ureters, Kidneys, and a thou&s;and Maeanders in the Veins? But it were ri|diculous, to imagine purging by &s;o many turnings, and to leave the &s;treight and common way. Yet let not <HI>Galen</HI> be blamed, who &s;everal times opens the cau&s;es of this transfu&s;ion, and commends <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> his judgment, That all things have a common conflux and tran&s;piration. Do you think that the di&s;tribution of the Aliment is made only by wayes con&s;picuous. But there are many parts which have no con&s;picuous wayes to them. If any part be &s;tarved, it &s;natches what it can get, the Veins from the Arteries, and the&s;e from the Veins, by &s;weating through the pores of the Veins, there|fore the Guts may take from the Bladder, and it from them. When any part has a Humour fell in|to it, out of pain or weakne&s;s, does it not receive excrements from every hand? In a Loo&s;ne&s;s of the Guts is it &s;afe for the Bladder to abound with ex|crements, which cannot commodiou&s;ly be purged by their own way? I think not, for when this way is &s;topt, they might come violently upon the Guts. But if upon the&s;e occa&s;ions &s;omething may be tran&s;|fu&s;ed out of the Bladder into the Guts, why may not &s;omething far more ea&s;ily be drawn by the &s;trength of the Medicine, through the pores of the coats? <HI>Galen.</HI> 1. <HI>de fac. nat.</HI> &s;ayes, that if an earthen Ve&s;&s;el full of water be &s;et in a heap of Wheat, the Ve&s;&s;el will be drawn dry, and &s;o bulk and weight will be added to the Wheat, and this is done by the Wheat's drawing the moi&s;ture through the thick Ve&s;&s;el. And how much a more powerful attrac|tive vertue, in all probability, is there in Phy&s;ick, than in Wheat? And how much more convenient is the Coat of the Bladder for transfu&s;ion, than an earthen Ve&s;&s;el? Which if it have nothing el&s;e, it has wayes of drawing nutriment, which very &s;ame ways may &s;erve to draw a Medicine. Wherefore by what ways the Bladder receives nouri&s;hment, by the &s;ame it may remit the excrements wherewith it abounds. But the Bladder does not receive nouri&s;hment by the Ureters, which only carry <HI>Serum,</HI> but by Veins and Arteries. And if it be difficult to you, how the juice, that is extrava&s;ated in any cavity, &s;hould be re&s;umed into the Ve&s;&s;els; I &s;uppo&s;e it has not been your fortune as it was <HI>Galen</HI>'s, to cure the jaundice with once purging,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> or to evacuate the water be|tween the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> and the Guts, by &s;tool.</P>
<P N="2">II. From one that was ill of an Inflammation in his Bladder I immediately took 3 ounces of very foul Blood from his right foot. I bled him in the foot, both becau&s;e he had been let Blood in the Arm formerly for an Ague; and al&s;o becau&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> in &s;everal places orders Bleeding, for parts ill above the Kidneys in the Arms; for the parts below the Kidneys in the foot. You will ask, whether mu&s;t we always let Blood in the foot for parts below? I an&s;wer, that when the body is very plethorick and &s;trong, and in the bginning of an Inflammation, it is no ab&s;urdity to bleed in the Arm, and then pre&s;ently the &s;ame day in the foot: for although Bleeding in the Arm be a great revul&s;ive, yet becau&s;e it does it but &s;lowly, for it is far from the place affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiphanius Ferdinandus. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 19.</NOTE> therefore I advi&s;e to let Blood fir&s;t in the Arm and then the &s;ame day in the foot. &para; <HI>Riverius</HI> fir&s;t or|ders the Ba&s;ilic Vain to be opened twice, thrice, four times, or oftner, if there be &s;trength &s;ufficient, till the fluxion cea&s;e, which is known by the a|bating of the pain: this revul&s;ion being made, he will have the lower Veins opened al&s;o for deriva|tion. &para; <HI>Walaeus meth. med.</HI> 98. agrees with <HI>Ferdinan|dus.</HI> In what place, &s;aith he, mu&s;t we bleed for revul&s;ion &s;ake, whether near, or at a di&s;tance? My opinion is, when the part affected is above the
<PB N="636" REF="284"> Heart, it is convenient to bleed an upper Vein; but if the place be below the Heart, open a Vein below.</P>
<P N="3">III. In an Inflammation of the Bladder <HI>Altimarus</HI> and <HI>Mercatus,</HI> after Bleeding and Fomentations, if they be not &s;ufficient, order a Cupping-gla&s;s with Scarification to be applied to the region of the <HI>Pubes. Salius</HI> contradicts this, fearing le&s;t the Inflam|mation &s;hould be thereby exa&s;perated. But he need not fear it, other things as well univer&s;als as topicks being premi&s;ed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> For the matter being &s;oft|ned and prepared, is by this means dimini&s;hed by de|rivation.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In Ulcers of the Bladder injections mu&s;t not only be made by a Syringe, as is done common|ly; but a Cathaeter mu&s;t be put into the Bladder, and the Syringe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> mu&s;t be fitted, &s;o the Injection is carried to the part affected.</P>
<P N="5">V. Injections, to dry up Ulcers mu&s;t be made of driers with little a&s;triction: For things too a&s;trin|gent, &s;top the Urine, which cau&s;es much pain: Seing a &s;harp Urine, when it comes through a nar|row pa&s;&s;age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> cau&s;es more pain, than if it came through a larger.</P>
<P N="6">VI. An injection of a decoction of Comfrey roots is proper in this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e it heals, and has a certain Mucilage, which is nece&s;&s;ary to make the Medicine &s;tick, and mollifie the a&s;perity of the part; Hor&s;e-tail, Plantain, Ceterach may be added, for it dries much;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"></NOTE> St. <HI>Johns</HI> wort, e&s;pecially in the Stone with an Ulcer in the Bladder becau&s;e it breaks the Stone, and heals the Ulcer. Litharge powdered and boyled a good while, and &s;trained through a filtre is good. Things al&s;o may be ad|ded, which are reckoned to heal the Nerves, be|cau&s;e it is a part more Nervous than Carnous: Root of <HI>Narci&s;&s;us</HI> is good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> becau&s;e of its Mucilage. Tro|chices mu&s;t be finely ground, as for Collyries.</P>
<P N="7">VII. A Woman, who was troubled with a foul and &s;harp Ulcer in her Bladder, when <HI>Cyprus</HI> Turpen|tine, <HI>lignum nephriticum,</HI> Steel, and other drying and clean&s;ing things would do no good, betook her &s;elf to the Spaw-waters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> by continual taking of which, &s;heover came the deplorable Ulcer.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. I much que&s;tion, whether there be any hope of curing an Ulcer in the Kidneys: I do not remember that either I or any body el&s;e ever cu|red one. Yet &s;omething may be u&s;ed to give ea&s;e and keep it from growing wor&s;e: for which pur|po&s;e I find nothing better than Bal&s;ame of Sulphur, as well <HI>ani&s;atus,</HI> as <HI>&s;uccinatus, juniperinus,</HI> and <HI>terebinthina|tus;</HI> by which, although their &s;trength be much wa&s;ted, before they come to the Kidneys, yet the Breeding of much <HI>pus</HI> is hindred, and the encrea&s;e of the Ulcer is &s;topt. The &s;ame may be &s;aid in the Ulcer of the Bladder, in which ca&s;e <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphu|ris an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;atus</HI> does Wonders:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">.</NOTE> And there is more hope here, becau&s;e it may immediately be injected into the Bladder.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. When the Inflammation is laid, if it be exul|cerated or there be Pu&s;tules, it may be clean&s;ed with half a pound of <HI>Hydromel,</HI> with 2 ounces of juice of Smallage with 1 drachm of Myrrhe pow|dered:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> for this is an excellent clean&s;ing Medi|cine.</P>
<P N="2">2. A decoction of Strawberry leaves drunk, will ea&s;e the mo&s;t violent pain of an Ulcer in the Blad+der.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dornerellius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Terra &s;igillata</HI> or Bole Armenick taken in Milk of Almonds or their Oyl, or in A&s;&s;es or Goats milk, is a peculiar Remedy: for it purges the Poy&s;on, and dries the part, and the Ulcer without pain, and &s;tops blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nic. Pi&s;o.</NOTE> if the Ulcer come from <HI>Can|tharides.</HI></P>
<P N="4">4. Liquori&s;h taken any way is wonderful good in Ulcers or Excoriations of the Bladder; for it clean&s;es, dries moderately, heals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Solenander.</NOTE> and tempers the Acrimony of the Humours.</P>
<P N="5">5. Take of the Seeds of <HI>Alkekengi</HI> 3 drachms, &s;eeds of Citron, Cucumber, Gourd each 3 drachms and an half, bole Armenick, Frankincen&s;e, Dragons Blood, white Poppy &s;eeds, bitter Almonds, juice of Liquori&s;h, bark of the Frankincen&s;e Tree each equal parts finely powdered: let them be mixt a long time with the white of an Egg in a leaden Mortar with a leaden Pe&s;til,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE> let it be injected with a Syringe.</P>
<P N="6">6. Two &s;cruples or 1 drachm of Trochices of <HI>Al|kekengi</HI> in Endive water heal Ulcers in the Kidneys and Bladder admirably.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Chr. &agrave; Vega.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. For a &s;cab in the Bladder; The drinking and injection into the Bla<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">der, of Whey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercurialii.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if Ma&s;tich tree, Scabious, Pomegranate Peel, or Plan|tain, have been infu&s;ed or boyled therein.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ulcera,</HI> or &V;lcers.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bathes not alwayes proper for inveterate &V;lcers. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lapis Medicamento&s;us Crollii</HI> not alwayes &s;afe. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alume water hurtful in cancrous ones. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not cured, as long as the Blood is impure. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to cure tho&s;e that are difficult of cure. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Dy&s;epuloticks cured by means of Fire. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they ari&s;e of them&s;elves, and are the cure of &s;ome other Di&s;ea&s;e, they mu&s;t not be healed up. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For cure, the bilious Sulphur mu&s;t be checkt. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of them depends upon the correction of acid <HI>Pus. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The healing up of &s;ome is difficult, becau&s;e of the thinne&s;s of the adjacent skin. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes they are full of Worms. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the Glands be di&s;affected, they are difficultly cured. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why difficult in the Glands. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of an eating one. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of an cancrous one. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of inveterate ones by cutting out the Veins in the Legs. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of putrid ones by cutting out. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Occult ones, or &s;uch as do not &s;hew them&s;elves outwardly, mu&s;t be cut out. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Chronical ones I&s;&s;ues are very available. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How hard and callous Lips mu&s;t be cured. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A dry intemperature is &s;ometimes an Impediment to the Cure. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An &V;lcer that revives often, gives &s;u&s;picion of the Bone being corrupted. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An &V;lcer with a great <HI>caries</HI> of the Bone, can only be cured by Chirurgery. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes only curable by burning. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a malignant &V;lcer, with <HI>Varices. XXV, XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>caries</HI> of the Bone is often an hindrance to the cure. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch Sarcoticks ought to be? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What mu&s;t be wa&s;hed with water? <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An &V;lcer cured by fluxing with <HI>Mercury. XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one with a dry Intemperature. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of one with Pain. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of one with Fluxion. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of one with an <HI>Hyper&s;arco&s;is. XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of one with <HI>Caries</HI> in the Bones. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Sinuous one. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Ceru&s;s of Antimony for the cure of pertinacious ones inward and outward. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Vomit is good? <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="637" REF="284">
<ITEM>The Cure of a <HI>Sinus</HI> with two holes. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An &V;lcer in the Jaw cured by an internal Medicine. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One in the Chin cured by pulling out a Tooth. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An old one in the Leg cured by drinking medical waters. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of &V;lcers in the Feet. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure mu&s;t not be ha&s;ty. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An inveterate &V;lcer in the Toe cured by cutting out the Nail. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;tiffne&s;s of the joynt incurable after an <HI>ichor</HI> and <HI>melice|ria. XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&V;lcerous Per&s;ons mu&s;t u&s;e a &s;pare Diet. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How &s;uch may be found out, as have offended in their Diet? <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether much Meat, but not moi&s;t may be given? <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine may be allowed? <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Fle&s;h and Eggs be proper? <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cooling Broths are improper. <HI>LII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SInce for the mo&s;t part Bathes con&s;i&s;t of Sulphur, Alume, Vitriol, Iron, Copper and other Me|tals, which clean&s;e and dry extreamly, and there|fore are u&s;ed with &s;ucce&s;s in Ulcers, Itch, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> at la&s;t they are abu&s;ed, &s;o that they are u&s;ually the extream refuge in de&s;perate ca&s;es: But it often &s;o happens, that when di&s;ea&s;ed Per&s;ons are &s;ent hi|ther without any regard had to the Patient or his Di&s;ea&s;e, their end is ha&s;tened. I have &s;een it &s;e|veral times, e&s;pecially in a Matron of &s;eventy, who had been &s;everal years ill of a painful and contuma|cious Ulcer, with a peri&s;hing of the Bone, about the juncture of her left Foot; wherefore &s;he went to <HI>Neuhau&s;en</HI> Bathes near <HI>Berne,</HI> and found benefit; for her pain a&s;&s;waged, and the Ulcer healed up. Yet not long after &s;he grew ill again, and her Ul|cer broke a new: The next year &s;he u&s;ed them a|gain; but then &s;he was, taken with a dangerous Fever, wherefore I advi&s;ed her for the future to ab&s;tain from the Bathes, but to no purpo&s;e; for &s;he went again to the Bathes at <HI>Blumen&s;tein,</HI> which &s;he had no &s;ooner entred, but &s;he was &s;o weak, that &s;he &s;carce could recover it, Do you ask the Rea|&s;on? The putrid matter, that is in the mu&s;culous parts about the Ulcer or in the Bone, growes hot with the heat of the Bathe, becomes &s;harp, acquires a Malignity, and makes the Ulcer more painful. Wherefore Humours flow continually from the whole to the part affected, and with the re&s;t of the fore&s;aid Humours, inclo&s;ed in the part, do corrupt. Be&s;ides, the matter grows hot in the Ve&s;&s;els, which the heat of the Bathe, turns into Vapors, which go to the Liver, Heart, and Brain, whence proceeds an Infection of all the Spirits,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 90.</NOTE> and other grievous Symptomes.</P>
<P N="2">II. Beware, that you do not take all that <HI>Crollius</HI> has told of his <HI>Lapis Medicamento&s;us</HI> for oracle, For &s;ometimes a Theori&s;t writes many things with a feather of <HI>Icarus,</HI> and extols them to the Sky, which when they touch the Sun of experience, melt and turn to nothing. If you examine the ingredients of this Stone, you will find it hot and dry, with great acrimony: Nor can I &s;ee, how it &s;hould po&s;|&s;e&s;s tho&s;e innumerable virtues, <HI>Crollius</HI> a&s;cribes to it, and how it can be applied in &s;o many Di&s;ea&s;es without damage. He writes, that it cures all Ul|cers in the exterior parts quickly: But have a care, you do not try it in Ulcers of the Nervous parts, that are full of pain and Inflammation, e&s;pecially in delicate, bilious and cacochymick Bodies: for it immediately cau&s;es pain, inflammation, watching, di&s;quiet, and other Symptomes. I &s;aw this former|ly in a young Man, who I remember upon the ap|plication of it, after a violent pain fell into a Swoon. Have a care al&s;o, that you do not apply it in cancers or cancrous Ulcers of any part;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Ob&s;. <HI>91.</HI></NOTE> for you will immediately find the a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l grow wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. Aluminous water al&s;o is &s;u&s;pected in cancrous Ulcers. <HI>M. N.</HI> was ill of an Ulcer at the root of his Tongue, of a cancrous nature: It was exa&s;pera|ted by the application of the &s;aid water pre&s;cribed by a Phy&s;ician. Wherefore I per&s;waded him to wa&s;h his Mouth with water of Frogs, Craw-fi&s;h and Plantain with Honey of Ro&s;es, and to &s;trow powder of Frogs and Craw-fi&s;h burnt upon the Ulcer:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> after this the Malignity of the Ulcer aba|ted quickly, to the admiration of them all.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Ulcers, &s;eeing they have cacochymie, and faults in the Humours for their cau&s;es, do al&s;o re|quire purging; therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;eeing, and well con&s;idering the nece&s;&s;ity of it in this ca&s;e, mentions it <HI>lib. de &V;lcer.</HI> which he u&s;es not to do in other &s;uch ca&s;es. We have two &s;orts of purges in Ulcers, and other external Ails, the one Catho|lick, drawing from the whole Body, which we &s;el|dome u&s;e; the other contrary to this, which draws neither from the whole Body, nor all Humours. Each of them mu&s;t be u&s;ed with great care always. The former indeed is more &s;imple, becau&s;e of more frequent u&s;e: the latter more compound, becau&s;e it is given for compound di&s;ea&s;es. This is commonly threefold, Purging of Phlegm, Choler, or Melancholy. But we propound another, both ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary and e&s;pecially for our purpo&s;e, which is properly the purging of the Blood by its repeated u&s;e. This is not only omitted, but &s;eems not &s;o much as to be known by its name. The Blood has 4 <HI>Hypo&s;ta&s;es,</HI> of different natures that is, bile, phlegm, and melancholy; and Blood, in all mens judgment, is the legitimate Humour, the fourth &s;ub&s;tance of the ma&s;s, the pure&s;t part of the nutrient Humours: Now every one of the&s;e di|&s;tinctly taken has its peculiar <HI>Ichores,</HI> that is, moi&s;t &s;uperfluities depending on them. When <HI>Ichores</HI> and Humours may corrupt and putrefy contrary to Na|ture's law, both joyntly and &s;everally; of which there is a numerous conjugation. Therefore either all the Blood and Ichors and Humours are in fault (as in the &s;mall Pox and Lepro&s;y) and with &s;ome of the&s;e, as in le&s;&s;er Cacochymies: Or all the Blood is polluted, ab&s;olutely, as much as it can be, as in the &s;mall-Pox and Mea&s;les. Although we ought to re&s;tore and correct all the&s;e Modes, of putrid Blood with Phy&s;ick: yet this Mode of Corruption e&s;pecially comes under our con&s;ideration which is not in a total and perfect corruption. Blood there|fore receeds from its nature two ways, either the mo&s;t part of it or but a little. But the farther the re|ce&s;s is, the greater indu&s;try and &s;tronger Medi|cines are required: And the mea&s;ure of the Pu|trefaction can be no way better known than by ob&s;ervation of the Blood, as it is drawn out of the Veins: Or, if we cannot do that, from the di&s;colou|ring, e&s;pecially of the Eyes, Lips, Gums, Teeth, Hair, Nails, al&s;o from their &s;trength e&s;pecially compared with their feeding or fa&s;ting, from the quality of the excrements, and other affections ap|pearing in the body. When you have &s;earched out the&s;e things, then you mu&s;t proceed to make up proper Medicines, which may purge the Blood &s;everal wayes, by ab&s;ter&s;ing, opening ob|&s;tructions, ventilating, provoking Sweat and Urine, by giving a &s;tool, by attenuating and qualifiing their &s;econd or third qualities. But among all things they are chief, which act by peculiar pro|perty. Among purgers, the chief is Hellebore, either black or white, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> therefore u&s;ed &s;o much, becau&s;e he knew it had a &s;ingular faculty, to purge the Blood: Nor need we be &s;o abhorrent from this Medicine, nor be &s;o fearfull, becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;es wherein they are u&s;ed are more frightfull, and proceed from black Choler: wherefore <HI>Galen lib. de atra bile</HI> writes, That in Di|&s;ea&s;es proceeding from a melancholick Humour, you mu&s;t at the very fir&s;t &s;top the growth of it by Melanagogues. As for the &s;afe preparation of it, &s;ee <HI>Salius l. de Aff. part. cap.</HI> 19. and others. Al&s;o Sen|na, Coloquintida and Turpeth are &s;trong; weaker
<PB N="638" REF="285"> than the&s;e are dodder of Time, root of Fern, Fumitory, Hops, Agrimony, Cichory, Ground pine, Speedwell, Strawberry leaves, Maiden-hair, <HI>A&s;paragus,</HI> Par&s;ley, which according to <HI>Montuus,</HI> Purges the Blood by U|rine. Among Compounds Treacle is the chief, which by rea&s;on of the Viper, it has in it, has the divine faculty of Purging the blood and humors, Trochi&s;es and Salts of Vipers; and infinite things out of <HI>Hermes</HI> his Elaboratory. To which you may reckon preparations of Antimony, who&s;e vertue, as it is admirable in &s;eparating all Metals, &s;o its faculty is ob&s;erved to be the &s;ame in Purging all corrupt humors, as <HI>Quercetan</HI> has ob&s;erved. Among other cathartick forms of it, <HI>Platerus</HI> in &s;everal places of his <HI>Praxis</HI> commends the calcination of it: He tells of a certain Empirick, who for breakings out of &s;alt Humors, filthy Itches, and tedious and perti|nacious Di&s;ea&s;es; mixt calcined <HI>Stibium</HI> in a Decocti|on of <HI>Sar&s;a parilla,</HI> and did admirable things.</P>
<P N="5"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE>V. The edges of Ulcers, difficult to cure, mu&s;t be taken greater care of, than the middle; for the fault always comes from the upper and higher Parts, and there al&s;o it begins fir&s;t to heal: Which edges, if they be exa&s;perated, and cut out (according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his rule <HI>l. de loc.</HI> We mu&s;t fir&s;t make old Di&s;ea&s;es new) it is con&s;entaneous to rea&s;on, that the &s;ore abate forthwith, when the virulent and bad blood, which fed and made the &s;ore wor&s;e, is gone. And it has in very deed been found, that it abates ju&s;t as Plants, when the moi&s;ture is withdrawn, do wither. And &s;o they that have Ulcers, and are daily under my Cure, do confe&s;s to me, that they find, they are ea&s;ed of their old pain, and are bravely relieved.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>VI. Simple Dy&s;epulotick Ulcers (that is, &s;uch as are difficult to heal up) if when you have tried all Medicines, (if the Ulcers come not from a Rheum) you can do no good, they mu&s;t be con|quered by fire. This is my invention, by Spirit of Wine, which in tenuity of &s;ub&s;tance, and aptne&s;s to take fire is mo&s;t proper; a Linen, Tow, or Coton, dipt in this, and &s;et on fire as far as the Ulcer goes, will quickly turn and draw out the mi&s;chief by its gentle motion; If once be not enough, you may do it three or four times, or as often as you plea&s;e. If you have any delicate Per&s;on under Cure, you may put a linen cloth underneath, &s;pread with killed <HI>Mercury,</HI> the <HI>Mercury</HI> &s;ide to the Ulcer, &s;o as to touch it, and having ap|plied this, lay on another and give fire to it: It is certain, that tho&s;e who have great &s;ores, will bear this often, and with patience. Sometimes I have filled pipes of bra&s;s or reed with hot Em|bers, and rowled them athwart the ulcerous Parts; and &s;o I have burnt and cured tho&s;e &s;ores, which would not give way to any of the &s;tronge&s;t Medi|cines. In the &s;ame manner al&s;o you may treat all intemperate Ulcers and &s;uch as run a thin <HI>Ichor</HI> and &s;harp <HI>Sanies.</HI> But there is no need of fire for &s;uch as are dry and &s;qualid. One who had been laid up ten Years of &s;uch an Ulcer, was burnt by me fir&s;t with an Iron unknown,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;ometimes with hot water, and was cured in 40 Dayes. &para; <HI>M.N.</HI> had a carcinomatous Ulcer athwart his Tongue obliquely, which much afflicted him on the upper part of it; I applied a Silver &s;poon heated in the Fire to it, upon which he was free of his pain, and could &s;peak freely, as though he had been cut for the Tongue-<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y, which before he could not do. Wherefore having found out this Remedy, I in|ven<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed a particular In&s;trument to heat the Tongue conveniently. And all the help, that accrews to Ulcers, which would otherwi&s;e eat through or off the Parts, is becau&s;e nothing comes nearer, to the innate heat, which governs the Aeconomy of the Body, than this external heat. <HI>Aph.</HI> 5.22. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o te&s;tifies there, that it is good for Di&s;ea&s;es co|ming of hot Cau&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> that is, for eating <HI>herpetes,</HI> which proceed from a bilious and hot Humor.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Sometimes a Spontaneous Ulcer ari&s;es in the empty &s;paces between the Mu&s;cles, and in the cavities of the other Parts, which has cured &s;ome other more grievous Di&s;ea&s;e in the Body. There|fore an outlet mu&s;t be left there for &s;ome time. I indeed advi&s;e you to it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> becau&s;e I have often found it a thing conducible; and rea&s;on per&s;wades the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. A man of &s;ixty, a great drinker, who&s;e Face was all Sauce-phlemed, had a Pu&s;tule aro&s;e in the upper part of his Chin, covered with a thick Scab, at fir&s;t about the bigne&s;s of a large Pea, increa|&s;ing more and more every day, and &s;preading to the middle of his Chin, very painful, ouzing out in &s;everal places at little Pores, a very &s;harp bi|lious Ichor. Becau&s;e of the great &s;tore of cacochy|my in this intemperate Man, and the &s;pongine&s;s of the part affected, &s;ome feared, le&s;t in tract of time it &s;hould turn to a cancrous Ulcer. The &s;u&s;pici|on encrea&s;ed, becau&s;e, when it was anointed with a Bal&s;ame, that had done much good in others it grew wor&s;e in a moment. The cau&s;e whereof I thought might be, for that all the Ingredients of the Bal&s;ame applied, were &s;ulphureous, and &s;o fur|ther exa&s;perated the enraged, bilious, &s;harp Ichor. Wherefore I thought of checking it with Acids, and not without &s;ucce&s;s: For <HI>Sal prunellae</HI> being di&s;|&s;olved in the white of an Egg, and linen clothes dipt therein, and applied often in the day, the Pu&s;tule in five days time vani&s;hed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thiermair. <HI>Con&s;.</HI> 9. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> leaving no Scar behind it.</P>
<P N="9">IX. I have often with admiration con&s;idered the incredible effect of <HI>Bal&s;amus &s;ulphuris ani&s;atus, terebinthi|natus, &amp;c.</HI> in the clean&s;ing and healing of Ulcers, if a little of it be dropt into the Ulcer, for the gene|ration of new <HI>pus</HI> is pre&s;ently &s;o abated, that of|tentimes by the help of this Bal&s;ame alone they have been cured in a few days, in the Brea&s;ts, and in other parts, after inflammations and notable impo&s;thumes. From this experiment I reckon|ed, that the clean&s;ing and healing of Ulcers, which follow Impo&s;thumes, con&s;i&s;ts in the correction of the Acid and Corroding <HI>Pus,</HI> which &s;ticks to the Ul|cerated part, and corrupts and turns into new <HI>pus,</HI> in &s;ome mea&s;ure at lea&s;t, the Blood de&s;igned to nouri&s;h that Part: And that the <HI>Pus</HI> is corrected by the Bal&s;ame of Sulphur, e&s;pecially upon account of the aromatick Oyl, which abounds with an oyly volatil Salt, whereby the acid Spirit that a|bounds in the <HI>Pus,</HI> and corrupts the blood every day into <HI>Pus,</HI> is not only made dull, but &s;o &s;weet|ned and amended, that the affluent blood quickly repairs the Parts formerly con&s;umed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and per|fectly heals them up.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Medico-Chirurgeon had a Matron under Cure, who had contracted a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> in her Leg af|ter an Impo&s;thume, which he had had &s;ix Months under Cure. At length when <HI>M. J. Griffonius</HI> had &s;earched it with a Probe, and knew the only cau&s;e which hindred the healing of it up, was the thin|ne&s;s of the Skin, covering the Ulcer, he quickly put her in heart. Therefore, when her Body was Purged and prepared, he ero|ded the thin Skin with a cau&s;tick, and of a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> made an oblong Ulcer; after the fall of the Eschar, and the Ulcer was clean&s;ed with oyntment of juice of Smallage, in three Weeks or a Months time he &s;uc|ce&s;sfully cured it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus <HI>cent.</HI> 5. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 79.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. I have more than once &s;een upon the Pla|&s;ters of fi&s;tulous Ulcers, little Animals, like waxen Mites, whereof not only the figure but the mo|tion might be &s;een: Thus we are held of many Di&s;ea&s;es, which come from invi&s;ible Animals, &s;uch as are tho&s;e called <HI>Cyrones,</HI> the Itch, Ring-worm, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as may be perceived by Micro&s;copes. But to cure Di&s;ea&s;es coming from Animals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE> which always are attended with an Itch, Aloes and Mercury mixt with Butter mu&s;t be u&s;ed. &para; The Famous Dr. <HI>de Mayerne</HI> ob&s;erved in the cancrous B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ea&s;t of a Woman, that was cut, thou&s;ands of Worms, Thence perhaps it
<PB N="639" REF="285"> is, That the progre&s;s of the corro&s;ion in a Cancer is &s;topt by applying the fle&s;h of a Chicken, to which the&s;e Animals &s;tick, leaving that which is wor&s;e and not &s;o &s;weet.</P>
<P N="12">XII. When the coat, that covers the Glands, is either corroded or cut, the skin cannot be healed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> till the Gland and Skin with all be con&s;u|med with the Ulcer.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. If eating Medicines cure not the Ulcers in the Glands in a few Weeks time, we mu&s;t know, that there is no hope remaining of a good Cure, becau&s;e of the continual afflux of humors. And this is the rea&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> why we are often forced to cut them out.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. In the cure of an eating and Malignant Ulcer we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, 1. That Medicines mu&s;t be changed every 3 or 4 days, for Nature u&s;es to refu&s;e the be&s;t things, if they be often applied. 2. You mu&s;t not open it above once or twice a day at mo&s;t, unle&s;s the matter be too &s;harp, for otherwi&s;e, the Medicines will not &s;ufficiently perform their operation. 3. Repellent and Mercurial Medicines mu&s;t not be u&s;ed in this ca&s;e, unle&s;s you keep the body continually Purging. 4. The&s;e Sores can &s;el|dom be cured perfectly, without taking Purges, and drying decoctions of <HI>China,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> <HI>Guaiacum</HI> and the like.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A Woman of &s;ixty had an Ulcer in her leg as broad as the Palm of ones hand, livid and foul, having hard fle&s;h, deprived of all &s;en&s;e, &s;o that it might be cut without pain, which pro|ceeded from an Atrabilarious humour, burning the &s;ub&s;tance of the Part. Having put her in a cooling and moi&s;tning cour&s;e of Diet for &s;everal days, &s;he took once a Week a loo&s;ning Pti&s;an, &s;he had a Semicupe to correct the Intemperature of her Bowels. Red <HI>Mercury</HI> Prceipitate was applyed to the Part, to eat away the dead fle&s;h, and having made a pretty deep e&s;char, <HI>Empla&s;trum Sticticum Crollii</HI> was applied to the Ulcer; by the benefit whereof in a Month it was filled with Fle&s;h, and brought to a Cicatrice.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius, <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 21<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. It often happens, that when much humors run to the Gout, the Veins in the Legs are di&s;|tended, not without redne&s;s and &s;welling all about. <HI>Platerus pr. med. p.</HI> 717. approves of cutting them out, in the &s;ame manner as is mo&s;t u&s;ual in <HI>varices:</HI> For by the &s;ame means it may come to pa&s;s, that when much blood is intercepted, which u&s;ed to run to the Part, it cea&s;es; Only this is required, that the Veins appear high, becau&s;e of the quanti|ty of Humors, and not lie hid and ob&s;cure, &s;o as the Fle&s;h mu&s;t be cut out with them. And know, Reader, That this cutting out of the Veins has ever been found by me, to be good for dry|ing up and putting an end to old &s;preding Ulcers; Only have a care that a gathering and &s;welling do not ri&s;e, therefore the end of the lower Ve&s;&s;el mu&s;t fir&s;t be well &s;queezed out, and then it mu&s;t be treated with driers and &s;uch things as &s;trengthen the nature of the Part. And it will not be ami&s;s to u&s;e re&s;tringents,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> till the humor leave off flow|ing thither.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Cutting out is due to putrid Ulcers, as a thing nece&s;&s;ary above all things, that the &s;ore may not &s;pread infinitely. For as the rottenne&s;s in an Apple, if as &s;oon as it is known, it be care|fully cut away, goes no farther, but if it be let alone, it rots all: So an Ulcer, if what is putrified be cut away, it heals and is at an end; but if that remain,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it eats and di&s;&s;olves whatever is whole.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Some Ulcers, though they do not ap|pear &s;uch outwardly, neverthele&s;s you may know them. 1. In that they have changed their natural colour into a very &s;trange one, they are general|ly black or livid. 2. They have a great number of Pu&s;tules upon them like Caruncles, with little holes in them, and you cannot tell whether to call them Tumors or Ulcers. 3. Many and the mo&s;t efficacious Medicines do no good. 4. There is a certain pricking pain here and there in them, and the effect &s;hews the &s;ore to be abundantly wor&s;e, than it any way appears to be. I remember I once cured &s;uch an Ulcer, which I could never have conquered with the be&s;t Medicines, had I not cut it out. When it was opened, putrid and pallid Caruncles appeared,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the skin lying fal&s;e upon them.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. A Girl above five years old had white, hard &s;wellings prominent up and down the Body: They continued for a month or two: Divers Me|dicines are made u&s;e of, by which at length they are &s;oftned, and turn into Impo&s;thumes, fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> curing of which &s;everal Medicines were u&s;ed, but in vain; for the Ulcers not only grew greater, but increa&s;ed in number. A Phy&s;ician being called, fir&s;t Purged her, and then gave her a decoction of the Woods for above two Months: Proper externals were al|&s;o applied, whereby it was effected that one or or two of the Impo&s;thumes promi&s;ed a Cure, yet a new &s;welling aro&s;e &s;omewhere el&s;e, which tur|ned al&s;o into an Ulcer. This Cure was &s;o long continued, till the Eyes fir&s;t &s;welled and ran, and then, and afterwards threatned blindne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hagend<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rni|u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>mi&s;c. cur. an</HI> 1672. <HI>Ob&s;,</HI> 18.</NOTE> When the Eyes were cured, the Ulcers, that before were healed, opened again; and when the Ulcers were healed, the Eyes began to be ill. At length they left off all Phy&s;ick; and the making of an I&s;&s;ue in the left Shoulder, did &s;o much good in proce&s;s of time, that the Maid recovered perfectly of her Ulcers and &s;ore Eyes, the I&s;&s;ue running &s;tore of &s;erous humors.</P>
<P N="20">XX. If the lips of the Ulcer be hard and callous, and the hardne&s;s will not give way to emollient and di&s;cutient Medicines, <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 2. Shows in what manner &s;uch an Ulcer mu&s;t be cured; <HI>When only the lips of an &V;lcer are di&s;coloured and over hard, they mu&s;t be cut away as far as the hard fle&s;h goes; But when &s;uch a &s;ore is gone far, the que&s;tion is, whether all that appears preternatural mu&s;t be cut off, or time mu&s;t be allowed to cure it. Without doubt the Patients plea&s;ure mu&s;t be followed in this; for &s;ome had rather have the &s;ore a long time in curing, than be cut; others are ready to undergo any thing, &s;o they may but be quickly cured.</HI> For &s;uch Ulcers are the &s;oone&s;t, yea the &s;afe&s;t cured, if the hard and livid fle&s;h be cut out with a convenient In&s;trument, to the &s;ound; for the Pain is both &s;horter, and no ill quality is communicated to the Part, as there is by ero|ding Medicines, the green Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ertus.</NOTE> Oyl of Vi|triol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="21">XXI. If a dry intemperate be joyned with an Ulcer, the cure of the Ulcer may in a manner be neglected for &s;ome time, and the Intemperature mu&s;t be oppo&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> till the Part be re&s;tored to its na|tural temper.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. When an Ulcer, is often renewed, it always gives &s;u&s;picion of the bones being corrup|ted, as both <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Paul</HI> &s;ay. We may often ob&s;erve this in rottenne&s;s of the Teeth, out of which corruption ouzes out by the holes of the Bone in the Jaw, and rai&s;es an Ulcer outwardly in the Jaw, which though it be healed, yet after a little time the Cicatrice breaks again. Therefore, if &s;uch an Ulcer appear in the Jaw and be often re|newed, the Teeth mu&s;t be looked into, and if any one be rotten, it mu&s;t be drawn. For the Ulcer will not heal perfectly, before the Tooth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which occa&s;ion'd it, be drawn.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In &s;uch an Ulcer with <HI>caries</HI> (or rotten|ne&s;s) in the Bone, if the Corruption be &s;o great, that it cannnot all be removed by Medicines, there is need of Surgery, and the corrupted Bone mu&s;t be taken away either by Abra&s;ion or Burning. And two In&s;truments are here requi&s;ite for Abra&s;ion, the <HI>Scalprum</HI> (or Scraper) and the <HI>Terebra</HI> (the Trepan or Wimble) the <HI>Scalprum</HI> is of u&s;e, where the Bone is not corrupted deep; but the <HI>Terebra</HI>
<PB N="640" REF="286"> mu&s;t be u&s;ed, if the rottenne&s;s penetrate deep. Concerning Abra&s;ion <HI>Cel&s;us lib.</HI> 18. <HI>c.</HI> 2. writes, <Q>He that &s;crapes the&s;e, mu&s;t &s;et his In&s;trument on boldly, that he may do &s;omething, and that quickly. He mu&s;t give over when he comes to the white or &s;olid bone: It is plain, that the blackne&s;s is gone, when the white appears, and the <HI>caries</HI> is gone, when a Man comes to the firm Bone. And &s;ome Blood comes, as is &s;aid before. But when it goes deep, the ca&s;e is doubtful. In a <HI>caries</HI> indeed, the knowledge is ea&s;ie: A &s;mall probe is put into the hole, which as it enters more or le&s;s, &s;hows either that the <HI>caries</HI> is deep or &s;hallow. Blackne&s;s al&s;o may be gathered from the pain and Fever; which when they are moderate, it cannot be deep, yet it is more manife&s;t by the trepan: for there it ends, where the du&s;t cea&s;es to be black. Therefore if the <HI>caries</HI> go deep, holes mu&s;t be bored thick and as deep as the Bone is foul, then red hot Irons mu&s;t be run into tho&s;e holes, till the Bone be perfect|ly dry. For after the&s;e things, all that is foul of the Bone underneath will be wa&s;ted, and the <HI>Sinus</HI> will be filled with fle&s;h, and either no Hu|mour will come at all afterwards, or but very moderate. But if there be blackne&s;s on one &s;ide, and the <HI>caries</HI> run to the other, it mu&s;t be cut out, for all that is foul mu&s;t be taken away. If it be &s;ound underneath, it mu&s;t be taken away as far as it is corrupt. And whether the Bone be the Skull, the Bone of the Brea&s;t, or a Rib, when it is corrupt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it is u&s;ele&s;s, and there is a nece&s;&s;ity to cut it out.</Q></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. From which it appears, the Antients af|ter &s;craping of the Bone, al&s;o burn it; becau&s;e burning is a mo&s;t pre&s;ent Remedy to con&s;ume ex|crementitious humidity. But we mu&s;t have a care, that in applying the Cautery, the adjoyning Fle&s;h be not al&s;o burnt. Therefore the Cauteries mu&s;t be applied through Iron pipes, by which the fle&s;h may be defended; &s;everal of which mu&s;t be in rea|dine&s;s, that when one is grown hot, another cold one may be u&s;ed: Or, if you will u&s;e but one, when it is hot, put it in cold water. What moi|&s;ture &s;oever ouzes out at the Bone, mu&s;t be wiped with a &s;ponge or a cloth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> le&s;t it corrupt the ad|joyning parts.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. A Man of Forty had a Malignant and in|veterate Ulcer in his left Leg, with a <HI>Varix</HI> of a va&s;t bigne&s;s, for it was almo&s;t as thick as my Arm at the Wri&s;t, and near a &s;pan long: and it began almo&s;t in the Ham, and went down towards <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he Foot, and took a compa&s;s and made two circum|volutions. But, which is remarkable, as &s;oon as he lifted his Leg up on high, the Blood went away pre&s;ently, but as &s;oon as ever he &s;et it to the ground again, it was as big in a moment, and in a word, the Blood ran backwards and forwards, &s;ometimes one way, &s;ometimes another, ju&s;t as if it had been in a pipe. Moreover, becau&s;e varicous Ulcers can never be healed, till the <HI>varices</HI> be cut out, I thus went about the cure; Having put him in a good cour&s;e of diet, and purged his Body &s;e|veral times, and bled him in the Arm on the &s;ame &s;ide, I laid him on a Bench, and in the Ham &s;epara|ted the Skin gently from the Vein, and then with a double thread and a crooked Needle I encompa&s;|&s;ed the <HI>Varix;</HI> and at the lower end of the <HI>Varix</HI> I went the &s;ame way to work: But before I tied the thread, and made a knot, I ordered him to &s;et his Leg to the ground, to the end that the Blood might, as it u&s;ed, come down: for I was afraid, that Blood might do &s;ome harm: Then I tied the thread &s;trait at the upper end of the <HI>Varix,</HI> and made a knot; and afterwards at the lower end. Which being done, I opened the <HI>Varix</HI> near the up|per knot, that the Blood contained in the <HI>Varix</HI> might come out: But when more Blood came out, than the <HI>Varix</HI> could contain, and I looked narrow|ly on the place, I found a blind duct which entred the <HI>Varix</HI> near the lower ligature; Becau&s;e it could not be tied with a thread, I applied a little e&s;cha|rotick unguent to the Mouth of it, and afterwards our powder to &s;top Blood, with the white of an Egg, and then bound all with a fillet dipt in oxy|crate, and left it till the next day. Afterwards I cured the wounds as other wounds. In the mean time I omitted nothing about the Ulcer, that &s;eem|ed nece&s;&s;ary, and I purged his Body now and then.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 85.</NOTE> So by God's ble&s;&s;ing he recovered, and is hitherto well.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. I mu&s;t not pa&s;s this over in &s;ilence, when Melancholy, like Lees in Wine, &s;ettles in the bot|tom of the Ve&s;&s;els, and by rea&s;on of its gro&s;ne&s;s re&s;i&s;ts Medicines in purging of the Humours, <HI>Galen</HI> prudently begins with bleeding in the cure of a Canker, Lepro&s;ie, and malignant Ulcers. Therefore <HI>lib. de medicamentor. comp.</HI> &khgr;. &tgr;. he glories, that he be|gan the cure of a malignant Ulcer in the Leg, en|compa&s;&s;ed with <HI>varices</HI> full of black Choler, with Phlebotomy, afterwards he purged Melancholy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius, <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 17. <HI>l.</HI> 1.</NOTE> then he cut the <HI>Varices</HI> a cro&s;s, and &s;o he happily cured the Ulcer, which others could not cure.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. In curing of Ulcers nothing creates a Sur|geon greater trouble than a <HI>Caries</HI> in the Bone; e|&s;pecially if it be deep, becau&s;e of the Humour in the Bone. For the drying up of this Humour, and falling of the Bone nothing is better than an actual Cautery. Next to this <HI>Euphorbium</HI> has the &s;econd place, which becau&s;e it is &s;harp and hot in the fourth degree dries up the Humours in the Bone, and be&s;ides &s;eems proper for it by an occult quali|ty. But <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and <HI>Avicenna</HI> advi&s;e, that, if any do u&s;e <HI>Euphorbium,</HI> he guard the fle&s;h near the Bone with Liniments, becau&s;e of its extreme &s;harpne&s;s, le&s;t by touching the fle&s;h, it rai&s;e an Inflammati|on. Therefore it was a good while, ere I dur&s;t u&s;e it, for fear of Inflammation or pain; yet by de|grees experience taught me, that though it bite the Tongue and No&s;e extreamly, yet in Ulcers, though it be &s;trewed on plentifully, it cau&s;es no Inflammation or pain. Therefore I u&s;e it with good &s;ucce&s;s for carious bones, bare of fle&s;h, even when the Lips of the Ulcer are dimini&s;hed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> &s;trow|ing &s;ome on them every or every other day, even in Children.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. If Sarcoticks weaker than they &s;hould be, be made u&s;e of, great &s;tore of <HI>Sanies</HI> is gathered in the Ulcer, and &s;oft and flaccid fle&s;h is bred: And if over &s;trong and drying things be u&s;ed, the Ulcer grows dry, the Lips are red, and the fle&s;h is con|&s;umed, bloody matter al&s;o comes, and pain is found in the place: But if the part grow red and dry, as it ought naturally, and no corruption run out of the Ulcer, and a good colour appear in the fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> it is a &s;ign of a good Sarcotick Medicine.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. If the Ulcer be with a dry Intemperature, Moi&s;teners are required: Here warm water is good, if the Ulcer, or rather the parts near the Ulcer, be bathed with it: for although <HI>Hippocrates lib. de &V;lceribus</HI> &s;hows, that all the Ulcers mu&s;t not be wet, except it be with Wine, yet <HI>Galen</HI> writes that no moi&s;tening thing is good for Ulcers: But he means, that Moi&s;tners are not good for Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as &s;uch.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. One had been a long time ill of foul ma|lignant Ulcers in his Feet. He applied &s;everal things; he drank many &s;weating Decoctions and Specificks, but all in vain. At la&s;t he was anointed with Quick-&s;ilver, as People are for the Pox, and he was fluxt and cured &s;ucce&s;sfully. But why does <HI>Mercury</HI> cau&s;e Salivation? By its great tenuity of parts it powerfully di&s;&s;olves, melts and &s;oftens, therefore either applied or taken, whatever famili|ar and connate Humour it has by degrees melted, it carries it all by the Glands, and Salival Ve&s;&s;els into the Jaws, and Mouth, and it comes up neither by Coughing nor Vomiting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thiermai<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> but by continual &s;pit|ting.</P>
<P N="31"><PB N="641" REF="286">XXXI. A reverend Divine of a good age, having laboured &s;ome Months under an Ulcer on the in|&s;ide of his right Leg along the &s;hin Bone with much pain, &s;ent for me. The part affected was di|&s;tempered with great heat, and the Ulcer di&s;charg|ing a <HI>Sanies,</HI> endeavours had been u&s;ed to dige&s;t it with Turpentine and the yolk of an Egg, and &s;uch like un&s;ucce&s;sfully. I fomented the Ulcer and Parts about with Claret Wine, and dre&s;&s;ed it with 2 parts of <HI>&V;nguent. diapompholyg.</HI> and 1 part of <HI>&V;nguent. ba&s;ilicon majus</HI> with Praecipitate. Upon the Lips of it I applied Pledgits &s;pread with <HI>unguent. diapomphol.</HI> and an Empla&s;ter of &s;ome of the &s;ame <HI>diapomphol.</HI> over all, with Compre&s;s wrung out of the Wine, and rowled it up lightly, placing his Leg in Bed as be|fore. The next day I brought a Decoction of leaves of Plantain, tops of Bramble, Hor&s;e-tail, flowers of red Ro&s;es, and Pomegranate flowers, to which I added &s;ome Wine, and while it was heating, I took off the dre&s;&s;ings, and found the heat &s;omewhat al|layed, and the Ulcer well di&s;po&s;ed to dige&s;tion. I &s;tuped the Ulcer, dre&s;&s;ing the parts about with <HI>unguent. Tutiae mag. Vig.</HI> and rowled it up as before. By this method the hot <HI>intemperies</HI> removed, and the Ul|cer dige&s;ted: after which by the help of <HI>unguentum de&s;iccativum,</HI> and the Alom-&s;tone I cicatrized it firm, to the &s;atisfaction of the Patient and his Relations, leaving him again to the care of his Phy&s;icians Sir <HI>Alex. F.</HI> and Sir <HI>Fr. Pr.</HI> by who&s;e order I made him a Fontanel,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">man's</HI> Chirurg. Treat. p. <HI>172.</HI></NOTE> and &s;ome while after put him on a la|ced Stocking.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A Maid of about 35 years of age, of a Scorbutick habit of Body, had an I&s;&s;ue made in her left Arm, which was continued running many years; but at length, whether through negligence or from &s;ome other rea&s;on, &s;he &s;uffered it to dry up. The Winter following &s;he grew very much out of order by rea&s;on of a great complication of ill Symptomes, of which the mo&s;t important was an intolerable pain in that Arm and place where her I&s;&s;ue had formerly been. After various cour&s;es of Phy&s;ick and external applications, &s;he was in &s;ome mea&s;ure relieved, and was pretty free all the following Summer: but in the Winter, <HI>viz.</HI> 1672. her pain returned with &s;uch violence, as to afflict not only the place of the I&s;&s;ue with &s;uch pains, that &s;he likened it to the cutting off of the Arm, but it &s;tretched it &s;elf in a while after to the whole Arm, Shoulder, yea the very &s;ide it &s;elf; &s;o that many attempts being made, the Chirurgeons in the Coun|try opened two I&s;&s;ues on each &s;ide of the &s;eat of the old one. Many other things were done, till at la&s;t &s;he came into my hands. Dr. <HI>Walter Needham</HI> was her Phy&s;ician, and upon examination found her afflicted with a Rheumati&s;m, for which he in&s;titu|ted a convenient cour&s;e, and judged withall that the pain of the part was from the u&s;ual way Na|ture had taken to the old I&s;&s;ue, whither the &s;harp Humours making their pa&s;&s;age, and finding no vent, did di&s;per&s;e them&s;elves through all the branches of the Axillary Artery on that &s;ide, <HI>viz.</HI> to the Scapu|lary and Thoracick branches, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Pain being every where found, according to the place of their di&s;tribution. To the cure of this, be&s;ides what was inwardly admini&s;tred, it was thought requi&s;ite to eat down deep by a cau&s;tick, into the place where the old I&s;&s;ue had been, and thereby to divide the Fibres of the Membrane of the <HI>Biceps,</HI> which lay ju&s;t under it, and &s;eemed to be the place of the princi|pal pain. When this was done, we divided the E&s;char, and cut it out, then filled the opening with Praecipitate, and applied a Pledgit of <HI>&V;nguent. ba&s;ilic.</HI> With Oyl of Lilies upon it, and dre&s;&s;ed it up. We dre&s;&s;ed it every other day, till the remaining E&s;|char and Slough &s;eparated; then we incarned and cicatrized the Ulcer even. From the time of the opening this her Pain cea&s;ed, and &s;he was well of that, but laboured under a <HI>Rheumati&s;mus</HI> in great mea&s;ure, it &s;welling her Thigh, Legs, Hips, and lower Belly; but by frequent Phlebotomy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>178.</HI></NOTE> Pur|ging and other Pre&s;criptions, &s;he was by my &s;aid Friend happily cured.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. A Maid Servant living in a Noble Fa|mily had cut the in&s;ide of her right Leg by a fall upon a hot Grate-Iron, and having &s;uffered about eight Weeks under ill Chirurgery was commended to my Care. The Ulcer was with lo&s;s of &s;ub&s;tance and &s;anious, with &s;ome pituitous &s;welling in the Lips and Parts about it. I dre&s;&s;ed it with <HI>unguent&punc; ba&s;ilicon</HI> mixt with Praecipitate, 1 drachm of it to an ounce of the Unguent. I applied over it a Pla|&s;ter of <HI>diachalcit&punc;</HI> &s;prinkled with a little Vinegar, and a Compre&s;s wrung out of Oxycrate, then rowled it up with the expul&s;ive Bandage; the Cure indeed con&s;i&s;ting mainly in the well rowling, the want of that cau&s;ing frequently crudity in the Ulcer. By the u&s;e of it both the Influx was re&s;trained, and the member &s;trengthened, and with the help of the Unguent afore&s;aid it was dige&s;ted: as the Lips flatted by virtue of Compre&s;&s;ion, it incarned, and by <HI>&V;nguent. tutiae</HI> and Pledgits dipt in Lime water cicatrized in few dayes, without Purging or Bleed|ing.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. A Gentleman of about twenty years old, of a good habit of Body, put him&s;elf into my hands for the cure of an Ulcer on his right &s;ide the breadth of the palm of the Hand. It was occa&s;ion|ed by a burn, and had been bigger. The cau&s;e why this remaining part of the Ulcer did not cica|trize, was mo&s;t evident, it being over-grown with loo&s;e Fle&s;h. I applied Pledgits of a mixture of <HI>unguent. ba&s;ilicon</HI> with two parts <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> upon it, with Bandage: but ob&s;erving it not to yield to that &s;o &s;oon as I de&s;igned, I levelled it with the Cau&s;tick &s;tone, and after &s;eparation of the E&s;char dige&s;ted the Ulcer with <HI>unguent. ba&s;ilicon</HI> and <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate, and afterwards cicatrized it.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. A young Man by &s;ome accident brui&s;ed the back of his Hand: it inflamed and apo&s;temated, and after &s;ome while terminating in a &s;inuous Ul|cer, and underneath corrupting the Bone, I was con&s;ulted, and advi&s;ed the way of dre&s;&s;ing it: but that method not being ob&s;erved, other Bones of the Hand became carious, and the Hand in great hazard of being lo&s;t. Upon which he was com|mended to my care. Sir <HI>Alex. Fra&s;.</HI> being pre&s;ent, I took off the dre&s;&s;ings, made a &s;earch with a Probe, and felt the Bones leading to the two middle Fin|gers bare, rough, and as I &s;u&s;pected, rotten. The Orifice being &s;mall, I applied a Cau&s;tick large e|nough to make way for the taking out tho&s;e bones, then divided the E&s;char and dre&s;&s;ed up his Hand with Dige&s;tives, Empla&s;ter and Bandage. Sir <HI>Alex. Fra&s;.</HI> pre&s;cribed him a vulnerary decoction, and left the pro&s;ecution of the cure to me. As the E&s;car &s;eparated, I &s;aw the Bones leading to the two middle Fingers black, and &s;oftned with putrefacti|on. I laid hold on the one with my <HI>forceps,</HI> and pinched it into pieces with much ea&s;e, bringing part of it away. I fomented the hand with a De|coction of Wormwood in Wine, di&s;&s;olved a little <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> in &s;ome of it, wa&s;hed the Ulcer and ap|plied a Do&s;&s;il dipt hot in it upon the Bone, and <HI>un|guent. ba&s;ilicon</HI> over the E&s;car. I then pinched out what was mo&s;t rotten, dre&s;&s;ed the remaining ends of them with a mixture of <HI>unguent. Aegyptiacum,</HI> Spirit of Wine and extract of <HI>Scordium</HI> actually hot with an armed Probe, applied Pledgits of the &s;ame upon the Bones, rubb'd the loo&s;e fle&s;h in the Ulcer with a Vitriol &s;tone, and laid <HI>unguent. diapomphol.</HI> upon Pledgits over the tender edges of the Ulcer. By this way of dre&s;&s;ing I deterged the Ulcer, and at &s;everal times pinching out tho&s;e rotten Bones, that led to the two middle Fingers, di&s;po&s;ed the re&s;t to ca&s;t off. During which I laid the Ulcer higher open to the joynt of the middle Finger: which knuckle I al&s;o found rotted to pieces, and took out what would come ea&s;ily away; then dre&s;&s;ed the
<PB N="642" REF="287"> remaining <HI>Calies</HI> as the other in the Hand, and after &s;ome time made a &s;eparation of the <HI>Caries</HI> there. Having the while dige&s;ted and healed the Ulcer I fir&s;t laid open, I al&s;o cicatrized this part, and di&s;|mi&s;&s;ed the Patient well cured, as I thought. But &s;ome while after he came to me again with a Tu|mour upon that Knucle of the middle Finger, from &s;ome remaining &s;plinter of a Bone. I laid it open, and took that out. While I was curing this, I ob|&s;erved a &s;mall opening, with a Tumour near it as big as a &s;mall Hazle-nut, upon that part of the Bone which led to the Fore-finger. I opened this by Cau&s;ticks, and di&s;covering part of the Bone black, pinched it off, and dre&s;&s;ed the remaining end with <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> &s;calding hot upon an armed probe. I kept the Ulcer open with Do&s;&s;ils pre&s;t out with Spirit of Wine, till I made &s;eparation of it, then cured this Ulcer al&s;o. And from that time, which is more then 5 years he hath continued well, and his Hand is firm and &s;trong; Nature having &s;uppli|ed that lo&s;s of Bones with <HI>Callus.</HI> But he beareth the Marks of the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>188.</HI></NOTE> which will a&s;&s;ert the truth of what is here delivered.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. A Daughter of a &s;ub&s;tantial Citizen laboured under an Ab&s;ce&s;s in the Region of her left Kidney, and was long treated by a bold Em|pirick, who promi&s;ed Cure: but after all his en|deavours the Child langui&s;hing under the Ulcer, &s;ometimes by the great di&s;charge of matter by Urine, and other times through the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of it, great pains were &s;tirred up within the Body, and outwardly in the Ab&s;ce&s;s. I, being con&s;ulted ob&s;erved the external Ab&s;ce&s;s took its Original from the Ulcer within the Kidney, and required another manner of dre&s;&s;ing, its Cure being the work of time. I propo&s;ed the laying it open to the very part where the matter pa&s;&s;ed forth from the Kidney. To which purpo&s;e I applied a Cau|&s;tick upon the <HI>Sinus</HI> below, divided the E&s;car, and dre&s;&s;ed it up with Lenients. Then after &s;eparati|on and dige&s;tion of the Ulcer, &s;earching the &s;ame with my Probe, I found the <HI>Sinus</HI> run up above the Orifice; which being al&s;o laid open, I di&s;co|vered the pa&s;&s;age into the Kidney, and felt the &s;ide of the la&s;t &s;hort rib bared by the matter in its pa&s;&s;ing our. I dre&s;&s;ed the Ulcer with <HI>mundif. ex Apio,</HI> and healed up the remaining <HI>Sinus's</HI> above and below to the very Arpeture. While I was doing this work, Doctor <HI>Barwick</HI> was con&s;ulted to help us in the Cure by Internals, who pre&s;cribed a Trau|matick decoction of <HI>Sar&s;a, &amp;c.</HI> with the more tem|perate Plants and bal&s;amick Pills to contemperate the Humours. During my di&s;po&s;ing of this Ulcer to retain a <HI>Cannula,</HI> the Matter di&s;charged by Urine in great quantity, and the Patient was as &s;orely afflicted and had the &s;ame Symptome that others have who are di&s;ea&s;ed with Ulcers or Stones in their Kidneys, but after vent was given by a &s;hort <HI>Cannula</HI> o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Lead &s;he recovered. Having continued the u&s;e of the <HI>Cannula</HI> &s;ome months, I removed it and kept a Pea ju&s;t in the opening, and by red Spa|radrop and compre&s;s retained it on, then left her to her Mother to dre&s;s, and only called &s;ometimes when they gave me notice of their wants. After a year or thereabout that &s;he had kept this fonta|nell open, the internal pains and di&s;charge of Im|purities cea&s;ed, and &s;he grew more fle&s;hy and &s;trong. She went al&s;o dayly to a neighbouring School, where &s;he was exerci&s;ed in dancing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Af|ter the &s;pace of two years or thereabout, the Ulcer &s;eeming not to matter more then might be expect|ed from a &s;mall fontanell, the Mother ca&s;t out the Pea, and permitted it to heal up. But being &s;oon alarm'd by the old Accidents, which returned up|on the Child, &s;he &s;ent for me. I opened it again, and left them to keep it &s;o. Doctor <HI>Barwick</HI> was al&s;o again con&s;ulted, who repeated the former Method with &s;ome little alteration. The Ulcer was af|terward kept open near 3 years, during which &s;he &s;he repeated her cour&s;e of Phy&s;ick Spring and Fall, and was frequently brought to me. At length I &s;ee|ing her well grown, and of a fle&s;hy and healthy Complexion, and the Fontanell in a manner dried up, I advi&s;ed them to throw out the Pea, it being of no u&s;e. They did &s;o: from which time the Patient hath continued &s;trong and well and is &s;ince marri|ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>206.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. In the cure of deplorable Ulcers, which cannot otherwi&s;e be cured for much &s;ero&s;i|ty, as in a contumacious Itch, the Small Pox and Meazles, I have often experienced the happy ener|gy of <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Regulinum</HI> or <HI>Ceru&s;&s;a an|timonialis diaphoretica,</HI> which <HI>Schroder l.</HI> 3. <HI>Pharmacop.</HI> de|&s;cribes. Yet you mu&s;t know that you mu&s;t con|tinue the u&s;e of it, as of all things that purge the Blood, for 2 or 3 Weeks. Then it will have a bet|ter effect, if vulnerary e&s;&s;ences of the woods be made u&s;e of between whiles, by which means in|ternal Wounds and Ulcers will be quickly cured. It is indeed a Medicine that excels all Decoctions of the Woods, and all magi&s;terial Potions. Out|wardly it dries, wherefore it may beneficially be pre&s;cribed in co&s;metick waters, as Bean water, <HI>So|lomon</HI>'s Seal, <HI>Hepatica nobilis, &amp;c.</HI> again&s;t &s;pots in the Skin. It makes the Skin clean and fair; it may al&s;o be pre&s;cribed among co&s;metick Unguents for fi&s;&s;ures and chaps;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofmannus.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is from half a &s;cru|ple to half a drachm.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. A Vomit is of u&s;e to Phy&s;icians that cure Ulcers or Wounds, and at divers times. 1. When the lower parts being afflicted, we prevent a greater mi&s;chief from purging downwards. 2. When the upper parts are ill. 3. When the pec|cant Humour is of &s;uch a nature, that it is diffi|cultly carried downwards, and ea&s;ily upwards, 4. When no inward part being afflicted, we chu&s;e a Vomit for revul&s;ion &s;ake, as in Di&s;ea&s;es below the Girdle. 5. When there is Matter in and about the Stomach, which feeds the Di&s;ea&s;e. 6. If the Pati|ent be not ea&s;ie to be wrought upon by a Purge, and therefore violent Medicines be nece&s;&s;ary, &s;uch as are dangerous for the Patient. 7. When the Stomach will not retain a Purge, but throws it up again. 8. When no benefit has been found from &s;everal Medicines, that have been given. 9. When after gluttony and high feeding,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> the Belly is full of mucous and &s;limy Phlegm.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. By means of a <HI>Sanies,</HI> that makes its way by a &s;harp and nitrous quality, it often comes to pa&s;s, that an Ab&s;ce&s;s, Ulcer, or <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> has two or three holes: Which &s;ort of Ulcer a Man can &s;carce heal up with his utmo&s;t Indu&s;try; both becau&s;e, that when one hole clo&s;es up, it makes the other wider, and becau&s;e between the holes there is of|ten a partition of callous Fle&s;h or Skin. This Ul|cer mo&s;t endeavour a long time in vain to clo&s;e up with Medicines; others, although they know the difficulty, yet know not how to help it. In the mean while by their way of cure it is protracted a long time unhealed, which yet of its own Nature were ea&s;ie to be cured, if it were treated by Chi|rurgery properly &s;o called. Indeed I do not deny, but one may break the partition between the <HI>Si|nus</HI>'s with Septicks, but not without either the great di&s;advantage of pain, or the inconvenience of Inflammation. Moreover &s;ection is the more ex|pedite, and alwayes the &s;afer way, it is only re|quired, that neither the Phy&s;ician, nor Patient, ei|ther or both of them, be affrighted with a &s;hew of evil. I &s;ay a &s;hew; for often where bungling Sur|geons are afraid to u&s;e their Knife, I have been of better courage, and found no danger. Of a great number of which, the chief is the elde&s;t Son of the King of <HI>Fez,</HI> in whom under the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> I cut open two Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> which corre&s;ponded by a com|mon <HI>Sinus,</HI> at a great di&s;tance.</P>
<P N="40">XL. A Woman had an external Ulcer in her ne|ther right Jaw, not far from her Chin, which was
<PB N="643" REF="287"> open for &s;everal years, and could not be cured. I gave her a purge, and Ceru&s;s of Antimony, with cephalick Con&s;erves in form of an Electuary;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Winclerus,</HI> Mi&s;c. Cur. ann. <HI>1676.</HI></NOTE> and in a &s;hort time the Ulcer was dried up and healed, without the help of external Medicines.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. A young Man had been ill of an Ulcer in his Chin for 3 years, which refu&s;ed all Medicines. Some Phy&s;icians, con&s;idering its deepne&s;s and callo|&s;ity, affirmed it could not be cured without fire. Others, becau&s;e of the callous Lips thought it a <HI>Chironium,</HI> and therefore that it could not be cured at all. But, the nature of the Ulcer being con&s;i|dered, I denied it could be cured, without a tooth were quite pulled out, which when it was done, it was found rotten at the root, which was the cau&s;e of the Sore,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Benivenius.</NOTE> and in a little time after was healed with ordinary Remedies.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. In the year 1664. a Student by my ad|vice, who had a tedious Ulcer in the in&s;ide of his Leg, u&s;ed common Remedies to no purpo&s;e, and would not be fluxed, but went to <HI>Virdungum.</HI> Af|ter he had taken the Waters, according to the or|dinary pre&s;cription, for 20 dayes, he purged not at all. Which is the u&s;ual effect of tho&s;e waters, but he made abundance of Urine:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rol&s;inccius.</NOTE> And in 3 Weeks time his Ulcer dried up and he was well.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. Ulcers in the Feet, e&s;pecially about the In&s;tep, create the Chirurgeon much trouble and pains, becau&s;e all the Humours of the Body ever run to tho&s;e parts, and this is the rea&s;on, why they refu&s;e the be&s;t Remedies. But if the Foot be bound hard, beginning at the lower part and go|ing up to the Knee, and the Patient be purged once or twice a Week,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbet<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</NOTE> the cure will &s;ucceed, as well as one could wi&s;h.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. In Ulcers of the Feet we mu&s;t not pre|&s;ently proceed to heal them, when the Patient is enclined to wor&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es: for it is to be feared, that the fluxion, cau&s;ed by Nature's goodne&s;s, might be hindred by over ha&s;ty clo&s;ing, and recur to the inner noble parts, and there cau&s;e greater incon|veniences: If therefore Ulcers of the Feet &s;eem over trouble&s;ome, having purged, bled and ordered a better Diet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Haeferus.</NOTE> make an I&s;&s;ue in each Foot, and then heal the Ulcer.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. A young Man had had a Contu&s;ion on his great Toe, it inflamed and ulcerated: When it was grown inveterate, and could as it &s;eemed, be cured by no Remedies, he came to me; His Toe was &s;welled and inflamed: On the out&s;ide of it there was an excre&s;cence of Fle&s;h, as big as a Bean, which covered almo&s;t half the Nail: The Barber-Surgeons had &s;everal times wa&s;ted it away with cau&s;ticks, but to no purpo&s;e; for whatever they wa&s;ted in the day, it grew up again, like a Mu&s;hrome in the Night. I, enquiring out the hin|drances of cure, found the Nail under this Fle&s;h extuberant, and &s;eparated from the Fle&s;h under|neath, which therefore did prick the &s;ound Fle&s;h continually towards the root of the Nail, cau&s;ed pain, and attracted the Humours plentifully. When the cau&s;e was known, I put the Patient in hope of a &s;peedy cure: Therefore having purged and bled him on the &s;ame &s;ide, I &s;trowed &s;ome burnt Alom powdered upon the excre&s;cence of Fle&s;h: And I applied to his Toe and to his whole Foot a cool|ing and anodyne Catapla&s;m; Take of Bean-flower 2 ounces, powder of red Ro&s;es, Pomegranate flow|ers, and Cypre&s;s-nuts each 2 drachms, Saffron half a &s;cruple. Boyl them in Plantain and Ro&s;e water, and a little Vinegar. Add towards the latter end, the yolk of an Egg and a little Ro&s;e water. Apply it warm. With this the pain and &s;welling abated much, the excre&s;cence of the Fle&s;h was a little wa&s;ted, &s;o that the Nail, &s;eparated from the Fle&s;h underneath, which the excre&s;cence of Fle&s;h had covered, came into &s;ight. I cut it away, as care|fully as I could, with a Pen-knife and Sci&s;&s;ers, and when I had &s;trewed on it a drying powder, aad ap|plied <HI>Diapalma</HI> pla&s;ter, he quickly recovered. Hence let Chirurgeons learn how much it concerns them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"></NOTE> to know the cau&s;e of a di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Frequently after the cure of an <HI>Ichor</HI> and a <HI>Meliceria,</HI> we find the joynt &s;o &s;tiff and hard that it can be bended neither one way nor other: Here oftentimes Chirurgeons labor a long time to mollify the joynt, Ligaments and Nerves, but in Vain; for that <HI>Ichor,</HI> which flows from the whole Body to the wounded joynt, and has &s;uch acrimo|ny corrodes and wa&s;ts, fir&s;t of all the ligaments and tendons, which encompa&s;s the joynt, and then the Cartilages, which cover the joynt. Hence it comes to pa&s;s, that the Bones, being dive&s;ted of their Cartilages and Ligaments, do as firmly grow together by a <HI>Callus</HI> (which I was the fir&s;t that ob|&s;erved) as if there had never been a joynt there.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. Why is a full and a moi&s;t cour&s;e of Diet bad for all Ulcers, and a thin and dry one good? Whether becau&s;e a moi&s;t Diet makes the matter of the excrements more fluid? for moi&s;ture is termi|nated by any thing but it &s;elf, and drine&s;s by it &s;elf. Or is it, becau&s;e moi&s;ture opens a pa&s;&s;age? for Moi&s;ture makes lax the pa&s;&s;ages, which drine&s;s &s;tops up. And they flow, e&s;pecially when they are &s;harp, and when the moi&s;ture of meat and drink a|bounds: And a pa&s;&s;age ea&s;ily &s;ucceeds by the&s;e parts, which of their own Nature are apt to receive the excrements of the whole Body. Or is it, becau&s;e the Skin, among all its other u&s;es has this remarkable one, to retain the Humours and Juices, which run from within to the habit of the Body, and to &s;top them as it were, when otherwi&s;e they would ea&s;ily run out and be di&s;charged! So therefore as the want of Skin is the cau&s;e, why the &s;erous Humour ouzes out, it will be much more in &s;ick Per&s;ons; like as in Plants and Fruits, when the bark of them is cut, the u&s;eful Humour runs out, &s;o an Ulcer cea&s;es not to run till it be cru&s;ted over, nor does it cea&s;e run|ning in Plants, till the Cut clo&s;e up. Wherefore <HI>Hip|pocrates lib. de &V;lceribus</HI> &s;ayes <HI>The dry is next to the &s;ound, &amp; the dry is &s;ound.</HI> Or is it becau&s;e of weakne&s;s, for which the part does ill receive much adventitious moi&s;ture whether excrementitious or u&s;eful, and wa&s;ts the mo|derate heat, and is di&s;tempered, &s;o that it can neither concoct nor a&s;&s;imilate the &s;ame? Wherefore it is &s;aid by <HI>Arnaldus doct.</HI> 5. cap. 18. <HI>Aliment attracted, and not in|corporated, turns to</HI> &s;anies, and therefore &s;uperfluity of Aliment hurts wounded per&s;ons. Or is it, becau&s;e by how much more aliment comes to the parts, by &s;o much more Excrements are bred? And this being poured in plentifully infects and &s;poils the place. Moreover <HI>Hippocrates</HI> writes <HI>l. de nat. human.</HI> that when an Ulcer cannot be healed of a long time, Moi&s;ture is the cau&s;e of it. It is nece&s;&s;ary therefore that the whole Body be dry, and that the part be dry, for the agglutination of an Ulcer. Or is it becau&s;e an Ulcer, that is moi&s;t by Nature, is encrea&s;ed by the acce&s;&s;ion of a moi&s;t diet, as withered Plants, when they are watred afre&s;h, grow green again? But not only the Ulcer, but the parts about it grow moi&s;t and &s;tiff with an inflamed or &s;ome other Tu|mour, without the &s;oundne&s;s of which, the Ulcer can neither dry nor heal. The&s;e are Rea&s;ons &s;uffi|cient to reject a moi&s;t Diet.</P>
<P>Now a &s;lender Diet is approved of in Ulcers, as <HI>Eu|&s;tachius Rhudius</HI> has ob&s;erved, to the end, Nature may be more de&s;irous to di&s;tribute that which is &s;carce &s;ufficient for it &s;elf: For an Empty Stomach attracts from all the parts round, &s;o as that by long con&s;e|quence the circumference of the Body is emptied; And that ill Humours may be corrected by Nature's con&s;tant evacuation of them which would be hin|dred and diverted by plenty of victuals. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates lib. de locis p.</HI> 47. &s;ayes, <HI>Whatever Di&s;ea&s;es turn to &V;lcers, and are eminent above the re&s;t of the Body, they mu&s;t be cured by Medicines and Ab&s;tinence.</HI> And a little after, <HI>Proud and ri&s;ing fle&s;h, mu&s;t be brought down by Diet.</HI> But other|wi&s;e when the Bodies of ulcerous Per&s;ons abound
<PB N="644" REF="288"> Cacochymy, they will find huge inconvenience from a full and moi&s;t Diet. For 2 <HI>aph.</HI> 9. <HI>Impure bodies, the more you nouri&s;h them, the more you hurt them.</HI> Where|fore I u&s;e to &s;ay,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> that by a &s;pare Diet much mi&s;|chief, which would en&s;ue, is retrived.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. If you would clearly know how hurt|ful an ill cour&s;e of Diet is for Ulcers, I will pro|pound to your con&s;ideration the evidence and ex|perience of Apparencies, which have informed me when the Patient has been any way irregular. For the Sores continue a long time, and &s;ome|times putrid and fungous caruncles breed in the Ul|cer, &s;ometimes callo&s;ities and other filth and tumors grow in them, &s;ometimes there is a trouble&s;ome pain, and &s;ometimes an Inflammation about the part, and an internal one too. To &s;ay nothing, how ill &s;ometimes the Ulcer looks, and what a &s;trange colour and &s;tench &s;ometimes u&s;es to follow. The Patient mu&s;t needs &s;uffer the&s;e and &s;uch like things, who indulges his Appetite and crams his Gut, and has no command of him&s;elf. On the con|trary he that can rule him&s;elf and his Appe|tite, will both quickly be cured and will feel none of tho&s;e things I have &s;poken of. For as <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 16. &s;ayes, <HI>Nothing helps a &s;ick man more than &s;ea&s;on|able Ab&s;tinence.</HI> Here I will tell you mine own ob|&s;ervation, which I have made by long experience, When I had a great number of Ulcerous per&s;ons under my care in the Ho&s;pitals at <HI>Naples;</HI> It is very plea&s;ant to hear, how I u&s;ed to find tho&s;e out, that offended in their Diet, not only being able to di|&s;tingui&s;h the men and the time, but even the man|ner and how far they had offended: Becau&s;e Ul|cers are &s;o quickly and ea&s;ily altered according to what is taken inwardly. Therefore he that will, may ob&s;erve this with me, The fle&s;h of a Delin|quent's Ulcer will look like the fle&s;h of a Bea&s;t that has been &s;oaked in water, an&s;werable, that is, to the common cau&s;e of the affection, for the Ulcer is diluted by the fluxion of what is taken, as fle&s;h is, when &s;teeped in water. It fares otherwi&s;e with him, who is content with a little food: For his Ulcer will look red and clear, like Coral or the lean of a Gammon of Bacon, contracted and low;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> to &s;ay nothing of <HI>Pus,</HI> which will be lauda|ble.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. Whether may a large, but not a moi&s;t, Di|et be allowed in Ulcers? Moi&s;ture is twofold in general, Evident, and extended in a fluid &s;ub&s;tance, this they call Actual; another only contemplable by rea&s;on, which they call Potential. Now, though we avoid formal moi&s;ture in right curing of Ulcers; this certainly mu&s;t be very inconvenient, which makes it up in quantity, and &s;o much the rather, becau&s;e there are not wanting things, which have a potential humidity in them: Neverthele&s;s we could not blame only the liquid moi&s;ture, we reck|on that the other, which is latent in a great quanti|ty of matter, and equivalent to the for&s;aid moi&s;ture mu&s;t equally be avoided. Truly, the matter of the Blood is proportionable to the meat di&s;&s;olved in the Stomach, and the Superfluities are corre|&s;pondent in quantity to the Store of Blood that is bred. For even in meats, that are thought not to be moi&s;t, there is &s;ome portion of moi&s;ture mixt with them by Nature's workman&s;hip. Wherefore there is no rea&s;on, why we &s;hould only decline an apparent humidity in Diet, and allow any other; both of them in their forms and modes are noxi|ous:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Wherefore in curing of Ulcers the Diet mu&s;t always be as &s;pare as it can be.</P>
<P N="50">L. Let no man deny Wine in Ulcers, if they be old, and not joyned with &s;ome hot di&s;ea&s;e, which we ought to fear either pre&s;ent or imminent. In new Ulcers indeed Wine mu&s;t be avoided, becau&s;e of Inflammation and tho&s;e con&s;equent mi&s;chiefs which <HI>Hoppocrates</HI> mentions <HI>initio lib. de &V;lcer.</HI> As much therefore as Wine is approved of in curing old Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;o much is it condemned in new ones.</P>
<P N="51">LI. <HI>Hippocrates lib. de &V;lcer.</HI> appoints Ulcerous Per|&s;ons no other Diet than bread and water. But he &s;peaks of new ones, and immediately explains him|&s;elf, to prevent Inflammation and a Gangrene, and Convul&s;ion of the Limbs. But he has not declared what &s;ort of Diet is good for old ones. I think, for &s;uch as have gentle Ulcers, unle&s;s they have &s;ome great plenitude or &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e depending there|on, or &s;ome eminent danger per&s;wade the contra|ry, the eating of Fle&s;h is not di&s;commendable, e|&s;pecially of Animals, which u&s;e &s;wift motion, and yield lea&s;t &s;uperfluity, for they are of a good juice, as Birds of the Mountain, and four Footed Bea&s;ts, except Swine's Fle&s;h, which is all bad, but the Feet. Perhaps <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his opinion of Eggs and new Chee&s;e is no other; which is better verified, when Ulcers (as they mo&s;tly are) are hollow and &s;inuous: For what &s;ooner fills the vacuities of the Fle&s;h, than a congeneous &s;ub&s;tance, which by af|fording plenty of Blood fills the empty &s;paces of Fle&s;h, and repairs them for healing up? Yet this is hindred, becau&s;e from Fle&s;h, a food of much nou|ri&s;hment, there is a great product of excrement, which is immediately carried to the Ulcer, as is &s;aid before. For An&s;wer, we &s;ay, that there is a twofold moi&s;ture in any thing, either concocted, and well conquered by the heat, &s;o as it contains little excrementitious and &s;uperfluous in it; Or there is much excrementitious and &s;uperfluous, and little concocted but corruptive. The moi&s;ture that is in Fle&s;h and Eggs is rather nutritious than ex|crementitious: Therefore ro&s;ted Fle&s;h, though it have more moi&s;ture in it than boyled, is more pro|per for Ulcers than boyled, as experience makes out. So that which is inconvenient for Ulcers, it contains alwayes much moi&s;ture, either in the whole Aliment, or in part: Such are Broths, Can|dles, Grewel, Pot-Herbs, Sallets, juicy horary fruits (for &s;uch as are dried in the Sun or in an Oven are not condemned) Cucumbers, Fi&s;hes not Saxatil, Milk and all things made of Milk that are new; All the&s;e things are bad for Ulcers, and &s;harp things e&s;pecially when they &s;hould fill up and heal. But of fruits you mu&s;t except them that are of an a&s;tringent virtue, as Quinces, Medlars,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="52">LII. I mu&s;t in this place take notice of a com|mon abu&s;e practi&s;ed by Phy&s;icians in ulcerous Per|&s;ons and others, for whom, becau&s;e they are of a good juice and temper the heat of the Blood and the Liver; they make me&s;&s;es of Cichory, Endive, Buglo&s;s, Par&s;ley, Gourd, boyled with Fle&s;h, or Sippets and Sops of Bread in them, and they think they are proper, but they are very inconvenient. For all the&s;e preparations, &s;ince they have drunk up much moi&s;ture, do, when it is dige&s;ted in the work-hou&s;e of the Body, remit it to the Ulcer: Wherefore while the&s;e things are u&s;ed, it will be perpetually moi&s;t, and will never heal up. There|fore I cannot chu&s;e but laugh at, or rather pity, tho&s;e, who hoping to be cured in a Month, are not cured in a whole year: for how can Ulcers be healed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which are continually moi&s;tened with the humidity of Victuals?</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. To cure all old Ulcers perfectly; Take quick Lime 2 pounds, pour to it 5 quarts of hot water. Let it &s;tand till it cool, &s;train it through a brown paper, in which di&s;&s;olve <HI>Mercury</HI> after this manner; Take of this water 1 quart, add 3 drachms of <HI>Mer|curius dulcis,</HI> let it &s;tand in dige&s;tion: You will have an ine&s;timable Liquor. &para; For &s;preading Ulcers; Take the water di&s;tilled off rotten Apples, di&s;&s;olve therein a little <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> and <HI>Saccharum Saturni,</HI>
<PB N="645" REF="288"> filtre them. It is a &s;ecret which cures Ulcers and <HI>Fi&s;tulaes</HI> perfectly, if they be wa&s;hed there with. &para; The <HI>Arcanum</HI> of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda</HI> is al&s;o of great efficacy here; Take <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda,</HI> pour to it &s;ome Spirit of Wine, let them &s;tand in dige&s;tion, and the Spirit of Wine will be coloured, repeat this till no more will be extracted, then draw off the Spirit of Wine, till an e&s;&s;ence remain as thick as Honey, pour to it &s;ome water di&s;tilled off rotten Apples, extract the pure Salt from the <HI>Caput mortuum,</HI> and add the re&s;t, and &s;o you will have the true e&s;|&s;ence of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda.</HI> &para; This is a &s;ure Reme|dy for Ulcers with worms in them; Take of Savin 2 handfuls, Camphire half a drachm, the middle rind of an Hazle 1 pugil. Boyl them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Wine, pour it into a Ve&s;&s;el, put the Ulcerous Foot into it, and immediately little Worms will come out Swimming upon the Liquor: Repeat this &s;everal times,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE> and the Ulcers will be cured.</P>
<P N="2">2. Black earth Snails, which are found creeping among the leaves and gra&s;s, without Hou&s;es, in Spring time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enzelius.</NOTE> ma&s;hed together, and applied to Ul|cers, &s;often all Ulcers wonderfully.</P>
<P N="3">3. To inflamed Ulcers apply the narcotick Spirit of Vitriol, which is made of calcined Vitriol and Spirit of Wine mixt together, and putrefied in a clo&s;e Gla&s;s for a Month. This Spirit &s;eparated is good not only to allay all Inflammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Faber.</NOTE> and pains of Ulcers, but of the Gout it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="4">4. I take water Frogs and hang them in a Cu|curbit, &s;o as they may not touch the bottom and burn, and &s;o the water, which is drawn off, get a &s;trong Smell. I put fire under it, and draw it off gently in Sand, and keep it for u&s;e. For it is mo&s;t precious in malignant and cancrous Ulcers, al&s;o in a <HI>Polypus, Ozaena,</HI> and in Ulcers of the <HI>pudenda</HI> and <HI>&s;e|des,</HI> it extingui&s;hes Inflammation and corrects ma|lignity. I put not out the fire, till they be per|fectly dry, and no more water will come over: but I keep that which comes la&s;t by it &s;elf, for it &s;mells &s;omething &s;trong, and is not &s;o grateful in Ulcers of the Mouth and No&s;e. The Frogs thus dried I put into a melting crucible, and burn them to white a&s;hes. They are good not only to &s;top Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> but in all malignant and &s;ordid Ulcers, for if they be &s;trewed thereon, they clean&s;e and cor|rect malignity.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is a mo&s;t excellent Oyntment; Take of Oyl of unripe Ro&s;es 6 drachms, Myrtle, <HI>unguentum populeon</HI> each 3 ounces, leaves of Plantain, Night|&s;hade each 1 handful, &s;hred them, and mix all to|gether; let them &s;tand 8 dayes, &s;haking them eve|ry day, then &s;train them, add to the colature of wax 4 drachms. Mix them upon the fire, till they melt, &s;tirring them with a &s;tick, when it is warm, add of Litharge of Gold 6 drachms, Ceru&s;s 2 drachms, prepared tutty 2 drachms, Camphire 1 drachm and an half. Mix them in a Mortar for 2 hours.</P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;t. Rhu|dius.</NOTE>6. The root of Dragons is excellent for Cacoe|thick Ulcers.</P>
<P N="7">7. The juice of Pimpernel with the purple flow|er,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Poterius.</NOTE> with the Herb, brui&s;ed and applied to malig|nant Ulcers, perfectly cures them.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhumelius.</NOTE>8. <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate corrected is a &s;ingular Re|medy again&s;t all Ulcers.</P>
<P N="9">9. Many in a deplorable condition have been happily freed from their Ulcers by a decoction of Mint, wherewith the Ulcers are wa&s;hed Morning and Evening, and afterward &s;ome powder of Rue &s;trewed on.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mart. Ru|landus.</NOTE> &para; Oyl of Sulphur, and <HI>Empla&s;tram Dia|&s;ulphuris</HI> anoynted and applied does the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="10">10. Some cure the mo&s;t de&s;perate Ulcers with this mixture; They take of <HI>Mercury</HI> &s;ublimate 1 drachm, they powder it very fine, they pour to it the be&s;t rectified Spirit of Wine 1 pound. They &s;et it in a Gla&s;s Body in Sand, till the Sand grow hot and the Spirit of Wine burn. They boyl al&s;o a drachm of <HI>Lignum Guaiacum</HI> in 3 pints of water half away, when the water is cooled and filtred, they add the &s;aid Spirit of Wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sac<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">,</NOTE> which mixture is ap|plied with lint and tents to the Ulcers.</P>
<P N="11">11. Take of Salt of Litharge (it is prepared as <HI>Sal Saturni</HI> with de&s;tilled Vinegar) 1 drachm, Spirit of Turpentine 2 drachms, macerate them in hot A&s;hes, till the Liquor grow red; It is of admira|ble vertue in inveterate Ulcers, Tumours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schroderat.</NOTE> and Wounds.</P>
<P N="12">12. I have often experienced the following Pla|&s;ter to be good. Take of <HI>&V;nguentum diapomph. diapal|ma, gri&s;eum</HI> each 1 drachm, gum <HI>Elemi</HI> 2 drachms <HI>Sac|charum Saturni</HI> 1 &s;cruple, a little Wax. Mix them and make a Pla&s;ter. &para; Spirit of Wine e&s;pecially is excellent in deterging and cleaning putrid Ul|cers;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and therefore &s;hould be mixt with other Medicines.</P>
<P N="13">13. The following unguent is effectual in ab|&s;terging Ichors and foulne&s;s of Ulcers; Take of juice of Par&s;ly half a pound, Myrrh 2 drachms, Turpentine 1 drachm and an half. Boyl them all together, make an unguent, wherewith rags and tents may be &s;meared and put into the hollow of the Ulcers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valleriola.</NOTE> this clean&s;es well without any harm.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vomitus,</HI> or Vomiting.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bleeding is good for &s;ome. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a Cupping-Gla&s;s. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t &s;ometimes be cured by Vomiting. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Cly&s;ters in &s;topping one. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When nouri&s;hing ones mu&s;t be given? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cured by <HI>Elixir Proprietatis. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stopped with Medical Waters. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With a draught of cold Water. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to &s;top it, when cau&s;ed by corro&s;ive Poy&s;ons. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How, when cau&s;ed by a Malignant quality? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Scorbutick Per&s;ons it is better &s;topt with Milk than with a&s;tringents. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it may be &s;topt, when the meat is ca&s;t up becau&s;e of the de|pre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Cartilago Xiphoides? XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;topping of it, when a Vomit works too violently. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A periodical vomiting of black Choler &s;topt by the u&s;e of Leni|tives. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One cau&s;ed by a great laxity of the Stomach, cured by eating of bi&s;coct bread. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one cau&s;ed by the ob&s;truction of the Arteries of the Spleen. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pertinacious Vomiting of Meat, from the pal&s;ie of the Mouth of the Stomach. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some is &s;topt by a Narcotick mixt with a Purge. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about anoynting the Stomach. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pla&s;ters are better than Oyntments. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Stomach refu&s;es nece&s;&s;ary Medicines, how they may be kept? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of one coming from a Malignant Fever. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Meat may be given? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Vomiting is Idiopathick, &s;ome Sympathick. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of it, when &s;omething is bred in the Stomach; <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it comes from a &s;harp and hot matter. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the fault of the Stomach, that corrupts what it takes. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the re&s;olution of the Stomach, and the nerves being affect|ed. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Laudanum</HI> mu&s;t be given? <HI>XXIX.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1"><PB N="646" REF="289"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE>I. BLeeding mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be celebrated in an Inflammation of the parts, otherwi&s;e it does harm. &para; A young Man of a good habit, upon the breaking in of a hot matter out of the right <HI>Hypochon|drium,</HI> fell &s;uddenly into vomiting, and could be cured by no means but by Bleeding, though the Phy&s;icians were very doubtful about it: for after it the intemperature of the Liver cea&s;ed. A Seaman, who had a vomiting and an appetite, could not &s;top it by &s;etting a Cupping-gla&s;s to the bottom of his Stomach, but only by taking away &s;ome Blood; for when the hot evaporation of the Liver was aba|ted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> which did pierce the upper orifice of the Sto|mach, the Patient recovered.</P>
<P N="2">II. A Countryman, 34 years old, fell into fre|quent vomiting after his Meat, which la&s;ted for &s;ome dayes, &s;o that he had tried &s;everal Medicines in vain, and was in danger of his life: He at la&s;t was freed from his vomiting by applying only one Cup|ping-gla&s;s to the bottom of his Stomach twice after meat. And his weakne&s;s was &s;uch, that be&s;ides vo|miting, he often voided a great quantity of Blood by his No&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rumlerus, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 14.</NOTE> which Symptome neverthele&s;s vani&s;hed with the re&s;t by that only Remedy.</P>
<P N="3">III. The Excrements that &s;tick to the Stomach are often a cau&s;e why men cannot keep what they take, and things that are impacted into its Coats, make it often vomit up, what it contains in its Cavity. There|fore a Vomit cau&s;ed by Art, which may expel what &s;ticks to the Stomach, or is impacted into its Coats, will cure a Vomit by taking away the cau&s;e; as a loo&s;ne&s;s and dy&s;entery are cured by Purging and Cly&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE> Yet they ought not to be given ra&s;hly, but when Remedies, which are in their own nature contra|ry to the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;eem to give no ea&s;e. &para; And it mu&s;t be provoked by a moderate Emetick, not a weak one, &s;uch as warm Oyl; nor by a violent one, which draws from parts afar, as &s;uch as are made of Anti|mony; but with &s;uch as have a <HI>&s;trong</HI> faculty of di&s;|&s;olving the glutinous humor; Such as <HI>Gilla Theophra&s;ti,</HI> or <HI>Vitriolum album praeparatum:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> Its Salt is more efficacious, which is made of Vitriol calcined to an inten&s;e red|ne&s;s. &para; <HI>Valleriola</HI> is afraid to give a Purge to &s;uch as are troubled with a con&s;tant bilious or pituitous Vomiting, becau&s;e it is pre&s;ently brought up again by vomiting, and does no good, but a great deal of hurt, by irritating the Stomach, and di&s;turbing the humors, and not evacuating them. But it is my Cu&s;tome, and I have long experienced it, fir&s;t to carry off the humor, that is the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, by vomit fir&s;t, and then to &s;trengthen the Stomach both by taking things and by applications, that it may afterwards contain the Purge. But they are in error, who immediately at the beginning &s;top vomiting with A&s;tringents; for they fa&s;ten and retain the bad humors, which Nature endeavours to ca&s;t off,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract.</NOTE> and which afterwards will prove the cau&s;es of grievous Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Cly&s;ters are very good in all Vomitings, if we give them in a &s;mall quantity, and no &s;trong Laxa|tives or Oyls: For if a great quantity be given, part of the <HI>Colon,</HI> which lies upon the Stomach, is full, and the bottom of the Stomach is pre&s;&s;ed, and by that faculty, whereby it irritates the expul&s;ive one of the Inte&s;tines, it provokes to vomits, as Expe|rience &s;hews in &s;everal. And &s;trong ones mu&s;t not be pre&s;cribed, becau&s;e there are but few Excre|ments: Let them be made therefore of emollient Herbs, Seeds, and Flowers, that di&s;cu&s;s wind, di&s;|&s;olving therein &s;ome <HI>Mel ro&s;arum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tius.</NOTE> <HI>violarum, ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> or juyce of <HI>Mercury.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. After long vomiting, or when one cannot keep his food, let Cly&s;ters be given of a decoction of Capon, without Salt, Sugar or Oyl, but with a little Wine for Nutrition. A great quantity of the&s;e mu&s;t be given, that it may go high, but not greater than can be retained: for when the Guts are emp|ty, they draw &s;uch a Cly&s;ter, and retain it for their nouri&s;hment. It is the be&s;t way to boyl Anni&s;eeds in them, to make them di&s;pel Wind: for the empty Guts are full of Wind, which hinders the Cly&s;ters from going in. Such Cly&s;ters &s;hould be given, as often as the Patient u&s;ed to eat. For they will do good three ways, by nouri&s;hing, breaking Wind, and becau&s;e, when the Stomach takes nothing, all motion therein to vomit is quiet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the Stomach contracts it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="6">VI. When a Woman in the Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion vomited mo&s;t enormou&s;ly, &s;everal Medicines did her no good, till <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> gave her a few drops of <HI>Elixir proprietatis Paracel&s;i.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. A Gentleman 35 years old, of the Senatory Order, being &s;ubject to Di&s;ea&s;es in his Spleen, was taken with a vomiting &s;o unexpectedly, that he &s;pewed in the Di&s;hes at the Table: When he had taken the Waters called <HI>Vicecomiten&s;es</HI> in <HI>Avernia</HI> for a Month, he returned to his Country <HI>Geneva</HI> free of his Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. That cold water is proper in many Di&s;ea&s;es coming from Bile, the Writings both of the Ancients and Moderns do te&s;tifie. A certain Noble Lord, a Frenchman by Nation, at a certain time did upon his departure &s;howre down too liberal a &s;hower of <HI>Bacchus,</HI> born at the <HI>Canaries,</HI> upon the Company. The Courtiers his Companions, as they went home, were taken with vomiting: This looked like a Symptome ari&s;ing from a Surfeit. Three days after this Noble|man was troubled in the like nature, but far more violently; for his Age was greater, and his Sto|mach more &s;luggi&s;h. I was called to ea&s;e his en|raged Stomach: I endeavour to effect this with va|rious comfortable Internals and a&s;tringent Externals. All was to no purpo&s;e; whatever he drank or eat, in the fermentation cau&s;ed &s;o much wind and trou|ble till the Vomiting gave him &s;ome little ea&s;e: I tried to allay the inflammation contracted from the flame of the Wine with vitriolated Juleps and Emul|&s;ions, but in vain: At length I conjectured that Vitriolate things did rather exalt the vicious fer|ment of the Stomach; and that Emul&s;ions could not &s;ufficiently correct that exce&s;s, becau&s;e they are not &s;o plentifully pre&s;cribed by Phy&s;icians, or cannot be taken by the Patients without Loathing. There|fore I propo&s;ed a mo&s;t liberal draught of cold water, which could not encrea&s;e the ferment, but weaken it, by diluting it. He drank off a Gla&s;s that held 12 Ounces: The Stomach received its friendly gue&s;t mo&s;t kindly, and kept it quietly without the fermentation hitherto u&s;ual.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sigi&s;m. Gra&s;|&s;ius</HI> in Mi&s;c. cur. an. <HI>4</HI> &amp; <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> The Noble Per&s;on ad|mired his quietne&s;s, and by continuing to drink cold water, did quickly, &s;afely and plea&s;antly check all the violence of the raging <HI>Archeus.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. Among Poy&s;ons which produce enormous, and for the mo&s;t part mortal vomitings we reckon Ar&s;enick, Orpiment, and corro&s;ive <HI>Mercury</HI> &s;ublimate; all which in re&s;pect of their manife&s;t or latent acri|mony are mo&s;t happily tempered, and prepared for a more gentle excretion with oyly things, as fat Broths, any expre&s;&s;ed Oyl, Butter, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Among which Milk al&s;o u&s;es to be coagulated by them, and voided again, wherefore it is good, ina&s;much as the&s;e coa|gulating Poy&s;ons do more readily joyn them&s;elves to it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and in that very thing lo&s;e their nocent Power.</P>
<P N="10">X. If &s;ome malignity, as in the time of Pe&s;tilential Feavers, cau&s;e a trouble&s;ome Vomiting, it mu&s;t be oppo&s;ed, not with Purges or Vomits,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ench. Mea. Pract.</NOTE> but only with Cordials, taken inwardly and applied outwardly. &para; In that which attends Malignant Fevers 1 Scruple of Salt of Wormwood, with half an ounce of fre&s;h Citron juyce is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy: For this be&s;ides its deter&s;ive faculty &s;aturates the peccant acidities; as al&s;o do prepared Perl, <HI>terra &s;igillata,</HI> Bole Armenick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> with Rob of Corinths or Barberries mixt with Sorrel Water.</P>
<P N="11">XI. They that have writ of the Scurvy, almo&s;t all of them order Anti&s;corbutick Medicines to be given in Milk or Whey; And <HI>Eugalenus</HI> writes that Vomit|ing
<PB N="647" REF="289"> in Scorbutick per&s;ons is better &s;topt with Milk than with A&s;tringents: when yet Milk is ea&s;ily cor|rupted, and breeds Ob&s;tructions; but it is good, becau&s;e by its fat &s;ub&s;tance it greatly tempers the acrimony of the humors: For with how great acri|mony the humors in Scorbutick per&s;ons are endued, the eating Ulcers in the Gums and Legs do &s;uffi|ciently argue. I have &s;een Handkerchiefs of a thick cloth not only corroded by the Scorbutick Blood, that came out at the No&s;e, but the Wa&s;her's hands al&s;o exulcerated, that made them clean. Nor need the corruption of the Milk, or the procuration of Ob&s;tructions, be feared from it: for boyling and &s;ea&s;oning with Salt or Sugar will prevent the&s;e Mi&s;chiefs. Be&s;ides the Anti&s;corbuticks which u&s;e to be boyled in it, will &s;ufficiently prevent &s;uch things. And I do not think the fore&s;aid the only rea&s;on, why Vomiting is better &s;topt by Milk than by A&s;tringents, but al&s;o becau&s;e by its ab&s;ter&s;ive facul|ty it clean&s;es tho&s;e &s;harp humors, and carries them off by &s;tool; whereas A&s;tringents on the con|trary detain them in the Body, and fix them more firmly to the Coats and Fibres of the Stomach; whence afterwards ari&s;es a perpetual vellication and an irritation to Vomit. And Whey is there|fore given, becau&s;e it not only tempers and clean&s;es the humors,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Michael Do|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ingius.</NOTE> but al&s;o becau&s;e of its nitro&s;ity, and therefore its volatil Salt, &s;iezing the fixt Salt, which abounds in Scorbutick per&s;ons, it di&s;&s;olves it, and makes it more volatil. &para; In a Scorbutick Vomiting hot and &s;harp things are hurtful, and more exa&s;pe|rate the mi&s;chief: On the contrary, things that a&s;&s;wage pain, and qualifie the acrimony and &s;cor|butick Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Petraeus <HI>&amp;</HI> Barbette.</NOTE> are proper, e&s;pecially Goats Milk with juice of Water-Cre&s;&s;es or Scurvygra&s;s.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The bending in of the <HI>Cartilago Xiphoides</HI> (otherwi&s;e the falling in of the Brea&s;t) hurts the Stomach, and cau&s;es vomiting and difficulty of brea|thing, by hurting the Diaphragm: Therefore this Cartilage mu&s;t quickly be rai&s;ed, and &s;et right again in its place. Some &s;ay it may be rai&s;ed by applying a dry Cupping-gla&s;s to the mouth of the Sto|mach.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Vomitory Medicines taken un&s;ea&s;onably or in too great a quantity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> and producing outragious Vomiting, can only be cheekt and conquered by Opiates. &para; After the taking of a Vomit, motions to vomit are &s;everal times repeated, till the matter of the poy&s;onous tincture be ab&s;terged from the fi|brous cru&s;t of the Stomach, and at length be all ca&s;t up, to the end, that the Nervous fibres of the in|ner Coat may imbibe the Poy&s;on of it no more. But it does not always &s;o fall out that the vomiting is therefore at an end, but though the Phy&s;ick be wholly ca&s;t up, and none of its Contagion remain|ing, yet oftentimes the &s;tomachick Spirits being too much provoked, will &s;carce lay a&s;ide their fury; &s;o that they are irritated by any other juice what|ever (which the Nervous fibres imbibe) and are ca&s;t into emetick Spa&s;ms, and often repeat them. Wherefore that the vomiting may then cea&s;e, no|thing potable, whether alimentous or Cordial, mu&s;t be taken into the Stomach, but, a hot fomentation being applied outwardly, the Patient mu&s;t go to &s;leep. Moreover, &s;ometimes other humors expre&s;|&s;ed out of the ve&s;&s;els, and e&s;pecially bile, poured out of the Choledochal pa&s;&s;age into the Stomach, do not only add &s;trength to the Vomit, but when its operation is over, continue further to provoke the Stomach, and urge it to excretory Contractions. For this rea&s;on, when bile abounds, &s;eeing upon a &s;mall occa&s;ion it is called into the Stomach, very often a cruel vomiting with horrible Symptomes is cau&s;ed by a gentle Vomit;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI> Pharm. Rat. Sect. <HI>1.</HI> Cap. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> for quieting of which, it is convenient &s;ometimes to give a lenient Cly&s;ter, to the end the turge&s;cent bile may be &s;ollicited downwards. &para; In a <HI>Hypercathar&s;is</HI> cau&s;ed by a Vomit, the Patient being laid in bed, mu&s;t be carefully trea|ted with Medicines both internal and external, and fir&s;t of all that the gue&s;ts of the Stomach may be quiet, either a Warm Fomentation of a Deco|ction of Pontick Wormwood, Mint and Spices in Wine; or el&s;e a To&s;t of Bread dipt in warm Claret Wine, mu&s;t be applied: Let a Cly&s;ter of Milk with Treacle di&s;&s;olved in it be given: Let warm frictions of the Limbs, and &s;trong Ligatures above the Knee, which keep Spa&s;ms from tho&s;e parts, be u&s;ed: Let the Stomach in the mean time, unle&s;s there be faint|ing, be kept empty: But as &s;oon as it can keep any Aliment or Medicine, let &s;ome Cordial Water, or burnt Wine warm, be taken. In a great Pertur|bation, if the Pul&s;e admit, a little Treacle or <HI>Dia|&s;cordium,</HI> &s;ometimes al&s;o a Solution of <HI>Laudanum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Cap. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> or <HI>tinctura Opiatica,</HI> will be proper.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Mr. <HI>Girardus,</HI> Seventy years old; a Senator of <HI>Newenburgh</HI> was troubled at times with vomiting of a very &s;harp and black humor; a cruel, piercing pain of his Stomach preceeded, he put his Finger in his Throat and brought up &s;uch matter. He de|&s;ired Medicines of me for his Stomach; but I told him his Spleen mu&s;t be cured, of which he &s;aid he was never ill; becau&s;e he hated to take much, I pre&s;cribed him &s;ome lenitive Electuary, <HI>Catholicon</HI> or the like, that the gathering of humors, and the fluxion of them to the Spleen might be prevented. He followed my advice for a Month, and he was &s;o long free from his Vomiting and Pains. At length, as it is their Cu&s;tome there, he went to a Prie&s;t, that practi&s;es Phy&s;ick in the Territory of <HI>Friburgh,</HI> &s;u&s;pe|cted of Magick: He pre&s;cribed him I know not what, after which he was wor&s;e; for he took his Bed, who before could go about his Bu&s;ine&s;s, and died in a few days, having been fir&s;t troubled with a violent pain in his Stomach. His Friends de&s;ired he might be opened; I told them before, that there would be nothing found in his Stomach, but that they would find the cau&s;e of his Di&s;ea&s;e in his Spleen. And his Stomach indeed proved faultle&s;s; for there was no|thing found there, but a few Cherry-&s;tones, which he eat the day before; but the upper part (about a third) of his Spleen was quite wa&s;ted, as if it had been bitten off: We could not &s;earch any further, becau&s;e of the unskilfulne&s;s of the Di&s;&s;ector, who was liker a Butcher than an Anatomi&s;t. This Di&s;ea&s;e came very nigh the Black Di&s;ea&s;e of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> which he mentions <HI>Lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de Morb.</HI> 1. 161.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A Merchant &s;topt a tedious Vomiting from a laxity of his Stomach, by taking for 40 days toge|ther &s;a&s;ting, 4 or 5 hours before Dinner, 2 or 3 ounces of Biscoct Bread, without Drink: for it &s;oaks up the moi&s;ture, and &s;trengthens the Stomach, <HI>Pliny l.</HI> 22. <HI>c.</HI> 25. gave light to this Remedy again&s;t a De|&s;tillation;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> which the Noble <HI>Peireskius</HI> &s;topt with a mouthful of dry Bread, and &s;ome odoriferous &s;weet meat.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. It often ari&s;es from the Ob&s;truction of the Arteries of the Spleen, and then the u&s;e of Martial Spaws is good. The Wife of Con&s;ul. <HI>N.</HI> 39 years old, her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> flowing well, complained of her be|ing troubled with vomiting every day, either be|fore Dinner or Supper, with a dull pain in her left <HI>Hypochondrium,</HI> Head-ache, and a great anxiety of Heart. Various humors were brought up by Vo|miting. Fir&s;t of all &s;he was Vomited, then Purged; and outwardly &s;trengthning Bal&s;ams were applied; but all in vain:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|mannus.</NOTE> At length &s;he recovered upon taking Martial Spaw-waters in a Decoction of Apples.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. A &s;trong Man, otherwi&s;e well enough, had of a long time been ill of frequent Vomiting, he often u&s;ed to ca&s;t up immediately what he had eaten. At length, being above all Remedies, the Di&s;ea&s;e grew to that pa&s;s, that he eat with a good Appetite, till the <HI>Oe&s;ophagus</HI> was full to his mouth, and then, nothing getting into his Stomach, he immediately Vomited up what he had eaten, crude. When therefore he was every day in danger of peri&s;hing, I made him an In&s;trument, like a rod,
<PB N="648" REF="290"> of Whale-bone, with a button of Sponge fa&s;tned to the end of it: The Patient pre&s;ently after he had eaten and drunk, thru&s;t the food down into the <HI>a&s;o|phagus,</HI> having opened the Mouth of the Stomach, which would otherwi&s;e have re&s;tagnated: And he has taken his food every day the&s;e 16 years by the help of it, and yet u&s;es the &s;ame In&s;trument. Undoubtedly in this ca&s;e, the Mouth of the Stomach being alwayes &s;hut either by a Tumour, or a Pal&s;y, will admit nothing into the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> unle&s;s it be forced open with violence.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. In a mo&s;t violent Vomiting, let 3 grains of <HI>Laudanum</HI> and 2 &s;cruples and an half of <HI>Pil. coch.</HI> be given. The Vomiting will &s;top, and five hours af|ter the Patient will purge downwards. A pretty large quantity of Purgatives is given, becau&s;e the Purgative virtue is infringed by the <HI>Laudanum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> which mu&s;t therefore be mixt with diagrydiates and colo|cynthiates.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Becau&s;e Pla&s;ters operate &s;lowly, Unguents, or Liniments, or Inunctions mu&s;t be made, upon which we &s;trew powders adding a good quantity of Vinegar. All Inunctions mu&s;t be made in the beginning with hot things, in the end with cold: for all hot and cold things are a&s;tringent, the warm are laxative: and we mu&s;t anoynt without much rubbing, but only fomenting it lightly; for all agitation or motion about the Mouth of the Sto|mach provokes to Vomit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Pla&s;ters above any other forms of Topical Medicines, &s;hould in this ca&s;e be applied to the Stomach;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> le&s;t by rubbing the Stomach with Oynt|ments Vomiting be &s;ometimes cau&s;ed.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. When the Stomach utterly refu&s;es Medi|cines, which mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be u&s;ed, before you give the Patient any thing, apply &s;uch a Pla&s;ter; Take Oyl of Ma&s;tich, Quinces each half an ounce, cru&s;t of baked Bread, &s;teeped 2 hours in &s;trong Vi|negar, 2 ounces, <HI>Spodium,</HI> Ma&s;tich, Mint, red Coral prepared, Sanders white and red each 1 drachm, Barly flower, what is &s;ufficient, to make them up. Dolorifick ligatures of the extreme parts are good; and a dry Cupping-gla&s;s applied to the bottom of the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Vomiting is cured by Vomits if the &s;trength be good, which very thing <HI>Hippocrates lib. de Loc.</HI> confirms, becau&s;e the cau&s;e of the Vomiting is carried off. So a certain Soldier was taken with a burning Fever, and vomited up whatever he took, to whom on the fifth day, when he asked my advice, I gave him half a drachm of <HI>Sal Martis</HI> in Beer pretty warm, after which he ca&s;t up a load of vitious Humours, and then he kept well whatever he took. Thus is it confirmed, that Vomiting is cured by a Vomit. Such Symptomatical Vomits often proceed from Humours that irritate the Sto|mach;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE> yet the Vomits mu&s;t be &s;uch as have an A&s;triction, and &s;trengthen the Stomach.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. According to <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s advice, let not them that Vomit, eat, till they be very hun|gry.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. In a Symptomatick Vomiting the con|junct cau&s;e is either in the Stomach, which produ|ces this Idiopathick affection, or being fixt in other parts it cau&s;es Spa&s;ms in them, and by communi|cation by the Nerves emetick perturbations in the Stomach: as it happens in Fits of the Stone, Co|lick, Mother, in the <HI>Vertigo</HI> and other Di&s;ea&s;es; the cure of &s;uch a Sympathick Vomiting depends on the cure of the primary Di&s;ea&s;e. And the emetick mat|ter re&s;iding in the Stomach, is either poured into it from &s;ome where el&s;e, or is bred there through defect or depravation of concoction. In either ca&s;e the pre&s;ent load mu&s;t fir&s;t be di&s;charged, and then all further product of it mu&s;t be prevented: Therefore that the impure filth of the vi&s;cous mat|ter may be cleared from the Stomach, a gentle vo|mit may be given with <HI>Carduus</HI> po&s;&s;et drink, or <HI>Oxy|mel</HI> or Wine of Squills, or with a Decoction of Ca|momil flowers or Agrimony roots, or a Solution of Salt of Vitriol or the like: Then the remainder of the matter mu&s;t be carried off by Cly&s;ters, or Purging with <HI>Pilul. Ma&s;tich. Stomach. cum gum.</HI> or <HI>Tinctura Sacra,</HI> or a gentle Infu&s;ion of Rheubarb. Moreo|ver, &s;ince the impure or rancid Blood does often afford a new &s;tock of incongruous matter, either by the Arteries, or Choledochal Ve&s;&s;els, and breeds an emetick di&s;po&s;ition, Phlebotomy often does good. And therefore the Vomiting of Women with Child is often cured by this means (See Tit. <HI>Praegnant.</HI> BOOK XIV.) Furthermore, tho&s;e things are proper which temper the Blood, &s;o that adu&s;t recrements are not bred in them. Therefore drink|ing of Whey, Medical Waters, Juices of Herbs, <HI>Sal Prunellae</HI> and the like, in as much as they put the Blood in fu&s;ion, and carry the recrements another way, do often remove this vomitive di&s;po&s;ition. Such Medicines will al&s;o be of u&s;e, if frequent and dayly vomiting proceed from the meeting and &s;trife of the bilary Humour and the pancreatick juices, and their regurgitation into the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. The Vomiting is more frequent and diffi|cult of cure, which proceeds from &s;ome incongru|ous matter, bred within the Stomach, in as much, namely, as all that is eaten degenerates into an irri|tative putrilage, becau&s;e of the vitiated ferment of this part. Wherefore in this ca&s;e, after the filth of the Stomach is clean&s;ed by gentle evacuaters, Me|dicines vulgarly called Dige&s;tives, are of u&s;e, which according as the fermentative juice of the Stomach is for the mo&s;t part of a &s;aline nature, &s;ometimes of a Sulphureous, and is in a various &s;tate of fixity, fluidity, or adu&s;tion, are various, and &s;ometimes one, &s;ometimes another does good. In Belching and an acid Vomit the following Medicines may be tried, and the method may be taken from the <HI>juvantia.</HI> Take of <HI>Pulvis Ari Compo&s;itus</HI> 1 ounce and an half, Salt of Wormwood 2 drachms, Sugar of Ro|&s;es 3 drachms. Make a powder. Give 1 drachm of it morning and at 5 a Clock in the Afternoon in a draught of Beer boyled with Mace and a cru&s;t of bread, or in di&s;tilled water or Tincture of Pon|tick Wormwood. Take of powder of Ivory, Crabs-Eyes, red Coral each 2 drachms, Coral calcined 1 drachm, red Sanders, Cinnamon each half a drachm. Make a powder. The Do&s;e half a drachm in the &s;ame manner. Take of the Tincture of Salt of Tar|tar 1 ounce. The Do&s;e 1 &s;cruple to half a drachm, twice a day, in &s;ome appropriate di&s;tilled water.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. In Vomiting from a &s;harp and hot mat|ter Medicines endued with a &s;owre and vitriolick Salt are more convenient. That famous one of <HI>Riverius</HI> is proper in this place; Take of Salt of Wormwood 1 &s;cruple, give it in a &s;poonful of juice of Lemons. Take of Coral prepared two drachms, Salt of Wormwood one drachm and an half, juice of Lemons four ounces; Let them &s;tand in a capacious Gla&s;s; Add of &s;trong Cinna|mon water 2 ounces. The Do&s;e, a &s;poonful or two twice a day, fir&s;t &s;haking the Gla&s;s. Take of pow|der of Ivory, Coral each 2 drachms, Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> 1 drachm, Sugar Candy 1 drachm. Mix them. Di|vide it into 6 or 8 parts; let 1 be taken twice a day in &s;ome convenient Vehicle. In this ca&s;e mine|ral, purging waters which have much Nitre in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and Iron Waters, u&s;e to do abundance of good.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. If when the Stomach perverts mo&s;t it takes, into a bitter and bilious putrilage (as it of|ten does) it be therefore incli<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed to frequent vo|mitings, Medicines both Acid, and Bitter, are proper; Take of <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> 1 ounce; take 1 &s;cruple twice a day in &s;ome convenient Vehicle; Take of Rheubarb in powder xxv grains, Salt of Wormwood 1 &s;cruple, Cinnamon water half an ounce, juice of Lemons 1 ounce. Mix them. Take this either by it &s;elf, or in &s;ome convenient Liquor. Take of powder of Crabs-Eyes half an ounce. Tar|tar Chalyb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">te 2 drachms, Sugar Candy 1 drachm.
<PB N="649" REF="290"> Make a powder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> The Do&s;e half a drachm with &s;ome convenient Liquor twice a day.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The cau&s;e of a frequent and habitual Vomiting is oftentimes not &s;o much any matter ir|ritating the Stomach, as a weakne&s;s of its Nervous fibres, and its too great propen&s;ity to irrita|tion; ina&s;much namely, as they being very ten|der and infirm, can neither concoct what is taken, nor bear the burthen or load of it; but are pre|&s;ently irritated by any thing that lies upon them, and therefore put the carnous Fibres into emetick Spa&s;ms, that they may throw off what is trouble|&s;ome. In this Affection there are 2 ca&s;es, to wit, Either a weakne&s;s of the Stomach, implanted in the very Fibres, is contracted from &s;ome inordinate cour&s;es, as Surfeiting, dayly and immoderate drink|ing, frequent drinking of Wine or hot Waters, and other Errors in Diet, inasmuch as the&s;e Fibres be|ing di&s;tended beyond mea&s;ure, or too much heated, or as it were ro&s;ted, cannot admit or contain ani|mal Spirits in a quantity &s;ufficient; Or, Secondly, the&s;e Fibres, although of them&s;elves they be well enough, yet becau&s;e of Nerves &s;omewhere ob&s;truc|ted, they are deprived of a due afflux of Spirits, and thereupon being languid and flaccid, they cannot bear what is taken, but being oppre&s;&s;ed, they force it back by Vomit. Thus I have known &s;everal, who, without any impurity of Stomach, or <HI>languor</HI> contracted from di&s;order, have been taken, as it were, with a Pal&s;y in that part, and lo&s;t their ap|petite, and have been &s;ubject to frequent Vomiting. In the fir&s;t ca&s;e &s;uch Remedies are indicated as may by their Stypticity make the too much di&s;tended and thin Fibres to corrugate and contract into a narrower room, and &s;uch as may by their plea&s;ant|ne&s;s draw &s;pirits more plentifully thither, and re|fre&s;h what are languid. Take of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es vitriolate 4 ounces, pre&s;erved Myrobalanes 6 drachms, Ginger pre&s;erved in <HI>India</HI> half an ounce, <HI>Species de Hyacintho</HI> 2 drachms, the redde&s;t <HI>Crocus Mar|tis</HI> 1 drachm, Syrup of Corals, what is &s;ufficient, Make an Electuary. The Do&s;e 1 drachm twice a day, drinking a draught of di&s;tilled water upon it. In a weakne&s;s of the Stomach or re&s;olution cau&s;ed by &s;ome Nerves being &s;omewhere ob&s;tructed, An|tiparalytick Remedies joyned with Stomachicks will be of great u&s;e. Take of <HI>Elixir proprietatis Para|cel&s;i</HI> 1 drachm. The Do&s;e 1 &s;cruple twice a day in the following water; Take of Cypre&s;s tops 6 handfuls, leaves of Clary 4 handfuls, the outer rind of 12 Oranges, Cinnamon, Mace each 1 ounce, roots of <HI>Cyperus,</HI> le&s;&s;er Galangale each half an ounce. When they are cut and brui&s;ed, pour to them of <HI>Brunswick</HI> Mum 8 pounds; di&s;till them in common Ve&s;&s;els. Tincture of Coral, Tartar, or Antimony, may be u&s;ed in the &s;ame manner. In this ca&s;e <HI>Spi|ritus Salis dulcis,</HI> al&s;o Spirit of Sal Ammoniac or its flowers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis. <HI>ibid.</HI></NOTE> give great help. Moreover Vomits and Purges, and Sweats, are often given with benefit. I have known this Di&s;ea&s;e &s;everal times happily cu|red by Bathing in the Bath at <HI>Bathe.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. In Vomiting, and the Di&s;ea&s;e <HI>Cholera, Laud<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">num</HI> may be given with Syrup or Tincture of Ro&s;es or with <HI>&s;apa</HI> of Quinces and let a Cupping-Gla&s;s be immediately applied to the region of the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">yerne,</HI> tra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. de Laudan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. M. S.</NOTE> and make a Catapla&s;m of Leaven, powder of Mint and Orange Peal, with &s;ome juice of Mint.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Let this Pla&s;ter be applied, for it does won|ders; Take of Ma&s;tich, Cinnamon, <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> Z<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">doary, Galangale, Cloves, Anni&s;eeds, <HI>Marathrum</HI> each 3 drachms: Mix them: Make a powder. Mix the powder with Oyl of Ma&s;tich and Balm: And then with leaves of Wormwood and Mint, and baked Bread boyled in Wine, make a Pla&s;ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ordon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> and apply it warm.</P>
<P N="2">2. This following applied, is found to &s;top Vo|miting pre&s;ently; Take of &s;ower leven 2 drachms, dried Mint powdered, Ma&s;tich powdered each 2 drachms and an half, powder of Cloves 1 drachm, a little Vinegar. Mix them, and &s;pread them on a Cloth and apply it warm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> it does excellently well.</P>
<P N="3">3. Water cooled in Snow &s;tops a pertinacious bi|lious Vomiting above all things:<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Heredia.</NOTE> As I have found by experience.</P>
<P N="4">4. This is a mo&s;t excellent Remedy for all Vo|miting; Take of Cloves gro&s;sly beaten half a drachm, Ro&s;es 1 Pugil, red Wine half a Pound. Boyl half away.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joel.</NOTE> The Do&s;e 2 Spoonfuls after meat.</P>
<P N="5">5. If enormous Vomiting follow the taking of Antimonial Medicines, take 4 drops of Oyl of Cin|namon in Cinnamon-water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kunrad.</NOTE> and the Vomiting will pre&s;ently &s;top.</P>
<P N="6">6. This is admirable good; Take Yolks of Eggs, fry them in a Frying pan with Oyl of Ma&s;tich, add|ing powder of Ma&s;tich and Coral, till they become a &s;oft cake.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhudius.</NOTE> Apply them hot to the Mouth of the Stomach.</P>
<P N="7">7. I have learned by experience, that Water and Vinegar of Ro&s;es with the Yolk of an Egg and a little Salt, without any Butter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ro&s;enber|gius.</NOTE> pre&s;ently &s;tops Vo|miting.</P>
<P N="8">8. A cru&s;t of Bread dipt in Malm&s;ey Wine or Mint water and &s;prinkled with powder of Mint, Mace, Cloves, Cinnamon, or <HI>Spec. Aromat. ro&s;at.</HI> and applied to the Stomach, is effectual. &para; In what|ever cau&s;e Bread to&s;ted, dipt in Vinegar of Ro&s;es, and be&s;trewed with powder of Mint, Cloves and Ro&s;es, is good. &para; This is a certain experiment and reckoned as a &s;ecret by &s;ome; After the take|ing of Antimonial Medicines, which vomit too much, to give a &s;poonful or two of Spirit of Wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and it gives pre&s;ent help.</P>
<P N="9">9. Dried Coriander infu&s;ed in Vinegar does ad|mirably in a hot cau&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Stokkerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">10. Sower Leven &s;oaked in &s;trong Vinegar and juice of Mint applied and renewed twice or thrice, mo&s;t certainly &s;tops Vomiting by Purging and due Revul&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varendaeu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">11. A few Coriander Seeds, in Vomiting after the taking of a violent Medicine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Welkardus.</NOTE> have an admira|ble property to &s;top it, if they be chewed.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vomitus Sanguinis, Puris,</HI> or Vomiting of Blood, or Corruption.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Purging is good. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be &s;topt in all. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that are hot and of &s;ubtil parts mu&s;t be put into the Applications. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oyly things are hurtful. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vinegar mu&s;t not be given alone. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cau&s;ed by &s;wallowing a Leech. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>From the Spleen. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure and Prevention of Vomiting of <HI>Pus. VIII.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. GEntle and frequent Purging mu&s;t be celebra|ted, whereby the Blood is purged from tho&s;e &s;erous and bilious Humours, which produce this Di&s;ea&s;e. Which kind of Purges, celebrated by a prudent Phy&s;ician, do wonders, as I have learned by experience. And they mu&s;t be made of Rheubarb, Myrobolans, Tamarinds, and <HI>triphera
<PB N="650" REF="291"> Per&s;ica,</HI> which Medicines purge and bind, and no way di&s;turb the Humours, &s;o that you need not fear any vomiting of Blood will be cau&s;ed there|by.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. There were two Women at <HI>Padua</HI> who the day before their <HI>Men&s;es</HI> came, Vomited Blood; they perceived the Vomit before it came: which if the Phy&s;ician tried to &s;top,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> divers Symptomes would ari&s;e, and go away with vomiting.</P>
<P N="3">III. In Oyntments, Epithemes, and other appli|cations, we mu&s;t take care, that they have &s;ome heat with their a&s;triction: for though the flux be &s;topt with cold and a&s;tringent things, yet this is done, upon taking the indication from the function of the part (that is, the Stomach) and from the time: <HI>Cyperus,</HI> Spike, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> and Cinnamon, are the be&s;t among other A&s;tringents: For be&s;ides that they pre&s;erve the nature of the part, they help al|&s;o the penetration of the a&s;tringent and cold things, which are of gro&s;s parts.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In vomiting of Blood the u&s;e of Oyls is &s;u|&s;pected, becau&s;e they open the orifices of the Veins rather than clo&s;e them: Therefore <HI>Aloy&s;ius Mundella</HI> denies Oyl of Sweet Almonds to all that vomit Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. The u&s;e al&s;o of Vinegar alone is &s;u&s;pected, becau&s;e it exa&s;perates the parts, and rai&s;es a Cough, whereby it promotes a new fluxion. Therefore it mu&s;t be &s;weetned with Honey or Sugar.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A Country-Man was ill of Vomiting of Blood, that would give way to no Remedies for &s;everal dayes. The Phy&s;ician being de&s;irous to carry off the Blood, that was gathered in the Sto|mach, by vomit, pre&s;cribed him 2 ounces of Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, which made him vomit, and he brought up clotted Blood, and a Leech al&s;o that moved upon the ground.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 26. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.</NOTE> This was an unknown and rare cau&s;e of vomiting of Blood. The Patient &s;aid afterward that he drank of a rivulet, where he had &s;wallowed a Leech with the water.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In the year 1662. I &s;aw in the Town <HI>Boudri</HI> within the Territory of <HI>Newenburgh,</HI> a Notary fifty years old, who vomited at one time a pound of clotted black Blood, and, as he &s;aid, he had vo|mited as much the day before. His Stomach was then &s;queami&s;h, with a &s;en&s;e of a load, wherefore I gave him a little warm Oxycrate (for there was nothing el&s;e at hand) which brought up no le&s;s quantity. Becau&s;e the &s;trength was good, I pre|&s;cribed him a <HI>bolus</HI> of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es with I drachm of the powder of Rheubarb, which brought away a great deal of clotted Blood mixt with the Stools. Then I proceeded to &s;trengthners. For Pre&s;ervation I ordered him to Bleed at the Hae|morrhoids twice a year (for the flux came from his Spleen, as the &s;welling of it returning at times did te&s;tifie) giving him Chalybeates and openers of Ob&s;tructions. He followed this whole&s;ome ad|vice for 2 years; which being neglected the third year, his vomiting returned with greater violence, which deprived him of Life. I have known many (&s;ayes <HI>Dodonaeus cap. de Ab&s;ynthio l. hi&s;t. &s;tirpium</HI>) who have brought up Blood by vomiting. I remember I &s;aved one or two by my advice after once vo|miting, and indeed by the frequent u&s;e of Worm-wood all manner of wayes.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The excretion of <HI>Pus</HI> by Vomit and Stool mu&s;t not be &s;topt, but gently promoted, &s;eeing it is an Humour <HI>toto genere</HI> preternatural, and eve|ry way hurtful to Man. But the new growth of it mu&s;t be hindred, as much as can be, &s;ince it is bred of Blood, the fewel of our vital flame, and the food of all the parts of the Body, as well containing as contained. Among all things which move or promote excretion of <HI>Pus</HI> I prefer and commend Antimonial Medi|cines: for I have often ob&s;erved that they have not only a virtue of correcting the mi&s;chief which comes from <HI>Pus,</HI> but al&s;o of hindring the breeding of new <HI>Pus:</HI> for rightly prepared and admini&s;tred it &s;erves no le&s;s for the purifying of Man's Body, than for purifying of Gold. Al&s;o <HI>Bal&s;amus Sulphuris Ani&s;atus,</HI> and any other, &s;tops the continual genera|tion of <HI>Pus</HI> out of corrupt Blood, if 2 or 3 drops be taken &s;everal times a day; from which al&s;o the clean&s;ing and certain healing of the Ulcer may be expected, and perhaps more certainly than from any other Medicine. To this end al&s;o <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> will conduce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> and any other altering Medicine made of Antimony, and a Bal&s;ame artifi|cially made of its flowers.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. To &s;top vomiting of Blood I gave the&s;e with &s;ucce&s;s; Take of Mummy 1 drachm, juice of Hor&s;e-tail 1 ounce, water of Plantain, Hor&s;e-tail each 1 ounce and an half. After the Patient had drank this cold, his Bleeding and Vomiting &s;topt. &para; To a Woman, who brought up her <HI>Men&s;es</HI> by vomit I gave this Cly&s;ter for diver&s;ion; Take of Chicken broth wherein a few Prunes, Rai&s;ins, and Ani&s;eeds were boyled, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> for Cly&s;ters 1 ounce, oyl Olive, of &s;weet Almonds, Chamomil each 1 ounce, com|mon &s;alt 1 drachm, <HI>Sal Gem.</HI> half a drachm, the yolk of an Egg. Mix them. Make a Cly&s;ter. She reco|vered beyond expectation with this one Remedy: But every Month, before her vomiting came,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE> &s;he was bled in the Foot.</P>
<P N="2">2. Practitioners u&s;e to apply Remedies to the Spleen: as I have ob&s;erved from experience, when the Patients have vomited great quantities of black Blood, the vomiting has been pre&s;ently &s;topt by this Pla&s;ter. Take of Barley flower, A corns, root of Comfrey each 1 ounce and an half, blood-Dock 2 drachms, Plantain water and red Wine each what is &s;ufficient. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembs.</NOTE> &para; Pomegranates al&s;o are very good to allay the fury in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Trochi&s;ci de Carabe, de Terra Sigillata</HI> each 1 drachm, Water of Shepherds pur&s;e, Pur&s;lain, Plantain each one ounce. Mix them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grulingius.</NOTE> This immediately does good.</P>
<P N="4">4. An Amulet of a Plate of lead, or a flat pot of lead with Quick-&s;ilver in it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Kozak.</NOTE> if it be hung to the back, is very good in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is certainly true, I remember a certain young Noble-Man, who voided &s;uch abundance of pure Blood at his Mouth, &s;ometimes without, &s;ome|times with Coughing, that you would have &s;worn he would have vomited up his purple Soul. This Per&s;on at the time of his Fit held fa&s;t in his Hand &s;ome Shepherds-pur&s;e; and out of his Fit, put &s;ome Shepherds-pur&s;e to the &s;oles of his Feet, and both his Vomiting and Spitting of Blood &s;topt: But I recommended to him, as to other Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons, the fume of the be&s;t native Sulphur, which he was ordered to receive with his open Mouth, by which means he was not only cured of his Vo|miting of Blood, but he married a Wife.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Simon Pauli.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">6. That the Blood may not congeal upon the Stomach, two ounces of Simple <HI>Oxymel</HI> &s;hould be given. But if it be congealed, the be&s;t Remedy is 1 ounce of Hares Rennet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhudius.</NOTE> with 3 ounces of Vine|gar, given in drink.</P>
<P N="7">7. This applied to the Brea&s;t and Stomach quickly &s;uppre&s;&s;es vomiting of Blood;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mart. Ru|landus.</NOTE> Take of Rye-Bread 3 handfuls, Salt 1 handful, Vinegar what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Make a Pla&s;ter.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="651" REF="291">
<HEAD><HI>Urinae Incontinentia,</HI> or Incontinence of &V;rine.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>When Blood may be let? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of it, when cau&s;ed by tearing the Bladder. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IF the <HI>Men&s;es</HI> or Haemorrhoids be &s;topt, then in|deed if you can ea&s;ily bring them down, you mu&s;t bleed in the Foot &s;paringly, and at times, as much as may &s;uffice to abate the abundance; but if the &s;topt Blood be crude, as it often is, you mu&s;t bleed more &s;paringly, and then Purge, and after|wards proceed to things that &s;trengthen the part. But if it come from a defluxion of fluid Phlegm, which is ever running, or of thick Phlegm, which having gathered there, cau&s;ed that mi&s;chief, we mu&s;t have a care of letting Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> unle&s;s the Body in like manner abound in Blood.</P>
<P N="2">II. In the year 1608. I was called to a young Wo|man of her fir&s;t Child, who&s;e Bladder a fooli&s;h Mid|wife had torn, &s;o that &s;he could not keep her Urine one moment. Whereupon her Skin of the <HI>Labia Pudendi</HI> was fir&s;t excoriated with the continual run|ning; then there grew &s;o many Warts, but &s;oft ones, as I believe no man's two hands could hold them; both her Buttocks al&s;o were almo&s;t eaten away with her Urine. I ordered her to be carried to <HI>Liege,</HI> being de&s;irous to cure her. As &s;oon as I fell upon the cure, I anointed thick that ugly great lump of Warts with the <HI>Magma</HI> of crude Antimony and Sublimate, out of which they di&s;til the Butter of Antimony; which being often &s;craped off, the <HI>Labia Pudoris</HI> did at length on the third day &s;how them&s;elves deep buried, and the putrid eaten fle&s;h of her Buttocks gave &s;ome hopes of Cure. As &s;oon as I could part the <HI>Labia,</HI> and ob&s;erve the Sphincter of the Bladder, I fitted a Silver Pipe to it, the &s;hor|ter end whereof I put into her Bladder, and to the longer, which &s;tood out four inches, I fa&s;tned a Pot: The Urine in this manner being carried another way, and the Ulcers cicatrized, &s;he &s;eemed well, and the Nineteenth day after &s;he came to <HI>Liege,</HI> &s;he called her Husband to her, with whom &s;he had not lain for two years, by whom, when I had taught her to put off and on her Silver Pipe, which was nece&s;|&s;ary in their embraces, &s;he was with Child, and was &s;afely delivered. But after I had u&s;ed &s;everal things in vain for the &s;topping of that dropping of her Urine, I left her glad of this one thing, that, though &s;he was troubled with the Pot, yet &s;he lived without Pain. Afterwards I met her very well, and &s;he of|fered me the Silver Pipe again, if I had any occa&s;ion for it. I was amazed, how &s;he could be rid of her incontinence of Urine, and &s;he &s;hewed me a Bag hung about her Neck, wherein there was the Pow|der of a Toad, which had been burnt alive in a new Pot. A <HI>Cingar</HI> had taught her this, and that &s;he would hold her Water as well as before her Bladder was torn.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heers, <HI>O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 14.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Urinae Suppre&s;&s;io,</HI> or Stoppage of &V;rine.</HEAD>
<P>(See <HI>I&s;churia</HI> Book IX.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Uteri Affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Womb.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Vinegar does not alwayes hurt. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It delights in &s;weet things. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Haemorrhoids mu&s;t not be opened. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It throws off its impurities to the Groin. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sugar is an Enemy. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In an Ab&s;ce&s;s of the Womb after the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> what Vein mu&s;t be opened? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Vein mu&s;t be opened in its Inflammation? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may u&s;e Vomits? <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Fle&s;h may be allowed? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An uterine <HI>Fungus</HI> taken away by Section. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be any &s;uch thing as the falling out of the Womb? <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vomit mu&s;t not be given. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Semicupe mu&s;t be u&s;ed with Caution. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When A&s;tringents are proper? <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One re&s;embling the <HI>Sciatica. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Candle or <HI>Obturamentum</HI> &s;hould be? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In an Inflammation Cly&s;ters mu&s;t frequently be given. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sudorificks and Narcoticks are proper in it? <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of Fomentations and the way of applying them. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution about Fumes. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of an ab&s;ce&s;s upon the <HI>alae Pudendi. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of Warts of the <HI>Vulva. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A huge &s;welling in the <HI>Pudendum</HI> taken away. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An ea&s;ie Cure of inflation of the Womb. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks may be given in a Cancer of the Womb. <HI>XXV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4 <HI>Acut.</HI> &s;ays, that Vinegar is <GAP DESC="foreign"> (or painful to the Womb) and affirms that Women are more hurt by it than Men, yet he often u&s;es it in their Di&s;ea&s;es, which ari&s;e from &s;ome fault in the Womb: for he u&s;ed it not on|ly applied outwardly, and gave it by the Mouth, but he al&s;o injected it into the Womb in Collutions, and Fomentations made of Vinegar, as is manife&s;t from <HI>Lib. de Morb. Mul.</HI> to wit, becau&s;e of the remar|kable faculties which Vinegar has of cutting, atte|nuating, drying and cooling, with tenuity of parts, which are not found equal in another Medicine, we are often forced to u&s;e it, though it may do &s;ome harm; that is, when the benefit which re&s;ults from its fore&s;aid Virtues, is greater than the inconvenience that comes from its &s;mell. &para; <HI>Riverius</HI> orders Cly|&s;ters of Oxycrate in Fits; yea, he gives a gla&s;s of it, by which he &s;ays the Fit is pre&s;ently &s;topt,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martianus</HI> Com. in loc.</NOTE> the vapors which cau&s;e it being repre&s;&s;ed, and coagulated.</P>
<P N="2">II. There mu&s;t always be this caution in things of the Womb, the &s;erous Remedies mu&s;t never be pre|&s;cribed without &s;weetne&s;s, otherwi&s;e they will go to the Kidneys, for the Womb delights in &s;weet things, as the Kidneys do in &s;erous. For this rea|&s;on <HI>Galen</HI> mixed not Honey in the cure of <HI>Boethius</HI> his Wife, when he would avert the cour&s;e of the hu|mors by Diureticks, wherefore we add Orrice to the Honey that it may more greedily be received by the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3"><PB N="652" REF="292">III. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Womb it is clear, that it is not nece&s;&s;ary to open the Haemorrhoid veins, becau&s;e the redundant Blood in this part may be purged by its own Ve&s;&s;els, and much &s;afer: For though the&s;e Veins may ea&s;ily be opened, yet they are not &s;o ea&s;ily &s;hut again.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> And if the <HI>Lochia</HI> &s;ucceed not, they may be voided by proper Uterines.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As the Men do di&s;charge their Liver and Spleen to the Groin, &s;o Women do moreover what is redundant in the Womb: And the way whereby this filth runs is reckoned by Anatomi&s;ts the lower Ligament of the Womb which de&s;cends on each &s;ide to the inguinal Glands, in which, &s;ometimes Vene|real Tumors appear. Therefore <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays well, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 4. <HI>If a Woman, when her</HI> Men&s;trua <HI>do not pa&s;s, vomit Blood, it is the be&s;t way to apply a Cupping-gla&s;s to her Groin.</HI> Would you know the rea&s;on? you can &s;carce come to a place nearer the Womb, or more effectu|ally avert the outragious violence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> which the uterine Blood offers to the Parts above the Diaphragm.</P>
<P N="5">V. A Woman who&s;e <HI>Lochia</HI> &s;topt, was bled in the Foot, and had <HI>Platerus</HI> his Powder for forcing the <HI>Lochia,</HI> given her in Buglo&s;s-water; but in&s;tead of Sugar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bartholinus.</NOTE> an enemy to the Womb, I put in the <HI>Anthera</HI> of white Lilly flowers.</P>
<P N="6">VI. When an Inflammation turns to an Ab&s;ce&s;s, &s;ome letting of Blood mu&s;t be endeavored: Which indeed, for Revul&s;ion &s;ake, mu&s;t be let in the upper Veins, except the Patient be lying in, and there|fore be in danger of Fits; wherefore it is &s;afer to bleed in the Foot. For formerly I &s;aw my Ma&s;ter let a certain Pletho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ick young Woman, lying in, Blood in her Arm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE> whom, when we went to vi&s;it her in the Evening, we found dead of Fits.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Whether may a Vein be opened in an Inflamma|tion of the Womb? The Ba&s;ilick Vein mu&s;t be opened for revul&s;ion and evacuation of plenitude. For though &s;ome open the lower Veins, yet becau&s;e the opening of them draws the Blood to the Part affected, therefore we mu&s;t ab&s;tain, at lea&s;t in the beginning, le&s;t from a greater Fluxion to the Part the Di&s;ea&s;e grow wor&s;e. Nor can revul&s;ion be thus made, whatever <HI>Fuchsius</HI> and others think. But when the Fluxion is over, a Vein may be opened below, for evacuation of the conjunct cau&s;e. Rea&s;on tells us as much; for if in the beginning of an Inflamma|tion revul&s;ion mu&s;t be made from the Womb, then the upper Veins mu&s;t be opened. 2. In an Inflam|mation of the womb the <HI>men&s;es</HI> mu&s;t not be provo|ked, therefore the lower Veins mu&s;t not be opened. And though <HI>Galen,</HI> 2 <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 2. order Bleeding in the Foot, yet it mu&s;t be under&s;tood of derivation; or of Di&s;ea&s;es in the Womb wherein there is no need of revul&s;ion. But if there be no plenitude, and the Inflammation be &s;mall, it will not be ami&s;s to begin with the <HI>Saphaena.</HI> But in a Woman with Child it is always dangerous to bleed in the Foot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senner<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Avicenna</HI> bids us u&s;e Vomits, but without doubt it is to make evacuation by a place farthe&s;t di&s;tant from the part affected. But we mu&s;t take great care; for if they be gentle, they evacuate al|mo&s;t nothing; if &s;trong, they make a great di&s;tur|bance in the Body, whence more harm than good follows.</P>
<P N="9">IX. When the Womb is ill of an Ery&s;ipelaceous Inflammation, the Diet mu&s;t be of Pti&s;an, both the Cichories, Lettuce, with Bread, ab&s;taining from Eggs and Fle&s;h, till they have pa&s;&s;ed the increa&s;e and &s;tate. For I cannot commend <HI>Mercatus</HI> and <HI>Mer|curialis,</HI> who, when the fir&s;t 3 days are over, give Fle&s;h, for they do not &s;o &s;oon pa&s;s the time of in|crea&s;e and the &s;tate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinandus, <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 4.</NOTE> wherefore in the declen&s;ion we may u&s;e them.</P>
<P N="10">X. Parts full of Glands ea&s;ily degenerate into <HI>fungi,</HI> the proximate &s;ubject of a <HI>Carcinoma,</HI> and if there be any <HI>fungus</HI> in the Womb, the <HI>fungus</HI> irritates it pre&s;ently, and it pours out the <HI>men&s;trua</HI> in no le&s;s plenty, than if the true Birth were at hand; where|by, neverthele&s;s, &s;ince this fixt tumor is not at all expelled, it is nece&s;&s;ary to have recour&s;e to the Knife, and by the help of it to take out by the root, what cannot otherwi&s;e be extirpated. But all the Skill is, either to attempt &s;uch a Section, or rightly to perform it in &s;uch an ob&s;cure place. In which notwith&s;tanding I &s;aw it twice performed with as much &s;ecurity, and the <HI>fungus</HI> of that Part cut out by <HI>Bernardus Ollularius</HI> without any hurt to the Part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 33. <HI>and</HI> 34.</NOTE> as if he had directed his Knife in the open light, and in a place mo&s;t obvious.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I have this admonition to give concerning the falling out of the Womb, that it is &s;carce, yea al|together impo&s;&s;ible, that the Body of the Womb &s;hould hang out of the <HI>Vulva;</HI> and therefore this Di&s;ea&s;e is not &s;o frequent as is commonly thought. But Midwives, and mo&s;t Phy&s;icians with them, are deceived (which <HI>Roonbu&s;ius</HI> confirms in his Ob&s;erva|tions) by the rugous <HI>vagina uteri,</HI> which after a hard Labour or an unskilful Midwife, being &s;eparated from the Parts about it, by the additional afflux of pituitous Humors (which we may often ob&s;erve to happen in the lower Eye-lid) is &s;o extended and encrea&s;ed, that the <HI>vagina,</HI> hanging without the <HI>Vul|va,</HI> re&s;embles &s;ome pyriform ve&s;&s;el. For the grea|ter the falling out is, &s;o much narrower the root of it is.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne <HI>&amp;</HI> Barbette.</NOTE> And therefore when we are forced to cut it off for a Gangrene, it is done with little danger.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Some approve of a Vomit, becau&s;e it makes revul&s;ion of the Humors to the upper Parts. And upon that account indeed it were good, but that it may be feared on another; becau&s;e it is performed with great &s;training, and forces the Womb as much as &s;neezing: Yea, Experience has &s;hown, that no|thing is more effectual to bring away the Child quickly in a hard Labour, than to give a Vomit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Phy&s;icians u&s;e a Semicupe of a Decoction of A&s;tringents: which yet needs caution: for there is danger, le&s;t the Womb in that po&s;ture be turned out of its place, e&s;pecially while the Di&s;ea&s;e is in the beginning and new: but when it has held the Patient a long time, and &s;he is guarded by a Tru&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> it may do her good.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. But concerning a&s;tringent Medicines, as well internal as external, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that they mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly u&s;ed, if the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> come at cer|tain Periods, le&s;t they &s;hould be &s;topt, and great mi&s;chief &s;hould ari&s;e from thence. And the time mo&s;t proper for &s;uch Medicines is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> when the <HI>Men|&s;trua</HI> are pa&s;t.</P>
<P N="15">XV. A Woman had not been well Purged after her Travel, and when other People thought &s;he was ill of the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> the Phy&s;ician commanded the Midwife to &s;earch, whether her Womb were not &s;lipt to the Hip, which &s;he found was &s;o: Therefore there was need of Chirurgery. She was &s;et in a hollow Chair, and foetid fumes were placed be|low, and &s;weet ones held to her No&s;e; Afterward the Midwife, having anointed her Finger with Oyl of &s;weet and bitter Almonds,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lucillus Phi|lalthaeus.</NOTE> &s;eparated the Womb from the Hip, and placed it right; and then &s;he lay a while on her well &s;ide.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. In curing the falling out of the Womb we mu&s;t e&s;pecially have a care, that the wax Candle or <HI>Obturamentum</HI> be not &s;o thick, as by its continual attrition to cau&s;e the Whites or Ejaculation of Seed, whereby the Body mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be weak|ned. But you cannot with all your Prudence either altogether or always prevent this mi&s;chief. Where|fore they &s;eem to act with rea&s;on, who make a hole lengthways in the Candle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette.</NOTE> to make a fit pa&s;&s;age for the Humors.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mollient and Carminative Cly&s;ters are proper, if an Inflammation ari&s;e in the Womb from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> and there be Pain with heat and pul&s;ation; and they mu&s;t he given now and then. 1. That the Excrements of the Belly may be carried off in time, le&s;t by &s;taying there they
<PB N="653" REF="292"> encrea&s;e the Pain and Inflammation. 2. That the acid acrimony, which is peccant in every Inflamma|tion, may be tempered by the &s;teems of the Cly&s;ters, which penetrate the Womb. And 3. That the Parts di&s;tended by the Inflammation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Bo&euml;.</NOTE> and hitherto in Pain, may be a&s;&s;waged.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. To this purpo&s;e al&s;o Sudorificks of Crabs-eyes, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> and the like will be proper; becau&s;e they e&s;pecially are good, above all things that are yet known, both to prevent and cure an Inflammation, adding always Opiates, which temper every &s;harp thing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and a&s;&s;wage all Pain.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Fomentations al&s;o made of a Decoction of aromatick and emollient Plants are good for this purpo&s;e. And they ought to be applied with a great &s;ponge or woollen cloth pretty hot to the bottom of the Belly, and the <HI>Pudendum muliebre,</HI> that their virtue may the &s;ooner and more &s;ucce&s;sfully penetrate into the Womb it &s;elf. Such Fomentations al&s;o may be applied in an Oxes Bladder half way filled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Fumes made of the Stone <HI>Pyrites,</HI> red hot, quenched in Vinegar are wonderfully commended by <HI>Galen</HI> to di&s;&s;olve all &s;chirrous Tumors. Yet we mu&s;t have a care that the Stone <HI>Pyrites</HI> be not a Leaden one;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE> for then it would do a great deal of harm.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Sometimes upon the <HI>Alae pudendi muliebris</HI> there grows a &s;welling at fir&s;t &s;mall, then va&s;tly encrea&s;ing, &s;oft, all of a colour, which may be handled any way without pain: And from the forefaid &s;igns, and from the matter contained, I place it among the oedematous kind. <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> calls it an Ab&s;ce&s;s, but I under&s;tand it to be a cy&s;tick one, or anomalous, and not &s;uppuratory; for &s;ection, e&s;pecially in the&s;e lax places need not be deferred for fear of a <HI>Fi&s;tula.</HI> A Whore had a Tubercle upon her <HI>labium pu|dendi</HI> as big as a &s;mall Pine nut, hanging by a ba&s;e, le&s;&s;er than the other extreme, which of a little thing had grown to that bigne&s;s in one year. I tied it hard with a &s;tring for one day, and the next day I cut it off almo&s;t &s;tupefied, covered with a very thick skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> almo&s;t half an inch thick. It was cured as an Ulcer in 30 days.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. <HI>Philomenus</HI> in <HI>Aetius lib.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 108. held a &s;talk of wild Marjoram lighted at a Candle, to take away the Warts from his Wife's <HI>Vulva;</HI> yet not &s;o as to burn them, but that they might receive the &s;moak.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In the year 1629. <HI>P. de Marchettis</HI> cut a &s;cir|rhous &s;welling, ari&s;ing from Phlegm, from a Whore, as big as a Gourd, which grew to the upper part of the <HI>Os pubis,</HI> and covered her whole Privity, full of Malignant Pu&s;tules, ulcerated at the root. He &s;topt the Blood by Cauteries, applying Bole Ar|menick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius.</NOTE> Dragon's Blood, and the white of an Egg in Cotton.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Inflation of the Womb is be&s;t known by the Signs propo&s;ed by <HI>Fernelius.</HI> And when it is known, this experiment is excellent. Take a whole Nutmeg, not faulty, cut it into quarters, lay one of them upon coals, and let the Woman &s;tradling receive the fume by a Funnel into her Womb. For &s;o, if not at the fir&s;t time, certainly at the third or fourth, the Wind will bur&s;t out with a noi&s;e. In this manner I cured a young Woman at <HI>Biel,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartmannus.</NOTE> when all other Remedies had been tried in vain.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. In a Cancer of the Womb if common Anodynes be not &s;ufficient to a&s;&s;wage the mo&s;t cru|el pain, which &s;ometimes will give no re&s;t or &s;leep, we are often forced to have recour&s;e to Narco|ticks, which in this Di&s;ea&s;e, becau&s;e of the great heat of the Humours, are not &s;o hurtful. I knew a Woman who had a Cancer in her Brea&s;t, who e|very Night for 4 Months took 2 or 3 grains of <HI>Laudanum,</HI> without any harm, to her great com|fort.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius.</NOTE></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For a Cancer in the Womb.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A Cancer is cured by a &s;tuck Frog; which they call Glew of the Water: They tie a Frog to a &s;taff and expo&s;e it to the rayes of the Moon, that &s;o it may be reduced to its fir&s;t matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gremb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> in form like a Frog but looking like di&s;&s;olved Traga|canth.</P>
<P N="2">2. Oyl of Eggs much rubbed in a leaden Mortar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> till it grow thick is very good for a Cancer, that is not ulcerous.</P>
<P N="3">3. Take of Cows dung 4 pounds, herb <HI>Robert,</HI> Plantain, Hou&s;leek, Henbane, Pur&s;lain, Lettuce, En|dive each 1 handful, River Crabs N^o 12, Mix them all together. De&s;til them in a leaden Alembick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE> and make a frequent injection into the Womb.</P>
<P N="4">4. In a Cancer of the Womb this is commen|ded; Take of the Powder of Emerauld, Sapphire and Bezoar &s;tone each alike aequal parts. For 3 days let 3 or 4 grains be given in a little &s;cabious,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Senner<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> or <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> water.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For a Pain in the Womb.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Powder of Harts-horn given in warm wine is very good for a pain in the Womb.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Bry.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Nothing is better, when it comes from cold, than to take 2 &s;cruples of Ca&s;tor in Rheni&s;h wine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. For a pain in the Womb let 4 ounces of oyl of Sweet Almonds and 2 ounces of Sugar be drunk. It ea&s;es a woman of her Gripes. &para; A certain Wo|man applied fre&s;h Hor&s;emint heated and be-&s;prink|led with hot wine to the pained place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabelchove|rus.</NOTE> and the &s;ick party grew well.</P>
<P N="4">4. Lily root boyled in Oyl of Ro&s;es is very good for pains in the Womb, as I have often experien|ced. &para; This powder pre&s;ently takes away the pricking pain, which follows child-bearing; Take of the &s;eed of <HI>Ammi,</HI> Par&s;ly, Ginger, Caroway, Long Pepper each alike quantity, Sugar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Varignana.</NOTE> what is &s;ufficient. Mix them. Make a Powder. The do&s;e 1 &s;poonfull in Wine.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For a <HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> in the Womb.</HEAD>
<P>Take of Oyl of Ro&s;es, Honey of Ro&s;es, Wax each 1 ounce, Myrrhe, Litharge of Silver each 2 ounces. Make an Unguent. &para; This is an admira|ble and certain experiment, e&s;pecially if the di&s;ea&s;e ari&s;e from drine&s;s, to fill &s;ome linnen bags with Barly, to boyl them in water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rod. &agrave; C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;tro.</NOTE> and to hold them warm, with ones hands, and apply them to the fi&s;&s;ures for 9 dayes, or &s;ome Pap of flower and milk boyled together.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<HEAD>For a Grangrene in the Womb.</HEAD>
<P>This Empla&s;ter <HI>de tribus farinis</HI> is highly commended in this ca&s;e; Take of the flower of bitter Vetch, Beans, fir&s;t &s;teeped in Vinegar and dried, each 2 ounces. when they are powdered, add to them of <HI>Oxymel</HI> 1 pound. Let them boyl gently to the con&s;i&s;tency of pap. And if there be great putre|faction, add as much flower of lupines, of Salt 1 ounce, aloes, Ma&s;tiche, Myrrhe each one ounce and an half, root of round Birthwort powdered 1 ounce, <HI>aqua vitae</HI> 3 ounces. Mix them. It won|derfully hinders corruption,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Weikardus.</NOTE> putting always a lit|tle &s;ublimate between the &s;ound part and the corrupt: for this is of great u&s;e.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="subsection">
<PB N="654" REF="293">
<HEAD>For an Ulcer in the Womb.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. In a foul Ulcer this is a good Remedy, which is made of Eggs, Saffron, Oyl of Ro&s;es, Goo&s;e-grea&s;e and the marrow of a &s;tag.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;tus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. Empla&s;trum <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> without the <HI>Aerugo</HI> is ve|ry good again&s;t the Ulceration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aegineta.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">3. A fume made of &s;uch a Candle as this, and let into the Womb by a Pipe, to dry the Ulcer, &s;ucceeded well; Take of liquid <HI>Storax, Calaminth,</HI> Orrice each half an ounce, Cinnabar 1 ounce and an half, <HI>Ladanum</HI> 2 ounces, Coals of Willow 1 pound. Mix them. Make a powder, and with <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> make candles as long as ones finger, one of which will la&s;t an hour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">inia.</NOTE> &s;ending out a fume continual|ly.</P>
<P N="4">4. For a Foetid Ulcer of the Womb I have had certain experience of this Medicine; Take of red wine 1 pound, <HI>unguentum Aegyptiacum</HI> 2 ounces, let them boyl a little, &s;o the putrefaction is corrected, and the &s;tinking &s;mell of the Ulcer is taken away. &para; This is a &s;ingular Unguent; Take of burnt Lead wa&s;ht, prepared Tutty, Frankincen&s;e each half an ounce, powder them very fine; Then take Oyl of Ro&s;es, white Wax each 1 ounce, add of juice of Night-&s;hade 1 ounce.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vigierius.</NOTE> Mix them with a leaden Pe&s;til. Make an Unguent.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vulnera,</HI> or Wounds.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t not be too ha&s;tily clo&s;ed. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bal&s;ams mu&s;t not be indi&s;creetly applied. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of <HI>Empla&s;trum Sticticum. III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Vulnerary Potions may be u&s;ed? <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they be proper at all times and for all Per&s;ons? <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they mu&s;t be opened often or &s;eldom? <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the u&s;e of Tents be nece&s;&s;ary? <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes u&s;ele&s;s and hurtful. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>No number of days can be pre&s;cribed for dige&s;tion. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Repellents may be applied for fear of an Inflamma|tion? <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The bleeding mu&s;t be &s;uffered, to prevent Convul&s;ion. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be &s;topt with Cau&s;ticks? <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether wounded Per&s;ons may be Purged? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e and nature of Cicatrizers. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about &s;ewing up of Wounds. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The exci&s;ion of a &s;tony Callous. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A reduplicate Wound. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a contu&s;ed one. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wounds in the Neck mu&s;t be carefully handled. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narrow Wounds in the Hands and Feet mu&s;t be kept open. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>VVhether Injections be proper in Wounds of the Brea&s;t and of the <HI>Abdomen? XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wounds of the Joynts. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Coalition of di&s;&s;ected Tendons made by &s;uture. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They that reach to the Cavity of the <HI>Os frontis,</HI> are difficultly cured. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Wound of the Brea&s;t in the upper part, cured by making Inci&s;ion in the lower. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;&s;olving of Matter gathered in the Groin from a Wound in the <HI>Abdomen. XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cure of a Wound in the <HI>Ileon. XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The growing togeth<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r of di&s;&s;ected Tendons is po&s;&s;ible. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Wound of the internal jugular cured. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the crural Artery cured. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Diet is proper for wounded Per&s;ons? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine may be given? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vineger is <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">d for wounded Nerves. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Acids may be allowed? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> is good <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n pai<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ful Wounds. <HI>XXXV.</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Medicines.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. I Was called to the cure of a Maid who had re|ceived a wound with a great knife in her Arm; which being &s;ooner clo&s;ed with &s;ome Bal|&s;ame, than was nece&s;&s;ary, her Arm &s;welled won|derfully, and grew &s;o red and inflamed, that it al|ways &s;moaked, and pre&s;ently dried wet clothes, when they were applied to it: Yet it was cured, after the wound was opened again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Borellus. <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 25.</NOTE> becau&s;e the ex|trava&s;ated Blood had not been taken out, and then it was cured as common Wounds.</P>
<P N="2">II. Although Bal&s;ame be a mo&s;t commendable Medicine and approved of in wounds, yet it can|not &s;afely be applied to all wounds, and at all times. It is good in the &s;imple&s;t wounds and where no Symptome, as pain, fluxion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> concurrs; for &s;eeing it is a hot Medicine, it might cau&s;e many Symptomes: It is good al&s;o, where nothing extra|neous &s;ticks in the wound; for becau&s;e it is the fa|culty of Bal&s;ames to contract the Lips of the wound, and to ha&s;ten con&s;olidation, when any ex|traneous thing remains, pre&s;ently grievous Symp|tomes ari&s;e. In fle&s;hy parts therefore, clean&s;ing mu&s;t be expected, as al&s;o in contu&s;ed wounds di|ge&s;tion, &s;uppuration and clean&s;ing. Therefore Bal|&s;ame is neither good in the beginning nor in the encrea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> except the wound be &s;imple and in a fle&s;hy part.</P>
<P N="3">III. Among Empirical Medicines found out by the Moderns, e&s;pecially by the Germans, <HI>Empla|&s;trum Stipticum</HI> or <HI>Fodicationum</HI> is not in the meane&s;t place, than which &s;ome affirm there is nothing bet|ter extant <HI>in rerum natura,</HI> e&s;pecially <HI>Crollius.</HI> That it, as al&s;o <HI>Sticticum Paracel&s;i,</HI> is mo&s;t excellent, I do not que&s;tion: Only I &s;ay this, be&s;ides other mi&s;chiefs it often cau&s;es a &s;harp <HI>Ichor</HI> and a <HI>Meliceria;</HI> not that the Pla&s;ter of it &s;elf is the cau&s;e, but becau&s;e it is applied without rea&s;on: For when Surgeons u&s;e it from the very beginning in wounds of the Nervous parts to the end of the cure, they rai&s;e mo&s;t grievous Symptomes. &para; One received a wound in his Arm, where the axillary Vein and &s;ome Nerves were cut. He fell into the hands of an Empirick, who boa&s;ted, he would happily cure the wound with this Pla&s;ter only: It was quickly cicatri|zed indeed, but his Arm pre&s;ently &s;welled and grew painfull, and at length a Fever aro&s;e, then there was a new fluxion and Inflammation, and <HI>pus</HI> gather|ed within the wound and putrefied: And then it corroded and opened a Vein, which bled &s;o much, that the wounded man died. &para; A young man in a quarrel received a wound on the right &s;ide of his Back bone about the fourth <HI>vertebra:</HI> A barber-Surgeon would cure it with <HI>Empla&s;trum Sticticum,</HI> but quickly of a very broad wound it became a narrow <HI>fi&s;tula</HI> deep and exceeding painfull.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Some admit of vulnerary Potions, only in tho&s;e wounded parts, to which they can reach, as in the Gullet, Stomach, Guts, where, in a manner, they &s;erve in&s;tead of Applications; but in external parts they reject them. Fir&s;t, becau&s;e there is no mention of them in the Writings of the Ancients. Secondly, becau&s;e of their di&s;tance, they can never come to the Limbs and Head. Thirdly, becau&s;e, a|mong the Medicines whereof they are made, there are both hot and opening things, as Betony, Speed-well, <HI>Carduus Benedictus &amp;c.</HI> and a&s;tringent things, as Comfrey, Wintergreen, Hor&s;etail, Tormentil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;o that it is not evident, of what faculty they ought to con&s;i&s;t. Fourthly, becau&s;e mo&s;t of them are a&s;tringent, they will do more harm by ob&s;tructing the Bowels, than they can do good. Indeed it mu&s;t not be denied, that little m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ntion is made of the&s;e Medicines among the ancient Phy&s;icians; but this is not &s;ufficient to reject them, for the Mo|derns have found out many u&s;efull Medicines which were unknown to the Ancients. And though they do not touch the wound, as topical medicines do, yet they may reach to the wound by the Veins. Neither, becau&s;e of the a&s;tringent virtue, that &s;ome
<PB N="655" REF="293"> of them have, need we fear, that therefore we can|not reach to the out parts, or that they will breed ob&s;tructions in the inwards; for this inconvenience may be avoided by the mixture of other things with them, which have an opening vertue. Nor then, are the vertues of all Medicines to be e&s;teem|ed from the fir&s;t qualities or tho&s;e that depend up|on them, but from their &s;pecifick qualities, which Experience alone &s;ugge&s;ts. <Q>The&s;e Potions, &s;ayes <HI>Paraeus lib.</HI> 18. <HI>c.</HI> 28. though they do not purge noxious Humours by &s;tool, yet they are very ef|fectual in clean&s;ing of Ulcers, and pre&s;erving them from the filth of excrementitious Hu|mours, in purifying the Blood, and in clean|&s;ing it from all <HI>Ichores</HI> and impurities, in knitting broken bones and re&s;toring the Nerves to unity.</Q> And by and by. <Q>The&s;e Medicines by their ad|mirable and almo&s;t Divine vertue &s;o purge the Blood that by it, as by a fit and laudable matter, fle&s;h, or any other &s;ub&s;tance, that is lo&s;t, may rea|dily be re&s;tored, and the part recover its pri&s;tine unity. And the thing that the&s;e Medicines do, is, to wa&s;t the exceeding moi&s;ture of the Blood which is not &s;o fit for glutination; to afford good matter, for the generation of fle&s;h; and by moderate a&s;triction, to hinder any fluxion to the wounded part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></Q></P>
<P N="5">V. But although &s;uch Potions do wonders; yet great Symptomes, and e&s;pecially Drop&s;ies of the Limbs, do follow the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of a trauma|tick decoction. For &s;ince from &s;ome plants it has a great vertue of drying, binding, and aggluti|nating; and from others, and from the wine, which is its vehicle, of heating; It is evident, that it is then improper, when we &s;hould attend &s;uppu|ration and dige&s;tion, which is thereby hindred and kept back, moreover the Blood and Humours are heated, and pains and Inflammations ari&s;e. But when the wound is dige&s;ted and &s;uppurated &s;uffici|ently, and free from all Symptomes, when there is place for ab&s;ter&s;ion, mundification and con&s;olida|tion, then they become a good Medicine. It mu&s;t al&s;o be ob&s;erved, that becau&s;e they greatly bind and dry, they are very bad for &s;uch as are ill of ob|&s;tructions of the Bowels; for by the &s;ame virtue they retain the excrementitious Humours in the Bowels, hence Gripes, hypochondriack winds, and a thou&s;and other inconveniences ari&s;e: Wherefore the Body mu&s;t be prepared before the u&s;e of them.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Cae&s;ar Magatus l.</HI> 1. <HI>de vulner. c.</HI> 38. and <HI>Septalius</HI> following him <HI>l.</HI> 8. <HI>Animad. Med.</HI> di&s;approve of the old way of curing wounds, u&s;ed hitherto by all Phy&s;i|cians and Surgeons who every day, at lea&s;t once, do clean&s;e and wipe them, and when they have appli|ed new Medicines, bind them up again: And they blame <HI>Galen,</HI> that pa&s;&s;ing by the indication of mo&s;t moment, he was only intent upon the le&s;&s;er, that is, ab&s;ter&s;ion of the excrements and filth, the cau&s;e that breeds them being neglected, and all care of con&s;erving the temperament and innate heat of the part: Which, and the &s;trength of the part, if they be taken care of, they think there will be a far le&s;s increa&s;e of excrements. And they think the heat of it will be cheri&s;ht, and &s;trength will be added to it, if it be hindred from expiring, and its quality be pre&s;erved. Which they think they are able to obtain, by making up the defect of a natural covering with a Medicine analogous and familiar to the temper of the part; by means whereof the heat may be cheri&s;hed, and its quality may be hel|ped by its like. Whence they gather, that for to defend this heat, wounds mu&s;t be &s;eldom opened, le&s;t the ambient Air do hurt them. But, &s;ince the &s;ame Per&s;ons confe&s;s, that mo&s;t grievous wounds have been cured by the old way of cure, and they cannot deny, but this new one has only place in &s;imple wounds, and where the wounded party is of a good habit of Body, where great Ve&s;&s;els are not hurt, and the Nerves are whole: Be&s;ides, there are many wounds, by their own confe&s;&s;ion, which Nature is not able to cure, unle&s;s the impediments be removed by a Surgeon, as if the Body be Ca|cochymick, whence comes great &s;tore of excre|ments, which cau&s;e Pain, Corruption of the Part, Inflammation, Worms, proud fle&s;h and the like: Finally, &s;ince the exceptions exceed the rule, which very rarely allow the u&s;e of this new way, we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t upon the old one, approved for ma|ny ages.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Some reject the u&s;e of Tents in wounds. 1. Becau&s;e they need not be u&s;ed to keep open the orifice of the wound, when it is always open, whether the Phy&s;ician will or no; nor to make the Medicines &s;tick to the &s;ides of the wound, &s;eeing they may be &s;o melted, as conveniently to be dropt in. 2. They are trouble&s;ome to the part, therefore Nature alwayes endeavours to expell them. 3. They cau&s;e pains, whence come new fluxions. 4. when they are full with bad Hu|mours, they hurt the wounded part: And they hinder evacuation of the <HI>Pus,</HI> which being kept in, grows wor&s;e. 5. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> are &s;ilent concerning them. On the contrary they &s;eem ne|ce&s;&s;ary. 1. That the orifice of the Wound may be kept open, and that there may be a pa&s;&s;age for the <HI>Pus.</HI> 2. That the Medicines may touch the wound every way, and reach to the bottom. 3. That the upper part may be hindred from clo&s;ing before the bottom of the wound be filled. For a deci&s;ion, we mu&s;t know, that in wounds, which are &s;uperficiary, &s;treight, and that breed little <HI>pus,</HI> they are not nece&s;&s;ary, nor &s;hould the cure of the wound be retarded by putting them in: But if the wound be deep, oblique, and if much <HI>pus</HI> be bred, they are altogether nece&s;&s;ary, that a pa&s;&s;age may be kept open by them for the <HI>pus,</HI> and a way for Medicines to the in&s;ide of the wound, and that the orifice of the wound may not clo&s;e and heal up, before the inner and lowe&s;t part of it; which things if they be neglected, and <HI>pus</HI> and excrements be kept in the wound, they may be the cau&s;e of great pains and dangers. To the rea&s;ons, that de|ny them, you may reply. 1. That oftentimes wounds, according to the various po&s;ture of the Patient, when he was wounded, are anfractuous and oblique, &s;o that though the &s;ides and lips of the wounds be not then grown together, yet they &s;o touch and pre&s;s one upon another, that there is no pa&s;&s;age for the <HI>pus.</HI> And for the &s;ame rea&s;on Medicines cannot reach to the bottom. And fluid Medicines are not alwayes proper, &s;eeing they are ea&s;ily wa&s;hed off by the <HI>Sanies,</HI> and the thick and vi&s;cid, being laid on the tents, &s;tick longer and fa&s;ter to the wounded parts, and better exert their virtue. To the 2 and 3. If the tents be not over thick, nor pre&s;s and di&s;tend the part, there will be no trouble or pain or fear of fluxion. Again, if all things &s;hould be omitted that create pain, by the &s;ame rule &s;utures and &s;wathes, and bandages &s;hould be omitted. To the 4. when they are fouled with <HI>pus,</HI> take them out and put in new. To the 5, The u&s;e of them may be ga|thered from what <HI>Galen</HI> delivers concerning the cure of wounds. And as for them, who hold that the upper orifice of the wound is never clo&s;ed be|fore the lower part be healed, They may be op|po&s;ed by experience. <HI>Hildanus cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 7. recites two examples of wounds, who&s;e orifices were quickly healed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> the wound within being not yet healed, whereupon <HI>pus</HI> gathered within, and grie|vous evils aro&s;e from thence. &para; In all wounds, e&s;pecially tho&s;e made by inci&s;ion, the skin is ea&s;ily and quickly contracted at the beginning. 1. Be|cau&s;e it is Membranous. 2. Becau&s;e Nature en|deavours by the tegument of an ignoble part to defend the more noble Parts underneath from the injury of the Air. But fle&s;h cannot &s;o quickly heal up: for in the very wounds made by inci&s;ion
<PB N="656" REF="294"> there is a &s;ort of contu&s;ion, but brui&s;ed fle&s;h mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity putrefie and turn to <HI>pus,</HI> which cannot be done but in time. Therefore the skin of wounds, e&s;pecially of &s;uch as are made by inci&s;ion is contracted at the very fir&s;t, and the Humours, which run out of the wounded part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">danus.</NOTE> are retained, grow hot and &s;harp, and hence comes an efflux of Humours, cau&s;ing grievous Symptomes. &para; In cure|ing wounds made by a prick we mu&s;t make great account of Tents, and we mu&s;t ob&s;erve what <HI>Hilda|nus</HI> &s;ayes, that they mu&s;t not be &s;o thick as to fill the whole wound, but it is &s;ufficient that they fill about 3 parts of it towards the <HI>&s;uperficies,</HI> the 4th remaining empty, that the Lips be not extended. The depth al&s;o of the wound mu&s;t be &s;earched, and care mu&s;t be taken that the end of the tent do not touch or bear upon the bottom, e&s;pecially if a Nerve or any Nervous part be laid bare. There|fore they mu&s;t be made of the fine&s;t lint in form of a Pyramid, that they may only fill about the 4th part near the bottom, le&s;t the breeding of fle&s;h be hindred: For this cau&s;e, when the wound is dige&s;t|ed, the tents mu&s;t be &s;hortned a little every day. Tents are al&s;o made like a reed hollow through, either &s;o made with Pla&s;ters, or with an Iron plate tinned over, that the running out of <HI>pus</HI> may not be hindred,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hae&s;erus,</HI> Here. Med. l. <HI>5.</HI> c. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> even when the wound is not unbound. &para; And very narrow wounds, becau&s;e they do not receive a large Tent; and being &s;mall, becau&s;e it is flexible, it cannot reach to the bottom; there|fore they take a piece of Gold or Silver wire of a length according to the depth of the wound, and wrap it in lint anointed with &s;ome Ano|dyne, dige&s;tive oyntment, and put it into the wound.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Although Tents be of u&s;e, yet they are not alwayes nece&s;&s;ary, yea &s;ometimes hurtful. A Villain had given a young Woman &s;ix wounds, by pricking rather than cutting, in which this was pe|culiarly ob&s;erved, that &s;he could not bear Tents, when they were put in according to cu&s;tome: Which it was nece&s;&s;ary to take out at Night, un|le&s;s you would have wholly kept her from &s;leep, whereinto &s;he fell as &s;oon as they were taken out, and linnen clothes dipt in Spirit of Wine were on|ly applied outwardly, by benefit whereof before the twelfth day her wounds were both happily filled up with Fle&s;h, and firmly covered with skin. Hence I took occa&s;ion to admire the folly and mad|ne&s;s of &s;ome Men, who, that they may not be thought to do nothing, fill green wounds with great &s;tore of Tents, and &s;o they do not heal them, yea,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius, <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 22.</NOTE> the mutual contact being thus hindred they hinder the nece&s;&s;ary coalition.</P>
<P N="9">IX. I have &s;een no ordinary Surgeons, who have &s;et them&s;elves a certain time and number of dayes, to fini&s;h dige&s;tion: when which time has been o|ver, they have gone to mundifiers and ab&s;ter&s;ives, though the wound were not &s;ufficiently dige&s;ted and &s;uppurated, to the great inconvenience of their Patients: For dige&s;tion is not equally per|fected in all &s;ubjects, but in &s;ome &s;ooner, in others later. If therefore &s;uch things be made u&s;e of be|fore their time, they will irritate the wound with their acrimony, they will rai&s;e a new afflux of Humours, and &s;o will di&s;turb nature, that of a &s;im|ple wound it will become a cacoethick Ulcer. Therefore I happily proceed with dige&s;tives, and a&s;&s;wagers of pain, for the mo&s;t part to the end of the cure:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> By this means, not omitting Univer&s;als, I am &s;ecure from all Symptomes.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> when a wound is inflicted, u&s;es no re|pellents or repre&s;&s;ers, to hinder Inflammation, which Surgeons now adayes commonly u&s;e about the place that is hurt: but he cures it only by taking away Blood, averting the fluxion, and al&s;o by purging. Which at this day is done with good &s;ucce&s;s by the mo&s;t learned Surgeons, Repellents being utterly repul&s;ed, le&s;t the Heat of the hurt part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus <HI>in</HI> Cel&s;um. <HI>p.</HI> 200.</NOTE> which is Nature's (who is the Curer of Di|&s;ea&s;es) chief in&s;trument, &s;hould be weakned.</P>
<P N="11">XI. I have &s;een wounded Men after plentiful Bleeding, cured in a few dayes, without fear of Convul&s;ion. I &s;aw a certain Surgeon in the Camp, curing a young Man, who was wounded in his Shoulder, to who&s;e wound his Friends had imme|diately applied Linnen Clothes to &s;top the Blood, and he removed the Clothes immediately, while he was feeling, for I know not what with his Finger in the wound, in the mean time di&s;appointing his Friends, who complained of the large effu&s;ion of Blood, he let the Blood run as much as the Pati|ent could bear, without fainting, well knowing, that thereby he rendred him &s;afe from Convul&s;ion, and about 8 dayes afterwards I &s;aw him walking about a Room. I would have the Ma&s;ters of Wounds to know this,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. Bene|dictus.</NOTE> that they may take away Blood, if it cannot be had conveniently from the wound.</P>
<P N="12">XII. If the bleeding of wounds do not &s;top with Medicines, &s;ome u&s;e Cau&s;ticks, and thereby clo&s;e up the orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els; but this is no &s;afe way. Becau&s;e how much of the part is burnt into a Scab, &s;o much natural fle&s;h goes off the Part in a Scab, and then the orifice of the Ve&s;&s;els is left open again and de&s;titute of Fle&s;h, and often a new Haemorrhagy, which cannot ea&s;ily be &s;topt, is rai|&s;ed. Of the&s;e Medicines they may the &s;afelie&s;t be u&s;ed, which being burnt have got a Cau&s;tick vir|tue, and not burnt have a very a&s;tringent one, but little burning: &s;uch a Medicine is crude Vitriol, which &s;ome &s;tr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">w crude in powder on wounds, o|thers di&s;&s;olve it in water, and wet Linnen Clothes in it, and apply them to the wound: And Vitriol e&s;pecially either in powder, or di&s;&s;olved in &s;ome convenient liquor, is good in wounds, when the orifice of a Ve&s;&s;el can be &s;topt neither by compre&s;|&s;ion with the Finger, nor with the fu&s;s-ball, called <HI>crepitus Lupi:</HI> and vitriol, di&s;&s;olved e&s;pecially in Li|quor, does penetrate the hurt Ve&s;&s;el. But we mu&s;t have a care that the Nerves, if any be there, be not hurt: therefore in deep wounds, if there be Nerves, other things of the like virtue,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> mu&s;t ra|ther be injected.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Some are again&s;t Purging in Wounds, and they fear le&s;t the Humours, being di&s;turbed there|by, &s;hould flow more to the wounded part. But <HI>Hippocrates l. de affect. de fract. c.</HI> 48, and <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>Meth.</HI> 4. and 6. approve of it. And Rea&s;on per&s;wades it; for if hot, thin, and bilious Humours abound in the Body, they fit the Blood for motion, they ea|&s;ily grow hot with pain and waking, and give oc|ca&s;ion to a Fever; and &s;uch Humours e&s;pecially mu&s;t be Purged, and it mu&s;t be done at the begin|ning before a fluxion of Humours, and the coming on of the Fever. But if the Fever be come, you annot conveniently, or certainly not without dan|ger, give a Purge. And we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from hot Purgers, le&s;t a flux of Humours be rai&s;ed, and they &s;hould di&s;po&s;e the part to Inflammation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> <HI>Man|na,</HI> Syrup of Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are &s;ufficient.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. For making a Cicatrice, dry Powders are u&s;ed without any preceding humidity, both be|cau&s;e we would dry, and becau&s;e the Powder &s;ticks well enough to the parts; for the parts that are not covered with skin, are ever moi&s;t, and that Moi&s;ture retains the powder, that is &s;trewed on it, well enough. And <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> Powders (which are truly and properly Epulotick) are made of things, that bind, clo&s;e and cond<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n&s;ate the fle&s;h, and harden and dry it like a <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">lus,</HI> &s;uch are the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ark of Frankincen&s;e tree, rind of Pomeg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e, Galls, burnt Oy&s;ter &s;hells, and burnt Coral. Al&s;o Myrrh, Litharge, <HI>Diphryges,</HI> burn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">per, burnt Alume, Vi|triol and other things which wa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t and eat the fle&s;h, if they be powdered exactly fine, and be only laid on the part affected with a gentle touch of the end of a Probe, for if one &s;hould u&s;e them in a
<PB N="657" REF="294"> greater quantity or cour&s;er, they would bite, and wa&s;te the fle&s;h, and hollow the Ulcer: And here we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, that <HI>aes u&s;tum, &s;quamma aeris,</HI> and <HI>flos aeris</HI> mu&s;t be wa&s;ht, to cau&s;e a cicatrice, that they may lo&s;e &s;ome of their cau&s;tick faculty, and may be a more Epulotick Medicine: And you may u&s;e &s;uch Medicines in dry bodies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE> and parts that are not very &s;en&s;ible.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Sowing mu&s;t not be u&s;ed, before the wound be well cleaned within, as <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 26. &s;ayes, namely, that no concrete Blood may be left there, for that would turn to <HI>Pus,</HI> cau&s;e Inflam|mation and hinder the clo&s;ings of the wound. I &s;ay it is not &s;o well to &s;ow up the wound pre&s;ently as &s;oon as they look on it, as mo&s;t Surgeons com|monly do. But this inconvenience of grumous Blood happens mo&s;t in venous places, and not &s;o much in others. 2. But that the wound, when it is &s;owed up, may di&s;charge its nece&s;&s;ary <HI>&s;anies</HI> dayly, many put in a tent above and below, a thing which is contrary to &s;owing, and is inconvenient to beauty. 3. We mu&s;t lay a &s;mall thread made of clean Cotton dipt in Honey of Ro&s;es, or in &s;ome other vulnerary liquor, half way in all along the wound, then we mu&s;t pa&s;s a needle and a thread through the Skin, over this, and make a knot, and &s;o do as often as there is need of any more Su|ture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. A Boy was cut for the Stone, and the wound could not be healed; for the edges of it were a callous &s;tone, the Urine being voided that way. Therefore the cru&s;ty Lips were made bloody again by the indu&s;try of another Surgeon, and when the &s;tony edges were cut off,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Kentmannus</HI> de Calculis, c. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> it after|wards clo&s;ed up well, and the Urine came by the proper pa&s;&s;age.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Sometimes it chances, that a Wound is re|duplicate: Now I call it a reduplication of the Wound, when there is only one Wound in the Skin, and two in the Mu&s;cles, or which I remem|ber I have &s;een, three. This reduplication hap|pens, either becau&s;e of the tremulous hand that in|flicts the wound, or becau&s;e of the motion and agi|tation of the Wounded per&s;on: Such wounds are dangerous, if the Surgeon be either ignorant or negligent. A Fencing-Ma&s;ter going to part two Noble Men, who were quarrelling, was run with a &s;harp Sword into the left Arm: When the bleed|ing was &s;topt, at the per&s;wa&s;ion of his friends he only u&s;ed a Traumatick Decoction. At fir&s;t the cure &s;ucceeded as well as he could wi&s;h: But a|bout the third day an Inflammation aro&s;e, violent pain, a Fever, reaching to Vomit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Wherefore, when I was called to his a&s;&s;i&s;tance, I found all his Hand and Arm &s;welled, the mu&s;cles al&s;o of his brea&s;t Sympathizing: Having put in my probe, I found a wound a &s;pan long reaching towards his elbow, and treated it according to Art. But after &s;everal dayes, when the Symptomes did not abate, I reckoned, there mu&s;t &s;omething more there than yet I knew, be in it; therefore I &s;earch the wound again with a &s;ilver probe, and I find a <HI>Sinus</HI> (but not of the &s;ame depth) reaching from under the cephalick vein toward the Median. In the <HI>Superficies</HI> there|fore there was only one wound, but in the Mu&s;cles there were two. Therefore when I had di&s;cover|ed this wound, I put a tent into it anoynted with a proper unguent, I anointed the Arm, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and I happily fini&s;hed the cure with Sarcoticks and Epu|loticks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eil<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">anus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. A lu&s;ty Man of Seventy had received a contu&s;ed wound with a Club, on the upper part of his Shoulder, with bitter pain, and lividne&s;s of the Part. A Vein was immediately opened and <HI>Empla&s;trum de Cumino</HI> applied, the next day he took a gentle Purge: The pain per&s;evering, the part was frequently anointed with oyl of Wax warm, applying the fore&s;aid Pla&s;ter upon it, and &s;o with|in Twenty four hours his pain was gone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riverius. <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 19.</NOTE> and the part came to its colour.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. If the Wounds in the neck be made by a Thru&s;t, and do not cau&s;e pre&s;ent death, this is a &s;ign the jugular Veins and Carotid Arteries are not hurt, therefore we mu&s;t take great care, that we hurt them not. For though they do not go all over the neck, yet a long and thick Tent mu&s;t not be put in, but a very &s;hort one, which may go no deeper than the Skin, which at the beginning mu&s;t be dipt in the white of an Egg, applying a double linnen cloath all over the neck, &s;pread with the white of an Egg, bole Armenick and dragon's Blood: then take away a little Blood, and give a gentle Purge the next day, after which for 2 dayes the Remedies applied to the wounded part mu&s;t not be changed, becau&s;e mo&s;t u&s;ually the linnen cloth will &s;erve, &s;pread every day with the white of an Egg and the afore&s;aid powders. The Diet mu&s;t be only Barly Pti&s;an twice a day: His Drink, Barly-Water in a &s;mall quantity. But if afterwards there be any &s;ear of Inflammation, you may bleed in the other Arm in a due quantity: And if Pain be violent, and the &s;trength will permit, Cupping with &s;carifying mu&s;t be u&s;ed. For the breeding of <HI>Pus</HI> mu&s;t be hindred with all our Power and Skill, as it corrodes the Veins and Arteries with immi|nent danger of death, as I have ob&s;erved in &s;ome, that have been ill treated by un&s;kilfull hands, while they thru&s;t very long Tents, whereby much <HI>Pus</HI> was gathered, which con&s;umed the Veins and Arteries, and was the cau&s;e of Death, &s;o that there|fore after 2 or 3 days I remove that &s;hort Tent, and then &s;pread the Linnen cloth with Pla&s;ter of Ceru&s;s, repeating another in the like manner doubled the &s;ame way and &s;pread with the white of an Egg and the fore&s;aid Powders, with which in the &s;pace of 10 dayes at mo&s;t I u&s;e to cure the&s;e wounds; Yet always ob&s;erving a very thin Diet, le&s;t the Humours flow to the wounded part, and being converted into purulent Matter, do e|rode the Ve&s;&s;els. But if the Wound go quite through the Neck, I u&s;e the &s;ame Method, that is, I put a very &s;hort Tent on either &s;ide, in the &s;ame manner, as I de&s;cribed before. You mu&s;t remem|ber al&s;o, that you mu&s;t never &s;earch the&s;e Wounds with a probe, le&s;t, as it may ea&s;ily happen, you break a Vein or Artery, to the hazard of life. By which Method I have cured many;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marcherii, <HI>O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;.</HI> 37.</NOTE> moreover I have &s;een many dy, who have been treated in a Method different from mine.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Felix Wertzius</HI> in Wounds of the fingers and hands di&s;approves of Tents without di&s;tinction. How erroneous and dangerous this opinion is, I will declare by the following example. A Mer|chant of <HI>Collen</HI> &s;truck the needle of the ballance into his hand, he pre&s;ently went to no Surgeon, nor kept he the wound open with a Tent. The <HI>Superficies</HI> of the wound therefore being clo&s;ed, the pain encrea&s;ed about the fourth day, then came a flux of Humours, a Fever and an Inflammation, &s;o that his hand was exulcerated in &s;everal places, and was not without a great deal of difficulty cured. &para; <HI>D. N.</HI> prickt the Palm of his hand with a penknife, and no tents being put in, by rea&s;on of the narrow|ne&s;s of the wound, &s;uch Symptomes followed, that he was in danger of his life. &para; A Country fellow prickt the top of his fore-finger with a thorn, the <HI>Superficies</HI> of the wound quickly healed; but <HI>Pus</HI> ga|thered about the nervous parts, hence came Pain, Inflammation, and a Gangrgne, when his finger was cut off at the root he was well. &para; A Country-man run a Thorn into his Ankle, and the Prick being too &s;oon clo&s;ed, there followed Pain, Inflammation, Gangrene, and a <HI>Sphacelus</HI> of the whole Leg, which,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hildanus,</HI> Cent. <HI>4.</HI> Ob&s;. Ja.</NOTE> when he refu&s;ed to let it be cut off, he died in a few dayes.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. In all wounds of the Brea&s;t or lower belly, we mu&s;t altogether ab&s;tain from injections with a
<PB N="658" REF="295"> Syringe for &s;omething might get into the hollow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and there rai&s;e grievous Symptomes, to the hazard of the Patient. &para; Yet <HI>Scultetus</HI> u&s;ed them &s;ucce&s;sfully in wounds of the Brea&s;t, as appears from <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 50. both for &s;topping of Blood, and &s;trengthning the thora|cick Parts.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. A certain Liquor runs out of the wounds of the Joynts either ill treated, or ill-conditioned of them&s;elves, which <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> calls <HI>Ichor</HI> and <HI>Meliceria,</HI> which renders the Cure very difficult: And it pro|ceeds from the &s;uperfluous Nutriment, which Na|ture has de&s;tined to the Bones: This therefore mu&s;t be &s;trongly dried up, le&s;t it cau&s;e Putrefaction in the Parts adjoyning, and <HI>caries</HI> and holes in the Bones. <HI>Fabricius Hildanus</HI> will have it, that a Flux of this water never appears, except the Surgeon or the Patient have erred. Therefore it cannot be thought, that it always proceeds from &s;uperfluous Aliment, as &s;uch, or left to it &s;elf, but from a corro&s;ive, &s;e|rous, ichorous humor, into which even the Nutri|ment turns, when con&s;olidation is hindred, but not therefore, becau&s;e that runs out which &s;hould &s;tay within, that is, the Aliment, but becau&s;e that pre|terfluent water corrodes and exulcerates the cir|cumjacent Parts, and the clammy humor, which is naturally in the Joynts. When therefore we find &s;uch an humor in wounds of the Joynts, we mu&s;t endeavour to avert it by all means, by Purging the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rus.</NOTE> opening a Vein, and regulating the Diet; which mo&s;t Surgeons neglect.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. A Surgeon of <HI>Orleans</HI> told me not long &s;ince that he cured an Apparitor of a wound in his Ham, by which the Tendons, that bended the Ham, were quite cut in &s;under: And he went about the Cure in this manner, He ordered his Patient to bend his Knee, then he &s;owed the ends of the cut Ten|dons one to another, and then he kept the Limb in that po&s;ture, and treated it with that Skill, that at length the wound was brought to a Cicatrice, the Patient not halting at all. A fact truly memo|rable,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus, <HI>l.</HI> 24. <HI>c.</HI> 19.</NOTE> and carefully to be imitated by a young Surgeon.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Between the two <HI>laminae</HI> of the <HI>Calvaria,</HI> above the Eyes, there is a Cavity in &s;ome very &s;mall, in others large: Wounds that reach to the&s;e Cavi|ties are difficultly cured, and often turn to <HI>Fi&s;tulaes</HI> and caco&euml;thick Ulcers; for a Matter is gathered in them (unle&s;s the Surgeon be careful and skilful), which, if it contract Putrefaction, corrupts the Bones and Cartilages. The wounds of the&s;e Cavi|ties have &s;o near affinity with the Eyes, that I have &s;een the purulent Matter, which falls from the wound to the&s;e Cavities, and there putrefies, ac|quires acrimony,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> lodge in the <HI>Membrana adnata,</HI> and turn the Eyes out of their Orbits.</P>
<P>(See Wounds of the Head, BOOK III.)</P>
<P N="25">XXV. A Soldier had a Ponyard &s;truck into his Shoulder near his Collar-Bone. The Surgeon, when he drew out the Ponyard, and ob&s;erved concrete Blood, and con&s;idered that the wound had reached the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, he pitched upon Inci&s;ion between the third and fourth Rib, and learnedly in|deed:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amatus Lu|&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tanus, <HI>Cent.</HI> 2. <HI>Cur.</HI> 25.</NOTE> for Blood very much concrete was contained in the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, which by making a new Inci&s;ion in the Brea&s;t was got out thereby, and the Patient was cured in 40 days.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. We know, and Experience al&s;o te&s;tifies, that Blood and <HI>Sanies</HI> run from the wounds of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> into the Cavity of it, and often fall into the Groin, wherefore we u&s;e to rub the Groin, and apply Pla&s;ters to it, that the Matter gathered there may be di&s;&s;olved, di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, and &s;o be in&s;en&s;ibly evacuated. For one wounded in his left <HI>Hypochon|d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ium</HI> was cured by a Barber-Surgeon, internally only, no outward things being applied, but in the beginning. The Wound indeed healed, but Matter gathered in his left Groin. The Shaver neglects this, and &s;ends the wounded man away, as if he had been perfectly cured. But after he had under|gone a great deal of trouble, the wound opened of it &s;elf, and it run variety of Matter: which being healed, greater &s;tore of Matter was again gathered about the Groin, and &s;welling, pain and ten&s;ion was cau&s;ed there, with difficulty of Breathing, &s;trait|ne&s;s of Brea&s;t, and &s;ometimes a &s;mall Swooning. I give a Decoction of the Wood and vulnerary Herbs, and then I apply emollient, di&s;&s;olving and di&s;cutient Oyls and Pla&s;ters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ph. Salmuth, <HI>Cent.</HI> 3. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 84.</NOTE> by the diligent u&s;e whereof, he was at length re&s;tored to perfect health.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A Tailor gave his Wife a wound with a Knife in the right <HI>Hypochondrium</HI> above the <HI>Os Ileon,</HI> in the Night. The wound was bound up; in the Morning, when the Surgeon took off the Pla&s;ter, her ordure followed; the wound being dilated, the Gut <HI>Ileum</HI> appeared hurt. I had a mind to make trial in a de&s;perate ca&s;e, I order the Gut to be care|fully &s;owed to the Skin, and a &s;lice of fre&s;h fat Pork being put between, &s;o as there might be pa&s;|&s;age for the Excrements, I order the Skin to be clo&s;ed, I pre&s;cribe vulnerary Potions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Maiquan|quez, <HI>mi&s;c. cu. ann.</HI> 72. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 176.</NOTE> by which &s;he was cured to a Miracle, and within a few years &s;he was brought to bed of two Children.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. I know, many think the coale&s;cence of fibres is fabulous, who yet are either ignorant of Surgery, or have never made trial of a thing which it is not difficult to do. <HI>Gab. Ferrara Ob&s;erv. Chirurg. l.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 17. &s;hews the way how to &s;ow great Nerves (perhaps he means Tendons) Mr. <HI>Galthier</HI> Surgeon to the Count <HI>de Rabatta,</HI> General of the Imperial Ar|my, 1667. told me that two Per&s;ons had the Ten|dons which bend the wri&s;t, and one of tho&s;e which bend the Leg, cut in &s;under, who, when the Ten|dons were artificially &s;owed, did recover their perfect Motion, and the way may be ea&s;ily learned in Dogs. Not long &s;ince &s;ome Students in Surgery in this place tried it, they took a Dog, and cut the great Tendon a&s;under, which moved his left Leg, they took hold of it with a pair of Pincers, and in the Method delivered by <HI>Ferrara,</HI> they accurately joyned the ends of the Tendon, that were cut, with a &s;ingle thread, which grew together again, without any Bal&s;ames or Pla&s;ters, only by the Dog's licking of it, and he runs without any Impediment,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wepferus,</HI> de Cicuta Aquat.</NOTE> only in the place, where it was cut, one may feel a knot, like a <HI>Ganglion.</HI></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. A Gentleman of about 35 years of Age was wounded with a Rapier on the right &s;ide of the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria</HI> into the internal Jugular, through his Neck, it pa&s;&s;ing out below the la&s;t <HI>Vertebra.</HI> The Wound was &s;mall, yet bled with a full &s;tream, A Servant &s;topt it with his Fingers, whil'&s;t I made Dre&s;&s;ings ready of our common A&s;tringent Powders with the White of an Egg and a little Vinegar, &s;pred upon a Pledgit of Lint, and an Empla&s;ter of the &s;ame, with Compre&s;s and &s;uch Bandage as it would bear. The Wound behind bled, when that before was dre&s;s'd. I applied the &s;aid Medicaments to that, and cau&s;ed them to be held clo&s;e till they were dried on. Then we put him to Bed, and kept him cool &amp; quiet. I u&s;ed all my endeavors for the con|temperating his Blood, as is u&s;ual in &s;uch ca&s;es, and dre&s;t him but once in 4 or 5 days, unle&s;s I were nece&s;&s;itated by the bur&s;ting out of the Blood: yet he bled at times about 16 or 17 days. His Wound by the <HI>Vertebra</HI> of the Neck healed in few dayes;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wi&s;eman's Surgery, <HI>p.</HI> 354.</NOTE> and the other near the <HI>A&s;pera Arteria</HI> was cured by this way of Agglutination the 19th or 20th day.</P>
<P>(For Wounds of the <HI>Arteries</HI> &s;ee <HI>Aneuri&s;ma,</HI> BOOK I.)</P>
<P N="30">XXX. <HI>N.</HI> 17 years of Age, of a cholerick Com|plexion was &s;hot with a &s;ingle Bullet in the right Thigh, eight inches from the Groin, and reaching to the oppo&s;ite &s;ide. The Parts were much torn, e&s;pecially the greater Artery, whence followed an
<PB N="659" REF="295"> Haemorrhage of Arterious Blood. <HI>Signior John Trul|lus</HI> being called, found the Wound taken care of by a Barber-Surgeon, and therefore meddled not with it till the next day, when coming, and loo&s;ing the Bandage, the bleeding was &s;topt, he finds the Parts very much red and &s;welled, &s;o that the Pul&s;ation lifted up both the hands, when laid on the &s;welling, wherefore he pre&s;ently &s;u&s;pected, &s;ome Artery was wounded. Cooling and A&s;tringent things were applied, he was kept quiet, the Wound was not touched for &s;everal dayes, though &s;ometimes 3 or 4 Ounces of Blood would &s;tart out of it &s;elf, and pre|&s;ently &s;top again. Yet in dre&s;&s;ing there were &s;till the &s;ame Swelling and Pul&s;ation, the Fever as well as the Pul&s;ation encrea&s;ing daily. Many were called to his a&s;&s;i&s;tance, but the greater part left the bu&s;ine&s;s to Time and Nature, except Signior <HI>Trullus,</HI> who advi&s;ed the laying of the Wound open, for to find the Artery; which opinion the re&s;t rejected. There|fore applying the &s;ame Medicines again, the Wound was bound up, and they deferred the dre&s;&s;ing it, till the Seventeenth day, and then we declared with unanimous con&s;ent, that the cour&s;e mu&s;t not be altered: Thus the Blood &s;topt for 13 dayes, after which it bled as it u&s;ed, and &s;topt again of it &s;elf. On the 30th day the Wound was dre&s;&s;ed, and we found the Swelling &s;oftned, which we were in hopes would &s;uppurate, and when &s;uppuration was made, that fle&s;h would be regenerated, and that the wounded Ve&s;&s;el would (as it u&s;ually is) be clo&s;ed up by it; but our Expectation failed us: And when his &s;trength decayed daily, when his Fever grew higher, and his Body wa&s;ted, we then placed all our hopes in dilatation of the Wound, that the Artery might either be &s;owed, or tied or cauterized, and the Blood might &s;ome way or other be &s;topt. All things being in readine&s;s for a work of &s;o difficult a Nature, we go about it. The Artery about the Groin being found with the touch of the Finger, we follow it below the Groin, tying a hard <HI>Splenium</HI> upon it, with a &s;trong Ligature, and we bind the Thigh after the manner of them, that go about the cutting off a Limb, that the Ve&s;&s;el being &s;traitned by the pre&s;&s;ure, might bleed the le&s;s in the opera|tion: Then we marked the place to be laid open, with ink, and the &s;aid <HI>Trullus</HI> cut it, when it was marked, and pre&s;ently a va&s;t quantity of grumous Blood appeared, at lea&s;t Six pounds in weight, which I took away, be&s;ides abundance of Arterious Blood, which &s;prung afre&s;h from the Artery, and, when the grumous Blood was removed, &s;howed us the way to the Artery, which being found, the Blood was &s;topt by a &s;trong pre&s;&s;ure of the Finger. <HI>Trullus</HI> violently compre&s;&s;ing the Groin, and we had the Artery in view, which I &s;eparated from the adjoyning Vein, and tied it fir&s;t above and then below; u&s;ing the &s;ame cautions which are u&s;ed in <HI>Varices:</HI> It was torn two parts in three, only one remaining whole, which the next day after a Liga|ture was cut in &s;under, le&s;t the part &s;hould be con|tracted, before it putrefied, the re&s;t of the Cure was performed like a &s;imple Wound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> and perfectly com|pleat in &s;ix Weeks.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. An exceeding &s;pare Diet is proper for Wounds in general, concerning which <HI>Hippocrates lib. de</HI> Aft. <HI>n.</HI> 37. &s;aid, <HI>Afflict the wounded with hunger,</HI> &s;ays <HI>Cornarius.</HI> But take good notice, the Man means not that all wounded Per&s;ons &s;hould be kept with a like low Diet, but according to the mea&s;ure of the wound, and the danger of Inflammation; that is, a &s;parer Diet mu&s;t be given to a greater hurt, and a more plentiful to a le&s;&s;er; therefore Fa&s;ting, if it can &s;o be, is mo&s;t proper for Wounds, that are mo&s;t in danger of Inflammation and Death: VVhich danger as it is le&s;s incident, we may augment the Food, and as &s;ecurity proceeds, we may proceed with a fuller Diet. Wherefore the Diet of the wounded has no &s;mall Latitude, to which the Indul|gence of the Phy&s;ician, I &s;hould rather &s;ay the Pru|dence, &s;hould give Licence. But now, when a man would pre&s;cribe the mea&s;ure of a very thin, or a very full, or middling Diet, he mu&s;t above all things con&s;ider the Times: For if a Man be to be cured in the beginning, <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> will quickly tell you <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 16. that hunger and thir&s;t are requi&s;ite; Nor let any man contradict it, that <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;pake of &s;uch things, as mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in acute Di&s;ea&s;es: For Wounds, if they be grievous ones, are much of the &s;ame Nature; by a good token, that <HI>Hippocrates de Fract.</HI> &s;ays, they are wor&s;e on Critical odd dayes, like acute Di&s;ea&s;es. Another thing al&s;o &s;hows it, that after great wounds, a man is quickly and ea&s;ily ca&s;t into acute Di&s;ea&s;es, as an acute Fever, Phren&s;y, Pleuri&s;ie, Stone, Convul&s;ion, and Inflammation of the Parts. It is meet therefore, that there be a like form of Diet in both, though there be a different rea&s;on for the u&s;e in them: for indeed in Acute Di|&s;ea&s;es, properly &s;o called, we u&s;e a thin Diet, le&s;t coction of the peccant humor be hindred, and le&s;t the work of Nature, who be&s;tows her &s;elf therein, &s;hould be hindred: But Ab&s;tinence is approved of in Wounds, le&s;t humors &s;hould gather and cau&s;e In|flammation, or Pain, and &s;ometimes effu&s;ion of Blood, if the ca&s;e will &s;uffer it. There have been, and are, &s;everal of a contrary opinion, who main|tain, that they that are weakned, and have &s;uffered effu&s;ion of Blood, mu&s;t be &s;trengthned with food, and not further weakned with Ab&s;tinence. And we do not di&s;&s;ent from them, when Patients &s;tand in need of refection of their &s;trength; not being unmindful, that, when the Strength is good, Na|ture does all things, which conduce to Health: but we would only have it con&s;idered, what <HI>Galen Comm.</HI> 1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 4. &s;aid, <Q>It &s;eldom &s;o happens, that we encrea&s;e the Strength, which we find in Sick Per&s;ons, but almo&s;t always vve do our endeavour indeed to retain and maintain it in long Di&s;ea&s;es, only in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es we keep it a little low, for if in the&s;e we &s;hould contrive, always to keep it as we find it, or to encrea&s;e it, without doubt we &s;hould encrea&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e.</Q> But, as we &s;howed before, Wounds do both an&s;wer to acute Di&s;ea&s;es, and often end in acute Di&s;ea&s;es. Farewel therefore the Opinion of tho&s;e Men,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severinus.</NOTE> who will have healthy Mens Diet given to the Sick.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. And there are &s;ome who will allow Wine to wounded Men, which yet <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 1. <HI>C.</HI> 26. condemns, <Q>Wine is hurtful to all, while there is a Fever, and while there is an Inflammation, and even till the cicatrice, if Nerves, or Ribs, or Mu&s;cles be wounded: Though, if a deep wound in the fle&s;h, or a &s;light one in the skin, be of a &s;afe Nature, it may be given, &s;o it be not very old, and given moderately it helps to fill up.</Q> But the drinking of &s;trong Wine who in his wits would allow? If I may not call it Poy&s;on, <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 26. has &s;aid in expre&s;s terms it is very hurtful. And <HI>Galen m. m. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c. ult.</HI> writes, that an old Epigram &s;ays, Wine has the force of Fire; wherefore what more unadvi&s;ed could be done, than to give them Wine, in whom it &s;hould be our greate&s;t care, and &s;tudy to prevent a Fluxion of humors and an Inflammation? Let Wounds there|fore be treated without VVine, without Fle&s;h, and Eggs, and in &s;hort, without the&s;e or any other Meats, which breed Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and are of much and &s;trong Aliment.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. If the Nerves be wounded, they mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Vinegar and Acids: for, be&s;ides that rea&s;on tells us, that it wounds and vellicates the Nerves, and that in penetration it exceeds mo&s;t things, &s;everal in&s;tances have al&s;o taught us, that Nerves which are not wounded, but are other|wi&s;e affected, are hurt by Vinegar, which I found by Experience in a Sicilian Notary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and in &s;everal others.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. But all Acids &s;hould not be excluded, &s;uch as &s;ingularly check the violence of the Bile,
<PB N="660" REF="296"> that mo&s;t naturally irritates and troubles the wounded Parts. And therefore &s;everal of the Lear|ned do order Bread and Meat to be prepared with juice of Citron, Lemon, Verjuice, &s;owre Pome|granates, and other &s;owre things; but the ca&s;e is otherwi&s;e in Vinegar, which, becau&s;e, it is very penetrable,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> may vellicate and make the place &s;mart with its &s;owrene&s;s, and &s;o do more hurt.</P>
<P N="30"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mayerne,</HI> Tract. de Laudane, <HI>M. S.</HI></NOTE>XXX. <HI>Laudanum</HI> given in painful Wounds, re&s;tores Nature by cau&s;ing gentle re&s;t, and &s;trengthens her faculties, and accelerates her Operations, Suppura|tion, Deter&s;ion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. Green leaves of Tobacco are good, applied to all Wounds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Balde.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">2. There is an admirable <HI>Arcanum</HI> made of Crab's-Eyes, which renews, Purges and clean&s;es all that is contrary to Nature, which it wonderfully expells and thru&s;ts out by the Wound. It is made in this manner, Crab's-Eyes are di&s;&s;olved in E&s;&s;ence or Spirit of Wine for a Month in <HI>Balneo Mariae.</HI> After|wards they mu&s;t be de&s;tilled in an open fire Sixteen times, always pouring back what is de&s;tilled upon the <HI>faces.</HI> La&s;t of all, the e&s;&s;ence of the Wine is drawn 6 times from the Oyl in <HI>Balneo Mariae,</HI> by co|hobation, then you have an <HI>Arcanum,</HI> 1 Scruple where|of with a Drachm of Treacle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bo&euml;tius de Boot.</NOTE> and a few Ounces of Fumitory water, given Morning and Evening, per|forms what is &s;aid and more.</P>
<P N="3">3. Oyl of Cloves makes Wounds, that if it be put in pre&s;ently, their pain immediately cea&s;es with|out Inflammation, and it brings &s;ordid Ulcers to a Cicatrice,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato.</NOTE> and clean&s;es them; it &s;tops Blood, no|thing more.</P>
<P N="4">4. For healing of Wounds u&s;e this Bal&s;ame; Take of the Decoction of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda</HI> in White Wine 1 Pound, common Oyl, red Oyl of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-<HI>wort</HI> 1 Pound, <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentine half a Pound, juice of Comfrey root 6 Pounds. Mix them, and boyl them, to a con&s;umption of the Decoction and Juice, till they be of a con&s;i&s;tence of a Bal&s;ame, wherewith if you anoint Wounds, you will bring them to a Ci|catrice in a &s;hort time. &para; <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> is very effe|ctual to &s;top Blood, e&s;pecially that which is made of red hot Steel quenched in Vinegar, till it turn into ru&s;t, or a red Powder; which Powder dige|&s;ted in Vinegar, till the Vinegar be coloured, and then the Vinegar evaporated, it leaves a &s;oft &s;ub|&s;tance in the bottom of the Alembick; this Liquor mixt with Bean-flower or Bole-Armenick, makes an effectual Pla&s;ter to &s;top Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Pet. Faber.</NOTE> &para; The <HI>Terra mortua</HI> or <HI>Caput mortuum</HI> of Vitriol quickly &s;tops all Haemor|rhagies internal and external, externally it is mixt with the whites of Eggs, internally half a Drachm of it is given with Juice of Sowre Pomegranate, or of Lemons.</P>
<P N="5">5. I make a mo&s;t excellent Bal&s;ame only of Tur|pentine and Gum <HI>Elemi,</HI> the Preparation whereof is of &s;mall trouble, but is of mo&s;t excellent u&s;e in Wounds after their Suppuration and Dige&s;tion, in Ulcers and Fi&s;tulaes after their Mundification; Namely, I <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ake Oyl of Turpentine, which comes over a gla&s;s <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">etort in a &s;trong fire, of a red co|lour, I take of this 3 Ounces, pure Gum <HI>Elemi</HI> half an Ounce.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ith. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> I mix them in a Frying-pan upon a gentle fire, till the Gum be di&s;&s;olved, then I &s;train it and keep it for u&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is a mo&s;t excellent Medicine to heal the Wounds of Nervous Parts; a de&s;cription whereof I had from a Spani&s;h Prie&s;t, who well de&s;erved Cre|dit; Take old Oyl 4 Ounces, Turpentine 6 Ounces, whole Wheat 1 Ounce and an half, St. <HI>John's wort</HI> 2 Ounces, Roots of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Valerian each 1 Ounce, Frankincen&s;e powdered 2 Ounces; let the Roots and Herbs be brui&s;ed gro&s;ly, and infu&s;ed in White wine for 3 days, when the Infu&s;ion is made, add the Oyl and Wheat, and boyl them to the con&s;umption of the Wine. Then having made a &s;trong Expre&s;&s;ion, add the Turpentine and Frankin|cen&s;e, and let them boyl a little. It is kept in a Gla&s;s. It cures Wounds, as they &s;ay,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hier. Fabri|cius.</NOTE> in 24 hours time, if the Wound be fir&s;t wa&s;ht with Whitewine, and then anointed with this warm.</P>
<P N="7">7. This <HI>Empla&s;trum glutinans Galeni</HI> is a mo&s;t precious and admirable Pla&s;ter, which I u&s;e with exceeding good &s;ucce&s;s; if not the fir&s;t day, at lea&s;t on the &s;econd, Take dry Pitch half a pound, yellow Wax 6 pounds and 8 ounces, Pine re&s;in 5 pounds and 4 ounces, <HI>A&s;phaltum</HI> or <HI>Bitumen Judaicum</HI> 4 pounds, and let this be cho&s;en of the be&s;t. &para; There grow &s;ome follicles in Elms near the leaves, full of a Li|quor, like Honey, I never &s;aw any thing better for healing of Wounds; certainly I have &s;een wonders from this Liquor; it may be kept and is of u&s;e in Gouty Defluxions, e&s;pecially when it is rancid. This Oyl is gathered in the Month of <HI>May,</HI> and a gla&s;s bottle being filled with it, and &s;topt with Wax and a Cloth, we make a hole in the Ground, about a foot deep, and put in the bottom of the hole a little common Salt, and &s;et the bottle upon it, which we cover all over with Earth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fallopius.</NOTE> after 20 days it is taken out, and this Juice is kept for the Gout and healing of Wounds.</P>
<P N="8">8. This cures all Wounds, to a Miracle; Take of <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> thrice de&s;tilled, and well rectified 2 pounds, St. <HI>John's-wort,</HI> Hy&s;&s;op, Millefoil, each 2 handfuls, Frankincen&s;e, Myrrhe powdered, each 3 ounces. Infu&s;e them for 4 days, and de&s;till them in <HI>Balneo,</HI> or in Sand. Keep it. When you have clo|&s;ed the Wound, wet it with this Water, by pouring it upon the Wound, and laying on Pledgits, wet in it, with Powder of Myrrhe, Ma&s;tiche, Frankin|cen&s;e, <HI>Sarcocolla,</HI> Bole-Armenick, Dragon's Blood each equal parts. Make a Powder; and &s;trew it upon the future wet with water, and apply upon that a Pledgit wet in oyl of Turpentine, and bind it, do not unbind it till the fourth day, and once every day foment the Wound as it is bound, and wet it with the &s;ame <HI>Aqua Vitae:</HI> On the fourth day loo&s;e the Ligature, and you will find the Wound healed; but if you &s;hould not find the Wound healed, do the &s;ame again, and open it not for 3 days, wet the Wound every day, as before, then loo&s;e it, and cure it as before for 2 days.</P>
<P N="9">9. An A&s;tringent Bal&s;am is made of Tartar, if upon Tartar, calcined to whitene&s;s, Spirit of Wine be poured, which mu&s;t be di&s;tilled with a &s;trong fire, and poured back again, till the Spirit be &s;weet. This Spirit is a Specifick Medicine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Grembi.</NOTE> which heals Wounds.</P>
<P N="10">10. This is admirable for Suppuration, Take of Marrow of a Stag, fat of a Calf, Ar&s;enick, fre&s;h Butter made of Cows Milk, the be&s;t Honey, Oyl of Ro&s;es, Myrrhe each 1 ounce, the Myrrhe mu&s;t be mixt with the Honey, and boyled gently on the Coals, after which the re&s;t mu&s;t be added,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hafenraffe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and carefully mixt.</P>
<P N="11">11. The Bleeding of an Artery could not be &s;topt in a certain man by any common Medicines, a little <HI>Magi&s;terium Opii</HI> was applied to the wounded Artery, and the violent bleeding &s;topt to a Mira|cle;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;tius.</NOTE> the Wound was clo&s;ed with <HI>Empla&s;trum Stipti|cum Crollii</HI> afterwards, and healed.</P>
<P N="12">12. Take of Venice Turpentine half a pound, Gum <HI>Elemi</HI> 4 ounces, oyl of St. <HI>John's-wort</HI> 3 ounces, bole Armenick, and Dragon's Blood each 1 ounce, <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> 2 ounces; Melt them on a gentle fire. Mix them. Add of Powder of Florentine Orrice, Aloes, Ma&s;tich, Myrrhe, each 1 drachm. Mix them. Make a Bal|&s;ame. This is of excellent virtue in agglutination of &s;imple Wounds; therefore when it is poured in, &s;ome <HI>Empla&s;trum diachalcit.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Paraeus.</NOTE> di&s;&s;olved in oyl of Ro&s;es and Vinegar mu&s;t be applied over it.</P>
<P N="13"><PB N="661" REF="296">13. This is a mo&s;t excellent vulnerary Potion, Take of Periwinkle, red Mother-wort each one handful, boyl them in &s;tale Beer, half away. Strain it, and keep it in a gla&s;s well &s;topt. Let the woun|ded Man take of this in the Morning fa&s;ting, at Noon, and when he goes to Bed, 3 &s;poonfuls at one time. The Wound may be wa&s;hed with this Deco|ction, and a red Cabbage leaf may be wet in it and applied to the Wound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ranzovius.</NOTE> with the rough &s;ide towards the Wound, which mu&s;t be bound fa&s;t on.</P>
<P N="14">14. This is one of the be&s;t Medicines, that I know, which we may mo&s;t &s;afely u&s;e for Haemorrhages of the Membranes of the Brain; Take of Frankincen&s;e 1 part, <HI>Aloes</HI> 1 part and an half. Mix them: when you would u&s;e them, mix them with the white of an Egg, till they be as thick as Honey, then mix &s;ome of the &s;ofte&s;t Hare's down with it, and &s;o &s;tore of it is applied to the Ve&s;&s;el or to all the Sore, and then it is bound up. &para; Some reckon the Down upon the inner &s;hell of Che&s;nuts in Powder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Eu&s;t. Rhu|dius.</NOTE> as a &s;ecret.</P>
<P N="15">15. The Crum of wheaten Bread &s;teeped in hot water is effectual to &s;top pain. &para; For a Pal&s;y from Wounds, this Bal&s;amick Liquor of <HI>Me&s;ue</HI>'s is excel|lent, wherewith the Neck, all the <HI>Spina dor&s;i,</HI> and al&s;o the Part affected mu&s;t be anointed; it is good for all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Nerves, the Palpitation of the Heart, and it is admirable good for all mani|fe&s;t wearine&s;s beyond all imagination, and no bet|ter Medicine can be found, where the Heart wants refection, according to <HI>Me&s;ue.</HI> And this is it; Take of Myrrhe, <HI>Aloe Hepatica,</HI> Spikenard, Dragon's Blood, Frankincen&s;e, Mummy, <HI>Opobal&s;amum, Bdellium, Carpobal&s;amum,</HI> Ammoniac, <HI>Sarcocolla,</HI> Saffron, Ma|&s;tich, Gum Arabick, liquid <HI>Styrax</HI> each 2 drachms, <HI>Laudanum,</HI> Ca&s;tor, each 2 drachms and an half, Musk half a drachm, the be&s;t Turpentine, what is &s;uffi|cient. Mix the Powders with the Turpentine, De|&s;till them by Alembick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tagaultius.</NOTE> keep the Water. Some Cow&s;lips may be added to make it the &s;tronger.</P>
<P N="16">16. This has been tried in many; Wa&s;h the Wound morning and evening in Wine; then apply a little Cotton dipt in Oyl of St. <HI>John's-wort</HI> to the Wound; it will heal with this only remedy with|out any further trouble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rulandus.</NOTE></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Vulnera Sclopetorum,</HI> or Gun-&s;hot Wounds.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether they be poy&s;oned? <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>No <HI>Empyreuma</HI> remains. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Common Dige&s;tives are not proper. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Wound that goes quite through, a Seton mu&s;t not be u&s;ed. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cutting off a Limb mu&s;t not be urged, becau&s;e of a great Fracture. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold and very A&s;tringent things mu&s;t not be applied pre&s;ently. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Expul&s;ion of the Bullet mu&s;t &s;ometimes be committed to Na|ture. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t always be taken out, when it is near a joynt. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which is the be&s;t In&s;trumemt for taking out a Bullet? <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tearing the fle&s;h mu&s;t be avoided in taking of it out. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nothing extraneous mu&s;t be left in. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too much dilatation of the Wound mu&s;t be avoided. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When extraneous things mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity be taken out? <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Haemorrhage mu&s;t be avoided in the Extraction. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When &s;plinters of Bones mu&s;t pre&s;ently be taken out? <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Wound mu&s;t be dilated, to get out what is extrane|ous? <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Medicines are proper? <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Bleeding mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be &s;topt. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Repellents are proper? <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Oxycrate be good? <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether hot things may be applied? <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether hot Oyls be of u&s;e? <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At the fir&s;t vi&s;it, what mu&s;t be taken notice of in the Wound? <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Blood may be let? <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Blood mu&s;t be let, &s;paringly. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purging be proper? <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Butter may be added to Dige&s;tives? <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How long we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t upon Dige&s;tives? <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be liquid. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch the Tents &s;hould be? <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Wound with Fracture, what &s;uch the &s;wathing ought to be? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a &s;upervening Haemorrhagy may be &s;topt? <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a wounded Head, when Section mu&s;t be made? <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Skull is to be laid bare? <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Trepanning be nece&s;&s;ary, we mu&s;t not defer it. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There mu&s;t be a right u&s;e of Cephalick Powders. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a Fracture of the Skull, with what caution Bones mu&s;t be taken out? <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Fracture in the Skull &s;ometimes curable without Section. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Fever may hinder Trepanning? <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In a great Fracture of the Skull, where the Skin is whole, we mu&s;t be very careful in cutting. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Trepan mu&s;t be dexterou&s;ly u&s;ed. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Wounds of the lowe&s;t Belly with what caution we mu&s;t Purge? <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the Bullet have not hurt &s;ome of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> in the lowe&s;t Belly, it mu&s;t not be too much &s;earched. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it cannot be ea&s;ily found, it mu&s;t be left in. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. There be three opinions about Gun-&s;hot wounds. Some hold they are poy&s;oned. Others deny, that they are poy&s;oned, yet hold, they have an <HI>Empyreuma.</HI> Others will grant neither but all that the&s;e wounds differ in, which are made with a bullet, from other wounds, that are made with a &s;harp weapon, is in the contu&s;ion and dilaceration. But if there were any poy&s;on, it mu&s;t come from the Gun-powder, or from the Bullet: It comes not from the Powder, becau&s;e the Ingre|dients whereof Gun-powder is made, are not poy|&s;onous, Sulphur, Nitre, and Char-coal, are none of them poy&s;onous; Yea Experience te&s;tifies, that abundance, who have been &s;o wounded with Bul|lets, have had no Symptome, which was any &s;ign of Poy&s;on: It could not come from a leaden Bul|let: For it is evident that Lead, e&s;pecially whole, carries no poy&s;on in it, becau&s;e many carry Bullets along time in their Body without any harm: Which,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> though &s;ometimes they may be be poy&s;on|ed, yet it is not &s;o in all wounds.</P>
<P N="2">II. Nor is there any Burning, for fir&s;t of all the Bullets would be fiery hot and melted, which are taken whole out of the Wounds. Secondly, The Burning would be perceived e&s;pecially in the things that are mo&s;t combu&s;tible, as in the wounded Par|ties Clothes. Thirdly, The Wadding of Paper or Tow, when it is put in in&s;tead of a Bullet, is di&s;|charged without any marks of burning, coloured only a little black. Fourthly, Wounded Per&s;ons feel no heat or burning, only pain from Contu&s;ion and Dilaceration, in which the Nature of the&s;e Wounds con&s;i&s;ts. But the thing that has deceived them all, is this, that other Symptoms happen in the&s;e Wounds, and require another Cure, than Wounds made by Arrows. But they ought to have taken notice, that there is a great difference between the&s;e Wounds: For Arrows are &s;harp and wound by cutting, but Bullets are round, and hurt by contu&s;ion:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> wherefore a corruption of the contu&s;ed Part, and bad Symptomes may ea&s;ily follow.</P>
<P N="3">III. Although what is contu&s;ed mu&s;t be changed into <HI>Pus,</HI> and &s;eparated from the &s;ound Parts, yet &s;ince the contu&s;ed Parts do ea&s;ily putrefie, and that there is danger of a Gangrene, the common Dige|&s;tives and Suppuraters, which are u&s;ed in other Swellings and Wounds, are not proper here alone,
<PB N="662" REF="297"> e&s;pecially if Nervous Parts be contu&s;ed, which can|not endure &s;uch moi&s;t, and &s;imply o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eous and fat things, and require drying things; but &s;uch things mu&s;t be u&s;ed, as indeed help to change the contu|&s;ed fle&s;h into <HI>Pus,</HI> yet cau&s;e not Putrefaction, and are al&s;o Anodyne. <HI>Quercetan,</HI> to avoid the inconve|niences which attend the u&s;e of common Suppura|ters and Dige&s;tives, adds <HI>Mercury</HI> precipitate: But here great care mu&s;t be had, nor do I think ought may be done ra&s;hly, for where Putrefaction is pre&s;ent, and a Gangrene is ju&s;t imminent, I do not di&s;&s;wade the mixing of <HI>Mercury,</HI> yet it is not nece&s;|&s;ary in every one, nor alwayes &s;afe; &s;ince Expe|rience te&s;tifies that many &s;uch Wounds are cured without mixing <HI>Mercury,</HI> and there are &s;afer Medi|cines, to hinder Putrefaction. And if Nervous pla|ces be wounded,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus <HI>&amp;</HI> Plazzonus.</NOTE> the Precipitate may ea&s;ily cau&s;e great Pain.</P>
<P N="4">IV. It is the Cu&s;tome with &s;ome, if a Bullet have &s;truck through a part, &s;o as the Wound be open on each &s;ide, to apply their Medicines by a Seton, and when they dre&s;s the Wound, they draw it this way and that, anointing it with a new Medicine: But &s;eeing by this means, the pa&s;&s;age of the <HI>Pus</HI> is &s;topt, and pain is cau&s;ed, it is evident the u&s;e of Setons is not &s;afe, &s;ince the &s;ame thing may be done by putting in tents on each &s;ide; and Wounds, which are open but at one end, are cured without the help of them: Yet the Tents mu&s;t not be too thick, le&s;t they &s;top up the pa&s;&s;age of the <HI>Pus</HI> and cau&s;e pain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. The&s;e Wounds e&s;pecially are rendred very dif|ficult of cure, if Bones in the Arms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be broken, yea, they are often broken into many &s;hivers, in which, when the Nervous Parts are often hurt, and and prickt by the fragments of the Bones, thence mo&s;t acute Pains, Convul&s;ions and Gangrene ari&s;e. Which if it happen, vulgar Surgeons frequently ha&s;ten to Amputation of the whole Limb. But though &s;ometimes, to make provi&s;ion for the &s;afety of the whole, this mu&s;t be done, yet as long as there remains any the lea&s;t hope of Cure, it mu&s;t not be done:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> For Nature in the&s;e Wounds u&s;es to do mi|racles.</P>
<P N="6">VI. I cannot &s;ufficiently condemn their opinion, who advi&s;e cold and very repre&s;&s;ing things pre|&s;ently to be applied to Gun-&s;hot Wounds, which are complicated with Ambu&s;tion; for they &s;trike back, and do not draw out the fiery heat, but fix it more in the Parts, and encrea&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, and Vinegar e&s;pecially,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Q<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">rceta|nus.</NOTE> which the vulgar common|ly u&s;es.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In all wounded Per&s;ons this mu&s;t perpetually be ob&s;erved, that, if a Bullet be found to be there, it be taken out with &s;ome In&s;trument accommodate to that u&s;e, and that, as much as may be, with|out trouble or pain to the Patient: For if there be imminent danger of Pain, or of other accidents, or if the Bullet lye &s;o, as that it cannot be found, as it often happens, it is be&s;t to leave the expul&s;ion of it to Nature her &s;elf; for then we mu&s;t by no means extract the Bullet violently, becau&s;e cruel Symptomes are rai&s;ed by &s;uch Extraction. For I have &s;everal times ob&s;erved, a Bullet has been lodged without any trouble, nor has it hindred health, but has tarried &s;ome years in the wounded Part, with|out any harm to the Patient.</P>
<P N="8"><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Plazzonus</HI> de Vulner. Sclo|pet.</NOTE>VIII. But if a Bullet be found near a Joynt or in it, then, becau&s;e by compre&s;&s;ing a Nervous or Ar|ticulous Body, it cau&s;es great pain, it mu&s;t of ne|ce&s;&s;ity be extracted out of the Body.</P>
<P N="9">IX. There are many In&s;truments for the extra|ction of Bullets. <HI>Hildanus Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 88. de|&s;cribes the apte&s;t. And he renders the com|mon one in form of a Wimble much more fit, hindring the Bullet from turning and &s;lipping.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. When we have got a fit In&s;trument, that is, in re&s;pect to the Wound and to the form and figure of the Bullet, we mu&s;t have a care that the Lips of the wound, and the Fle&s;h within be not hurt or taken hold on: for if this be done, it will create the Patient great trouble, grievous pains, and high Inflammations are rai&s;ed. Therefore to avoid the&s;e things, we mu&s;t never dilate or open the in&s;tru|ment till we fir&s;t feel the Bullet with the end of it, for then we mu&s;t open it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE> and take the Bullet out dextrou&s;ly.</P>
<P N="11">XI. When the Bullet is taken out, we mu&s;t &s;earch the bottom of the wound with a probe, that, if by chance any thing extraneous be perceived to lie there, it may be removed. And this, as I &s;aid, mu&s;t be done the fir&s;t vi&s;it, if po&s;&s;ible, for then, be|cau&s;e the wound is fre&s;h, le&s;s pain is felt, there is no Inflammation as yet, but the wound is warm, and not at all altered. But when a day or two is over, the wound &s;wells, and all the adjoyning parts are inflamed and altered, and &s;o they clo&s;e up the Bullet: Then the place, where it lies, is difficultly found, and though it be found, yet the Bullet cannot be got out without exceeding diffi|cultly to the Patient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Unskillful Surgeons u&s;ually commit an error in &s;earching for and taking out extraneous things, and in handling the parts cruelly, immedi|ately enlarging the wound with their In&s;truments, and fingers, (without any con&s;ideration had of the part, and of the habit of the whole body) in &s;earch|ing, moving, rending, pricking, cutting, brui&s;ing, and &s;queezing, whereby Inflammations are often rai&s;ed, veins broken, violent Pains and divers o|ther Symptomes cau&s;ed, which are often &s;o urgent, that they force a man to neglect in a manner the principal di&s;ea&s;e, and to turn his cure to them, which would not happen in mo&s;t, if they were handled aright, or but left to the benefit of Na|ture. We reckon therefore, that every wound &s;hould not be ampliated,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus</HI> de Vuln. Sclo|pet.</NOTE> nor all extraneous things be taken out, nor &s;hould the wound be opened at the other end, as &s;ome foli&s;hly do.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. We think that &s;uch extraneous things com|ing from without mu&s;t be taken out pre&s;ently, as may greatly endanger the Patient: In like man|ner &s;uch as may be taken out without any great lo&s;s or pain. We mu&s;t expect it will be very dangerous, when the Bullet pre&s;&s;es upon &s;ome nerve, and puts the Patient to grievous pain. Or if it be about the region of any of the <HI>ventres,</HI> that is, the Head, Brea&s;t or lower Belly, and we fear it will afterwards penetrate into the Part, and this (if it can conveniently) may better be done at the beginning of the cure, than deferred longer: I &s;ay &s;o, e&s;pecially in regard of the Bullet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> becau&s;e through its weight it varies its &s;ite, &s;o that afterwards it cannot conveniently be found. &para; When the Bullet cannot be found, or when there is danger in the extracting of it, the affair mu&s;t be committed to Nature, if it be a leaden one; for if the Bullet be of Iron or Bra&s;s, there is danger, that the wound will not heal, becau&s;e of the Ru&s;t. But if the Bullet &s;tick in &s;ome noble Part, or in one which may draw a noble Part into con&s;ent, and if the Wound endanger the Patient's life, the Sur|geon mu&s;t not attempt the extraction of it, becau&s;e by this means he can do no good, but only ha&s;ten a Man's end,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> which the Wound it &s;elf would in time procure.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Yet we mu&s;t have a care, while we are in|tent upon the work of Extraction, that a great flux of Blood do not come, whereby the Patients lo&s;e their &s;trength, which often happens in an Empiricks hands:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Botallus</HI> ubi &s;upra.</NOTE> Therefore we mu&s;t fir&s;t endeavour to &s;top the Blood.</P>
<P N="15">XV. But if there be a Fracture of the Bones, and any &s;plinters of them be denudated of the <HI>Per<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o&s;teum,</HI> which cannot be taken out without much pain, they mu&s;t be taken out; otherwi&s;e they mu&s;t be left in: for Nature will afterwards facilitate the&s;e, and greater pieces al&s;o, if there be any, for their <HI>exit,</HI>
<PB N="663" REF="297"> and the Bullet at length,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> becau&s;e of its weight, will &s;ink into &s;ome cutaneous Part, whence it may after|wards be taken without any harm.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. It is very rare, that a Wound mu&s;t be dilated to take out the Bullet, but &s;ometimes we are forced to do it, that we may get out broken bones, which are &s;ometimes too great, to come out at the external Ulcer. Sometimes al&s;o, when the Wound is in the Head, and any injury is &s;u|&s;pected in the Skull or in the internal parts: Sometimes, when the Bullet runs along only under the skin, whereby the skin in that place would peri&s;h: Al&s;o when a Bullet is perceived to be in the Brea&s;t, or in the lower Belly, which can|not get out becau&s;e of the narrowne&s;s of the wound: And &s;ometimes we are forced to make way for it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> on the other &s;ide, that we may get it out that way.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. According as there are different opinions of the Nature of Gun-&s;hot wounds, &s;o divers &s;orts of Medicines are applied to the&s;e Wounds. Some without any di&s;crimination, at the fir&s;t Applica|tion apply only the white of an Egg, as if the&s;e were &s;imple wounds. Others mix the white of an Egg and Vinegar. Others mix fair Water and Vi|negar. Others add al&s;o &s;ome a&s;tringent Medicine, and Bole Armenick, Powder of Corall, Dragon's Blood, the three Sanders. Others add Turpen|tine and the oyl thereof. Some apply Treacle and Mithridate. Others, at the very fir&s;t &s;trew cau&s;tick and very hot Powders upon the wound, and apply common oyl, oyl of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-<HI>wort,</HI> oyl of Elder, and other hot oyls. Some apply a Cau|&s;tick, eating Medicines. Others run a hot Iron into the wound, and do it &s;everal times. But whe|ther in the beginning either the white of an Egg alone, or A&s;tringents mixt with it, be a proper Medicine we may ea&s;ily judge, when we mu&s;t take the beginning of the cure from Poy&s;on, <HI>(whether Gun-&s;hot Wounds be poy&s;oned, See</HI> &sect;. I. <HI>of this Title)</HI> becau&s;e life is greatly in danger. And the&s;e Medicines have an a&s;tringent faculty, and the white of an Egg e&s;pecially, of repelling and drying: Hereby the humors are conden&s;ed, the skin made imper&s;pira|ble, the Poy&s;onous quality is driven to the inner parts. Moreover, all &s;uch Medicines hinder the exhalation of bad vapors; whereupon cruel Symp|tomes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE> with great torment to the Patient, and ha|zard of his life, ari&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>And according to their Opinion, that think the&s;e Wounds are not poy&s;oned, there is danger in applying Repel|lents, becau&s;e they hinder the due dige&s;tion and matu|ration of the&s;e wounds, that have a Contu&s;ion joyned with them, which requires changing into</HI> Pus. <HI>But what &s;uch the Dige&s;tives &s;hould be, &s;ee the preceding Title of Wounds.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. And though the&s;e Men argue, that &s;uch Medicines &s;top bleeding, hot Intemperature, and other Symptomes of this kind; yet I an&s;wer, that it is very rare, for any great effu&s;ion of Blood to follow the&s;e wounds; and though &s;ometimes it do follow, yet it mu&s;t not pre&s;ently be &s;topt: For when the wound bleeds much, it fir&s;t prevents In|flammation u&s;ually, and, which is more, it may evacuate virulent <HI>ichores.</HI> Therefore a prudent Surgeon &s;hould in the beginning ab&s;tain from the application of Coolers, which otherwi&s;e through his ignorance and mi&s;take do much harm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and put the Patient in further danger of his Life.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Repellents are proper, when we would keep back humors from falling upon any part. Which we ought to do, when the coming of an Inflammation is feared, or when one is begun or encrea&s;ed. For upon this account we apply reper|cutients to all Wounds, Contu&s;ions and Fractures at the very fir&s;t, if it can be done: for by the&s;e means much humors are kept from flowing into the part affected. We u&s;e them for the fir&s;t three dayes, or at mo&s;t (if an Inflammation be not ur|gent) four: But if the Patient be well &s;et (as we &s;ay) and of a good complexion, two days will be &s;ufficient. For when Coolers are either too &s;trong or longer u&s;ed than they &s;hould, the Ulcer grows crude and ill conditioned. Wherefore I have often been angry with ignorant and ob&s;tinate Sur|geons, &s;ome of whom, would in&s;i&s;t 7, others 14 dayes upon Repellents, which was often attended with the wor&s;t event. It is &s;ufficient to u&s;e them only till the Concoction of the wound appear. But Repellents mu&s;t be now and then repeated, not as the unskilful Gang do, who infu&s;e Tow or Lint in Oxycrate, or <HI>Oxyrrhodinum,</HI> mixt with whites of Eggs, and &s;uch &s;tuff, and apply it, and do not remove it all the day: which grows pre&s;ently hot and tough, and then it does not repell, but hinders tran|&s;piration,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>cap.</HI> 8.</NOTE> whence many trouble&s;ome Symptomes ari&s;e.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Yet their opinion is not &s;o much to be blamed, though not altogether to be embraced, who rather chu&s;e Spring-water mixt with Vinegar, and mix that with other things, who&s;e opinion is con|firmed by <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> his Authority, <HI>Lib.</HI> 5. <HI>&s;uae Medic. Cap.</HI> 26. who &s;ays, that cold water, and a little warm, is good for wounds. And they &s;ay Vinegar is pro|per, becau&s;e it re&s;i&s;ts Putrefaction: hence it is that corruptible things are pre&s;erved in Vinegar from pu|trefaction and corruption.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. In like manner Turpentine, its Oyl, and Treacle do very much heat of them&s;elves, therefore they are not &s;o convenient in the beginning,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> unle&s;s they be mixt with other Medicines.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. But as for application of hot Oyls, I can|not much condemn the opinion, as I cannot theirs neither, who apply actual fire; for the poy&s;on which is in the wounds, is brought out by the vir|tue of fire. Nor need we que&s;tion the po&s;&s;ibility of actual Fire's re&s;i&s;ting a poy&s;onous quality by heat, for in Virtue and Power they are extreme contrary one to another, the fire attracts the poy|&s;on, becau&s;e every like draws its like. Be&s;ides, the hurt part is &s;trengthned by virtue of the fire. A Cau&s;tick al&s;o does the &s;ame, which is much commended by &s;ome. Yet I mu&s;t ingenuou&s;ly con|fe&s;s, that in the&s;e wounds in the beginning of the cure I never u&s;ed hot Oyls or Fire, nor would I per&s;wade any Man to u&s;e &s;uch kind of Medicines, becau&s;e the Patients are afflicted and cruelly pained with the application of them. For in this way of cure I have &s;een mo&s;t inten&s;e Pains, and violent In|flammations, great flux of humors, and other bit|ter Symptomes ari&s;e. And I u&s;e to reject the&s;e Me|dicines, becau&s;e they do little good, and con&s;tant Practice and Experience has taught me better, which I u&s;e with great &s;ucce&s;s and benefit to my Patients: For they are &s;uch as do not at all draw the hu|mors, yet gently repell them, nor cau&s;e any In|flammation, but rather re&s;i&s;t the poy&s;onous quality in the beginning, and avert the power of the poy|&s;on, and its communication, from the Heart and other principal Parts.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. At the fir&s;t vi&s;it the&s;e two things e&s;peci|ally are immediately to be con&s;idered by the Phy&s;i|cian, and upon the&s;e two all his Pains mu&s;t be &s;pent, that is, the poy&s;onous quality and conflux of the humors. Nor let any man object, that in the be|ginning regard &s;hould be had to burning, contu&s;ion, attrition of the part and the bleeding. For I an|&s;wer, that this Wound is not &s;imple but complicate, and therefore we mu&s;t fir&s;t fall upon that, which is mo&s;t urgent. And therefore we mu&s;t begin the cure with poy&s;on, wherein con&s;i&s;ts the greate&s;t danger of lo&s;ing life, the fluxion mu&s;t be &s;topt, and other things which may increa&s;e Putrefaction, infect the Spirits, and cau&s;e other Symptomes; and in the &s;econd place, we mu&s;t look after Pain, Inflamma|tion and Bleeding. Therefore the poy&s;onous qua|lity mu&s;t be re&s;i&s;ted immediately. Now all Authors agree, that in every wound, where there is &s;u&s;pi|cion
<PB N="664" REF="298"> of poy&s;on, attractive Medicines mu&s;t be u&s;ed immediately at the beginning, and things that eva|cuate by the part affected: Therefore we ought ei|ther to &s;carify the wound, or apply cupping-gla&s;&s;es, or do both together. But I commonly with good &s;ucce&s;s always cut the Wound, open the part a lit|tle, and make inci&s;ion, that the Blood may run out, and the poy&s;on may be di&s;&s;ipated together with the Blood, and this dilatation or opening of the wound is very nece&s;&s;ary, both that extraneous bo|dies may ea&s;ily be got out, and al&s;o, that the <HI>Sanies</HI> and &s;uperfluous Humours, which breed in bodies affected with the&s;e wounds, may be conveniently purged, and al&s;o the cavities and <HI>Sinus's</HI> of the&s;e parts may be prevented, which otherwi&s;e u&s;ually happens through the un&s;kilfulne&s;s of Surgeons: Be|&s;ides, I clip away &s;ome part of the torn fle&s;h, which operations indeed I u&s;e in&s;tead of Sacrification: Then al&s;o I apply a cupping-gla&s;s to the part, if there be one at hand, to take away the poy&s;onous quality: and when the&s;e things are done I pre&s;ent|ly apply &s;ome things to the wound, that I may pre|vent the poi&s;onous quality and flux of Humours, and if at any time there be an Haemorrhage, I take &s;ome Yolks of Eggs with a little of the White; for the White alone applied does a great deal of harm, but when it is mixt in a &s;mall quantity with other things, it lo&s;es that a&s;tringent and em|pla&s;tick faculty, to which I add oyl of Turpentine, St <HI>Johns</HI> wort, <HI>Euphorbianum,</HI> oyl of unripe Ro&s;es, adding a little <HI>Terra Sigillata,</HI> oriental bole Arme|nick, <HI>Scordium,</HI> powder of Tormentil root, and Myrrhe; for the&s;e things are violent re&s;i&s;ters of poy&s;on and putrefaction, as al&s;o <HI>Galbanum, Bdellium, &amp;c.</HI> draws out the poy&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Ca. <HI>19.</HI></NOTE> in which Medicines Tents and Pledgits are dipt.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. After we have provided for the wound|ed part, we mu&s;t then take care of the whole Bo|dy, And in this ca&s;e we ought to breathe a Vein; for this is the be&s;t Remedy of all univer&s;als. For though Bleeding may &s;eem not at all convenient in Gun-&s;hot wounds, which have a poy&s;onous quality joyned with them, becau&s;e thereby the &s;aid quality is drawn into the inner parts of the bo|dy, and therefore to the principal parts with great peril of life: For in applying Cupping-gla&s;&s;es and Scarifications to the wounded part, the intention is not only to evacuate the virulence by the part affected, but by revul&s;ion to attract it, that it pene|trate not deep, or infe&s;t the principal parts. Bleed|ing by opening of a vein is altogether contrary to this intention; for it does not evacuate or expell the poy&s;onous quality, but rather gathers and draws from the part and circumference to the centre. Yet I an&s;wer, that when it is &s;aid, A Vein mu&s;t not be opened in poy&s;oned wounds, this mu&s;t be under&s;tood of Poy&s;on from the whole &s;ub&s;tance, and not of a poy&s;onous vapour. Be&s;ides, a poy&s;on from the whole &s;ub&s;tance quickly creeps to the heart, and other principal parts, but an halituous poy&s;on is not &s;o &s;oon communicated to the princi|pal parts. We have an example in the bite of a mad dog, becau&s;e &s;ometimes many days and months pa&s;s, before a <HI>hydrophobia</HI> comes; &s;o in Gun-&s;hot wounds the Poy&s;on is not communicated pre&s;ent|ly, and much le&s;s when Blood is let quickly; for Blood-letting is very good in Gun-&s;hot wounds for revul&s;ion &s;ake; and draws no virulence inward, be|cau&s;e in the beginning the venemous quality &amp; poy|&s;onous Vapor is not &s;o penetrating of it &s;elf, unle&s;s it be &s;o attenuated by the heat and &s;pirits, as to infe&s;t the heart, &amp; come to the principal parts, e&s;pecially when its pa&s;&s;age is hindred by &s;carification and ap|plication of drawing Medicines. Wherefore al|wayes in the&s;e wounds as well as in others, Blood mu&s;t be let by opening a Vein, to prevent a deflux|ion of Humours, and e&s;pecially of bad juices; af|ter which, if the wound be inflamed, bad Symp|tomes u&s;ually happen, as great pains, <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> Grangrene,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if there be a Cacochymie in the Body.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Yet Blood mu&s;t be let on this condition, that, when topical Medicines are applied, a vein may be opened, for &s;o it may do good, but never harm. But large Bleeding cannot be approved of, and herein the greatne&s;s of the wound mu&s;t not be &s;o much regarded, as the plenitude of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> a gentle purge, or Cly&s;ter being premi&s;ed.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The next day, and the &s;econd vi&s;it, before the wound be looked on, the body mu&s;t be clean|&s;ed, and to this purpo&s;e we mu&s;t pre&s;cribe &s;ome gentle Medicine, but not a &s;trong purge, becau&s;e in a poy&s;onous quality, which comes from without, violent purging is not &s;o well approved of by Phy|&s;icians. <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>m. m.</HI> affirms <HI>that purging is not only pro|per in plenitude, but e&s;pecially in abundance of bad juices, and in a great Di&s;ea&s;e.</HI> Therefore in the&s;e wounds it is very proper to give &s;ome gentle Medicine. Which is approved of al&s;o by <HI>Hippocrates l. de vulner.</HI> For Purging by the Belly, is good for mo&s;t wounds, be|cau&s;e bilious, thin and &s;erous Humours are purged; for &s;uch Humours might ea&s;ily flow to the wound|ed part, and cau&s;e Inflammation, Pain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Some put Butter in their Dige&s;tive Me|dicines in the beginning, yet I ever ab&s;tained from the u&s;e of it: for it greatly corrupts, putrefies and relaxes the part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE> but here we mu&s;t alwayes prevent putrefaction and corruption.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Some prefix the &s;eventh day as a &s;et bound for Dige&s;tives: Others go beyond this time, tarrying for the &s;eparation of the putrid fle&s;h, that encompa&s;&s;es the Lips of the wound, unle&s;s what has been already &s;uppurated, be removed by ab|&s;ter&s;ives. But I think the &s;et term of leaving off a di|ge&s;tive Medicine, is, when we &s;ee the wound is con|cocted. Thus, you cannot (as &s;ome blockheaded wound-mongers do) prefix either the &s;eventh or any other day certain.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve in the application of the&s;e Medicines that the&s;e dige&s;tives mu&s;t rather be liquid, &s;o as they may reach to the bottom of the wound: For Tents dipt in the&s;e Medicines mu&s;t be applied, that the whole pa&s;&s;age of the wound may be kept open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE> and that Medicines may be car|ried all over it.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Becau&s;e ignorant Arti&s;ts frequently commit Errors, to the no &s;mall dammage of their Patients, they mu&s;t be cautioned, that the Tents be neither too thick, nor too long, too hard nor too &s;harp. Long ones prick, thick ones ex|tend, and al&s;o hinder the foul &s;teem or any other putrilage from getting out of the wound. Hence Gangrenes of the parts, affected, heat of the liver, &amp; &s;wellings, which for the mo&s;t part u&s;e to follow putrid wounds, and hence come fevers which will &s;carce go off again. Let them therefore be made limber, &s;mooth, &s;mall, of &s;oft and fine Lint or Cot|ton, or &s;ome &s;uch matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus, <HI>c.</HI> 16.</NOTE> that they may not cau&s;e pain. Which things mu&s;t e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved, if there be a fracture of the bones.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. A &s;imple Fracture without a wound will admit of all kinds of &s;wathing, but the ca&s;e is far otherwi&s;e, where it is with a wound, e&s;pecially one made with a &s;hot, which requires a particular way of binding. For in a &s;imple fracture we only look on it after the &s;eventh day, and then bind it up, but in a Fracture with a wound, we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity every day look upon the broken and wounded Limb, and take care of the wound, that the <HI>Sanies</HI> may be wiped off, and the poy&s;on got out. For in a Fracture with a wound this is the chief contra-indication that hinders the healing of it, and protracts the cure a long time, becau&s;e up|on account of the Fracture it is nece&s;&s;ary to keep the hurt Limb immoveable for &s;everal dayes, that the Bones may be well knit, which &s;ince re&s;t does be&s;t perform, no doubt but it is of nece&s;&s;ity required.
<PB N="665" REF="298"> But upon account of the Wound we are forced fre|quently and before the time to apply local Medi|cines, for this end, that the purulent matter and ex|crements bred in the wound may be got out. The Ancients and the Moderns propound various wayes of binding in a Fracture with a Wound, who do all mean well indeed as to this intention, but they do not &s;atisfie it; And therefore as the ways propo&s;ed by them do not plea&s;e me, &s;o I am very well &s;atis|fied with tho&s;e ways which are ob&s;erved every day in Practice, and very often experienced by me, to my credit, and to the benefit of my Patients. The chiefe&s;t therefore, and mo&s;t approved ways are two, by benefit whereof broken Bones are kept in their place, and the wounds may be loo&s;ed. The one is performed by Swathes or Rowlers; the other with Plates or Splints, which are made of flexible matter.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t way is be&s;t, when there is great Inflam|mation: The other, when, be&s;ides the Inflamma|tion there is danger of great Pain. Wherefore, if we be called to a Patient in the beginning, who is ill of a Fracture and Wound made with a Shot, be|cau&s;e as yet there is no &s;ingular Inflammation of the Part, after the Bones are &s;et, and the Wound is taken care of with proper Medicines, the Fracture, Wound, and the whole Limb that is hurt, mu&s;t be bound, that is, in &s;uch a manner, as that we may look upon the Wound every day, and take off the rowler, without moving the broken Bones. There|fore not only one &s;ingle rowler mu&s;t be taken, but &s;everal about an Ell long, and three Inches broad: for &s;everal rowlers are nece&s;&s;ary, becau&s;e not only the Fracture and Wound mu&s;t be bound, but the broken Limb al&s;o mu&s;t be bound for the &s;pace of 8 inches, 4 on each &s;ide of the Fracture. Ten there|fore or Eight of the&s;e Rowlers mu&s;t be taken: Ten, that is, if the Thigh be broken, and we place all the&s;e in order upon a broad piece of Cloth, &s;o as one is placed half the breadth over another, and &s;o we rowl one after another, that is the head of the fir&s;t contrary to the head of the next, that is in this order, your Servant mu&s;t hold one head tight, and the Surgeon the other, as &s;trait as it is nece&s;&s;ary to bind the fractured Part; and then we bind on ano|ther, and it mu&s;t be &s;traitned as much as the Pa|tient can bear. But this mu&s;t be taken notice of, that when we begin to rowl over, we cea&s;e pulling of the Rowlers, for &s;o, whenever we would dre&s;s the Wound, we take off the Rowlers the contrary way, and bind it again, without moving the hurt Limb. Which excellent and &s;afe way of binding differs from what <HI>Fallopius</HI> propounds; for he takes <HI>Splenia,</HI> and rowls the Limb obliquely round with them, yet the Part is bound uneve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly. But we apply the&s;e Rowlers, not in an oblique manner, but circular and direct: for this way the broken Limb is bound equally and without any trouble. And if the Limb be not quite &s;hot through, we may al&s;o make a ca&s;e (or <HI>cap&s;ula</HI>) and yet it will be &s;ooner and &s;afer healed.</P>
<P>But becau&s;e &s;ometimes in &s;hots it happens, the Bone is &s;o broken, that the whole Limb almo&s;t is torn, &s;o that upon account of the pain and great|ne&s;s of the Wound, the&s;e Rowlers, and this way of rowling cannot be u&s;ed in the beginning, then we go to another In&s;trument, which we u&s;e in&s;tead of Ligature; that is, we take a Plate of Bra&s;s, or of other tough and flexible matter, yet firm, of which a hollow In&s;trument is made, like a Pipe, made into the form of the broken Limb, that it may incompa&s;s the whole Limb that is hurt: it is armed on the in&s;ide with Cotton, for a Cu&s;hion, and we place the broken Limb conveniently in it, and bind it fa&s;t, that it may not be moved. But be|fore this Plate be applied to the part, it is nece&s;&s;a|ry, that we fir&s;t fit it, and make a broad hole in that part, where the Wound is, that we may con|veniently keep the Fle&s;h and the Limb immoveable upon account of the Fracture: For by this way, and by this In&s;trument, the broken Bones are not &s;tirred at all, but are rather kept in their places, and the Wound may be dre&s;&s;ed every day; and although the Wound go quite through the Limb, yet the Plate may have a hole made in it on the other &s;ide, &s;o that all Wounds may conveniently be cured, without any mole&s;tation of the Patient, or hurting of the Fracture. For &s;everal in their Pra|ctice have with great &s;ucce&s;s and felicity u&s;ed this In&s;trument in curing Gun &s;hot wounds with fracture of the Bones.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A &s;upervening Haemorrhagy is &s;topt with Ob&s;truents, A&s;tringents, Revellents, cutting off the bleeding Vein. If the broken Vein appear, it is &s;afe&s;t to clo&s;e it with a hot Iron. If it lye deep in, fill the Wound with this Medicine; Take of Bole Armenick 4 drachms, Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, Aloes each 1 drachm. Mix them all with the white of an Egg. If by the&s;e things you cannot obtain your de&s;ire, have recour&s;e to red hot In&s;truments. For you will obtain your end quicker, &s;afer, and with le&s;s hurt than with Cau&s;tick Medicines, which create much pain for many hours; after which &s;ometimes, the &s;topt flux comes anew, to &s;top which, the red hot Iron has not &s;o much virtue after cau|&s;tick Medicines are applied, as before the u&s;e of them, becau&s;e the cru&s;t made by them is no &s;mall impediment to it. But to do the work with a red hot Iron, requires a Man skilled in Anatomy, who knows well the Site and Po&s;ition of the Veins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus. <HI>c.</HI> 15.</NOTE> (See BOOK VIII. <HI>Haemorrhagia.</HI>)</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. When a Wound is made in the Head by a Shot, the Wound ari&s;es not only by way of Puncture, but al&s;o by way of Cae&s;ure and Contu|&s;ion: for the Bullet pierces by Contu&s;ion, and it di&s;&s;olves and tears the natural union of the Parts, whereby the <HI>Cranium</HI> is chiefly affected, e&s;pecially if armed with a Helmet. Therefore a Wound in the Head, and Contu&s;ion both, will either be in the external Parts only, as in the skin and <HI>Pericra|nium,</HI> or with hurt of the Bone, and of the internal Parts al&s;o. If the skin only be wounded, and the <HI>Pericranium</HI> with the skin, let the Wound be cured, as wounds in a fle&s;hy part. Yet this mu&s;t be ob|&s;erved, if in the Wound we &s;ee the <HI>Pericranium</HI> is much hurt and &s;welled, the Wound mu&s;t immedi|ately be dilated, making inci&s;ion in the <HI>Pericranium,</HI> and &s;eparating it from the Skull. For by this means it never putrefies, nor does matter gather upon the Skull, and the Wound is &s;ooner healed. But if there be only a Contu&s;ion in the skin without a Wound, then apply to a whole skin &s;omething that has a virtue to di&s;&s;olve, dige&s;t, ex&s;iccate, &s;trengthen,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plazzonus.</NOTE> and ea&s;e Pain.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve this perpetually, if we perceive the Bone is hurt, or laid bare, or if we fear the inner Parts are hurt, pre&s;ently the Skull mu&s;t be laid bare, the hurt skin mu&s;t be cut, and it mu&s;t be divided from the <HI>Pericranium</HI> and the Skull. For the skin does ea&s;ily heal, though it be cut off needle&s;ly, as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays, <HI>Lib.</HI> 8. <HI>Cap.</HI> 4. For we mu&s;t totally make bare the Skull, that we may &s;crape it, and perforate it, or when there is a fracture,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> take it out, if there be occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. When we mu&s;t trepan the Skull, all de|lay is dangerous. Therefore we mu&s;t not trepan it only the fir&s;t, &s;econd, third, or fourth day, whe|ther to rai&s;e, or to take out a Bone, but the &s;eventh, eighth, ninth, tenth or eleventh, or any of the following dayes, if the ca&s;e require it: For we need not here (as the unskilful do) fear any critical dayes. Critical dayes mu&s;t be ob&s;erved in Wounds only for the Progno&s;tick not for the cure. Indeed in Fevers, and other Di&s;ea&s;es, which Nature her &s;elf alone oftentimes u&s;es to overcome, they mu&s;t be ob&s;erved both for Progno&s;tick and Cure: But in this ca&s;e no &s;alubrious work can be expected from Nature. For &s;he never trepans, nor rai&s;es
<PB N="666" REF="299"> what is depre&s;t and &s;ticks (except in young Children.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE>)</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Although drying Medicines be com|mended in every wound, newly made either by puncture or cae&s;ure; yet that place of <HI>Galen</HI> 6. <HI>Meth. in fine</HI> (who pre&s;cribes things they call Cephalicks pre&s;ently, and to the end, of Illyrian Orrice, flower of bitter Vetch, <HI>Manna, Ari&s;tolochia,</HI> bark of Allheal Root, and things that exterge without biting) has mi&s;-led many. For what el&s;e do the ignorant com|mon &s;ort of Surgeons, bol&s;tering them&s;elves up with this opinion, but clog the wound with this powder? What Nature, I pray, is &s;o &s;trong, as to be able to endure &s;o inept u&s;ing of any Medicine? I do not &s;ay indeed, that the Medicine is pernitious in its own Nature, but becau&s;e it is ignorantly u&s;ed; for being &s;o applied it dries more than it &s;hould, yea it wa&s;tes the very fle&s;h, and &s;ometimes heats the Brain beyond mea&s;ure; &s;o that I have &s;een &s;ome people dy, I &s;uppo&s;e rather for &s;uch a cau&s;e than for any harm received in the internal parts from the weapon when no noxious Symptome in them had gone before, and they were better every day than other for the fir&s;t &s;even or eleven dayes, while they committed them&s;elves to country Barbers, without the exce&s;&s;ive u&s;e of Cephalicks (as the&s;e wonder-working Surgeons u&s;e to boa&s;t) But lea|ving off the fir&s;t, and other people being called, who put too high a Value upon this Cephalick pow|der, and other Medicines, they call Capital, quick|ly more grievous Symptomes followed, which kil|led the Patient. I would often open the heads of &s;uch bodies, that it might be known, whether there were any latent injury from any wound, namely, whether there were clotted Blood, or an inward Fracture, or any &s;uch thing, in whom nothing was found, be&s;ides <HI>Pus</HI> gathered under the Mem|brane, made of the proper &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain corrupted: Which did certainly &s;how, that the Re|medies were more to be blamed than the greatne&s;s of the wound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> when it was manife&s;t the Patients were ob&s;ervant of orders.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ayes well in the place before quoted; <Q>Tho&s;e Bones, <HI>&s;aith he,</HI> which are vio|lently broken, whether they be &s;evered from the &s;ound, or be yet after a &s;ort conjoyned, mu&s;t al|wayes be removed:</Q> E&s;pecially if &s;uch be with the wound of the Skin. We make this di&s;tinction, becau&s;e we do not allow that Bones may be taken out in every fracture of the Skull or external Ul|cer: Nor mu&s;t all they, that are with a wound (as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ayes) be followed to the very end of the fracture, as &s;ome fooli&s;h Surgeons do, who that they may come to the utmo&s;t end of every frac|ture make an exceeding large, and a more mortal wound in the carnous part, now I call it a carnous part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> whatever is contained on the out&s;ide of the <HI>Cranium.</HI></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Contu&s;ions of the <HI>Cranium</HI> are &s;ome of them with fracture, others without fracture, and &s;ome of the&s;e with a Wound of the Skin, others without. But when the Contu&s;ion or Fracture are without a Wound, indeed the Surgeons bu&s;ine&s;s is doubtful, namely, Whether he &s;hould divide the Skin, and lay open the Bone, or in&s;i&s;t rather upon di&s;&s;olution and ex&s;iccation without &s;ection? Though this be an arduous que&s;tion, &s;ome may think it tri|vial, and pre&s;ently decide it for Cutting for the rea&s;ons following, namely, becau&s;e contu&s;ed Wounds putrefy, becau&s;e Blood gathered in the place of Contu&s;ion and extrava&s;ated (it is called an <GAP DESC="foreign">) it al&s;o is corrupted, and becau&s;e many other mi&s;chiefs u&s;ually follow: To &s;ay no|thing here of the Pain from exten&s;ion, and the mi&s;|chief ari&s;ing from the compre&s;&s;ion of the contu&s;ed Bone. But the Rea&s;ons which maintain the con|trary opinion are not enervous, namely, Becau&s;e tho&s;e contu&s;ions and fractures of Bones are more dangerous, difficult of cure, and of longer conti|nuance which are with Wounds, than tho&s;e (if there be otherwi&s;e a parity of ca&s;es) which are without. Wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaks mo&s;t skilfully <HI>comm.</HI> 3. <HI>de fract. textu</HI> 43. where he &s;ayes; <Q>You mu&s;t know, that all things which are under skin, delight much in skin, and that nothing which is under it, can be denudated of it without dam|mage. But what wonder, if tho&s;e things which have a proper and connate covering from the skin, be alwayes delighted with it, and be in|di&s;po&s;ed and troubled at all other things? Wherefore I have often ob&s;erved, when I have not cut off part of the Skin, but have laid on a|gain that which was &s;eparated, it has grown to|gether again, and which is more admirable, when immediately after the blow the place has been black.</Q> Whence we gather that the Skin mu&s;t not alwayes be opened, when it is not wholly divided, for the rea&s;ons alledged by <HI>Galen.</HI> Which I have &s;ometimes confirmed by experience. And that Bones, little or nothing made bare of their pro|per covering, do &s;ooner heal or &s;et, ordinary Pra|ctice proves, for experience &s;hewes that many, at lea&s;t &s;ome, fractures without a Wound, wherein many pieces of Bones are perceived to be &s;epara|ted from the main Bone, are &s;ooner cured, than a &s;mall contu&s;ion or fracture of the Bone with a Wound or tearing of the Skin. For in a fracture without a Wound, the Bones not altered by the Air or <HI>Pus,</HI> do ea&s;ily knit, if Inflammation can be hindred by Art. But in the other we mu&s;t tarry for exfoliation of the firm Bone, which al&s;o is not made till after many Months, and e&s;pecially if they be hard and great. But in the Head, becau&s;e they are thin, they &s;carce pa&s;s the &s;econd Month,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> with|out natural deter&s;ion or exfoliation.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Whether does all manner of Fever hinder the Trepanning of the Skull? <HI>Hippocrates l. c. n.</HI> 28. <Q>Wherefore when you under&s;tand that a Fever invades a Man, and from &s;everal other &s;igns, that it is coming upon him, we mu&s;t make no delay, but either perforate the Skull to the Membrane, or &s;crape it with a <HI>&s;calprum.</HI></Q> Which text is not unworthy of &s;ome di&s;cour&s;e, nor mu&s;t it be pa&s;t over without di&s;tinction. Certainly I have &s;een &s;ome cured, who were wounded in their head, with a hurt in their Skull, and taken with a Fever, whom I would not &s;uffer to be Trepanned. For every Fever does not per&s;wade Trepanning, but only that which is cau&s;ed by the Wound. But here lies the difficulty to di&s;tingui&s;h the one Fever from the other. Now the Fever which comes from a Wound, though u&s;ually it have the greater Fits every third day (which is common with all o|ther Cholerick Fevers) yet it has the&s;e things, as it were &s;pecifick, namely uncertain chilne&s;s, both as to duration, magnitude, and time of coming, which comes mo&s;t violently and oftene&s;t upon the critical dayes of the Wound; be&s;ides the Fever fit followes the cold on the critical day and uncer|tain &s;weats come, without any benefit. But yet it has this thing more e&s;pecial, that it rarely tinges the Urine, but it appears well concocted, in its perfect colour, as the Patient u&s;ed to have it. We may add &s;ome other things which follow, to wit, &s;ome trepidation in the Nerves, e&s;pecially in the Wri&s;t, drowzine&s;s, heavine&s;s of Eyes, difficulty in looking on the Light, or other things before enu|merated. And the&s;e are the things which <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> means by <HI>other Signs.</HI> Wherefore we mu&s;t not &s;ay, There is a Fever, therefore we mu&s;t Trepan, or, There is a Fever, therefore we mu&s;t not Tre|pan; But, A Fever is cau&s;ed by the Wound, therefore the Skull mu&s;t be Trepanned: Or al&s;o, though there be no Fever, but &s;ome other potent Symptomes, it mu&s;t be Trepanned, if the &s;trength be good, le&s;t you go about the work on the day of death and &s;o di&s;credit the Remedy to no pur|po&s;e. Therefore the &s;ooner you do it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;o much in|deed the better.</P>
<P N="40"><PB N="667" REF="299">XL. I mu&s;t needs take notice of this, a thing wherein &s;ometimes I have &s;een the ignorant offend, namely in &s;ection of the Skin, where the Fracture of the bone is great, in which Fragments of bones are wholly moveable and &s;evered one from ano|ther. Which often happens in them that are Wounded with the blow of a great &s;tick, or &s;ome &s;uch weapon, or by a violent fall, in the <HI>bregma</HI> e&s;|pecially, and in young men above all. Here, I &s;ay, in opening the Skin, too heavy a hand forces the Inci&s;ion knife into the Brain by the <HI>hiatus</HI> of the Frag|ments,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> wherefore here we mu&s;t act with the great|e&s;t care po&s;&s;ible.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Great care mu&s;t be taken in the u&s;e of the Trepan, for the circle mu&s;t be &s;earched with a Probe or with a blunt Elevatory, for oftentimes the Skull will be quite cut through on one &s;ide, the &s;econd Table on the other &s;ide almo&s;t remaining entire; which comes to pa&s;s either through the Arti&s;t's fault who perhaps holds not the Trepan to a perpen|dicular, or becau&s;e the Skull is not in all places a|like thick. When therefore the skull is in &s;ome place wholy divided, and in the re&s;t of the circuit cut &s;o thin, that it may be broken with an Elevatory, the Trepan mu&s;t be laid a&s;ide. And if any blood come from within, before you have taken out the Orbicular bone (as it often does) it will not be a|mi&s;s to let the bone alone for &s;ome days, accord|ing to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his advice. <HI>For in a perforated bone, left after perforation, no mi&s;chief can follow, for what is left is made thin.</HI> And the rea&s;on is this, that the brain may not &s;uffer from a Tegument, that is new, and aliene from its nature, &s;o that it is &s;afer to go from one extreme by little and little to the other, e&s;|pecialy when any blood comes after perforation, whereby perhaps the brain will not be a little re|lieved, unle&s;s it come from the membrane, wound|ed by the Arti&s;t. Such an operation mu&s;t be per|formed with a mo&s;t attent mind in tender age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> be|cau&s;e of the thinne&s;s and tenderne&s;s of the skull.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. In wounds made by &s;hot in the belly, after blood-letting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> purge the body, e&s;pecial|ly if it be full of bad juyces, carrying off &s;uch hu|mors, as you &s;hall find predominant; But we mu&s;t take great care, the Phy&s;ick do not vomit, e&s;|pecially when the wound is in any of the <HI>ventres.</HI> For it fills the Head and Brea&s;t, and vexes all the parts with its violent motion, and &s;ometimes pains them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. If the Bullet have pa&s;&s;ed through the <HI>Epiga&s;trium</HI> on each &s;ide, without hurting the Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Guts, Bladder, or any of the great Veins or Arteries, which it has been my for|tune &s;ometime to &s;ee (<HI>And I know, it &s;o happened &s;ome years agone, to the Generous Captain</HI> Jannavelt <HI>in</HI> Pied|mont, <HI>who lives well in health among us this year</HI> 1681. <HI>who, when he had fought a whole day, received a &s;hot in the middle of his</HI> Abdomen, <HI>without any of his Bowels being hurt.</HI>) I think the wound &s;hould not be enlarged, for it will do no good, but rather harm. Becau&s;e the greater the orifice is, the more will the Bow|els be burnt by the external Air. But if any of the parts afore&s;aid be wounded, the dilating the ori|fice of the wound in the <HI>Epiga&s;trium</HI> will do no good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &s;eeing there is no hope of a Cure.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. But if the Bullet remain within, and you have no certain &s;ign, that any of the &s;aid parts are hurt, you mu&s;t endeavour to get it out, the Patient lying upon his wound, and turning him&s;elf this way and that, yet &s;o as that the orifice of the wound may look directly to the ground: Then the experienced Arti&s;t mu&s;t &s;earch for it, and bring it out with a bended Probe. But if it cannot be found, and if the wound be in a part, which may &s;uffer dilatation without much danger, it mu&s;t be opened length-way of the mu&s;cles, till it will ad|mit a man's fore-finger. And the In&s;trument for dilatation mu&s;t not be &s;harp-pointed, le&s;t the Guts &s;hould be pricked; when you perceive the Bullet, you mu&s;t endeavour to get it out by Art, but if you cannot well do it let it alone. Certainly I have &s;een &s;ome &s;hot in the Belly who have lived after, with the Bullet, which it may be, had fallen out otherwi&s;e if we had been forced to &s;eek it and take it out. Among which there is an Armour-Smith now alive, who was &s;hot a little above the right Groin, and the Bullet lodged, but could not be got out, or &s;o much as be found; yet I would not &s;uffer the wound to be enlarged. Therefore it mu&s;t ra|ther be left within than make a Section,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem&punc;</NOTE> that is ei|ther dangerous, or but with little hopes of obtain|ing one's de&s;ir'd end.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<HEAD>Medicines e&s;pecially made u&s;e of by eminent Phy&s;icians.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1. A noble Bezoardick Pla&s;ter; Take of Wax 1 pound, Turpentine half a pound, dried Toad half an ounce, <HI>Bdellium</HI> 2 ounces and an half, white fran|kincen&s;e half an ounce, white Amber one ounce and an half, Serpent's Skin dried N^o. 1. Figs N^o. 8. incorporate and mix them all according to Art. In the end add prepared Magnet 1 drachm, <HI>liquor Ar&s;enicalis</HI> 2 ounces, Spirit of Salt half an ounce; Boyl them all, keeping them continually &s;tirring, then pour to them Oyl of Scorpions, 1 ounce and an half. Mix them. Make a Pla&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Agri|cola.</NOTE> It is very good in gun-&s;hot Wounds.</P>
<P N="2">2. This is an approved Medicine in a deep wound made by a Shot. Take of Bay-berries, root of <HI>Ari&s;tolochia rotunda</HI> each one drachm, Crabs dried in an oven 1 drachm and an half, dried Burnet half an ounce. Make a powder; which mu&s;t be boyled in 3 pounds of Wine to a third. Let the Patient drink 1 ounce every day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE> and foment the wound with it, or inject it into the wound.</P>
<P N="3">3. This drives out all poy&s;on from a poy&s;oned burnt wound by a &s;hot, as I have often tried, and though it be an ordinary Medicine, yet it may be reckoned a great &s;ecret; Take of Swallow-wort 1 ounce, Valerian, Tormentil, each half an ounce, Polypody 2 ounces, Garden Angelica 4 ounces, wild Angelica, Mar&s;h-mallow each two ounces, nettle 1 ounce and an half, root of <HI>Thymelaea</HI> 1 ounce and an half, root of Scabious, Valerian, each half an ounce. Let them be all gathered between the fifteenth of <HI>Augu&s;t</HI> and the eighth of <HI>September,</HI> which mu&s;t then be cut and put in a glazed pot well &s;topt, with a &s;ufficient quantity of vinegar, and &s;o let them &s;tand 12 hours. Then let them boyl an hour and an half. Then pour off the Vinegar, and when they are dried and beaten to powder, add,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Quercetanus.</NOTE> 12 ber|ries of the herb <HI>Paris</HI> and 36 leaves. Make a Pow|der, the do&s;e is 1 drachm in white wine.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="19" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="300">
<PB N="673" REF="300">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO The Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XIX. <HI>Concerning Remedies borrow'd from Diet, Surgery and Pharmacy.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Acidulae,</HI> or Mineral Waters.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They cure contrary Di&s;tempers. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not to be drunk ra&s;hly. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the nece&s;&s;ary quantity &s;hould be drunk together at one draught. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what quantity they are to be drunk. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The greate&s;t do&s;e is not to be taken it the beginning. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether when one is come to the highe&s;t Do&s;e, he mu&s;t keep to it. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nece&s;&s;ary quantity to be drunk in as little time as may be. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How many dayes they are to be drunk. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be drunk cold or hot. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be emptied when they will not pa&s;s of them&s;elves. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the &s;moaking Tabaco help their pa&s;&s;age. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Lying in Bed furthers their pa&s;&s;age. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Riding is better than Foot-exerci&s;e. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t Purge once in eight or ten dayes. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How one may know when to Dine. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sleep at Noon is to be avoided. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Waters are not to be drunk in the Evening. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Women &s;hould de&s;i&s;t upon their Terms flowing. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether leanne&s;s alwayes prohibit their u&s;e. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Divers cautions in their u&s;e. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether artificial <HI>Acidulae</HI> can be prepared. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Victuals may be boyled in them. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of what parts <HI>Acidulae</HI> con&s;i&s;t, what Waters are under&s;tood by that name, and of their vertue in general. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>SPaw-Waters</HI> being endowed with the facul|ties of both hot and cold Minerals; mu&s;t needs cure both hot and cold Di&s;tempers, in the &s;ame and in divers Bodies. And &s;eeing it is the property of heat to rari|fie, incide and attenuate; and of cold to conden&s;e, a&s;tringe and incra&s;&s;ate; 'tis no wonder that the&s;e waters produce contrary effects, namely (for in|&s;tance) both procure the Terms in Women, and al&s;o &s;top their immoderate flowing. For the&s;e Wa|ters are an Empirical Medicine, and the &s;ame thing happens to them as to Treacle, which &s;eeing it is compounded without rea&s;on, and receives into it many things that are &s;uperfluous and repugnant to one another,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, <HI>cap.</HI> 9. &amp; 13.</NOTE> comes to cure various and tho&s;e con|trary Di&s;tempers.</P>
<P N="2">II. A poor Country-Fellow being a long time troubled with Bleeding at the No&s;e and with the <HI>fluxus hepaticus,</HI> drank the Mineral waters di&s;orderly, ob&s;erving neither hour nor &s;ea&s;on: yea in the ve|ry drinking of them, whil&s;t others u&s;e Anni&s;eedS or Lozenges to warm their Stomachs, he eat raw Ap|ples, laughing at tho&s;e that advis'd him better: But before a Month went about, one of his Legs gangren'd, &s;o that he was glad to have it cut off; and within a Month more the like Gangrene &s;eis'd upon the Arm of the other &s;ide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 23.</NOTE> about which whil&s;t con&s;ultation was had whether it &s;hould be cut off al&s;o, the poor Man died mi&s;erably.</P>
<P N="3">III. Whether &s;hould the nece&s;&s;ary quantity be drunk all together, or be divided into &s;everal Do|&s;es? This latter way is the &s;afer: for 1. being drunk at one draught, the Stomach is &s;o loaden with it that it vomits it up: or 2. if it &s;hould be kept, its weight would make it pa&s;s through &s;o quickly, that its vertue could not be put into act, nor it &s;elf be di&s;tributed into the Body: and 3. &s;ee|ing they are drunk actually cold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sebi&s;. <HI>p.</HI> 546.</NOTE> they would of|fend the Stomach by their coldne&s;s.</P>
<P N="4">IV. No Nation &s;eems to drink Mineral waters more freely than the <HI>Italian,</HI> for <HI>Fallopius</HI> pre&s;cribes them to 120 ounces. The <HI>Germans</HI> are more &s;paring, for <HI>Andernacus</HI> will not have the large&s;t Do&s;e to be above twenty &s;even ounces. Though we cannot appoint a certain mea&s;ure, which may be as a <HI>Stan|dard,</HI> yet we think it profitable to expre&s;s in &s;ome latitude the lea&s;t, middle and greate&s;t Do&s;e: For people that are grown up let the lea&s;t Do&s;e be eight or twelve ounces, the middle thirty two, the highe&s;t, &s;ixty four. And that a convenient quan|tity
<PB N="674" REF="301"> may be pre&s;cribed, we mu&s;t con&s;ider the cir|cum&s;tances, as, the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Temperament, Strength, Age and Sex of the Patient, the climate, time of year, manner of life, cu&s;tom, habit of Bo|dy, parts affected, and the like. Of which, the <HI>greatne&s;s</HI> and vehemence of the Di&s;temper is the <HI>In|dicant</HI> properly &s;o called; th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>&s;trength</HI> of the Pati|ent is the <HI>Permitte<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> or <HI>Prohiben<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> the other circum|&s;tances are the &s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ns of the weakne&s;s or vigour of this:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>53.</HI></NOTE> But the mo&s;t certain ru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> for t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> quantity is the Euphory or well-bearing, when the Stomach di&s;pen&s;es well with it. But daily experience &s;hews, that tho&s;e that drink the <HI>Spaw</HI>-waters but in &s;mall quantity, receive but &s;mall benefit by them, yea are often prejudic'd: whereas tho&s;e that drink them plentifully, are cur'd of great Di|&s;tempers by them: &s;o that <HI>Frambe&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> &s;ayes rightly, that the more one drinks, the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e good he re|cei<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">es, if &s;o b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> they pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ll: T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">erefore let eve|ry one con&s;ider his Stomach, how much Water he can bear, and how &s;oon he pa&s;&s;es it; and let this be his rule,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer Spa|dacien. <HI>p.</HI> 114.</NOTE> <HI>That the be&s;t Indication is taken from Hurters and Helpers.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Authors advi&s;e to a&s;cend by degrees to the highe&s;t Do&s;e, that the Stomach may be inured by little and little to the Waters as being actually cold, and al&s;o that it may be under&s;tood how the Patient will be upon the drinking of them, for a mans peculiar temper does not pre&s;ently appear. But we here admoni&s;h again, that re&s;pect is not to be had &s;o much to the number of cups, as to the Euphory or well-bearing of the Patient, and that the mea&s;ure is to be accommodated to every ones nature.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sebi&s;. <HI>p.</HI> 516.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. When one is once come to the highe&s;t Do&s;e, &s;ome advi&s;e to keep to it till the end: But be|cau&s;e experience teaches that the di&s;ea&s;ed can &s;el|dome hold to the greate&s;t Do&s;e for four or five dayes, but that they fall into Vomiting, Fainting, or difficulty of Breath; it is more advi&s;eable to follow the coun&s;el of <HI>Herodotus</HI> in <HI>Oriba&s;ius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin. de Inq. <HI>Sect.</HI> 1.</NOTE> viz. to de&s;|cend by degrees till one come again to the fir&s;t and lea&s;t quantity.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Ryetius</HI> admoni&s;hes prudently, to drink that quantity which a Man pre&s;cribes to him&s;elf, in as little a time as may be, that is, to make an end of it in half an hour: for otherwi&s;e, &s;eeing the&s;e wa|ters pa&s;s quickly, it would come to pa&s;s that the fir&s;t &s;hould pa&s;s before the la&s;t be drunk: which although <HI>Fallopius</HI> allow, yet 'tis generally di&s;liked, becau&s;e by this means the la&s;t would be evacuated more &s;lowly to the great prejudice of the drink|ers; and this is proved by daily experience, and as many as have been often at the <HI>Spaw,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer <HI>p.</HI> 119.</NOTE> will &s;ub|&s;cribe to the truth of it.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Some pre&s;cribe a <HI>certain number</HI> of dayes: others have regard to the colour and con&s;i&s;tence of the evacuated water, which if for two dayes toge|ther it be &s;uch as before it was drunk, they then think 'tis time to ab&s;tain: We think they are to be drunk &s;o long as the Patients bear them well, without confining them to a certain number of dayes; and that they are al&s;o to be drunk &s;o long as &s;eems nece&s;&s;ary for the perfect cure, or at lea&s;t for the bettering or manife&s;t change of the di&s;ea|&s;ed. But as for the two fir&s;t opinions we can &s;ub|&s;cribe to neither; for as for the <HI>fir&s;t,</HI> it is impo&s;&s;i|ble to pre&s;cribe a certain number of dayes becau&s;e of the diver&s;ity of Di&s;ea&s;es and Morbifick cau&s;es; and as to the <HI>&s;econd,</HI> it cannot be a certain rule, &s;ee|ing the Waters are u&s;ed not only in Di&s;ea&s;es with matter, for Humours contained in the Veins, but in Di&s;ea&s;es without matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sebi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>p.</HI> 509</NOTE> for altering and &s;trengthning.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Some will have them warmed, le&s;t they of|fend the Stomach and Bowels with their coldne&s;s: but experience teaches that many thou&s;ands drink your <HI>Acidulae</HI> cold without any prejudice. Yea they ought not to be heated, 1. becau&s;e thereby they be|come white, frothy, turbid, and &s;ome of them red, whence is intimated a lo&s;s of their vertue by evo|cation of their Spirits, which al&s;o happens to other Liquors, as Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. being drunk lukewarm they loo&s;e the tone of the Stomach and are vomit|ed up. Yet le&s;t by their coldne&s;s they &s;hould of|fend an empty Stomach, being taken out of the Well let them be held a little in ones hand in a clo&s;ed Ve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">el, tha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> by that means they may lo&s;e &s;omewhat <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f their coldne&s;s; and let them be &s;wal|lowed lei&s;urely, that as they de&s;cend into the Sto|mach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>583.</HI></NOTE> they may be a little warmed by the parts they pa&s;s through, <HI>viz.</HI> the Mouth and Gullet.</P>
<P N="10">X. If the Waters altogether <HI>&s;tagnate</HI> or abide in the Body, as it happens to &s;ome, what is to be done? I an&s;wer, there are divers receptacles of the Water in &s;uch ca&s;es: If therefore they &s;tay in the Inte&s;tines, which is known by rumbl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ng o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the Belly, by belthing, by te<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ion and weight o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the <HI>abdomen,</HI> then on the &s;ame day inject a Cly&s;ter of the &s;ame water with an ounce or two of <HI>hiera picra,</HI> or of <HI>hiera Logadii</HI> or al&s;o of <HI>hiera diacolocynthis,</HI> and &s;o you &s;hall bring the water all away: But if this &s;uc|ceed not, then try a &s;harper Cly&s;ter, and the day following admini&s;ter &s;ome purger of the Phlegm that has hindered the pa&s;&s;age of the Waters, and do this for two or three dayes together if it be nece&s;&s;ary, omitting in the mean time the u&s;e of the Waters. But if the Water be retained in the Veins, which is known by the ab&s;ence of belching, and of rumbling and &s;welling of the Belly, let the Body be purged the next day (for the ab&s;ence of pain pre&s;&s;es not for a Cly&s;ter on that day) with Pills of <HI>hiera</HI> with <HI>agarick,</HI> or with <HI>Pii. Alo&euml;phanginae</HI> being taken to three &s;cruples and an half, and af|terwards procure &s;weating: If the&s;e Pills bring not away the Water, <HI>Fallopius</HI> advi&s;es to add a grain or two of <HI>Elaterium</HI> to one Do&s;e of the &s;aid Pills. Yea <HI>Fallopius</HI> was wont, for the making of the Mine|ral Waters pa&s;s, to give &s;omething of <HI>Elaterium</HI> fir&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, <HI>p.</HI> 140.</NOTE> and after that the Water, with very good &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The Engli&s;h upon drinking the Waters pre|&s;ently &s;moke a pipe of Tabaco, which I do not di&s;allow; but it would do better if by holding their Breath they kept the &s;moke longer in their Mouth, and did not &s;o quickly puff it out. For none can doubt, but the fiery <HI>&s;moke of Tabaco,</HI> when there is no other pa&s;&s;age granted it, by de&s;cending into the Stomach mu&s;t heat the Waters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>120.</HI></NOTE> and &s;o ha&s;t|en the pi&s;&s;ing or exit of them.</P>
<P N="12">XII. I have &s;een &s;ome <HI>go to bed</HI> about two hours after they have drunk the Waters, covering them|&s;elves warm, and thereby to have procured a very quick pa&s;&s;age for them: yea very many have found this means more available than any other exer|ci&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>121.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. After drinking the Water the Body is to be exerci&s;ed &s;ome way, or one mu&s;t return home, which it will be better to do on Hor&s;e-back or in a Coach than on Foot, as certain experience teach|es. For be&s;ides that &s;uch as travel on Foot, are apt to &s;weat, and &s;o the <HI>Serum</HI> being diverted ano|ther way will flow more &s;paringly by Urine; &s;it|ting upon an Hor&s;e or in a Coach compre&s;&s;es the Mu&s;cles of the Belly and the Inte&s;tines, yea and the Stomach it &s;elf, and agitates the Body more &s;trong|ly, whence the Waters being &s;ooner heated are readilier pi&s;t out,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>120.</HI></NOTE> as will be mo&s;t clear to any one that &s;hall try it.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. He that will provide well for his Health, mu&s;t take a Purge once in eight, ten or twelve dayes, drinking no water for that day: for thus the waters will pa&s;s more freely, and the whole puddle of Humours being wa&s;ht away,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>100.</HI></NOTE> the Body will be left mo&s;t &s;ound: Let Phy&s;icians there|fore give this direction to their Patients.</P>
<P N="15"><PB N="675" REF="301">XV. <HI>Socrates</HI> &s;aid, that the hour for rich men to dine is when they will, and for the poor when they have wherewith: Here we mu&s;t dine when all or the greate&s;t part of the water is emptied ei|ther inttohe Clo&s;e-&s;tool or Chamber-pot. But be|cau&s;e &s;ome, e&s;pecially on the fir&s;t days, evacuate but little, or it may be but half the water, that they may not hurt them&s;elves by deferring dinner too long, let them take this for a &s;ign when they may conveniently dine: If any one upon drinking the waters make &s;ome white Urine, as all u&s;e to do, and after, that which is coloured, let him dine &s;ecurely, for it is certain that the remainder of the water that is contained in his Body, is re|tained for &s;ome other u&s;e by Nature which is the di&s;pen&s;er of what is taken: or however when for about two hours he has cea&s;ed to pi&s;s, or to go to &s;tool, if the water work that way, he need not fear but he may dine &s;afely. Let him &s;up when his Appetite or his rea&s;on judges that his dinner is concocted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>150.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. There is nothing wor&s;e for tho&s;e that drink the waters than <HI>&s;leeping at Noon,</HI> for it hinders their Operation, (&s;eeing it dulls their nature, who&s;e office it is, after a good dige&s;tion is made, to expell &s;uperfluities) and al&s;o &s;huts up the hu|mours that ought to be thrown out of the Body, in &s;ome part where they putrefie. Be&s;ides, this &s;leep ought rather to be a&s;cribed to mineral vapors than to Nature, &s;o that it dulls the head, heats the body, and hence cau&s;es fluxions. Moreover &s;eeing it is &s;hort, and therefore pre&s;ently cea&s;es to promote the concoction of the Stomach, when they are awaked, the meat comes to float through the Belly; and the bile, which is wont to be mo|ved outward at that time, is revoked inward by this fleep, where being collected it may cau&s;e a Fever, or if it &s;tay long, be excocted into a Me|lancholick juice. La&s;tly there mu&s;t needs be cau&s;ed by this &s;leep contrary motions of the juices in the Body, <HI>viz.</HI> by the day-light which calls them out, and by the &s;leep that recalls them inwards. But if any (as many of the <HI>Italians</HI>) have much u&s;ed him|&s;elf to Noon-&s;leep, becau&s;e there is little or no pa&s;&s;ion from things that one is accu&s;tom'd to, let him attribute &s;omething to his cu&s;tom, and &s;itting upright in a Chair, but not lying along on a Bed, let him rather &s;lumber than &s;leep.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>132.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Towards Evening before Supper many &s;ay that the Waters are to be drunk again, but only in half the quantity that was taken in the Morning: but I have &s;eldom &s;een that drinking them at this time has done any one good: There|fore unle&s;s one have an extraordinary &s;trong Sto|mach, let him drink little or none before Supper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. p. <HI>133.</HI></NOTE> unle&s;s perhaps it be to quench his thir&s;t.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. It often happens that while Women are drinking the Waters, their Terms &s;upervene, and yet they think they ought to per&s;i&s;t: But we think they ought rather to forbear, 1. Becau&s;e the wa|ters provoke the Terms, whence there is fear that the flux &s;hould become immoderate and not to be &s;topt, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e who have large Ve&s;|&s;els and much and thin Blood: and 2. Becau&s;e no nece&s;&s;ity pre&s;&s;es that two evacuations &s;hould be attempted at the &s;ame time, and your <HI>acidu|lae</HI> for the mo&s;t part evacuate either by &s;tool or Urine.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Although your <HI>Acidulae</HI> dry, yet there is no rea&s;on for the debarring of <HI>emaciated</HI> People from the u&s;e of them, for fear their Soul, which is &s;eated in heat and moi&s;ture, &s;hould be expelled: for we have &s;een the drie&s;t per&s;ons and &s;uch as have &s;eem'd to be almo&s;t without Blood (rather living Carca&s;es than men) to become fle&s;hy and in good plight by the u&s;e of the&s;e Waters: namely the ob&s;truction of the Me&s;araicks and Liver being removed and the Stomach &s;trengthened, better chyle has been tran&s;mittd to the Veins, whereby they have been repleni&s;hed with good Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer, de acid S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">adar. <HI>p. m.</HI> 66</NOTE> which &s;oon filled the Mu&s;cles with fle&s;h.</P>
<P N="20">XX. They who&s;e Stomach has wholly lo&s;t its oeconomy; They who cannot warm the Waters either by their natural heat or by &s;uch as is acqui|red by Medicines; They who&s;e vital Parts are almo&s;t extingui&s;ht; who have a long time labour'd under &s;hortne&s;s of Breath; who&s;e Brea&s;t is di&s;ten|ded with a drop&s;ie of the Lungs; who (if they be adult) cannot bear about eighty ounces of Wa|ter; let none &s;uch come to the <HI>Spaw</HI> waters, unle&s;s they would go wor&s;e away than they came, or be buried there. Such as come, having invoked God and con&s;ulted the Phy&s;ician, having left cares at home, and with a &s;erene mind being intent only upon their health, let them betimes in the Morn|ing, but the Sun being fir&s;t up, (when they have clear'd their Body of its excrements through all the pa&s;&s;ages) drink as much water as they can, &s;o their Stomach be not oppre&s;t: let them evacuate by Urine or Stool what they have drunk: when they have evacuated the greate&s;t part, let them dine: after dinner let them drive away &s;leep by play, walking, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> let them Sup &s;paringly: taking a &s;hort walk after Supper let them go betimes to Bed: and let them follow this cour&s;e of Life,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Spa|dacr. <HI>p.</HI> 150.</NOTE> till the Phy&s;ician &s;hall advi&s;e them to depart.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Some Chymi&s;ts promi&s;e a certain compen|dium of your <HI>Acidulae,</HI> and pretend that they can do as much by a certain &s;alt powder given to a few grains, believing that the Stomach is offended by the great quantity of water, which a little powder cannot do. But this is a mi&s;take; for this is the prerogative of mineral waters, that they do not offend the Stomach though taken in a large quantity; in the mean time they pa&s;s through all the Ve&s;&s;els, and what&s;oever vitious matter they meet with, they wa&s;h and clean&s;e it away, which a few grains of any &s;alt powder cannot do, if one con&s;ider the great number of Me&s;araick Ve&s;&s;els, to which a few grains bear no proportion, &s;o as that the &s;alt &s;hould be di&s;tributed to them all: to &s;ay nothing of that &s;ingular mixture that is made by Nature, which Art cannot imitate; and that the vertue is not &s;eated &s;o much in any fixt &s;alt as in a volatile Spirit, which ea&s;ily vani&s;hes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>pract. l.</HI> 3. <HI>part.</HI> 5. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 6.</NOTE> Nor mu&s;t we ra&s;hly pa&s;s judgment of the qualities of the&s;e Waters: for if we &s;ee that they con&s;i&s;t of <HI>(v. g.)</HI> Alum, Sulphur, Iron, Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we mu&s;t not pre|&s;ently conclude, Therefore they have the &s;ame ver|tues with the Minerals they con&s;i&s;t of. For accor|ding to <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de vet. medic. In Man</HI> (and other Mixts) <HI>there is bitter, &s;alt, acid, in&s;ipid, which being mixt and contemper'd are neither di&s;cerned nor offend: But when any one of the&s;e &s;hall be &s;eparated and exi&s;t by it &s;elf, then it both becomes con&s;picuous and affects a Man,</HI> and &s;o obtains another vertue of affecting. Hence gather that the qualities of Mineral Waters are to be enquired af|ter by experience rather than by rea&s;on; and that they are an Empirical Medicine whereby di|vers and contrary Di&s;tempers are cured. See an example of artificial <HI>Acidul</HI> in <HI>Platerus</HI>'s Ob&s;ervati|ons <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 610. where he &s;ayes, that &s;ome mix Spirit of Vitriol with <HI>Acidulae,</HI> that they may ac|quire an acidity, but I have ob&s;erved that that has prov'd prejudicial to many. <HI>Willis</HI> &s;ayes that he can make Artificial as effectual and grateful as the Na|tural.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. It is the opinion of &s;ome, that it is con|venient to boil Victuals in Mineral Waters; but I do not approve of it, 1. becau&s;e the u&s;e of Me|dicaments ought not to be continual, for by that means they become &s;o familiar to Nature that they will effect little. 2. Nature is not perpetually to be tir'd with Medicines, but at Dinner and Supper time to be refre&s;hed with mere aliments, that &s;he may endure the cure which is &s;ometimes wont to la&s;t three, four or five Weeks. 3. Medicaments do infect aliments: and the&s;e on the other hand
<PB N="676" REF="302"> dull the vertue of tho&s;e. 4. Mineral Waters do in no wi&s;e pa&s;s into the nouri&s;hment of the Body, and therefore if they &s;hould be detained too long by the Food, they would be corrupted, for through the thinne&s;s and purity of their &s;ub&s;tance, they are ea&s;ily alter'd. 5. If Victuals &s;hould be boil'd in the Waters, it &s;hould <HI>either</HI> be for <HI>profit,</HI> but then they would have but little vertue; <HI>or</HI> for <HI>nece&s;&s;ity,</HI> but if they be drank twice aday, they are taken in a quantity &s;ufficient either for evacuation or altera|tion; <HI>or</HI> la&s;tly for <HI>plea&s;ure,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sebi&s;. <HI>p.</HI> 617.</NOTE> but &s;o by boiling they lo&s;e their grateful ta&s;te, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Your Mineral waters, commonly called <HI>Acidulae,</HI> for the mo&s;t part are wont to &s;pring from a mixture of the Spirit of Vitriol, &s;al Nitre and Alum (which Minerals are indeed &s;ometimes found &s;imple, but more often mixt more or le&s;s with other Minerals in the Bowels of the Earth, e&s;pecially with Iron.) There is great plenty of the&s;e Springs in divers Countreys, in tho&s;e e&s;peci|ally that abound with Iron Mines: <HI>Germany</HI> alone affords near a thou&s;and, as <HI>Bernhard Varenus</HI> affirms in his <HI>Geograph. general.</HI> cap. 17. lib. 1. But in <HI>Britain</HI> the more Famous are tho&s;e of <HI>Barnet, Ep&s;om, Tun|bridge, A&s;trop, Scarburgh,</HI> and that which &s;prings out of S. <HI>Vincent</HI>'s Rock near <HI>Bri&s;tol.</HI> And the ex|cellent vertues of the&s;e <HI>Acidulae</HI> both in reducing the over-fervent Blood to a ju&s;t temper, and al&s;o in clean&s;ing it gently from Sulphureo-&s;aline impu|rities both by Urine and Per&s;piration, yea, and in opening ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, are &s;o well known not to Phy&s;icians only, but al&s;o to the un|learned multitude, that they need not be publi&s;hed by me. Nor need I &s;tand in pre&s;cribing rules in the due u&s;e of them; for that is done by others. But I think good to intimate this in general, that the <HI>Do&s;e</HI> is to be increas'd or le&s;&s;en'd daily accord|ing to the quicker or &s;lower pa&s;&s;age of the Wa|ters, ob&s;erving a due regiment in the mean time both in Diet and Exerci&s;e: and that a longer or &s;horter time is to be &s;pent in drinking the <HI>Acidulae,</HI> according to the greater or le&s;&s;er Euphory and emolument of the drinker.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gualt. Charlton. de Scorb. <HI>p.</HI> 184.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Ad&s;tringents.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The &s;ame are not convenient in all Ca&s;es. <HI>I. &amp; III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Medicines made of <HI>Mars</HI> a&s;tringe. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;pect is to be had to the Parts and Humors. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed of binding too much. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t we mu&s;t a&s;tringe &s;paringly. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be a&s;tringent Cly&s;ters. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In &s;ome Ca&s;es that require A&s;triction, Openers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are of u&s;e. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not rely much on <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> for a&s;tri|ction. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Tormentil is to be preferred before Bi&s;tort. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Univer&s;al and common Indicant for <HI>A&s;tri|ction</HI> is the loo&s;ne&s;s of the &s;olid Parts, chiefly, and next of the moi&s;t; or in particular, 1. <HI>The loo&s;|ne&s;s of the Parietes, Walls</HI> or Sides of the Parts; hence A&s;tringents are convenient in &s;trengthning the Bow|els when they are too loo&s;e, and hence they are called, and are, <HI>Tonicks:</HI> So A&s;tringents al&s;o conduce to the moderating of the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood, and re&s;i&s;ting of Putrefaction; whence many of them are al&s;o Alexipharmacks: For the e&s;&s;ence of malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially the Plague, &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t in the re&s;olution of the Blood, when its con&s;i&s;tence is &s;o perverted, that it is not &s;ufficient for Vital actions, but the <HI>Serum</HI> and Blood are par|ted: of which &s;ort are both Acids, and mucilagi|nous precipitants, and al&s;o Bal&s;amick diaphore|ticks. 2. <HI>The rarity of the Pores.</HI> 3. <HI>The mobility of the humors.</HI> 4. <HI>The &s;olution of the unity of the Membranes and Ve&s;&s;els.</HI> 5. <HI>The con&s;equent eruption of the humors, &s;ometimes of the Blood and Serum.</HI> Now a&s;tringents, that are owing to the&s;e Indicants, are of divers kinds, which although they all agree <HI>in uno tertio,</HI> and in|tend one and the &s;ame end, yet as <HI>Galen</HI> notes, 3. <HI>de &s;ang. mi&s;&s;. c.</HI> 15. this or that A&s;tringent Medicine, be&s;ides its a&s;triction, has &s;everal other qualities, and therefore cannot obtain altogether the &s;ame effect; or, Different effects are ob&s;erved to pro|ceed from different A&s;tringents: For that which a&s;tringes, be&s;ides a&s;triction is either Acrimonious, or Fat, or Sweet, or Bitter, or Salt, or Acid; whereby is manife&s;tly intimated what difference there is in the choice of A&s;tringents for this or the other purpo&s;e. In general, <HI>A&s;tringents</HI> are cold and dry; and, according to <HI>Cartes,</HI> their vertue con&s;i&s;ts in a certain thickne&s;s and figure of Parts, whereby they con&s;tringe the Parts of another Body like a wedge, or twine them like Fiddle-&s;trings. Therefore the active principles, Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, are le&s;s vigorous in them, or at lea&s;t are immer&s;ed in earthy Parts, and as it were fix|ed. And they are either 1. <HI>Earthy,</HI> drying and ab&s;orbing, which a&s;tringe with biting, as <HI>bolus Arm.</HI> Corals, <HI>lapis haematites, terra &s;igillata,</HI> Chalk, <HI>crocus Martis,</HI> &amp;c. or 2. <HI>Sowr</HI> and <HI>Au&s;tere,</HI> as Bi&s;tort, Tor|mentil, Alum, Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which abound with an a&s;tringing au&s;tere Salt, either vegetable or me|tallick, with earthy Parts; or 3. <HI>Acid,</HI> as Vine|gar, the &s;pirit of Vitriol, Simple and Martial: of which we mu&s;t note, fir&s;t, that <HI>acid A&s;tringents</HI> are more proper for <HI>fluxil Humors,</HI> both in the Ve&s;&s;els and out of them, which they coagulate as it were and fa&s;ten; but not &s;o proper for the <HI>Pores</HI> and <HI>Parietes;</HI> whence they are convenient inwardly in Hemorrha|gies, as &s;uppo&s;e of the No&s;e; Thus we have cured Scorbutical Hemorrhagies with Spirit of Vitriol, in regard Acids do in this manner coagulate the flu|id Blood: but Acids are not &s;o convenient for the Pores or <HI>Parietes</HI> rather, for coming thither they incide, dilate, and exa&s;perate the humors the more. <HI>Secondly,</HI> therefore we mu&s;t not always rely on acid A&s;tringents, for they do not &s;o con&s;tringe the Pores as do au&s;tere, &s;owr, and other &s;typ|ticks, but they are withal indued with a thinne&s;s of Parts: whence tho&s;e that u&s;e to give Acids in dy&s;enteries, <HI>diarrhaea</HI>'s, &s;pitting of Blood, and where&s;oever the Pores of the Parts or the Mem|branes are affected as to their &s;ub&s;tance, can &s;el|dom boa&s;t of any good effect. Or 4. They are <HI>Empla&s;tick,</HI> whether <HI>oleous,</HI> which ob&s;truct the Pores, or <HI>gummous, mucilaginous, vi&s;cid,</HI> and empla&s;tick pro|perly &s;o called, as Gum Arabick, <HI>&s;anguis draconis,</HI> Ma&s;tich and <HI>Farinae,</HI> or Flowers. 5. Some al&s;o are <HI>&s;weet,</HI> as Che&s;tnuts; &s;ome bitter, as Aloes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or 6. <HI>Bal&s;amick</HI> withal, being endued with a Sulphur immer&s;ed in terrene Parts, whether <HI>implicitly,</HI> another quality predominating, whence Medicins properly called <HI>cold</HI> are al&s;o a&s;tringent, as galls, <HI>acacia,</HI> Pomegranate rinds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or explicitely, as Aloes, (which u&s;ed outwardly a&s;tringes) Myrrhe, Nutmeg, the rind of Frankin&s;ence, Cinamon, which latter indeed are hot and joyned with Acri|mony, yet through their manner of &s;ub&s;tance, (in regard it has both an Empla&s;tick vertue and drying earthy Parts) they are a&s;tringent (&s;o the <HI>caput mortuum</HI> from the di&s;tillation of Cinamon-water powerfully a&s;tringes) but they are com|monly improperly called &s;o; for they are ei|ther not u&s;ed inwardly for a&s;tringing, as Aloes; or they benefit by &s;trengthning the heat withal, and al&s;o confirming the <HI>Parietes,</HI> on which account Nutmeg &s;tays vomiting. Or 7. They are <HI>E&s;charoticks,</HI> which do not properly a&s;tringe any more than
<PB N="677" REF="302"> the former, but ina&s;much as they con&s;ume the flow|ing humor, and induce a Cru&s;t upon the Parts, they come to leave an a&s;triction behind them, even as Fire is u&s;ed to &s;top the hemorrhagies of the Ve&s;&s;els in the cutting off of Limbs; &s;o Lime, Spirit of Vitriol and Vinegar have place in &s;ome ca&s;es. Or 8. they are <HI>Figents,</HI> &s;uch as are Narco|ticks and Opiats.</P>
<P N="2">II. Medicines made of <HI>Mars</HI> (Steel or Iron) are of a middle Nature, and are u&s;ed both for opening and binding. But note, that &s;uch of them as are more vitriolated, and have the metallick Salt more explicit, open more; and &s;uch as are more terrene and changed into ochre, bind more.</P>
<P N="3">III. Internal A&s;tringents mu&s;t be agreeable both to the <HI>Parts</HI> for which they are de&s;igned, and al&s;o to the <HI>humors</HI> and cau&s;e; for &s;ome are more proper than others: Thus <HI>Aromatick</HI> a&s;tringents are more agreeable to the Stomach, as Nutmeg, Treacle, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Which if they be not to be u&s;ed alone, are at lea&s;t to be mixed with others: For it is mo&s;t true, that <HI>Armatick</HI> a&s;tringents are better for the Sto|mach, and therefore for <HI>diarrhoea</HI>'s, dy&s;enteries, and vomitings. <HI>Acids</HI> al&s;o are more agreeable to the Stomach; for Vinegar is good for the Stomach both to foment it withal and to drink, unle&s;s there be &s;ome ero&s;ion in it or in the Inte&s;tins, yet even then Acids are good outwardly. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Lungs, Re&s;olvers</HI> are to be mixt with them; of the <HI>Liver,</HI> penetrating <HI>Acids;</HI> of the <HI>Head, Bal&s;amicks:</HI> So if the matter be too Fluxile and Acrimonious, Mucilaginous A&s;tringents are more proper; if malignant, as in an Epidemick dy&s;entery, Bezoar|dicks are to be added, or A&s;tringents endued with that quality are to be cho&s;en, as <HI>Tormentil, Terra Lemnia,</HI> &amp;c. So if there be an acrimony of the Humors, and a &s;trong irritation of the membra|nous Parts, fixers are to be mixed with a&s;tringents; for in this Ca&s;e both the&s;e being mixed together perform that more happily which one could ex|pect from either of them alone: So, for example, Opiats do indeed &s;top <HI>Diarrhoea</HI>'s and dy&s;enteries, and A&s;tringents left to them&s;elves &s;top the &s;ame; but &s;eeing Opiats do more fix the Humors, and A&s;tringents more defend the <HI>Parietes</HI> of the irritated Parts, hence <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> mixt with a Styp|tick Powder is of greater efficacy becau&s;e it at|tends both, and &s;o fulfills the intention the more happily: Where the Parts are to be defended, the terrene profit more.</P>
<P N="4">IV. We mu&s;t never a&s;tringe too much, le&s;t the Pores &s;ub&s;ide too much, and by that means can hardly be relaxed: Hence al&s;o in a Dy&s;entery, for example, from the too great u&s;e of A&s;tringents there often ari&s;es anxiety, dangerous Ulcers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for Fluxes often require rather to be moderated than &s;topt, and all things are to be done according to natures direction; wherefore Aromatick Re|&s;olvents, or Openers are profitably mixed with A&s;tringents.</P>
<P N="5">V. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Brea&s;t</HI> in general we mu&s;t a&s;tringe &s;paringly; both becau&s;e the tone of the Lungs rejoyces in laxity, and al&s;o becau&s;e the vi&s;|cous, hot or bilious Matter may ea&s;ily be expelled to the heart becau&s;e of its vicinity: hence they are not good in a <HI>&s;queaking &s;mall voice, &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, difficulty of Breathing and A&s;thma, Inflammation of the Lungs, or Pleuri&s;ie;</HI> For they incra&s;&s;ate the Hu|mors the more, fa&s;ten them in the Part, and make them unfit for expectoration, yea bring on a &s;uf|focation.</P>
<P N="6">VI. There are no <HI>a&s;tringent Cly&s;ters</HI> properly &s;o cal|led, becau&s;e all moi&s;ture injected into the &s;treight gut, as being &s;trange to it, irritates it, even water it &s;elf: yet they are called a&s;tringent, and tho&s;e are pre&s;cribed which by a certain mucilage re&s;tore the <HI>mucus</HI> of the inte&s;tines that was fretted off, and are made of milk, Deer-&s;uet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;uch as <HI>Minderus</HI> chiefly commends: yet even this way they dilute and temperate rather than a|&s;tringe.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In &s;ome Ca&s;es though the Flux cea&s;e, and &s;o likewi&s;e the mobility and eruption of the Hu|mors; yet a&s;tringents are &s;o far from benefiting, that they rather hurt; for in&s;tance, the immode|rate flux of the Terms, e&s;pecially in the hypoch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n|driacal, is often cau&s;ed from an <HI>ob&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els,</HI> whereby the Blood cannot circulate freely, whence Nature being burthen'd &s;eeks other ways for the pa&s;&s;age of the Blood. In like manner when the &s;ame immoderate Flux is <HI>from plenty of Blood,</HI> there a&s;tringents profit not: There is an Indicant indeed for a&s;triction, but this is the la&s;t thing, or the end; but he that will attain the end mu&s;t al&s;o attend the means, and &s;o in that ca&s;e Aperi|tives are rather proper. So al&s;o in Hydropick and cachectick Per&s;ons bleeding at the No&s;e is very frequent, in whom the Spleen or Liver are affected; in which ca&s;e Medicines that &s;trengthen the Bowels are requi&s;ite indeed, but the more chief intention is to open the Parts ob|&s;tructed; and therefore let it be noted as a rule, <HI>When with an afflux of humors,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|delius de &s;. m. fac. <HI>p.</HI> 33.</NOTE> <HI>there is pre&s;ent either an ob|&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els or a plenty of Humors, a&s;tringents do le&s;s good, but rather in the fir&s;t ca&s;e Aperitives, and in the latter Evacuators, as blood-letting.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. As it is well known that <HI>crocus Martis</HI> is either aperitive, or a&s;tringent; &s;o we mu&s;t never perfectly rely on <HI>crocus Martis ad&s;tringens</HI> alone: for fir&s;t it is certain that the&s;e two differ not, &s;ave that in the A&s;tringent a more earthy, ab&s;orbing and con&s;tringing quality predominates, and in the aperient a more &s;aline vitriolate, which in the for|mer is more changed and taken away by the mo&s;t urgent Fire of the Reverberatory: Hence in ca&s;e Acid, Au&s;tere or &s;owr Humors excite Tumults and Fluxions in the Body, as is u&s;ual, or <HI>Diarrhaea's</HI> from an overloo&s;e Tone, by the acce&s;&s;ion of the&s;e Humors in the Body, part of the <HI>crocus</HI> recorpo|rates as it were, and &s;o loo&s;ens as much as it a|&s;tringes. Whence where the <HI>villi</HI> of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are to be &s;trengthned, it profits much, ina&s;much as it exerts its vertue in opening, as they call it, or in correcting the le&s;s fluxile Humors; but where there is loo&s;ne&s;s with ero&s;ion, (for in|&s;tance) we mu&s;t deal warily with it: But the le&s;s vitriolate <HI>crocus Martis</HI> is, the le&s;s aperitive it is; and the le&s;s ochreous, the le&s;s a&s;tringent: whence we mu&s;t not alike ab&s;olutely tru&s;t to <HI>Mars</HI> alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. Pharm. <HI>p.</HI> 115.</NOTE> to all of it, and always.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The roots of Bi&s;tort (or Snakeweed) and Tormentil have a great affinity: but we mu&s;t note, that &s;eeing the Roots of this latter are of more thin Parts than tho&s;e of Bi&s;tort, we mu&s;t always prefer Tormentil where le&s;s a&s;triction is required, as in the beginning of a malignant Dy&s;entery: Moreover Tor|mentil is given with very great benefit in malignant Fevers; as the &s;mall-Pox, Mea&s;les, <HI>Petechiae,</HI> yea in the Plague, and Epedimick Dy&s;entery, not becau&s;e it moves Sweat, but that it may bridle the ebulli|tion of the ma&s;s of blood:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man clavis Schrod. <HI>p.</HI> 423.</NOTE> which is the rea&s;on al|&s;o, why the Roots of Tormentil enter the com|po&s;ition of the <HI>pulvis Pannonicus ruber.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="678" REF="303">
<HEAD><HI>Alexipharmacks,</HI> Cordials, Diaphoreticks. (See <HI>Sudorificks</HI> below in this Book, and <HI>Venena</HI> or Poy&s;ons in the eighteenth.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The &s;ame are not every where alike profitable, and the rea&s;on of their difference. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of what kind Corroboratives &s;hould be (where it is di&s;cour&s;ed of the harm of Sugar.) <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The frequent u&s;e of them is hurtful. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be accommodated to the tenour of the Stomach and Heart. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what time of the Di&s;ea&s;e they are convenient. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A new way of conveying Cordials to the Heart. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Cordials that are taken. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them not be earthy for &s;uch as are troubled mith ob&s;tru|ctions. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be a Cordial vertue in <HI>Gold. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right preparation of <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum. X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether one may rely on <HI>Bezoar-&s;tone. XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what quantity it is to be given. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether crude or calcin'd <HI>Harts-horn</HI> is to be u&s;ed. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It has various vertues according to its different preparati|on. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The right preparation of it. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be &s;uch a thing as an <HI>Unicorns</HI> horn. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of <HI>Treacle</HI> for prevention. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not to be given to Children. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The do&s;e of it. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be a Cordial vertue in <HI>precious Stones</HI> and their magi&s;teries. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hurt of common <HI>magi&s;teries. XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hurt of <HI>magi&s;terie of perles. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what people <HI>Tormentil</HI> and <HI>Bole</HI> are not conve|nient. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A caution in the u&s;e of the <HI>Salt of Vipers. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The various endowments of &s;ulphureous, urinous, and acid Spirits. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let the <HI>Gellies</HI> of <HI>Hartshorn, Ivory,</HI> &amp;c. be new. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1 THo&s;e are reckoned for <HI>Cordials</HI> that a&s;&s;i&s;t the <HI>Heart</HI> labouring in any kind; wherefore <HI>one</HI> is every where &s;aid by Authors, notably to &s;trength|en the Heart; <HI>another</HI> to keep it unhurt by any pu|trefaction; <HI>others</HI> to relieve a weak oppre&s;&s;ed heart, to cure its tremor or fainting, and to pre&s;erve it from corruption. Moreover becau&s;e in the Plague, &s;mall Pox, and malignant Fevers the Heart is be|lieved to be &s;ei&s;ed or be&s;et with Poy&s;on or Malig|nity, therefore the remedies that are wont to help in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, are not called &s;imply <HI>Cordi|als,</HI> but <HI>Alexeteries</HI> and <HI>Alexipharmacks.</HI> This opinion concerning both Cordial and Alexeterial Medicines, &s;eems to ri&s;e from hence, ina&s;much as the Heart is commonly believed to be the beginning of all Life and Heat, and that therefore our Health and Death depend on its immediate affection: hence what things &s;oever recreate the Soul, they are &s;uppo&s;ed to do it as they are benign and friendly to the Heart. But &s;eeing we have in another place &s;hewn large|ly enough, that the &s;ubject of life is not the heart, but chiefly and almo&s;t only the Blood, and that the Soul it &s;elf (on who&s;e exi&s;tence and action in the Body life depends) is founded partly in the Blood and partly in the animal Spirits, it will plainly follow, that the remedies which pre&s;erve Life intire, or recruit it when it is in danger, re|&s;pect the&s;e Parts of the Soul, (<HI>viz.</HI> the Blood and animal Spirits) rather and more immediately than the Heart.</P>
<P>Therefore that the Rea&s;ons and Manners of the Operation of tho&s;e Medicines that are called <HI>Cordials</HI> may be known, we mu&s;t con&s;ider the&s;e two things, 1. How many and what ways e&s;pecially, the Blood, being ami&s;s or in danger as to its accen&s;ion, or its mixture, requires aid from Medicine, whereby it may be pre&s;erved or amended. 2. After what man|ner the Heart is hindred or perverted from its due motion (for it &s;erves to drive the Blood about) through the defect or fault of the animal Regiment, and for which, Medicines that encrea&s;e or &s;et to rights the Spirits, are indicated.</P>
<P>As to the fir&s;t, the Blood in re&s;pect of its accen|&s;ion, either fails or exceeds, and in each re&s;pect different Medicines, namely hot or cold, or as it were Oil and Water, are required; and therefore they are commonly called Cordials, though they affect not the Heart at all: for though upon the taking of them the motion of the Heart is often changed, and accordingly the Pul&s;e becomes pre|&s;ently frequenter or &s;lower, &s;tronger or weaker; yet this therefore comes to pa&s;s, becau&s;e the mo|tion of the Heart, depending altogether on the in|flux of the animal Spirits (by a wonderful con&s;ent and co-action betwixt each Portion of the Soul) is mo&s;t exactly proportioned according to the accen&s;ion of the Blood: Wherefore accordingly as the Blood doth intend or remit its efferve&s;cency or <HI>ae&s;tus</HI> by the Medicines that are taken; pre&s;ently the animal Spirits, that move the Heart, exactly obeying its condition, cau&s;e the Heart to beat more quickly or &s;lowly; and al&s;o if the animal Spirits be affected by the &s;ame Medicine, the Pul&s;e is likewi&s;e on that account rendred more or le&s;s &s;trong or vehement, whil&s;t in the mean time the vertue of that Medicine reaches no more to the Heart it &s;elf, than to the Hands or Feet, or any other Mu&s;cle. Therefore that the fir&s;t rank of Cordials, whereby the Enor|mities of the Blood are cured, may be rightly ordered, it will be fitting to con&s;ider, how many and by what ways its liquor, both as to its accen&s;ion and its <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> or mixture, is wont to be perverted or depraved; and moreover what &s;ort of Medicines, vulgarly reputed Cordials, are required for each of its di&s;orders.</P>
<P><HI>Fir&s;t</HI> therefore the Blood is &s;ometimes not accen|ded enough, nor circulated with vigour, as we may ob&s;erve in many langui&s;hing People, namely, &s;uch as lie long Sick, or have &s;uffer'd great Hemorrhagies or other immoderate Evacuations, or are worn out with old Age, who namely together with a weak Pul&s;e and decayed Strength, have their extreme Parts for the mo&s;t part cold and pale; the rea&s;on whereof is, becau&s;e the Blood is become almo&s;t vappid and effete through the too great wa&s;ting and depre&s;&s;ion of the Sulphureous Particles; and therefore it is accended very &s;paringly in the Lungs: To which is often added, that the animal Regiment failing al&s;o, the Heart being de&s;titute of a plentiful influx of Spirits, does not enough exagitate the Blood, that it may efferve&s;ce and be accended the more briskly. The Remedies to be u&s;ed in this ca&s;e are generous Wines, Strong or Burning Waters, or &s;uch as are more mild, di&s;till'd with Spices (or <HI>Aro|mata</HI>) Aromatick Powders, Species and Confections, Chymical Oils and Spirits, Tinctures, Elixirs, and other things endued with &s;ulphureous and &s;pirituous Particles; to wit, &s;uch as may exagitate the Blood more, and make it more inflammable and turgid: and &s;eeing the &s;ame do withal ex&s;u&s;citate and com|fort the animal Spirits, they therefore make the Heart beat more briskly and &s;trongly.</P>
<P><HI>Secondly,</HI> The Blood through its &s;ulphureous Par|ticles being too much loo&s;ed and driven into a fervor, is often too much accended, and di&s;per&s;es an over-inten&s;e and very trouble&s;om heat through the whole Body: wherefore that it, being &s;o much rarefied and flagrant, may be kept within the Ve&s;&s;els, and al&s;o eventilated, the Heart beating vehemently and
<PB N="679" REF="303"> quickly, drives the Blood about with great labour and endeavour: Therefore in this ca&s;e cold and attemperating Cordials are to be u&s;ed, which may bridle and allay the fervour of the Blood, and al&s;o kindly recruit the animal Spirits, that they may now perform the more difficult tasks of life: For which ends the di&s;tilled Waters of Borage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the juices of Sorrel, Citron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are wont to be u&s;ed, to which Opiats are often added with profit, for the <HI>impetus</HI> of the Heart being a little bridled, the Blood does more happily and &s;ooner remit its effer|ve&s;cence.</P>
<P>But the Blood is not only depraved and per|verted as to its too much or too little accen|&s;ion, but diver&s;ly al&s;o through its <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> or mixture: Nor are Cordials pre&s;ently requi&s;ite in all its Dy&s;|cra&s;ies, but only in tho&s;e which being excited in Fevers, &s;eeing they are &s;udden and outragious, threaten a total Corruption to the ma&s;s of Blood.</P>
<P>The <HI>Blood</HI> efferve&s;cing feveri&s;hly is in danger as to its <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> two ways chiefly; namely, 1. Either the Band of the mixture is too &s;trait, &s;o that all the Particles are &s;o complicated and combin'd with one another, that the Excrementitious cannot be extri|cated from the Profitable, and the thin from the thick, as it happens in &s;ome continual and putrid Fevers, which although they be but little or not at all Malignant, yet becau&s;e they can have no <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> either by Sweat or Per&s;piration, &s;ometimes end in Death. Or, 2. The Blood in Fevers has its <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> perverted the contrary way, namely, by a too great Laxity of its Particles, in which ca&s;e Cor|dials of another &s;ort, <HI>viz.</HI> Alexipharmacks, are re|quired. For it often happens that its <HI>Compages</HI> is too much loo&s;ened and pulled a&s;under as to its <HI>Cra&s;is,</HI> by heterogeneous Particles, either bred within it &s;elf, or pour'd into it from &s;omewhere el&s;e, &s;o that the common band of its mixture being di&s;&s;olved, its Parts every where fall a&s;under; and then the Por|tions of the coagulated, extrava&s;ated or &s;tagnating Blood being fixed here and there putrefie and are corrupted, and at length the whole ma&s;s is &s;o much vitiated, that it is no longer fit for continuing the vital Flame, or for extilling the animal Spirits into the Brain: wherefore all the Functions mu&s;t then needs flag by degrees, and life peri&s;h at la&s;t. The Cordials requi&s;ite in this ca&s;e mu&s;t con&s;i&s;t of &s;uch Particles, as being conveyed into the Blood and cir|culated with it, per&s;i&s;t &s;till unconquered, but yet are withal benign; which while they enter into all the Pores and Pa&s;&s;ages of the ma&s;s of Blood, do eve|rywhere exagitate the other malignant Particles, pull them from their Concretions, and at length either &s;ubdue them, or drive them forth: by which means the Blood being freed from its poy&s;onous mixture, and withal from all its private Coagula|tions, and being again divided into its &s;malle&s;t and elementary Particles, recovers in &s;hort time its former &s;alutiferous mixture. Moreover that it may appear more plainly in what manner Alexete|ries pre&s;erve the Blood and Juices of our Body from (<HI>afflatus</HI> or) taints, or free them from corruption when they are already touched therewith, we mu&s;t con&s;ider how other Liquors that are liable to Pu|trefaction are pre&s;erved, or when they are &s;eis'd upon thereby may be re&s;tored: Therefore concern|ing Beer we may ob&s;erve, that being of its own na|ture &s;oon apt to grow &s;owr, it is made durable by boiling Hops in it: likewi&s;e that common Water, which otherwi&s;e would &s;oon putrefie, continues a great while unalter'd by boiling or infu&s;ing bitter Vegetables in it (of which &s;ort there are al&s;o Alexi|pharmacks:) Moreover, that the juices of Herbs, and &s;ome other Liquors being already grown mu&s;ty, if they be &s;moaked by burning of Sulphur, recover their former vigour: Be&s;ides, that Wine, Beer, and other kinds of Drink being grown almo&s;t dead and good for nothing, do often revive by exciting a fermentation in them anew. The rea&s;on whereof is, that &s;eeing the corruption of any thing con&s;i&s;ts in the ex&s;olution of the elementary Particles, and in their departing from one another, what&s;oever detains them in motion and perfect mixture while they tend to flight and confu&s;ion, pre&s;erves that Con|crete, &s;o long, &s;afe, and &s;ound: Moreover if any thing do again bring together the Elements that were loo&s;ed and going to depart from one another, and rou&s;es them into a new fermentation, it drives Putrefaction from the Concrete, although already begun, and procures a firm concretion to it again. That &s;uch alterations and freeings from corruption can be performed on Liquors made by Art, every one knows: and indeed in the Plague and malignant Di&s;ea&s;es Alexipharmacks &s;eem to perform the &s;ame Effect: for the&s;e being taken often, ina&s;much as they exagitate the Blood continually, and drive it into an higher ferment, notwith&s;tanding the influence of the hurtful (<HI>mia&s;mata</HI> or) impurities, they con&s;erve its mixture intire: yea, after the malignity has made impre&s;&s;ion, and the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the Blood begins to be loo&s;ened and di&s;&s;olved in the manner afore|&s;aid, &s;uch Remedies being &s;till exhibited for pro|moting Sweat or Per&s;piration, ina&s;much as they decoct the impurities of the received taint, and in|duce a new fermentation oppo&s;ite to the other corruptive one, they often deface the <HI>Impetus</HI> or im|pre&s;&s;ions of the pe&s;tiferous Malady.</P>
<P>As to the Cordials by which the too &s;trait <HI>Com|pages</HI> of the efferve&s;cing Blood is loo&s;ened, and opened for the &s;etting at liberty the febrile Matter and other Recrements, tho&s;e are of affinity with &s;ome Diureticks and Diaphoreticks, yea, &s;ometimes they are of common or reciprocal u&s;e, ina&s;much as the vitiated <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the Blood &s;ometimes cannot be relieved, unle&s;s its <HI>Compages</HI> being fir&s;t unlocked there lie open an <HI>exit</HI> for di&s;charging the <HI>Serum</HI> by the Reins or the Pores of the Skin. Saline Medi|cines do chiefly execute all the&s;e intentions of Cure; for, as we have otherwhere noted, the opening of any Body whether liquid or &s;olid, is hardly perfor|med but by a Saline key: For commonly all con|cretion or compaction is from a Salt of one &s;ort, and the di&s;&s;olution from &s;ome of another &s;ort, that &s;natches into its embraces the fir&s;t Salt: and then Precipitation is cau&s;ed by &s;ome Salt of a different condition, that de&s;troys the Combinations of the former. Therefore we reckon Salines among Cor|dials no le&s;s than among Diureticks and Diaphore|ticks, becau&s;e there is the &s;ame rea&s;on in all. In the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> rank Cordials endued with a volatile Salt offer them&s;elves, and are ju&s;tly preferable to all other, as the Spirit of Hart&s;horn, of Blood, of <HI>Sal armoniacum</HI> compound, <HI>viz.</HI> di&s;tilled with Amber, Trea|cle, and other Alexeteries, the Spirit of Skulls digged out of Graves: Hither may be referred al&s;o the Salt of Vipers, the Powder of Toads clo&s;ely calcin'd (which I have known famous and very profitable in an Epidemick Pe&s;tilential Fe|ver:) Such Remedies as the&s;e have recalled many from the very jaws of Death, and indeed afford help often in a various and manifold re&s;pect; namely, fir&s;t, ina&s;much as encountring either a fixt or an acid Salt, and &s;natching them into their embraces, they open the ma&s;s of Blood, too much thickned and &s;traitned by the febrile efferve&s;cence, and &s;o promote the Separation and Secretion of the Morbifick Matter: And &s;econdly, in that they re|lieve the animal Spirits, and rou&s;e them up from their &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s to execute their Office: to which may be added, that in Malignant Fevers the&s;e Me|dicines &s;ubdue, and often extingui&s;h the poi&s;onous Particles of the Morbifick Matter. The <HI>Second</HI> place among <HI>Saline Cordials</HI> is of right owing to Remedies endued with an <HI>alkali&s;ate</HI> or petrifying <HI>Salt;</HI> for the&s;e are commonly reputed very notable Cor|dials: Of this &s;ort, namely, are the Bezoar Stone, Perles, Corals, the Bone of a Stag's heart, and the Horn of the &s;ame, the Powder of Ivory, the Eyes
<PB N="680" REF="304"> and Claws of Crabs, and other Powders of Stones and Shells, which common Experience witne&s;&s;es to be often given with benefit: And the rea&s;on of their helping &s;eems to con&s;i&s;t in this, That the Par|ticles of the Alkaline Salt in the Medicine, encoun|ter the Particles of the acid Salt within our Bodies, and by and by do intimately cohere therewith, and therefore de&s;troy the ragings or what&s;oever other undue combinations thereof: To this <HI>Cla&s;&s;is</HI> of Cordials are Bole-Armene, <HI>terra Lemnia, Sigillata,</HI> and other chalky Medicines de&s;ervedly reckoned; but not upon the account that they &s;uccour the labouring Heart (as is vulgarly thought) but be|cau&s;e they de&s;troy the Predominances of an acid, or fixed Salt, either in the Bowels, or in the ma&s;s of Blood, and by and by allay and correct the Enormities produced thereby. <HI>Thirdly,</HI> If I &s;hould exclude <HI>Acetous Medicines,</HI> or &s;uch as are endued with a fluid Salt, from this li&s;t of Cordials, every one almo&s;t would tax me; for the&s;e are e&s;teemed by mo&s;t to be notable Alexeteries again&s;t the Pe&s;ti|lence. Wherefore in the cure of Malignant Fevers Treacle, and Bezoartick Vinegars are highly cryed up; yea, Vinegar or Acetous things are u&s;ual In|gredients in Waters di&s;till'd for that u&s;e: for the &s;ame rea&s;on Spirit of Vitriol, the juice of Citron, Sorrel, Pomegranats, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are reckoned for Cor|dials and Alexeteries, and that indeed ju&s;tly, be|cau&s;e the&s;e do excellently di&s;&s;olve the Combina|tions of fixed Salt with adu&s;t Sulphur, and ma&s;ter their outrages; and therefore by &s;uch Remedies as the&s;e the Coagulations and Extrava&s;ations of the Blood, that u&s;e to happen in Malignant Fe|vers, are often prevented or cured. <HI>Fourthly,</HI> for the &s;ame Rea&s;ons for which the afore&s;aid Saline Me|dicines are reckoned for Cordials, others al&s;o who&s;e ba&s;is is <HI>a fixt Salt,</HI> are reputed &s;uch, or are put into their Compo&s;itions: For &s;eeing Salts of divers &s;orts are bred in our Body, and they commonly pa&s;s from one &s;tate to another, hence not one kind of Salt, but Salts of different kinds ought to be given according as the intention is. On what account Medicines endued with a fixt or lixivial Salt do take away or correct the Enormities of an acid Salt predominating within the Bowels or Blood, was &s;hewn above. <HI>Fifthly,</HI> A <HI>Nitrous Salt</HI> is ju&s;tly numbred among Cordials, as without who&s;e Parti|cles, to be in&s;pired with the Air (in taking our breath) the life of Animals cannot &s;ub&s;i&s;t: but this being taken in at the Mouth (as a Medicine) is ac|counted a famous Antipyreutick, in that it takes away Thir&s;t and bridles the febrile Heat; which yet it does, not only by helping the mixture of the Blood, but al&s;o its accen&s;ion: for we think, that Nitrous Particles, together with Sulphureous, are requi&s;ite to con&s;titute a flame, and the more of the Nitrous there are, the clearer and brighter the flame is. Wherefore &s;eeing a Matter, which for the greate&s;t part con&s;i&s;ts of Sulphur with Salt and Earth mixed, being kindled &s;ends forth but an ob|&s;cure flame, and &s;uch as is vitiated with Smoke and Soot<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">; but if Nitre be added, burns clear and calm with brightne&s;s: We think 'tis ju&s;t thus in Fevers, when the Blood being filled with adu&s;t Feculencies &s;mokes with a &s;uffocating heat rather than burns out, Nitrous Particles being taken in at the Mouth and tran&s;mitted to the Blood, make it by and by to burn brighter and clearer; &s;o that the <HI>Compages</HI> of the Liquor being unlocked, both its &s;erous and fu|liginous recrements part the freelier from it.</P>
<P>But moreover &s;ome Medicines have the name of Cordials, becau&s;e they exert their vertue on the animal Spirits fir&s;t, and more immediately than up|on the Blood, and &s;o erect, vigorate and compo&s;e either &s;ome Portion, or the whole &s;ub&s;i&s;tence of the &s;en&s;itive Soul that was too contracted, depre&s;&s;ed or otherwi&s;e di&s;turbed. And indeed this kind of Remedies do in a &s;ort affect the heart it &s;elf, al|though remotely; in that, &s;eeing the whole &s;en&s;i|tive Soul is elevated, and expanded wider by giving of them, the Spirits al&s;o that are appointed for the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> flow the more plentifully into them and actuate them the more briskly: and therefore the Pul&s;e that before was weak or faltring, by and by beats more &s;trongly, and the Blood is driven about with the greater violence. This &s;ort of Medicines are fitly enough reduced to two Heads, and as they are gentle or rugged, attain the &s;ame &s;cope; name|ly, they either erect and confirm the animal Spirits by cheri&s;hing, and as it were gently and &s;oftly &s;troaking of them; or el&s;e by vexing and as it were &s;purring of them, they drive them into quicker and &s;ometimes more regular Motions. The Cordials of the <HI>fir&s;t &s;ort,</HI> as &s;oon as they are &s;wallowed, nay, &s;ometimes being but ta&s;ted, exert their Vertue, and by a grateful appul&s;e recruit the Spirits that re&s;ide in the fir&s;t ways; then by the continuity of the&s;e the &s;ame ovation being communicated &s;ucce&s;&s;ively to the other Spirits, &s;hortly undulates through the whole <HI>Compages</HI> of the &s;en&s;itive Soul; &s;o that both the Brain, and al&s;o the <HI>Praecordia</HI> being irradiated with a fuller influx of the Spirits exulting as it were, they perform their Functions more briskly and chearfully. For this purpo&s;e (taking heed of the too great incitation of the Blood) &s;erve the Waters commonly called Cordial, al&s;o the Preparations of Mo&s;ch and Amber, and the Aromatick Powders that are mixt with them: Such things as have a grateful &s;avour or &s;mell, or are plea&s;ant to look upon, in|a&s;much as they recreate the animal Spirits, are rec|koned al&s;o among Cordials. In the mean time other Cordials of this <HI>Cla&s;&s;is,</HI> the fir&s;t ways and ma&s;s of Blood being almo&s;t untoucht, &s;eem to operate fir&s;t of all in the Brain, of which &s;ort are &s;ome Cepha|licks &s;o called, which though they be le&s;s grateful to the Palate or Stomach, and hardly ferment or exagitate the Blood, yet illu&s;trate the Brain, and exacuate and &s;trengthen the Inhabitants thereof, the animal Spirits. Of this Nature &s;eem to be Sage, Betony, Ro&s;emary, Vervain, &amp;c. There are <HI>another &s;ort</HI> of Cordials, that operate in a different manner, and help wholly on another account; tho&s;e namely do not gently cheri&s;h the animal Spirits, and cau&s;e them to be expanded equally, but rather irritate them, and make them run and be carried this way and that way: to the end namely, that they being inordinate before and unequally di&s;per&s;ed, crowding in &s;ome places, and thin in others, and therefore intermitting or perver&s;ely acting &s;ome offices of their Functions, e&s;pecially within the Brain or <HI>Praecordia,</HI> may be di&s;turbed and more agitated by an ungrate|ful Medicine; which in &s;uch a ca&s;e is a very good Remedy, in that being thereby rou&s;ed, as if they were la&s;h'd, they leave their former di&s;orders, and of their own accord return into regular order. Thus it is u&s;ual in &s;wooning, fainting, oppre&s;&s;ion or &s;pa&s;m of the Heart, and in almo&s;t any other failings, lan|guors or irregularities of the Spirits, to give in|wardly Spirit of Hart&s;horn, of Soot, of Sal Armo|niack, or Tincture of Ca&s;tor or <HI>A&s;a foetida</HI> with other Liquors; or to hold to the No&s;e the&s;e, and the like, as e&s;pecially volatile Salts and Empyreumati|cal Chymical Oils: Be&s;ides it may be &s;ometimes good in &s;udden Defections of the Soul to &s;prinkle cold water on the Face, to pinch the No&s;e, very much to &s;hake the Body, and &s;ometimes to &s;trike a box on the Ear. Such Admini&s;trations as the&s;e give help, ina&s;much as they rou&s;e up the animal Spirits being oppre&s;&s;ed, or di&s;tracted, or employed other|ways than they &s;hould, and command them (being expanded,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and mu&s;tered as it were) to their former Offices.</P>
<P N="2">II. Seeing in almo&s;t all Di&s;ea&s;es diminution of Strength, as being more urgent, draws to it &s;elf a curative Indication, and per&s;wades that before all things <HI>roborating</HI> and <HI>comforting</HI> things &s;hould be given the Sick; 'tis no wonder that Phy&s;icians are often in&s;tigated to appoint &s;uch: But if you inquire of
<PB N="681" REF="304"> them what tho&s;e comforting things are? they pro|duce divers Blandiments of the Tongue, Confections and Aromatick Spirits, never regarding whether they be hurtful to the Patient or not: nor under|&s;tanding that the&s;e things that plea&s;e the Palate, are often prejudicial to the Stomach. For can the&s;e things be comforting that are admini&s;tred while the <HI>fomes</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;till &s;urvives? how &s;hall the Ci|tizen fortifie him&s;elf, that has received unto him a dome&s;tick Enemy &s;tronger than him&s;elf? If the Di|&s;ea&s;e bring a man down that was &s;trong and in good health, how will it &s;uffer him to be fortified when he is brought down? I &s;peak not here of &s;pecifick Cordials, I let tho&s;e alone al&s;o that recruit and il|lu&s;trate the Spirits, and hinder their re&s;olution; the&s;e are not to be deprived of their due e&s;teem: but I cen&s;ure only the abu&s;e of comforting things. Now tho&s;e which are truly &s;uch, are tho&s;e that &s;ubduing the Morbifick cau&s;es add &s;trength to the Bowels; that by correcting the Ferments, if any of them were weak, and re&s;toring them to their pri&s;tine vigour, make them again mindful of their wonted office: In which matter we have the con|&s;ent of <HI>Sennertus</HI> in his <HI>Paralip. ad In&s;titut. p. m.</HI> 79. admoni&s;hing, That <HI>comforting or &s;trengthning Medicines ought to be &s;uch which pre&s;erve and re&s;tore the In&s;truments of each Faculty, to wit, the Sub&s;tance, Temper and Spirits of the Part, and that take away the Cau&s;es that violate them; and that therefore re&s;pect is always to be had to the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and the weakne&s;s of the Faculties, and heed is to be taken that whil&s;t we &s;trive to plea&s;e the palate of the Patient, and to recruit his Spirits, we do not encrea&s;e the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;o al&s;o the very debility of the Faculties, e&s;pecially by &s;uch things as in their whole kind are foreign, and have no congruence with the Spirits, nor are grateful to the weak Ferments of the</HI> Vi&s;cera. As to the u&s;ual Juleps, (without the conjunction of pre|vailing acid Spirits) Electuaries, and Emul&s;ions, and other Medicines of that Nature that ea&s;ily Fer|ment, it is certain that they are very grateful to the Well, and to &s;uch as are in the declination of Fevers, where the Ferments of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> have a|gain in &s;ome mea&s;ure attained their pri&s;tin vigour, as <HI>Galen</HI> te&s;tifies <HI>Comment.</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> 14. but they are naught for the Sick, and hurtful in mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es of the Stomach and Womb: for <HI>the&s;e being in a preter-natural &s;tate, are only delighted with bitter, acrimonious and acid things:</HI> other Medicines are quite oppo&s;ite to the Ferment of the Stomach, and &s;o make the Di|ge&s;tions more difficult. <HI>Sugar</HI> (a common Ingredient in Cordial Juleps, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) being Chymically di&s;&s;ected, pa&s;&s;es partly into a mo&s;t ardent Spirit, partly into a Corro&s;ive Salt; what then is this like to do in a Morbous condition of the Stomach, where all things are governle&s;s? In a nidorous Crudity it will be changed, like <HI>Proteus,</HI> into &s;ulphureous dro&s;s; in an acid, it will pa&s;s into a corro&s;ive Salt; where there is no doubt but that the preternatu|ral &s;corbutick acid Salts are exalted by tho&s;e of the Sugar, and that thereby there is given a grea|ter occa&s;ion for the ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera;</HI> al&s;o that febrile Ferments are encrea&s;ed hereby. To which account, <HI>H. ab Heer Lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Ob&s;ervat.</HI> 5. long ago &s;ub&s;cribed: <HI>It is certain,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>that tho&s;e who in Fevers have often taken Syrups, Con&s;erves, and other Su|gared Medicines, which mo&s;t Phy&s;icians have u&s;ed to pre|&s;cribe, have many of them died; for I am certain that by the Sugar which ea&s;ily turns to Choler, fuel is ad|ded to the Fever: whence</HI> Avenzoar <HI>writes, as</HI> Mercu|rialis <HI>cites him, that tho&s;e who often u&s;e &s;weet things, can hardly be pre&s;erved.</HI> Shall that which it &s;elf is always prone to ferment,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofin m. m. l. 1. c. 19.</NOTE> hinder other things from corrup|tion and fermentation?</P>
<P N="3">III. The more frequent u&s;e of Alexeteries is hurt|ful, le&s;t by cu&s;tom Nature come to receive no bene|fit by them: <HI>N. Bocca Angelinus cap.</HI> 32. &para; Great cau|tion is needful that men indulge not them&s;elves too much in the u&s;e of Cordials: For I have known ma|ny eminent both Men and Women from the more frequent u&s;e of the&s;e fall into this bad cu&s;tom, that it has become nece&s;&s;ary to take a draught often in a day, either of &s;ome generous Wine, or Spirit, or of &s;ome Strong water: yea moreover (ina&s;much as Nature being a little accu&s;tomed to Extraordina|ries, remains not long content with the &s;ame) to encrea&s;e them daily, and to repeat them oftener; &s;o that at length the Stomach could bear or dige&s;t nothing moderate, but &s;till de&s;ired &s;tronger and hotter: But the other <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and e&s;pecially the Liver have been &s;o dried and parch'd thereby, that the Blood being le&s;&s;ened as to its quantity and depraved as to its <HI>Cra&s;is,</HI> a morbiferous Cacochymie or &s;hortning of life has &s;uperven'd. There are &s;undry occa&s;ions that bring men into this bad cu|&s;tom of &s;ipping Cordial Liquors: for in &s;udden Faintings, which are perhaps occa&s;ion'd by great Grief, toyl&s;ome Labour, va&s;t Sweats or acute Pain; al&s;o when one has eaten &s;omething that agrees not with his Stomach, but cau&s;es a weight and a <HI>Nau&s;ea;</HI> or when a &s;wooning or &s;tupor &s;eems to be impendent through a Spa&s;modick di&s;po&s;ition; yea for many other cau&s;es, it is u&s;ual to guzle vinous Spirits: and then after that &s;uch Cordials being taken &s;ome time begin to be agreeable and de|light, the ma&s;s of Blood being a little more freely expanded and more accended by every ta&s;te of them, the whole Hypo&s;ta&s;is of the Soul is thereby amplified and excited into a kind of Ova|tion: which &s;ub&s;iding again, the Soul remembring that complacence, and being not content with her pre&s;ent &s;tate, affects the &s;ame again, and craves after more: Wherefore upon every trouble of Body or Mind, a&s;&s;oon as the Spirits quail a little, a Cor|dial draught is pre&s;ently de&s;ired to rai&s;e them again; and &s;o by the often unprofitable &s;preading of the &s;ails of the Soul, the Fabrick of the Body it &s;elf, as of a &s;hip, is &s;hattered. Nor does this evil cu&s;tom prevail only among drunken Compa|nions; but &s;ometimes learned Men, and fine and ingenious Women, that they may the more im|prove and exhilarate their Genius, by often &s;ipping of hot Spirits and Waters, or of <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> (although it be but improperly called &s;o) undermine and often overturn their own health.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. When the Stomach langui&s;hes, thick Alexi|pharmacks are more commended than liquid, that they may &s;tay there the longer: When the Heart is affected, liquid are better, becau&s;e they pe|netrate more &s;peedily, as <HI>Praevotius</HI> has experi|mented.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. in Sep|tal. p. 147.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. They are not convenient before an univer&s;al &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e, le&s;t they move the crude hu|mors un&s;ea&s;onably, or carry them to the Heart<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Baldus, p. 3.</NOTE>: or le&s;t by drawing them to the inner Parts they increa&s;e the Ob&s;tructions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Al&s;ar. &agrave; Cruce Prophyl. Con&s;. p. 72. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> &s;hortne&s;s of Breath or Putrefaction: therefore let them be given after Concoction is fini&s;hed.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Some &s;ay that Cordials may be made to ex|ert their vertue by the means of the circulated Blood, without taking them in at the mouth: The manner of Admini&s;tration is this: Let the Arm be tyed above and below; then having emptied the <HI>Mediana,</HI> infu&s;e a Cordial liquor through a Pipe made of a Lark's Bone, one end of which is fitted to an Oxe's Bladder, and the other put into the <HI>Mediana,</HI> (or &s;ome fair vein of the Foot) &s;queezing the Bladder: when the liquor is injected, &s;hut the hole, remove the bandages, and the &s;ub&s;tance and virtue thereof will be carried to the Heart by means of the Circulation.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The mo&s;t Serene Prince <HI>Chri&s;tian</HI> Marque&s;s of <HI>Brandenburgh</HI> died very old: His Corps being opened, the Heart being di&s;&s;ected &s;ent forth a very grateful Odour, altogether like tho&s;e Emul|&s;ions and Juleps (viz. <HI>Confect. Alkermes,</HI> Cinamon water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) which had been given him &s;ome days before he died: An infallible Argument, that Medicines which are taken, &s;tick not in the fir&s;t
<PB N="682" REF="305"> ways, but by a continued u&s;e they may pene|trate to the very Heart with their vertue al|mo&s;t intire,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J Sigi&s;mund. E&s;holt. M. C. an 76. Ob|&s;erv 225.</NOTE> and retaining their qualities, at lea&s;t partly.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In Hypochondriacal ca&s;es Cordials are &s;ometimes to be u&s;ed;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con|&s;ult. 7. Cent. 3.</NOTE> yet let Powders and Earths alone, as encrea&s;ing Ob&s;tructions.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Ancients mixed <HI>crude leaf gold</HI> with ma|ny Medicines: but to what purpo&s;e I pray, un+le&s;s to plea&s;e the Eyes? for its &s;ub&s;tance is too &s;olid and compact, to be re&s;olved and brought into act by our heat. Nor does it &s;uffice that &s;ome determine the <HI>Effluvia</HI> of the Heart and Gold to be Sympathick, and therefore they give leaf-gold; for be&s;ides that, this &s;uppo&s;ition may be de&s;troyed with the &s;ame facility as it is a&s;&s;erted without Rea&s;ons, it might be applied outwardly in greater plenty, and without doubt with greater profit, and le&s;s or no lo&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schrod. Ph<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rm. l. 3. c. 8.</NOTE> &para; But I think it is without doubt that being Chymically re&s;olved and prepa|red it has many vertues, &s;eeing Experience te&s;ti|fies it: But whether it have al&s;o a notable power of comforting the Heart and refre&s;hing the Spirits in an occult manner, I leave every one to think what he will. It is &s;afe&s;t that every one conclude in this ca&s;e not as he has read or heard, but as he has him&s;elf experienced. But that Gold has many other vertues, is certain; but what tho&s;e are, all &s;ay not alike: for there are &s;ome who take it al|mo&s;t for an univer&s;al Remedy; but although it cure many and tho&s;e very dangerous Di&s;ea&s;es, yet it removes not all; and tho&s;e which it does remove, it will not do it alone, but there is need of other Medicines. But it is e&s;pecially profita|ble in a Cacochymie that is pertinacious and fixed more clo&s;ely in the Parts, in the &s;ame manner al|mo&s;t as Antimony rightly prepared: whence, as <HI>Fr. Antenius</HI> relates in his Treati&s;e of <HI>Aurum Potabile,</HI> there follows upon the taking of it &s;ometimes a Vomiting, &s;ometimes a plentiful Pi&s;&s;ing, and &s;ome|times Purging by Stool, accordingly as the Hu|mour and Nature incline to this or the other place. And he &s;hall find this to be true who|&s;oever diligently con&s;iders the Hi&s;tories of tho&s;e that have been &s;aid to have been cared by <HI>Aurum Potabile.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert l. de Galen. &amp; Chymic. con&s;. &amp; di&s;&s;. c. 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Concerning the Preparation of <HI>Antimonium Dia|phoreticum,</HI> although in Chymi&s;ts Books it be very well order'd to be with a triple proportion of Ni|tre; neverthele&s;s Arti&s;ts do in &s;ome manner con|ceal tho&s;e things which are fitte&s;t in each ones Art: Hence we have a mind to mention a few Cautions, and tho&s;e light as to appearance. 1. The fire is diligently to be heeded, which ought to be a mean betwixt f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ing and gentle; for if it be kindled in too gentle a degree, and the matter be put in before the Crucible be hot enough (wherein the &s;tre&s;s of the whole operation lies) the Antimony is not rightly detonated, and its vomiting vertue is not quite de&s;troyed, or at lea&s;t it arrives not at the de&s;ired whitene&s;s: And if the fire be fu&s;o|ry, the Saline Particles do too clo&s;ely receive the Antim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nial to within them&s;elves, and hence all the matter, through too great an ebullition, &s;trives with great danger to fly over the edges of the Crucible, and afterwards the Medicine becomes none of the be&s;t. 2. The Nitre ought to be very well dried fir&s;t, and not be moi&s;t, becau&s;e other|wi&s;e the watery Atoms retard the Detonation, and oppo&s;e them&s;elves to the fire, &s;o that the impure &s;ulphureous part cannot rightly deflagrate. 3. Heed mu&s;t be taken al&s;o that it be not too much fixed, nor &s;tay too long in the fire; for then it remains very light, and its Sudorifick vertue is almo&s;t abo|li&s;hed, the Diuretick remaining: whence it is be&s;t, as &s;oon as the detonation is over, to ca&s;t it pre&s;ent|ly by little and little into cold water (but if you put in too much at once, the bottom of the pot will be in danger of falling out) and then let it be rightly (elutriated or) drained: On this manner you have a Diaphoretick Antimony of a good white, &s;tained with no yellow; and although it be precipitated afterwards in Vinegar, there will de|part from it little or no Magi&s;terie. Tho&s;e things that are commonly &s;aid of it, <HI>viz.</HI> that it returns to its pri&s;tin Nature a&s;&s;oon as the fixing Particles of the Nitre are evaporated, whence 'tis advi&s;ed that it &s;hould only be given when 'tis new, or to be burnt again with the Spirit of Wine, all the&s;e things are to be under&s;tood only of this Medi|cine when it is not rightly prepared:<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolf. Wedel. Mi&s;c. Cur. an. 1672. Ob&s; 62.</NOTE> for Ex|perience te&s;tifies that this fear is wholly ground|l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;s, if the procedure be according to Art.</P>
<P N="11">XI. That I may confe&s;s it ingenuou&s;ly, no great tru&s;t is to be had to the Bezoar-&s;tone: Seeing al|though tho&s;e Faculties be granted to the true Bezoar-&s;tone that are a&s;cribed to it, yet becau&s;e its dearne&s;s makes many that &s;ell it endeavour to counterfeit it, we can hardly have any but what are adulterate. The Writers of <HI>Indian</HI> Affairs them|&s;elves, witne&s;s that it is rare and very dear among the <HI>Indians,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Pract. lib. 17. cap 1. Vide Valle&s;. Meth. Med. lib. 4. cap. 2. Primiro&s;. de vulgi error. lib. 4. c. 36. Rubeum in Cel&s;um, lib 3 c. 7. &amp; alios.</NOTE> whereas with us it is plentiful and cheap enough.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Some give a great quantity of this Stone, &s;eeing it has no hurtful quality, <HI>viz.</HI> to twenty or thirty Grains. <HI>Zacutus</HI> a&s;cends to a Drachm: This he confirms with the Hi&s;tory of one <HI>Eleanor,</HI> who falling into a very Malignant Fever, and taking a very great quantity of Bezoar, a Drachm at a draught, e&s;caped very well; whereas all his Pa|tients that by Contagion were &s;eis'd upon by the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, who had a &s;mall Do&s;e given them, died. The mo&s;t hurtful quality of Poy&s;ons &s;eems to evince the nece&s;&s;ity of a large Do&s;e, in that it proceeds not &s;lowly, nor promi&s;es a &s;ecure Truce. If thou encounter the Plague &s;lowly, thou &s;halt be conquer'd and not conquer: The middle way is the &s;afe&s;t, becau&s;e the extreme on both &s;ides is a fault: The &s;mall Do&s;e of three Grains hath not that &s;trength as to re&s;i&s;t Poy&s;ons and the Plague, a large Do&s;e burthens the Stomach, &s;eeing it ought to be repeated: This &s;eems convenient: <HI>Take ef Oriental Bezoar-&s;tone and of Emerauld prepared of each &s;ix Grains.</HI> The exhibition of Alexipharmacks loves not Unity; one Do&s;e takes not away the fountain of the evil; that which does not its office at once giving, mu&s;t be given twice or thrice:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. m. m. lib. xi. S. 3. c. xi.</NOTE> an equal contrariety is to be attended, as in the Do&s;e, &s;o al&s;o in the Repetition.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Hart&s;horn</HI> is not much wor&s;e than the <HI>Bezoar-&s;tone</HI> or <HI>&V;nicorn</HI>'s <HI>Horn,</HI> again&s;t Poi&s;ons and Poi&s;onous Di&s;ea&s;es: for it defends the Heart from malignant Vapours; it cuts the toughne&s;s of Humours, it opens the Ob&s;tructions of the inward <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and by its penetrating quality re&s;i&s;ts the Putrefaction of the Humours, and by a certain Bal&s;amick ver|tue corrects their malignity; whence by <HI>Joubertus</HI> it is called a great Cordial. But it is to be given calcin'd and prepar'd, not crude; &s;eeing when it is given crude, it often pa&s;&s;es out by Stool as it was taken, without any alteration: for its &s;pirituous &s;ub&s;tance, that is the cau&s;e of all its a|ction, whil&s;t it is bound by the feculent matter which the Hart&s;horn con&s;i&s;ts of be&s;ides, is hindred from exerting its vertue, &s;o that in the crude it lies as it were buried: yea neither can the Salt exert the vertues of its Bal&s;am, unle&s;s it be freed from its earthy Bands. Seeing therefore the Di|aphoretick vertue (&s;ays <HI>Hor&s;tius Probl. Med. Dec.</HI> 1. <HI>q.</HI> 4.) which is in this Medicine through its fixed Salt, together with other qualities, is very much &s;et at liberty from its Impediments after Calcina|tion and Preparation; we therefore conclude that Hart&s;horn burnt and prepared is more convenient than crude; yea this Medicine is &s;o &s;afe and plea&s;ant even in the greate&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es, that, Ne|ce&s;&s;ity urging, it may be given very profitably to every age, even to Infants new Born. Let the
<PB N="683" REF="305"> &s;ame judgment be pa&s;t upon the Bone of a Stag's Heart,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hil|dan. <HI>l.</HI> De Gangraena, <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> which I think unprofitable, unle&s;s it be calcin'd and prepar'd.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The vertue of <HI>Hart&s;horn</HI> con&s;i&s;ts chiefly in a volatile Salt and Sulphur, with which the Bones of Animals abounding, that which is pure they take for their Nouri&s;hment; what is &s;uperfluous, they thru&s;t to the extremities of the Bones: this luxuriant matter being long expo&s;ed to the Air, after a year is fa&s;ten'd and vitriolated as it were, pa&s;&s;ing into hard ragged and great Horns, through the volatile and exten&s;ile Nature of its Bal&s;am, and hence it is believed to be a great Cordial, and a true &s;econdary Bezoardick: for by its Spirit (which is altogether of the &s;ame Nature with that of the Blood) it recreates the Heart; by its &s;weet Bal|&s;am it cheri&s;hes the radical moi&s;ture; by its Armo|niack Salt it penetrates, and attenuates tartareous Matters, provokes Sweat and Urine, and therefore oppo&s;es a pe&s;tiferous Air: And by its drying ver|tue, which remains in its Earth, it drives away Putrefaction, kills Worms, helps Fluxes of the Belly; whence for divers Indications, divers Pre|parations al&s;o of Hart&s;horn are to be u&s;ed: Thus in an Ethereal Plague and Poi&s;ons I u&s;e the Spirit and armoniack Salt of Hart&s;horn as a notable Dia|phoretick: In malignant Fevers, as the &s;mall Pox, where the whole ma&s;s of Blood is not only accen|ded, but al&s;o putrefied, I u&s;e &s;econdary Prepa|rations that are derived from its whole &s;ub&s;tance, namely Decoctions of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sam. Clo&s;&s;aeus ad Gr. Hor|&s;tium Decad 1 <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">robl. qu. 4. <HI>where there are &s;everal Preparations of it.</HI></NOTE> Gellies and Extracts: for Swooning I u&s;e the Water di&s;tilled from the (<HI>typhi,</HI> or) &s;nags of fre&s;h Horns: for a Phthi&s;ick and re|tarding old Age I u&s;e the &s;weet Bal&s;am thereof: for Worms and <HI>Diarrhoea</HI>'s I u&s;e the Horn vi|triolated.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Here the negligence or unskilfulne&s;s of &s;ome Apothecaries is to be noted, that burn <HI>Harts-horn</HI> not in melting Pots, but &s;imply among the Coals: this indeed is a compendious Preparation, but &s;uch as is hurtful to the Patient; &s;eeing Coals have a malignant vapour in them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. l. de Gan|graena c. 12.</NOTE> which is mani|fe&s;t in tho&s;e that draw it in with their Breath in a clo&s;e place.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Although tho&s;e Animals be not known, from whom the Horns call'd <HI>&V;nicorns-horns</HI> are taken, yet their vertue is not therefore to be denied, which is only known by Experience: for let any one (that would make tryal of a piece of this Horn) give &s;ome Poi&s;on to a Whelp or Pullet, and if he find that by giving a little of this Horn in Powder the Animal e&s;cape, he will find rea&s;on to e&s;teem it as a good Medicine. If we approve of Hart&s;horn, why &s;hould the &s;ame Faculty be denied to other Horns? Therefore I would not moro&s;ely inquire whether they be the Horns of the Unicorn or of &s;ome other Animal, &s;o long as they are good and effectual: for it is certain that both Elephants Teeth, and Whale-Bone, and the Teeth of the Sea-Hor&s;e, and common Horns adu&s;t, and Horns digg'd out of the ground,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulgi error. l. 4. c. 38.</NOTE> and other factitious ones are often &s;old for the true Unicorn's-Horn.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. If <HI>Treacle</HI> be taken daily to a Grain, it makes the Body Poy&s;on-proof, (without inflaming) as <HI>Galen</HI> reports it happen'd to King <HI>Mithridates.</HI> I have &s;een many who have been &s;ubject to Swoon|ings without evident cau&s;e, cured on this manner: and it is an excellent Remedy, where we have &s;u&s;picion of any poi&s;onous matter lurking in our Bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Panarol. fa&s;cie. 1. Ar|can. p. 212.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Let <HI>Children</HI> ab&s;tain wholly from <HI>Treacle,</HI> for their Age is too weak to indure &s;o potent a Medicine, and it colliquates their Body, and wa&s;tes their Primigenial heat, like as the light of a Lamp is extingui&s;hed by pouring too much oil into it. I have &s;een a Boy that died through the un&s;ea&s;ona|ble u&s;e of Treacle: He had been feveri&s;h a long time, and his Body being wa&s;ted, his Strength was gone; his Guardian compelled me again&s;t my judgement to pre&s;cribe him &s;ome Treacle, which he could not concoct when he had taken it; for it was above the &s;trength of the Boy, and di&s;&s;olv'd the habit of his Body, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;o that he died that very Night.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de Theriaca, c. 17.</NOTE> Whether it be altogether to be denied to Children, See <HI>Galen Tit. de Morbis In|fant. Lib.</HI> 9.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. As we mu&s;t gue&s;s at the degree of the Poi&s;onous infection of the Blood and Heart, &s;o al&s;o at the Do&s;e of the Alexipharmack Remedy: a little quantity cannot re&s;i&s;t the great Malignity in acute Fevers or the Plague, as &s;uppo&s;e one or two &s;mall Do&s;es of <HI>Treacle,</HI> or of a Sudorifick Bezoardick Tin|cture: Such plenty is to be pre&s;cribed as may drive out the Poi&s;on by large Sweats. Thus was a San|guine Countrey-fellow (being of a good habit of Body) freed from the Plague by taking a Drachm of Treacle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. m. m. lib. xi. S. 3. c. xi.</NOTE> and laying &s;o many Cloaths upon him as made him &s;weat. Yet let not the quantity be too great: One being &s;truck with fear in the time of Contagion, took a little Treacle, whence Sweat fol|lowed on the Night: the day after he took &s;ome more; he repeated it the third time, believing that &s;ome Contagion lay hid; &s;o that in all he took at le<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t four or five Drachms: on the Night following he was taken with a mo&s;t burning Fever, and Pu|&s;tules al&s;o aro&s;e. Treacle, &s;eeing it is hot in the &s;econd, and dry in the third degree, by rea&s;on of its drine&s;s mu&s;t not be given to above a Drachm, though in re&s;pect of its heat we may a&s;cend higher.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salmuth. Cent. 1. Ob&s;. 51.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. Whether is there a Cordial vertue in <HI>Precious Stones</HI> and their Magi&s;teries? Many laugh at their vertues, others &s;u&s;pect them; hence are many Com|po&s;itions, among&s;t which <HI>Confectio de Hyacintho</HI> is fa|mous, being noted for many vertues. <HI>Avenzoar, Mindererus,</HI> and <HI>Zacutus</HI> attribute great vertues to the Emerauld. But the &s;imple Preparation of Stones ought to be more e&s;teemed than their Magi&s;teries, &s;eeing 'tis doubtful whence the&s;e latter have their vertue, whether from the proper form, or from the <HI>Men&s;trua</HI> or Di&s;&s;olvents; if from the&s;e latter, they will do more harm than good: and &s;eeing the weight of the Magi&s;teries is often greater than that of the matter to be extracted, was before; it breeds a &s;u&s;picion that therefore part of the <HI>Men&s;truum,</HI> whe|ther it be vitriolate, tartareous, or have the Nature of any other Salt, in&s;inuates it &s;elf into the Magi|&s;tery, and is to be wa&s;hed out of it by no Art. The weight indeed is increa&s;ed in the &s;imple Prepara|tion of them, but that happens from another cau&s;e, namely, becau&s;e the Air contained in their Pores whil'&s;t they were whole, vani&s;hes upon their grind|ing; or becau&s;e by the long agitation of them upon a Marble, &s;omething parts from it, and mixes with the prepared Medicin: but this is le&s;s hurtful than the corroding <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> added to the Magi&s;teries. <HI>Laur. Hofman</HI> writes, That the Bi&s;hop of <HI>Bre&s;law</HI> often drank the Magi&s;tery of Perls, and that when he died, the coats of his Stomach appear'd black and corrup|ted. <HI>Libavius</HI> &s;hews by &s;ome examples that many have faln into a Con&s;umption by the u&s;e of the Ma|gi&s;tery of Perls and Corals: and that many have died thereby, the coats of their Stomach and Guts being plainly eroded by their acrimony.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. One Drachm of <HI>Magi&s;teries</HI> rightly prepared can do more than an Ounce or more of the vulgar unprofitable and unwhol&s;om precipitated Magi&s;te|ries: &s;eeing the&s;e being taken into the Body do on|ly like &s;lak't Lime (as it were) whiten over the Sto|mach and Guts, and oppre&s;s them by &s;ticking long upon them undi&s;&s;olv'd; or if they glide out of the Stomach, by ob&s;tructing the Me&s;araick Ve&s;&s;els, and hindring Concoction, they are apt to cau&s;e at length grievous Di&s;ea&s;es: I will confirm this by an In&s;tance: A Nobleman complained of a weight of his Brea&s;t and Stomach, of a <HI>nau&s;ea,</HI> want of Appetite with a lingring but continual Fever, though he u&s;ed a very
<PB N="684" REF="306"> good diet, and Cordial and Cephalick Powders. Although he were naturally weak; yet I thought good to begin the Cure with &s;ome general Reme|dy; and &s;u&s;pecting from his <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> that &s;ome crude matter &s;tuck in his Stomach and its upper Orifice, I got him to con&s;ent to take a gentle Vomit, which wrought very gently twice upwards and thrice downwards. In the afternoon I found him pretty well, and he told me that he found great ea&s;e a|bout his <HI>praecordia.</HI> His Lady bringing out a Silver ba&s;on &s;hewed me what he had Vomited, which was about a quart of thick and vi&s;cid Phlegm, in the bottom whereof there was a Powder, like white a&s;hes, a Fingers thick, for a &s;ediment. Look|ing upon his Stools al&s;o, they likewi&s;e lookt ju&s;t as if they had been mingled with a great deal of a&s;hes. Now &s;everal dayes before, he had taken daily a precious Powder, almo&s;t of the &s;ame co|lour, made of the Magi&s;teries of Perls and Co|rals, of Harts-horn burnt and prepared and an Epi|leptick Powder,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwelf. ap|pend. ad a|nimadv. in Pharm. Aug. <HI>p. m.</HI> 92.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; It is to be noted that the greatly cryed up Magi&s;teries prepared of Coral, Perl, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> e&s;pecially by the Oyl of Tartar, an&s;wer not the promi&s;es of their Authors, &s;eeing by &s;uch preparation, their vertue to temper, fix and con|centrate acids,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. de le Bo&euml; Sylvius <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> is broken, if not quite aboli&s;hed: It is therefore better to u&s;e them only reduced into a fine Powder, than &s;o prepared or rather cor|rupted.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. In the <HI>di&s;&s;olution of Perles</HI> it is a common er|rour to pour di&s;tilled Vinegar upon them. For it is &s;ure the Liquor that a&s;cends in di&s;tilling of it is in&s;ipid and altogether unfit for di&s;&s;olving of Perles; and that which remains in the bottom after di&s;til|lation, by its corro&s;ive vertue di&s;&s;olves both Perles and other things, and reduces them into a powder as it were and calcines them: now this is not to draw out the Spirit of perles, but to corrupt their whole &s;ub&s;tance. The Bi&s;hop above-mentioned took often of &s;uch magi&s;tery of perl as this, and when he was dead the coats of his Stomach ap|peared black and corrupted: Marque&s;s <HI>John</HI>'s Lady had the &s;ame hap, in whom the Coats of the Sto|mach were plainly eroded. There is indeed hard|ly any Gla&s;s that it is kept in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Monav. in Epi&s;t. Schol|tz. Ep. 163.</NOTE> &s;o firm, but it will erode it and turn it to a&s;hes.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Among Alexipharmacks <HI>Tormentil</HI> and <HI>Bole,</HI> are wor&s;t for tho&s;e who have a dry Belly: <HI>Dunc. Liddel. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 5. for by their earthy ad&s;tricti|on they cau&s;e ob&s;truction and putrefaction.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Le&s;t tho&s;e who are accu&s;tomed to the u&s;e of the <HI>Volatil Salt of Vipers,</HI> find unexpected effects of it and &s;uch as are contrary to its Nature; I would admoni&s;h them that they carefully avoid the mixing any thing with it that is very acid, e&s;|pecially Spirits, &s;uch as are tho&s;e of Salt, Vitriol, Sulphur and the like,<NOTE PLACE="marg">M. Charras tr <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tat. de vipera <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> for by tho&s;e it would be fix|ed, and its operation wholly hindred.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. <HI>Sulphureous Spirits</HI> kindle the Sulphur of the Blood, <HI>Volatil &V;rinous</HI> ones rarefie it, and <HI>Acid</HI> Spi|rits tame and dull or blunt it: All the&s;e u&s;ed in|wardly re&s;tore the heat and motion of the Blood, encrea&s;e and vigorate its bal&s;amick oleous parts: whence Apoplectick, Hy&s;terick, Cordial Spirits and the like revive the Spirits, remove fainting, and recall the langui&s;hing faculties. But &s;eeing both the&s;e and the re&s;t are very active, they are all of them to be given warily: For being given un&s;ea&s;onably, 1. they fill the head and intoxicate; 2. they deject the appetite, which yet, being u&s;ed moderately, they are in their own Nature rather apt to re&s;tore, by exciting the heat of the Sto|mach: 3. they make men Phthi&s;ical and Hydropical; the former, by con&s;uming the dewy Nectar of the parts, the <HI>Serum,</HI> and by making the Humours more acrimonious; the latter, by de&s;troying the tone and temperature of the <HI>Vi&s;cera:</HI> Whence <HI>Hofman</HI> in his Preface <HI>De medic. Officin.</HI> writes rightly, that our Countrey Brandy whether it be made of the Lees of Wine, or of Wheat or Spelt, or of Juniper-berries, is &s;o hurtful to the Liver; that in two or three months by bringing a colliquation it cau&s;es a Drop&s;ie that is deadly to all that fall into it. I have often ob&s;erved the &s;ame thing my &s;elf, that all tho&s;e &s;tout drinkers of Brandy have at length become phthi&s;ical or Drop&s;ical or both. But <HI>&V;ri|nous Spirits</HI> rarefie the Blood, and by making the <HI>Se|rum</HI> halituous and fluxile, provoke &s;weat; whence when&s;oever there is need of volatili&s;ing, let the&s;e be at hand; for they promote motion and heat far more powerfully than the Spirit of Wine; they expell al&s;o, whence they are very powerful in driving out the &s;mall Pox; they drive away drowzine&s;s in the Apoplexy, Epilep&s;ie, and fits of the Mother; hence they are good in malignant di&s;ea&s;es, if any be: but we mu&s;t take heed that by too much rarifying we do not di&s;&s;olve the Blood and ha&s;ten death. Hence tho&s;e admirable effects are to be referred hither that are here and there a&s;cribed to them, as <HI>Hartman</HI> relates of the Spirit of Soot that it has rai&s;ed to life again tho&s;e that were even a dying. Neither yet is there any rea&s;on why we &s;hould &s;o much e&s;teem the Spirit of Vipers and Soot that is more &s;tinking and ungrateful, &s;o as that we &s;hould attribute more to them than to others; for as good as any, are, of the more Sulphureous and Bezoardick, the Spirit of Ivory and Harts horn, and of the purer, the Spirit of Sal ar|moniack. La&s;tly &s;eeing <HI>Acids</HI> tame and blunt the Sulphur of the Blood, acid Spirits do this in gene|ral, yet the&s;e al&s;o vary in regard of &s;pecial effects and qualities; thus Spirit of Vitriol is hurtful to the Brea&s;t, the Spirit of Nitre is an Anticolick, the Spirit of Salt performs all the offices of an acid in the fir&s;t degree as it were and indifferently:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. Pharm. <HI>p.</HI> 201.</NOTE> The re&s;t are to be referred to the&s;e.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Such <HI>Gellies</HI> are to be cho&s;en as are 1. new, for old grow rancid, and have an ingrateful and mu&s;ty ta&s;te: 2. &s;uch as are tender and whiti&s;h, not the black, dusky, hard like horn, or &s;uch as are not at all grateful or agreeable to the Stomach: hence when not many years ago a very great quantity of Harts-horn Gelly was given to a Child of a noble Family lying ill of the &s;mall Pox, by the advice of an eminent Phy&s;ician, and thereupon a little before his death he begun to vo|mit blacki&s;h &s;tuff, much like the Gelly in colour, and a &s;hort while after died, the Phy&s;ician lo&s;t a great deal of credit by it: Al&s;o 3. let them be liquable, &s;uch as will melt of their own accord as it were upon the tongue, and &s;lip down plea&s;ant|ly. Mucilages and Gellies have a very noble u&s;e in drine&s;s and chapping of the Tongue in fe|vers, for they allay the acrimony of the Hu|mours, the <HI>Serum</HI> and choler, which they make more &s;limy and thick; they temper the fervour of the Blood and keep its con&s;i&s;tence in &s;afety, that its fibres part not too much from one ano|ther: They al&s;o quench thir&s;t, by allaying not only the heat of the Stomach but of the Lungs al&s;o, whence thir&s;t chiefly &s;prings: yet the Sto|mach is not to be bird-limed as it were with all of them. They are good al&s;o for taming and blunting the wa&s;ting ferment of the Blood in Hectick and Phthi&s;ical per&s;ons. Yet in all of them re&s;pect is to be had to the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. Pharm. pag. 142.</NOTE> le&s;t its ferment be too much blunted by them, or the tone of its &s;ub&s;tance be loo&s;ned.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="685" REF="306">
<HEAD><HI>Alteratives.</HI> See <HI>Preparatives</HI> below.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What Medicines are called <HI>temperate,</HI> and what is their vertue. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence the faculties of Medicines are to be deduced accor|ding to the Chymi&s;ts. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence the degrees of hot Medicines are to be deduced. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Medicines are called cold. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Acids be hot or cold. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be &s;ome bitter Medicines that are cold. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Medicines are &s;aid to be moi&s;t, and what dry. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine be hot or dry. <HI>ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the alteration of Humours according to the Moderns and of the <HI>preparation</HI> of them. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THo&s;e Medicines are called temperate <HI>&agrave; priori</HI> or in them&s;elves, wherein the active and pa&s;&s;ive qualities temper one another, or which exceed in neither, nor are &s;o furni&s;hed with the active Principles, <HI>viz.</HI> Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, that any of the&s;e do &s;en&s;ibly predominate; but the particles are &s;o commen&s;urated among them|&s;elves, that there cannot be ob&s;erved the exce&s;s of one above another. And tho&s;e are called temperate <HI>&agrave; po&s;teriori</HI> or as to their effects, which neither heighten nor dimini&s;h our native heat, but do kindly cheri&s;h and pre&s;erve it, &s;o long as they keep within the bounds of their mediocrity; and they are generally in a manner alimentous, and &s;uch as one can hardly exceed in the u&s;e of them. But the&s;e have a great latitude, &s;o that tho&s;e are properly called temperate, which otherwi&s;e are reckoned to be hot, cold, moi&s;t or dry in the fir&s;t degree. A &s;ign of this is, that they leave behind them no exce&s;s at all in ta&s;te, &s;mell or ef|fect. And &s;o as to temperate Medicines, note 1. that many of them are aliments; 2. they are con|venient for lenifying the heat; 3. they dige&s;t and are paregorick; 4. they are good for mitigating roughne&s;s in the throat, or any other; 5. e&s;pe|cially in the <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> and hot Di&s;ea&s;es; 6. for they &s;trengthen, and demulce the pores, and &s;o are tem|perate al&s;o inwardly.</P>
<P N="2">II. Authors are wont to delibe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ate 1. of <HI>Degrees</HI> in the qualities of Medicines; for &s;eeing even by comparing Mixts to one another &s;ome are more furni&s;hed with &s;ome of the active principles, <HI>viz.</HI> Salt, Sulphur and Mercury (for from the&s;e we will chiefly deduce the Faculties of Mixts, as the <HI>Ari|&s;totelians</HI> and <HI>Galeni&s;ts</HI> derive them more from Ele|ments) and others alter the Body more, whether in active or in pa&s;&s;ive qualities; &s;ome heat more, others moi&s;ten more, &amp;c. we may ea&s;ily gather that there are &s;ome degrees to be granted, as differences and terms of acting, or a certain propriety, which is Geometrical, not Arithmetical: And &s;o there are two axioms and certain <HI>Po&s;tulata,</HI> 1. that Mixts do alter the Body; 2. that they alter more or le&s;s evidently, or weakly, or mo&s;t manife&s;tly; whence there are four degrees concluded upon: But be&s;ides the <HI>degrees,</HI> there are 2. <HI>man&s;ions</HI> of the degrees: Which although &s;ome deride, yet this di&s;tinction is nece&s;&s;ary in the active qualities: For if it be true that there is a great latitude of the&s;e, and that all cannot be included in &s;trict li|mits; why may not one inquire into the&s;e more narrowly, yet &s;o that we may indeed the more expre&s;s the latitude it &s;elf, and yet not thereby confound our under&s;tandings?</P>
<P N="3">III. Tho&s;e <HI>Medicines</HI> therefore are &s;aid to be <HI>hot &agrave; Priori,</HI> or in them&s;elves, who&s;e con&s;i&s;tence is &s;o framed, that the active Principles, Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, but e&s;pecially the Sulphur and volatil Salt have a certain prerogative, and that more or le&s;s, which is manife&s;ted chiefly by the &s;mell and ta&s;te: but the other pa&s;&s;ive principles are &s;ubjected to the&s;e. And indeed tho&s;e are to be e&s;teemed hot <HI>in the fir&s;t degree</HI> in which the afore&s;aid principles pre|dominate gently, &s;paringly and moderately; or are only &s;uperficially pre&s;ent, and not intimately and thoroughly di&s;per&s;ed, or are not at their own li|berty but blunted by earthy and watry particles. For the active principles, Salt, Sulphur and Mer|cury, lend this temper to Mixts; and the pa&s;&s;ive, water and earth modifie it. Tho&s;e Medicines are called <HI>hot &agrave; Po&s;teriori,</HI> or from their effect, which indeed alter our heat, but without any notable energie, by little and little, ob&s;curely and hardly &s;en&s;ibly.</P>
<P>Thus, <HI>hot in the fir&s;t degree</HI> are mo&s;t of tho&s;e that are called temperate, whether they be herbs, roots, flowers, woods or other mixts that are le&s;s odoriferous, and that have no exce&s;&s;ive and nota|ble ta&s;te; whether they be al&s;o <HI>Emollients,</HI> &s;uch as have a moderate humidity withal, as mucilaginous and fat; or <HI>Dige&s;ting,</HI> as the re&s;t. The&s;e have place in divers di&s;ea&s;es, they open gently, &s;trength|en, di&s;cu&s;s, &s;often and temper. As to their <HI>ta&s;te,</HI> the hot in this fir&s;t degree are <HI>fat</HI> and <HI>in&s;ipid,</HI> yet with a gentle tang of volatilily, whither al&s;o are referred by &s;ome, Mercurial plants, Pur&s;lain, Mer|cury, Pellitory,: <HI>&s;weet,</HI> as Lyquori&s;h: <HI>earthy,</HI> which have a kind of a volatil farewel, as Fumito|ry, Liverwort: <HI>Odoriferous,</HI> which have not a ta&s;te an&s;werable, as the flowers of the Linden-tree, primro&s;es.</P>
<P><HI>Hot in the &s;econd degree</HI> &agrave; Priori, or in the mixture it &s;elf, are &s;uch as have Sulphur and Salt, volatile or fixt, more eminent: whence &s;uch are 1. <HI>bitter,</HI> as Wormwood, Aloes, Birthwort, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Germander, <HI>Gratiola,</HI> or Hedge-hy&s;&s;op, &amp;c. 2. <HI>re&s;inous,</HI> Bal&s;amick, Spirituous, as tops of Pine, Ma|rigold, Amber, Myrrhe, Turpentine, Spirit of Wine, Bal&s;am, gum Ammoniack, &amp;c. 3. <HI>&s;omewhat a|crimonious,</HI> as Rocket-&s;eed, Jalap, and other not ve|ry &s;trong purgers: 4. <HI>&s;aline,</HI> or middle Salts, as Tartar vitriolate: 5. <HI>middle Aromaticks,</HI> as Balm, Cinnamon, &amp;c. <HI>Hot in the &s;econd degree</HI> &agrave; po&s;teriori, or in their operation, are tho&s;e which exceeding more manife&s;tly, &s;en&s;ibly and notably in &s;mell and ta&s;te or both, do alter, but yet without trouble or hurt, &s;o that as yet they may be endured, though with manife&s;t alteration: And &s;o the&s;e have a mid|dle place as it were, they &s;trengthen, open, provoke the Terms, ab&s;terge, alter, and perform their other Offices more &s;trongly than the former: They are al|&s;o Bal&s;amick, &s;uch as pre&s;erve the vigour of the Blood intire, and avail to long life.</P>
<P><HI>Hot in the third degree</HI> &agrave; priori are tho&s;e wherein volatile, or fixt Salt do more eminently predomi|nate, with or without an acce&s;&s;ion of Sulphur: whence belong hither, for in&s;tance, 1. <HI>all volatil Salts,</HI> as of Scurvigra&s;s, Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>a&s;arum,</HI> &amp;c. 2. <HI>lixivial Salts,</HI> or the fixed Salts of plants: 3 <HI>acids,</HI> which have al&s;o an acrimonious virtue: 4. <HI>acrimonious</HI> and biting things, as Pepper, Burnet: 5. <HI>&s;tronger Aromaticks,</HI> as Cloves, Mace, &amp;c. <HI>A po&s;teriori</HI> tho&s;e which alter manife&s;tly, &s;en&s;ibly, and with hurt as it were, if there be any exce&s;s, &s;o that neither the tongue can endure them long without trouble, nor the body in any great quantity: Whence the&s;e rarifie the Body more, increa&s;e its Sulphur and volatil Salt, tame the fixing Humours, take away a cachexie, di&s;cu&s;s wind, open the pores of the Nerves, and &s;o are good in the Pal&s;ie, are anti&s;corbutick, power|fully break the Stone, refre&s;h the weak Spirits, and rou&s;e the Apoplectical and Hy&s;terical.</P>
<PB N="686" REF="307">
<P><HI>Hot in the fourth Degree</HI> &agrave; priori are tho&s;e which have a more acrimonious and almo&s;t cau&s;tick Salt, (whether <HI>volatil,</HI> as Onions, Pepper-wort; or <HI>fixed,</HI> as Mercury &s;ublimate) which predominates over the Sulphur it &s;elf although pre&s;ent; whence &s;uch are 1. mo&s;t acrimonious, 2. rubifying, 3. eroding: hence they afford ve&s;icatories and potential Cau|&s;ticks, that erode and corrupt more &s;trongly. <HI>A po|&s;teriori</HI> tho&s;e which are of the greate&s;t activity, mo&s;t vehement and as it were in&s;tantaneous ope|ration, and not without great hurt. Yet the&s;e al&s;o have their certain man&s;ions, for Ar&s;enick operates more powerfully and &s;ooner than Onions, &amp;c.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Medicines cold</HI> &agrave; priori are &s;uch wherein there are no volatile, hot, acrimonious, aromatick or a|ereal particles, but the active principles, particu|larly the Sulphur and Mercury, are more &s;paring, or &s;ubjugated; and the Salt in like manner is ei|ther ab&s;ent, or has attained a fluor, and is remar|kable for inverted acid particles: or el&s;e they are &s;uch in which the pa&s;&s;ive principles, water and earth, are found more prevailing, and the acid Salt as afore&s;aid. Cold Medicines are oppo&s;ed to hot, even in their actions; &s;o, for example, acids fix the bitter and acrimonious, obt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd the oily, and &s;o for|ward. <HI>A po&s;teriori</HI> tho&s;e which being referred to our heat, do not encrea&s;e it, but demulce it when it is un governable, and bridle choler. For as the hot rare|fie the Blood, exalt the Sulphur with their &s;harp darts, and acuate the volatil Salt; &s;o the cold do concentre the &s;ame, depre&s;s its Sulphur, and fix and coagulate its volatile Salt.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e chiefly are in this place reckoned for cold that are <HI>&V;nivocally</HI> &s;uch, which, for example, either <HI>dilute</HI> and <HI>demulce,</HI> as 1. <HI>watry;</HI> whence Juleps, the whey of Goats milk, the decoction of Barly, the juice of Birch, of Quinces, and other acidulous juices, (which mo&s;t of them are &s;uch in the fir&s;t degree, and others moi&s;tning withal) do nota|bly cool: &s;o al&s;o all <HI>mucilaginous</HI> and <HI>purely gummous</HI> are cold, as the white of an Egg, Tragacanth, Harts-horn, Aloes, Mans-Skull, Gellies, the root of mar&s;h-Mallow, Gum Arabick, the four greater and four le&s;&s;er cold Seeds, which have a certain oiline&s;s, but &s;uch as is watry and temperate: Or they <HI>tame and infringe the Sulphur and volatile Salt,</HI> as 2. <HI>Acid,</HI> juice of Citron, Sorrel, Berberries, and 3. <HI>nitrous,</HI> Pellitory, Mercury, Spinach, Orach, Violet: Or they <HI>re&s;pect ebullition and motion,</HI> as <HI>precipitants,</HI> as 4. <HI>earthy,</HI> for example, plants, the flowers of Balau&s;tins, parts of this nature of Animals and Minerals, al&s;o Woods, as Sanders, Oak, and e&s;pecially tho&s;e which are properly called earthy, as bole Armene, <HI>terra Lem|nia,</HI> &amp;c. Stones, as cry&s;tal, jacinth, and tho&s;e which are of an alkaline Nature: Or they <HI>con&s;tipate</HI> and <HI>con|&s;tringe,</HI> as 5. au&s;tere, &s;typtick, &s;owr, which are ex|amples of the third degree, Tormentil, &s;nake-weed, the rind of Pomegranats, <HI>acacia</HI> or the juice of Sloes, <HI>hypocy&s;tis:</HI> Or they plainly <HI>de&s;troy,</HI> as 6. <HI>poi&s;o|nous,</HI> which are endued with an excrementitious earthy and watry, and with a &s;tinking and impure Sulphur, and &s;o induce a contrary con&s;i&s;tence on the Blood, as Hemlock, Henbane, <HI>Stramonea</HI> or ap|ple of <HI>Peru,</HI> whence they are poi&s;onous: As Medi|cines hot in the fourth degree kill by eroding, &s;o tho&s;e cold in the &s;ame degree by &s;uffocating and coagulating.</P>
<P>Medicines cold <HI>Aequivocally</HI> and energetically, are tho&s;e which either di&s;&s;ipate and procure the exha|lation of Sulphureous &s;oots, as prevailing by a vo|latil Sulphur and being them&s;elves hot, as Spirit of Wine, camphor: or <HI>take away the Cau&s;e,</HI> (as well the fermentation and ebullition, as ob&s;tructions,) as openers. Such namely as are Sulphureous, are all of them heating, unle&s;s they &s;erve for di&s;&s;ipa|tion and hot exhalation, on which account they cool by accident: the Lixivial Saline do more rarefie the Blood, and &s;o do al&s;o heat it: but the Acid do concentrate and refrigerate the &s;ame: the mean, as Tartar vitriolate, are of a middle nature, but they rather commonly heat, cut Phlegm, &amp;c. e&s;pecially common Salt. So that the cold may be referred to the <HI>&s;umma Genera</HI> as it were, as con&s;i&s;ting of watry, earthy and non-lixivial Saline parti|cles.</P>
<P N="5">V. Here the que&s;tion may be determined, whe|ther Acids be cold or hot. For there are not wanting &s;ome that affirm them to be hot, arguing from their acrimony, biting, and that corro&s;ive vertue that they are endued with: Tho&s;e that maintain them to be cold, produce their effects al|&s;o that are manife&s;tly cold, as for example, that acid Spirits allay thir&s;t, and cool the Body by blunting the bilious Humours. Here &s;eems nece&s;|&s;ary a di&s;tinction, fir&s;t between the hot Sulphure|ous, and the hot Saline; &s;econdly between the ex|ternal u&s;e and the internal, or between that which belongs to the &s;olid parts, and that which belongs to the moi&s;t and &s;pirituous. The hot Sulphureous, that is, tho&s;e which have Sulphur predominant, chiefly with a volatil Salt, do all of them increa&s;e our natural heat; but tho&s;e that want Sulphur, and po&s;&s;e&s;s a fluid Salt, as Acids, have indeed acri|monious, cold, biting particles; but he would be ab&s;urd that &s;hould u&s;e them for re&s;toring or invi|gorating the innate heat, or the Sulphur and vola|tile Salt: Whence although in their external u&s;e they cau&s;e an ero&s;ion in the &s;olid Parts, and through their acrimony cau&s;e the Parts to be pain|ed and grow red, which very thing we may al&s;o ob&s;erve in a more tender Stomach, and from a larger Do&s;e, as the Patients do &s;ometimes perceive an <HI>ae&s;tus</HI> and heat from the unwary u&s;e of the Spirit of Vitriol; yet with relation and re&s;pect to the Blood, to our heat, or to the Heart, they are, and are de&s;ervedly called, cold. Others determine, that they cool by accident, ina&s;much as being joyn|ed with cold vehicles, by their penetrating vertue they make tho&s;e more apt to cool: others other|wi&s;e; as for in&s;tance, that they cool by the per|&s;piration of the fiery heat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> There is the like rea&s;on al&s;o of the nitrous, for through the di&s;po&s;i|tion of their four&s;quare or &s;exangular particles (for in&s;tance) they expre&s;s a manife&s;t &s;en&s;e of cold even upon the Tongue. Therefore it is better to call them cold effectively, and rather to reckon them among the cold than the hot: yea it were better to know their nature more intimately.</P>
<P N="6">VI. There is a doubt about &s;ome bitter Medi|cines, that are reckoned among the cold, as Let|tuce, Cichory, Endive, Sow-thi&s;tle, Poppy, Sallow; by who&s;e example there are &s;ome that deny that a&s;&s;ertion of <HI>Galen, That all bitter things are hot,</HI> as par|ticularly <HI>Averroes</HI> and Others: But the an&s;wer is the &s;ame as we gave of odoriferous, to wit, bitter things, as &s;uch, are all hot; yet neverthele&s;s &s;ome of them are called cold, partly becau&s;e their bit|terne&s;s is but very little, and is &s;ubjugated by the abounding moi&s;t Parts; partly becau&s;e their ef|fect is equivocal; as for example, Liverwort is reckoned among the cooling Hepaticks, yet it ra|ther performs that by that effect whereby it opens Ob&s;tructions, ab&s;terges Choler, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. As to the pa&s;&s;ive qualities, <HI>moi&s;t</HI> and <HI>dry,</HI> it is to be noted, that the denomination is de&s;erved|ly taken from the active, as being the more wor|thy; whence tho&s;e that are eminently hot, are for the mo&s;t part dry, unle&s;s they be &s;ub&s;tantially moi&s;t: (whence <HI>Hofman</HI> affirms of Wine, that as to its quality it dries, but as to its &s;ub&s;tance it moi|&s;tens:) But tho&s;e which are eminently cold, the &s;ame (&s;aving an exception) are mo&s;t of them al&s;o moi&s;t. We will here repeat our Hypothe&s;is that is proved in another place, that there are two ali|mentary Humours, the principal the Blood, and the mini&s;tring the <HI>Serum:</HI> As therefore the active qualities, heat and cold, re&s;pect and attend the in|nate
<PB N="687" REF="307"> heat, or blood, and the oily and volatil parts of the &s;ame: &s;o moi&s;t and dry Alteratives di&s;po&s;e the <HI>Serum;</HI> the <HI>moi&s;t</HI> are tho&s;e which pre&s;erve, re|&s;tore and increa&s;e the <HI>Serum;</HI> the <HI>dry</HI> tho&s;e which dimini&s;h, wa&s;te and devour it. Nor hinders it that &s;ome are actually moi&s;t, and yet do dry, through their prevailing Sulphur (for in&s;tance;) and that &s;ome are actually dry and yet moi&s;ten, through a predominant aqueous quality, as Gellies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> What we &s;aid al&s;o of the degrees of heat may be applied here; and yet it is to be noted that there are no Humids in an exce&s;&s;ive degree, unle&s;s one will call tho&s;e &s;o which are &s;uch &s;ub&s;tantially; for the &s;ame things are predicated al&s;o both of tho&s;e that are potentially &s;uch, which are indued with watry, mucilaginous parts; and of tho&s;e that are actually &s;uch, which them&s;elves al&s;o differ in degrees: Thus &s;imple and di&s;tilled waters, Whey, decoction of Barly with Harts-horn, Beer and Wine moi&s;ten, but in different degrees: Or re&s;pect is had to the coldne&s;s joyned withal; whence Henbane, Poppy, Night&s;hade, are &s;aid to be moi&s;t in the third de|gree; the juice of Lettuce is e&s;teemed poy&s;onous. <HI>Moi&s;t in the fir&s;t degree</HI> are tho&s;e which are endued with Particles that are weakly watry and mucila|ginous: <HI>In the &s;econd,</HI> tho&s;e which have the &s;ame more evidently. But in general the <HI>Mucilaginous</HI> do moi&s;ten more, and as it were &s;ub&s;tantially, becau&s;e they are hardlier di&s;&s;ipated; and the <HI>watry</HI> le&s;s, be|cau&s;e they are &s;ooner di&s;&s;ipated. Hence in drine&s;s of the Throat, and in parchedne&s;s and chaps of the Tongue, Practitioners u&s;e to pre&s;cribe the Mucila|ges of the Seeds of Quinces, of Flea-bain with the Syrup of Violets, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Al&s;o tho&s;e that excel in Fat and Oily parts: hence there are ad&s;tringent oynt|ments and liniments properly and in their own na|ture: &s;o al&s;o &s;ucculent, green, pulpous and car|nous things are moi&s;t: In like manner the oyl of &s;weet Almonds and Water-gruel are very profita|ble in that ca&s;e. Likewi&s;e in a &s;qualid and wither|ed habit of Body, as for example in the Hectick and in an atrophie of the parts, be&s;mearings with oyls and fat things, al&s;o with mucilaginous them&s;elves (as the root of Comphrey) are more convenient. So the eyes al&s;o delight in mucilagi|nous things, as the white of an Egg, &amp;c. Likewi&s;e to &s;mooth and demulce in hoar&s;ene&s;s, di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs, Kidneys, &amp;c. This al&s;o is to be noted, that driers in the fourth degree, are hot al&s;o in the fourth degree: &amp; &s;o cold does modifie moi&s;ture, heat drine&s;s, at lea&s;t for the mo&s;t part: and as pre|ternatural heat requires cold Medicines, &s;o pre|ternatural moi&s;ture or ichors require drying.</P>
<P><HI>Dryers</HI> are tho&s;e that have the earthy particles predominant, whether alone, or joyned with Sul|phureous, or with acid or &s;ome other, whence they ab&s;orb or dry up greatly; and hence (for in|&s;tance) chalk, ceru&s;s, <HI>lac lunae, pompholix,</HI> are notable for drying up ichorous humidities: So ulcers that will not <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ill up with fle&s;h, but are exa&s;perated with Empla&s;ticks, are helped by &s;uch dry powders as the&s;e; which I have often &s;een with happy &s;ucce&s;s, &s;ometimes mixing hot things with them (as the powder of the leaves of Birthwort) and &s;ometimes earthy. Hither belong drying and &s;trengthening decoctions and fomentations, &s;uch as are often u&s;ed of Alum, Nitre, Sulphur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Alteratives</HI> are commonly de&s;cribed by tho&s;e Medicines that are endued with the vulgar faculty of heating, cooling, moi&s;tening, drying, at|tenuating and incra&s;&s;ating; but the&s;e re&s;pect not &s;o much the di&s;ea&s;e as the &s;ymptomes: Whence <HI>Sen|nertus</HI> him&s;elf &s;ayes, <HI>To u&s;e refrigerating Medicines, at lea&s;t becau&s;e of heat,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de Fe|br. c. 18.</NOTE> <HI>and not fir&s;t to take away the matter that is the fuel of the febrile heat, is to cure the Symptom and make the di&s;ea&s;e wor&s;e.</HI> Therefore let your Ele|mentary Phy&s;icians, who re&s;pecting only the ur|gency of the Symptomes, inquire of the Patient o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> tho&s;e that attend upon him concerning nothing but heat or cold, know that &s;uch qualities are mere effects of the Di&s;ea&s;es and the Morbifick cau&s;e, or products from the furious <HI>Archeus;</HI> for while it endeavours to expel the &s;trange gue&s;t, it rai&s;es &s;ometimes cold, &s;ometimes heat.</P>
<P><HI>Alteration</HI> therefore <HI>is a motion, as to a patible quality, whereby there is cau&s;ed not</HI> another <HI>thing, but another</HI> man|ner <HI>of thing:</HI> And it is either corruptive or perfec|tive. A <HI>corruptive</HI> alteration is that whereby a for|mer quality is aboli&s;hed, and a wor&s;e is induced, as is done in the generation of Di&s;ea&s;es: A <HI>per|fective</HI> is that whereby a new quality is induced for the perfection of another, which is meant in this place, and we de&s;cribe it by <HI>motion,</HI> whereby pre|ternatural and &s;trange qualities, that deprave or corrupt the ferments of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> the ma&s;s of Blood and other parts of the Body, are aboli&s;hed by adjuvant altering Medicines, and whereby the dome&s;tick and natural are corrected, and reduced as much as may be, to that natural equability and proportion from which they were departed, that health may en&s;ue from thence.</P>
<P><HI>Alteration</HI> therefore is a <HI>motion,</HI> becau&s;e it leads to a more perfect being, whereby are acquired qua|lities agreeable to Nature being repaired by alter|ing Medicines, that perfect health may accrew thereby. Now by the&s;e <HI>Qualities</HI> we under&s;tand not only the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> elementary, active and pa&s;&s;ive, <HI>viz.</HI> hot, cold, moi&s;t and dry; nor only the <HI>&s;econd</HI> and &s;uch as flow from the <HI>modus</HI> of the &s;ub&s;tance, from the various texture of the Parts in the Blood, which, as was &s;aid, are nothing el&s;e but the pro|ducts of the Di&s;ea&s;e or matter, who&s;e departures from a natural e&s;tate are ea&s;ily reparable: but we admit al&s;o <HI>occult</HI> qualities, which are made of fer|ments that our Soul u&s;es for the performing of its actions, which are &s;uch <HI>accidents</HI> as are immediately in the &s;ubject who&s;e they are, and on which they immediately depend, and with which they are tran&s;muted: Thus, for in&s;tance, it is impo&s;&s;ible, that Acid, or Bitter, or Salt, or other qualities contained in the ma&s;s of Blood, &s;hould be changed, and not their &s;ubjects changed withal, on which they depend as on ferments, and in which they are as accidents. Hence <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de pri&s;c. med.</HI> u&s;es not &s;o much the word <GAP DESC="foreign"> <HI>alteration,</HI> as <GAP DESC="foreign"> and <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>mixture</HI> and <HI>coction,</HI> by means whereof what is di&s;temper'd is to be re&s;tored. Whence al|&s;o it will much concern a Phy&s;ician to know in the fir&s;t place from what principles or ferments &s;uch qualities are immediately rai&s;ed; and then how one is to be changed into another; as for exam|ple, how from an acid a &s;weet may be made, or of a &s;weet an acid; from a bitter and acid a &s;owr, from an in&s;ipid a Salt, from a malignant a benign, &amp;c. For he that knows this, &s;hall ea&s;ily correct the preternatural ferments of the&s;e qualities, that a|ri&s;e, by departing from others in an undue quan|tity, quality and motion, or when by their fermen|tative vertues they either invade tho&s;e of a contrary Nature that are join'd with them, or &s;natch along with them tho&s;e that they meet with like them|&s;elves; or they them&s;elves, where they are either overcome by more powerful, or draw weaker to them&s;elves, do put on divers Natures. In a &s;tate of health many things are incorporated with us and &s;ubdued; which if they be not, they degenerate into filth, they violate the vital principle by chang|ing the ferments of the parts, whence, the <HI>Archeus</HI> is di&s;turbed diver&s;ly, and the vital oeconomy prejudic'd.</P>
<P>As therefore the &s;aid Qualities are not to be de|fined by the fir&s;t qualities only, as bare accidents of di&s;ea&s;es and morbifick cau&s;es, but are furni&s;hed rather with <HI>Hippocrates's</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign"> or <HI>powers:</HI> &s;o nei|ther do <HI>altering Medicines</HI> them&s;elves &s;imply partake of an elementary nature, but there lie hid in them other noble and occult qualities, by which in their whole &s;ub&s;tance and appropriation they are contra|ry
<PB N="688" REF="308"> to this or that di&s;ea&s;e; whence we &s;hould not have regard only to hot or cold, &amp;c. but al&s;o to Acid, Salt, Bitter, and other occult and foreign powers re&s;ulting from the ferments whereby man is affected; and, if it may be, we &s;hould &s;earch out Specifick &s;imple Remedies for all di&s;ea&s;es. Where+fore &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> teaches, that di&s;tempers happen to a man <HI>a</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign"> <HI>from the powers,</HI> and by them un|der&s;tands the efficacies and vertues of the juices; let us &s;ee how we can invent Remedies that are fitly oppo&s;ite to them, and are furni&s;hed al&s;o with their powers or Specifick ferments. If therefore there be a malignant fever, and the Blood do thence too much efferve&s;ce through the febrile and poi&s;onous ferment; &s;uch altering Re|medies &s;urely are to be u&s;ed, as not only fix and precipitate the febrile ferment, but al&s;o withal re&s;i&s;t its malignity and are Alexipharmack.</P>
<P>Hitherto of the <HI>formal</HI> cau&s;e of <HI>Alteration,</HI> its <HI>Effi|cient</HI> cau&s;e is next to be inquired: and we deter|min it to be the fermental heat of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> that by the help of altering Medicines, which al&s;o have their ferments, &s;ubdues the morbifick matter, tran&s;mutes it, and in due manner afterwards ex|pels it: for if the vertue of this fermental heat, and its Bal&s;amick &s;altne&s;s by chance be altered, or &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, or otherwi&s;e become weak; being changed, increa&s;ed, or re&s;tored by the &s;aid Altera|tives, it can ea&s;ily afterwards &s;ubdue and conquer the vitious matter, that is, make it &s;o fluid, that it may afterwards be thrown off without difficulty.</P>
<P>Therefore we mu&s;t inquire how <HI>alterative Medi|cines,</HI> as to their internal vertues, and their very Nature and &s;ub&s;tance, are with re&s;pect both to the ferments of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and al&s;o to the morbifick cau&s;es and <HI>Archeus.</HI></P>
<P>Now we mu&s;t know that <HI>Alteratives</HI> perform their Offices by qualities either manife&s;t, or occult. The manife&s;t operate by means of a certain <HI>Precipitation,</HI> taken largely, only as it denotes di&s;&s;olution, and &s;uch a di&s;po&s;ition as is not procured without a pre|vious de&s;truction of the morbifick ferments, (the natural ones being re&s;tored by the ferments of the Medicines,) a taming of the Humours produ|ced by fierce ferments, a divi&s;ion of the continu|ous and heterogeneous, a &s;egregation of the conti|guous, and on the contrary a congregation of the homogeneous, la&s;tly without a &s;trengthning of the whole Nature: For the furious ferments of the Humours being de&s;troyed and extinct, and the fiercene&s;s of tho&s;e things produced thereby being mitigated, the activity and vertue of the Natural ferments that before was languid, being a&s;&s;i&s;ted by the ferments of the <HI>altering Medicins,</HI> do emerge again as it were, by promoting the &s;ubduing of the morbifick matter, &s;o that the fiercene&s;s of the turge&s;cency being in a due manner plainly depo&s;'d by precipitation, the matter can ea&s;ily afterwards be ca&s;t off either &s;en&s;ibly by &s;tool, or Urine, or &s;weat, or in&s;en&s;ibly, whence Nature recovers her &s;trength again, which before was di&s;compo&s;ed and oppre&s;&s;ed: for the Humours them&s;elves, as &s;uch, are not always the cau&s;es of di&s;ea&s;es, but &s;ome ma|lignant ferment in them and naughty di&s;po&s;ition of the Humours which even in a very little quan|tity has great vertue; and if this ferment be ex|tingui&s;hed, and this quality removed, the di&s;ea&s;es cea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sernert de c. &amp; d. c. 25.</NOTE> For we think that all progre&s;s almo&s;t of di&s;ea&s;es is owing to &s;ome vitious ri&s;e of ferments: for the&s;e either &s;pringing in the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> appointed for chylification and &s;anguification, or being car|ried to the whole ma&s;s of Blood and other parts under the cover and &s;hew of aliments, what tra|gedies do they rai&s;e! what Stirs! but now the extingui&s;hing of the&s;e pre&s;ently in the bud gives a joyful hope of health. Apoplexies, Epilep&s;ies, want of appetite, crudities, &amp;c. proceed from the corrupt ferments of the dige&s;tions; and when the ma&s;s of Blood is &s;ometimes too much exalted, boils in the Ve&s;&s;els, and Fevers of divers kinds and natures are kindled thence, this &s;ometimes proceeds from febrile ferments; but &s;ometimes the febrile fer|ments them&s;elves are the products of a &s;pontane|ous efferve&s;cence of the Blood.</P>
<P>The rea&s;on why an acetous and &s;owr di&s;po&s;ition is often induced on the Blood (&s;uch as is in the Scorbutical, Hydropical, Cachectical, and tho&s;e that labour of other Chronical di&s;ea&s;es) is the a|cid and Saline nature of the ferments; and in the de&s;troying of the&s;e con&s;i&s;ts the whole rea&s;on of the cure; whil&s;t the&s;e la&s;t, the di&s;ea&s;es continue; and becau&s;e of the&s;e, Purgings and Bleeding only are to no purpo&s;e, for the Patients are macerated with purgers, unle&s;s the&s;e be chiefly taken away in the fir&s;t place. <HI>For it is always better,</HI> &s;ayes <HI>Senner|tus, that vitious Humours &s;hould not be generated, than that they &s;hould be evacuated when generated.</HI> Thus (for ex|ample) in the cure of all Fevers, before all things the febrile ferments, (the next cau&s;e of the ebul|lition in the ma&s;s of Blood) as mo&s;t urging, are to be fixt and precipitated by Specifick antipy|reuticks, Diureticks and Diaphoreticks that imitate Nature, which having extingui&s;hed the febrile fer|ments may afterwards withal re&s;olve the vitious matter produced by them, and having re&s;olved it, may &s;eparate it from the ma&s;s of Blood by conve|nient wayes: and when at length the febrile ebul|lition of the Blood is allayed and the paroxy&s;m bani&s;hed, then the occa&s;ional febrile cau&s;e is by a methodical cure to be removed by purgers, and a relap&s;e to be prevented. The Method is the &s;ame in Chronical di&s;ea&s;es; which although they have taken firm and &s;trong rooting in the Body, with ob&s;tructi|ons of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> from &s;erous crudities every where collected, and the bal&s;amick Saltne&s;s of the Blood turn'd into acetous and &s;owr, yet are to be cured by precipitating Alteratives, which may tame the Humours tainted with morbifick ferments, may re|&s;olve them, and the dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood being a|mended and the ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> unlock|ed, may con&s;ume and ca&s;t them out.</P>
<P>Now Alterative Medicines do perform this <HI>pre|cipitation</HI> either in a <HI>privative</HI> or a <HI>po&s;itive</HI> manner. Of the former &s;ort are tho&s;e, which not only make a fixt of a volatile, and a volatile of a fixt, but al&s;o of an acid a &s;weet, of a bitter a Salt, of a Salt a bitter; yea and al&s;o by imbibing the preternatu|ral and acrimonious Salts, clean&s;e the Blood, and correct the depraved ferments of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and &s;o &s;top the preternatural fermentation of the Hu|mours. Such kind of Medicines are re&s;oluble, hungry and thir&s;ty, ea&s;ily imbibing acid corro&s;ive Salts, and when they are filled and have done their bu&s;ine&s;s, depart; and they act partly by way of Al|teration acquired in a po&s;&s;ibility of their own, partly by changing the internal qualities of tho&s;e, and &s;uch as de&s;cend from the &s;pecifical quality. <HI>How this is done,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Lang. in Mi&s;cellan.</NOTE> <HI>the more intimate Skill of Spagiricks de|mon&s;trates: for he that under&s;tands the dulcification of Salts throughly, knows very well the rea&s;on of this al&s;o.</HI> For the Alterations that happen in the vital oeconomy from vital principles, depend not on the fire or cold of the Body; heat and cold are accidents not be|longing to the nature of Di&s;ea&s;es. Thus a Thorn being prickt into any part, in an in&s;tant there fol|lows pain, to the pain &s;ucceeds the pul&s;e, from the pul&s;e an afflux of Blood, whence en&s;ues heat, a tumour, an apo&s;teme, &amp;c. the thorn therefore moves the other things after it: Now the metaphorical thorn of Di&s;ea&s;es is the &s;trange fer|ment conceived in the <HI>Archeus,</HI> or other foreign a|cids, ponticks, corro&s;ives, &amp;c. which if the <HI>Archeus</HI> drive or depo&s;it into the ma&s;s of Blood, what di|&s;turbance is thereby rai&s;ed! So in the Liver there are often felt prete<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">natural heats, but all the&s;e are cau&s;ed by means of the wild acid Salts, which ac|cend the <HI>Archeus,</HI> &amp;c. &s;ayes <HI>Helment, lib. pote&s;tat. me|dicam.</HI> &sect;. 20.</P>
<PB N="689" REF="308">
<P>Seeing every thing acts not upon every thing, but upon &s;omething determinate, nor every thing &s;uf|fers not from every thing, but from &s;omething de|terminate; &s;o al&s;o every Morbifick matter being furni&s;hed with its own peculiar Ferment, cannot indifferently be di&s;&s;olved and precipitated by any one, but only by its own appropriate precipitating Medicine. For it is not enough that attenuating Remedies be oppo&s;ed to thick and vi&s;cid humours, and incra&s;&s;ating to thin; but their Nature al&s;o ac+cording to the diver&s;ity of the figure of their Parts with their &s;pecifick Ferments is to be heeded, and &s;pecifick and proper precipitating Remedies are to be u&s;ed, Alkali's for Acids, Acids for Alkali's, Sul|phureous for Sulphureous, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Whence <HI>Walaeus</HI> &s;ays, that <HI>Alteration is made by Conjunction and Perfection: Hence if altering Medicines ought to alter, they mu&s;t needs be mixed with the humours that are to be alter'd; if they would be mixed throughly, they mu&s;t be like the humours, not in re&s;pect of their qualities, for &s;o they &s;hould be contrary, but in re&s;pect of their Con&s;titution: Therefore what things are oily in our Body, let tho&s;e be alter'd with oily Medicines, what are watery with watery, what are acid with Alkali's, what are Alkalizate with Acids,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>When thick, vi&s;cid and acid humours produced from the vicious Ferment of the Stomach, or from the depravation or corruption of the Chyle, &s;tick clo&s;e in the coats of the Stomach, then tho&s;e Reme|dies are to be oppo&s;ed to them, <HI>either</HI> that abound with a volatile aromatick Salt, &s;uch as is in Worm|wood, Aron root, Centaury, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>or</HI> that are endued with an Alkaline fixt Salt, or a volatile lixivious, &s;uch as are the Salts of Worm|wood, A&s;h, Succory, the volatile Salt of Hart&s;horn, the volatile Salt of Tartar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As al&s;o if this acid Crudity be after a &s;ort volatile, and exalted by a fermental humour; &s;o that it penetrate even into the ma&s;s of Blood, it is fixed and changed not only by all fixt Alkaline lixivial Salts prepared from Plants, but al&s;o if there be need of greater pene|tration, by other alkaline volatile Salts, &s;uch as the &s;alt &s;pirit of Sal Armoniack, of man's Blood, of Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with which efferve&s;cing it is in &s;ome mea&s;ure temper'd, coagulated and made neutre. Moreover for this purpo&s;e &s;erve al&s;o Crabs Eyes, red and white Coral prepared, <HI>Spodium,</HI> Mo|ther of Perle, Perch-Stones, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> all who&s;e altera|tion is of a middle &s;ort betwixt the &s;tronger efferve&s;cence that ari&s;es from the afore&s;aid Salts, and the concentration or fixation made with the afore&s;aid Alkali's.</P>
<P>If the Ferment of the Stomach be filled altoge|ther with &s;ulphureous and bitter Excrements; &s;o that it e&s;tuate too much thereby, and a nidorous crudity &s;pring thence, acids are to be given, of which &s;ort are <HI>&s;piritus vitrioli Martis, &s;alis &s;triatus,</HI> &amp;c. the juyce of Citron, Pomegranat, Corinths, Ber|beries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>To correct a lixivial Alkali abounding in the fir&s;t ways, whereby drine&s;s of the mouth and thir&s;t is too much encrea&s;ed, acids al&s;o being taken are profitable: al&s;o Emul&s;ions made of the four cold Seeds. (See the Title of <HI>Sitis,</HI> Thir&s;t.)</P>
<P>Where the Ferment of the Stomach is very weak, or departs too much from its acid Salt volatil Bal|&s;am, tho&s;e things are to be given that &s;upply its place, &s;uch as are volatil acido &s;aline Salts, vola|til acid Spirits; of which number are the fixed Salt of Hart&s;horn prepared with the Spirit of Salt, or the <HI>terra foliata</HI> of Tartar, D. <HI>Moebius</HI>'s aperitive tincture, <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> &amp;c. For the&s;e are the genuine wakeners or exciters of the Ferment of the Stomach and of the other <HI>Vi&s;cera;</HI> they do withal clean&s;e away the filth of all the Dige&s;tions, re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, unlock long-continued Ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and exterminate from the vital juri&s;|diction divers inveterate kinds of Fevers, and other Di&s;ea&s;es that ari&s;e from thence.</P>
<P>The defect of the felleous Ferment is made up by bitter things, as Wormwood, Centaury, Agri|mony, <HI>Card. Ben.</HI> Fumitory, and the roots of Suc|cory and other Aromatick bitter ones: Its exce&s;s is corrected by the acids reckoned up above: For the Fermentation of the bile, unle&s;s it be in a right &s;tate, gives occa&s;ion to divers Calamities in the windings of the Guts.</P>
<P>When the Sulphureous part is &s;ometimes exalted in the ma&s;s of Blood from a febrile Ferment, and is too luxuriant, and the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the Blood per|verted from its due &s;tate, &s;o that it is all in a flame, hot and boiling, then that febrile Ferment, as the mo&s;t urgent, is fir&s;t to be de&s;troyed by pre|cipitation: which is done in intermitting Fevers by tartareous Medicines, by lixivial Martials married to acid Spirits; in continual, by <HI>Bezoardicum</HI> &s;. and c. of Gold and Steel, which do wonderfully bri|dle the ebullition of the Blood; who&s;e vertue ari|&s;es not only from the Antimony and <HI>Mars</HI> and <HI>Sol,</HI> but al&s;o from the Spirit of Nitre, which is fixt abundantly in the&s;e (which the increa&s;e of the weight teacheth) its refrigerating and Anodyne vertue remaining &s;afe (which is known to few) which yet is made more apparent when all the Nitre is turn'd into a mo&s;t white Earth, by the operation declared by <HI>Helmont. Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Alexipyreton</HI> that &s;prings from the &s;ame Fountain, is no le&s;s powerful. Now the cau&s;e of that ebullition is a febrile and poi&s;onous Ferment; which being re|moved, the Di&s;ea&s;e is mo&s;t quickly and &s;afely ba|ni&s;hed: But this is done neither by Purgers, nor by Bleeding (which two are Impairers of the Fa|culties) but by &s;pecifick anti-febrile Remedies (that fix the febrile matter,) by Diaphoreticks and Diu|reticks: to which if &s;pecifick Alexeteries be a&s;&s;i&s;t|ing, you have a true Alexipharmack not only of all malignant Fevers, but al&s;o of the very Plague it &s;elf. In the mean time the febrile <HI>ae&s;tus</HI> or fervour is to be demulced with the acid Spirits of <HI>Mars, tin|ctura Bezoardica,</HI> Gelly of Hart&s;horn and Ivory, with the Juices of Pomegranats, Corinths, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the tin|ctures of Ro&s;es, Violets, and Borage, prepared with the Philo&s;ophick Spirit of Vitriol and a little of the Spirit of Rasberries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>When the &s;aline Parts in the Blood, through bad dige&s;tion and fermentation are not &s;pirituous e|nough nor are rightly exalted, but remain crude and fixt, are at their own liberty and &s;uffer a <HI>fluor,</HI> the Blood not only becomes thick and unfit for Circulation, but acid al&s;o, au&s;tere and acrimoni|ous, &s;o that it is thereby corrupted; and being coagulated breeds Ob&s;tructions in the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and tartareous crudities are every where heaped up, from which proceed the Hypochondriacal Di&s;tem|per, the Scurvy, running and fixed Gout, Stone, Drop&s;ie, Lepro&s;ie, and mo&s;t Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es. In this vicious di&s;po&s;ition tho&s;e Medicines are good which exalt and volatilize what is fixt, and pro|mote an inflation in the whole ma&s;s of Blood. In this ca&s;e Evacuators profit nothing at all, but by depauperating the Blood more, wa&s;te the faculties without remedying: tho&s;e Medicines avail more that are fill'd with a temperate and mild volatil Alkali, &s;uch as Stone-crop, Fumitory, Germander, Centaury, Celandine, Scurvigra&s;s; and the more penetrating, as the &s;alt Spirit of Sal Armoniack, of Hart&s;horn, Soot, Man's Blood, Hart's Blood, the volatil Salt of Tartar, <HI>Arcanum tartari</HI> with the vola|til Salt of Vipers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> re&s;pect being had to the circum&s;tances, are of notable u&s;e. Hither al&s;o are to be referr'd Decoctions of Roots and Herbs im|pregnated with a volatil lixivial Salt; &s;o that the more excellent the&s;e are in this degree, the more ea&s;ily and plentifully al&s;o do they correct the preternatural acidities in our Body. Pre|parations of Steel and Tartar give great hope of Health here al&s;o: for the&s;e, be&s;ides that in the Stomach, the Fountain of Dige&s;tion and Archive of Life, they correct and prepare the
<PB N="690" REF="309"> &s;aid Acidities, which otherwi&s;e might be ho&s;tile in the habit of the Body; they al&s;o imbibe and precipitate the wild Salts in the Blood, and withal unlock the Ve&s;&s;els that are here and there ob&s;tructed.</P>
<P><HI>Precipitating</HI> Medicines work after a <HI>Po&s;itive man|ner,</HI> while they are &s;pirituous and have a &s;in|gular Bal&s;amick vertue; by the benefit whereof they &s;o &s;trengthen the power of the Natural Ferments, and their innate Bal&s;amick &s;altne&s;s, that Nature her &s;elf can now again ri&s;e up again&s;t the Crudities, and dige&s;t, or precipi|tate or &s;eparate them. After this manner ought the univer&s;al Remedy to operate if any had it:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Maurit. Hof|man. Meth. Med. lib. 1. c. 19.</NOTE> or for want of it, other comforting Spirits reduced to the greate&s;t volatility.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Anodynes,</HI> Narcoticks. (<HI>See</HI> Hypnoticks.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Some Anodynes are external, &s;ome internal. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The external act either by mollifying, <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or by hindring an afflux of humours, <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or by Dige&s;ting. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nervine Anodynes. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame agree not to all Parts. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Opium</HI> is better inwardly than outwardly. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Narcoticks take away the &s;en&s;e of the Part. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they take away Pains. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Anodynes and Narcoticks differ only in degree. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Anodynes are not alike Narcotick. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue of Narcoticks depends on the Sulphur. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Opium</HI> is a notable Anodyne. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it ea&s;es Pains. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It &s;tops Fluxes of the <HI>Serum</HI> and Blood. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is convenient for thin humours, not thick. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not to be given where there wants <HI>Serum. XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Malignant Di&s;ea&s;es it is to be joyned with Bezoar|dicks. <HI>Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Opium</HI> is the be&s;t Sudorifick. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let it be given in a due Do&s;e. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The internal u&s;e is often better than the external. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let not the Patient be very weak when he takes it. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold things being applied are an effectual Anodyne. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Preparation of the Oil of yelks of Eggs and Almonds. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THat we may the better proceed in rehear&s;ing the&s;e, it is nece&s;&s;ary to premi&s;e a di&s;tinction betwixt internal and external Anodynes; for ac|cording to the place of application, does their manner of working vary al&s;o: Both of them in|deed loo&s;en the ten&s;ion and vellication of the Membranous Parts, but after a much differing manner.</P>
<P N="2">II. For <HI>outwardly</HI> this is perfomed, 1. By <HI>Emol|lients</HI> (that are &s;uch as to their operation) <HI>whether</HI> they be <HI>Mucilaginous</HI> things, whence a cheap and fa|miliar Poulte&s;s in all Pains is made of the crumb of white Bread, Milk, Saffron, the yelk of an Egg, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> So live-Earth worms being applied do notably a&s;+&s;wage the Pains both of a Whitlow, and al&s;o others of the Nervous Parts; on which account I have &s;ometimes cured the greate&s;t Pains of the Back only by brui&s;ing and applying the&s;e: <HI>Or watery te|pids,</HI> or hot and moi&s;t things; &s;o Baths, Fomen|tations, and the like Topicks do loo&s;en and dige&s;t by a kindly warmth, and &s;o do egregiou&s;ly de|mulce: So <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in a Pleuritick pain applied warm Milk in a Bladder to the aking &s;ide; for although the vertue of the Liquor cannot throughly reach this Membrane, yet neither is there need of it, for it &s;uffices that a kindly warmth may on this manner be continued for &s;ome while, and &s;o affect and demulce for &s;ome continuance the pained part: <HI>Or fat</HI> things, all of which do this, unle&s;s &s;omething hinder their Application; &s;o the common Anodyne Ointment con&s;i&s;ts of meer fats; &s;o the yelks of Eggs are de&s;ervedly reckon'd among the&s;e Anodynes. I &s;ay all fats are good for this, and it is all one al|mo&s;t which you take, for there is hardly a farthing to chu&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. 2. By Medicines <HI>repelling and hindring the afflux of humours,</HI> which, as the former demulce, &s;o do the&s;e dull the &s;en&s;e of the Part: Hither belong all that are actually and potentially cold, as for in|&s;tance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tract. de Nive.</NOTE> <HI>Bartholin</HI> relates that the Colick was cured by applying ice, for the heat is thereby concen|tred, and the con&s;equent irritation and inten&s;ion of the Pain remits.</P>
<P N="4">IV. 3. By <HI>dige&s;ting</HI> Remedies, which have a gen|tle vertue of heating and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing, and &s;trengthen the Native heat, and procure the di&s;&s;ipation of the vi&s;cous matter through the opened Pores; and the&s;e are properly <HI>Paregorick.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Hither belong <HI>(in &s;pecie) Nervine</HI> Medicines, which by their Bal&s;amick vertue are grateful to the Brain, and demulce the Part, and take away the preternatural acrimony; whether they be <HI>&s;pirituous;</HI> thus Pains are often driven away only by Brandy; or <HI>&V;rinous;</HI> &s;o Spirit of Sal Armoniack either by it &s;elf or with Spirit of Wine ea&s;es Pains; &s;o the Spi|rit of Hart&s;horn, the volatil Spirit of Earth-worms and the like, do greatly a&s;&s;wage Pains of the Ner|vous or Membranous Parts; or <HI>mixts,</HI> &s;uch as our renouned Nervine Liniment of <HI>Aqua Magnanimitatis,</HI> the volatil-Spirit of Earth-worms, and of Hart&s;horn or Armoniack conjunctly. And the&s;e indeed are good in Pains of all &s;orts, yet not after one manner, nor for all Parts.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Thus the &s;pirituous and dige&s;ting, the le&s;s fat, and the middle &s;ort of Emollients are more profitable to the membranous Parts and Joynts: So Emollients are more convenient, where the ways are to be loo&s;ened withal, as in the Stone, and in Inflammations that tend to Suppuration; dige&s;ting and &s;pirituous where we would di&s;cu&s;s more: So Repellers are more convenient in &s;afe and dry pla|ces, as the Head; but le&s;s, in the &s;oft and moi&s;t, as the Brea&s;ts. Seeing therefore there is a great latitude of the&s;e, Anodynes are to be di&s;criminated well, and varied according to the nature of the Parts and Di&s;ea&s;es, in which very thing a Phy&s;ician differs from Mountebanks and the vulgar, who whil&s;t they would do good, do a great deal more hurt. But we mu&s;t note for the Explication of the&s;e things,</P>
<P N="7">VII. That <HI>Opium</HI> is more convenient inwardly than outwardly; not but that it may be applied this latter way, but becau&s;e it chiefly re&s;pects the cau&s;e, it is generally u&s;ed the former: And if it be u&s;ed as a Topick, it acts no otherwi&s;e than by demulcing, dige&s;ting and mollifying, and by com|municating part of its <HI>Effluvia</HI> to the Blood: but the re&s;t that we have reckoned up are rather applied outwardly.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Narcoticks (except the actually cold) be|ing applied outwardly, take not away the &s;en&s;e of the Part; they repel not, but di&s;cu&s;s, mollifie and dige&s;t; for that hypothe&s;is of the Ancients was fal&s;e, that determin'd Narcoticks to be cold, and that by the application of them the &s;en&s;e of the Part is intercepted, taken away and dies: which is again&s;t Experience; for <HI>Opium</HI> being applied and worn for twenty four hours or more, is &s;o far from taking away the &s;en&s;e, that it rather mollifies. Hence Henbane being boiled with Milk does greatly a&s;|&s;wage &s;corbutical Pains, but it does it chiefly with its mollifying and dige&s;ting vertue; in like manner we have &s;een a Pla&s;ter of Henbane very much to
<PB N="691" REF="309"> help Pains, to di&s;cu&s;s, and promote Suppuration as there was occa&s;ion. There is the &s;ame rea&s;on of Hemlock; whence it is vainly objected by &s;ome, that the u&s;e of the Pla&s;ter of Hemlock is not &s;afe in a <HI>Scirrhus</HI> of the Spleen, becau&s;e it rather congeles. Therefore that Hypothe&s;is is to be turn'd out of the Medical Court; and yet it is not to be denied that a Sulphur, which they call Narcotick, is found in the&s;e very Medicines, which is communicated to the Blood partly even in outward appli|cation.</P>
<P N="9">IX. External Narcoticks and Anodynes that a&s;|&s;wage Pain, do al&s;o by accident procure &s;leep: but (except tho&s;e of Poppy) they are not equally u&s;ed for procuring &s;leep: but Opiats do both. For where Pains cau&s;e watchings, when tho&s;e are removed, the&s;e al&s;o by the &s;ame means are ta|ken away: But it is unlawful to give Hemlock, Henbane, or Mandrake inwardly, for they con|tain a Sulphur that is impure, indige&s;ted, ini|mical to Nature, not kindly. Now to <HI>internal.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. Anodynes and Narcoticks differ only in de|gree; but neither all Anodynes nor all Narcoticks are Hypnoticks: For the binding of the &s;en&s;e, which is properly called <HI>Narco&s;is</HI> or &s;tupefaction, if it be meant of inward Medicines, is owing to the binding of the Animal Spirits, &s;o that they do not flow into the Parts, but are de|tained by a Narcotick vapour as by a band; &s;o that internal Anodynes by increa&s;ing the Do&s;e may be made Narcoticks; and on the contrary.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Yet there are &s;ome Anodynes that are not equally Narcoticks; &s;uch as do indeed mitigate the acrimony of the Humours, and take away the Pains that depend thereupon, and by accident al&s;o &s;ome|times procure &s;leep; but they cau&s;e not &s;leep by a primary intention, as for in&s;tance the Anodyne Sulphurs (commonly called Narcotick) of Metals and Minerals, &s;uch as lodges in native Cinnabar, of which I have &s;een &s;ome notable Effects, that the aking of the Teeth, Head and other Nervous Parts has been &s;topped thereby, whence Cinnabarines are good in all great Pains, as taking away the ten&s;ion and twitching of the <HI>genus membrano&s;um,</HI> and ab&s;orbing and precipitating the acrimony if there be any, and &s;o they are mo&s;t convenient in the Gout, Pleuri&s;ie, Stone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. That the manner of the action of &s;omnife|rous Medicines <HI>in &s;pecie,</HI> or of the&s;e Narcoticks in general, and e&s;pecially of Opiats may appear the more clearly, we &s;ay that it con&s;i&s;ts not in a Salt, nor a Mercury, but in a Sulphur, and <HI>that</HI> 1. in|deed kindly, and 2. ea&s;ily re&s;oluble: I &s;ay in a <HI>Sulphur;]</HI> which is clear in the Inflammability, fat|ne&s;s, &s;mell, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of <HI>Opium,</HI> Saffron and the like; al&s;o from the Oil which it is ea&s;ie to draw from them by Di&s;tillation; <HI>and that kindly,]</HI> that we may re|move all tho&s;e from internal u&s;e that are not en|dued with &s;uch an one, but an immature, indi|ge&s;ted, fetid one, or one that is inimical to Na|ture; notwith&s;tanding that the&s;e very things by this very Sulphur are apt to induce &s;leep, yea death; <HI>and ea&s;ily re&s;oluble]</HI> both in it &s;elf, and al&s;o in re&s;pect to the Body: In it &s;elf, ina&s;much as &s;uch Medi|cines have withal <HI>either</HI> a volatil Salt, as <HI>Opium,</HI> Saffron, whence ari&s;es their re&s;olution in the Sto|mach, or Exhalation, and their quicker evapora|tion, and ea&s;ie communication to the Blood; <HI>or</HI> a watry vehicle, as Emul&s;ions, Brandy; for it is ve|ry well known, that by the&s;e two chiefly is Sulphur unlocked, expanded and re&s;olved, and con&s;equently gains its activity, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="13">XIII. None of the Anodynes is more famous than <HI>Opium,</HI> this is the fir&s;t and la&s;t of all, with which alone the Phy&s;ician may be content, if he know how to ufe it; whence with good rea&s;on <HI>Willis</HI> hath a&s;&s;erted that Medicine cannot want it: <HI>Sylvius</HI> was wont to &s;ay; he had rather be no Phy|&s;ician than want <HI>Opium;</HI> and <HI>Platerus</HI> &s;aid once by <HI>Hyperbole,</HI> that though a man were broken on the Wheel he could by his <HI>Opium</HI> pre&s;erve his life, mean|ing that there is no Pain as it were which gives not place to it.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Opium</HI> a&s;&s;wages <HI>Pains</HI> not palliatively, but truly. Some Phy&s;icians are too &s;crupulous in this ca&s;e, who always cry, the Cau&s;e, the Cau&s;e is to be taken away, and that it is contrary to Method, to &s;eek to remedy the Symptom of Pain by Opiats, that will la&s;t but a little while: For indeed <HI>Opium</HI> does greatly demulce the acrimony of the Humours, and keep the Morbifick matter in the centre as it were, and grants re&s;t to Nature: whence the rea|&s;on why it does not allay Pain alwayes alike and throughly, is not to be a&s;cribed &s;o much to the Medicine as to the plenty and acrimony of the Morbifick matter, which we mu&s;t help by other hypnotick Remedies al&s;o.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Nothing cures <HI>Fluxions of the</HI> Serum <HI>and Blood</HI> &s;o well as <HI>Opium:</HI> Hence in Hemorrhagies of the No&s;e or Womb, Spitting of Blood, Loo&s;ne&s;s, Bloody Flux, Catarrhal Fever, it incra&s;&s;ates and concocts, it moderates and bridles, &s;o that the vio|lence of the ru&s;hing Humours is &s;topt as it were and tied. Nor hinders it that <HI>Opium</HI> is hot, &s;eeing this very thing is not to be a&s;cribed to the fir&s;t qua|lities, but to the manner of mixture.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. But as it is more convenient for thin, vola|til, watry, acrimonious and fluxile Humours, &s;o is it le&s;s convenient for thick, vi&s;cous, flegmatick and fixed; for it fixes and incra&s;&s;ates the&s;e more; whence in a confirm'd Drop&s;ie Opiats are very hurtful, and Death comes on the &s;ooner by this means, for the plenty is greater, the re&s;tagnation greater: whence we mu&s;t note al&s;o in general, where&s;oever there is great plenty and re&s;tagnation of Humours, there Opiats do more harm than good, for they bridle their motion the more, and make them not fluxile: hence in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, if a greater plenty of Humours ob&s;truct the Pipes of the Lungs, and require to be expectora|ted, as in the Pleuri&s;ie, A&s;thma, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Opiats promote the Suffocation: the &s;ame holds in a Cough, Pains of the Stomach and others.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. When&s;oever <HI>Serum</HI> is wanting, <HI>Opium</HI> is either not to be given at all, or not but with Moi&s;teners; nor in malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, but with Bezoardicks: hence it is u&s;ed in vain to procure &s;leep in old Men: (See tit. of <HI>Hypnoticks.</HI>) But in all malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, when the Pain is more vehement or the Flux grea|ter, it operates &s;afely and plea&s;antly alone: but when there is only want of &s;leep, it is fitly joyned with Emul&s;ions and other Bezoardicks. Yet it &s;elf is not the meane&s;t among Alexipharmacks, as may appear by Treacle, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> and almo&s;t all other Antidotes; whence al&s;o liquid Antidotes, Bezoar|dick Tinctures and Mixtures are fitly compounded with Anodynes, only dimini&s;hing the Do&s;e.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. <HI>Opium</HI> is an excellent Sudorifick: We have hardly any Diaphoretick &s;o certain, &s;o faithful and as it were &s;o properly called &s;o, as <HI>Opium;</HI> yea (which are the words of <HI>Walaeus, m. m. Pag.</HI> 61.) the rea&s;on why Treacle or Mithridate move Sweat, is wholly from the <HI>Opium</HI> that is mixt with them. I have tryed (adds he) the&s;e two Electuaries prepa|red without <HI>Opium,</HI> and they have not cau&s;ed Sweat at all. Whence it does not only increa&s;e the vertue of Sudorificks when it is mixed with them as afore|&s;aid, but al&s;o being given by it&s;elf alone, it for the mo&s;t part procures a gentle and dewy Sweat. So that from all the&s;e things it is clear, that in the u&s;e of Opiats the greate&s;t re&s;pect is to be had to the <HI>Serum,</HI> that the Sulphur of the &s;ame may be re&s;olved and deduced into act.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is better to fail than to exceed in the Do&s;e; but to keep the mean is fafe&s;t in our practice. We have noted that two Di&s;tinctions are nece&s;&s;ary about the giving of <HI>Opium:</HI> 1. <HI>Between the ordinary and extraordinary Do&s;e: Opium</HI> being left to it &s;elf, and not
<PB N="692" REF="310"> increa&s;ed in bulk by the unnece&s;&s;ary addition of &s;uperfluous Ingredients, may fitly be given ordina|rily from a third or fourth part of a Grain, to one, two or three Grains; and in this manner it does its office very well, if &s;o be the degree al&s;o of the Indicant and Prohibent be diligently heeded. But when Pains are very urgent, and the quality of the Blood is very acrimonious, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Cu&s;tom and the like circum&s;tances varying, one may a&s;cend higher, which extraordinaries make not a rule. 2. <HI>Between the fir&s;t and &s;econdary intention:</HI> So if we would only &s;top Pain, watchings or urgent Fluxions, there is need of the larger Do&s;e; if we joyn other Medi|cines to it that are moi&s;tening, ad&s;tringing, ab&s;orb|ing, febrifuges before the Fit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> it is given in a &s;maller Do&s;e, as but half or a third part. The fir&s;t intention is to be an&s;wered ordinarily about Night, and but &s;eldom; the &s;econdary at other times, and oftener.</P>
<P N="20">XX. It is often better to u&s;e it inwardly even for an external Malady: for that is the neare&s;t way to actuate it; whereas to apply it outwardly is about, and le&s;s &s;afe or faithful: Thus in Pains of the Teeth it is often better to &s;wallow an Opiate Pill, than to apply it to the Tooth it &s;elf; though I do not &s;o readily believe that &s;ome have died by the u&s;e of it&punc; this way, as Authors relate. So it is better to omit <HI>Opium</HI> in Cly&s;ters, e&s;pecially &s;ee|ing all Cly&s;ters are foreign to the Guts, nor does the acrimony of the Humours or the Pain equally abate this way, an Errour that has &s;prung from a fal&s;e Hypothe&s;is of the activity of <HI>Opium:</HI> Otherwi&s;e it is u&s;ed &s;afely indeed in Pla&s;ters and Ointments, but there the rea&s;on of its working is far other, as was &s;aid above.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Opiats are not good when the Patients are very weak: They profit indeed the weary, and the pained, and refre&s;h the weak; but if their weakne&s;s be in the highe&s;t degree, they do not do &s;o: &s;o if they be given when Death is at hand, they ha&s;ten it the more. So neither mu&s;t they be given when Labour in Childbirth draws on, for that Pain is rather to be promoted than &s;topped, al|though for another rea&s;on they may be given. So particularly they are to be admini&s;tred more wa|rily in weakne&s;s of the Stomach: But then this is to be under&s;tood of the primary Do&s;e, not of the cur|tail'd; which being ob&s;erved, the Faculties may far more ea&s;ily be re&s;tor'd and recover'd by renew|ing &s;leep, a&s;&s;waging Pain, and checking the <HI>impetus</HI> of the Humours:<NOTE PLACE="marg">G.W. Wede|lius de Simpl. Med. Fac. <HI>p.</HI> 299.</NOTE> On the contrary if when the Spi|rits are exhau&s;ted and &s;pent, the remainder be tyed, Death en&s;ues pre&s;ently.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. For ea&s;ing the greate&s;t Pains, where di|ge&s;ting Anodynes being fir&s;t applied have done no good, let the pained Part be ha&s;tily touched with a Bladder full of cold Water, and let the Bladder be removed again without delay, and repeat this twice or thrice: this is the advice of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Sanctorius:</HI> for a moderate torpor has a vertue to cure Pain: and then the application is made more conveniently in a Bladder, becau&s;e the pained Mem|ber is not offended by the moi&s;ture, which perhaps might do it harm.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Oil of yelks of Eggs and of &s;weet Almonds is not to be drawn out of the yelks or Almonds burnt (which &s;ome Perfume-makers do, that they may draw the Oil more ea&s;ily and plentifully) but they are only to be gently warmed, and then the Oil to be drawn out of them with that diligence that is nece&s;&s;ary: For indeed by burning of them, the Oil is ea&s;ily drawn,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. l. de Gan|graena c. 24.</NOTE> but then it is &s;ordid, &s;tink|ing, and very unfit to allay Pain.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aperients,</HI> or Openers. (<HI>See</HI> Ob&s;tructions, <HI>Book 13. and</HI> Preparers <HI>below.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Volatil Aperients &s;hould be moderately thick. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ab&s;orbing and Re&s;olving Aperients. <HI>II. XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &V;niver&s;al Indicant of Apertion is, <HI>1.</HI> An Ob&s;truction, <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Viz. (1.)</HI> An Ob&s;truction of the <HI>Vi&s;cera; IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>(2.)</HI> An Ob&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els; <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>(3.)</HI> An Ob&s;truction of the Pa&s;&s;ages: <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>2.</HI> A Concrete or tartareous Body indicates Aperients. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Humours and Wind are &s;ubject to concretion. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>3.</HI> A thick, vi&s;cid, clammy Body indicates Aperients. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Thick Humours often lie hid, although the Symptoms of thin be mo&s;t urgent. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>4.</HI> An acid, acrimonious, &s;owr Body indicates Openers: and on what the vertue of Steel-Medicines depends. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgers are Openers: and we mu&s;t u&s;e the&s;e by turns. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What degree of heat Aperients are endued withal. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their active Principles. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Diureticks are Aperients. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let &V;niver&s;al Remedies precede the u&s;e of them. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t too much on them, e&s;pecially on the vola|til. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines that re&s;pect the Part are to be mixed with them. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be mixed with our Meat. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed they dry not too much. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stirring about is nece&s;&s;ary upon taking Chalybeates. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>APerient, re&s;olving, attenuating, inciding,</HI> and <HI>ab&s;or|bing</HI> Medicines, all &s;erve the &s;ame end, for &s;ome of them only expre&s;s the manner of acting more: Their vertue namely and manner of acting con&s;i&s;ts principally in the thinne&s;s of their Parts: Aperients are endued with Particles that incide, are acute, penetrate and loo&s;en the Pa&s;&s;ages, where|by they procure Motion to fixed Humours, and make way for them&s;elves to pa&s;s by. But &s;econda|rily they ought to have a moderate thickne&s;s, that their vertue may not &s;o &s;oon expire or di&s;&s;ipate, which that of Rarefiers does, which are more pro|per for what &s;ticks in the Surface and Pores, for they loo&s;en the Pores and fu&s;e the Humours: Hence bitter things are of great e&s;teem among Aperients, becau&s;e through their earthy Parts they &s;treng|then withal: For it &s;tands for a rule, That tho&s;e Aperients are the be&s;t, which &s;trengthen the Parts and Fibres withal, and do not induce a loo&s;e tone.</P>
<P N="2">II. And the&s;e are the Aperients properly &s;o cal|led, or rather of the fir&s;t cla&s;s, namely of the <HI>vo|latil.</HI> But be&s;ides the&s;e there are others that <HI>ab&s;orb</HI> and <HI>re&s;olve,</HI> not as if they were endued with thin Particles, and &s;o penetrated by their own ver|tue, but becau&s;e they ab&s;orb or drink up the <HI>coagulum</HI> that fixes the Humours as it were, and for the mo&s;t part is an acid, pontick and &s;owr quality, whence the Humours are &s;weetned as it were, and con&s;equently do not re&s;tagnate in their Receptacles or Chanels, but pa&s;s readily to and again, and are either circulated or ca&s;t out.</P>
<P N="3">III. The Univer&s;al and as it were common In|dicant therefore of Apertion (I mean common to the Ve&s;&s;els and Pores ob&s;tructed, and to the matter ob&s;tructing) is 1. <HI>Somewhat ob&s;tructed;</HI> and &s;o hence Aperients, in a great latitude,
<PB N="693" REF="310"> are convenient for all ob&s;tructions in general: For example, for an ob&s;truction</P>
<P N="4">IV. (1.) Of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> as of the Liver, Womb, Kidneys, Spleen, Me&s;entery: where it is to be noted that tho&s;e <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are more liable to ob&s;truc|tions that have many ve&s;&s;els, as the Liver and Spleen e&s;pecially.</P>
<P N="5">V. (2.) Of the <HI>Ve&s;&s;els,</HI> as of the <HI>Veins</HI> and <HI>Arteries,</HI> which are like pipes or channels: Whence as, other|wi&s;e, waters in pipes do by little and little depo&s;it that &s;limy matter wherewith they abound, in the pipes they pa&s;s through, and fix it to their &s;ides: &s;o it is in the Ve&s;&s;els; whence we &s;ee that tho&s;e who&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are ob&s;tructed have their pul&s;e in|crea&s;ed, and that the Blood is moved the quicker, becau&s;e the &s;pace it moves in is narrower. Al&s;o for ob&s;truction of the Nerves, as in the Pal&s;ie, where tho&s;e Nervine Aperients are fitting, that open the ob&s;tructed pores of the Nerves: Al&s;o of the <HI>&s;alival</HI> and <HI>lymphatick</HI> Ve&s;&s;els, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. (3.) Of the <HI>meatus</HI> or <HI>pa&s;&s;ages,</HI> as that of the Gall, of the Inte&s;tines, of the Ureters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whence they are proper in the Jaundice, Colick, Stone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> where we mu&s;t note by the way, <HI>That all Per&s;ons troubled with the Stone are al&s;o Hypochondriacal,</HI> or abound with a tartareous or ob&s;tructing matter in their Blood.</P>
<P N="7">VII. 2. <HI>Somewhat concreted</HI> or tartareous does indi|cate Aperients, when &s;aline, tartareous and earthy Humours cau&s;e ob&s;tructions, in which ca&s;e they are properly called <HI>Re&s;olvents:</HI> Whence in the Stone, Scurvy, or the Hypochondriacal affection they are the only Remedies; whether the concretion and coagulation be <HI>in fieri</HI> (or but a growing) whence in clodding of the Blood, palpitation of the heart, Swooning, Fainting, a <HI>polypus</HI> of the Heart, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> they are good: or <HI>in facto</HI> (when it is completed) as in inward Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, Pleuri&s;ie, Apo&s;tem of the Liver, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> al&s;o in a fall from &s;ome high place, and in Wounds inwardly; whence mo&s;t Antipleuriticks and Antitraumaticks are withal Re&s;olvents, and in a Pleuri&s;ie the &s;ame things are convenient as in a fall from on high: &s;o al&s;o the&s;e Re&s;olvents on this account are good in &s;pitting of Blood, if they be join'd with Ad&s;tringents.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Now &s;ubject to this &s;ort of concretion are either <HI>Humours, viz.</HI> Blood, Choler, <HI>Serum,</HI> Urine, Milk, when&s;oever they re&s;tagnate, and are moved without their proper &s;phere as I may &s;ay, or are out of their Element: or <HI>flatus</HI> or wind, whence Re&s;olvents are al&s;o very good in flatulent Di&s;tem|pers.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Aperients are indicated 3. by <HI>&s;omewhat thick, vi&s;cid</HI> and <HI>clammy,</HI> whether that be meant of the bile, when it becomes &s;luggi&s;h, puts off its proper na|ture, and lo&s;es its &s;alino-Sulphureous, kindly and bal&s;amick acrimony; or of phlegmatick, cold and moi&s;t juices; whence in an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> thick Ca|tarrhs, ill habit, glutinous &s;tone, the Stomach fill'd with Phlegm, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> they are good; in which ca&s;e they are particularly called <HI>Attenuaters</HI> and <HI>Inci|ders.</HI></P>
<P N="10">X. Now although thin Humours al&s;o may often &s;eem to offend in ob&s;tructions, as in the Scurvy and Hypochondriacal affection, yet they are thick pri|vately and in their retirement; and be&s;ides the Saline volatile Parts there are al&s;o others; whence the Symptoms vary widely: thus <HI>Serum</HI> or <HI>Lympha,</HI> &s;o long as it is in its own Sphere and under the dominion of the Natural heat, appears thin, but when it &s;lides out of the Ve&s;&s;els or out of the Bo|dy, it waxes thick, as is &s;een in Catarrhs. Thus Aperients of this &s;ort, e&s;pecially volatil, are good in the Apoplexy, when the original of the Nerves is ob&s;tructed: al&s;o in &s;toppages of the No&s;trils, in intermitting Fevers or Agues, in &s;traitne&s;s of breath, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And in this ca&s;e Purgers al&s;o are ex|cellent, &s;eeing all of them have a &s;aline melting Spur in them.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Aperients are indicated 4. by <HI>&s;omewhat acid, acri|monious, au&s;tere, &s;owr, pontick,</HI> when namely, the Blood is fixed as it were by a preternatural acid, when the juices are con&s;tringed by au&s;tere particles, &s;o that the Blood circulates not orderly, nor its vola|tile Parts meet and part freely. And in this ca&s;e they are commonly called ab&s;orbing, &s;aturating and precipitating Medicines. Whence al&s;o appears their very large u&s;e; as for in&s;tance, in vertigi|nous Di&s;tempers of the Head, in the Epilep&s;ie, A|poplexy, Pal&s;ie, opening and ab&s;orbing Cephalick Cinnabarines are good, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that make the Blood fluxil, and for this very vertue are very comprehen&s;ive; they are al&s;o profitable in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Joynts, Hip, Womb: al&s;o volatil Salts, both alone, and al&s;o when made more oily: So in Di|&s;ea&s;es of the Liver and Spleen, yellow and black Jaundice, <HI>Scirrhus,</HI> Drop&s;ie, ill habit, and e&s;pecially in the Hypochondriacal affection and Scurvy, the &s;ame Medicines do the bu&s;ine&s;s. For if it be a&s;ked, <HI>How Medicines</HI> of Steel <HI>act,</HI> and open? 'tis very well an&s;wer'd, By ab&s;orbing, ju&s;t as Spirit of Vitriol, Nitre, Salt, or <HI>aqua fortis</HI> it &s;elf being poured on Steel have their acid particles infringed, are &s;aturated, grow &s;weet and turn to Vitriol: for thus it is in the Body; whence Corals al&s;o are commended by <HI>Glauber</HI> as an excellent Medicine in the Hypochon|driacal affection, taken to a &s;cruple or half a drachm; Thus the &s;ame are good not only in the&s;e affections, but al&s;o in the Nephritick.</P>
<P N="12">XII. And the&s;e very Aperients con&s;ider'd gene|rally act two wayes, 1. <HI>by altering,</HI> &s;o that they cor|rect the offending matter it &s;elf, and re-e&s;tabli&s;h the ducts, pa&s;&s;ages and ve&s;&s;els; 2. by <HI>evacuating,</HI> in which regard Purgers al&s;o them&s;elves are excel|lent Aperients, for they al&s;o are indued with &s;ub|tilty or thinne&s;s. Hence is the practical rule, <HI>In ob&s;tructions of the</HI> vi&s;cera <HI>we mu&s;t not only open, or not in&s;i&s;t upon Aperients only, but mu&s;t al&s;o evacuate,</HI> that that which is opened may be evacuated. And in chronical Di&s;tempers the&s;e are to be u&s;ed by turns, fir&s;t we mu&s;t open, then Purge, and then again continue Aperients: And this al&s;o is to be ob&s;erved, that Aperients being added to Purgers encrea&s;e their vertue.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Now Aperients them&s;elves are of divers kinds; and as <HI>Montanus</HI> and experience te&s;tifie, in general, mo&s;t of them exceed not the &s;econd de|gree of heat, and they ought withal to be endued with a thick, &s;trengthening, earthy &s;ub&s;tance, that their heat be not &s;o &s;oon di&s;&s;ipated.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. In Aperients the active principles are pre|dominant, e&s;pecially a fixed Salt and the Mecuri|al principles; and aeral parts are mixt with the earthy; and they are (for in&s;tance) 1. <HI>Acrimonious,</HI> either with an aromatick energy, or with the ver|tue of a volatile Salt, as the five opening roots, the roots of Burnet, Aron, Anti&s;corbutick plants, Mu&s;t|ard, the Arabian <HI>co&s;tus,</HI> &amp;c. 2. <HI>Aromatick</HI> and ole|ous volatils, as Menth, Penyroyal, Cinamon, cubebs, <HI>co&s;tus;</HI> Mace, carminative Oils, volatil Salts, oleous, Anti&s;corbutick Spirits. 3. <HI>Bitter,</HI> as the roots of Cicho|ry and Gentian, Worm-wood, Agrimony, German|der, Gum Ammoniack, Aloes, &amp;c. 4. <HI>Acid,</HI> as pick|led capers, the volatil Spirit of Salt, of Nitre, of Tartar, the <HI>Cly&s;&s;us</HI> of Antimony, which penetrate notably; the juice of Citron, the Cream and Cry|&s;tal of Tartar, mineral waters call'd <HI>acidulae.</HI> 5. <HI>Wa|tery,</HI> which dilute, temper and yield a vehicle, Whey, di&s;tilled waters. 6. <HI>Ab&s;orbing,</HI> fixed and lixi|vial, as the Salts of plants, the Tincture of Tar|tar, which clean&s;e notably, and purge the filth out of the veins: Al&s;o <HI>earthy,</HI> whether <HI>alkaline,</HI> as Ceterach, Liver-wort, Crabs-eyes, Corals, Tartar vitriolate; or <HI>vitriolate,</HI> as vitriol, <HI>vitriolum Martis, crocus Martis</HI> aperitive, the filings of Steel in &s;ub&s;tance; tin|ctures of <HI>Mars.</HI> In <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hort the mo&s;t &s;elect Remedies of them are comprehended under a quaternary number, and are either <HI>Martial, Tartareous, Vitriolate</HI> or <HI>Antimoniate.</HI></P>
<P N="15"><PB N="694" REF="311">XV. So al&s;o all <HI>Diureticks</HI> are aperient, which are chiefly profitable when there is ob&s;truction in the upper part of the Liver, and when the malady is throughly wedded to the Blood.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Now Aperients and Re&s;olvents are more proper after <HI>&V;niver&s;als,</HI> for otherwi&s;e the Humours are rather fixed and driven further in, than the coats of the pa&s;&s;ages and ve&s;&s;els freed: hence both purgers are convenient and al&s;o Blood-letting, which is often very profitable in a great ob&s;tructi|on, if there be pre&s;ent al&s;o a fault in the Blood.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t only and continually on Aperients &s;ingly, e&s;pecially volatil, but &s;trength|ners are to be intermixed, otherwi&s;e the tone of the parts will be violated, and the Body will be precipitated to a bad habit: hence the hypochon|driacal often u&s;e them in vain, if they neglect to|nicks withal; and tho&s;e mi&s;take far more that by u&s;ing volatil Spirits continually, &s;trive to overcome ob&s;tructions by them only.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. There are to be mixt with Aperients &s;uch Medicines al&s;o as re&s;pect the part affected, that the native heat of the parts may be pre&s;erved; &s;o Cephalicks are to be u&s;ed for the head, &amp;c. Thus as by the ob&s;truction of the Kidneys a &s;tone is bred, &s;o Aperients are good for it, but &s;uch as di&s;&s;olve the <HI>coagulum</HI> withal.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Let them be given on an empty Stomach, not with meat, nor pre&s;ently after: for in general, aliments are not to be confounded with Medi|cines; and in particular, Aperitives, becau&s;e they precipitate the chyme into the lacteal ve&s;&s;els and &s;o increa&s;e the ab&s;tructions.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Before all things we mu&s;t &s;ee that they dry not too much, whence moi&s;tening or liquid Aperi|ents dilute and temper more, and are greatly to be ob&s;erved in di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver, Womb, and Spleen. I have often ob&s;erved the contumaciou&s;ly Hypochondriacal, when they had been in vain long vexed with the &s;tronger and drier Aperients, to become very well upon the u&s;e of moi&s;tening ones; whence Galenical Medicines are fitly mixed with Chymical: and hence Mineral Waters have their vertue, that they carry the di&s;&s;olved Salts along with them. But Pills are fitter where the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> do more abound with excrementitious Humours. To repeat the&s;e things &s;ummarily: <HI>Aqueous</HI> and <HI>li|quid Medicines dilute</HI> and temper more; <HI>earthy</HI> ab&s;orb more; <HI>&s;aline</HI> drive more by Urine; <HI>acid</HI> incide more;<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. f. 43.</NOTE> <HI>acrimonious</HI> attenuate and re&s;olve more; <HI>&s;weet</HI> clean&s;e more; <HI>bitter</HI> do more &s;trengthen with|all.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. In all <HI>chalybeate Medicines</HI> this is alwayes to be ob&s;erved, that after the taking of them the Bo|dy is to be exerci&s;ed with walking about, that by this means the vertues of the Medicine may be better deduced into act: And that walking is to be continued for two hours: which being over, let the Patient take &s;ome broth wherein &s;ome opening Herbs and Roots have been boiled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Pract. lib. 11. cap 4.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Aphrodi&s;iacks,</HI> or Increa&s;ers of Seed.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Aphrodi&s;iacks do either encrea&s;e Seed &s;ub&s;tantially: <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they &s;timulate (<HI>Opium</HI> is an Aphrodi&s;iack) either inward|ly, <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or outwardly. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines that rai&s;e <HI>flatus</HI> provoke not Venery. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be provoked in old Men. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Comforting and gently &s;timulating things are to be mixed with Aphrodi&s;iacks. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They take away al&s;o impotency cau&s;ed by Witchery. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. APhrodi&s;iacks are either 1. <HI>&s;trengthners</HI> or in|crea&s;ers of Seed <HI>&s;ub&s;tantially,</HI> Spirituous re|&s;toratives and helpers of the native heat, aliments of good juice, of ea&s;ie dige&s;tion, and of much nou|ri&s;hment. Of Medicines &s;ome may be referred hither that re&s;pect the &s;lippery and frothy charac|ter of the Seed, as the root of Satyrion and other bulbous roots, Artichokes, Ambergrie&s;e; <HI>Valleriola</HI> commends Cocks &s;tones. And the&s;e take place more in old Men, or in &s;uch as have weak and few Spirits, as in tho&s;e that are recovering from Sick|ne&s;s: for as there concur to a fruitful coition both a &s;pirituous, con&s;i&s;tent, plentiful and as it were tur|gent &s;eed, and al&s;o a vigour of the Genitals; &s;o the Medicines already &s;poken of do chiefly &s;atisfie the former requi&s;ite.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. <HI>Stimulating,</HI> (1.) <HI>Inwardly,</HI> &s;uch as by their heat and chiefly by their acrimonious oleous Salt make the Seed more turgid, &s;pirituous and acrimonious, &s;o that it cau&s;es the greater titiliation and <HI>impetus,</HI> and on this account requires an exit; and &s;uch al&s;o as &s;trengthen the Mu&s;culous Parts and &s;erve erection. Such are [1] all <HI>aromata</HI> or &s;pi|ces, and <HI>Bal&s;amick, Sulphareous</HI> and aromatick things that are of the &s;ame nature with the&s;e, Cardamoms, Cinnamon, Saffron, Cloves, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in particular all Pepper, hence <HI>Solenander (&s;ect.</HI> 4. <HI>con&s;.</HI> 7.) gives half a drachm of Pepper with three ounces of Milk and half an ounce of Sugar. Yea <HI>Opiats</HI> them&s;elves are to be referred hither, whether alone or made up into Pills with Musk and Ambergrie&s;e; for it is certain by experience that <HI>Opium</HI> is a mo&s;t approved Aphrodi&s;iack, and perhaps can do more than any other, and it is &s;o much the more to be commen|ded, in that it both &s;trengthens and &s;timulates and hinders the di&s;&s;olution of the Spirits. [2] <HI>Oleous</HI> and <HI>Spirituous</HI> things; for what&s;oever things intend the natural heat or the volatil and Sulphureous Parts of the Blood, the &s;ame do al&s;o excite Vene|ry, or at lea&s;t do contribute &s;omething towards it, whence <HI>aqua magnanimitatis</HI> comes into this number: <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> &s;atyriated, <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> of <HI>Matthiolus,</HI> oyl of Cinnamon, preparations with Ambergrie&s;e, Musk and Civet, <HI>confectio Alkermes</HI> complete, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> operate this way. [3] Other <HI>&s;aline</HI> and <HI>acrimonius</HI> things that are not aromatical; for as <HI>Venus</HI> is &s;aid to be born of the Salt Sea, &s;o &s;aline things do al&s;o notably &s;ti|mulate: <HI>Mercurialis con&s;.</HI> 48. <HI>l.</HI> 1. commends <HI>Borax.</HI> Likewi&s;e &s;uch things as are indued with a very biting Salt, that may be melted into the genital Parts, &s;timulate &s;trongly: whence <HI>Cantharides</HI> are the &s;tronge&s;t among&s;t the&s;e &s;timulaters: &s;o Purgers them&s;elves become aphrodi&s;ia&s;tick upon the account of this very <HI>&s;timulus:</HI> (See <HI>Platerus lib. Ob&s;ervat.</HI>) for by the acrimony of the Medicine the &s;eminal ve&s;|&s;els may be ea&s;ily irritated through their vicinity. Or [4] things of a <HI>middle</HI> nature, for hither be|long &s;uch as have not &s;o plain an acrimony, and may be referred partly to the alimentary cla&s;s and partly to the Medicamentous; for example, <HI>boletus cervinus,</HI> (which we have ob&s;erved to be more dull) an Harts pizzle, the fle&s;h of the Sea-skink: The Indian Chocolad de&s;erves chiefly to be remembred, which both increa&s;es Seed and adds a <HI>&s;timulus.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. (2) <HI>Outwardly,</HI> &s;uch as &s;trengthen, heat and &s;timulate: for example, the expre&s;s'd oil of Nut|meg, and the di&s;tilled oil of Mace, Cloves, &amp;c. <HI>Min&s;ichtus</HI>'s oil of pi&s;mires, <HI>Cantharides</HI> being warily added. Some anoint the yard with Civet; <HI>Solenan|der</HI> u&s;ed to anoint it with Goats gall, with good &s;ucce&s;s, and &s;o did <HI>Schenkius.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. It is commonly reported of Aphrodi&s;iacks, that <HI>Flatus</HI> or wind is nece&s;&s;ary to Venery: but though in Boys erection or di&s;ten&s;ion of the <HI>Penis</HI> may &s;eem from <HI>Flatus,</HI> and the&s;e may concur by ac|cident, yet they cannot nor ought not to be reck|oned among Aphrodi&s;iacks; tho&s;e things indeed that excite the Spirits &s;tir up Venery, and &s;o make
<PB N="695" REF="311"> the Seed turgid, but &s;o do not tho&s;e things that breed or excite wind.</P>
<P N="5">V. Venery is not &s;o much to be ex&s;timulated in old men by peppered and acrimonious things, as the vital vertue to be &s;upported by things that recruit the Body it &s;elf; for you &s;hall in vain ex&s;timu|late that Seed which is not there: moreover in old men ex&s;timulating Aphrodi&s;iacks do often loo|&s;en the Belly, through the con&s;ent that is betwixt the Seed-Bladders and the inte&s;tins; &s;o that unfor|tunate old-men-lovers do often upon the taking of &s;uch confortatives, with a ridiculous effect filthily beray both their bride and the bed.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Things that &s;trengthen and gently &s;timulate are fitly mixed with aphrodi&s;iacks; namely &s;o as that the Body be well pamper'd with good chear, and &s;uch Medicines be made u&s;e of as comfort the vital faculty, and yet have a gentle <HI>Stimulus</HI> with|al: whence belongs hither <HI>Electuar. dia&s;atyrion:</HI> but we find two Remedies chiefly approved, the one more mild and re&s;torative, <HI>viz.</HI> Chocolad; the o|ther &s;tronger, <HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>rotulae confortantes</HI> of <HI>Min&s;icht:</HI> We have ob&s;erved that confortatives alone with|out &s;timulaters, or the&s;e without tho&s;e have not had the de&s;ired effect. But when we &s;peak of &s;ti|mulaters, we mean tho&s;e that are gentle; for tho&s;e that improvidently u&s;e <HI>Cantharides,</HI> are often affected with a &s;trangury and an un&s;peakable heat of Urine, and a Bloody Urine, the Remedy and antidote whereof is milk and cooling emul&s;ions.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Aphrodi&s;iacks take away al&s;o that impoten|cy that is cau&s;ed by Witchery: In this ca&s;e indeed there may be exhibited &s;uch things as u&s;e other|wi&s;e to be commended again&s;t incantations, e&s;pe|cially the e&s;&s;ence of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort taken with the e&s;&s;ence of Satyrion a little before the Twilight; al&s;o other things, as many have been re&s;tored by pi&s;&s;ing upon new Brooms, or through their wed|ding ring; the &s;havings of Goats-horn are good, and al&s;o the decoction of Columbines, according to <HI>Hartman,</HI> to wa&s;h the genitals withal. So we have ob&s;erved it likewi&s;e to be taken away by pi&s;&s;ing through the hole in a plank that has been made by beating out a knot in the Wood. But I my &s;elf have re&s;tored &s;ome bewitched and tied up in this manner by Aphrodi&s;iacks alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 220.</NOTE> particular|ly by the &s;timulating <HI>rotulae</HI> of <HI>Min&s;icht,</HI> and Choco|lad already commended.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Arteriotomy,</HI> or opening of an Artery.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It may be &s;afely done. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it may be &s;ecurely done. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Arteries may be opened. <HI>III. IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it may be done even to &s;wooning. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is to be done where there is a Bone under the Artery. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Before an Artery be opened in the Head, we mu&s;t &s;ee whether the fluxion be not by the &s;ubcutaneous ve&s;&s;els. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be more effectual than opening of a Vein. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If an Artery be cut with an hot Iron, let the falling of the E&s;char be retarded. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ALthough this kind of Remedy is almo&s;t ob|&s;olete in the&s;e times of ours, yet it is a very powerful and profitable one, and void of all danger: for only by ligature the efflux of the Ar|terial Blood is hindred in the le&s;&s;er Arteries; nor is the Pla&s;ter propo&s;ed by <HI>Galen</HI> nece&s;&s;ary, <HI>viz.</HI> of bole Armene, Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;tich and hares wool made up with the white of an Egg, which yet tho&s;e may make u&s;e of for the greater &s;afety, that are fearfull of this opening. The Temporal Artery is opened as in Phlebotomy, and &s;ix ounces of Blood may be taken that &s;purt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> out with violence: after which lay on pre&s;ently your plagets, and let them remain tyed on for four days. By the u&s;e of this we have cured the fierce&s;t <HI>hemicrania</HI> or Head-ach, and never found any danger in this opening of Ar|teries. &para; <HI>In vain,</HI> &s;ayes <HI>Paraeus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Laza<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. River&punc; Pract. lib. 1 cap. 16.</NOTE> <HI>has arteriotomie been &s;u&s;pected, as if there were danger that the Blood could not be &s;topt, or the orifice heated up again, becau&s;e of the hardne&s;s of the Artery and the continualne&s;s of the pul&s;e, and for fear of an aneuri&s;m: but this is the opinion of men that fear all things &s;afe.</HI> For we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h between the larger Arteries, which are to be &s;hunn'd by the Phy&s;ician for the afore&s;aid dangers; and the &s;mal|ler, in the cutting whereof there is no fear of dan|ger. Yea of a larger Artery <HI>Galen (lib. de &s;. m. cap.</HI> 23) &s;ayes, <HI>that if it be quite cut through, it may be clo&s;ed with a cicatrix without an</HI> aneuri&s;ma; <HI>and that doing &s;o has often taken away the danger imminent from a flux of Blood: for it is clear that when it is wholly cut a&s;under both ends be|ing pull'd back on each &s;ide, one retires upwards and the other downwards: and this happens indeed to the veins al&s;o, but mo|derately; but to the Arteries more than to the Veins.</HI> And of the difficulty of the coalition he &s;aith thus in the &s;ame place: <HI>The Nature of an Artery does indeed plainly &s;hew the difficulty of its hard coat's conglutination, yet the dif|ficulty is not &s;uch as is altogether invincible: for it is not &s;o dry and hard as a bone or gri&s;tle, yea it is far &s;ofter and more carnous than the&s;e: and therefore there is le&s;s rea&s;on to de&s;pair of uniting it after it is cut, e&s;pecially where it &s;elf is &s;mall, and the Body of the man who&s;e it is, &s;oft by nature.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The manner of Arteriotomy deliver'd by the Ancients is &s;o &s;evere and dangerous, that there is none of the Moderns but is di&s;plea&s;ed with it: yea it had been wholly ca&s;t out of the number of Remedies, if the pity and diligence of latter Phy&s;i|cians had not invented other wayes. Surgeons were wont to tye a &s;tring about the Neck; but &s;eeing the &s;traiter binding thereof is very trouble|&s;ome, it is better to make this ligature under the Arm-holes: Let this be &s;o &s;trait that the jugular Veins and Carotid Arteries may manife&s;t them|&s;elves, the one by its &s;welling, and the other by its beating: then pre&s;s the arterie with your fin|ger, a little lower down than you intend to open it; and having open'd it (which mu&s;t be done with a &s;low but &s;teady and &s;trong hand) let it bleed as much as you de&s;ire: When the operation is over, &s;prinkle an ad&s;tringent powder upon the wound, then lay a folded linnen cloth upon it, and upon that a plate of Lead;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette Anat. Pract. c. 10.</NOTE> tye both the&s;e on with a fit &s;tay, and it will be healed up in five or &s;ix dayes.</P>
<P N="3">III. What Arteries may be cut? The fir&s;t is the <HI>Frontal,</HI> that runs along the middle of the fore-head, and is commonly divided into two above, but in the middle has one &s;ingle notable trunk: this is frequently cut by the Aegyptians in an invete|rate Head-ach. The &s;econd is the <HI>Occipital</HI> or the Artery of the <HI>puppis,</HI> oppo&s;ite to the former, by the Lambdoidal &s;uture, and is opened in the &s;ame di|&s;tempers with the former. Thirdly, the <HI>Temporal</HI> Arteries are very &s;afely cut in mo&s;t di&s;ea&s;es of the Head: By my advice an implacable pain in the left &s;ide of the head was taken away by cutting of the&s;e. Fourthly, <HI>Galen</HI> mentions the opening of the <HI>Arteries behind the Ears (lib. de cur. rat. per &s;. m. c.</HI> 22.) and <HI>Paulus lib.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 4. commends it in the ver|tiginous and &s;uch as have a fluxion upon their eyes. <HI>But,</HI> &s;ayes <HI>Galen,</HI> 3. <HI>de loc. aff.</HI> c. 8. <HI>it is manife&s;t that all have not been cured by the benefit of this Remedy; for &s;ome Arteries that are larger than the&s;e a&s;cend to the Brain from its ba&s;is through the plexus retiformis, by which 'tis probable &s;uch di&s;temper has been cau&s;ed, a vaporous and hot Spirit being car|ried through them and filling the Brain: And it may be al&s;o that an unequal intemperies of the Brain may produce &s;uch a Spirit.</HI> Fifthly, the opening of that Artery that runs <HI>betwixt the thumb and fore-finger,</HI> (that is famous for <HI>Galen's</HI> prai&s;es) is good in the pain of the hypochon|dres,
<PB N="696" REF="312"> there where the Liver is joyned to the dia|phragm. <HI>Septalius (lib.</HI> 6. <HI>animadv.</HI> 171. and 172) calls it a mo&s;t whol&s;om help in palpitation of the heart. <HI>Alpinus (lib. de medic. Aegyptior.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 12.) te&s;tifies that the Aegyptians cured all the pains of the internal <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> by opening this Artery. Sixth|ly, the cutting of the Artery that is near the <HI>Ank|le,</HI> is believed to help in the <HI>Sciatica.</HI> None dare on purpo&s;e cut an Artery near the Cubit: for al|though an Artery cut by chance by a Surgeon that &s;hould have open'd a Vein, was healed up again by<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Gal. 5. Meth. Med. cap. 7.</NOTE> <HI>Galen's</HI> advice, yet the &s;ame Phy&s;ician (<HI>lib. de cur. rat. per &s;. m. cap.</HI> 23.) judges &s;uch apertion to be dangerous for fear of a gangrene or an <HI>Aneuri&s;|ma.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rol&s;inc. Met. Med. lib. 4. &s;ect. 3. c. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Whether may we Bleed by an Artery even to &s;wooning? We have <HI>A&euml;tius</HI> an a&s;&s;erter of the affir|mative (<HI>Tetrabib.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;erm.</HI> 3. <HI>cap.</HI> 9. <HI>de arter. &s;ect.) We mu&s;t cut the Artery</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>not a&s;lant but a cro&s;s, even to the bone, and mo&s;t exactly &s;crape the Membrane that cloaths the Skull, and let it bleed even to &s;wooning; in &s;uch namely as are robu&s;t and in whom the pain is vehement; for thus you &s;hall de&s;troy the Symptome,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Galen</HI> favours it al&s;o <HI>(l. de. cur. rat. per &s;.m. cap. ult.)</HI> where he relates how upon the cutting of the Artery betwixt the thumb and fore-finger, the Blood i&s;&s;ued out &s;o abundant|ly, that it came to near a pound, which evacuation was followed by a &s;udden cea&s;ing of the pain, by the letting out the very hot, thin and vaporous Arterial Blood. You will <HI>object,</HI> though many be|nefits follow the Bleeding by a vein even to &s;woon|ing, we mu&s;t not &s;ay that the &s;ame follow upon Arteriotomy; for the Arterial Blood that is very Spirituous and the fountain of heat, being drawn in a great quantity, without doubt there mu&s;t great weakne&s;s follow: add to this that life will &s;ooner fail, than any profit en&s;ue from &s;uch evacu|ation. <HI>I an&s;wer:</HI> It is not nece&s;&s;ary to an Arterio|tomy that induces a <HI>deliquium,</HI> that much Blood be e|vacuated: for &s;eeing it is Arterial, Spirituous, mo&s;t hot and thin, if it pa&s;s out but even in a &s;mall quantity, it induces a fainting, which <HI>A&euml;tius</HI> pre&s;up|po&s;es as the limit of this evacuation: Life there|fore will not fail before this evacuation happen. Nor do we deny that a too great evacuation does di&s;&s;olve nature; but it is certain that the facul|ties are not &s;o much debilitated in cutting &s;mall Arteries, in which there is not contained &s;o ela|borate and Spirituous a Blood: and though it were &s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. 11. Meth. 11. Zac. Med. Princ. l. 1. Hi&s;t. 43.</NOTE> yet the Remedy is not to be condemned: for there is nothing which profits &s;o greatly, that does not hurt in &s;ome regard.</P>
<P N="5">V. Let Arteries be cut in the forehead, temples, <HI>occiput,</HI> hand, foot: other-where not, unle&s;s they have a bone lie under them, that they may be &s;traitly pre&s;t for con&s;olidation. And therefore in a lean Body an Artery being by chance cut in the Arm may be clo&s;ed up again, if it be bound up betimes and with a &s;trait bondage as it ought, for the avoiding of an <HI>aneuri&s;ma.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riol. Enchir. Anat. l. 5. c. 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Before we think of opening Arteries in the head for averting of fluxions, the experiment of <HI>Al. Benedictus</HI> will not be unprofitable, to apply to the &s;haved head tho&s;e Medicines that re&s;train the <HI>impetus</HI> or deflux of the Humours, from the Eye|brows even to the crown: if hereupon the eyes begin to be dry, it appears that the eyes are watered by tho&s;e Veins that lie under the Skin; but if they continue wet, it is manife&s;t that the Hu|mour flows to them under or within the bone. The mixture that we &s;peak of for &s;u&s;pending the Rheum is &s;uch as this, Make a catapla&s;m of fine flowr and the du&s;t of Frankincenfe with the white of an Egg,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ibid.</NOTE> adding copro&s;e and Stone alume.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Arteriotomy, that was highly e&s;teemed of by the Ancients, &s;ome of the Moderns practi&s;e, and mightily cry up its u&s;e: But, as far as has ap|peared to my ob&s;ervation, &s;o famed a &s;ucce&s;s has often been wanting to that operation. Nor is this a wonder, becau&s;e that rea&s;on on which the Anci|ents relyed, blaming the <HI>Arterial</HI> Blood as more outragious than the <HI>venal</HI> (and &s;uppo&s;ing it diffe|rent from it) and therefore advi&s;ing the letting of it out, does not hold at all: Nor indeed is there any other rea&s;on, why Blood being let out of an Artery near the pained place, &s;hould rather give ea&s;e than if it were let out of a Vein; nay rather on the contrary we may expect greater help from the opening of a Vein, becau&s;e an Artery being emptied draws nothing from the part affected; whereas a Vein being opened draws Blood from all the neighbourhood in&s;tead of that which is let out, and often re&s;orbs and returns to the circula|tion Blood and other Humours collected near the ne&s;t of the di&s;ea&s;e. However that we may not depart too much from the Practice of the Ancients, atrtibuting nothing to Arteriotomy, we grant that it may perhaps &s;ometimes help, although not imme|diately and cau&s;ally, but only con&s;equentially and by accident; in as much, namely, as the ends of the Artery cut in two do coale&s;ce, &s;o that there is no pa&s;&s;age for the Blood any longer that way; for hence, &s;eeing a &s;omewhat le&s;s quantity of Blood is conveyed to the part by the Arteries, and yet an equal portion is &s;till carried back by the veins, it therefore &s;ometimes happens that the fuel of the morbifick matter is dimini&s;hed, and its <HI>minera</HI> con|&s;umed by degrees: and for this rea&s;on this admini|&s;tration does often happily &s;ucceed in inflammati|ons of the eyes. Moreover a practice not unlike this is u&s;ed by Farriers for the curing of ma|lignant Tumours in Hor&s;es-legs; namely they take hold of and bind the Artery whereby the matter flows to the part affected; in the mean time that which had already flow'd in is partly evapourated and partly re&s;orbed by the Veins. I have heard al&s;o that almo&s;t the &s;ame method was tryed by our <HI>Harvey</HI> not without &s;ucce&s;s for curing &s;trumous and Scirrhous tumours in man's Body al&s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. It is better to divide the Arteries with a red hot iron, for there is danger otherwi&s;e that the Bleeding cannot be &s;topt. Nor mu&s;t we omit to mention that in this ca&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> in the burning of an Artery, Surgeons may not u&s;e tho&s;e things that forthwith remove the E&s;char (as in other burnings) till the holes of the Arteries be wholly clo&s;ed up: for by Butter and other things that are u&s;ed for this purpo&s;e the E&s;char ea&s;ily falls off before the clo&s;ing up of the Arteries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de ind. Med. cap. 4.</NOTE> and the Blood inevitably i&s;&s;ues forth: we mu&s;t take heed of this therefore as of a greater evil.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Arthriticks,</HI> or Medicines for the Gout. (<HI>See</HI> Arthritis, <HI>Book I.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the <HI>Serum, I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Nerves, <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Pain, <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Tone of the Joints is to be pre&s;erved. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t at the &s;ame time provide for both the Joints and <HI>Vi&s;cera. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Malady is often exa&s;perated by Topicks. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Agrippa</HI>'s Remedy, of bathing the pained Parts in &s;harp Vinegar, be to be imitated. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Empla&s;ticks help. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THo&s;e Medicines are generally called here <HI>Ar|thritick,</HI> which are good both for the Gout
<PB N="697" REF="312"> and other Di&s;tempers of the Joints. Now &s;eeing the Stone, Gout and Hypochondriacal affection are bred out of the &s;ame Egg as it were, and follow one another, it will be ea&s;ie to di&s;cover the Nature of Arthriticks; for &s;o both Nephriticks are Arthri|ticks, and Hypochondriacks are &s;o al&s;o: The Hy|pochondres afford matter, the Kidneys coagulate it, the Joints receive it; whence the manner of their acting appears. <HI>Athriticks</HI> namely re&s;pect, either 1. The <HI>Serum,</HI> which is to be &s;uppo&s;ed much de|praved in the Gout and Di&s;tempers akin to it. Such are (1) <HI>&V;niver&s;al evacuators</HI> and <HI>diverters</HI> of it by Stool, Urine and the habit of the Body, with|out which we cannot &s;ucce&s;sfully cure: Diaphore|ticks are chiefly u&s;eful to the Arthritical, and are as it were their only helpers: (2) <HI>Particular Altera|tives,</HI> as in re&s;pect of its <HI>quantity,</HI> &s;uch as lightly <HI>con|&s;ume</HI> and <HI>dry it up,</HI> and &s;o divert Defluxions; &s;o China, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is commended; al&s;o in re&s;pect of its <HI>quality,</HI> either &s;uch as <HI>temper</HI> and <HI>dilute,</HI> (as watery and &s;ub|&s;tantially moi&s;tening Medicines,) or &s;uch as <HI>invert, ab&s;orb</HI> and <HI>precipitate</HI> its &s;altne&s;s and acrimony. Name|ly all <HI>Aperients</HI> that re&s;pect the <HI>depuration</HI> of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> their <HI>Chylification</HI> and <HI>Tone,</HI> e&s;pecially <HI>Steel</HI> Remedies and al&s;o <HI>Anti&s;corbuticks</HI> them&s;elves, are profitable to the Arthritical; becau&s;e the&s;e take away the ante|cedent and feeding Cau&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> the acrimonious Salts, and procure the breeding of a Bal&s;amick and &s;weet <HI>&s;erum:</HI> Unle&s;s this be ob&s;erved, it is in vain to think of curing the Arthritical, for herein does both their Pre&s;ervation and Cure con&s;i&s;t. Now the&s;e very Remedies are good both in the <HI>Arthritis</HI> or Joint-gout, the <HI>Sciatica</HI> or Hip-gout, the Feet-gout, the Hand-gout, and in catarrhal Defluxions and the like. (3) <HI>Re&s;olvents,</HI> &s;uch as render the <HI>&s;erum</HI> fluxile, the chief among which are Cinnabarines, that do greatly hinder coagulation, and both upon other occa&s;ions, and e&s;pecially in this ca&s;e make the <HI>&s;e|rum</HI> fluxile. But the&s;e, as al&s;o <HI>Mercurials</HI> out|wardly, are chiefly good in Pains of the Joints, and others that ari&s;e from the <HI>Lues Venerea,</HI> where <HI>Em|pla&s;t. de ranis</HI> with Mercury benefiteth.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. the <HI>Nerves,</HI> whither we refer the <HI>Mem|branes, Ligaments,</HI> and <HI>Fibres,</HI> which namely &s;uffer, are debilitated and irritated by the afflux of the offend|ing Humours; and &s;uch are the &s;ame as are reckoned under Cephalicks, and &s;o all Cephalicks are Ar|thriticks, becau&s;e the Nerves have their Origine in the Head. But the Medicines that are as it were properly owing to the Joints, and come under the title of Arthriticks, are (1.) tho&s;e which are en|dued with a <HI>Bal&s;amick, oily, &s;weet</HI> and <HI>ro&s;cid Sulphur,</HI> &s;o Germander, Ground-Pine, Ro&s;emary, Sage and Gumms; whence belong hither <HI>Galbanetum Paracel&s;i,</HI> Ca&s;tor, <HI>Euphorbium.</HI> Nor hinders it that all the&s;e are not indifferently agreeable to Arthriticks be|cau&s;e of their heat: for if you con&s;ider the afflux of Humours and the heat ari&s;ing thence, German|der and Ground-Pine are commonly only u&s;ed for them in the fir&s;t place e&s;pecially in the fit: but whereas the Ligaments and Nerves are cold, hence in other ca&s;es the joints do al&s;o &s;ometimes altoge|ther require &s;uch things: And the &s;ame, be&s;ides the Gout, are good al&s;o for the Pal&s;ie, Atrophie, <HI>Wounds of the Joynts</HI> and <HI>Nerves,</HI> and e&s;pecially for the &s;erous ichor of Ulcers, which practical Experience teacheth ought not nor cannot be &s;o well cured with A&s;tringents, as with &s;uch as &s;trengthen the Part, that its due nouri&s;hment may be actually commu|nicated to it. <HI>Contraction</HI> al&s;o and <HI>weakne&s;s of the Parts from Wounds, Fractures,</HI> &amp;c. yield to the&s;e Nervine Remedies: yea even Ulcers them&s;elves often can|not be healed, till the tone of the Part affected be re&s;tored by &s;uch like Nervine Medicines. (2.) Tho&s;e that are endued with a fixt Sulphur that is friendly to Nature; for what&s;oever Symptoms ari&s;e in ge|neral from &s;alt, acrimonious, acid <HI>Spicula,</HI> and are allayed by a &s;ulphureous vi&s;co&s;ity and a power of demulcing that is friendly to Nature, come into this number, e&s;pecially Cinnabarines, which do both &s;ingularly comfort and re&s;pect all the Pains of all the Nervous Parts, and chiefly the torments of the Joints, e&s;pecially if they be joyned with Opiats: The&s;e therefore are good for the Arthri|tical; both as they re&s;pect the <HI>Serum,</HI> and as they are indued with the &s;aid Sulphur. (3.) And &s;eeing <HI>volatil Salts are</HI> al&s;o <HI>indued with an oily Sulphur,</HI> the&s;e likewi&s;e may be fitly given inwardly upon that ac|count; and outwardly, both the&s;e and al&s;o &s;pirituous volatils do &s;ervice: hence Spirit of Hart&s;horn and of Sal Armoniack being duly u&s;ed, comfort the Joints: Thus <HI>Aqua magnanimitatis,</HI> or the Spirit of Pi&s;|mires is in this ca&s;e advi&s;edly u&s;ed outwardly: but Earth-worms do e&s;pecially belong hither, which have a &s;weet mucilage in their &s;ub&s;tance, interwo|ven with Saline volatil Parts; hence being given in &s;ub&s;tance in Potions, they demulce the Nervous Parts, and when applied outwardly they have al|mo&s;t always done their office; whence they are chiefly commended in the wandring Scorbutick Gout. Now the&s;e things are good in all Pains and Anxieties, but e&s;pecially in the Joint-gout, Feet-gout, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and the Maladies that ari&s;e there|from.</P>
<P N="3">III. Or 3. they re&s;pect the <HI>urgent Pain</HI> it &s;elf, that ari&s;es from the ten&s;ion and twitching of the Mem|branes: of which &s;ort are <HI>inwardly</HI> the foremen|tioned Emul&s;ions, al&s;o Cinnabarines and Anodynes, all which do good Service; e&s;pecially if at the &s;ame time provi&s;ion be made for the fountain of the evil it &s;elf by Medicines depurating the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and for the acrimony of the <HI>Serum</HI> by other Reme|dies: <HI>Outwardly</HI> al&s;o there are allayers of the Pain, among&s;t which, omitting all the re&s;t, we only name (1) <HI>Paregoricks;</HI> thus topicks of &s;weet Milk, fine Flower, Saffron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are commended, and other like fomentations; (2) Spirituous, Sulphureous, and Urinous <HI>Nervine</HI> Remedies&punc; for Nervines are the be&s;t of all topical Arthriticks; whence not on|ly the recited Nervine Vegetables have place in &s;ome ca&s;es, but al&s;o chiefly Preparations of Earth-worms and Pi&s;mires, &s;uch as are the before|mentioned Spirits, the volatil Spirit of Earth-worms, <HI>Aqua magnanimitatis,</HI> Spirit of Hart&s;horn, of Sal Ar|moniack, the Oil of Soap, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. But we would have it to be noted, that the tone of the Joints is to be pre&s;erved; whence too hot and dry internal Medicines, &s;uch as exhau&s;t the <HI>Serum</HI> too much, as they are to be avoided in the Stone, &s;o al&s;o in the Gout: There is namely a pro|portion of the <HI>Serum</HI> to be ob&s;erved, the thinner Parts of it are not to be exhau&s;ted, while the thicker are left; that is, not the &s;erous Parts, which are the vehicle indeed, but withal the bridle of the Bile, while the &s;aline acrimonious are left. Hence tho&s;e are much in the wrong that undertake to cure Arthritical Per&s;ons by &s;weating only, cau&s;ed by external Impellents, as by the heat of a Bath, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> without u&s;ing internal Specifick Im|pellents.</P>
<P N="5">V. But we mu&s;t not remedy the Joints alone, without taking care of the whole; nor the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> alone, neglecting the Joints: For &s;eeing the Joints receive and pay for the Vices of the whole, hence in vain (as the vulgar Opinion is) do we under|take the cure, unle&s;s the &s;aline acrimony be removed, or unle&s;s the fountain be &s;topped, as I may &s;ay: Whence all Topicks are often in vain, nor do they any of them give con&s;tant ea&s;e. Neverthele&s;s we mu&s;t &s;ee withal, that the Joints them&s;elves be not neglected, whether they be more hurt by external cold, or by Venery, Wine and other things.</P>
<P N="6">VI. As to Topicks, we mu&s;t note in general this Practical Axiom, That they often exa&s;perate the Pain and Di&s;ea&s;e; ina&s;much as they do not &s;o much demulce the impacted matter, nor &s;o much com|fort the afflicted <HI>Archeus,</HI> as make the torment of
<PB N="698" REF="313"> the Malady greater: &s;o that although the Symp|toms &s;eem &s;ometimes to abate, yet there en&s;ue more torturing Pains, or other Symptoms &s;pring from thence: Yea hence tho&s;e that profit at one time, hurt at another, and &s;o &s;ome may be u&s;ed for defence and &s;trengthening, but others better let alone.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Hence Repellents, or A&s;tringents, or aque|ous alone have no place in Pains of the Joints, for they weaken the Part the more, and are inimicous to the Nerves and Joints; which is to be under|&s;tood of acids them&s;elves al&s;o. Hence that which <HI>Pliny</HI> relates,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. 23. cap. 1.</NOTE> that <HI>M. Agrippa</HI> in a &s;harp Fit cured the intolerable pain of his Feet by putting them and his Legs into acid Vinegar, is not lightly to be imitated.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Unctuous and fat Empla&s;ticks indeed have place in &s;ome of the recited Di&s;ea&s;es of the Joints, as in the &s;erous ichor of Ulcers, in pain from the <HI>Lues Venerea,</HI> &amp;c. but are not &s;o good in Arthritical Pains. Hence we have learned by frequent Expe|rience that Ointments, Pla&s;ters and the like have done the Gouty more harm than good, yea that many by this means have made a fixed Gout of a running one, and &s;ome have generated <HI>tophi</HI> or gritty Stones in the Part.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. m.m. c. 3.</NOTE> Hence al&s;o <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf writes truly, that <HI>tophi</HI> are produced in the Gout from a glutinous and thick Humour, when the &s;ame is not dige&s;ted by little and little, but dried all together by violent Remedies: and <HI>Fer|nelius Con&s;.</HI> 12. ob&s;erves that the Pains are doubled thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolfg. Wedelius de Simpl. Med. Fac. <HI>p.</HI> 122.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Balnea,</HI> or Baths.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The different manner of Bathing according to the diver&s;ity of Di&s;tempers, <HI>&amp;c. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Body is to be dryed in going out of a Bath. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Head is to be dried more accurately than the re&s;t of the Body. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How &s;oon a man may eat after coming out of a Bath. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Di&s;ea&s;es Baths are good for. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What they are bad for. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their efficacy for an evacuation of the whole. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t not give over the u&s;e of them, till the Di|&s;ea&s;e quite cea&s;e. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How many hours we mu&s;t &s;tay in. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Great Di&s;ea&s;es &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ring from un&s;ea&s;onable Bathing. <HI>X. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Baths is hurtful: they are hurtful to the Arthri|tical. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what re&s;pect dry Baths are good. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be avoided when Epidemical Di&s;tempers rage. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not good where the <HI>Serum</HI> predominates. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When &s;aline Particles lurk within the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> Baths are hurtful. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The notable efficacy of Sulphureous Baths. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from them if there be great Ob&s;tructions in the Hypcchondres. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. BAths, as they are very profitable, u&s;ed aright; &s;o they are dangerous, if u&s;ed ami&s;s. For &s;ome are to be bathed more gently, others more &s;trongly. Tho&s;e who are bathed more gently are not wa&s;hed largely, and by pouring the water forcibly upon them, but more &s;paringly, and by touching them as it were only with the water: The&s;e indeed do nothing them&s;elves, (not &s;o much as talk) but tho&s;e that wait upon them are to do all; they are nei|ther rubbed, nor dried with a Scraper or Fle&s;h-bru&s;h, but only with Sponges or Towels; and they are led the neare&s;t way into the Bath (that they be not toiled) the entrance and exit where|of mu&s;t be ea&s;ie. Now tho&s;e are wa&s;hed thus that are much extenuated, as the Hectick; or labour of an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, as the Peripneumonick or Pleu|ritick; or are &s;ick of a Burning Fever: for none of the&s;e can take much pains. But &s;ome de&s;cend into the Baths &s;trong, labouring of no acute Di&s;ea&s;e, but for &s;ome Morbous <HI>apparatus,</HI> or Chronical Pa&s;|&s;ions: The&s;e are wa&s;ht longer, for the water is poured largely and violently upon them, and they both wa&s;h and rub them&s;elves with their own hands: whether the way to the Bath be long or &s;hort, whether the acce&s;s to it or exit from it be ea&s;ie or hard, no care is taken; and in the Bath they are rubbed (mo&s;t &s;trongly tho&s;e who are wa&s;hed for a Scab or Lepro&s;ie, or other fault of the skin) with &s;ome Wa&s;h-ball or other exter&s;ive Medi|cine, as Soap, or Bran, or Bean-flowr: which Medicines &s;uch as are more weak ought not to u&s;e, but only the wa&s;hing, and an anointing with Oil. But if together with drine&s;s of the Body, or an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, there happen &s;ome Di&s;temper of the Skin, or there be need of &s;ome deter&s;ion becau&s;e of the na&s;tine&s;s of the Skin through Cere-cloths or Pul|te&s;&s;es that any has u&s;ed before, let it be done mo|derately with a little Wa&s;h-ball,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. Com|ment. in lib. de Vict. Acut <HI>p.</HI> 137.</NOTE> or rather with the lather or froth thereof that ari&s;es therefrom being &s;tirred about in water.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Ancients were wont in Baths to u&s;e hard Scrapers made of Stone or &s;ome Metal, or of the harde&s;t-Woods to clean&s;e off the filth from the skin: But in tho&s;e whom we are afraid to &s;crub hard, and who ought to be u&s;ed more gently, we mu&s;t dry their Bodies only by wiping them with Sponges or Linnen cloths; nor mu&s;t we dry it very much with the&s;e neither, but anoint the Body before it be quite dry, <HI>viz.</HI> with common Oil, which they u&s;ed in the la&s;t part of the Bath, le&s;t their Bodies being newly rarefied by the Bath &s;hould be offended by the Air.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> p. 39.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. But though it make no matter whether or no the re&s;t of the Body be dried exactly, the Head mu&s;t be dried as much as po&s;&s;ible and be wiped with a Sponge; becau&s;e if any moi&s;ture be left in the Head, Catarrhs will be rai&s;ed thereby, which in all Di&s;ea&s;es of this nature are mo&s;t dangerous. On the &s;ame account heed mu&s;t be taken that the ex|treme Parts be not refrigerated, neither the Head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> nor the re&s;t of the Body.</P>
<P N="4">IV. According to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (in the forecited place) we mu&s;t neither u&s;e a Bath pre&s;ently after eating, nor eat pre&s;ently after bathing: becau&s;e whether we bathe pre&s;ently after eating, or eat before the motion of the Bath be cea&s;ed, the Meat will be di&s;tributed un&s;ea&s;onably, and will be badly con|cocted, the natural heat being called out toward the skin with the Blood. Nor mu&s;t we ab&s;tain on|ly from bathing the whole Body after eating, but al&s;o &s;ome particular part: for we mu&s;t not pre|&s;ently after Meal u&s;e an irrigation of the Head or Hypochondres, in the Di&s;ea&s;es wherein we u&s;e them, except in &s;ome rare Pa&s;&s;ions, as when we irrigate the Head for procuring Sleep; for then we wa&s;h when our Supper is not well down, name|ly that thereby we may cau&s;e that very thing which we are afraid of in other Sick Per&s;ons, namely fill the Head with vapours. In like manner we may give to tho&s;e that are much dried, (when they are newly come out of the Bath, nay whil&s;t they are in it) Milk, or &s;ome other moi&s;tening Liquor, that is ea&s;ily changed: for becau&s;e it is ea&s;ily chan|ged or concocted, it hurts not though it be ha&s;tily di&s;tributed, and being &s;oon and plentifully di&s;tribu|ted it wets the Body the more throughly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem,</HI> p. 140.</NOTE> and moi|&s;tens it the more.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the &s;ame place &s;hews in what Di|&s;tempers Bathing profiteth: <HI>It is more agreeable in Perip|neumonies than in burning Fevers; for it a&s;&s;wageth the Pain of the Side, Brea&s;t and Back: it maturates and brings forth the &s;pittle, and makes re&s;piration ea&s;ie, and wears off la&s;&s;itude; it al&s;o &s;upples the Joints and the Skin, and provokes &V;rine, and
<PB N="699" REF="313"> cures the heavine&s;s of the Head, and moi&s;tens the No&s;trils: So that Baths are good for all tho&s;e that have need of them; but if in their preparation any one thing, or more, be wanting, there is danger, they may do more harm than good: for every thing that is not duly prepared and ordered by the Attendants does great harm.</HI> He &s;ays they are more agreeable in the <HI>Peripneumony</HI> than in <HI>burning Fevers,</HI> becau&s;e &s;eeing they are hot and moi&s;t, they maturate and bring forth the &s;pittle, and &s;o take away the pain of the &s;ide, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> all which things are greatly nece&s;&s;ary for Peripneumonies: But why does he mention a pain in the Side as accompanying a Peripneumony? I &s;uppo&s;e he means by Peripneumonies here not only an Inflammation of the Lungs, but all Inflamma|tions within the <HI>thorax,</HI> becau&s;e of the common ac|cident of difficult re&s;piration, and therefore u&s;es a word of multitude, &s;aying, <HI>[in Peripneumonies.]</HI> But you will &s;ay, if tho&s;e may not u&s;e a Bath in whom there is a fulne&s;s of Humours, a great Cacochymie, or a great <HI>apparatus</HI> for Fluxions, or an internal In|flammation, how can it be proper for a Peripneu|mony, which is accompanied indeed by all the&s;e? It mu&s;t not indeed be u&s;ed before the fluxion be cea&s;ed, and the greate&s;t part of the &s;tore be eva|cuated by Bleeding and perhaps al&s;o by Purging, and the tumour begin to fall; for then the danger of Fluxion is over, and there is pre&s;ent a nece&s;&s;ity of concoction and coughing up. When therefore <HI>Galen</HI> denies the u&s;e of a Bath when there is an In+flammation in any inward Part, it is fit we &s;hould under&s;tand him, before the declination of the In|flammation: Now I here call that the declen&s;ion of the Inflammation, which is the declen&s;ion of the tumour it &s;elf: and with this interpretation bathing is more profitable for the <HI>Peripneumonick</HI> than for tho&s;e that are &s;ick of a <HI>burning Fever.</HI></P>
<P>Not but that it may be profitable for the&s;e too, if it be undertaken &s;ea&s;onably, as when the grea|te&s;t part of the Excrements is evacuated, and the Humours are ready for concoction; but only it is <HI>more</HI> beneficial to the Peripneumonick: For in them it concocts the remainders of the Humours in the Veins, tempers the heat, and will promote any evacuations that are; in the&s;e al&s;o it both maturates the &s;pittle, and brings it forth, and makes re&s;pira|tion ea&s;ie, and a&s;&s;wageth the Pains of the Brea&s;t, Back and Side.</P>
<P>Bathing al&s;o wears off <HI>La&s;&s;itudes,</HI> for it &s;upples the Joints, and loo&s;ens the Skin: wherefore whether a man be troubled with &s;pontaneous or non-&s;ponta|neous la&s;&s;itudes, he can u&s;e nothing better than a Bath, unle&s;s there be either &s;uch a fulne&s;s or bad|ne&s;s of Humours, that it is fitting to Bleed or Purge fir&s;t: As if a man come wearied from a long Journey, if he perceive a <HI>Plethora,</HI> he will do well to let Blood fir&s;t and Bathe afterwards; or if he have al&s;o collected &s;ome con&s;iderable quantity of Choler, before he go into the Bath let him take &s;omewhat that may work gently by Stool, as <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia fi&s;tularis,</HI> and after its operation let him bathe. But if he have neither of the&s;e, he will be refre&s;hed by bathing only. But if he perceive neither &s;o great a <HI>Plethora</HI> or Cacochymie, as may force him to u&s;e tho&s;e evacuations, nor yet &s;o little as that he dare enter into the Bath, in this he&s;itation let it &s;uffice to ab&s;tain from both, and to &s;eek Remedy only by an attemperating diet and re&s;t. Likewi&s;e he that is troubled with a &s;pontaneous la&s;&s;itude, and from thence fears a Di&s;ea&s;e, unle&s;s he perceive a <HI>Plethora</HI> or great Cacochymie, and be otherwi&s;e u&s;ed to bathing, he may pre&s;erve him&s;elf by ba|thing: otherwi&s;e he ought to u&s;e manife&s;t evacua|tions for prevention. Yet if a Per&s;on either &s;pon|taneou&s;ly or non-&s;pontaneou&s;ly wearied, enter a Bath, labouring either of a <HI>Plethora</HI> or great Caco|chymie, he will procure to him&s;elf &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es as he would not perhaps have otherwi&s;e faln into: if he be Plethorick, he may fall into Fluxions, and &s;o perhaps into dangerous Inflammations; if Ca|cochymical, into rigors and putrid Fevers. Whence it is that in a Phlegmonous la&s;&s;itude we mu&s;t never enter into a Bath without opening a Vein fir&s;t; in a ten&s;ive one, &s;ometimes we may; but in an ulcerous, generally; but then the Per&s;ons mu&s;t be &s;uch as abound not much with either of the afore&s;aid things, and have been al&s;o accu&s;tomed to bathing.</P>
<P><HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays moreover, <HI>[and it provokes &V;rine];</HI> which words may be taken either &s;eparately, or as if they contained a cau&s;e of what was &s;aid be|fore: for a Bath may provoke Urine, and do|ing &s;o, does wear off la&s;&s;itude: for as it is &s;aid <HI>Aphor.</HI> 74. <HI>Sect.</HI> 4. <HI>Much and thick &V;rine is wont to be made in Fevers which are accompanied with la&s;&s;itudes, and freeth the Patient from an ab&s;ce&s;s upon the Joints:</HI> By the &s;ame way it will cure la&s;&s;itudes, and make much toward the &s;uppling of the Joints. But a Bath provokes Urine as it loo&s;ens the ways and melts the Humours, and &s;o cau&s;es what&s;oever &s;tops, to pa&s;s out.</P>
<P>It cures al&s;o the <HI>heavine&s;s of the Head,</HI> and <HI>moi&s;tens the No&s;trils:</HI> But it is manife&s;t that the moi&s;tening of the No&s;trils is only needful in tho&s;e that are very dry; who&s;e Head if it ake, 'tis probable it will be cured by moi&s;tening the No&s;trils, for thereby the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e will be evacuated. Now the No&s;trils that were dry are moi&s;tened, when that is concocted which was crude, and that is melted which was concrete; when that which was dry is moi&s;ten'd, and that which was bound is loo&s;ened; but a Bath is fit to do all the&s;e. As therefore it cures the pain of the Brea&s;t by bringing out the Spittle, &s;o it takes away the pain of the Head by moi&s;tening the No&s;trils. All the&s;e good things does a Bath perform, but it is a dangerous Remedy if any of tho&s;e things be wanting that fit a man for it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. ibid. p. 141.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does in the &s;ame place number up tho&s;e whom the u&s;e of a Bath offends: <HI>It is un&s;ea|&s;onable for tho&s;e to bathe, who&s;e Belly is moi&s;ter than i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> convenient, and was not loo&s;ened before, as al&s;o for them who&s;e Faculties langui&s;h, or who are troubled with a</HI> Nau|&s;ea, <HI>or Belch &s;omewhat bilious; or for tho&s;e who Bleed at the No&s;e, unle&s;s they Bleed le&s;s than they &s;hould do (for you know the Sea&s;ons) for if they Bleed le&s;s, it is good to bathe either the whole Body, or the Head only, for this will help more than other things. Galen</HI> under&s;tands the rea&s;on, why it is un&s;ea&s;onable for tho&s;e to bathe <HI>who&s;e Belly is moi&s;ter</HI> than is convenient, to be becau&s;e the Excrements will be &s;natched into the habit of the Body, and the Stools &s;topped: But I think this is not the only rea&s;on (for on this account it would often behove tho&s;e to bathe that have a <HI>Diarrhaea,</HI> namely to &s;top it) but becau&s;e there is more of vicious Humours than can be revelled by the Bath toward the Skin, the Belly will be rather loo&s;ed by the melting of the Humours, and by loo&s;ening and moi&s;tening of the Inte&s;tines and the Ve&s;&s;els that belong to them: But if there remain &s;o little of Excrements that it may be drawn a&s;ide by the Bath, it is better to let alone the <HI>Diar|rh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a</HI> that is ready to cea&s;e of it &s;elf, than to vi|tiate the whole Body for a thing that is not at all nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P>But neither does he grant a Bath to tho&s;e who are <HI>too Co&s;tive:</HI> and adding, <HI>[and was not loo&s;ened be|fore]</HI> he &s;hews the Cau&s;e; namely &s;ome are co&s;tive after a great loo&s;ne&s;s, as men are generally after Purging Phy&s;ick, in which ca&s;e bathing is not pre|judicial: but if the Belly be bound, and no eva|cuation went before, it then contains a great deal of Excrement and Filth (and we &s;aid before that we mu&s;t not bathe when the Belly is full of Meat, how much le&s;s when it is full of Excrements?) and in &s;uch ca&s;e therefore one mu&s;t not bathe unle&s;s his Belly be fir&s;t loo&s;ned: namely, if upon any ac|count we be compelled to bring &s;uch to the Bath, we mu&s;t fir&s;t draw down the Excrements with
<PB N="700" REF="314"> a Cly&s;ter, as we are wont to do for letting of Blood.</P>
<P>Nor mu&s;t tho&s;e bathe <HI>who&s;e Faculties langui&s;h,</HI> name|ly this Remedy is a pretty &s;trong evacuator, and therefore it requires &s;trength to bear it. Now that the evacuation is great that is cau&s;ed by a Bath, is &s;hewn in the next Paragraph. Yet we will not on this account keep the <HI>Hectick</HI> from Baths, but ac|cording to their &s;trength we will bathe them more or le&s;s, gentlier or &s;tronglier, and &s;ome indeed not at all.</P>
<P>Neither tho&s;e who are troubled with a <HI>Nau&s;ea,</HI> or belch &s;omewhat that is bilious, the&s;e name|ly are the &s;igns of a great Cacochymie, which we have &s;hewed to be a &s;ufficient hindrance of ba|thing.</P>
<P>Nor <HI>tho&s;e who Bleed at the No&s;e,</HI> unle&s;s they bleed le&s;s than they &s;hould do; for if they bleed le&s;s, it is good to bathe, <HI>whether</HI> the whole Body re|ceive benefit from the flux of Blood more than by any other Remedy, as in tho&s;e that labour under a Plethory of the whole Body; <HI>or</HI> the Head only be profited, as in tho&s;e who have only a Plethory thereof. The cau&s;e whereof doubtle&s;s is, that a Bath promotes the flowing of the Blood, liquating of it and loo&s;ening the mouths of the Veins. But it is clear that this is meant of a Bath of hot or tepid water; for immer&s;ion into cold water &s;tops fluxes of Blood, which Women have learned by daily Experience, who therefore when their Terms flow, &s;hun cold water. We know al&s;o that by pouring on of cold water, or by dipping any Parts of the Body into it, bleeding at the No&s;e u&s;es to be &s;topt; and &s;o from whence&s;oever the Blood i&s;&s;ue, the u&s;ing of cold water profiteth, unle&s;s it flow out of &s;ome internal Part, and e&s;pecially if out of the <HI>Lungs,</HI> for then the Blood fleeing back toward the Heart, it may chance to abound more about the Lungs: But an hot Bath increa&s;es all evacuations of Blood, and therefore it is to be avoided, unle&s;s when an evacuation is &s;ea|&s;onable,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and the Blood proceeds not accordingly as is requi&s;ite.</P>
<P N="7">VII. There is no rea&s;on why a Phy&s;ician &s;hould &s;light that evacuation that is cau&s;ed by a Bath, as &s;mall and not worth mentioning; for from one long-continued lotion (in the water of a Bath) that was made with violent pourings on of the wa|ter, I have &s;een more filth, and tough and thick Phlegm (&s;uch as might not be &s;een only, but al&s;o drawn in length by the fingers or a piece of a &s;tick) drawn out this way, than is u&s;ed to be by the mo&s;t plentiful Blood-letting, not unlike to that which is wont to appear in the ba&s;on upon bleeding in the Foot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Whether mu&s;t we not forbear bathing till the Di&s;ea&s;e be wholly cured? I an&s;wer by di&s;tin|ction: If the Patient perceive the Bath to agree with his Strength and Nature, and that the Di&s;ea&s;e le&s;&s;ens daily, let him continue the u&s;e thereof till it wholly cea&s;e: If he be little or nothing bene|fited, let him take his leave of the Bath, becau&s;e his Di&s;temper is greater than can be overcome by it. But note, that although the benefit be not manife&s;t, if &s;o be the Patient be not weakened, he mu&s;t not pre&s;ently de&s;i&s;t; becau&s;e, as Ex|perience te&s;tifies, many that have perceived no benefit all the time they bathed, have &s;ome Weeks or Months after their return home been either wholly cured, or at lea&s;t much helped; becau&s;e Nature, the &s;trength being re|cruited by a good and orderly diet, is wont to obliterate all the foot&s;teps of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ays <HI>Aretaeus.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. Tho&s;e err who make the term of &s;taying in the Bath to be, till the Fingers and Toes become wrinkled: for all have not the &s;ame ha|bit of Body, in &s;ome it is rare and lax, in others hard and den&s;e: the Humors that are di&s;per&s;ed through the Fle&s;h are few and thin in &s;ome, in others many and thick, and perhaps &s;uch would &s;ooner faint away, than their Fingers and Toes wrinkle. Others expect &s;weat upon the Forehead; but the &s;ame cau&s;es will make it to break forth more ea&s;ily, or more difficulty in &s;everal Per&s;ons. They who define a certain &s;pace of time, are de|ceived, for re&s;pect is not to be had &s;o much to the hours as circum&s;tances; and the endurance of the &s;trength is the ju&s;t bound: for old Wo|men, the cold and moi&s;t, the robu&s;t, tho&s;e that have a den&s;e and compact habit of Body, the fat, tho&s;e that are accu&s;tomed to bathing, do endure it longer, e&s;pecially in the Spring and Autumn, than Young men, boyes, old men, the hot, dry, rare, weak, lean, or People unaccu|&s;tomed to Baths: For the former are le&s;s di&s;&s;ol|ved, and are not &s;o &s;ubject to fainting, as the latter: To which add, that &s;ome Baths are more generous and effectual than others, and &s;uch re|quire a le&s;s &s;tay in them; and that &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es are more rebellious and fixed than others, and &s;uch require a longer bathing. From all which it is clear, that no certain number of hours can be pre&s;cribed for bathing in &s;o great variety of cir|cum&s;tances.</P>
<P N="10">X. I have ob&s;erved that <HI>wa&s;hing</HI> or abiding in <HI>&s;weet</HI> and hot <HI>water</HI> is not without danger: A man of Seventy years old, lu&s;ty for his Age, coming out of the Countrey towards Evening, and finding him|&s;elf &s;omewhat weary, commanded a Bath of com|mon water to be pre&s;ently got ready: Wherein having hardly &s;tayed an hour, and perceiving a fainting Fit a coming, he betook him&s;elf to bed, in which being pre&s;ently taken with an Apoplexy, he died that very Night. Another having heated him&s;elf in &s;uch a Bath, a Swooning and a great and long Di&s;ea&s;e followed, with a very great weakne&s;s. Hence it appears how full of danger wa&s;hing in water is, whether it be Simple, or Medicinal by Nature or Art, unle&s;s the Body be fir&s;t prepared: for by bathing, e&s;pecially in com|mon water, the Body is made &s;lippery, the Pores and all the ways are widened, the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are heated, the Blood boils in the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> and hence the Humours are diffu&s;ed this way and that way, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. Cent. 6. Ob&s;. 96.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Helmont</HI> reckons the frequent u&s;e of <HI>Thermae</HI> or hot <HI>Bathes</HI> among&s;t the impediments of life: It is certain indeed that by their u&s;e the antecedent cau&s;e, as fluxions or Humours turgid with wild or preternatural Salts, is removed, whence they have profited &s;ome gouty per&s;ons, who&s;e members were &s;welled by the preceding di&s;temper, and they have found ea&s;e for a time; but what becomes in the mean time of the <HI>minera</HI> or fountain of the Di&s;ea&s;e? this being left untoucht, e&s;pecially in Di&s;ea&s;es that con&s;i&s;t of their ferments, how &s;hould it not be made more fierce, and tyrannize more over the Body? Not to mention that being &s;ometimes admini&s;tred to the hypochondriacal, by operating more vehe|mently on the ferments of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> they de&s;troy them without our ob&s;erving it, and change the whole ma&s;s of Blood and the nervous juice by their violent action, and exalt the heat of the Bow|els, which is the cau&s;e that occa&s;ion is given for new ebullitions afterwards, and a &s;ource of new fluxions &s;prings up, the members become &s;lippery and relaxed, the Body being &s;oftned by them; and lurking fluxions, e&s;pecially in le&s;s prepared Bodies, being di&s;&s;olved thereby, from a little fire there has ari&s;en a great flame, the malady growing wor&s;e. Whence <HI>Omichius in Epi&s;t.</HI> 7. <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>Timaei,</HI> &s;peaks very much again&s;t their u&s;e, &s;aying, <HI>That he had &s;o ill &s;ucce&s;s from the u&s;e of Thermae or hot Baths in the Gout, that contracting an Hectick heat thereby he was almo&s;t become tabid, yea and that his fits were more frequent and cruel than they u&s;ed to be ever before: I have known none,</HI> proceeds he, <HI>that was freed from fits of the Gout by the u&s;e of them:</HI> but that every one found the fits rather &s;tronger
<PB N="701" REF="314"> and frequenter as &s;oon as they enter'd into &s;uch Baths. Hence &s;ome attribute to &s;ome <HI>Thermae</HI> a certain ar&s;enical poi&s;on that is an enemy to the vi|tal powers: <HI>F. O. Grembs l.</HI> 3. <HI>c. of the &s;hortne&s;s of Man's Life</HI> &sect; 77. <HI>p.</HI> 472. <HI>Perhaps through the ar&s;enical poi&s;on of the Sulphur, who&s;e halitus affect &s;ome mens no&s;trils.</HI> Al|though be&s;ides this deleterial quality they want not others al&s;o, which are like tho&s;e occult ones that are drawn from the cla&s;s of Minerals, &s;eeing it is clear by experience that they have in proce&s;s of time produced in the indi&s;po&s;ed (be&s;ides ero&s;i|ons of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI>) cachexies, atrophies, in &s;ome &s;woonings and other admirable Symptomes. So that &s;ome are of opinion, that the &s;ame thing hap|pens to &s;ome <HI>Thermae,</HI> e&s;pecially taken inwardly, which<NOTE PLACE="marg">Di&s;p. con|tr. Paracel&s;. p. 3. p. 211.</NOTE> <HI>Th. Era&s;tus, T. Zwingerus</HI> (in his preface that he prefixed before <HI>Santis Ardoyni</HI>'s book of poy&s;ons) and <HI>Oporinus</HI> (in his Epi&s;tle concerning <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI>'s Medicines and their deleterial vertues) have left written, <HI>viz.</HI> That many who for a time have found help from the&s;e Remedies, have died in a &s;hort while after: The examples are odious; but I leave the&s;e things to be further examined by others. See <HI>Mo&s;er</HI> of the abu&s;e of <HI>Thermae</HI> and <HI>Acidulae;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fred. Hofm. Meth. Med. lib. 2. c. 6.</NOTE> and the hi&s;tory of the Life and Death of <HI>Bacon</HI> Lord <HI>Verulam.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Dry Baths</HI> in an heated air, &s;eeing they too much inflame the Body, and drive Humours vio|lently toward its &s;urface, are not &s;o approved of as moi&s;t. Yet if &s;uch Bath be made of the &s;team or &s;moak that ari&s;es from the decoction of a moi&s;t Bath, we may a little heat our Body there|by, and &s;o di&s;po&s;e it for its entrance into the moi&s;t bath, that this latter may operate the better.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Note that Baths are not &s;o convenient when Epidemical di&s;tempers rage, e&s;pecially, the plague, for by opening the pores they make the entrance for the contagion the ea&s;ier.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de c. m. ext. <HI>p.</HI> 98.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Baths</HI> are not good when the <HI>Serum</HI> is much encrea&s;ed or moved, whether in a &s;tate that is partly according to Nature, or in a preternatural; whether as to the whole Body, or to &s;ome certain parts: hence they are wont not to &s;ucceed &s;o well in the cacochymical and plethorick, whence they do hurt in the cachexie, Drop&s;ie, as al&s;o in the cough, <HI>coryza,</HI> catarrhs upon the brea&s;t: yea there have been &s;ome who being troubled with a <HI>coryza</HI> (or defluxion of rheum into the No&s;e or Ears) have up|on their entrance into a Bath lo&s;t their &s;mell or hearing. Nor are they good in Inflammations of the parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In Catarrh. deliram. p. 360.</NOTE> as in an <HI>ery&s;ipelas.</HI> Nor is <HI>Helmont's</HI> opi|nion to the contrary to be regarded, who &s;ays, that &s;uch Baths are often good in de&s;tillations; be|cau&s;e they are not profitable even to the Gouty them&s;elves: for we have ob&s;erved that the parts being thereby &s;welled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de c. m. ext. p. 101.</NOTE> have occa&s;ioned the greater afflux of Humours.</P>
<P N="15">XV. It is clear by experience that <HI>hot</HI> and <HI>Sulphu|reous Baths</HI> do very much exalt the <HI>Saline</HI> and other <HI>morbid particles</HI> in Mans Body, that dwell within the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> or are contained in the Humours, and bring them &s;uddenly to the highe&s;t pitch, namely by ex|agirating of them they make them more unruly, and drive them forward out of the fir&s;t ways into the Blood and from thence into the Brain and <HI>ge|nus nerve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">um,</HI> and moreover join together tho&s;e that were &s;evered and quiet before, and excite them into a certain efferve&s;cency. Wherefore tho&s;e that are &s;ubject to either an hereditary Gout or Stone, and as yet have had no fits of tho&s;e di&s;tempers, do often perceive that by the u&s;e of Baths the fruits of both the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are pre&s;ently ripen'd in them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis de morb. Con|vul&s;. cap. 9.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Sulphureous Thermae</HI> or hot Baths contain four things, 1. Water, 2. An oiline&s;s, 3. An acid Spirit, 4. A little lixivial Salt: For Chymi&s;ts know that all <HI>Sulphur</HI> does chiefly con&s;i&s;t of an oil and an acid Spirit; and it is manife&s;t 1. from its ready bur|ning, whereby it is clear that oil abounds in it, for only fat and oily things are the fuel of fire; 2. From its long continued burning, which depends upon an acid Spirit; 3 From the oil that may be drawn from it <HI>per campanam,</HI> which te&s;tifieth its acid Spirit. Seeing therefore <HI>Sulphur</HI> con&s;i&s;ts of an acid Spirit and oil, it is manife&s;t that Sulphureous Baths abound with the &s;ame. Now the&s;e are genera|ted of a Water endued with a very acrimonious lixivial Salt concurring with the <HI>minera</HI> of Sulphur, by which Salt and the acid Spirit of Sulphur there is rai&s;ed an efferve&s;cence and with the efferve&s;|cence an heat, and &s;o the Water al&s;o and the Oil do join after a &s;ort into one. The&s;e Baths have a no|table penetrating vertue, wherefore they reach to the inmo&s;t parts of the Body that are affected: Now that which penetrates &s;o, is the acid Spirit that is intimately mixt with the lixivial Salt and temper'd with the oil, by the vertue of which oil it tem|pers al&s;o the acrimonious Humour that &s;ticks to the Membranes and twitches them, and gives occa&s;ion for convul&s;ions, &amp;c. I &s;ay it both tempers it by its oily &s;ub&s;tance, and al&s;o corrects the &s;ame by an exact mixture of the lixivious Salt and acid Spi|rit, whereby the acidity is overcome that is al|ways hurtful, and is the primary cau&s;e of gnaw|ing in convul&s;ions, &amp;c. For the &s;ubtil lixivious Salt of the Baths being in a manner volatiliz'd, is the be&s;t and perhaps the only thing for coagula|ting the more &s;ubtil acid Spirit. Therefore it will be the office of Art to imitate nature, and to ren|der the lixivious Salt volatil and fit for coagulating the &s;ubtil acid Spirits,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius Pr. l. 2. c. 23. &sect; 236.</NOTE> and withal for curing the di|&s;tempers ari&s;ing thence.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t ab&s;tain from hot Baths whil&s;t <HI>ob&s;tructions</HI> are pre&s;ent in the <HI>hypochondres,</HI> the me&s;a|raick Veins &s;tuffed with tartareous juices, and the ma&s;s of Blood impregnated with Salts that are as yet with wild, acrimonious and acid; for by the Bath the&s;e might be melted and fu&s;ed, and being &s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m. m. lib. 1. c. 11.</NOTE> might be carried into other parts and more principal <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> and there rai&s;e other more grievous Symptomes.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Caputpurgia,</HI> or Purgers of the Head, <HI>Errhines</HI> or drawers out of Phlegm by the No&s;e, and <HI>Ptarmicks</HI> or Sneezing Medicines. (<HI>See Capitis affectus in genere,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head in general, <HI>Book 3.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The No&s;e is the Emunctory of the Head. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ptarmicks and Errhines operate by irritating the Membrane of the No&s;trils. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Ptarmicks and Errhines differ. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Errhines re&s;pect e&s;pecially the private or peculiar fault of the No&s;trils. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ptarmicks relieve the Head. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When they are chiefly to be u&s;ed. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Di&s;tempers they are bad for. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are owing to the Humours. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Errhines are to be u&s;ed, and when Apophlegmati&s;ms. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>White Vitriol is an effectual Errhine. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE take it for granted that the No&s;e is the Emunctory and van as it were of the Brain: for what&s;oever &s;ome have imagin'd to the contrary concerning the publick u&s;e of this Sierce which is de&s;tin'd for the &s;ervice of the whole ma|chin, yet by the opinions of the Ancients and the
<PB N="702" REF="315"> experiments of the more &s;agacious Moderns, it is certain that the fountain indeed of Catarrhs is not to be &s;ought for in the Brain, but in the in&s;epa|rable companion of the Blood, the <HI>Serum,</HI> (for of Blood and <HI>Serum,</HI> as of hot and moi&s;t, do the ele|ments of life con&s;i&s;t;) or in the abundance of the <HI>Lympha</HI> &s;eparated by the glands, into which the Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els either end or ari&s;e therefrom: But to affirm that the Brain is altogether free, pri|viledged and exempt in Catarrhs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 228. <HI>See</HI> Willis cer. Anat. c. 12.</NOTE> is to deny that it is water'd with <HI>Serum,</HI> which is ab&s;urd, or that it is not affected in a <HI>coryza</HI> or other Catarrhs, which is again&s;t experience.</P>
<P N="2">II. The rea&s;on of the activity and operation of Ptarmicks and Errhines con&s;i&s;ts in the &s;olicitation, irritation and twitching of the &s;en&s;ible Membrane of the No&s;trils by an external cau&s;e: hence what|&s;oever things do more nearly affect and as it were tickle this Membrane, the &s;ame do move excreti|on either &s;imply, or with &s;neezing. Thus not on|ly a feather put up the No&s;e cau&s;es &s;neezing, as al|&s;o even the unequal <HI>afflatus</HI> of the ambient air, the Sun-beams, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but al&s;o e&s;pecially all tho&s;e things that are communicated to the No&s;trils, which are endued with a &s;aline quality and acrimony, whe|ther fixed, as white vitriol, or volatil: So all a|crimonious things and all Purgers are Ptarmicks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The more the &s;aline goads are left to them|&s;elves, the more they &s;timulate; the le&s;s they are left to them&s;elves or the more obtu&s;e they are, the le&s;s they &s;timulate. The former are called <HI>Ptar|micks,</HI> that is, which &s;timulate with Sneezing; the latter <HI>Errhines,</HI> that melt the Humours without Sneezing. Hence that the &s;aline <HI>&s;picula</HI> may ap|proach the Membrane of the No&s;trils the more in|timately, Ptarmicks are given in powder or in a dry form, for &s;o they operate more, and the more finely they are powder'd, the more &s;trongly; &s;o that they differ not but in degrees. The &s;aline <HI>&s;piculum</HI> touching the Membrane of the No&s;trils on this manner, three things follow, 1. The irritation it &s;elf; 2. The fu&s;ion and liquation of the Hu|mours;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> 3. The excretion it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Errhines are more u&s;ed for the private &s;er|vice of the No&s;trils, Ptarmicks more for that of o|ther Parts. Errhines are mo&s;t u&s;eful and profitable in a <HI>Coryza, Ozoena, Polypus,</HI> for clean&s;ing, di&s;&s;ipating and procuring a free pa&s;&s;age for the Humours.</P>
<P N="5">V. Sneezing Medicines ea&s;e the Head both in general, and al&s;o in &s;pecial, when the Body is eva|cuated and the antecedent fewel taken away; for they are not good when the matter is too plenti|ful and &s;tagnating: Whence in a <HI>Coryza</HI> and Ca|tarrhs they take place rather in the declination and &s;tate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> than in the beginning, when all things are crude.</P>
<P N="6">VI. They are chiefly of u&s;e when the faculty is a&s;leep as it were in the Watch-Tower of the Body. Hence if they operate not when they are exhibited, they often &s;ignifie the faculty to be even dead; which I have often &s;een, in Child bed Women and others, in as much as Nature is no longer &s;en&s;ible of the goad, nor actuates; which holds good al&s;o in others,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> as for in&s;tance, in Pur|gers.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When tho&s;e parts are indi&s;po&s;ed that ne|ce&s;&s;arily concur to &s;neezing, Sternutatories are not proper: whence they do harm in venereal pains of the head, in fractures, in luxations of the Ribs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Ulcers of the Lungs, Spitting of Blood, Ruptures, &amp;c.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Ptarmicks are owing to the Humours, for the bringing out the <HI>Serum</HI> that &s;tagnates about the coa&s;ts of the Brain, and withal di&s;cu&s;s what&s;oever &s;ticks there: Hence they are rather to be u&s;ed in di&s;tempers ari&s;ing from a po&s;itive cau&s;e, than from a privative: and hence al&s;o they are not &s;o convenient in too much drine&s;s, and for the Cho|lerick and Melancholick, but more for the Phleg|matick in whom the <HI>Serum</HI> is more plentiful, the coagulation whereof it is the chief property of the&s;e kind of Medicines to hinder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Few know when Phlegm is to be drawn from the Brain by Errhines, and when by Apo|phlegmati&s;ms, or when by both. By Errhines, and &s;o through the <HI>os cribriforme,</HI> is to be drained away that &s;nivel that is collected in the &s;pace be|twixt the right and left part of the Brain, and is &s;ent into that &s;pace from the <HI>Cortex</HI> of the Brain&punc; By Apophlegmati&s;ms, and &s;o through the <HI>os Sphe|noides,</HI> that mu&s;t be drawn out which is collected in the Ventricles that are made for this pur|po&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofman. in In&s;tit. ex Riolano.</NOTE> and is driven thither from the <HI>Medulla</HI> of the Brain.</P>
<P N="10">X. I have found that white vitriol di&s;&s;olved in &s;imple or &s;ome cephalick Water, and applyed gently with a feather to the no&s;trils does in a due quantity liquate Catarrhs according to ones wi&s;h and draw them forth, &s;o that I have &s;ome|times happily u&s;ed it even to Infants new born that were hardly able to &s;uck and were ready to be &s;uffocated through ob&s;tructions of their No|&s;trils, as it often happens: In which ca&s;e, when neither oil of &s;weet Almonds dropt into the No&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Wolf. Wedel. Mi&s;c. cur. ann. 3. ob&s;erv. 14.</NOTE> nor Majoran Water in&s;tilled thereinto had any &s;ucce&s;s, this Medicine accompli&s;hed my de&s;ire.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cardiacks,</HI> or Cordials. (<HI>See</HI> Alexipharmacks <HI>before.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their nature and differences. <HI>I. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to be u&s;ed. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Volatils. <HI>III. IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Mo&s;chates. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SEeing tho&s;e are Cordials that &s;uccour the la|bouring Heart, we will premi&s;e, 1. That the Heart and Blood are fellow cau&s;es, and are not to be &s;evered, as &s;ome do. 2. That the Blood con&s;i&s;ts of two parts, a <HI>calidum</HI> or Blood, &s;o called by way of excellency, and an <HI>humidum</HI> or <HI>&s;erum;</HI> in which two alimentary Humours our Life and Health con&s;i&s;ts: nor is there any other innate heat or radical moi&s;ture be&s;ides the&s;e indued with their vigour and vital ferment. 3. We &s;hall call tho&s;e Cordials, that di&s;pen&s;e the Blood and heat (where|of the Heart is the fountain) and do di&s;po&s;e the con&s;i&s;tence of the <HI>Serum,</HI> and the motion and vigour of both. They are therefore &s;uch as either 1. ra|rifie the Blood, when it &s;eems to fail in its <GAP DESC="foreign"> or brightne&s;s, and is weak, when its Sulphu|reous and volatil, Mercurial and Spirituous parti|cles are either obtu&s;e or not vigorated in a &s;uffici|ent degree; &s;uch as the&s;e are good in langui&s;hings of the Heart, la&s;&s;itude with malignity, old age, Palene&s;s, Cold, Cachexie, Ague-fits, weakne&s;s, anxieties, when the motion of the Heart fails as it were, as it does often in malignant Fevers when there is a recour&s;e of the malignity to the Heart, or in driving out the Small Pox or Mea&s;les, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of this &s;ort are (1) <HI>Sulphureous</HI> volatils, and tho&s;e ei|ther <HI>Spirituous,</HI> as the Spirit of Ro&s;es, the apoplec|tick water of Ro&s;es, Brandy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or <HI>oleous,</HI> indued with a volatil oleous ro&s;cid Sulphur, which u&s;e to be called in one word <HI>Bal&s;amicks,</HI> as <HI>Lignum Aloes,</HI> Cam|phor, Myrrhe, all Odoriferous things, which have an immediate commerce with the Spirits, Spices, Cinnamon, Cardamom, oil of Cinamon, Mo&s;ch, Amber, al&s;o Treacle, Mithridate. (2) <HI>Saline Lixivi|als,</HI>
<PB N="703" REF="315"> as Salt of Worm-wood, of <HI>Scordium,</HI> of <HI>Carduus Bened.</HI> &amp;c. which together with a precipitating vertue do natably al&s;o rarefie the Blood and re|duce it into order, whence they are excellent fe|brifuges and &s;udorificks. (3) <HI>&V;rinous Saline Volatils,</HI> which are almo&s;t the mo&s;t powerful of all&punc; as the Spirit of Harts-horn, of Sal Armoniack, of Soot, of Vipers, of Hart's or Mans Blood; the&s;e al&s;o being mixt with oleous, and &s;o being made oleous vola|til Salts, have the &s;ame vertue. Hither belong al|&s;o <HI>fetid</HI> Medicines, whether Sulphureous chiefly, or al&s;o Urinous, which are good in Fainting and Hy|&s;terical Fits and the like. <HI>Ob&s;erve,</HI> that the rare|faction of the Blood denotes two things, 1. the re&s;tauration of the failing Spirits, which is chiefly done by Bal&s;amicks and Sulphureous; 2. the vi|gorating of the motion and fluxility of the <HI>Serum</HI> chiefly, which is e&s;pecially done by Salines.</P>
<P>Or 2. Such as <HI>hinder rarefaction,</HI> which (as the a|bove&s;aid re&s;tore the Sulphureous, Bal&s;amick and Mercurial volatil Particles in the Heart and Blood, &s;o the&s;e) depre&s;s, blunt and precipitate them when they are too fierce and high: and they are ei|ther (1) <HI>Aqueous,</HI> diluting and re&s;toring the <HI>Serum,</HI> the defect whereof renders (among&s;t other things) the rarefaction greater, as temperate Cordial wa|ters, the water of Endive, Sorrel, <HI>aq. Herc. Saxon. frigida,</HI> Whey, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which being di&s;per&s;ed through the Blood do &s;omewhat enervate the volatil Parts; Whereby it is clear, that Juleps, and Small beer al&s;o it &s;elf ought to be granted in a larger quan|tity in Fevers, and the Patients are not to be &s;o &s;trictly compelled to thir&s;t. Or (2.) <HI>Aci,d</HI> which are of the chiefe&s;t rank among the&s;e, whence it may be for a rule, <HI>An acid tameth or dulleth Sulphur,</HI> as the juice of Citron, and Pomegranate, acid mineral Spirits, the Tinctures of Violets, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or (3) <HI>Nitrous,</HI> which in like manner infringe and de|bilitate Sulphur, promote its exaltation and nota|bly attemper it, and vigorate the <HI>Serum</HI> re&s;toring it to it &s;elf, as <HI>Lapis Prunellae, nitrum antimon. perlatum,</HI> &amp;c. Or (4) <HI>Earthy,</HI> ab&s;orbing and <HI>precipitating,</HI> as Corals, Perles, pretious Stones, Bezoar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the&s;e maintain their place in all kinds of Fevers, and are excellently good for other bilious ebullitions (for <HI>Choler doth mo&s;t of all rarefie the Blood</HI>) as in Di&s;tempers proceeding from anger, in Madne&s;s, <HI>deliriums,</HI> Phren&s;ies, burning Fevers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Or they re&s;pect the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood, and are 3. &s;uch as hinder its re&s;olution and pre&s;erve its con&s;i&s;tence that is ready to be violated; whether by concentrating the Sulphur, as <HI>acids,</HI> whence the&s;e are mo&s;t e&s;pecially convenient outwardly in hindring the re&s;olutions of the Spirits, and are good in Swoonings, colliquative &s;weats and when the Blood is turning to Ichor, with Mador, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;uch as are tho&s;e already mention'd, but e&s;pecially &s;im|ple Vinegar and Vinegar of Rue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> al&s;o things actually cold outwardly, cold water, the water of Ro&s;es: Or by <HI>attempering the Serum,</HI> as watery Me|dicines, e&s;pecially <HI>Emul&s;ions,</HI> which have &s;omewhat Mucilaginous in them, whence they are of very great u&s;e in Malignant Fevers, e&s;pecially where watching and <HI>delirium</HI> are urgent: Or <HI>by &s;trengthning</HI> as it were the band of each, (the <HI>Serum</HI> and Blood) by <HI>gently concentrating</HI> and <HI>collecting</HI> of them, as <HI>Mucila|g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nous</HI> and <HI>earthy A&s;tringents,</HI> al&s;o temperate <HI>Bal&s;amicks,</HI> as for example Harts-horn prepared Philo&s;ophi|cally, Ivory prepared without Fire, Gelly of Harts horn, Bole-Armene, Sealed earth, balau&s;tins; and among&s;t hot things Cinnamon, <HI>vitriolum Martis,</HI> which enjoy al&s;o an earthy quality. Hither belong al&s;o <HI>Opiats</HI> them&s;elves; for it is found by the expe|rience of Practitioners, that <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> is ve|ry conveniently given in the re&s;olution of the vi|tal Spirits and Blood, but only in a &s;mall quantity, that by this means the further di&s;&s;olution of the Spirits may be hindred. We have &s;een wonderful effects thereof in the Fainting, Hy&s;terical and others. The&s;e may be mixed either with <HI>Spirituous analepticks,</HI> as <HI>confectio Alkermes,</HI> that by this means both the di&s;&s;olution may be hindred, and matter &s;upplied to the Spirits; or with <HI>earthy ab&s;orbents</HI> and <HI>re&s;olvents,</HI> that on this manner al&s;o the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood may be re&s;pected.</P>
<P>Or 4. They are <HI>re&s;olvents,</HI> that hinder, di&s;&s;olve and di&s;&s;ipate the clodding and as it were curdling of the Blood, whereby it is &s;topt as it were in its motion; they hinder the incoction of the <HI>Serum,</HI> and &s;o by removing al&s;o &s;ome impediments, mediately help its rarefaction: and they are both the <HI>Bal&s;amicks</HI> al|ready &s;poken of, and al&s;o &s;ome <HI>re&s;i&s;ters of putrefacti|on,</HI> as likewi&s;e watry <HI>diluters,</HI> but e&s;pecially <HI>terrene</HI> Medicines, which otherwi&s;e are profitable in falls from on high, Pleuri&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> viz. Corals, Crabs Eyes, <HI>antimonium diaphoreticum,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Acids:</HI> al&s;o, for the&s;e are of a middle nature as it were, both coa|gulating the di&s;&s;olved Blood, and di&s;&s;olving the coagulated: For in both ca&s;es the Blood does clod as it were, both by too much re&s;olution, and by too much coagulation. Hence we mu&s;t note that <HI>acids being joyned with Bezoardicks, do by their penetra|ting vertue, &s;trengthen the Bezoardick and Sudorifick vertue,</HI> as for in&s;tance, the <HI>mi&s;tura-&s;implex,</HI> where neither the theriacal Spirit nor the Spirit of Tartar do &s;o much move &s;weat, much le&s;s the Spirit of Vitriol, yet the&s;e being joyned together promote it nota|bly. Hither may be referred what was &s;aid of the fir&s;t cla&s;s of rarefiers. And the&s;e are good al&s;o in palpitation of the Heart, Fainting away, Malig|nant Fevers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And &s;uch Medicines as perform the&s;e things eminently, namely that defend and pre&s;erve the con&s;i&s;tence of the Spirits and Blood, that it may neither decline to a &s;tate of fu&s;ion, re|&s;olution and ichorefcence, nor of coagulation, I &s;ay &s;uch as the&s;e are properly, and are called, <HI>Be|zoardicks.</HI> All diaphoreticks al&s;o do the &s;ame thing, and e&s;pecially Alexipharmacks. Nor hinders it that the&s;e, and e&s;pecially the temperate are not carried immediately to the Heart; it is enough that they vibrate their operations pre&s;ently out of the Stomach into the Blood, who&s;e cra&s;is is here|by changed, and who&s;e energie and affection re|&s;ults to the Heart; yea &s;uch Cordials do often re&s;pect and take away at lea&s;t the antecedent cau&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 93.</NOTE> however their operation obtains their end in the Heart.</P>
<P N="2">II. Where there is great debility of the faculties we mu&s;t not pre&s;ently flee to comforting Cordials, nor indeed to them alone, but the cau&s;es are to be removed, whether there be a <HI>Plethora</HI> &s;uffoca|ting the Spirits, or a Cacochymie defiling them; whence often either Bleeding or Purging will do the bu&s;ine&s;s. The vulgar are here mi&s;taken.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem.</HI> p. 96</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Let all <HI>Volatils</HI> con&s;i&s;t within the bounds of Mediocrity, both in Diet and Pharmacy, and that both in the Sulphureous and Urinous. So tho&s;e that in their youth drink too much Wine or Bran|dy, do in their following age hereby lo&s;e the &s;trength of their Stomach, ina&s;much as their de|crea&s;ing heat does hence require &s;ome &s;tronger heater: &s;o al&s;o Medicines with Camphor,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and di|&s;tilled oyls do often hurt.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Hence we mu&s;t never &s;o <HI>rarefie</HI> as not to mind at the &s;ame time the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood, that it may be brought to a natural &s;tate: Nor mu&s;t we &s;o u&s;e <HI>Re&s;olvers,</HI> as not to ob&s;erve the tone and due rarefaction of the Blood. Whence tho&s;e offend, who (for in&s;tance) in Malignant Fevers exhau&s;t their Patients only with volatils and per|petual &s;weats, when they ought to di&s;cu&s;s indeed and pre&s;erve the rarefaction, but to temper it when it is too much. So tho&s;e who u&s;e Re&s;olvents more unwarily, ea&s;ily make the <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood too lax, &s;o that the Spirits peri&s;h as it were and di&s;&s;i|pate; which mu&s;t be noted in particular of Cinna|barines; for they do mo&s;t of all re&s;olve the Blood: But do nothing too much, and in all ca&s;es; having
<PB N="704" REF="316"> premi&s;ed univer&s;als, tonicks are to be interpo&s;ed and moderate a&s;tringents.</P>
<P N="5">V. Comforting Cordials are to be rightly di&s;tin|gui&s;hed; whence where <HI>Serum&punc;</HI> (for in&s;tance) is wanting, &s;carce any thing will do &s;o much good as actually moi&s;t and watery things, without omitting acid or nitrous Medicines; and on the contrary, let us not give one thing for another, nor confound the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="6">VI. We mu&s;t not rely too much on mo&s;chated Medicines, which do greatly rarefie the Blood; for while they too much exalt and heighten the Mer|curial particles, in&s;tead of comforting they ea&s;ily hurt Nature, and commonly they do more good outwardly than inwardly, or at lea&s;t unle&s;s when &s;ea&s;onably given:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> they have their u&s;e, but then they mu&s;t be u&s;ed rightly.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Carminatives,</HI> or di&s;cu&s;&s;ers of wind.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The way how to know to di&s;cu&s;s wind or to hinder its gene|ration, depends on the knowledg of its production. <HI>I. X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The pre&s;ervatory and curatory Indications. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many while they endeavour to di&s;&s;ipate flatus, produce them. <HI>III. VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opiats di&s;cu&s;s them. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carminatives</HI> are either halituous and rarefying; <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or ab&s;orbing and tempering: <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they help the heat and ferment of the Stomach. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hot and thinne&s;t are not always to be u&s;ed. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not good in drine&s;s of the Inte&s;tines, and where the excrements are hard. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be varied according to the variety of cau&s;es. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. Where&s;oever <HI>flatus</HI> are, tho&s;e things contri|bute to their excretion that take away the impediments through which they inhere the more firmly in the parts, <HI>viz.</HI> the clammine&s;s and glutinou&s;ne&s;s of the Phlegm from which they are produced, and &s;uch as are Aromatick, and abound with an Aromatick oil. Now I think that <HI>flatus</HI> are truly di&s;cu&s;&s;'d, ina&s;much as their very tenaci|ous matter is incided and broken, whence the pi|tuitous matter that was di&s;tracted and di&s;tended into <HI>flatus</HI> &s;ub&s;ides, and falls into a little globule of Phlegm. For it &s;eems to be done in the &s;ame man|ner, as when Boys are wont to rai&s;e bubles through a &s;traw-Pipe from &s;oap di&s;&s;olv'd in water: The bile being joined to the glutinous Phlegm, by ra|refying of it di&s;tracts it into <HI>flatus,</HI> which by fur|ther rarefaction at length are broken of their own accord, and &s;o by and by the Phlegm that was be|fore di&s;tracted and rarefied con&s;ides, and returns to its former Nature and con&s;i&s;tence; the action of the Bile cea&s;ing then through want of matter to act &s;o upon, unle&s;s it can in&s;inuate it &s;elf into &s;ome o|ther piece of Phlegm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe Meth. Med. lib. 2. c. 21.</NOTE> which it may di&s;tract in|to <HI>flatus</HI> and rarefie in like manner.</P>
<P N="2">II. The <HI>production</HI> and mi&s;chief of <HI>flatus</HI> is to be corrected, 1. by gently cutting the more gluti|nous flegm; 2. by di&s;cu&s;&s;ing and di&s;&s;ipating, or o|therwi&s;e &s;uffocating the&s;e <HI>flatus;</HI> 3. by correcting the acrimony of the bile that is the Efficient cau&s;e of the <HI>flatus:</HI> And the Phlegm, after it is loo&s;ed by the bile and turned into <HI>flatus,</HI> mu&s;t be gently in|cra&s;&s;ated again, but not be made very glutinous. The Phlegm may be incided by volatil Salts, and all Aromaticks, and mo&s;t Acids; but the&s;e are chiefly good, where there is fear to encrea&s;e and heighten both efferve&s;cencies, both in the heart and in the &s;mall Gut; in which ca&s;e 'tis advi&s;ea|ble to ab&s;tain from volatil Salts, as al&s;o from A|romaticks, both le&s;t the &s;tore of <HI>flatus</HI> be increa&s;ed, and al&s;o le&s;t the bile be made either more acrimo|nious or more volatil. Among tho&s;e Acids the chief place is to be given to the Spirit of Nitre as well <HI>pure</HI> as <HI>&s;weet,</HI> &s;eeing it not only cuts glutinous Phlegm, but al&s;o di&s;cu&s;&s;es and breaks the <HI>flatus,</HI> yea and al&s;o tempers the acrimony of the bile, and fix|es it when it is too volatil. This Spirit of Nitre may fitly be taken in ones u&s;ual drink, or any o|ther Medicinal one, and that indeed in an indiffe|rent quantity, whereby neither a <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> may be cau&s;ed, nor its operation be either too &s;trong or too weak.</P>
<P N="3">III. As to the <HI>di&s;cu&s;&s;ion</HI> of the <HI>Flatus</HI> them&s;elves al|ready rai&s;ed and in being, I know nothing com|parable to the &s;aid &s;pirit of Nitre whether pure and &s;imple, or made &s;weet, &s;eeing mo&s;t of the Medicines vulgarly known are Aromatick, and in that re&s;pect heighten and increa&s;e (after a &s;ort at lea&s;t) the acrimony of the Bile; whi|ther I refer Volatil Salts them&s;elves of what kind &s;oever, all which give place to Nitre. Hence our Phy&s;icians are &s;o &s;olicitous about pre&s;cribing Medi|cines for di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of wind, being often taught by &s;ad experience, that &s;uch as have been given have not a little hurt their Patients, through the Bile's being made more acrimonious, &amp; the heat in|crea&s;ed in the body by them. The rea&s;on of which effect all &s;uch are ignorant of, as know not both the nature and rea&s;on of each efferve&s;cence, the hot and the cold: which things being under|&s;tood,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem</HI> Append. Tract. X. Sect. 608.</NOTE> the rea&s;on of the burning cau&s;ed by the u&s;e of Carminatives is ea&s;ily perceived; and, which is the chief thing, the way is al&s;o perceived how this evil may be prevented.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Opiats</HI> hinder the generation of <HI>Flatus</HI> better than mo&s;t other Medicines, &s;uch as Treacle,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem</HI> Tract. 9. Sect. 254.</NOTE> Mi|thridate, <HI>Philonium Romanum, Requies Nicolai,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="5">V. In this re&s;pect they are good with diaphore|ticks, that they di&s;cu&s;s and re&s;olve, whence there are many diaphoreticks that are al&s;o carminatives, as the carline-thi&s;tle, zedoary, <HI>antimonium diaphoreticum,</HI> &amp;c. which are &s;o much the more excellent, that they both re&s;olve, and al&s;o expell by &s;weat and per&s;piration: And they are either (1) <HI>halituous ra|refiers,</HI> which by their thinne&s;s and their &s;ubtle and volatil vertue of attenuating heat, and correct the Phlegm whether in&s;ipid, or e&s;pecially Acid, &s;uch as are <HI>both</HI> chiefly <HI>volatil oleons</HI> things, or Medicins endued with a Subtil Bal&s;amick Sulphur married with a volatil Salt, which both re&s;tore the debili|tated heat, <HI>(for an heat comparatively weak is the Father of flatus, and the Mother is a watry, or Acid, cold and vi&s;cid Humour, or Phlegm actuated into vapours)</HI> penetrate every where by their habituous vertue, and by this their &s;ubtil and volatil vaporo&s;ity help the explo&s;ion of the thicker vapours that are generated; as for in&s;tance, the four carminative Seeds, all Aromaticks, e&s;pecially the roots of zedoary, galangal, and their di&s;tilled oils. <HI>And al&s;o volatil Acids,</HI> as the Spirit of Salt, &s;imple and &s;weet, which we have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved to have removed the Colick like a charm. But the&s;e &s;ame oleous volatils, or Medicines indu|ed with a volatil oleous Sulphur, are al&s;o parego|rick, nervine and demulcing; whence withal they do very well help the pains &amp; ten&s;ions of the Mem|branous parts that ari&s;e from wind: And the&s;e are very good both outwardly and inwardly in many di&s;tempers, as the Colick, <HI>Vertigo,</HI> fits of the Mother, and in the griping pains after Child-Birth, where|in in particular the roots of zedoary and galan|gal are profitable; in the <HI>flatus</HI> of the Womb, the rupture, wherein both by mine own and <HI>Helmont's</HI> experience the four greater carmina|tive hot Seeds are excellent; in the noi&s;e in the Ears, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="6"><PB N="705" REF="316">VI. Or (2) they are <HI>ab&s;orbing</HI> and <HI>temperating,</HI> &s;uch as not only &s;aturate the prevailing Acid, dry up the Humours, and precipitate the vapours ari&s;ing thence; but likewi&s;e if rarefied bile concur al&s;o, they tame the &s;ame, and in one word break the&s;e <GAP DESC="foreign"> or Powers, and re&s;train the Seminal Fer|ment of the <HI>flatus,</HI> and the wild exhaling <HI>gas;</HI> yea, if there be an exce&s;&s;ive heat joined, and &s;o a <HI>Phlo|go&s;is</HI> or Inflammation of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> accompany, as in the Hypochondriacal, they re&s;pect the &s;ame too. Such as the&s;e are both <HI>earthy Precipitaters</HI> and Diapho|reticks, as e&s;pecially <HI>Antim. Diaphoret.</HI> Shells and Crabs-eyes prepared, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and al&s;o chiefly <HI>Nitro|&s;alines,</HI> and <HI>Alkalines</HI> likewi&s;e, Tartar vitriolate, the tincture of Tartar, <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> &amp;c. Refer hither Mineral Waters or <HI>Acidulae,</HI> the <HI>Cly&s;&s;us</HI> of Anti|mony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e are chiefly good in the bilious Colick, Hypochondriacal <HI>flatus,</HI> Tympany, Fevers, Palpitation of the Heart, <HI>Vertigo,</HI> and the like. And it is to be noted that the&s;e things may al&s;o be given mixed, where we would withal Precipi|tate, and al&s;o &s;top Pains, as chiefly in the <HI>Cardial|gia,</HI> or pain at the Stomach, in which ca&s;e I have often with great &s;ucce&s;s given the Oil of Cloves with Shells prepared, in a dry form; with <HI>e&s;|&s;entia carminativa</HI> and the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, in a li|quid, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. Or (3) they are &s;uch as &s;trengthen the concoction and heat, and corrupted <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> of the Stomach, whether they be <HI>Precipitaters</HI> and <HI>Inci|ders,</HI> as the root of Aron, Ginger, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or other Aromaticks and Bal&s;amicks, fitted for what&s;oever exce&s;s. For as the Stomach is always to be taken notice of in <HI>flatus,</HI> and as the &s;ame do u&s;ually ari&s;e from the fru&s;trated action thereof; &s;o the&s;e very Stomachicks al&s;o are de&s;ervedly reckoned among Carminatives: and the&s;e are particularly good in Belchings, Hiccough, <HI>Cardialgia,</HI> Inflations after Meat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. The thinne&s;t and potentially hot volatils are not to be u&s;ed in all flatulent ca&s;es, e&s;pecially in the Hypochondriacal, for whom the more tem|perate are for the mo&s;t part better, which may al|lay the Inflammation or <HI>Phlogo&s;is</HI> of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> that is fed by &s;aline and nitro &s;ulphureous Particles: whence temperating and refrigerating things them&s;elves &s;eem requi&s;ite in this ca&s;e for the de&s;truction of the <HI>flatus,</HI> in as much as by this means the natural heat will be &s;et to rights.</P>
<P N="9">IX. They are not good if there be a drine&s;s in the Inte&s;tines, and hard Excrements cau&s;e Ob&s;truction: for in both ca&s;es unle&s;s there be fir&s;t an evacuation of the Matter and a &s;ufficient depletion, they are all not only in vain, but they al&s;o precipitate the Patient into a far wor&s;e &s;tate. <HI>Crato Con&s;.</HI> 177. writes that &s;ome in the Colick do very badly ha|&s;ten pre&s;ently to di&s;cu&s;s the <HI>flatus,</HI> by giving Car|minatives; which indeed in a lighter Colick do an&s;wer de&s;ire; but in the more vehement, gene|rally hurt.</P>
<P N="10">X. As the productive Cau&s;es of <HI>flatus</HI> vary, &s;o does their Cure, whether they &s;pring from an internal cau&s;e and the faculty hurt, as they call it, or from an external errour. Thus as Pul&s;e, Pot-herbs, things abounding with excrementitious moi|&s;ture, things &s;weet, fat, or cra&s;s and &s;limy, fecu|lent, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> breed <HI>flatus;</HI> &s;o by obviating crudities, that is, by precipitating them by Acids, Aroma|ticks, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> according as the Ca&s;e is, mu&s;t we endea|vour the Cure.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. p. 174.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cauteries,</HI> Fontanels, Inu&s;tions, Setons.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What humours Fontanels or I&s;&s;ues drain out, and from whence. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not available in all Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where they are to be made for revul&s;ion &s;ake. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether there be a &s;et time for keeping of them open: And whether there be always fear of danger from clo&s;ing of them. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Efficacy of an I&s;&s;ue. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions about the I&s;&s;ues that are wont to be made in the ordina|ry places. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Conditions requi&s;ite to make them profitable. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Certain unu&s;ual places in which they may be made with bene|fit. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Profitablene&s;s of perforating the Ear in many Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to make a Fontanel in the Coronal &s;uture. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e I&s;&s;ues are be&s;t that are made by <HI>exci&s;ion. XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether is be&s;t, to make them with an actual or a potential Cautery. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t proceed warily in the application of a <HI>Potential</HI> Cautery. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed of mi&s;taking the place where the Cau&s;tick &s;hould be applied. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How deep the Cau&s;tick &s;hould eat. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It mu&s;t not be applied to a weak Part. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I&s;&s;ues mu&s;t not be made in Per&s;ons that have a very ill habit of Body. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they cau&s;e Barrenne&s;s. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be ra&s;hly dried up. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why they &s;ometimes run nothing. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How their Operation is to be helpt. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;upervening tumour not to be a&s;cribed to the mi&s;take of the Phy&s;ician. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let not Cau&s;ticks be made of A&s;tringents. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e I&s;&s;ues that break out of their own accord, are not to be &s;topt. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the Body be foul, apply not a Cau&s;tick. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Compendious way of making a <HI>Seton. XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we make it, we mu&s;t take heed of hurting the Ten|dons. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is be&s;t making a Seton with an heated In&s;trument. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Children it is to be preferr'd before an I&s;&s;ue in the Neck. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Seton is to be made lengthwayes or breadthwayes. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let not the ligature upon I&s;&s;ues in the Arm be too &s;trait. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The be&s;t I&s;&s;ues are in the Thigh if convenient Ligature can be made. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Profitablene&s;s of <HI>Inu&s;tions. XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The difference of them according to the different intention. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Arabians make their Inu&s;tions. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Inu&s;tions of the Abdomen that were in u&s;e among&s;t the Ancients, be to be approved. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is a Cautery without Pain. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. FOntanels, as well as Ve&s;icatories, drain out what&s;oever Humours are fixed within the Skin, though in a le&s;s compa&s;s, or that are drawn through it both from the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els and Nerves: But they do not only, like Ve&s;icatories, proritate and milk as it were the outer &s;urface of the Skin, but by perforating the Skin al&s;o, they convey out|wards all that ex&s;udes from the &s;ides of the hole by the broken ve&s;&s;els, and that al&s;o which is &s;liding from other places under the bottom of the hole. Wherefore there flow to Fontanels (or I&s;&s;ues) not only tho&s;e Humours that are heaped up within the
<PB N="706" REF="317"> Pores of the Skin or the Glands, or which are &s;ent thither by the Arteries and Nerves: but moreover the &s;erous Excrements under the Skin, that u&s;e to creep from place to place by the inter&s;tices of the Mu&s;cles and Membranes, do from every hand tend towards them, and find an exit by them. Be&s;ides, an I&s;&s;ue being placed in the way anticipates the Morbifick Humours that are wont to be carried to other Parts that were before weak and long affli|cted, and &s;o frees &s;ometimes one Part, &s;ometimes another from their incur&s;e, and like a Bulwark defends them from the Enemy. Hence the matter whether Arthritick, or Nephritick, or Colical, yea &s;ometimes the Paralytick, or otherwi&s;e the Scorbutick, as it pa&s;&s;es out of its Fountains to its ne&s;ts or di&s;ea&s;ed Parts, is often intercepted by I&s;&s;ues, and &s;o is carried out, with the e&s;caping of the u&s;ual inva&s;ions of the Di&s;ea&s;e. This Emi&s;&s;a|ry or Outlet al&s;o, like water-furrows made to drain the ouzine&s;s of the Earth, does by little and little drain out the Humours that are &s;etled in any part or region of the Body, and are there doing harm, and &s;o they either prevent or cure a morbid Di&s;po&s;ition.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. From the&s;e various ways of helping, whereby I&s;&s;ues are wont in general to profit, it is ea&s;ily ga|thered for what Di&s;ea&s;es they are chiefly requi|&s;ite: for though there be almo&s;t no Di&s;ea&s;e, to which this Remedy is either hurtful or unprofitable; yet it &s;eems more nece&s;&s;ary in &s;ome ca&s;es than in others. It is commonly pre&s;cribed for almo&s;t all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, both internal and external; for the Convul&s;ive motions of Infants and Chil|dren; for their Ophthalmie, and &s;trumous Tu|mours: Nor is this Remedy in le&s;s repute for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, as al&s;o for tho&s;e of the lower Belly: Nor is there any Gouty or Cache|ctical Per&s;on but has his Skin as full of holes as a Lamprey. But truly this Remedy how&s;oever pro|fitable and benign of it &s;elf, is not agreeable to all. For there are two &s;orts of Men, who although they were di&s;ea&s;ed, may be excu&s;ed from Fonta|nels, ina&s;much namely as this Emi&s;&s;ary evacuates too much in &s;ome, and in others le&s;s than it ought, and in the mean time is very painful. 1. It is not convenient when it too much evacuates, or &s;pends the moi&s;ture or &s;pirits. I have ob&s;erved in &s;ome, that an I&s;&s;ue made in any Part of the Body, pours out an ichor immoderate in quantity, and vicious for quality: out of it namely, very frequently if not always, there ouzes in great plenty a watry, thin and &s;tinking Humour, often colouring the Pea&s;e and Coverings black, and by the too great efflux hereof the Strength and Fle&s;h are wa&s;ted. The rea&s;on whereof &s;eems to be, that in &s;ome who have their Blood and Humours ill di&s;po&s;ed, when a Solution of continuity is made and hindred from healing, it &s;hortly turns into a &s;tinking and ill favour'd Ulcer; the &s;ides whereof put on the nature of a corruptive acid Ferment; whereby namely the Portions of the Blood that are conti|nually driven thither are &s;o tainted and di&s;&s;olved, that the <HI>Serum</HI> having its Sulphur loo&s;ned and being imbued with other defilements, is rejected of the Veins and &s;o i&s;&s;ues plentifully out there. More|over this corruptive taint of the I&s;&s;ue being com|municated to the Blood doth in &s;ome &s;ort deprave its whole ma&s;s, and thereby (as al&s;o through the too great lo&s;s of the &s;erous Humour) renders it at lea&s;t le&s;s nutritious. And from the Sulphur of the Blood's being di&s;&s;olved on the &s;ides of the I&s;&s;ue and flowing out with the <HI>Serum,</HI> does the ichor that flows o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t &s;tink &s;o and blacken the Linnen. Some|times the Fontanel pouring out no immoderate quantity of ichor, does yet unduly con&s;ume the Spirits and Strength, which indeed is known by the Effect and &s;ometimes only <HI>a Po&s;teriori;</HI> ina&s;much namely as &s;ome, while they have one or more I&s;&s;ues open, continue languid and lean; but the&s;e being &s;topt they pre&s;ently become more brisk and fle&s;hy. Moreover 'tis a vulgar ob&s;ervation, that many upon having an I&s;&s;ue made near their Head, have been taken with &s;ome defect and weakne&s;s of Sight, &s;o that they have been forced to clo&s;e it again pre|&s;ently: which &s;eems therefore to happen, becau&s;e where the &s;tore of Spirits is &s;mall and their con|&s;i&s;tence very thin, &s;mall expences of them, or of the juice out of which they are bred, if &s;o be they be con&s;tant, are hardly born. But 2. Fontanels, as al&s;o Ve&s;icatories, are forbidden &s;ome (or are warily pre&s;cribed) on another and indeed a diffe|rent regard, namely becau&s;e, when they evacuate almo&s;t little or nothing, they vex and pain very much the place in which they are made. For &s;uch as being of a Cholerick or otherwi&s;e hotter tem|per have their ma&s;s of Blood thicker, and le&s;s di|luted with <HI>Serum</HI> than it &s;hould be, and its <HI>Compages</HI> too &s;trict, in &s;uch I &s;ay a &s;olution of continuity be|ing made and continued for the I&s;&s;ue, the Blood it &s;elf &s;ticks in the pa&s;&s;age, and &s;o being extrava&s;ated cau&s;es a very painful <HI>Phlogo&s;is;</HI> and in the mean while &s;eeing &s;uch an I&s;&s;ue pours out but very little ichor, it is as unprofitable as trouble&s;om.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. The general end of I&s;&s;ues is the evacuation of the matter offending and daily accrewing; which evacuation is not to be &s;imply con&s;idered, but ina&s;|much as it does withal either derive, or intercept, or revel the matter. By revul&s;ion the matter is vomited out on this wi&s;e: If it be bred in the Liver, or Spleen, or Womb, and tend upwards, we may make an I&s;&s;ue in the Thigh or Leg, always ob&s;erving to make it on the &s;ame &s;ide, and hereby is the matter hindred from defiling the upper Parts. Where we mu&s;t note, that if from the &s;ame Parts the matter be &s;ent downwards and po&s;&s;e&s;s it &s;elf of either the right or left Leg, tho&s;e do ill that make I&s;&s;ues in the upper Parts to revel from the lower, although they ob&s;erve the rectitude; for &s;o they draw back the malignant matter, offending either in quantity or quality, to the upper Parts, not with|out hurt. <HI>Aquapendent,</HI> p. 1. <HI>Oper. Chirurg. cap.</HI> 95. when the Foot was &s;welled, made an I&s;&s;ue above the Knee, which be&s;ides that it revels, does moreover intercept the matter, and &s;tops its cour&s;e &s;o that it cannot fall down to the Foot: And I following his &s;teps have cured many of a Swelling in their Feet, e&s;pecially if it were about the ankle, by making an I&s;&s;ue in their Leg below the Knee, and &s;uch Patients continue very well &s;till. But I mu&s;t ob|&s;erve that in Men I alwayes cho&s;e the out&s;ide, and in Women the in&s;ide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glandorph Gazoph. c. 15.</NOTE> becau&s;e of their Womb.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Before they be dried up, there are to be con&s;ider'd the Age, the con&s;titution of the Body, the matter offending, the Part &s;ending and the Part receiving. If an Infant be troubled with the Falling Sickne&s;s (for in&s;tance) and an I&s;&s;ue be made in the nape of the Neck, a regular Diet be withal pre&s;cri|bed the Nur&s;e, and fitting Medicines given, whereby the fuel of the Di&s;ea&s;e may be &s;ub&s;tracted and the Head &s;trengthened, &s;o that there be no &s;u&s;picion of the return of the Malady for a year together, the I&s;&s;ue may be &s;afely clo&s;ed up, le&s;t if it be kept any longer open, the good juices flow out as well as the bad, and the Part be more debilitated. In a man of middle Age his pre&s;ent &s;tate is to be com|pared with the by-pa&s;t; which if it be become better, and, while the I&s;&s;ue has run, he have not &s;uffered a relap&s;e, it may by little and little be obliterated in the nape of the Neck or in the fore-part of the Head, by le&s;&s;ening the Pill by degrees, making a new one in the Arm for &s;ecurity, which al&s;o after a while may be dried up. But let old Men wear them to the la&s;t, tho&s;e namely who&s;e natural heat is weak, and in whom there flows out plenty of matter. We mu&s;t con&s;ider al&s;o in Wo|men with Child whether the innate Heat be &s;o brisk as altogether to con&s;ume the Morbifick mat|ter;
<PB N="707" REF="317"> or whether the offending matter find &s;ome other way. From all which we may infer, that there is no definite time of wearing an I&s;&s;ue, and that Death does not always follow clo&s;ing of them up. If any object the Authority of <HI>Crato,</HI> who af|firms, that Death hath followed upon clo&s;ing up of Fontanels, let him know that <HI>Crato</HI> &s;peaks of that drying up which depends, not upon the defect of matter, but the force of the expul&s;ive Faculty, which is not &s;o &s;trong as before; whence the matter being &s;hut up in the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> cau&s;es Death it &s;elf: but it is otherwi&s;e if it be dried up either by Art, or by Nature's not breeding that mat|ter any longer which u&s;ed to be thrown off by the I&s;&s;ue.</P>
<P N="5">V. One being very long afflicted with a Pain in his Loins, at length died: Among&s;t other Reme|dies a little before his Death a Cautery had been affixed to his Thigh four fingers above his Knee; from which upon &s;eparating the E&s;char, there flow'd about half an Ounce of a certain <HI>Sanies,</HI> and afterwards every day an Ounce or more of true and laudable <HI>Pus</HI> or matter. When he was dead his Lungs were found Purulent; there was a great ab&s;ce&s;s in his Loins, from which there was found a &s;mall chanel reaching even to the I&s;&s;ue in his Thigh, through which part of the matter had flow'd out.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Chomel. apud River. O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> Willis A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">t. cereb. <HI>c.</HI> 12.</NOTE> Here does Nature's cunning appear which formed that duct for Purging out the matter of the ab&s;ce&s;s, which yet &s;he could not go through with, being overcome by the plenty of matter.</P>
<P>Another being pa&s;t Sixty years old, was &s;o grie|vou&s;ly troubled with Ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> that even his <HI>Abdomen</HI> and Thighs were extended with a Phlegmatick tumour; with Thir&s;t, loathing of Meat and other Symptoms. The be&s;t Diet being pre&s;cribed him, and his Body being prepared and al&s;o &s;ometimes purged with Rheubarb, Senna, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Strengtheners being added, at length with a poten|tial Cautery we made him an I&s;&s;ue in the right Ham; from whence &s;erous Humours flow'd &s;o plentifully that he recover'd beyond all hope: for Nature di&s;charged the excrementitious Humours to the I&s;&s;ue as to a common Sink.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. Ob&s;. 74. Cent. 4.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. A Cautery or I&s;&s;ue in the <HI>Sinciput</HI> or fore-part of the Head is profitable for many Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pe|cially in tho&s;e who have this Part not Membranous but Bony, that is the fit place where the tip of the middle finger will end if you lay the root of your Hand to the end of your No&s;e, according to <HI>Me&s;ue,</HI> not betwixt the Eye-brows (as commonly) as <HI>Zec|chius con&s;ult.</HI> admoni&s;hes. 1. If the Surgeon be doubt|ful, it is better to make it a little higher, as <HI>Aqua|pendent</HI> bids: The Cauteri&s;ation is not to be made be|yond the <HI>Pericranium;</HI> it is enough if it be touched, or only ju&s;t perforated without going further, namely by taking away the <HI>lamina,</HI> which <HI>Albuca&s;is</HI> bids us avoid. An actual Cautery is always &s;afer than a potential one. 2. Practitioners di&s;allow an I&s;&s;ue in the <HI>occiput</HI> or hinder part of the Head, be|cau&s;e it can hardly be kept open or the Pea&s;e kept in: the true place is the nape of the Neck, where the Head is joined to the fir&s;t <HI>Vertebra.</HI> 3. In the Neck the fitte&s;t place, according to <HI>Aquapendent,</HI> is betwixt the fir&s;t and &s;econd <HI>Vertebrae;</HI> others chu&s;e the &s;pace betwixt the &s;econd and third. Let it not be made on the Proce&s;s of the <HI>Vertebra,</HI> nor on either &s;ide, but ju&s;t in the middle. 4. They are made more commodiou&s;ly and profitably on the in&s;ide of the Arm than the out&s;ide: the proper place is be|twixt the <HI>deltoides</HI> Mu&s;cle and the <HI>biceps</HI> where the cephalick Vein runs; becau&s;e there it may be &s;een and come at, it is betwixt the Mu&s;cles, and is near the cephalick Vein, which circum&s;tances fail if it be made in an uncouth place. 5. I&s;&s;ues are u&s;ually wore above the Knee, both on the in&s;ide and out|&s;ide of the Thigh, about an hands breadth above the Knee: when they are made on the out&s;ide, it mu&s;t be betwixt the extending and bending Mu&s;cle of the Leg; when on the in&s;ide, betwixt the exten|ding Mu&s;cle, the <HI>va&s;tus internus</HI> and adducent. The out&s;ide is to be quite rejected for the broad tendon that is there &s;pread under the Skin, which being hurt, as <HI>Aquapendent</HI> and <HI>Hildanus</HI> te&s;tifie, grievous Symptoms follow: the in&s;ide is more profitable becau&s;e of the Crural Vein de&s;cending that way. 6. In the Leg they are made in three places: <HI>Spige|lius</HI> in the <HI>Sciatica</HI> made one in the hinder &s;ide of the Calf with good &s;ucce&s;s, becau&s;e the <HI>Vena Popliti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a</HI> runs that way: The internal place is three fin|gers breadth under the Knee: this is very commo|dious for Women in regard of the <HI>Saphoena;</HI> but le&s;s fit for Men, becau&s;e of Riding: for the out&s;ide is better for the&s;e betwixt the <HI>fibula</HI> and <HI>tibia</HI> in the inter&s;tice of the Mu&s;cles, where there is a Vein, though not &s;o plain as on the in&s;ide.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Ob&s;erve the&s;e conditions in making an I&s;&s;ue: 1. Let it be made in a place which may be &s;een, or|der'd and kept clean by the Patient; chiefly in the Limbs. 2. Let it be near the larger Veins or their branches, not upon them. 3. Let it not be made upon the very body of the Mu&s;cle whether its ten|dinous or carnous Part, but in the inter&s;tices of the Mu&s;cles; that the Humours flowing that way may be the more ea&s;ily evacuated. 4. Chu&s;e a place fit for ligature.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. 1. The <HI>Ears being bored</HI> &s;upply the place of a Fontanel evacuating from the whole: Nature hath pointed the way as it were with her finger. Some have a little hole in the lobe for Ear-rings. There is a wonderful con&s;ent of the lobe of the Ear with the re&s;t of the Body, whether through &s;mall Nerves, or by &s;mall Arteries from the <HI>Carotides,</HI> or Veins from the Jugulars. If in the greate&s;t heat you &s;prinkle the lobe with cold water, you will per|ceive the whole Body to be cooled. In <HI>Egypt,</HI> as <HI>Alpinus</HI> te&s;tifies, the &s;carifying of the Ears is com|mon. Having perforated the lobe of the Ear, put a longi&s;h tent into the hole made of the bark of the root of &s;purge Laurel, turning the in&s;ide of the bark outwards and rolling it up round. Let this tent abide therein till the Ear and the neighbouring Parts begin to &s;well: then let the tent be lightly moved, that the &s;tore of Water that is collected may flow out, which being exhau&s;ted, the &s;welling of the Ear will fall,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol. Cent. 4. Ob&s;. 80.</NOTE> and the Ophthalmie be a&s;&s;wa|ged. &para; One will hardly believe how great a deal of &s;erous Humour we have often &s;een to be drain|ed out by &s;uch holes as the&s;e, &s;o that that quanti|ty could hardly flow out by a Seton in ten days, which has &s;ometimes run out by the&s;e Emi&s;&s;aries. Nor have we &s;een this Remedy of much avail in Fluxions upon the Eyes only, but al&s;o upon the in|feriour Parts, e&s;pecially the external, as the Brea&s;t, Teeth, Joints, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and I have &s;een many cured by it of an imminent <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> from a thin and &s;harp de|&s;tillation; others al&s;o of inveterate Head-achs: and I think it a Remedy de&s;erving to be recalled into u&s;e by Practitioners in both averting and eva|cuating Fluxions. Let the hole be made with a three&s;quare Bodkin, and putting in pieces of the root of wild Olive (or the like) afterwards cover them over with <HI>Empla&s;t. Diachylon cum Gummi,</HI> and change them twice or thrice a day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Cent. 14. Ob&s;. 100.</NOTE> if there be occa&s;ion, like a common Seton, for a long time together.</P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Zacutus Prax. admir. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 160. applies a Cautery <HI>behind the Ears,</HI> and commends it for all de&s;tillations from the Head; the &s;ame is commended by <HI>Riverius</HI> al&s;o in Fluxions of the Eyes.</P>
<P N="3">3. There is a new place found out by &s;ome in the Neck near the Jugular Veins, in an inter&s;tice of the Mu&s;cles:<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> by the help whereof an inveterate hoar&s;ene&s;s was cured in two.</P>
<P N="4">4. Fontanels are very good <HI>in the Back,</HI> not only for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, by deriving and eva|cuating
<PB N="708" REF="318"> the morbifick matter; but moreover for the Gout, Stone and Colick, by anticipating the fuel of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and intercepting it as it is pa&s;|&s;ing to its ne&s;ts. Which indeed is made good by Experiments and Ob&s;ervations taken from the relief the di&s;ea&s;ed have had thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> Cauteries <HI>between the Shoulder blades</HI> are made great u&s;e of at this day by our Practitioners.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> None has u&s;ed to make Cau|teries on the Back, nor does any u&s;e to go further than the third or fourth <HI>vertebra</HI> of the Neck: yet I knew a man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barth. Cent. 4 Hi&s;t. 33.</NOTE> who e&s;caped from the fear of a <HI>Phthi&s;is</HI> by making an I&s;&s;ue in his Back betwixt the fir&s;t and &s;econd <HI>Vertebra</HI> thereof. They were u&s;ual with the famous <HI>Theodore de Mayerne,</HI> who made them over again&s;t the upper corner of the Shoulder blade, at the middle di&s;tance betwixt that and the Spine; commanding five, &s;ix or more Pea&s;e to be put in it, which a &s;ticking Pla&s;ter was to keep in. The mo&s;t illu&s;trious <HI>Seguire,</HI> Chancellor of <HI>France,</HI> that liv'd to above Ninety, lengthen'd out his life by the help of the&s;e, putting an heap of Pea&s;e in eve|ry hole.</P>
<P N="5">5. This is now much in u&s;e among&s;t us: Make two I&s;&s;ues <HI>in the hinder part of the Neck,</HI> be&s;ide the fourth and fifth <HI>Vertebra</HI> thereof, &s;o that the Spine be betwixt them, and both may be &s;erved with one Pla&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Cent. 6. cur. ult.</NOTE>6. <HI>Amatus Lu&s;it.</HI> hath propo&s;ed an I&s;&s;ue to be made <HI>in the hollow of the Arm pits.</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Lib. 4. De Cauter. c. 17.</NOTE> <HI>Tho. Fienus</HI> in curing the Plague made two in each Arm pit. A Young man about twenty being troubled with a Fluxion upon his Lungs, threatning a <HI>Phthi&s;is,</HI> among&s;t many other Remedies found the chief to be an I&s;&s;ue made in each Arm-hole, which within a Month recover'd him by deriving powerfully the Fluxions &s;liding down to the Brea&s;t, and the Humours contained therein.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riv. Cent. 2. Ob&s;. 61.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">7. For Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t I&s;&s;ues between the Shoulder blades, al&s;o in the Arm, or Leg, are good, to evacuate or anticipate the Humours that are flow|ing towards the Lungs, as al&s;o to call out tho&s;e that are already depo&s;ited there. We know by Experi|ence how an I&s;&s;ue made in the <HI>thorax</HI> it &s;elf between the Ribs doth &s;ometimes more immediately derive the tabifick matter from the Lungs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> <HI>Aquapendent</HI> commands to make two I&s;&s;ues in the hollow under the middle of the Collar-bones again&s;t de&s;tillations upon the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="8">8. <HI>The region of the Abdomen</HI> &s;eems unfit for the wea|ring an I&s;&s;ue in any part of it; yet &s;ome mens Pra|ctice (though more rare) is much cried up for all Hypochondriack Maladies, who by a Cautery burn a large Fontanel that will hold many Pea&s;e, above the region of the Liver. I have known this done in &s;ome with no great benefit, however not &s;o great as might recompence for the trouble of &s;uch a Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">9. By an I&s;&s;ue <HI>in the Groin</HI> I have &s;ometimes hap+pily cured a great <HI>Lumbago</HI> or pain in the Loins, that would yield to no other Remedy; and in another an inveterate <HI>Sciatica.</HI> For the glandulous Emuncto|ries that are in that place do imbibe very many Re|crements of the Blood and nervous Liquor, which if they be forthwith and continually &s;ent from them by a &s;it emi&s;&s;ary, mu&s;t needs contribute much to free the neighbouring Parts from any Morbifick <HI>Minera.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> Such have I&s;&s;ues made in the Groin as are not Married, and &s;uch as are well in years: <HI>Gul. de Saliceto</HI> approved of them for the Colick and Pains of the Bladder; <HI>Jac. Fontanus,</HI> for the Gout; <HI>Santo|r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llus,</HI> for a &s;tubbo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n Itch: the Hydropical and Ca|chectick have found great benefit thereby. I have put a Pill in many ulcerated with Venereal Bubo's that were now healing up, for a peculiar drain to an infected Liver, which being kept in along time did much good.</P>
<P N="10">10. Four fingers breadth below the Groin an I&s;&s;ue being made <HI>in the middle line of the Thigh</HI> is very good for curing the &s;ame Di&s;tempers: For through the middle of tho&s;e Mu&s;cles on their out&s;ide, there run down notable Veins, who&s;e twigs upon occa|&s;ion may ea&s;ily vomit out what&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ever is &s;uperfluous above in the Body. <HI>Placentinus</HI> made an I&s;&s;ue in Monks (for the hurts which happen from continual kneeling) on the in&s;ide of the Thigh, two or three fingers breadth below the Groin, in the inter|&s;tice of the Mu&s;cles, near where the crural Vein is.</P>
<P N="11">11. I have experienced in my &s;elf, that an I&s;&s;ue made in the <HI>Calf,</HI> betwixt the Heads of the <HI>Ga&s;trocnemius</HI> Mu&s;cle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De hum. Corp. Fabr. lib. 5. c. 9.</NOTE> does greatly mitigate Pains in the Hip. <HI>Spigelius</HI> indeed commends the making of an I&s;&s;ue in the Calf at the meeting of the Heads of the <HI>Ga&s;trocnemius:</HI> but becau&s;e this place becau&s;e of its declivity is very inconvenient to be tyed, I cho&s;e (according to <HI>Ve&s;alius</HI>) a place a little higher, and there made an I&s;&s;ue, not without rea&s;on, for this I&s;&s;ue has all the conditions of a good one, 1. The <HI>Vena Poplitaea</HI> near it, which both the Ancients and Moderns u&s;e to open with good &s;ucce&s;s in the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> and many other Di&s;ea&s;es; 2. It has the inter&s;tice of the Heads of the <HI>Ga&s;trocnemius,</HI> and there is no fear of hurting that pretty remarka|ble Nerve that runs under the Knee; for where the I&s;&s;ue is made, the Nerve in its de&s;cent has al|ready &s;unk deeper; 3. It has a firm place for the ligature; 4. It has the convenience that the Patient can order and dre&s;s it him&s;elf.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Ar|mam. ob&s;. 72.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">12. One may u&s;e a Cautery for a perfect <HI>Sciati|ca,</HI> in the bending of the Buttocks, at the extremi|ty of the <HI>mu&s;culi glutei,</HI> (where the motion of the Thigh bone is perceived above the joynt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riol. Enchi|rid. lib. 5. cap. 4.</NOTE>) when the Humour is contained in the cavity of the arti|culation.</P>
<P N="13">13. Sometimes for averting fluxions upon the Thigh,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> an I&s;&s;ue is made upon the Loins on each &s;ide the Spine.</P>
<P N="14">14. Under the Knee it wants all danger, if it be rightly made: the joynting of the <HI>fibula</HI> with the <HI>tibia</HI> mu&s;t be &s;huned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus Cent. 1. ob&s;. 94.</NOTE> where there goes forth a very &s;trong ligament, which being touched by the Cau&s;tick cau&s;eth great pain.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Lobe of the Ear, as was &s;aid before, has a notable con&s;ent with the re&s;t of the Body. It is perforated without hurt, and becau&s;e of the Carotid Arteries and Jugular Veins, the Ve&s;&s;els of the Head that creep through the Cheeks and Gums, &s;uch perforation is good in Di&s;ea&s;es not on|ly of the Head but of the <HI>Eyes</HI> and <HI>Teeth</HI> al&s;o.<NOTE PLACE="marg">6 Epidem. 5.21.</NOTE> <HI>Valle|&s;ius</HI> &s;aw &s;ome Empiricks burn with a Cautery in Per&s;ons troubled with the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> the inner part of the Auricle, where the Cartilage folded back as it were makes a kind of tumour, &s;ome of whom re|ceived help thereby: He gives the rea&s;on, becau&s;e in many I&s;chiadick Per&s;ons the matter flows from the Head, and is intercepted by the inu&s;tion of that place. He learn'd the &s;ame of the Saracens. For a periodical pain in the Teeth <HI>Spigelius</HI> knew no readier Remedy than with an hot Iron to cut that part of the <HI>Anthelix,</HI> which above the <HI>concha</HI> imme|diately touches the upper part of the <HI>tragus,</HI> and then to heal up the Wound again. <HI>Bartholine</HI> &s;ayes it is a &s;ingular Remedy for an ophthalmy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cent. 4. hi&s;t. 80.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. It is vulgarly que&s;tion'd whether an <HI>actual cautery</HI> may be applied to the <HI>&s;inciput</HI> without prejudice. <HI>An&s;wer.</HI> Though very grave Authors &s;u&s;pect the u&s;e of fontanels at the meeting of the coronal and &s;agittal futures, which the Greeks call <GAP DESC="foreign">: yet becau&s;e many as well as my &s;elf, from the fre|quent experience of a good &s;ucce&s;s, do much com|mend it for the curing of the &s;tubborn di&s;tem|pers of the head chiefly; and &s;eeing <HI>I. C. Claudinus, Re&s;p. med.</HI> 3. <HI>T. Fienus lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de cauter. c.</HI> 22 and <HI>M. A. Severinus pyrott. chir. lib.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 21. <HI>c.</HI> 11. have &s;ufficient|ly ventilated that que&s;tion, I will not <HI>actum agere,</HI> but remitting the Reader to the cited Authors I &s;hall pa&s;s to the manner of admini&s;tration. For the accurate finding of the <HI>Bregma</HI> as well later as
<PB N="709" REF="318"> ancienter Surgeons have invented divers ways, all which <HI>Aquapendent</HI> reckons up, <HI>concerning Fonta|nels in the Coronal future.</HI> For the finding out of the meeting of the Coronal and &s;agittal future I join <HI>Avicenna's</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us's</HI> way together; And having &s;haved the Hair enough I draw a thread from the middle of one Ear to the other; then another from the top of the No&s;e to the Crown of the Head: and where the threads do inter&s;ect one ano|ther and make a cro&s;s, there I think the <HI>bregma</HI> to be, or the place for making an I&s;&s;ue. As to the manner of operation, the Surgeon holds a cold <HI>cannula</HI> or pipe in his left hand, by which he pre&s;&s;es &s;trongly upon the Skin being marked with ink, that he may defend the neighbouring parts from the fire, and allay the pain; and with his right hand he thru&s;ts into the <HI>cannula</HI> a rod of Iron heated red hot, and coming with it to the Skull turns it about until he have made &s;ome print with it in the Bone: To hinder the Inflammation of the <HI>pericranium,</HI> (which omitting the turning about of the heated Iron were ea&s;y) and to promote the evacu|ation of the offending matter, (which al&s;o is done by little and little through the pores of the Skull) I u&s;e that Iron which <HI>Aquapendent</HI> called <HI>the hollow and &s;imply inciding:</HI> With this Iron heated red hot and put in the above named <HI>cannula,</HI> we make a fontanel at the meeting of the coronal and &s;agittal future, not only burning therewith, but al&s;o cutting, through the &s;harpne&s;s of the in&s;trument. This hollow in&s;tru|ment, a&s;&s;oon as it has touched the Skull, is &s;o long to be turned about, till it have made a plain print upon it. Many Moderns di&s;approve of the u&s;e of this &s;ame In&s;trument, not only becau&s;e of the pain which they think it cau&s;es, but al&s;o for fear of a dangerous Inflammation in the <HI>pericranium,</HI> which might be communicated to the <HI>dura mater</HI> that is &s;pread within the Skull, through the conjunction of the futures; whence rejecting this hollow one, they make u&s;e in its room of one called <HI>Solid and uniform:</HI> But in my opinion the hollow is to be preferred far before the Solid, becau&s;e this latter may more ea&s;ily cau&s;e the afore&s;aid inconvenien|ces than the former: I add, that the inu&s;tion of the futures that is performed by a &s;olid Iron, proceeds too &s;lowly through the thickne&s;s, hard|ne&s;s and den&s;ity of the Skin of the Head: where|as all the Chirurgical admini&s;trations, e&s;pecially tho&s;e that are performed with red hot Irons, &s;hould be done as quickly as may be. Where|fore our Modern Surgeons de&s;ervedly reject bur|ning in&s;truments, not the &s;imply hollow and inci|ding, but tho&s;e that are &s;tarred and toothed; be|cau&s;e the former by rea&s;on of the &s;tar cannot be turn'd about at all; and the latter, becau&s;e of its teeth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Ar|mamt. ab. 26. &amp;c.</NOTE> not &s;o readily; wherefore they are unfit to make fontanels in the <HI>bregma.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. For making an I&s;&s;ue we u&s;e &s;ometimes an actual cautery inclo&s;ed in a ca&s;e, that the &s;ight of the fire may not affright; &s;ometimes a potential one, who&s;e u&s;e is now double, under a &s;olid, or a liquid form. But it is more certainly and &s;pee|dily performed, if the Skin being rai&s;ed on each &s;ide be divided with a lancet, and a pea&s;e be pre|&s;ently put into the inter&s;tice or &s;lit, which &s;wel|ling by the moi&s;ture that flows to it, keeps the place always open; for &s;o the fall of the E&s;char is not to be tarried for, which u&s;es to be a long time in &s;eparating; nor is there any fear le&s;t the cau&s;tick being melted &s;hould &s;pread it &s;elf through a large &s;pace of the Skin, who&s;e &s;urface alone while it corrodes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Van Horn mic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">echn. p. 180.</NOTE> it cannot reach to the depth of the inter&s;tice of the mu&s;cle.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Albuca&s;is Chirurg. part.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 1. comparing an actual and a potential Cautery in general, pre|fers the actual; becau&s;e fire is &s;imple, who&s;e ac|tion reacheth no further than to the part that is cauterized, and hurteth not con&s;iderably any o|ther member that is joined to it; but a Cau&s;tick Medicin runs about and takes up a larger &s;pace. The&s;e things &s;ome apply to fontanels, and prefer actual cauteries. As for my &s;elf, I only admit the&s;e in tho&s;e places wherein we would both eva|cuate and &s;trengthen, as in pains of the Hip: but in tho&s;e places that are only to be debilitated, I prefer Potential. &para; That my opinion drawn from experience and rea&s;on may be known,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. de Febr. c. 83.</NOTE> I confe&s;s freely, that I had rather have &s;ix I&s;&s;ues made in my Body with an actual fire than one with a Poten|tial, and I have tried both: and all the I&s;&s;ues I have made the&s;e fourteen years, except two, were either made by an actual cautery, or by Section. For an actual Cautery cau&s;es more fear than pain, and a potential the contrary: Be&s;ides, the E&s;char from an actual falls off on the third, or on the fourth day at furthe&s;t; but that from a potential &s;ticking more clo&s;ely is not &s;eparated under eight or nine days, as being founded deeper. Moreover by a red hot Iron there is made a round Ulcer and no larger than is de&s;ir'd, and, according to <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> an Ulcer that is not apt &s;o to heal up: but a Cau&s;tick Medicin, though it be very well fenced, does ne|verthele&s;s communicate its vertue to the neigh|bouring parts, and makes a broader and deeper E&s;char, e&s;pecially in loo&s;e, rare and &s;oft Bodies: &s;o that I am of opinion that potential cauteries were only invented to plea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Glandorp gazophyl. c. 5.</NOTE> and to take away fear, not that they are &s;afer or better than Actu|al.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. We mu&s;t take diligent heed where a po|tential Cautery is applied, that the E&s;char be not burned too large or too deep; for this is not only odious and painful, but al&s;o the I&s;&s;ue is made as it were u&s;ele&s;s thereby; the capillary Veins namely being eat a&s;under, by which Nature ought to have expelled the offending Humours. Sometimes al&s;o the Nervous parts are hurt by the Cau&s;tick, if it have made a deep E&s;char, for hence there follows a great and continual pain, and other Symptoms: And if an Artery or Vein be withal eat a&s;under by the Cau&s;tick, there follows both a great and dan|gerous Haemorrhage; which I have &s;een in one in whom the Cau&s;tick had gnawn a&s;under the Cepha|lick branch, from whence &s;ome pounds of Blood i&s;&s;ued. We mu&s;t take heed al&s;o that by melting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. cent. 2. ob&s;. 13.</NOTE> it &s;pread not too far. If the E&s;char be too broad and deep, when the Ulcer clo&s;es up, the Mouths of the capillary Veins are &s;topp'd with a <HI>callus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem</HI> Epi&s;t. 64.</NOTE> and the I&s;&s;ue becomes le&s;s fit and profitable.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Potential Cauteries,</HI> if they be imprudently applied, introduce pain and other Symptoms. An Apothecary having applied a Cau&s;tick him&s;elf un|der his right Knee, not knowing the true place, was taken a little after the application, with a cru|el pain, Inflammation, Fever, with fear of Convul|&s;ion: healing up this Ulcer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. cent. 1. ob&s;. 94.</NOTE> we made another I&s;|&s;ue, which as yet he keeps open with benefit.</P>
<P N="15">XV. When I advi&s;e to make I&s;&s;ues with Cau|&s;ticks, I take care that they eat &s;o deep as till they have fretted a&s;under the Membrane of the &s;ubja|cent Mu&s;cle. As for example, &s;uch as have pain|ful Ulcers in their Feet from the incur&s;ion of an acrimonious matter; to &s;top this incur&s;ion I make an I&s;&s;ue by a Cau&s;tick in the Leg a little below the gartering place, at which the matter as it glides down is &s;pued out: but, as I &s;aid, I &s;ee that the inve&s;ting Membrane of the &s;ubjacent Mu&s;cle be pe|netrated, le&s;t the acrimonious matter glide down into the Feet the way that it is us'd to do, <HI>viz.</HI> betwixt the Membrane and Fle&s;h: and after the Membrane is eaten a&s;under, care mu&s;t be taken that it clo&s;e not up again together with the Fle&s;h;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Meth. ad Prax. lib. 1. cap. de cau.</NOTE> for in vain &s;hould a Man be troubled with an I&s;&s;ue without benefit.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. I admoni&s;h that none be deceived with the Malady and mi&s;ery of the receiving Member, making an I&s;&s;ue near it while the Humour comes from el&s;ewhere: but we &s;hould alwayes inquire
<PB N="710" REF="319"> out the original of the fluxion, and there apply the Remedy: Otherwi&s;e it mu&s;t needs cau&s;e a greater or a new evil; for this is the chief indication of this Remedy, namely, that it may readily purge out the matter that is apt for fluxion, by a region that is di&s;tant from that part to which it is preju|dicial.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Merc. de Ind. Med. l. 1. c. 16.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. It &s;hould be none of our lea&s;t cares to &s;ee, that the Per&s;on who is to have the I&s;&s;ue made, be not Cachectick, that is, be not of a corrupt ha|bit, or vitiated <HI>vi&s;cera;</HI> moreover, that he be not full of ill Humours and unpurged: for in &s;uch Bo|dies this Remedy is apt to produce Malignant Ul|cers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Medic. effic. p. 256.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Some in <HI>England</HI> are &s;tifly of opinion, that an I&s;&s;ue, whether one or more, di&s;po&s;es to Bar|renne&s;s; on which account married Women and &s;uch as de&s;ire Children are &s;trictly forbid the u&s;e of this Remedy, though it might otherwi&s;e con|duce never &s;o much to their health: for which interdict yet no rea&s;on is given, but only &s;ome &s;to|ries of certain Barren Women that had I&s;&s;ues are alledged, when it were as ea&s;ie to relate more that have been Barren without them, and many fruitful with them. And indeed I am wont to re|tort this argument chiefly again&s;t that opinion, &s;eeing there is no need to confute it otherwi&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. A Woman having for many years one foot very much ulcerated, had an I&s;&s;ue in the other: being wearied with the trouble of them, &s;he got them healed up; upon which pre&s;ently en&s;ued a difficulty of breathing, yet without lo&s;s of appe|tite: At length there followed a &s;welling of the Face, and of the whole Body through the Humours &s;tagnating and having no vent, and a little after death.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. ob&s;. 15. Lib. 9.</NOTE> Being op<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ned, there was found an ab&s;ce&s;s in the left &s;ide hard by the Spleen.</P>
<P N="20">XX. As <HI>luxuriant fle&s;h</HI> &s;ometimes grows on di&s;|membred Limbs, &s;o al&s;o in the cavity of I&s;&s;ues: nor mu&s;t we believe that that mucor or proud fle&s;h, as 'tis commonly called, proceeds from the excrementitious Humour that we would have eva|cuated; but that Humour is turned into &s;uch mat|ter, which if the part were intire, would pa&s;s into its nouri&s;hment:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer. Her. Medic. lib. 1. cap. 4.</NOTE> And hence &s;ome wear I&s;&s;ues without any benefit.</P>
<P>Sometimes it happens that an I&s;&s;ue, like a &s;pring dried up, pours forth little or no Humour, either becau&s;e the hole being not deep enough penetrates not through the whole Skin, which is ea&s;ily cured by making it deeper; or the Ulcer, though deep and large enough, yet remains without liquor, becau&s;e the <HI>Serum,</HI> through the too &s;trict <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood, does not ea&s;ily and plentifully enough &s;eparate from its ma&s;s; and then the only Reme|dy is, to wear in the hole &s;uch &s;olid things as irri|tate much and notably twitch the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els. For which purpo&s;e Pills of Ivy, or Box, or of the Roots of Gentian or Hermodactyls are made and u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Where a Cautery is applied to attract the matter creeping upwards, as in a &s;ympathick Epi|lep&s;ie, after the falling of the E&s;char let a Cupping-gla&s;s be often applied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Pract. lib. 1. c 7.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Having premi&s;ed &s;uch things as were ne|ce&s;&s;ary, I applied a Seton and a potential Cautery to a man of &s;ixty that was troubled with an old and great pain in his Head: Four dayes after a Phlegmatick tumour ro&s;e in his Arm, which waxed &s;o that all his Arm &s;welled from his Shoulder to his Fingers ends, like the Legs of Hydropical Per|&s;ons. I u&s;ed Remedies to prevent the extinction of his natural heat: and at length the &s;welling was quite &s;cattered. Twelve dayes after, the like tumour &s;eiz'd upon the &s;ame Parts, which after|wards wa&s;ted away in a good part, though not wholly. Many were of opinion that the&s;e things happened by rea&s;on of the Cautery's being appli|ed upon &s;ome Nerve; but it appears by Anatomy that they were mi&s;taken, for the Nerves lie deeper there than to be toucht by a Cau&s;tick; moreover it was not laid upon the tendon of the <HI>deltoides</HI> Mu&s;cle, but much higher. After three Months, his Arm being &s;welled like the Legs of Per&s;ons in a Drop&s;ie, he died of a lingring Fever. There was no Gangrene, lividne&s;s or pain, except a little lumpi&s;hne&s;s. But I refer the cau&s;e of the &s;welling of the Arm to an hard, inveterate, immoveable, painle&s;s and livid <HI>Scirrhus</HI> that lay hid in his Arm-pit and was fa&s;ten'd to the Ribs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cl. Chaphu|&s;ius ad Fabr. Hild. Cent. 4. ob&s;. 73.</NOTE> and not to the application of the Cautery; though I doubt not but his death was in &s;ome manner ha&s;ten'd there|by.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In preparing Cau&s;ticks this one thing is to be noted, that tho&s;e things be made u&s;e of that want an a&s;tringent vertue, &s;uch as is quick lime: for tho&s;e Cau&s;ticks that are made of Vitriol and the like, &s;eeing they have an a&s;tringent vertue, the E|&s;char that is made by them is longer a falling off:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mich. Ga|va&s;&s;etius l. de nat. cau|ter. c. 12.</NOTE> wherefore we &s;hould rather u&s;e the&s;e where we would &s;tanch the Blood that bur&s;ts forth upon the ero&s;ion of Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Sometimes there has ri&s;en a &s;pontaneous Ulcer in the inter&s;tices of the Mu&s;cles and in the cavities of other Parts, which hath helped and re|moved &s;ome great Di&s;temper of the Body: In that place therefore there is to be left an I&s;&s;ue for &s;ome time. 'Tis a thing which I have experienced to be profitable and therefore I advi&s;e it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sever. Med. effic. p. 235.</NOTE> yea and rea|&s;on it &s;elf al&s;o per&s;wades it.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. If the Body be foul, and full of Humours, an I&s;&s;ue is not to be made, till provi&s;ion be fir&s;t made again&s;t the accidents that u&s;e to happen, by &s;ome general Remedies; for grievous things are &s;ometimes rai&s;ed from a &s;mall cau&s;e. There is a late example at hand. In the middle of <HI>April,</HI> 1681. <HI>Con&s;tantine M.</HI> our chief Gardener, being about Sixty, came to ask my advice; I am afraid, &s;ays he, I &s;hall fall into an Apoplexy, for I have a heavy pain on the left &s;ide of my Head with drowzine&s;s, yea and my Tongue &s;ometimes faulters, and there|fore I think I have need of an I&s;&s;ue. I con&s;ented, if nece&s;&s;aries had preceeded, le&s;t there &s;hould be a ha&s;ty irruption of Humours upon the part where|in it &s;hould be made. He replies, that it was not long &s;ince he had been purged: and &s;o goes out|right to a Surgeon. The next day a flux of Hu|mour fell upon his Lungs and upon that Arm to which the Cau&s;tick had been applied, hereto did a Loo&s;ne&s;s joyn it &s;elf with a Fever. I being &s;ent for &s;aid that the fluor was to be let alone, and that there was no thinking of Bleeding (which he pre&s;t for) until his Loo&s;ne&s;s were &s;tayed: yet he &s;lighted my advice, and made him&s;elf be let Blood in the other Arm, which came forth corrupt and putrid, altogether like to that which is taken from Peripneumonick and Pleuritick Per&s;ons, to wit, cover'd with a white greeni&s;h and thick Mucilage. He refu&s;ed Cly&s;ters which I would have had him u&s;e to recal the fluor: He was let Blood again, and the Blood was no better than the former: I was afraid his Arm &s;hould Gangrene, but a third Bleeding averted the danger of that, as al&s;o of the Peripneumonie. The Patient accu&s;ed the Sur|geon of unskilfulne&s;s, that he had not applied the Cau&s;tick according to art: I pronounced him free from blame, declaring that the I&s;&s;ue was made in a fit place, and that no Nerve run that way: and that if his Body had in the fir&s;t place been freed from the load of Humours, he might have avoided that mi&s;chief. Moreover that it was better that part of the Humours had faln upon the Arm, for otherwi&s;e they had doubtle&s;s all faln upon his Lungs, which would have been more dangerous. To his &s;welled Arm, omitting tho&s;e oils which the Surgeon had u&s;ed, the du&s;t of Barley and millet flour was applied, upon which the &s;welling a&s;&s;wa|ged. In a like ca&s;e <HI>Amatus Lu&s;itanus</HI> di&s;allows Bleed|ing
<PB N="711" REF="319"> in the oppo&s;ite Arm, and advi&s;es it to be in the Foot of the &s;ame Side: but in this ca&s;e the reliques of an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> did hinder that, which he had been troubled with a few dayes before: And the imminent Peripneumony, that the Lungs might be emptied, per&s;waded no other evacuation to be made but out of the Arm. See Book II. tit. <HI>Bra|chiorum affect.</HI> or <HI>of the</HI> Di&s;tempers <HI>of the Arms,</HI> and &sect; XXII. before.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Now a dayes we do not u&s;e perforated <HI>forcipes</HI> and a red hot Needle to make a <HI>Seton;</HI> but having &s;haved off the Hair, if need be, and pitch'd upon a place, and having noted lengthwayes and &s;idewayes of the <HI>vertebrae</HI> where the perforation is to be made, the doubled Skin is held up by one Hand of the Servant and another of the Ma&s;ter, and is run through with the point of a &s;trong Lan|cet, and a Linnen or Silken Skein, which we ordi|narily u&s;e, is forthwith drawn through the hole: this is afterwards to be anointed with a dige&s;tive Medicine in that part that is to lie hid under the skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horn microt. p. 177.</NOTE> and is often to be pull'd this way and that way.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Concerning the <HI>Nape of the Neck,</HI> we mu&s;t be very careful that in making Setons there, we hurt not the Tendons: For I knew a Captain that had a continual pain in this place from hav|ing the&s;e Tendons hurt with a Seton,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barthol. Cent. 5. hi&s;t. 25.</NOTE> though it cured him however of a Di&s;temper in his Eyes.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Hildanus (cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 40.) bids make a Seton with a <HI>cold Iron</HI> and not an hot; and thinks the former better, becau&s;e fire does not only dry the part, but cau&s;es both pain and terrour to the Patient: But &s;eeing the drine&s;s that is cau&s;ed by the fire is corrected with fre&s;h Butter, and more|over &s;eeing the heat and an indifferent pain avail much to the attraction of the offending Humours, and that Patients are as much afraid of cutting as burning; neglecting the rea&s;ons of <HI>Hildanus</HI> I have with good &s;ucce&s;s (e&s;pecially in the <HI>gutta &s;erena</HI>) burned Setons in many Patients, which evacuate the Humours that fill the Head, revel tho&s;e that are ru&s;hing to the Eyes, derive tho&s;e that flow to the parts of the mouth and to the Brea&s;t, and inter|cept tho&s;e that are de&s;tilling to the Spinal marrow and the joints of the Limbs.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Arm. tab. 30. &s;ig. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. In children I prefer a Seton before a Fontanel, becau&s;e &s;eeing the&s;e are re&s;tle&s;s, the pea&s;e is ever and anon falling out, &s;o that it &s;oon clo&s;es up: To prevent which, Nur&s;es commonly tie their heads &s;trait round with a fillet; from which &s;trait tying, &s;eeing the Skull in children is &s;oft and cartilaginous, it is compre&s;&s;ed and hindred to grow breadth ways, whence from round or glo|bous it is made long, and the &s;ame vitious &s;hape is imprinted upon the Brain al&s;o, whereby the Natural and Animal actions are depraved. <HI>Hildanus</HI> confirms this with an example, <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>cent.</HI> 6. See him al&s;o <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 42.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. <HI>Paraeus l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 24. would have the wound made lengthways in making a Seton, that the mat|ters may be readilier evacuated through the &s;treightne&s;s of the fibres; to whom <HI>Duretus</HI> con|&s;ents: <HI>Aquapendent</HI> oppo&s;es them, 1. becau&s;e the Skin cannot be taken up and perforated tran&s;ver|&s;ly; 2. becau&s;e the upper orifice would do no &s;er|vice: Being inclined by the&s;e rea&s;ons, I am of opi|nion, that the Skin &s;hould either be perforated tran&s;ver&s;ly, or el&s;e be taken up and run through obliquely, &s;o that one hole may be higher than the other, becau&s;e the ducts of the fibres &s;uccour each hole, and an happier evacuation is expect|ed from both &s;ides.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gland i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. gazophy<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ac c. 20.</NOTE> But the hole is to be higher up on that &s;ide where the malady is mo&s;t urgent.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Let the bandage of your I&s;&s;ues be mo|derately tyed; for a loo&s;er bandage keeps not the pill in the I&s;&s;ue, and a too &s;trait one pre&s;&s;es out all the moi&s;ture, and cau&s;es the I&s;&s;ue to become quite dry through the compre&s;&s;ion of the Ve&s;&s;els. I knew a Lady that wore an I&s;&s;ue in her left Arm for many years with very good benefit, and when it cea&s;ed to di&s;charge moi&s;ture, &s;he advi&s;'d with me what &s;hould be the cau&s;e of its drine&s;s, and how it might be helpt? Loo&s;ing the bandage I found the place of the I&s;&s;ue &s;o compre&s;&s;ed, that there &s;eemed to be nothing but Skin and Bone: wherefore I a&s;cribed the dryne&s;s to the &s;trait li|gature, and advi&s;'d that leaving off the fillet whol|ly, &s;he &s;hould dre&s;s the I&s;&s;ue twice a day and lay &s;ome &s;ticking Pla&s;ter over the u&s;ual one, to keep in the pill, till the withered part &s;hould be nou|ri&s;hed again, and acquire its Natural thickne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Arm. tab. 52. fig. 2.</NOTE> She obeyed my coun&s;el, and the I&s;&s;ue began to run very much again.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. The Thigh is a Bulky part, &amp; &s;eems fit enough for having many and large I&s;&s;ues made in it, which namely may drain Humours from the whole Body: But yet it &s;ucceeds not &s;o well in many; partly becau&s;e through its &s;hape, which is thick above and &s;maller below (being withal &s;teep) a bandage cannot conveniently be made upon the I&s;&s;ue to keep in the Pill; and partly becau&s;e a &s;o|lution of continuity being made among the con|cour&s;es of &s;everal Tendons, it often becomes in|flamed and painful; &s;o that it &s;ometimes becomes nece&s;&s;ary in a &s;hort time to clo&s;e up again the I&s;&s;ue that was made therein, to take away the trouble of the pain and halting: but in &s;ome it happens otherwi&s;e and better, becau&s;e an Inflammation does not always come upon the perforated place, and in &s;uch as u&s;e to tye their ho&s;e above the Knee,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> the bandage that is made upon it does not &s;lip off.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. I am very &s;orry that <HI>Inu&s;tion,</HI> or the <HI>Re|medying by fire,</HI> that was &s;o famous and frequent with the Ancients, is left off by our Modern Phy&s;icians not without the lo&s;s of many Patients Lives; for what Phy&s;ick does not cure, the Knife does; and what the Knife cures not; the Fire does; and what the Fire cures not, is incurable. For with the greate&s;t &s;ucce&s;s I cure many Di&s;ea&s;es by fire, and tho&s;e de&s;perate, which at this day the Egyptian Phy&s;icians do. Alas, why is this &s;ort of Remedy omitted in many grievous Di&s;ea&s;es, without cau&s;e, &s;eeing it was &s;o &s;ucce&s;sfully u&s;ed by <HI>Hippocrates, Ga|len, Cel&s;us, Paulus,</HI> &amp;c.? On the contrary I am wont chearfully to fly to this miraculous Remedy, al|though abhorred by our Modern Phy&s;icians, and (I call God to witne&s;s) I have always found it pro|fitable: but I u&s;e it chiefly where there is a cold and moi&s;t temperature. <HI>Epiphan. Ferdinand. Hi&s;t.</HI> 7. But they made Inu&s;tions, not that Ulcers &s;hould be made thereby for a perpetual and continued evacua|tion, &s;uch as are now made by our u&s;ual Cauteries, but either for drying, or to call out the matter to the outer Parts, or to intercept it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Salius in v. 21. lib. 2. de morb.</NOTE> and they trea|ted them like Burns, and heal'd them up and skinn'd them over as &s;oon as they could: on this manner they healed the greate&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P>At this day the <HI>Chine&s;e, Japanois,</HI> &amp;c. undertake to cure almo&s;t all Di&s;ea&s;es by Inu&s;tion. But for this purpo&s;e they u&s;e not Iron, but <HI>Moxa,</HI> which is made of the downy tops of Mugwort; this they lay upon the part where they would make an In|u&s;tion, and &s;etting it on fire, it performs their in|tention. But they chiefly u&s;e it in the Gout. The Reader may find the vertues of tho&s;e Burns that are made by it, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> at large in <HI>Wilhel. ten Rhyne</HI>'s di&s;&s;ertation of the Gout, <HI>part</HI> 3. <HI>pag.</HI> 69. <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or more briefly in the fir&s;t Book of this Treati&s;e under the title of <HI>Arthritis,</HI> (or the Gout) where the &s;aid Au|thor's di&s;cour&s;e is Epitomiz'd.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. <HI>&V;&s;tion</HI> either penetrates to the very <HI>pus,</HI> &s;o that it is both burning and cutting; or it is that which is called <HI>Inu&s;tion,</HI> that is, a burning that wounds the Skin only and makes a cru&s;t, but does not penetrate. By the former burning the <HI>pus</HI> or
<PB N="712" REF="320"> matter is drawn out as freely as by cutting; but not &s;o by the latter or Inu&s;tion, but there are Bli&s;ters rai&s;ed by it, that by them Nature may let out what u&s;ed too be gathered inwardly, or may al&s;o thru&s;t out by little and little what is already collected, and &s;o clear the inward part. Inu&s;tions are al&s;o good for drying and &s;trengthning the parts, when they are moi&s;t and loo&s;e, and &s;ometimes for &s;topping the way of fluxi|ons, to wit by a <HI>cicatrix</HI> the parts are hardened and con&s;tringed. Hence when we would draw out <HI>Pus</HI> that lies deep, we u&s;e &s;ection: If the <HI>Pus</HI> be not malignant, nor the part ready for putrefacti|on, then only cutting; but if it be, then a red hot knife which may both cut and burn, becau&s;e fire re&s;trains and extirpates putrefaction: And then only we &s;hould u&s;e inu&s;tion, when the fluxion lies underneath not as yet changed into matter, or there are mucors and laxities of the parts, as of the ligaments in the <HI>Sciatica</HI> and other pains of the Joints; or unle&s;s it may be when we dare not make Section, though otherwi&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e requires it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de int. Affect.</NOTE> as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commands, that in &s;uch as are &s;uppurated within their Brea&s;t, we &s;hould make penetrating &s;ection, that the <HI>Pus</HI> may flow out; (namely advi&s;ing that which the Di&s;ea&s;e calls for) But others are content with inu&s;tions between the Ribs, as fearing the greatne&s;s of the Remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. com|ment. in 5. Epid. p. 462.</NOTE> and its difficulty in a weak Pati|ent.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. The <HI>u&s;tion of the Joynts</HI> that was grown out of u&s;e, has been re&s;tored by <HI>M. A. Severinus l. de Effic. Medicin.</HI> and I have &s;een him perform the operation ju&s;t after the &s;ame manner as <HI>Alpinus</HI> de|&s;cribes it, <HI>l</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 101. namely by a pyramid made of Flax and Cotton: He called it the Arabick u&s;ti|on becau&s;e it is familiar not only to the Egypti|ans, but al&s;o to the Arabians that live in Tents. This Inu&s;tion is good chiefly in pains of the Joynts that are cau&s;ed by a cold and glutinous Humour fixed in them: al&s;o in Phlegmatick tumours, ari|&s;ing up and down the &s;urface of the Body, for the &s;tubborn matter will yield to no other Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Van Horne micro techw. p. 2. &sect; 33.</NOTE> &para; As to burning with crude Flax and <HI>fungi</HI> (or Toad-&s;tools) becau&s;e <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath not taught the man|ner, it is worth the while to open it: Take crude Flax, and twi&s;t it clo&s;e, make it up in the form of a pyramid, &s;o as that one end of it (or its ba&s;is) may be broad, and the other narrow and pointed: the largene&s;s that the ba&s;is is to be of, may be learned by the largene&s;s of the place that is to be burnt by it; (only note that the burning will extend it &s;elf &s;omewhat further than the ba&s;is of the Pyramid is broad:) &s;et the ba&s;is upon the part to be burnt, and &s;et fire to the other end, and keep it on till all the matter be con&s;umed by the fire; for the fire creeping along and coming to the Skin, makes the u&s;tion, and which &s;eems wonderful, almo&s;t in&s;en&s;ibly and without pain. When the fire is out, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> laid a boil'd Onion upon it, till that which was burnt fell off. Our people apply Butter with a Colewort leaf, and &s;o keep the Ulcer open as long as is thought conve|nient. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ometimes u&s;ed <HI>fungi,</HI> of which they make touch-wood to &s;trike fire withal with a flint: The Egyptians make the&s;e pyramids of old Imnen rags filled with Cotton: The Armenians burn with rags alone tyed clo&s;e with a thread: All which ways indeed are very good, as I have learned by experience: And they differ only in this, that the more den&s;e the matter is that re|ceives the fire, and the clo&s;er it is made up, the deeper burning it makes:<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in v. 25. &s;ect. 3. lib. de affect.</NOTE> Wherefore the matter may be varied with re&s;pect to the place affected, the age, &s;ex and temperament.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. The Ancients made u&s;tions in the <HI>Abdomen</HI> for the &s;ake of the Liver, Spleen and Sto|mach, which have grown out of u&s;e, &s;eeing they are painful and obtain not their &s;cope: For they were made 1. to amend the cold and moi&s;t <HI>intem|peries</HI> of the &s;ubjacent <HI>vi&s;cera;</HI> but it is not advi&s;ea|ble to correct inveterate <HI>intemperies</HI> &s;o ha&s;tily, &s;eeing a contrary <HI>intemperies</HI> may be ea&s;ily induced thereby: And then an <HI>intemperies,</HI> diffu&s;ed through the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Liver, will not be a|mended by a &s;mall burn with an Iron; for here|to are to be preferred &s;uch fit Medicins as may be had. 2. They were made for the evacuation of viti|ous Humours: but although there be vitious mat|ter in the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> yet becau&s;e the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are not con|tiguous to the <HI>peritonaeum,</HI> the matter cannot flow out by the Ulcer that is made by the Iron. As to impo&s;thumes of the Liver and Spleen in particular, <HI>Aquapendent</HI> writes well, To burn the Skin and the Mu&s;cles, that lie under. it, and the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> with a red hot &s;harp Iron, and to penetrate with it as far as to the Impo&s;thume of the Liver and burn it al&s;o, &s;eems to me ju&s;t like killing a Man outright that is almo&s;t dead already:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennere. pract. lib. 3. in fine.</NOTE> commending that &s;ay|ing of our Ma&s;ter's, <HI>That in de&s;perate ca&s;es 'tis better to let our Patients dye than to kill them.</HI></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. 'Tis a que&s;tion, where there be a <HI>Cautery without pain?</HI> to which it is rightly an&s;wer'd, if we &s;peak comparatively, <HI>That there is.</HI> For tho&s;e things that are of greater activity, and forthwith corrupt the part, cau&s;e little or no pain. Cry&s;tals of Silver afford &s;uch a Cautery, that are made of Silver with <HI>aqua fortis.</HI> Moreover we &s;ee &s;uch a thing in the Body not only outwardly in a Gan|grene and mortification, where we may Mechani|cally and Elegantly as it were conceive &s;uch a like cau&s;tick Salt; but al&s;o in a painle&s;s dy&s;entery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 64.</NOTE> when &s;o great an Acrimony comes &s;o &s;uddenly on the membranous parts, that it forthwith takes away all &s;en&s;e, whence it is then ab&s;olutely mor|tal.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Cephalicks,</HI> or Medicines for the Head. (<HI>See Book 3.</HI> Of the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head in general.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The di&s;tinction of Cephalicks. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which are tho&s;e that are called Volatil. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which fixed. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which of a middle nature. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in their admini&s;tration. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hurt of Cephalick Waters, Spirits, <HI>&amp;c. VI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>CEphalick</HI> Remedies re&s;pect either 1. the <HI>Mem|branes</HI> and <HI>Herves,</HI> and their irritation, ten|&s;ion (which is very con&s;iderable in the Mem|branes) and twitching; and the&s;e are profitable in pains of the Head, Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, Tremblings and Convul&s;ive motions; whether they be <HI>di&s;cuti|ents;</HI> or <HI>demulcents</HI> with a Bal&s;amick, Sulphureous vertue, &s;uch as are <HI>paregoricks,</HI> Germander, Ground-pine, Vervain, Penny-royal, Betony, Ro&s;emary-flowers, Ca&s;tor, Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or <HI>inverting,</HI> and <HI>ab|&s;orbing acrimony,</HI> as chiefly <HI>Cinnabarines:</HI> whence it appears how the&s;e very Medicines are good both in the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, and Head-aches, and al&s;o in pains of the Joynts, in Pleuritick pains, and &s;o in the pains of any part of the Body: The more cor|rect Opiats belong hither al&s;o. Or 2. they re&s;pect the <HI>Humours,</HI> e&s;pecially the <HI>Lympha</HI> or <HI>Serum,</HI> and withal the Spirits and Vapours, or thin Steams; and indeed if the&s;e exceed in quantity, then <HI>Evacu|aters</HI> and <HI>diverters,</HI> that are endued with a volatil oleous Sulphur, &s;uch as are good in Catarrhs and
<PB N="713" REF="320"> repletion, in the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Night-mare, for &s;ome &s;ort of Epilep&s;ie, in weakne&s;s of Memory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as Peo|ny, wild Thyme, Majoran, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but if they fail in their due quantity, then <HI>Re&s;torers, Moi&s;teners</HI> and <HI>diluters,</HI> as inwardly, watry Medicines, Liquids, Potions, Decoctions, drinking freely, which are nece&s;&s;ary ia Madne&s;s, Melancholy, too much watch|ing: if the Humours be acrimonious, thin and &s;alt, then <HI>fixers</HI> and <HI>temperaters.</HI> Or 3. they re&s;pect the <HI>Spirits,</HI> which failing require <HI>Re&s;torers,</HI> volatil oleous Bal&s;amicks, in particular, Ambergriefe, Apoplec|tick Waters, di&s;tilled Oyls, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which are profita|ble for prevention of the Apoplexy, &s;trengthen the Memory, re&s;tore the Planet-&s;truck, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But if the Spirits are <HI>unruly</HI> and too plentiful, if they e&s;tuate and are enraged, they are temperated by <HI>moi&s;teners,</HI> and <HI>re&s;torers</HI> of the <HI>Serum,</HI> by <HI>acids</HI> that re&s;train rate|faction, <HI>nitrous</HI> Medicines that promote evaporati|on, <HI>Opiats</HI> that tye, as in Madne&s;s and Phren&s;ie: whence they are al&s;o good in want of Sleep. Or 4. the <HI>vapours</HI> or <HI>halitus,</HI> which being <HI>exce&s;&s;ive, preter|natural</HI> and extraneous, (ina&s;much as the Blood be|ing too halituous, or infected with a preternatural Sulphur, ju&s;t as we &s;ee in People drunk, makes the Spirits turbulent) are corrected as well by gentle aromaticks and &s;trengtheners (&s;uch as are vulgarly called Hinderers of Vapours from ri&s;ing up to the Head, and di&s;cu&s;&s;ers of them, as Coriander, dige|&s;ting powders, that help concoction and &s;trength|en the Stomach;) as al&s;o by acids, which obtund the Sulphureous and Cholerick Humours, as in Drunkenne&s;s: But when the&s;e Vapours or <HI>halitus</HI> fail, then ro&s;cid vapours (all which yet is more rightly attributed to the <HI>Serum</HI> imbued with the&s;e qualities) are re&s;tored, both by moi&s;teners, whence in burning Fevers it is advi&s;able to pre&s;cribe Epi|thems either of Ro&s;e-water only, or Emul&s;ions that notably moi&s;ten and cool; and al&s;o by &s;uch things as breed an halituous Blood, by gentle Aro|maticks, whence both <HI>Sennertus</HI> and <HI>Simon Pauli</HI> ad|vi&s;e, and experience her &s;elf al&s;o bears witne&s;s, that want of Sleep in old Men is not &s;o well help|ed by Opiates alone, or by refrigerating Medi|cines, as by &s;weet evaporating ones, and &s;uch as are endued with an oleous Sulphur; &s;uch as are <HI>&s;pecies diambrae, diamo&s;chi,</HI> and Wine it &s;elf, which we have known &s;ome u&s;e with good &s;ucce&s;s, to the end namely that the <HI>Serum</HI> may be brought to its proper &s;tate, and prevail by a re&s;oluble Sulphur. Or 5. Cephalicks re&s;pect the pores of the Brain it &s;elf, either by <HI>opening</HI> of them when they are <HI>too much &s;hut and ob&s;tructed,</HI> or by <HI>&s;hutting</HI> of them when they are <HI>too wide and gaping.</HI> The pores of the Brain are <HI>opened</HI> by volatil Medicines, e&s;pecially Urinous, if at any time they are depre&s;&s;ed and clo&s;ed up through the plenty of Humours, or by &s;ub&s;idence, compre&s;&s;ion or other cau&s;es, and grant not a free pa&s;&s;age to the Spirits, as e&s;pecially in the Pal&s;ie, Apoplexy, lo&s;s of Speech, thick Catarrhs, in which Di&s;tempers &s;uch Medicines as open the pores of the Nerves are of the greate&s;t avail; al&s;o in im|moderate Sleep and the like Di&s;ea&s;es, Lethargy, Sleeping <HI>Coma</HI> and others; as for in&s;tance, the Spi|rit of Sal Armoniack, with which and the Spirit of the Lilies of the Valley I have cured a number of paralytick. Per&s;ons: &s;ometimes al&s;o di&s;cu&s;&s;ers are to be added. And when the Pores are <HI>too wide,</HI> they are <HI>clo&s;ed</HI> both by Medicines that increa&s;e the <HI>Serum</HI> in &s;ub&s;tance, and that be&s;tow on the Blood a gentle re&s;oluble Sulphur,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l. de &s;. m. fac. p 80.</NOTE> whence they are good and are indicated both in want of Sleep, raging <HI>deliriums,</HI> Phren&s;ie, and in other intemperatures.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Cephalicks Volatils</HI> are 1. &s;uch as are endued with an Oleous, Aromatick, &s;weet Sulphur, in one word <HI>Bal&s;amicks;</HI> as the Leaves and roots of An|gelica, the leaves of Ro&s;emary, Majoran, Sage, Rue, the wood Sa&s;&s;aphras, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> aad their Spirits, Oyls, and Volatil Oleous Salts. And the&s;e are withal Paregorick, and pacifie the irritated mem|branes, and re&s;tore the fainting Spirits; yea they correct al&s;o the <HI>h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">litus</HI> or vapours, and widen the pores. 2. <HI>&V;rinous Volatils,</HI> as the mo&s;t renouned Spi|rit of &s;al Armoniack, the Spirit of Urine, whence the tincture of the Sun and Moon (or Gold and Silver) do almo&s;t wholly borrow their vertue. 3. <HI>Acid Volatils,</HI> as the cephalick &s;triated Spirit of Vitriol, <HI>Aqua Apoplectica Mulicrum, &amp;c.</HI> although the&s;e are more fixed as it were. <HI>Helmont</HI> was almo&s;t the fir&s;t that ob&s;erved, that Cephalicks commend them&s;elves by their volatil Salt. So al&s;o Con&s;erves, Condites and other preparations of Vegetables belong hi|ther.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Fixed</HI> Cephalicks are either <HI>earthy,</HI> as Perles, Corals, Cinnabar; or <HI>Acid,</HI> or <HI>Nitrons,</HI> or <HI>watry di|luters;</HI> and the&s;e are of u&s;e to ab&s;orb and dilute Acrimonious Humours that irritate the mem|branes, to bind, doze and pacifie the enraged Spi|rits, and to procure liberty to the pores, in|a&s;much as they ab&s;orb the Acrimony of the Humours.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Cephalicks</HI> of a <HI>middle</HI> nature con&s;i&s;t of the&s;e mixed, and are divers: The <HI>External</HI> are either <HI>moi&s;teners</HI> and re&s;torers of the <HI>Serum,</HI> as in melan|choly, where (for in&s;tance) a decoction of the leaves of Lettuce is in u&s;e; or being of <HI>thin parts,</HI> do penetrate; or are <HI>refrigeraters</HI> and repellents, as in Hemorrhagies, <HI>deliriums,</HI> where Acids are al&s;o good, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or are <HI>di&s;cu&s;&s;ers</HI> and evacuaters, as &s;ter|nutatories, apophlegmati&s;ms; or <HI>anodynes,</HI> as <HI>un|guentum alaba&s;trin. populeum;</HI> or &s;trengtheners, as <HI>lixi|vium &s;apientiae, &amp;c.</HI> oyl of peaches.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. There lies a great deal in the right <HI>admini|&s;tring</HI> of the&s;e, and it is to be noted 1. in the <HI>man|ner of admini&s;tring,</HI> Such as alter violently and leave an harm behind them, are either to be omitted, or to be u&s;ed more &s;paringly: Thus, the too <HI>odo|riferous</HI> dull the Head, e&s;pecially where the Head akes and is affected by Vapours, whence Styrax, Saffron, Myrrhe al&s;o it &s;elf, and Coriander not prepared mole&s;t the Brain, and by con&s;equence all things that are too vaporous and endued with a preternatural Sulphur, do ea&s;ily di&s;turb the Spi|rits, and though indeed they &s;hut the pores, yet they are to be u&s;ed warily: whence al&s;o <HI>Opiats</HI> be|long hither, which being given more heedle&s;ly and frequently, e&s;pecially in Children, do weaken the Head and render it muddy. So likewi&s;e very <HI>cold things</HI> are to be &s;hunned; for although the Brain do bear well enough repelling frontals, yet care is to be taken that its tone be not vitiated, &s;eeing all cold things are Enemies to the Nerves. In like manner it is never &s;afe to <HI>heat and dry</HI> too much, for thereby the Spirits are enraged, and the pores are too much dilated; thus by the <HI>confectio anacardina</HI> &s;ome have been made mad. So in Topicks (which is <HI>Heurnius</HI>'s caution, <HI>meth. ad pr. l.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 118.) we mu&s;t u&s;e tho&s;e &s;paringly that manife&s;tly <HI>a&s;tringe,</HI> to which hot things are often added, that the re&s;t may penetrate. 2. Neither <HI>moi&s;tening,</HI> nor too <HI>li|quating</HI> and hot things are to be u&s;ed in Catarrhs, and where the Brain is filled with Humour: hence in Catarrhs, wa&s;hings of the Head, yea and baths al&s;o have no place at all, and &s;ome have been ob|&s;erved to lo&s;e their Smelling quite thereby. So tho&s;e that u&s;e hot things (as the oil of Amber) whether inwardly, or outwardly to anoint the Scalp in Catarrhs, by melting the matter and pre|cipitating it into the Ve&s;&s;els, they often cau&s;e a Fever and other greater mi&s;chiefs. 3. Al&s;o <HI>Salts</HI> whether <HI>alkalis, nitrous</HI> or <HI>acids</HI> are le&s;s convenient in Catarrhal affections, for they make the <HI>Serum</HI> the more fluxile, whence it ea&s;ily finds a way to the more noble Parts, which holds in general al&s;o of the other Parts. 4. <HI>Acids</HI> are good where the <HI>Pores</HI> are too <HI>full,</HI> or the <HI>Humours and Spirits too enraged and unbridled,</HI> as in &s;oporous affections, Madne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but they are not &s;o good where the Nerves and Membranes are weak, as in the Pal&s;ie, and wor&s;e
<PB N="714" REF="321"> yet in watchings,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> where they are to be avoi|ded.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Cephalick &s;pirituous waters, as al&s;o <HI>Aquae aureae, vitae,</HI> and Elixirs are not &s;o very &s;afe, e&s;peci|ally when they are taken on an empty Stomach, and, as <HI>Crato</HI> &s;aid, they have proved the Waters of Death to many; for they ha&s;ten forthwith to the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Jacobus Wepferus con&s;. m&s;. pro Nephri|tico.</NOTE> they harden the Glandules, among&s;t which the Brain is one, they ha&s;ten the Drop|&s;ie and Apoplexy, as I have &s;ometimes ob|&s;erved in Mona&s;teries among&s;t the Confe&s;&s;ors.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Chirurgia infu&s;oria,</HI> the manner of its Admi|ni&s;tration, and Benefit.</HEAD>
<P>IN our time has been brought to light an <HI>Operation of Infu&s;ion,</HI> or a <HI>new Cly&s;matick</HI> or &s;ort of Cly&s;tering, when through an opened Vein, by putting a &s;mall Pipe into the Orifice, there is injected by the help of a Syringe or Bladder &s;ome Liquor that is either nouri&s;hing, altering, Cardiack or Purging, which pa&s;&s;ing to the Heart, and afterwards marching through the Arteries and all the habit of the Body, produces the &s;ame Effects, but in a &s;horter time, as if it had been taken in at the Mouth and let down into the Stomach. This Artifice was afterwards am|plified by making a transfu&s;ion of the Blood of one Dog into the veins of another Dog; yea the Experi|ment was tryed in two Men, into who&s;e Veins be|ing emptied to &s;ome Ounces, was transfu&s;ed the artcrial Blood of a Lamb, who were al&s;o better thereupon. Another manner of transfu&s;ing Blood was invented out of one man into another. <HI>Joh. van Horne microtechn. Part.</HI> 1. <HI>Pag.</HI> 218. &para; <HI>J. Jac. Sacks</HI> writes thus concerning the &s;ame to the famous <HI>J. D.</HI> Maj. Of what moment the Circulation of the Blood is, &s;ays he, the mo&s;t skilful Indu&s;try and Experience of the Experimental College in <HI>England</HI> does nota|bly teach, which hath found out that Purgers, with|out ever putting them to the Mouth, do exert their vertues by the help of the circulated Blood: A Pipe is made of the little Bones of Larks thighs, of the &s;hape of tho&s;e Pipes that are fitted to an Oxes Bladder for injecting Cly&s;ters: A purging, or other altering Liquor is put into a &s;mall Bladder, e&s;pe|cially that of a Carp; then a vein is cut in the Hand, Arm or Thigh with a &s;mall hole, and the Liquor is poured into it out of the afore&s;aid Pipe being thru&s;t into the hole, pre&s;&s;ing the Bladder le&s;t the Blood &s;purt out of the Vein in&s;tead of the Li|quor's entring into it: When the Liquor is poured in, the Orifice is clo&s;ed and tyed up: Thus within an hour the Blood is impregnated with the purging Liquor, and communicates the vertues thereof to the Heart by means of the Circulation, and an happy Purgation is effected. <HI>The transfu&s;ion of Blood out of a mangy Dog into a &s;ound</HI> was performed by M. <HI>Thomas Coze,</HI> as the Tran&s;actions of the Engli&s;h Society in the year 1667. <HI>p.</HI> 75. relate it: Whereupon there followed no alteration in the &s;ound Dog, but the mangy one in the &s;pace of Ten or Fourteen days was perfectly recovered. Dr. <HI>Richard Lower</HI> in his <HI>Treati&s;e of the Heart,</HI> p. 190. delivers the Method that is to be ob&s;erved: And the way of preparing the Vein in Man is &s;hewn in the &s;aid Tran&s;actions from Dr. <HI>Edmund King,</HI> p. 246, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Many things are <HI>objected</HI> again&s;t this Transfu&s;ion, but this chiefly, that there is a great difference be|twixt the Fle&s;h we feed upon, and the Blood that is transfu&s;ed immediately into the Veins; that that undergoes great alteration, but this not. To which I <HI>an&s;wer,</HI> That of the three primary Dige&s;tions of the Aliment, the fir&s;t that is performed in the Sto|mach is of no great moment in re&s;pect of the others that are made of the chyle and Blood in the Heart, Liver, and all the Parts that are capable of nouri&s;h|ment: And although Blood poured in fre&s;h, under|go not the fir&s;t concoction that is made in the Sto|mach, yet it undergoes the other two through ma|ny Circulations that are performed by the natural Blood, and therefore there is no ab&s;urdity to hinder why it &s;hould not be transformed into man's &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P>D. <HI>Fabritius</HI> a Phy&s;ician of <HI>Dantzick,</HI> that was great|ly de&s;irous to find out what &s;uch effects the opera|tion of infu&s;ing Liquors into mens Veins had with it, meeting with three fit &s;ubjects in the Ho&s;pital made the&s;e Experiments: Fir&s;t he infu&s;ed by a Syringe about two Drachms of a laxative Liquor into the <HI>Venae mediana</HI> of the right Arm: The Patient was a &s;trong Souldier, very dangerou&s;ly clapt, and &s;uffer|ing terrible <HI>exo&s;to&s;es</HI> or Nodes on the Bones of his Arms: The Cathartick Liquor being poured in he complained of great Pains in his Arms, the Valves wherein did &s;o &s;en&s;ibly &s;well up, that we were forced by a gentle compre&s;&s;ion with our finger to &s;traiten the tumour towards the Shoulders of the Patient: After about four hours the Medicine be|gun to work, not without great di&s;turbance, and it continued its operation the next day, &s;o that he had five large Stools after the infu&s;ion. Without the u&s;ing any other Remedies tho&s;e <HI>exo&s;to&s;es</HI> went away, nor remained there any foot&s;teps of the fore|mentioned Di&s;ea&s;e. The other two Experiments were made the one in a Woman Thirty five years old, and the other in a Girl of Fifteen, that were grievou&s;ly afflicted with the Falling-Sickne&s;s: Both the&s;e underwent this operation, whereby we pou|red into their Veins a laxative Medicine di&s;&s;olved in an Anti-epileptick Spirit: The fir&s;t &s;ome hours after the Injection had gentle Stools, and the day after her Epileptick Convul&s;ions returned again, but much more gently, and at length they went off: The latter the &s;ame day had four Stools, and &s;ome the day after, but going abroad and catching cold, and not ob&s;erving a right Diet, &s;he kill'd her &s;elf. It is ob&s;ervable that it was common to all of them to vomit a little while after the Infu&s;ion, and that violently and often. The &s;aid <HI>Fabritius</HI> having obtained leave to try the Experiment in &s;ome that were very much infected with <HI>the Pox,</HI> opened a Vein, and infu&s;ed into the Blood certain Medicines; which Experiment being made in two, the one re|cover'd and the other dyed. He repeated the &s;ame Experiment, pouring altering Medicines into the Veins of the right Arms of three Patients, one whereof had his Limbs di&s;torted with the <HI>Gout,</HI> a &s;e|cond was extremely <HI>Apoplectick,</HI> the third was brought to Death's door by the Poli&s;h <HI>Plica:</HI> The Gouty Per|&s;on was pretty well the next day, and &s;hortly after betook him&s;elf to work, profe&s;&s;ing him&s;elf to be cured: The Apoplectick from that time forward endured no Paroxy&s;m; And many of the Ulcers that aro&s;e from the <HI>Plica</HI> were healed, and both the&s;e could go about their Bu&s;ine&s;s. But the con|ditions and requi&s;its for this admini&s;tration, requi|red by the above-mentioned <HI>J. Dan. Maj.</HI> (who hath writ a large Volume of this operation) are 1. That the Phy&s;ician be warranted by Publick Au|thority, let the event be what it will: 2. That &s;ome regular Remedies have been fir&s;t u&s;ed with|out &s;ucce&s;s. See more in the afore&s;aid <HI>Philo&s;ophical Tran&s;actions.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="715" REF="321">
<HEAD>Cly&s;ters.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They draw not only out of the Inte&s;tins, but reach fur|ther. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what Po&s;ture the Patient is to take a Cly&s;ter. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One may be made drunk by a Cly&s;ter. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They require &s;ome &s;trength of the Faculties. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The too much u&s;e of them is to be avoided. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the four u&s;ual forms which is to be cho&s;en, and when. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Body may be nouri&s;hed by them. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An indication for the injecting of them is to be taken from the u&s;ual going to Stool. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be injected cold. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their vertue in internal Inflammations. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Being frequently injected they cau&s;e the flux of the Hemor|rhoids. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcotick Cly&s;ters are &s;afe. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>But with the addition of Correctives. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let not the quantity of the Liquor be too great. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be injected in tho&s;e that retain them not. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch they &s;hould be in weakne&s;s of the Inte&s;tins. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How tho&s;e &s;hould be prepared that we would have to work &s;trongly. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be called out when retained too long. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A greater quantity is requi&s;ite in Women. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>Ol. diacolocynth.</HI> to Purge and &s;catter <HI>flatus. XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What <HI>Purging</HI> Cly&s;ters are to be made of. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They &s;u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ly the place of Purgatives. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stronger Purgatives, when they are boil'd in them, mu&s;t be tied up in a Rag. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tive</HI> Cly&s;ters are not to be injected all at once in flatulent Di&s;tempers. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mix not fat things with Cly&s;ters that are to provoke to Stool. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Emollient</HI> Cly&s;ters made of the common emollient decoction are often hurtful. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carminative</HI> Cly&s;ters are hurtful, unle&s;s Emollients be added. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tears are not to be added. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sugar is to be boiled in the Cly&s;ter, and not only di&s;&s;olved. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Salt be to be put in them. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t &s;ometimes ab&s;tain from Fenugreek &s;eed. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercury (the Herb) is not to be reckoned among&s;t Emol|lients. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Emollient Herbs (of the Decoction) mu&s;t be very fre&s;h. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters made of many Simples are hurtful. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Purge works not, whether a Cly&s;ter is to be admini|&s;tred. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters made of the Oil of &s;weet Almonds only their efficacy in mollifying the Belly. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Cly&s;ter of Tabaco &s;moak loo&s;ening the Belly. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cly&s;ters are not &s;o convenient for Old Men. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Cly&s;ters made of the infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus metal|lorum</HI> in &s;undry Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MO&s;t deny that their vertue reaches further than the Guts, and therefore if Humours be to be evacuated from any higher or more remote Part, they advi&s;e to take Medicines by the mouth: But experience witne&s;&s;eth that their efficacy is greater than &s;o; for that a&s;&s;ures, that the &s;ame Symptoms have followed the u&s;e of white Hellebore admini&s;tred by way of Suppo&s;itory, as if it had been taken by the Mouth; that three Grains of the gla&s;s of Antimony put in a Suppo&s;itory, have cau&s;ed two Vomits: For the Colon receiving the vertue of the Medicine, transfu&s;es it by the Arteries into the trunk of the <HI>Aorta.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The mo&s;t convenient po&s;ture for the Patient to take a Cly&s;ter in is learned from the &s;ituation of the Gut <HI>Colon;</HI> it begins at the right <HI>os Ilium,</HI> from whence a&s;cending it joyns it &s;elf to the right Kid|ney: from thence bending it runs acro&s;s the Belly to the left &s;ide under the hollow &s;ide of the Liver and under the Stomach, and &s;o comes to the left Kidney, to which it is likewi&s;e joyned: then de|&s;cending to the left <HI>os Ilium,</HI> it a&s;cends again by and by towards the upper Parts, but after a &s;hort &s;pace bending down again, it begins the &s;treight Gut. Let the Patient therefore be placed on the right &s;ide, le&s;t if he &s;hould be placed on the left, the weight of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> &s;hould pre&s;s together the &s;treight Gut and the la&s;t part of the <HI>Colon</HI> (that de|&s;cends under the Spleen and is knit to the left Kid|ney) &s;o that the pa&s;&s;age of the Cly&s;ter into the capacity of the <HI>Colon</HI> &s;hould be hindred, and it &s;hould &s;tay all of it in the two lower windings of the <HI>Colon,</HI> where it will but &s;tay neither for a &s;hort while: but if the Patient lean on his right &s;ide, the li|quor will be ea&s;ily driven to the bending of the <HI>Colon</HI> under the Spleen, and &s;o proceed for|ward to the Valve at the beginning of the <HI>Colon.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">See Fernel. l. 3. m. c. 2. Sect. 5. Hild.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. I have &s;een an ab&s;temious Woman drunk by injecting a Cly&s;ter of Wine, which tho&s;e that were by not knowing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pet. Bovel. Cent. 1. Ob&s;. 56.</NOTE> believed that &s;ome mi&s;take was made either by the Phy&s;ician or Apothecary. &para; I &s;aw the like in the year 1658. at <HI>Newenburg</HI> in a No|ble Matron, who being troubled with the wind-Colick, and having a Cly&s;ter given her again&s;t wind which had a &s;poonful of <HI>Aqua vitae</HI> in it (a lenient Cly&s;ter preceding) fell into a Melancholick <HI>Delirium:</HI> She forthwith cau&s;ed all her Relations to be called to bid them the la&s;t farewel, affirming that her end was at hand: They all di&s;&s;olved into tears; but I being &s;atisfied there was no danger from the &s;trength of her Voice and all her Faculties, bur&s;t out into laughter: And indeed in two hours time &s;he was freed of both her Colick and <HI>Delirium,</HI> nothing re|maining but Shame for her vain fear.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Hippocr. lib. de v. r. in Ac.</HI> for the u&s;e of a Cly|&s;ter requires that the Faculty be &s;trong, and the Age firm: Indeed the Ancients u&s;ed &s;tronger Cly&s;ters, I mean &s;uch as were prepared of &s;tronger Medicines, and were wont to inject far more than now, and therefore required more &s;trength to bear it, and they relied on a Cly&s;ter as on a more powerful Remedy: for you may very often &s;ee <HI>Hippocrates (in Epidemiis)</HI> to make mention of a Cly&s;ter as a mo&s;t Soveraign Remedy in the difficulte&s;t Cures.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in eum libr. pag. 42.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. We mu&s;t diligently note, that we do not continue long to inject Cly&s;ters in Fevers, when the &s;trength of the Di&s;ea&s;e is broken and its edge taken off, e&s;pecially in hy&s;terical Women or hypo|chondriacal Men, &s;eeing the Blood and Humours of &s;uch Per&s;ons are ea&s;ily tran&s;mutable, and are exa|gitated and e&s;tuate with almo&s;t nothing, whereby the Oeconomy of the Body is di&s;turbed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Syden. ob&s;. in Acut. p. 360.</NOTE> and the febrile Symptoms afflict the Patients even beyond the u&s;ual Period. &para; We mu&s;t take heed of u&s;ing them too much, becau&s;e they make the Guts &s;lug|gi&s;h and neglectful of their proper Office: Be&s;ides that they draw down the Meat before its due time from the Stomach and Me&s;araicks, &s;o that the Party is deprived of nouri&s;hment and repletion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Praef. Med. lib. 1. c. 3. See <HI>Tulpius</HI> lib. 3. cap. 16. ob&s;.</NOTE> whence it comes to pa&s;s that tho&s;e that take Cly&s;ters void nothing the next day, and therefore the ignorant vulgar think they bind the Belly.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Seeing 'tis known there are four kinds of Cly&s;ters u&s;ed at this day, of a different &s;hape or form, we mu&s;t inquire, which of them is the mo&s;t convenient and &s;afe. The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> of the four, de&s;cri|bed by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> is known to all, namely that which is made of an Oxe's Bladder, to which a Pipe made of Ivory or Box is fa&s;ten'd; which &s;ee|ing &s;ome, e&s;pecially Women, are through ba&s;h|fulne&s;s
<PB N="716" REF="322"> unwilling to make u&s;e of, another <HI>&s;econd</HI> kind has been invented, which any one may him&s;elf alone put into his <HI>anus,</HI> the invention and de&s;crip|tion whereof we owe to <HI>Gul. Hildanus Ob&s;ervat. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 77. The <HI>third</HI> &s;ort was fir&s;t brought to us from <HI>France</HI> within the&s;e few years, made of Tin, and more like a Syringe than the two already de&s;cribed. The <HI>fourth</HI> kind, which is the late&s;t of all, was in|vented by the Engli&s;h, being made of a Skin or Lea|ther, but through which neither is Oil nor any De|coction injected into the <HI>anus</HI> (for which U&s;es the three kinds already mentioned are made) but any one that will may puff up the &s;moak of kindled Tabaco by the bla&s;t of his Mouth or upper Throat into the <HI>anus</HI> or lower Throat (that I may &s;peak with <HI>Plautus</HI>) the accurate De&s;cription and Figure whereof the Excellent <HI>Tho. Bartholine (Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Hi&s;tor.</HI> 66. <HI>Hi&s;tor. Anatomic.</HI>) has given us. Now which of the&s;e would we commend to &s;uch as are afflicted with Co|lick Pains, e&s;pecially, if we would not exa&s;perate them? Indeed &s;eeing 'tis ob&s;erved that all Patients are not ea&s;ed by Cly&s;ters, there is &s;urely &s;ome choice of them to be made: I think it therefore mo&s;t advi&s;eable to u&s;e either the fir&s;t or &s;econd &s;ort when we are troubled with the Colick, for the&s;e are the fitte&s;t for moderating in a convenient quan|tity, and as it were ruling with our hand as we plea&s;e, the Decoction that is to be injected: And if the <HI>flatus</HI> &s;hut up in the <HI>Caecum inte&s;tinum</HI> (which we have determin'd to be the receptacle of <HI>flatus</HI>) and in the cells of the <HI>Colon</HI> &s;trive to get out, whil'&s;t the Decoction is injected by the Pipe, the&s;e <HI>flatus</HI> may conveniently be received into the Bladder that is now almo&s;t emptied of the Decoction; for which purpo&s;e it were moreover convenient (for 'tis ea&s;ie to add &s;omething to Inventions) to tye to the Blad|der a little Pipe, be&s;ides that which is thru&s;t into the <HI>anus,</HI> whereby the <HI>flatus</HI> may break forth and va|ni&s;h into the Air, as the &s;moak out of a Vent-hole or Chimney, which little Pipe is to be &s;topt with a Cock (or the like) till there is occa&s;ion to turn the Cock and give vent to the <HI>flatus,</HI> which &s;ometimes otherwi&s;e break forth with that violence into the Bladder (being almo&s;t emptied of the Decoction) that if it be not compact enough they break it, and flying out with the Decoction be&s;patter &s;hamefully the face of him that admini&s;ters the Cly&s;ter; or which, if they find no vent, are driven violently into the Inte&s;tines again: which when it happens, without doubt that Pain in the Inte&s;tines is exa|&s;perated which 'tis de&s;ired to a&s;&s;wage by the Cly|&s;ter, but in vain: but the Belly being extimulated by a Suppo&s;itory or Cly&s;ter, if the <HI>flatus</HI> find a pa&s;|&s;age, they go out through the &s;treight Gut accor|ding to de&s;ire. When therefore any is ill of the Colick, the two kinds of Cly&s;ters ju&s;t now men|tioned may be advi&s;ed. When any one is Sick of the Iliack Pa&s;&s;ion or <HI>Volvulus,</HI> the <HI>French</HI> Cly&s;ter is to be recommended to him, as whereby the Inte&s;tines are far more impetuou&s;ly di&s;tended than by the former, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commanded to do, and made tryal with a Pair of common Bellows. As to the profit or Commodity of the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Cly&s;ter, I partly &s;u&s;pend my judgment, as thinking it not yet to be clear enough what I &s;hould pronounce of it; yet I deny not but that the &s;moak of Tabaco, being Acrimonious and Narcotick, when it is to be pufft up into the <HI>anus</HI> &s;hould affright many Patients, becau&s;e of the Ve&s;&s;els of all kinds, Veins, Arteries and Nerves that end in the &s;treight Gut and Sphincter of the <HI>Anus</HI> (to &s;ay nothing of the Bladder that grows to the &s;treight Gut) of which con&s;ult Anatomi&s;ts: What therefore will be done thereby in them who being in years expect both the external and internal Hemorrhoids, who&s;e <HI>Anus</HI> or Womb is apt to fall out, who Pi&s;s in their &s;leep, or from whom the Seed is prone to i&s;&s;ue? Whether may not the&s;e Parts mentioned be ea&s;ily taken with a Pal&s;ie, when the Narcotick faculty of the Tabaco hath as it were bid battel to them? Yet I deny not, though <HI>Nardus Anto|nius Recchius (lib.</HI> 5. <HI>rerum Med. Hi&s;p. novae cap.</HI> 51.) demon|&s;trate Tabaco to be Narcotick, not becau&s;e it is cold, but becau&s;e it is hot, of an acrimonious ta&s;te, dry and hot in the third degree, and wonderfully drying up Phlegm; I &s;ay, for all this, I do not deny but Eu|ropean Women, that are &s;ubject to the more grie|vous Symptoms of the Womb, may by the help of the Engli&s;h Cly&s;ter a&s;&s;wage &s;uch their uterine Sym|ptoms, putting it into the neck of their Womb and driving the Tabaco &s;moak into their Womb it &s;elf, without making u&s;e of that Chair which <HI>Neander</HI> de|&s;cribes in his <HI>Tabacolog.</HI> And the fore&s;aid <HI>Recchius</HI> tea|cheth, that <HI>the &s;moak of Tabaco, breathed in, is not only a Remedy for them that labour under difficulty of breath, but that the &s;ame is exceeding good al&s;o for the Di&s;tempers of the Womb, and e&s;pecially for the Suffocations that are wont to happen through its a&s;cent; for by the application of this Remedy it is re&s;tored into its place in an in&s;tant, &s;wooning and &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t are removed, and Death which was in a great mea&s;ure let into the &s;ick Womans Body, is removed,</HI> &amp;c. When therefore 'tis every where directed to fumi|gate the Womb by a Funnel in certain Di&s;tempers, the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Cly&s;ter is mo&s;t to be recommended for that u&s;e: Likewi&s;e when <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the <HI>volvulus</HI> or twi&s;ting of the Guts does therefore commend the u&s;e of a Pair of Bellows, that &s;imple blowing (or wind) may di&s;tend the Inte&s;tins, and free them from the hard Excrement,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli Qua|dripartit. Bo|tan. p. 461.</NOTE> no In&s;trument can be found more ingenious than this Engli&s;h one to di&s;tend the Inte|&s;tines by mere wind, without any Tabaco &s;moak.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Laurentius</HI> in his Anatomy di&s;cu&s;&s;es the que|&s;tion, whether a Cly&s;ter can nouri&s;h, and whe|ther any concoctive Faculty is to be granted to the Inte&s;tines? But we mu&s;t believe Experience, and yield to Rea&s;on which al&s;o con&s;ents; for there is the &s;ame condition of the Stomach and Guts; their neighbourhood and connexion per&s;uade that. In <HI>Hildanus (Ob&s;.</HI> 30. <HI>Cent.</HI> 4.) a Matron after a Sick|ne&s;s being on the mending-hand, for &s;ix Weeks was &s;o aver&s;e from all Meat and Drink, that &s;he could hardly take any thing by her Mouth; but by the advice of <HI>Auberius,</HI> Broth of Fle&s;h, with the yelks of Eggs, was injected in at her Fundament twice every day; and by the help of the&s;e Cly&s;ters &s;he was &s;o nouri&s;hed, that being with Child &s;he carried her <HI>foetus</HI> to the appoin|ted time, and was happily brought to Bed of it. In the year 1660. Mr. <HI>Bourgeois</HI> of <HI>Newen|burg,</HI> the Governour of the Alms-hou&s;e, being ill of a Quinzey, and &s;wallowing nothing at all, was by the &s;ame means &s;u&s;tained for eight days, till the way for Meat and Drink was opened again.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In all Cly&s;ters 'tis u&s;eful to con&s;ider mens wont, ina&s;much as &s;ome go not once to Stool in two or three days or longer; others unle&s;s they go once or twice a day, their Head and Belly &s;eem to be loaded: Wherefore according as one u&s;es to go to Stool, or &s;omewhat oftener, mu&s;t Cly&s;ters be given, unle&s;s &s;omething hinder; as in Children, in whom the retentive Faculty is very weak, and therefore they endure not Cly&s;ters often; as nei|ther can Men that have the &s;ame Faculty weak,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus.</NOTE> or the expul&s;ive quick and &s;en&s;ible.</P>
<P N="9">IX. One in a Barber's Shop complains of the fear of an approaching Di&s;ea&s;e; the Barber of|fers him his help, and prepares a Cly&s;ter, and injects it cold: The poor Man tells him that he's &s;en&s;ible of coldne&s;s in his Guts, and intreats him that he will give him an hot Cly&s;ter in&s;tead of it: the Barber does confidently tell him, that 'twas all one whether 'twas hot or cold: but the event &s;hewed the difference; for being op|pre&s;&s;ed with a great weakne&s;s of his Faculties, he could not void the Cly&s;ter again either of him|&s;elf, nor when provoked by another hot Cly&s;ter;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol. Cent. 1. Ob&s;. 76.</NOTE> and the next day being overcome with an eternal coldne&s;s, he died.</P>
<P N="10"><PB N="717" REF="322">X. <HI>Adr. Spigelius</HI> boa&s;ted that he had found by ex|perience, that Inflammations of the Hypochondres in the Inte&s;tines may be dige&s;ted the &s;ame way by Cly&s;ters, as external Tumours and Inflammations by Fomentations.</P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI> (5. <HI>Epid. p.</HI> 487.) &s;ayes, that <HI>Eudemus</HI> of <HI>Lari&s;&s;a</HI> had the flux of the Hemorrhoids begin upon Purgations, becau&s;e formerly for other Di|&s;tempers he had u&s;ed frequent Purgations, or Cly|&s;ters, or Suppo&s;itories: to let us know, that many do de&s;ervedly &s;hun their u&s;e, for fear of the He|morrhoids.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> u&s;ed even in Cly&s;ters pro|cures Sleep powerfully enough, yea more &s;afely than when given by the Mouth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Pract. l. 1. c. 11.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Sennertus (l.</HI> 1. <HI>Pract.</HI> in the Chapter <HI>of the Phren&s;ie</HI>) advi&s;es, in the greate&s;t weakne&s;s of the fa|culties to mix Opiats with Cly&s;ters, when they cannot conveniently be taken in at the Mouth: But Correctives are not to be omitted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m. m. l. 1. c. 10.</NOTE> &s;uch as are the Oyls of Dill, Chamomel, Ro&s;es.</P>
<P N="14">IV. The quantity of the matter of the Cly&s;ter is commonly pre&s;cribed to fifteen or eighteen oun|ces, which is often too much, when the Inte&s;tins are filled with <HI>faeces</HI> or wind, or the Patient is &s;hort of &s;tature, or a little punch-belly; for then &s;even or eight ounces are enough: but when we inject them for ab&s;ter&s;ion, as in the Dy&s;entery, they may be given in a larger quantity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hemp in In&s;titut</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Let Cly&s;ters be injected actually cold into tho&s;e that are prone to part with them again pre|&s;ently.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. In great weakne&s;s of the Inte&s;tins let the decoctions for Cly&s;ters be of broth.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Cly&s;ters that &s;hould work &s;trongly mu&s;t con&s;i&s;t of a little broth and a good quantity of Electuaries,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivaccius.</NOTE> for &s;o they are longer kept.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. If Cly&s;ters be too long retained, which often happens, inject three or four ounces of crude Honey with fle&s;h-broth, or one Gla&s;s of Urine, and it will certainly bring out with it the former Cly|&s;ter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wolf Gabel|chov. Cent. 1. cur. Annot. 62.</NOTE> &para; If the Pipe or nozzle of the Syringe by which Cly&s;ters are injected, be put up the <HI>anus,</HI> and the Air be attracted by drawing out the &s;top|ple, by this means the wind is not only drawn out, but Cly&s;ters that have been too long retained are furthered in their excretion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Platerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. According to <HI>Rufus</HI> in <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> (8. <HI>collig.</HI>) the quantity ought alwayes to be larger in Women: for Women are dull, of &s;low motion and cold: be|&s;ides they have naturally larger Bellies for the con|taining of the <HI>foetus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Pharm. Dogm. c. 17.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Quercetan</HI> commands that there &s;hould be ready prepared in the Shops a <HI>Carminative oyl of Colo|quintida</HI> that is Purgative; this oyl, he &s;ays, may be kept long; the Do&s;e of it is one ounce or two, accordingly as there is need of its &s;tronger or weaker working, being mixed with fat broth: It would be a Soveraign Remedy again&s;t all &s;oporife|rous Di&s;ea&s;es, Apoplexy, Lethargy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the afore&s;aid <HI>Coloquintida</HI> boiled with lenitive oyls, as oyl of Earth-worms, Lin&s;eed, Lilies, Mi&s;letoe-ber|ries and Chamomel, one may make a compound lenitive Purgative oyl after the manner of the a|fore&s;aid Carminative Purgative oyl, which being mixed with the broth of a Sheeps-Head, is an ex|cellent Remedy again&s;t all pains: for the oyl does wonderfully contemperate the acrimonious and poy&s;onous quality of the <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> &s;o that being thus prepared it is not hurtful or prejudicial at all to the Guts, to who&s;e coats otherwi&s;e, though it be the mo&s;t finely powdered and made up into Troches, a little is alwayes wont to &s;tick: which inconvenience we prevent by this preparation, and the mixture of oyls with its e&s;&s;ence and propriety; and thus it becomes a Remedy le&s;s dangerous than <HI>diaphoenicon</HI> it &s;elf, or <HI>benedicta laxativa.</HI> It will be u&s;eful in divers &s;orts of Cly&s;ters, and will exert no|table effects with good &s;ucce&s;s, e&s;pecially in a&s;|&s;waging the intolerable Colick pains that ari&s;e for the mo&s;t part from gla&s;&s;ie Phlegm that &s;ticks to the Inte&s;tines, in which, Purging lenitives given alone are found altogether ineffectual and invalid. The de&s;cription of the fir&s;t mentioned oyl is this: <HI>Take of the dryed Herbs of Rue, Calamint, Organy, Penny-royal, of each an handful, of the Seeds of wild Carrot, Cummin, Fennil, Bayberries, of each an ounce, of oyl Olive two pounds, red wine one pound: boil them till the wine be con&s;umed: Into the oyl thus prepared put two ounces of the pulp of</HI> Coloquintida, <HI>dige&s;t them by the fire in</HI> Balneo Mariae <HI>hot for twelve hours, then let them boil two hours, until the oyl have drawn out all the vertue of the</HI> Coloquintida, <HI>then pre&s;s it and &s;train it.</HI></P>
<P N="21">XXI. In Cly&s;ters there are only two Purgers, <HI>Scammony</HI> and <HI>Coloquintida;</HI> other things are added for the more commodious evacuation: Oyl,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus Meth. Med.</NOTE> that the way may be &s;lippery; <HI>&s;al gemmae,</HI> for the fu&s;ion of the excrements; Carminatives, for wind.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. That Cly&s;ters may be &s;ub&s;tituted for Purging Medicines is clear from <HI>Galen</HI> (2. <HI>&s;. loc.</HI>) where in the pain of the Head, or a &s;troak or blow upon it, and in a fluxion upon the Eyes he propo|&s;es a &s;trong Purgation, whether it be by giving a Purgative by the Mouth, or by &s;trong Cly&s;ters. If two or three ounces of <HI>aqua Benedicta</HI> be added, they purge very powerfully: They will become Purgatory al&s;o, if one di&s;&s;olve in them two drachms of &s;ome Pills.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Strong Purgatives, as Troches of Aga|rick, Scammony, <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> when they are boil'd in Cly&s;ters, mu&s;t be tied in a rag, le&s;t the thicker matter of them &s;tick to the Inte&s;tins and cau&s;e griping. Mercurials and Antimonials, &s;eeing they ea&s;ily &s;ettle, and &s;end not forth their thicker parts in boiling,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman. m. m. p. 128.</NOTE> may be boiled without being &s;o ti|ed.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. We mu&s;t note in all flatulent Di&s;tempers, that Cly&s;ters are not to be given all at once, but fir&s;t of all about a third part;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. 1. cap. 10.</NOTE> and a while after give the remainder, for &s;o the Patient will retain it the better.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. To mix oyl or any fat thing with Cly|&s;ters that are to purge the Guts, as is common, is contrary to all rea&s;on, &s;eeing the vertue of irrita|ting Medicines and the faculty of feeling are both of them dulled by nothing more than by oleous Medicines: Wherefore we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from the&s;e while we endeavour to excite the &s;en&s;e only, un|le&s;s when both cau&s;es concur to Co&s;tivene&s;s; for then it is nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e both mixt together, namely &s;uch as may &s;often the excrements, and al|&s;o others that may irritate the faculty. But when the faculty is dulled by any vi&s;cid Humour, and the clearne&s;s of &s;en&s;e is lo&s;t, &s;o that the Pati|ent is not at all &s;en&s;ible of the weight or acrimony of the Humours, it will be expedient at &s;uch time to u&s;e tho&s;e Cly&s;ters fir&s;t that ab&s;terge or clean&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Indicat. Med. l. 1. c. 3.</NOTE> and afterwards tho&s;e that irritate, that when the impediment is removed, the faculty may be rouzed from Sleep as it were and ari&s;e to motion.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. We mu&s;t know that fat Cly&s;ters, which are called common, made of Mallows, Mar&s;h-Mal|lows, Beet, Prunes, Lin&s;eed, Fenugreek, are not profitable for all, though they are found u&s;eful to the mo&s;t for procuring the u&s;ual &s;tools; for by their nidour Womens Wombs are wont to be di|&s;turbed: their ill &s;mell al&s;o affects &s;ome mens Heads, and in others the Mouth of their Stomach; in &s;ome likewi&s;e it corrupts the Spirits and Hu|mours:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Prae&s;. Med. lib. 1. c. 3. Auger. Fer|rer. ca&s;tigat. cap. 24.</NOTE> hence it came to pa&s;s that the Ancients were content with Wine mingled with Honey and with Oyl only, that the &s;tench and unprofitable burthen of Medicins might be avoided; for a thick|er &s;ub&s;tance is not &s;o fit to wa&s;h out the <HI>faeces</HI> as what is more liquid.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Tho&s;e things that powerfully di&s;cu&s;s, often cau&s;e pains through the wrong u&s;ing of them: for if the flatuous Spirit be den&s;e and thick, and the
<PB N="718" REF="323"> matter much or more den&s;e than can be conquered by Carminative Medicins, rather more <HI>flatus</HI> are generated by them, and tho&s;e that were there be|fore are made more thin: and therefore it comes to pa&s;s that the di&s;tended and pained part is more &s;tretched by the new propagation and attenuation of the <HI>flatus.</HI> Wherefore I think it more advi&s;ea|ble to mix with Carminatives,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. Moebius in In&s;titut. Fr. Hofman. in Meth. Med. ex Galeno 14. m. m. c. 7.</NOTE> tho&s;e things which have a vertue to mollifie the pained parts, that they may be the ea&s;ilier di&s;tended: &s;o that I like not the u&s;e of tho&s;e things at the beginning which are called du&s;cu&s;&s;ory, until the Di&s;ea&s;e be increa&s;ed, the matter being become thinner and the <HI>flatus</HI> di&s;|&s;olved.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Tears are dangerous in Cly&s;ters, as <HI>Sa|gapenum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> becau&s;e of their clammine&s;s by rea|&s;on whereof they &s;tick and cannot be repelled.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. White Sugar or brown (which deter|geth more) is added to the Cly&s;ters called com|mon:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Victor. Trin|cavel. l. 1. Comp. Med. c. 20.</NOTE> But this unle&s;s it be boiled a little in the broth or decoction, being turn'd into <HI>flatus</HI> cau&s;eth gripes.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Whether is Salt to be put in Cly&s;ters? In Fevers the u&s;e of Salt mixt with an ab&s;terging decoction is more fitly omitted, e&s;pecially when Solvents are added; for without Salt they &s;tay longer and are reduced better into act in the In|te&s;tins: for Salt is only good in tho&s;e that cannot endure a Cly&s;ter &s;hould &s;tay long; or where we would &s;timulate and irritate the expul&s;ive faculty,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. Hi&s;t. p. 546.</NOTE> if it be dulled.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved, that al|though Fenugreek-&s;eed be indifferently commend|ed to either Sex to loo&s;en a co&s;tive Belly, or to ea&s;e gripes, being u&s;ed in Cly&s;ters; yet &s;ome wo|men are offended with its &s;mell, and e&s;pecially tho&s;e that are &s;ubject to fits of the Mother:<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli. Quadrip. Botan. cla&s;&s;. 3. p. 306.</NOTE> wherefore for the mo&s;t part I refrain from it in pre&s;cribing tho&s;e Cly&s;ters that are appointed for that Sex.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Mercury is reckoned by &s;ome among&s;t Emollient herbs, which <HI>Hofman</HI> (following <HI>Marc. Virgilius</HI> and <HI>Bra&s;&s;avolus</HI>) thinks it ought not to be, but he will have it to be put in the rank of indiffe|rent purgers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. 2. de Medic. offic. cap. 147.</NOTE> But commonly, &s;ayes he, 'tis put in Emollient Cly&s;ters? True, but that it may be, though it be no Emollient, but do only help the Emollient action by ab&s;ter&s;ion: For like Beet, Colewort and &s;uch like, it has &s;omething nitrous whereby it &s;timulates the Belly: Hence <HI>Cartes</HI> ob|&s;erves that the leaves of Mercury will do the &s;ame thing as the leaves of <HI>Senna;</HI> and hence al&s;o it is that Cly&s;ters of <HI>mel Mercuriale</HI> have a notable ver|tue to provoke to &s;tool:<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli Qua|dr. Bot. p. 398.</NOTE> therefore 'tis better to u&s;e that Honey than the dry leaves.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In making decoctions of Emollient and cooling Herbs, we mu&s;t &s;ee that they be newly gathered. Two years ago upon taking a Cly&s;ter in a Fever, who&s;e decoction was made of herbs ga|thered the day before, I had pre&s;ently a great pain ari&s;e at my Stomach, which was followed by a &s;wooning: Of which I could gather no other rea&s;on, than the nidour and &s;tench (a&s;cending up my Guts) that aro&s;e from the Herbs that were mu&s;ty and half rotten.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. As to the manner of compo&s;ition, it is to be noted that there is no need of any curious compo&s;ition, &s;eeing the too great variety of Roots, Leaves, Seeds, Flowers and Fruits, to which after|wards oyl and other things are added, makes the Cly&s;ters have a bad &s;mell, and &s;o by their nidour they di&s;turb Womens Wombs, and affect al&s;o Mens heads and the Mouth of their Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mert In|&s;tit. l. 5. Part 3. Sect. 3. c. 24.</NOTE> whence at this day we &s;ee the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;icians do often profitably prepare Cly&s;ters of one Plant or a few Seeds.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. When Purgers do not their office, Practitioners inject a Cly&s;ter, neither rightly nor &s;afely, &s;ays <HI>Oriba&s;ius;</HI> for the Guts being di&s;tended with the Purge, and the Humours ru&s;hing thither, the Remedy is forbid entertainment: wherefore, by his advice, it will be better to put up a &s;uppo|&s;itory, made of Honey with half a drachm of Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn m. m. l. 2. c. 21.</NOTE> or however let the Cly&s;ter be but very little in quantity.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. It is almo&s;t incredible how effectual Cly&s;ters made of the oil of &s;weet Almonds are a|gain&s;t the Colick and <HI>Pare&s;is:</HI> Yea when &s;trong and irritating Cly&s;ters have been given in vain after the Belly has remained ob&s;tructed for five or &s;ix days, I have often commanded when people have been delirous in the acute&s;t Fevers, to admini&s;ter nine ounces of that oyl alone in a Cly&s;ter, where|by the hard <HI>faeces</HI> being &s;oftned and evacuated, the Belly has &s;ometimes been rendred &s;o quick after|wards as if they had drunk Hellebore or other the &s;tronge&s;t Purge, yea it has &s;till continued loofe, o|therwi&s;e than it u&s;e to do after other Cly&s;ters which (not being fatty) are injected in acute and Malignant Fevers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli Qua|drip. Botan. p. 14.</NOTE> in all which I think we &s;hould ab&s;tain from Purgers.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. That Tabaco has a vertue to purge upwards and downwards tho&s;e experience that a|gain&s;t their will &s;wallow its &s;moake. If the &s;ame &s;moak be puff'd into a gla&s;s full of Beer or Wine, it does the &s;ame: Hence an ingenious per&s;on in|&s;tead of the decoction for Cly&s;ters learned to put this &s;moak up the fundament, and happily procu|red &s;tools in all di&s;tempers where a Cly&s;ter is need|ful. Let two Pipes be filled with Tabaco after the u&s;ual manner, then light them and turn the Mouths of their Heads one upon the other; then put the &s;maller end of one up the Fundament, and holding the &s;maller end of the other in your Mouth you may blow the Smoak up into the Guts. By which artifice any one may give him&s;elf a Cly|&s;ter, and there needs not &s;uch a pother with De|coctions, &s;eeing by this Smoak Nature &s;eems to be &s;ollicited to excretion happily and readily. The Smoaks of other powders al&s;o might be injec|ted in this manner according to the nece&s;&s;ity of the urgent Di&s;ea&s;es in the Guts. <HI>T. Barthol. Cent.</HI> 6. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 66. where al&s;o a more convenient in&s;trument is de&s;cribed. A like in&s;trument may be made for the Womb, for mode&s;t Maids and Women, that they may them&s;elves, as there is occa&s;ion, either purge, alter or &s;trengthen it. <HI>Idem ibid.</HI></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. It is to be remembred here, that Cly&s;ters are not wont to have that good &s;ucce&s;s in old Men they have in young, as <HI>Sydenham (tract. de febr.)</HI> has ob&s;erved, on the account that their Nerves being weaker may ea&s;ily be hurt and re|&s;olved by Emollients:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de comp. med. ext. p. 90.</NOTE> Yet that holds not univer|&s;ally, if we regard al&s;o the &s;trengthning of the Nerves, and pre&s;cribe them not oftner than is fit|ting.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Medicines fetched from the Cla&s;s of Minerals, do far exceed other Purgers that come into the compo&s;ition of Cly&s;ters; whether we would a&s;&s;wage pains rai&s;ed from cold cau&s;es, cru|dities, <HI>flatus,</HI> Mucilaginous, Tartareous and Gritty Humours; or would expel Worms, draw forth the &s;tinking filthine&s;s and putrefaction of the Hu|mours; or would more &s;trongly purge all Hu|mours, but yet without too much heating, &s;uch as is wont to be cau&s;ed by <HI>Hierae Logadii</HI> or <HI>Pachii, dia|colocynthis, benedicta laxativa</HI> and others of this kind, which mo&s;t u&s;e to rouze up their Patients in coma|to&s;e and &s;leepy &s;ymptoms and affections, whereas the exceeding heat of the&s;e Medicines rather &s;trengthens the Di&s;ea&s;e, and fills and wearies the Brain with a greater quantity of Vapours rather than le&s;&s;ens them by &s;cattering of them. This hap|pens not in tho&s;e other Remedies, which being wholly de&s;titute of tho&s;e manife&s;t and hurtful qua|lities do put forth rather formal and &s;piritual ef|fects than material. The Medicine which I &s;peak of is <HI>crocus metallorum.</HI> If any be fearful of the&s;e Me|dicines,
<PB N="719" REF="323"> becau&s;e he has not tryed them nor under|&s;tands them, and therefore do not approve of giving them by the Mouth; yet I think he cannot be &s;o &s;tupid, as to be again&s;t the giving of them in Cly|&s;ters, e&s;pecially if he be acquainted with the very notable effects, which they perform gently indeed, but mo&s;t &s;overaignly, and in the mean while give no di&s;turbance, either by the ingrateful &s;mell of oyls, or by any thing el&s;e, as for the mo&s;t part happens in the vulgar Cly&s;ters. Their price is al|&s;o le&s;s: for half a drachm or at mo&s;t a drachm of the before-mentioned Remedy is enough, which is to be &s;teeped in four or five ounces of &s;ome convenient Water or Wine for a night or longer; and &s;o mix the clear infu&s;ion with &s;ome broth in a &s;ufficient quantity to make a Cly&s;ter. If you plea&s;e, you may keep the &s;ame infu&s;ion (made in Wine or Water) ready prepared, and &s;o make it in a large quantity, increa&s;ing the do&s;e of each: This you may keep very long and make u&s;e of it, always ob&s;erving the afore&s;aid do&s;e. In&s;tead of <HI>crocus metallorum,</HI> though not with &s;o great emolu|ment, you may u&s;e <HI>Antimony vitrificated;</HI> which yet being infu&s;ed, &s;trained and given in Cly&s;ters is le&s;s prejudicial than <HI>diaphoenicon,</HI> and is far more profita|ble and effectual than that. Experience and daily u&s;e recommend &s;uch kinds of Cly&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Querc. Ph. Dog. c. 17.</NOTE> Se <HI>Riverii prax. c. de Apopl.</HI> and others.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Co&s;meticks.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of them is hurtful. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An internal Co&s;metick of the infu&s;ion of Vipers. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;pect is to be had to the inner parts. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some are convenient for the fat and others for the lean. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Co&s;meticks are hurtful. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. CO&s;meticks corrupt the Skin, 'tis better to u&s;e none: but tho&s;e Co&s;meticks that have &s;ub|limate in them are pe&s;tiferous and deadly; for they cau&s;e a &s;tinking Breath, blackne&s;s and falling of the Teeth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Panarol. fa&s;c. 1. p. 211.</NOTE> Deafne&s;s, Stupidity, Pal&s;ie, Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, and Apoplexy.</P>
<P N="2">II. Some <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Women of the better rank (as I have it from the faithful relation of &s;ome <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Men) drink Wine wherein Vipers have been drowned, for an internal Co&s;metick to procure pulchritude of Body and beautifulne&s;s of the coun|tenance and all the Skin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwelf. Pharm. Aug. cla&s;s. 12.</NOTE> without any detriment to their health.</P>
<P N="3">III. If the Skin be &s;tained through the fault of &s;ome internal part, as the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, tho&s;e parts are to be &s;trengthned, the Concoction of the Stomach is to be helped, the &s;ordid recre|ments of the Skin are to be deterged by Baths or Stupes.</P>
<P N="4">IV. A &s;tupe is more convenient for Fat People who&s;e Skin is foul; but a Bath is fitter for the lean or &s;qualid, whether from the Sun, or from labour, or want of victuals. There is the &s;ame rea&s;on of To|picks: for, convenient for the&s;e latter are oyls or oyntments, or &s;ome water that has a deterging fa|culty, 1. the Decoction of &s;pelted Barley, or the infu&s;ion of white Bread to wa&s;h the face withal; 2. oyntments, the oyl of &s;weet Almonds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For the former, <HI>viz.</HI> &s;uch who&s;e faces look fat and moi&s;t, &s;tupes and baths that deterge and dry much are more profitable. <HI>Lignum &s;.</HI> excells others in a de|terging faculty, which will be a proper Remedy for the lean al&s;o, if Lilly roots, and white and fat Figs be added in its decoction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Women that are more curious and pretend to the greate&s;t Skill in the Co&s;metick Art, are hardly content with any cutaneous Remedies but Mercurial; wherefore the following water is com|mended for all turpitudes of the face, and is fold at a great rate by Empiricks. <HI>Take of Mercury &s;ubli|mate an ounce, being powdered put it in a Tin Ve&s;&s;el with three pints of &s;pring Water; Let them &s;tand for twenty four hours, &s;tirring them now and then with a wooden &s;patula till all the liquour look blacki&s;h, which yet being &s;trained through brown paper will look clear: let the face be gently wet with this, by a rag or feather, once in a day or two.</HI> This Medicin helps notably any cutaneous turpitude what&s;oever, namely ina&s;much as it rids away the Humours that are &s;etled within the pores and little holes be they never &s;o &s;mall, it di&s;&s;olves the inveterate and &s;tubborn combinations of the Salts or Sul|phurs, and all the Skin to which it is applied, has its pa&s;&s;ages re&s;tored by it to their due &s;hape, and it &s;elf is rendred of a good colour. Wherefore it is not only profitable for clearing the face of &s;tains or &s;pots, but al&s;o for taking away the pu&s;tules and redne&s;s thereof, and other affections there|of of the nature of <HI>Ery&s;ipelas's.</HI> Moreover it &s;ome|times happens that mo&s;t parts of the face, but e&s;|pecially the No&s;e and fore-Head, are thick befet with black &s;pecks, as if they had been burned therein with Gun-powder; which yet proceeds from hence, that the &s;weating holes are &s;ometimes filled with a thick black Humour, and &s;ometimes with little worms having black Heads (which lit|tle animals being &s;queez'd out of the pores and held up to the Sun, may be di&s;cerned to live and move them&s;elves) and when the Skin is &s;o affect|ed, no wa&s;hings or be&s;mearings do any good ex|cept Mercurial: Yet there is often pre&s;ent a too malignant &s;ting under this Honey; for the particles of the Quick-&s;ilver being applied to the Face together with the Salts whereby they are divided into tho&s;e particles and &s;harpned, do rid and drive out of the pores the offending and de|filing matter; but they follow it being driven inwards, and by and by do ea&s;ily in&s;inuate them|&s;elves into the Blood and nervous liquor, (who&s;e cra&s;es they hurt) and by their means they often imprint afterwards an indeleble virulency upon the Brain, and &s;ometimes upon the <HI>praecordia</HI> and other parts. Hence it is a frequent ob&s;er|vation that Women or Men that have long and much u&s;ed the Mercurial Co&s;metick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis opar. po&s;th. &s;ect. 3 cap. 6.</NOTE> are &s;ubject to the <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Cramps or Convul&s;ions, and Pal&s;ies, and that their Teeth are black and &s;ometimes drop out. <HI>See</HI> &sect; I.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether they are u&s;eful for a general evacuation. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are of great u&s;e to ea&s;e pain. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They do not alwayes require an intire evacuation of the whole. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is danger of a Gangrene after the application, how it is to be prevented. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The application of them upon the Liver is &s;ometimes dangerous <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They ought not to be applied to the Head when it is full. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The wonderful efficacy of dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es upon the Thighs for revul&s;ion. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The application of them is hurtful if the Blood be very &s;erous. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what means they may attract al&s;o the thicker Blood. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="720" REF="324">
<ITEM>Whether they are to be covered with a linnen Cloth, that they may attract the more &s;trongly. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cupping-gla&s;&s;es that draw by the &s;ucking of the Mouth. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether dry Cupping gla&s;&s;es be of any u&s;e to call out Maligni|ty. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The black Spots left under the Skin are no token; of Maligni|ty. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe u&s;e of <HI>Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with &s;carification</HI> is Eva|cuatory, Revul&s;ory, Derivatory and Attra|ctory. It is reputed by &s;ome to be a general Eva|cuator, &s;upplying the place of Vene&s;ection, and &s;erving to le&s;&s;en the <HI>Plethora</HI> of the whole: But I can hardly admit it this office, but with good rea|&s;on do rather a&s;&s;ent to <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> who &s;ays (<HI>l.</HI> 2) Cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es are of u&s;e, when there is a fault, not in the whole Body, but in &s;ome particular part, which part it is convenient to exhau&s;t for the con|firmation of health. <HI>Thus he.</HI> And then, A Cupping-gla&s;s is to be applied to no other part but to that which is to be Remedied. <HI>Gal. l. de hirud.</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Cupping gla&s;&s;es are profitable after the Body is evacuated; we u&s;e them not in the Plethorick.</HI> The <HI>Egyptians</HI> u&s;e not Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarification for taking away a <HI>Plethora</HI> in the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es; for they cannot &s;upply the place of Vene&s;ection, as ap|pears, 1. Becau&s;e the &s;mall extremities of the Veins and Arteries of the &s;carified part, do not &s;a|tisfie an univer&s;al evacuation;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. meth. gen &amp; part. p. 393.</NOTE> and 2. They eva|cuate only the thinner Blood, the thicker being left behind.</P>
<P N="2">II. Vulgar Phy&s;icians now a days fearing the u&s;e of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and never u&s;ing to apply them but in tho&s;e that are ready to dye, and that can by no means be recalled, have made that Remedy in|famous, whereas <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed them frequently, and perhaps as often as Vene&s;ection, as al&s;o in mo&s;t pains, and in others in whom evacuation is only de&s;igned, as in tho&s;e who have had falls. But what is it they are &s;o much afraid of? Left, &s;ay they, Humours &s;hould be drawn from all about into that part upon which 'tis fixed. But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;peaking of one that had a pain in his Hip, &s;ays, that upon fa&s;tning a Cupping-gla&s;s upon the Hip, the pain fell down into his Leg and he grew bet|ter: So far is it from drawing always to the part it is fa&s;tend upon. What therefore, did the Cup|ping gla&s;s thru&s;t down the matter in this Man? No indeed, for how could it? but drawing it from the depth to the skin and dige&s;ting it, it gave Na|ture an opportunity to thru&s;t it down the more ea|&s;ily. Is it a &s;mall matter for the Cupping-gla&s;s to draw from the part affected, that lies deep, to the Skin, unle&s;s it call the Humours thither from all a|bout? Cannot the part that was preternaturally di&s;tended, be evacuated, but as much mu&s;t be re|ceived from otherwhere? Cannot the parts &s;ub|&s;ide? Certainly they are greatly deceived; for there is no pre&s;enter Remedy in all great pains, nor any that will &s;ooner cau&s;e the matter to depart out of the part affected into &s;ome more ignoble. <HI>Hippocr.</HI> (as we may &s;ee <HI>lib. de med.</HI>) u&s;ed many, and tho&s;e differing in &s;hape according to the diver&s;ity of pains:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. l. 4. Epid.</NOTE> namely for pains that are &s;ituated deep, to make a great and &s;trong attraction there is need of the &s;trait mouthed; but of wider, for pains that are &s;pread as it were through the Skin. As for my own part, 'tis &s;eldom but I u&s;e Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, either with Scarification or without, when any parts are pained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &s;ect. 6. lib. 2 <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">id.</NOTE> and the pain yields not to gene|ral evacuation as they call it.</P>
<P N="3">III. We mu&s;t fa&s;ten the Cupping-gla&s;s after &s;uch evacuation of the whole Body has preceeded, as the Di&s;ea&s;e requires and the Patient can endure: for we mu&s;t neither come in the fir&s;t place to any Remedy that re&s;olves powerfully; nor yet mu&s;t we tarry &s;o long till the whole Body be emptied and juicele&s;s, as mo&s;t Phy&s;icians do at this day, who think no evacuation almo&s;t enough in order to the evacuation by the Cupping-gla&s;s; but we mu&s;t con&s;ider how urgent the pa&s;&s;ion of the part is: And as we admini&s;ter re&s;olving Medicines to the Body that is begun to be evacuated, and &s;tay not alway till the evacuation be ended; &s;o when the pa&s;&s;ion is urgent Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are often to be interpo&s;ed among&s;t evacuations, that the Di|&s;ea&s;e which cannot tarry for the whole evacuation, &s;eeing 'tis needful to divide it, may be Remedied by u&s;ing Vene&s;ection and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es by turns. For where the Body is not very full, or it is not the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the fluxion, we need not &s;u&s;pect that the traction will be &s;o great, that the fluxion &s;hould be moved or encrea&s;ed from the whole Bo|dy upon the part affected; for it will be enough if it be drawn from the internal &s;eat of the pain to the Skin. For to fa&s;ten them upon the Hypo|chondres, is not to fa&s;ten them upon the Liver Spleen; nor is the fa&s;tning of them upon the <HI>hypo|ga&s;trium,</HI> the fa&s;tning of them upon the Bladder or or Womb; nor if one fix them upon the Loins, does he fix them upon the Kidneys: for there are the Mu&s;cles and many other things between them: But if after Cupping-gla&s;&s;es have been applied, the pain and affluxion &s;hall return again, what will hin|der to derive again from thence by letting Blood? For in other cures,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE> when we have &s;ome way &s;a|tisfied the urgency, we return to the legitimate indications that ari&s;e from the cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="4">IV. We mu&s;t note, that if upon removing the Cupping-gla&s;s, even although the Skin be cut, yet the place &s;till appear lifted up and tumid, we mu&s;t apply it again: otherwi&s;e it might come to pa&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rub. in c. 11. l. 2. Cel&s;i.</NOTE> which &s;ometimes happens, that the Blood drawn and driven thither might cau&s;e an Inflammation, and &s;ometimes beget a Gangrene.</P>
<P N="5">V. The Story of a Courtier in <HI>Hildanus</HI> makes it plain, that the application of a Cupping gla&s;s upon the region of the Liver is dangerous: This Man bleeding much at the No&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">l. 2. de morb. &amp; l. 2. de affect.</NOTE> the Surgeon fa&s;ten'd Cupping-gla&s;&s;es upon the region of his Liver, whereupon it inflam'd, and was very hardly Reme|died.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the Quin&s;ie fa&s;tens them upon the &s;econd <HI>vertebra</HI> of the Neck, then upon the Head being fir&s;t &s;haved, and near the Ear on either &s;ide: In the Inflammation of the <HI>&V;vula</HI> he applies them behind on the &s;haved Head with Scarificati|on: In pains of the Ears, he fa&s;tens them behind the Ears, without inci&s;ion, only that they may draw: All which mu&s;t be done &s;ea&s;onably and with rea&s;on; for being applied to the Head un&s;ea&s;ona|bly, they breed Lethargies, and &s;tupors of the Bo|dy and mind, and if the Patient e&s;cape the&s;e, he falls into &s;ome continued Di&s;ea&s;e of the Head, as is delivered by <HI>Aetius (Serm.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 20.) and <HI>Rubeus.</HI> in <HI>c.</HI> 11. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>Cel&s;i.</HI> An aged Woman labouring under an inveterate Head-ach and Dimne&s;s of &s;ight, ha|ving, while her Body was foul and unpurged, cau&s;ed Cupping gla&s;&s;es to be applied, was &s;hortly after taken with a Pal&s;ie of her Arms; however &s;he recovered, but with much adoe. A Potter be|ing di&s;temper'd in like manner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus Cent. 5. ob&s;. 71.</NOTE> upon the applica|tion of them fell into a Pal&s;ie, but could never be cured.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The Wife of <HI>N.</HI> having her Terms &s;topt for three Months, was reckoned by all to be with Child; betwixt whiles crying out &s;he complained of a great pain about her <HI>Praecordia</HI> and a great dif|ficulty of Breathing, many things being admini&s;tred again&s;t Hy&s;terical fits for Fourteen dayes. The&s;e profiting little, I commanded the <HI>Saphoena</HI> of both Ankles to be opened to revel the Blood from the oppre&s;&s;ed <HI>Praecordia;</HI> but the attraction of it towards the upper Parts was &s;o great, that there flow'd not above an ounce by this pa&s;&s;age that was opened in the Feet. Wherefore rhe Sur|geon fixed &s;ix dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es on each Thigh,
<PB N="721" REF="324"> and being &s;o fa&s;ten'd he drew them from the up|permo&s;t part of the Thigh down to the Knee; in the evening he repeated the application and traction of them &s;o often, till the in&s;ide of her Thighs appeared very red through the Blood that was drawn thither. After the u&s;e of the&s;e her pains pre&s;ently &s;eem'd more mild, the following night they decrea&s;ed by degrees,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scult. Ch. Ob&s;. 85.</NOTE> and the next morning her Cour&s;es flowing they vani&s;hed wholly.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. When the Blood is not fibrous enough, 'tis very dangerous to draw it out by Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with &s;carification. <HI>Prevotius</HI> &s;aw a Girl who upon the fa&s;tning of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es in that ca&s;e, died of a pertinacious flux of Blood which could not be Remedied by Art.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhod. Cent. 3. Ob&s;. 69.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. That the thick Blood may al&s;o flow out, according to <HI>Avicen's</HI> direction <HI>(c. de vento&s;is)</HI> we mu&s;t bathe and &s;tay an hour. Wherefore in Practice this is to be ob&s;erved, that the part where the Cupping gla&s;s is to be applied, be fomented with a Sponge dipt in &s;weet warm water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac. pract. l. 6. c. 16.</NOTE> that the Blood may be attenuated and fu&s;ed.</P>
<P N="10">X. Cupping-gla&s;&s;es attract for the avoidance of a <HI>vacuum,</HI> on this manner: A piece of Tow (of Flax or Hemp) is kindled in the cavity of the Cupping-gla&s;s, then the Mouth of the gla&s;s is fa&s;ten'd upon the Body, and &s;o the flame is &s;mother'd and goes out: by and by the contained air, that was much rarefied by the flame, grows more den&s;e, and takes up le&s;&s;er room; therefore, le&s;t there &s;hould be a <HI>vacuum,</HI> the Skin mu&s;t needs be lifted up, to fill up that &s;pace that before was po&s;&s;e&s;t by the rarefied air: whence Cupping-gla&s;&s;es draw by &s;o much the more, by how much the ambient air is the colder: And tho&s;e mi&s;take who cover them with Linen Clothes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for the colder the ambient air is, the more is the included air conden&s;ed, and the more it is conden&s;ed, the le&s;s &s;pace it po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es, and &s;o the Skin that is comprehended by the mouth of the gla&s;s is rai&s;ed the higher.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Plemp. in In&s;tit.</NOTE> This rea&s;on is inge|nious indeed, but experience refutes it: Tho&s;e that have &s;tood by when Surgeons have applied Cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es do te&s;tifie, that if the ambient air be cold, they draw nothing forth, yea &s;carce rai&s;e the Skin at all: but on the contrary if the Pati|ent &s;it by an hot fire, or be diligently covered with hot cloaths, they draw effectually &amp; &s;peedily.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es drawing by the &s;uck|ing of the Mouth, &s;ee Book I. under the title of the <HI>Atrophy.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. Rea&s;on per&s;wades and daily experience de|mon&s;trates that Cupping gla&s;&s;es, not only with &s;carification, but the dry al&s;o, &s;upply the place of Vene&s;ection, for derivation and revul&s;ion, when the weakne&s;s of the &s;trength or faculties do not per|mit this latter. Dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, perform this without any lo&s;s of Spirits, for the Blood that is revelled or derived by them from any part, is only drawn for a little while into the dilated Ve&s;&s;els under the Cupping-gla&s;s, and a&s;&s;oon as the Gla&s;s is removed, it will return again by and by into the larger Veins: now in this ca&s;e the Gla&s;s chief|ly benefits, if it be removed, after the part, which is a receiving the fluxion, or has already receiv'd it, being freed from the influx of Humours, has re&s;tored it &s;elf to a better &s;tate: this, I &s;ay, is ma|nife&s;t. But it is not &s;o certain that any thing can be called out by the application of dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: For whether you place the Patient in a warm Bed covering him well, or give him a &s;trong Diaphoretick, you &s;hall thereby procure &s;weat, but by &s;uch Remedies you &s;hall not pre&s;ently draw the Morbifick matter from the Patient along with the &s;weat, however not con&s;iderably, unle&s;s it be concocted and &s;eparated from the Blood, or be nearly di&s;po&s;ed for &s;eparation. Although tho&s;e things which being taken inwardly provoke &s;weat, have a faculty al&s;o to &s;eparate tho&s;e things that are foreign, from the Blood; yet they produce not &s;uch an effect being given at any time or after any manner, but only when given in convenient circum&s;tances, without which they hurt more than benefit: That the like happens about Cupping-gla&s;&s;es I think can hardly be doubted; when <HI>flatus</HI> afflict, dry Cupping gla&s;&s;es being applied bring &s;ud|den benefit; for &s;eeing <HI>flatus</HI> are freed from the mix|ture of other Humours, they are not hindred from pa&s;&s;ing out through the open pores of the parts that lie under the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: but &s;uch things as are mixt with the Blood, although together with it they fill the Blood-ve&s;&s;els expanded under the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, yet they for&s;ake not their com|panion in who&s;e embraces they are &s;traitly detain|ed, but a&s;&s;oon as the Gla&s;&s;es are removed they re|turn with the Blood into the larger ve&s;&s;els, unle&s;s through the vehemence of the attraction, the ca|pillary ve&s;&s;els being opened, and the very &s;ub&s;tance of the Fle&s;h gaping, they &s;tick with the Blood in the <HI>rimulae</HI> of the Fle&s;h or Skin, their return into the ve&s;&s;els being &s;topt after that tho&s;e upon ta|king off the gla&s;&s;es have re&s;tored them&s;elves to their former &s;ituation, and then the extrava&s;ated Humour concreting, it &s;tains the Skin with black or livid &s;pots (of which in the following &s;ection.) If therefore the malignant particles be exactly mixed with the Blood, and be not ea&s;ily &s;epara|ble from it, dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are applied in vain: If they be &s;eparated, or be nearly di&s;po|&s;ed to &s;eparation, in my opinion 'tis better to ad|mini&s;ter diaphoreticks inwardly, and outwardly to u&s;e gentle frictions: By the former Remedy the poi&s;onous infection is not cleared from any particular portion of the Blood, but from its whole ma&s;s; and by the latter not any particle of the Skin, but the whole habit of the Body is prepared to yield a ready exit to the poi&s;on: both of them benefit without any trouble to the Patient, or lo&s;s of his &s;trength. But with a porti|on of the Blood to call out a &s;mall part of the poi|&s;onous infection to certain places, that it may re|turn back again with the Blood into the Ve&s;&s;els, I &s;ee not what benefit can accrew from hence with re&s;pect to the Malignity, who&s;e expul&s;ion is here chiefly &s;ought: But I am only certain that the Pa|tient is vexed with an incommodious &s;ituation of his body and a di&s;traction of his fle&s;h and skin, e&s;|pecially when many Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are applied at once. But when the matter that partakes of Ma|lignity is a &s;eparating from the Blood, or already &s;eparated, the ways by which it is ca&s;t forth are very rightly loo&s;ened, whether &s;uch relaxation be by Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, or by anointings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The <HI>Serum,</HI> in which the poi&s;on is chiefly lodged, is always fitly ca&s;t forth by Ve&s;icatories, not only becau&s;e the&s;e open the pores of the Skin and of the glands that lie next under it; but becau&s;e by their volatile Salt they attempt a &s;eparation of the <HI>Serum</HI> from the Blood. Some will object, That in malignant Fevers the Patient has pre&s;ently ma|nife&s;t relief upon the application of dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es? I an&s;wer, that that often happens, not in re|&s;pect of the Malignity that is called out, but by rea&s;on of the revul&s;ion of the Humours from the in|ner parts, the oppre&s;&s;ion whereof is &s;u&s;pended for a time, and the Patient gets lei&s;ure to recruit him&s;elf and to recollect his Spirits, that he may thence forward more &s;trongly bear up again&s;t the fluxion: and that Remedy is chiefly convenient, when the weakne&s;s of the faculties hindreth re|vul&s;ion or derivation by vene&s;ection: and on this account Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are called the Deputies of Vene&s;ection,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Bayle probl. Med. 15.</NOTE> e&s;pecially when they are appli|ed with &s;carification. Cupping-gla&s;&s;es may be al|&s;o profitable on other accounts, though they draw none of the poi&s;onous infection away.</P>
<P N="12">XII. If dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es be applied with a large flame, there mu&s;t needs be a &s;trong at|traction, as they commonly &s;peak, or rather a
<PB N="722" REF="325"> compul&s;ion of the Humours becau&s;e of the Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and the fle&s;h mu&s;t be rai&s;ed into a great Tumour under the Gla&s;&s;es, and thereupon the Skin mu&s;t be vehemently di&s;tended, and the capillary Ve&s;&s;els &s;pread through it di&s;tracted, and their Mouths loo&s;ened, their Sides broken, the Blood contained in them poured out, and when it is out of the Ve&s;&s;els, contract a blackne&s;s; &s;eeing in a warm place, by the contact of the Air, by little and little it coagulates: The&s;e things happen not only to the Sick, but to the mo&s;t Healthful. There|fore the blacki&s;h Spots that are bred of the Blood poured out in this manner under the Skin, do not denote the malignity, but the &s;trong drawing of the Gla&s;&s;es, by u&s;ing a great flame. Neverthele&s;s tho&s;e Spots are more ea&s;ily rai&s;ed in &s;ome, through the thinne&s;s of their Blood, the &s;oftne&s;s of their Ve&s;&s;els, the laxity of the Parts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of which the Phy&s;ician ought to judge from the different Circum&s;tances.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Probl. 14.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The <HI>Diet</HI> of Sick Per&s;ons in general.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whence the in&s;titution of Diet is to be taken. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e a more liberal Diet is not al|ways to be allowed. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be wor&s;e to offend in a thin, or a thick Diet. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Solid Meat in a &s;mall quantity is not the &s;ame with Spoon-meat in a great. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether detraction of Meat be therefore nece&s;&s;ary, becau&s;e there is a nece&s;&s;ity of evacuation. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch Diet is to be pre&s;cribed before the <HI>Cri&s;is. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Diet mu&s;t be thinner and thinner. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be wor&s;e to offend in Meat or Drink. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether, where there are many corrupt Humours, there be need of much Aliment. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the number of Meals regard is to be had to cu&s;tom. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A more liberal Diet is not pre&s;ently to be granted to tho&s;e who have &s;u&s;tained &s;ome evacuation. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not depart altogether from the accu&s;tomed Diet. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the univer&s;al beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ometimes a thinner Diet, and in the &s;tate a fuller is convenient. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nexious Aliments (e&s;pecially if craved) &s;ometimes help. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their emendation for the u&s;e of tho&s;e that cannot ab&s;tain from &s;uch Aliments. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of Di&s;ea&s;es is not to be expected from Diet alone without other Remedies. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yet it alone &s;ometimes &s;uffices for the cure of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time the Pain is more trouble&s;ome, Meat is not to be given. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Pti&s;an</HI> be the be&s;t Diet of all. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not alike good for all Sick Per&s;ons. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What water is be&s;t. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its Vertues. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it moves excreation. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it is bilious. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its hurts when given un&s;ea&s;onably. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether raw or boiled water be be&s;t. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eggs</HI> are not good in fluid Affections. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The eating of <HI>Fi&s;h</HI> is not always to be rejected. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;tillation of <HI>Fle&s;h</HI> is unfit for Nutrition. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to prepare <HI>Re&s;toratives. XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Emul&s;ions</HI> alone &s;upply not the place of Aliments. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fructus horarii</HI> are mo&s;t whol&s;om when eaten actually cold. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be whol&s;om to eat <HI>Fruits. XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be whol&s;om to eat <HI>Olera</HI> and Herbs. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or Salads. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Wine does not dry. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Water is good to drink in a drying Diet. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Snow-water</HI> is not alwayes unwhol&s;om. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A crowd of People is to be kept out of the Patients Chamber. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Patient's <HI>Linen</HI> is to be changed often. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;pect is to be had to the foregoing life and cu&s;tom of the Sick. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefits of Sleep procured by Art. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THere are two chief Scopes upon which the Eyes of the Phy&s;ician are fixed, The <HI>Fa|culty,</HI> and the <HI>Di&s;ea&s;e;</HI> the former requires to be pre&s;erved, the latter to be removed: the Faculty requires Meat, by which it &s;elf is pre&s;erved, but the Di&s;ea&s;e encrea&s;ed; the Di&s;ea&s;e requires Reme|dies, whereby the Faculty is weakened. But becau&s;e the Bu&s;ine&s;s cannot be done without both, a Diet is to be found out with Method, whereby the Patient may hold out till the cri&s;is of the Di|&s;ea&s;e. Now it is clear that the more Meat a man needs, the le&s;s can be bear the &s;ubtraction of it: And that one man &s;tands more in need of Meat than another, happens either from the <HI>Di&s;ea&s;e,</HI> or from the <HI>Man,</HI> or from <HI>Externals:</HI> And in the <HI>Di&s;ea&s;e</HI> it &s;elf, either from its <HI>Con&s;titution,</HI> or its <HI>Species:</HI> From the <HI>Con&s;titution,</HI> becau&s;e the longer it will be, the thicker Diet is nece&s;&s;ary, namely that it may &s;uf|fice for many days. Therefore he that would pre|&s;cribe a right Diet to his Patients, mu&s;t learn the Art of foreknowing the con&s;titution of every Di|&s;ea&s;e; and then mu&s;t know al&s;o, that the longer the Di&s;ea&s;e is like to be, he mu&s;t be the more indulgent from the beginning: Otherwi&s;e than improvident Phy&s;icians do, who having no fore&s;ight of future things, and ob&s;erving that in acute Di|&s;ea&s;es the Faculty is &s;ooner and greatlier affected, and urged with more frequent Symptoms, being afraid of the Faculty, begin pre&s;ently to cram their Patients: and on the contrary, in the begin|ning of Chronical Di&s;tempers being affrighted with no Symptoms, and &s;eeing but a &s;mall di&s;&s;olution of the Faculties, they dare too much extenuate the Diet: And afterwards, when they &s;ee the Di&s;ea&s;es continue longer than they had reckoned upon, fearing the length of Ab&s;tinence, they are forced to encrea&s;e the Diet; fir&s;t indeed by the &s;ubtraction &s;uffering the Faculties to be debilitated before the time, and then by the addition hindring the con|coction of the Humours. Whereas they &s;hould do on the contrary; I mean, in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e they &s;hould allow a fuller Diet, but when concoction is proceeding and the Di&s;ea&s;e pa&s;|&s;ing to a <HI>cri&s;is,</HI> they &s;hould withdraw it by degrees, with the &s;ame &s;wiftne&s;s whereby the duration of the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf is contracted: For tho&s;e parts of the Di&s;ea&s;e wherein the concoctions do more em|ploy Nature, do more forbid a full Diet: There|fore becau&s;e of the alterations of the Humours the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es (when Nature has not yet entred upon concoction) permit to give more meat than their increa&s;ings, and the&s;e than their heights. Nor mu&s;t we act as we have &s;aid, only becau&s;e of the concoction of the Humours, but in re&s;pect to the Faculty it &s;elf, becau&s;e this is in &s;o much the greater danger by &s;ubtracting Victuals in the begin|ning than afterwards, by how much the more re|mains to be tran&s;acted. The Faculty therefore alone requires that Meat &s;hould be granted: but as for its quantity, that is &s;hewn not only by the Faculty, but al&s;o by the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e; which indicates it, not indeed for it &s;elf, as begging, but for the Faculty, and permitting. From the <HI>Species</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e al&s;o there is &s;ome indication of the quantity of Meat; for &s;eeing Meat is given for the Faculties &s;ake, Di&s;ea&s;es do by &s;o much require the more Victuals to be allowed, by how much the &s;tronger in their own nature they require the Fa|culty to be, that they may be overcome: And the le&s;s the Parts affected can endure Meat, the le&s;s they permit it to be given. Therefore in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es who&s;e matter is within the <HI>Thorax,</HI> we mu&s;t &s;ometimes be more free in our allowance, than when the Natural in&s;truments are filled with Ex|crements,
<PB N="723" REF="325"> becau&s;e in tho&s;e not only the Natural but the Animal Faculties al&s;o are defective: If therefore you let tho&s;e who are &s;o affected, lan|gui&s;h too much through the withdrawing of Vi|ctuals, it will come to pa&s;s that though the matter be concocted, yet they will die, only by not being able to cough it up. For this cau&s;e 'tis clear that more Victuals &s;hould be allowed the&s;e; but for tho&s;e that labour under Di&s;ea&s;es of the Hypochon|dres and other Parts, le&s;s: And among&s;t the&s;e the lea&s;t is to be given to tho&s;e who&s;e Di&s;temper lies in their Stomach, becau&s;e &s;eeing the Part affected it &s;elf is to work the fir&s;t and greate&s;t change of the Meat, and to &s;truggle with it when it is mo&s;t crude, it is clear that it will be the mo&s;t hurt by Meat. The&s;e are the Indications from the <HI>Di&s;ea&s;e;</HI> In the <HI>Man</HI> him&s;elf there are two things which indicate the quantity, his <HI>Nature</HI> and <HI>Cu&s;tom:</HI> For tho&s;e who have much natural heat, the &s;ame need much Food, and are &s;oon brought low by a little; and there|fore in Sickne&s;s the le&s;s is to be withdrawn from them: but from the contrary, more. Now tho&s;e are &s;oon brought low by a &s;mall allowance, in whom the Faculty of altering Meat is &s;trong; be|cau&s;e &s;eeing that Faculty is natural, and cannot cea&s;e when there is matter pre&s;ent to act upon, when but a little Victuals is allowed, it parches the Excrements which mu&s;t needs be in &s;ome quan|tity in the Publick Work-hou&s;es, by which by and by the &s;ub&s;tance of the Body is parched and melted, and the Meat it &s;elf being &s;o little, in&s;tead of being concocted, is corrupted and vitiated. The di&s;&s;ipation of the &s;ub&s;tance in Children requires al|&s;o much Meat. Likewi&s;e great re&s;pect is to be had to the <HI>Cu&s;tom,</HI> nor is that ever to be changed in &s;ickne&s;s, or in health, but by little and little, and when a man is unemployed. Which the generality of Phy&s;icians not con&s;idering, allow the &s;ame Diet to all their Patients. <HI>External</HI> cau&s;es are al&s;o to be con&s;idered, as of Time, to which the difference of Countreys is like:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 1. c. 6.</NOTE> Thus the Winter and Spring make Mens bellies the hotter, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. The variation of the quantity of Meat is ne|ce&s;&s;ary, both in regard of the alteration of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and al&s;o of the different &s;trength of the Faculty. For 'tis con&s;onant to rea&s;on, that le&s;s &s;hould then be allowed when the Di&s;ea&s;e is greater: So in the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es, when the Patients are however the more moderate, more Victuals may be allowed; but in the &s;tate, becau&s;e of the vehemence of the Symptoms, 'tis clear that nothing &s;hould be given. Yet 'tis doubtful, whether we may always in the beginning of any Di&s;ea&s;e, be the more liberal in our allowance? I An&s;wer, That it is not always true, but while the Body is affected with no other morbous <HI>apparatus:</HI> for if the fir&s;t re|gion be foul, or there be crudity, a thinner man|ner of Diet is better, till the crudity be overcome and &s;pent by the &s;parene&s;s of Diet; and <HI>Cel&s;us</HI>'s coun&s;el holds, The beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es do in the fir&s;t place require hunger and thir&s;t. Let <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> be con&s;ulted, <HI>Lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de vict. Acut. t.</HI> 32, 42. and 45. For both of them &s;uppo&s;e that never any lived &s;o moderately and &s;paringly, but that he takes &s;ome|what more than is fitting, &s;o that there remains &s;omething that is crude or excrementous: in re&s;pect whereof in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;parene&s;s of Diet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Prae&s;id. Me|dic. lib. 1. c. 1.</NOTE> We mu&s;t al&s;o take heed of the beginnings of all Inflammations, e&s;pecially of the principal Parts, and of tho&s;e which have a Fluxion joyned with them, wherein we mu&s;t allow le&s;s in the beginning, and more when the Mouth begins to fill with Phlegm: for you erre very much if in the beginning you allow much Meat, as we find when the Humours are turgent, which &s;uddenly pa&s;s into a Phren&s;ie, whence the Di&s;ea&s;e will per|haps la&s;t longer than the &s;trength through the ab|&s;tinence in the beginning can hold out.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Whether is it better to offend in too thin or too full a Diet? I di&s;tingui&s;h (with <HI>Mercurialis</HI>) be|twixt the Do&s;e of Meat in re&s;pect of its virtue, and that in re&s;pect of its bulk; and an&s;wer, If one offend in a thin Diet in re&s;pect of its virtue, that is certainly a greater fault than if he offended in a fuller, becau&s;e the Faculties being once ca&s;t down through want of &s;u&s;tenance, can hardly be recruited: But with re&s;pect to the bulk, 'tis far wor&s;e to erre in a full Diet than in a &s;pare, becau&s;e more Victuals being thrown in than is fitting makes the Di&s;ea&s;e, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> writes; for there are more Excrements bred; whence there is not only afforded food for Putrefaction, but the Native heat is al&s;o dulled and the preternatural increa&s;ed: Moreover Nature, which ought to be wholly employed in concocting the morbid Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t. Exercit. de Febr. iv. qu. 4.</NOTE> is wholly called off from that work to the Meat to the very great prejudice of the Patients. &para; Seeing we cannot always come to &s;o clear an under&s;tanding of the Faculty, as from thence to pre&s;cribe a ju&s;t form of Diet, and Patients u&s;e otherwi&s;e to offend in this matter, it is queried, <HI>Whether be the greater errour, that, when too full a Diet is allowed; or that, when one too &s;pare?</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Aph. 5.</NOTE> But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> re|&s;olves this, &s;aying, That the errours which are in any manner committed in a thin Diet, are wor&s;e than if they had been in a little too full: For ma|ny things may happen in the Patient beyond ex|pectation, as &s;udden watchings and too great eva|cuations, Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, whereby the &s;trength of the Patient may be ca&s;t down, &s;o that he cannot hold out to the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e with this form of Diet: wherefore when the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e is approaching, 'tis then nece&s;&s;ary to change the Diet, and to allow it a little fuller, which yet is very in|convenient, becau&s;e through a fuller Diet, Nature is called off from her fight again&s;t the Morbifick matter to the concoction of the Aliment. From all which 'tis clear, that 'tis &s;afer to allow a too full than too &s;pare a Diet; though, as to the quantity, we mu&s;t rather look to &s;ubtract. Which being ob|&s;erved, the two places in <HI>Hippocrates</HI> which &s;eem to contradict one the other, may be ea&s;ily reconciled: the one is 2. <HI>de Vict. rat. Acut.</HI> where he &s;ays, <HI>We mu&s;t much le&s;s intend the addition of Meats, but it is often altoge|ther expedient to &s;ubtract:</HI> And the other 1 <HI>Aph.</HI> 5. <HI>Sick Per&s;ons offend in a thin Diet, whereby they come to be more hurt, ina&s;much as any errour here is wont to be wor&s;e than in a little too full a Diet.</HI> For in the former place <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;peaks of the <HI>quantity,</HI> in which the &s;ame form of Diet being ob&s;erved it is always better for us to be more &s;paring: but in the latter he &s;peaks of the <HI>form</HI> of Diet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. in&s;tit. lib. 5. p. 2. Sect. 3 c. 3.</NOTE> which if it be thinner than it &s;hould be, it brings greater inconveniences than if it were a little too full.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Some have thought that it is the &s;ame thing in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es to give a little of &s;ome more &s;o|lid and &s;tronger Meat, as to give &s;uch a quantity of &s;ome thinner Spoon meat, as yields &s;o much nou|ri&s;hment as the little &s;olid Meat that is taken in its room. But their opinion is refuted by <HI>Hippocrates, (Lib. de Veter. Medic. v.</HI> 91.) <HI>Who&s;oever,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>take dry Meat, Ha&s;ty-pudding or Bread, although but very little, they are ten times more, and more manife&s;tly hurt, than if they had u&s;ed Spoon meat, for no other rea&s;on, but becau&s;e of the &s;trength of the Victuals in re&s;pect to the Di&s;ea&s;e, and in re&s;pect to him for whom it is convenient to &s;up, but not to eat.</HI> Here <HI>Hippocrates</HI> manife&s;tly affirms, that when we eat &s;omething that is &s;tronger than the condition of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and the nature of the Patient require, it always does harm; though in a &s;mall quantity it does le&s;s harm than in a greater. Which I would have common Practi&s;ers to note, who u&s;e &s;o readily to allow both Bread and Fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. in dict. loc.</NOTE> and other &s;olid food in acute Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="5">V. Whether is Meat therefore to be detracted, becau&s;e there is a nece&s;&s;ity to evacuate the Body? I an&s;wer, Though Meats are taken to recruit the Blood that is contained in the Veins, yet the Blood
<PB N="724" REF="326"> that is &s;tored up in the Veins takes not away the nece&s;&s;ity of eating afre&s;h; otherwi&s;e Athletick Per|&s;ons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;hould need no Meat, but might belong pre&s;erved without eating, which they cannot: Their Bodies namely, for retaining their &s;trength, need &s;ome profitable juyce for the nouri&s;hment of the &s;olid Parts, and fre&s;h Meat and Drink for the recruit of the Spirits, otherwi&s;e they faint in their Mind and all their Faculties, though they are full of Humours. 'Tis not therefore becau&s;e evacuation is needful, that there is no need of Meat; nay per|haps &s;ometimes there will be need of gro&s;&s;er Meat, that the Faculty may &s;u&s;tain the Di&s;ea&s;e and the Evacuation. It would be &s;trange if you &s;hould bid your Patient eat nothing becau&s;e he mu&s;t be let Blood; for by this means he will come to langui&s;h before &s;o much is evacuated as is expedient. What is that therefore which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, (<HI>Lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de Vict. Acut. t.</HI> 19?) <HI>Who&s;oever u&s;e Barley-broths in the&s;e Di|&s;ea&s;es, let them not permit their Ve&s;&s;els to be emptied one day, as I may &s;ay, but let them u&s;e them without intermi&s;&s;ion, un|le&s;s it be convenient to intermit them either for a Purge or for a Cly&s;ter.</HI> Certainly it is not convenient, that that meat which is fitting for the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;hould be let alone even for one day, unle&s;s &s;ome other thing intervene which may cau&s;e an intermi&s;&s;ion; as if at the hour the Patient was to Dine, there unexpe|ctedly happen a rigor or chilne&s;s through the be|ginning of another inva&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, it is ma|nife&s;t that Dinner is to be omitted for that time: So if, when as the Patient u&s;ed daily to eat at Noon, &s;ome certain day he takes a Purge, he mu&s;t be dieted on that day, not as he was wont, but as the Purgation indicates. The &s;ame thing may hap|pen when a Cly&s;ter is to be u&s;ed, namely when the former meat is not de&s;cended, the di&s;po&s;i|tion requireth that the Cly&s;ter be injected and meat intermitted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in praed. lo|cum, pag. 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. When the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> is at hand, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> withdraws Spoon-meat, le&s;t Nature be diverted from her work and the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> hindred. But becau&s;e by a <HI>Cri&s;is Hippocrates</HI> commonly under&s;tands any &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and not only that which is made to health &s;uddenly and with &s;ome &s;en&s;ible evacuation, Spoon-meat is not to be withdrawn before every <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> but only in that which happens by the means of &s;ome &s;en&s;ible evacuation, which he intimates a little after, <HI>if the Patient be di&s;turbed:</HI> For when there happens a di&s;turbance upon the Di&s;ea&s;es proceeding to its highe&s;t vigour, then there is to be expected a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> with a &s;en&s;ible evacuation, according to <HI>Aphor.</HI> 13.2. From which opinion of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> there may be ea&s;ily gathered a rea&s;on why in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t 'tis convenient to encrea&s;e Spoon-meat about the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> namely becau&s;e in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es there is no <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> that has a di&s;turbance preceding it, and indicating a &s;udden <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> with &s;en&s;ible eva|cuation, &s;eeing the matter is brought out by lit|tle and little by &s;pitting, which Spoon-meat will not hinder, yea it will further it, both by moi&s;ten|ing the Parts of the Brea&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in v. 138. V. Acut.</NOTE> and al&s;o by &s;trengthning the Faculty.</P>
<P N="7">VII. There are different opinions whether the rea&s;on or manner of Diet &s;hould proceed by <HI>incra&s;|fating,</HI> or <HI>extenuating.</HI> I &s;hall make appear which is the true&s;t by two Conclu&s;ions: The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> is, When the Di&s;ea&s;e is known, is &s;imple, and the Faculty &s;trong, the indication being taken from the Di&s;ea&s;e, if that keep the matter for one critical evacuation, the rea&s;on or manner of Diet ought to proceed by extenuating: The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e all the times fall in together; for the Di&s;ea&s;e, when it is in the beginning, &s;tate, augment, as to the alte|ration of the matter, is in the beginning as to its E&s;&s;ence and as to its Symptoms. Seeing there|fore the Di&s;ea&s;e and Symptoms are le&s;s in the be|ginning, and greater in the augment, and yet more vehement in the &s;tate, the indication being taken from the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, we mu&s;t &s;eed more fully in the beginning, more &s;paringly in the augment, and the mo&s;t thinly of all in the &s;tate. The <HI>&s;econd</HI> Con|clu&s;ion is, When the Di&s;ea&s;e keeps not the matter from the beginning, but that begins to be Purged out by degrees, the manner of Diet ought not to proceed by extenuating, but by incra&s;&s;ating: The rea&s;on is, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is in the augment, or in the &s;tate as to the alteration of the matter, the Patient hath now e&s;caped the danger, and the Di|&s;ea&s;e hath had a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> becau&s;e it is in its declina|tion as to its e&s;&s;ence and as to its Symptoms: Therefore the Patient is to be dieted more fully then than before. But, How can the Di&s;ea&s;e be in its augment, or &s;tate as to the alteration of the matter, and not as to its E&s;&s;ence and Symptoms, &s;eeing the coction that is made in the Veins par|takes of Putrefaction, and is like to that which happens in Inflammations, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>De Diff. febr.</HI> 5. therefore if the Putrefaction be increa|&s;ed, the Di&s;ea&s;e with the Symptoms will be increa|&s;ed al&s;o? I an&s;wer, In the internal cau&s;e, which be|gins, cheri&s;hes and increa&s;es the Di&s;ea&s;e, two things are to be con&s;idered, the <HI>quality</HI> and <HI>quantity;</HI> The fir&s;t is acrimony, heat, or an evil quality ari&s;ing from Putrefaction and Corruption; the &s;econd is either the &s;ame and equal, or is greater and le&s;&s;er. Quality alone cannot bring on a determinate Di|&s;temper without a certain quantity, and the greater this is, the greater is its effect, becau&s;e there is no Agent &s;o prevalent that can impre&s;s its effect with|out a certain quantity; hence a &s;park of fire warms not, much le&s;s burns. From this cau&s;e although in the augment and &s;tate the quality of the cau&s;e be &s;trengthened as to the alteration of the matter, yet &s;eeing the quantity is dimini&s;hed, it cannot make the Di&s;ea&s;e greater than it was before through the defect of the quantity. You will <HI>object</HI> 1. The more the Di&s;ea&s;e recurrs, the fuller Diet we mu&s;t u&s;e, becau&s;e the Faculty being made weaker by the Di&s;ea&s;e and the Remedies, &s;eems the more to be recruited. I <HI>an&s;wer,</HI> 'Tis true that the Faculty is weakened in the Progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e; yet if the Diet be pre&s;cribed as it ought, then in a Di|&s;ea&s;e which terminates in health the Faculty is al|ways &s;uperiour to the Di&s;ea&s;e; for, that the Di|&s;ea&s;e may not encrea&s;e with greatne&s;s of Symptoms, we permit the Faculties to be a little di&s;&s;olved, becau&s;e we mu&s;t not provide only for the Faculty, but al&s;o for the Di&s;ea&s;e. You will <HI>object</HI> 2. In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e there is greater plenty of crude and rebellious Humour, therefore a thinner Diet is then convenient, that Nature may not be diverted from the concoction of the morbifick matter that is crude and untamed. I <HI>an&s;wer,</HI> in the augment and &s;tate the Faculty is more hindred than in the beginning, for the heat and acrimony of the Humour, now boiling and rarefied, irritates more, and therefore Nature being provoked u&s;es greater endeavour than in the beginning, and there|fore is not to be diverted from that work. You will <HI>object</HI> 3. from <HI>Aph.</HI> 1.11. In the beginning of a Fit the Patient ought to ab&s;tain from Meat, and there|fore he is to be more &s;paringly dieted in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e al&s;o, if there be the &s;ame rea&s;on of general and particular times. I <HI>an&s;wer,</HI> That there is great di&s;parity between them, for in the general or univer&s;al beginning the Di&s;ea&s;e and Symptoms are always le&s;s, but in the parti|cular greater, for it is the wor&s;t time of all the Period, and therefore the more unfit for giving of Meat. <HI>Obj.</HI> 4. In an unknown Di&s;ea&s;e, according to <HI>Avicen,</HI> we mu&s;t &s;horten or thin the Diet; but the Di&s;ea&s;e is le&s;s known in the beginning. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> The Conclu&s;ion is to be under&s;tood of a known Di&s;ea&s;e, for when it is not known, a due regiment cannot be pre&s;cribed: but if it be known in the beginning we mu&s;t feed more freely, and afterwards more &s;pa|ringly. <HI>Obj.</HI> 5. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>de Vict. Acut. t.</HI> 21. where he treats of the Pleuri&s;ie and acute Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;ays,
<PB N="725" REF="326"> Neither much nor thick Spoon-meat is to be offered in the beginning: And <HI>Text.</HI> 23. If the Mouth, &s;ays he, wax moi&s;t, and there appear an evident and perfect concoction, the quantity of the Spoon-meat is to be encrea&s;ed. <HI>An&s;w. Hippocrates</HI> di&s;cour&s;es there of a moi&s;t Pleuri&s;ie, in which the matter is purged out by degrees, in which ca&s;e the Diet &s;hould be fuller and fuller. If you &s;ay that every Pleuri&s;ie does not terminate in a gradual evacuation, &s;eeing it often ends Critically, as in <HI>Anaxion, tertio Epid.</HI> 3.79. who was twice cured by a Critical Sweat. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> 1. <HI>Anaxion</HI> labour'd under a double Di&s;ea&s;e, one from the Humour contained in the Veins, (and from thence the Fever &s;prang) of which he was cured by the Sweat; the other from the Humour &s;etled in the <HI>Pleura,</HI> who&s;e <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> was by &s;pitting. 2. In the Pleuri&s;ie and all internal Inflammations, a mo&s;t thin Diet is convenient in the beginning, that the Fluxion may be &s;topped which will give an encrea&s;e to the Inflammation; for the Parts through Ab&s;tinence becoming needy, they re|tain their Humours, and &s;uffer them not to flow together to the Part affected: But when there begins to be an Expurgation, a fuller Diet mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ex Zacut. P. M. H. pag. m. 349. Hi&s;t. 50.</NOTE> that the Patient may cough up ea|&s;ily, and his animal Faculty, which it needs, may be &s;trengthened.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Whether is it wor&s;e to offend in Meat or in Drink? <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> an&s;wers, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 2. <HI>Often if there be any intemperance in the ca&s;e, 'tis wor&s;e in Drinking than in Eating.</HI> Rea&s;on confirms it, 1. Becau&s;e the immo|deratene&s;s of Drink is commonly greater, &s;eeing drinking does much burthen the Belly. 2. Becau&s;e Drinking is more oppo&s;ite to the innate heat, and by its plenty the heat is &s;ooner extingui&s;ht than by Meat, like fire. 3. Much Drink is not conco|ctible, and it is hardly &s;uperable by Nature, yea it is an hindrance why the Aliments are not conco|cted, becau&s;e it is mixed with them, and makes them &s;lippery before concoction: Hence it comes to pa&s;s that the more men ab&s;tain from Drink, the more healthful they live, and le&s;s liable to Di&s;ea&s;es: but through immoderate moi&s;ture a man is greatly &s;ubject to Di&s;ea&s;es from Putrefaction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. Hi&s;t. p. 544.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Galen (Aphor.</HI> 17.1.) intending to cure cor|ruption of Humours, the Faculties being weak, has the&s;e words: <HI>If the Faculties of the Sick Per&s;on be weak, and that di&s;po&s;ition which is in the Body, be from corruption, or defect of Humours, we will give to &s;uch a little &s;u&s;te|nance and often: little indeed, becau&s;e the weakne&s;s of the Faculties cannot &s;u&s;tain the whole multitude of the Ali|ment together; but often, becau&s;e the Di&s;po&s;ition needs many things, ina&s;much as the defect requires addition, and the corruption contemperation.</HI> By which words he affirms that corruption of Humours requires many Meats, and that it may be corrected and cured by them. This Doctrine &s;eems to be contrary to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> (Aph. 10.2.) <HI>The more you nouri&s;h foul Bodies, the more you hurt them:</HI> And 7 <HI>Aph.</HI> 67. <HI>If any give Meat to one in a Fever, 'tis Strength indeed to the healthful, but a Di&s;ea&s;e to the &s;ick.</HI> Solve the contradiction by &s;aying, When the Faculty langui&s;hes, Dieting may be propo&s;ed two ways, either with evacuation, or without it: this latter way it is not granted according to <HI>Aph.</HI> 10. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2. But with evacuation frequent eat|ing is pre&s;cribed as profitable and nece&s;&s;ary, for the corruption needs many things, that is, addi|tion of Meats, becau&s;e in&s;tead of the vicious that ought to be evacuated, that which is profitable ought often to be put into its place by allowing Aliment; which curing of the vicious Humour Phy&s;icians call <HI>Epicra&s;is.</HI> Or &s;ay, That the Cure by <HI>Epicra&s;is</HI> may al&s;o be effected by Aliments, and refri|gerating and moi&s;tening Medicines, that can dull the edge of the acrimonious and biting Humours: which &s;eeing they are temperate (called by the Greeks <HI>Epicera&s;tica</HI>) do blunt the acrimony of the Humours, drive away Putrefaction, are rightly concocted, recruit the Faculties and are in no wi&s;e corrupted, e&s;pecially if their quantity be le&s;&s;ened, otherwi&s;e they increa&s;e it; for <HI>Galen</HI> (2. <HI>Simpl. c.</HI> 12, 13 and 14.) teacheth, that when acrimonious Hu|mours abound, temperate Aliments do not mitigate their biting, but they are rather corrupted: yet on the contrary, if their abundance be evacuated; they contemperate them, becau&s;e they are not then corrupted by them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Med Princ. lib. 2. Hi&s;t. 91.</NOTE> &s;eeing they are the more pre|vailing.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (2. <HI>de Vict. Acut. t.</HI> 24 <HI>&amp;</HI> 25.) &s;aith, that tho&s;e who are wont to make two Meals aday, if they dine not, are made weak and infirm, and are affected with many Symptoms, even when in a &s;tate of Health: Hence he concludes, <HI>&agrave; majori,</HI> If &s;uch things come to pa&s;s in the healthful through the unaccu&s;tomed omi&s;&s;ion of a Meal in the middle of the day, what &s;hall we think mu&s;t happen to &s;ick Per&s;ons? Phy&s;icians therefore erre, who af|ter they have &s;tarv'd the Patient for many dayes, do &s;uddenly again recruit him, again&s;t the Apho|ri&s;m, <HI>To empty or to fill much and &s;uddenly,</HI> &amp;c.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle. comm. in lib. citat. p. 69.</NOTE> <HI>is dangerous.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. The Prudence of the Ancients is to be con&s;ider'd about the Diet of debilitated Per|&s;ons, who gave a little thin food to the new|ly Purged, or to &s;uch as had otherwi&s;e been exhau&s;ted of their own accord: So <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>Epid.</HI> dur&s;t give to one taken with a <HI>cholera,</HI> no|thing but thin Gruel made of Flowr and Water. Otherwi&s;e than the vulgar Phy&s;icians do, who al|low a great deal of gro&s;s food with Wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in cit. loc. p. 469.</NOTE> as if that which hath been &s;pent in many dayes, they would re&s;tore in one.</P>
<P N="12">XII. It happened that a Countrey-fellow that was taken with a very acute Fever, being brought to the Ho&s;pital could hardly be cured by D. <HI>Gisbertus</HI> with any Remedies: At length when he was even ready to dye, he askt him whether he de&s;ir'd any thing, what kind of Diet he had u&s;ed formerly? He an&s;wer'd that he wholly loath'd that Meat and Drink, Syrups, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and that his Bed was too &s;oft: that he had u&s;ed to feed upon Onions, Chee&s;e; Fle&s;h of hard concoction; and to &s;leep in the open Air with his Cloaths on. Then D. <HI>Gisbertus</HI> let him lye one Night in Straw, and permitted him to have an Onion and Salt and cold Water; believing that this would pre&s;ently di&s;patch him out of the way, whereas he found him next day &s;tanding by the fire. &para; In the year 1668. a Gentleman at <HI>Geneva</HI> was ill of an acute Fever,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sole<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">and. Sect. 5. con&s;. 15. Sect. 16.</NOTE> who had lately left the Wars; his name was <HI>Debulet:</HI> He had no Sleep for eight Nights, nor could I procure it by any Remedies. His Wife tells me that her Hus|band de&s;ired to lie one Night in Straw, thinking that perhaps he might &s;leep there: I would not deny his reque&s;t, knowing how great the &s;trength of Cu&s;tom is: So we put Straw under him, upon which he was hardly well laid, but he fell fa&s;t a&s;leep, and &s;hortly after recover'd his Health.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Although a more plentiful Diet is to be allowed in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e, according to the precept of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 8. <HI>When the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hall be in its vigour, the thinne&s;t Diet is to be u&s;ed;</HI> both becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e is le&s;s and does more permit food, and al&s;o becau&s;e the faculties are &s;tronger, and le&s;s intent upon the concoction of the Morbi|fick cau&s;e: y<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> &s;ometimes a thin Diet is profitable in the beginning, and a more plentiful in the &s;tate. 1. <HI>Galen</HI> (12. <HI>Meth.</HI> 6.) when the Humours that rai&s;ed the Fever are coming to concoction, grants fle&s;h, which he permitted not before. 2. In 1. <HI>Acut. ult.</HI> in the beginning he orders Barley-cream, and then Barley and all. 3. <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> 2.16. &s;ays, that the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es require hunger and thir&s;t. 4. <HI>Hippocrates, Galen</HI> and <HI>Avicen</HI> affirm, that if the Pa|tient be to be bled, or purged, or to have &s;ome pain allayed, no meat is to be given till the&s;e things be done, and they are to be done in the beginning
<PB N="726" REF="327"> of almo&s;t every acute Di&s;ea&s;e. (1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 24. and 2. <HI>Aph.</HI> 24.) 5. When the Di&s;ea&s;e does &s;o afflict with plenitude, that there is fear it &s;hould choak the Patient pre&s;ently, then he is to be Dieted &s;paring|ly in the beginning. 6. In Wounds and Ulcers, according to <HI>Hippocrates (lib. de ulceribus)</HI> and in In|flammations; for in the beginning of the&s;e there is need of greater attenuation than in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e; becau&s;e in the&s;e we endeavour to re|&s;train the defluxion, for which purpo&s;e great ab&s;ti|nence is very profitable, otherwi&s;e there is danger of a Phren&s;ie, Convul&s;ion, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 7. If in the aug|ment of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or in the very &s;tate there hap|pen any Symptom that de&s;troyes the faculties, we mu&s;t pre&s;ently endeavour to &s;trengthen them by a fuller Diet, and yet a&s;&s;oon as the Symptom is al|layed, the rea&s;on of the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e admo|ni&s;hes to return to the former thinner Diet. 8. In Fevers that are fierce and vigorous in the begin|ning, and about and in the <HI>cri&s;is</HI> are le&s;&s;ened, (of which <HI>Hippocr.</HI> 1. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.1.) then in the beginning we mu&s;t Diet more &s;paringly to le&s;&s;en the cau&s;e. 9. In Malignant Pe&s;tilential Fevers, wherein the faculties being wa&s;ted by the poy&s;onous Air are near extinction, a fuller Diet is to be allowed in the &s;tate: For Patients that have eaten and drunk &s;toutly in the Plague, have e&s;caped from it, &s;ayes <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.77. On this account in colliqua|ting Fevers, in which the faculties are greatly en|feebled, he allows a fuller Diet in the &s;tate, 12 <HI>Meth.</HI> 3. le&s;t they fail; for the hurt that &s;prings from a full Diet in the &s;tate is le&s;s to be regarded, than death which is certainly at hand from the to|tal lo&s;s of &s;trength and the re&s;olution of the whole habit of the Body. 10. In the &s;tate we mu&s;t &s;ome|times Diet more fully, when there is fear of are-faction or falling into an Hectick Fever: for when the primigenial moi&s;ture of the Parts is by little and little and in&s;en&s;ibly dige&s;ted by the febrile and roa&s;ting heat, then we mu&s;t u&s;e in the &s;tate a moi&s;t|ning Diet, and that full, which may correct or pre|vent the future drine&s;s. 11. The Phy&s;icians of our dayes order a thinner Diet in the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es, becau&s;e it greatly conduces to the con|coction of the remainders of the half concocted aliment which &s;ticks in the Stomach and fir&s;t ways; for then for this rea&s;on 'tis good for a day or two to u&s;e a thinner Diet, and then if debility of the faculties follow, to u&s;e a thicker; yet with this con&s;ideration, that a&s;&s;oon as the faculties are re|cruited by this means, the Diet be le&s;&s;ened again even till the &s;tate; Wherein although there be need of an attenuating Diet, yet if through pre|ceding evacuations and the vehemence of Sym|ptoms, the faculties be more langui&s;hing, then being driven by nece&s;&s;ity we allow a fuller Diet in the &s;tate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Fr. Hi&s;t. p. 537.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Although when Chylification is hurt, the other functions that follow that fir&s;t, will become vitious al&s;o; yet we mu&s;t not deny the whil&s;t that it &s;ometimes happens, that the &s;ick not only receive no prejudice thereby, but rather that their lo&s;t Health is re&s;tored by the vicious Chylification it &s;elf. But as often as that happens, it happens either by chance, or by art, becau&s;e from aliments that are not &s;o very laudable, and which one would hardly allow to the well, there is prepared &s;uch a chyle in the Stomach as &s;erves in&s;tead of a Medicine to correct and amend the vicious Humours in the Body of the Sick. Hence it is that they are &s;ometimes cu|red by eating &s;ome food that is hurtful in it &s;elf, and yet Medicinal to them, and is potently, or im|potently craved by I know not what in&s;tinct now and then.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. Ap|pend. Tract. 3. &sect; 42. <HI>&amp;c.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Seeing the Phy&s;ician cannot always obtain of his Patient to ab&s;tain wholly from hurtful food, he mu&s;t diligently endeavour to be well acquaint|ed with Medicines that may remedy the hurts ari|&s;ing therefrom. Thus, for example, if any Pati|ent's belly u&s;ed to be extended upon the taking of certain aliments, as &s;uppo&s;e Milk and the like, and the Phy&s;ician know that &s;uch ten&s;ion depends on <HI>flatus</HI> rai&s;ed from the Milk, things that di&s;cu&s;s wind &s;hall withal be pre&s;cribed the Patient; and of the number of tho&s;e let the Phy&s;ician &s;elect &s;uch as he has learned by experience &s;erve for di&s;cu&s;&s;ing <HI>flatus</HI> rai&s;ed from Milk.</P>
<P>From this Foundation &s;prang the Art of &s;ea&s;on|ing meat, but in tract of time, as mo&s;t other things are wont, it degenerated into abu&s;e. For the va|rious &s;ea&s;oning of Meats &s;eems to be invented not &s;o much for the &s;ake of correcting aliments that are vicious in &s;ome regards, as for the &s;ake of di|vers reli&s;hes grateful to the ta&s;te and apt to excite Men to gluttony. But when aliments are &s;ea&s;oned according to the pre&s;cript of the Medical art,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem tract. 5. &sect; 222.</NOTE> not a few harms that are otherwi&s;e to be expected from them, are &s;hunn'd and prevented.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. As many as after the manner of the Anci|ents commit the greate&s;t part of the cure of their Patients to a Chimerical or I know not what Na|ture, and then, excepting the Diet, which they or|der after a &s;ort, are only Spectators of the fight, which they Romance to be rai&s;ed between Nature and the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;o are judges of the Victory, which one while is on the Di&s;ea&s;es &s;ide, and ano|ther on Natures; &s;uch Per&s;ons indeed offend in de|fect: But as many as, be&s;ides Diet which con&s;i&s;ts in the &s;ix non-natural things duly admini&s;tred, do moreover think that Medicines are to be pre&s;cri|bed by under&s;tanding Phy&s;icians, at lea&s;t in mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es, which may correct or ca&s;t out all that which is apprehended to be be&s;ides Nature in the Sick, the&s;e would have Phy&s;icians to be not only Spectators, but Actors al&s;o. And &s;urely that Phy|&s;ician &s;eems not &s;o well to &s;atisfie his own office and the expectation of the Sick, who performs only one part of his office, which con&s;i&s;ts in a due or|dering of Diet, while he neglects the two others that con&s;i&s;t in the right direction of Surgery and Pharmacy. For I think a ca&s;e cannot ea&s;ily happen wherein there is no place for pre&s;cribing &s;ome Medicines. Indeed I deny not that the Sick may be cured, nay that they are often truly cured, though no Medicines were pre&s;cribed them by Phy&s;icians; but none &s;hall ea&s;ily per&s;wade me, that the &s;ame are cured &s;o &s;oon, &s;o &s;afely, &s;o ea&s;ily and plea&s;antly, as if convenient Remedies had been admini&s;tred to them. For one may have often ob|&s;erved &s;uch Sick Per&s;ons as have been helped by Diet only, that they have been longer ill, have of|ten &s;uffered dangerous relap&s;es, or have not e&s;ca|ped from their Maladies but with difficulty and irk&s;omne&s;s;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem tract. 8. &sect; 199. <HI>&amp;c.</HI></NOTE> when on the contrary tho&s;e to whom fit Remedies were admini&s;tred, have been cured both &s;hortly, and &s;afely, and plea&s;antly.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. On the contrary vicious Humours are of|ten amended, not only by the vertue of Medicines, &s;eeing often none are taken, but by the help of Diet alone, namely &s;uch as is apt to procure that emendation; not indeed &s;uch as is temperate, and is owing to healthful Per&s;ons, but &s;uch as departs from temperatene&s;s and mediocrity; yet &s;o that it be &s;omewhat contrary to the fault of any offend|ing Humour, and therefore convenient for correct|ing and temperating of it; whether &s;uch Diet be pre&s;cribed by the Phy&s;ician, or, which happens oft|ener, cho&s;en and u&s;ed by chance by the Patient him&s;elf: for in furni&s;hing of it chance oftener has place than rea&s;on.</P>
<P>And indeed I de&s;ervedly wonder that from Diet &s;o often changed by chance, there &s;hould be &s;o great changes not only for the wor&s;e, but al&s;o for the better; and yet that the true rea&s;ons and cau&s;es of &s;uch mutations are not ob&s;erved by Phy|&s;icians: &s;eeing Patients do far more ea&s;ily &s;uffer them&s;elves to be governed by Diet than by Medi|cines. Which Diet if it be pre&s;cribed them, and
<PB N="727" REF="327"> be not moro&s;e and di&s;dainful, (yea often fanciful e|nough) but ea&s;ie, grateful and taken from experi|ence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem tract. 10. &sect; 245.</NOTE> by the help thereof very many benefits re|dound to &s;ick and recovering Per&s;ons.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Know that in the time of pain all meat what&s;oever is not without fault, e&s;pecially that which ea&s;ily waxeth &s;owr, or turns into fume; for on both accounts it encrea&s;eth the pain. For Pti&s;an or Barly-broth, which is received by <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> as the mo&s;t convenient food for tho&s;e that are &s;ick of an acute Fever, is rejected by him in the vehemency of pain, 1. <HI>de vict. Acut. Except,</HI> &s;ayes he, <HI>you ea&s;e the pain either by procuring &s;tools, or bleeding, accordingly as either is requi&s;ite, and &s;hall give Pti&s;an to tho&s;e who are &s;o Di&s;temper'd, you &s;hall drive him head-long to Death.</HI> Concerning other meats in the time of pain he &s;ayes, The&s;e things &s;eize on him, not only if he u&s;e pti&s;an un&s;ea&s;onably, but much more if he eat or drink any thing that is more inconveni|ent than pti&s;an. You will object, that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> has there forbidden pti&s;an, as al&s;o other Meats, not account of pain, but of the Inflammation of the membrane that cloaths the Ribs, which he was &s;peaking of, and which he called pain. It is &s;o in|deed, and yet that &s;tands good which we have &s;aid, That in the time of vehement pain all meat what|&s;oever, even the lighte&s;t, is not without fault, yea is very prejudicial. For pain is one of tho&s;e things which do mo&s;t of all ca&s;t down the vigour of the Body, &s;o that neither does the Stomach concoct aright, nor the Liver or Veins turn it aright into Blood: neither moreover is the di&s;tri|bution, appo&s;ition, expul&s;ion of excrements, or any of the natural actions performed duly becau&s;e of the pain hurting the actions, and e&s;pecially for that Nature being intent upon that which grieves her, &s;ends the Blood and Spirits, which are the com|mon in&s;trument for all actions, to the place of the pain: whence it comes to pa&s;s that the parts ap|pointed for concoction &s;uffer a want of them; which is a cau&s;e that the Meat is ill concocted in the Stomach, Liver and Veins, and ea&s;ily acquires thence a foreign or preternatural heat, &amp; at length becomes a cau&s;e of the encrea&s;e of the pain. When therefore the parts appointed for concocti|on &s;uffer a want of the influent heat, and the ob|ject on which it is to work, remains on that ac|count liable to a foreign heat (Nature being in|tent upon another work) Phy&s;icians do advi&s;edly to let Blood in a great pain, that as much as Na|ture fails of her wonted care, &s;o much the Blood may be le&s;&s;ened; Nor is Blood to be let only, that we may pre&s;erve the Humour that is in the Liver and Veins &s;afe from a preternatural heat, but we advi&s;e provokers to vomit for the meat that is in the Stomach: It would be mad advice there|fore to admini&s;ter meat at that time, wherein the emptying of it out of the Stomach is a Remedy for the pain. But &s;eeing there are many differences of pain, &s;o that &s;ome invade and remit by turns, &s;ome torment continually, and of the&s;e &s;ome have got &s;uch a vehemence as to bring the Patient into watchings, and others into inquietudes, the &s;ame cour&s;e of diet is not to be taken in them all. Who&s;oever are di&s;quieted with continual pains and watchings, mu&s;t ab&s;tain from all Meat and Drink; for the Di&s;ea&s;e to which a continual inquietati|on is joined, is terminated within four dayes, for its vehemence, and therefore a total ab&s;tinence is convenient. Tho&s;e pains indeed are the mo&s;t vehement, that bring the Patients into inquietude. Hence <HI>Galen l.</HI> 1. <HI>Tho&s;e that are ill of pains, are often without a pul&s;e, and fall into faintings, and can be moved no manner of way: The like things to the&s;e happen from the acute|ne&s;s of a Di&s;ea&s;e: But there are &s;ome who&s;e faculty is not af|fected hereby, but through an evacuation of the ve&s;&s;els made &s;ome manner of way. Whether therefore it be through an ex|cretion manife&s;t to &s;en&s;e, or by per&s;piration, or through fa&s;ting, the&s;e indeed need nouri&s;hment and refre&s;hment quickly: But on the contrary if it be through pain, or acutene&s;s of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, they &s;tand more need of &s;ome evacuation than addition; yea he that gives food to the&s;e, does them the greate&s;t mi&s;|chief.</HI> From <HI>Galen's</HI> words a &s;trong argument is ta|ken, that no food is to be given to one labouring under a vehement pain, with &s;trength of the facul|ties, &s;eeing he writes that it does much mi&s;chief to tho&s;e who are made very weak through pain, &s;o that they are without pul&s;e, and are taken with &s;wooning. In tho&s;e pains that are next to the mo&s;t vehement the Patients can keep one po&s;ture of lying, but can take no &s;leep; wherefore &s;uch a Diet is to be granted to the&s;e as we &s;aid was con|venient for tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es that terminate on the &s;e|venth day; for continual watchings are one of the three Symptomes that terminate a Di&s;ea&s;e on the 7th day. For tho&s;e therefore who through pain endure continual watchings, &s;uch &s;u&s;tenance as is to be drunk is convenient: So <HI>Hippocrates: But we mu&s;t u&s;e Drink, if there be any pain,</HI> vinegar <HI>and Honey (or oxy|mel) hot in the Winter and cold in the Summer; but if there be much thir&s;t, Water and Honey, and Water alone.</HI> In which place <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath defined the form of Diet from the rea&s;on of the two Symptomes, from <HI>pain</HI> and <HI>much thir&s;t;</HI> whence gather,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brudus de victu Febri|cit. lib. 3. c. 27.</NOTE> that when there is any pain, we mu&s;t u&s;e &s;omething to drink for our food, and that there is no place for &s;uch things as we u&s;e to &s;up.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ayes, <HI>Pti&s;an</HI> (or Barley-broth) <HI>&s;eems to me to be rightly preferred before all food made of Bread-corn in the&s;e acute Di&s;ea&s;es; and indeed I commend tho&s;e who prefer it: for its lentor (or clammy glibne&s;s) is &s;mooth and continued, and plea&s;ant, &s;lippery and indifferently moi&s;t,</HI> &amp;c. Note that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does not &s;ay that Pti|&s;an is better than all other food, but that it is de|&s;ervedly preferred before all other food made of Bread-corn: Therefore every Phy&s;ician will pre|&s;cribe to his Patients that are ill of Fevers rather Pti&s;an of Barley than of Wheat or any pul&s;e: yet it is not therefore wor&s;e to give them Hen or Chicken broth, boiling &s;uch things therein as are proper for the Fever, <HI>viz.</HI> cooling Diureticks, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And not this only, but there are other things that are every whit as good, as potcht Eggs, and &s;mall Fi&s;h that live in clear &s;tony Rivers: for the Diet of Feveri&s;h Per&s;ons is not defined by any certain matter, but that it be thin and moi&s;t, ea&s;ie of con|coction and of good juice. The mo&s;t ancient, that were not far removed from the fir&s;t Men, lived more upon pul&s;e, fruits and herbs, and were not &s;o accu&s;tomed to Fle&s;h; and therefore Phy&s;icians u&s;ed rather Pti&s;ans in acute Di&s;ea&s;es than Fle&s;h: But now Men are &s;uch eaters of Fle&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s; comm. in l. 1. in v. Acut.</NOTE> that from the indication of cu&s;tom, Phy&s;icians have de&s;ervedly turned to thin fle&s;h and omitted Pti&s;ans. &para; The Marrow or crumb of a white loaf boil'd in broth, is a frequent di&s;h in our dayes: whether it ought to be had in the number of meats, or Spoon-meat, is not clear: for <HI>Hippocrates (lib. de Affect.)</HI> hath placed it among meats, when he commands it &s;hould not be given to Per&s;ons in Fevers: We give it to &s;uch in&s;tead of Spoon-meat; and if &s;uch crumb by long boiling in broth be reduced to &s;moothne&s;s, &s;o as it may be &s;upt, it is placed in the rank of Spoon-meats, and may be given to Per&s;ons in Fevers: And this is it which we commonly u&s;e, and vulgarly call Pap. If the &s;aid crumb be only wet in Broth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in v. 25. l. de Affect.</NOTE> it ought to be ranked among&s;t meats, in which form <HI>Hippocrates</HI> will not give it to Feveri&s;h Per&s;ons. &para; The many benefits that are a&s;cribed to Pti&s;an, agree to this; yet that heat which it acquires from the ferment &s;eemeth to be &s;omewhat contrary, &s;o that upon this account it is hotter and drier: But ac|cording to &s;ome Mens opinion it is not unprofita|ble to wa&s;h the Bread once or twice in pure wa|ter, and then to boil it in good broth, e&s;pecially that of a Chicken, which attemperates all the Hu|mours and brings them to an equality: long boil|ing is to be added, which, procures equality of
<PB N="728" REF="328"> &s;ub&s;tance as to Pti&s;an, &s;o to Bread; &s;o that it be|comes mo&s;t ea&s;ie of concoction, and mo&s;t agreeable to Nature.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Pti&s;an</HI> is not generally good for any unle&s;s tho&s;e that are in Fevers, or that have an e&s;tuating Stomach or Hypochondres: it produceth a thick juice, e&s;pecially joyned with Pine-apples; and being endued with a deterging vertue, it al&s;o hur|ries the meat off the Stomach &s;ooner than is fit|ting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con&s;. 82. cent. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Many things are deliver'd concerning the choice of water, and how to know which is better and which wor&s;e; Some approving mo&s;t of all of <HI>Rain-water,</HI> as being thinne&s;t and boiled as it were by heat; others greatly di&s;prai&s;ing it, as parta|king of all Malignant qualities, ina&s;much as it is drawn out of all things, even the mo&s;t hurtful and &s;ordid. Some preferring before all other <HI>Well</HI> or <HI>Conduit-water,</HI> as being the be&s;t clean&s;ed by their percolation through the Earth; others thinking the&s;e to be the mo&s;t thick, crude and flatuous of all: and &s;ome la&s;tly e&s;teeming <HI>Fountain</HI> or <HI>River-water</HI> the be&s;t. I think it is con&s;onant to the opinion of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> and &s;o to the truth, that <HI>Summer Rain-water,</HI> that de&s;cends with Thunder and Storms, is the be&s;t of all; ina&s;much as this is not truly made of Vapours that are thick and that a&s;cend with abundance of moi&s;ture, but of &s;uch as are thin and are hardly extracted by the force of the heat: but that other Rain-water which de&s;cends from thick and very opaque Clouds, and is foggy, is the wor&s;t of all, &s;ordid, partaking of evil qualities, and ea&s;ily putrefying. Moreover <HI>Well</HI> or <HI>Conduit-water,</HI> that is &s;weet, and is known to be derived from the next River or Spring, is better than River or Spring waters them&s;elves, unle&s;s the Ground that lies betwixt the Wells, and the Rivers or Springs partake of &s;ome foreign quality: But if the Well-water, as it commonly does, proceed from that aby&s;s of waters that is every where under the Earth, it is certainly the thicke&s;t and mo&s;t crude. Seeing therefore the be&s;t Rain-water cannot be procured without too great curio&s;ity, and Rain-water is &s;eldom to be had from a River, and has that danger with it which we &s;poke of the ground or &s;oil, it is better to u&s;e Spring or River water, the be&s;t that is in or near the Town we live in; e&s;pecially &s;eeing that vertue which is in the Sum|mer Rain-water you may impart to Spring-water by boiling it, and that vertue that is in Well or Conduit water you may impart to River-water by barrelling of it up: For both by barrelling up, the water is purged, and by boiling, it is moreover at|tenuated; but Spring-water cannot be kept &s;o well as River-water: Yea and be&s;ides the boiling, that Water which flows out of Springs that are high and expo&s;ed to the Sun, that run down a &s;teep place towards the Ri&s;ing, or Noon-Sun, is wont to be more concocted and better than that which runs out of dark and foggy places towards contra|ry places.</P>
<P>But becau&s;e one Water differs &s;o much from a|nother, Spring from Spring, River from River, and Well from Well, that many Spring and River Wa|ters are wor&s;e than mo&s;t Well-waters, 'twill in|deed be better to try by proper Notes the very Water by it &s;elf, omitting its manner of breaking out of the Ground, and in every place to u&s;e that which Nature has provided the be&s;t there, whe|ther it run along the Ground, or &s;pring up in a Fountain, or be drawn out of a Well: That is be&s;t which is mo&s;t &s;imple and thin: you may know its &s;implicity, from the greatne&s;s of its want of ta&s;te, colour and &s;mell; and its thinne&s;s, from the quick|ne&s;s of its growing hot or cold, as it is &s;aid in the Aphori&s;m:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in l. de vict. Acut. p. 127.</NOTE> for you will find this a better and more exact &s;ign, than that which is taken from its weight.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> adds, In acute D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ea&s;es I have no other operation to attribute to the drinking of Water, that is, Water performs nothing el&s;e for the Body than to &s;erve for drink; and to &s;erve for drink, is nothing el&s;e than to be a vehicle for the Aliment. You will object that it is &s;aid 6 <HI>Epid. &s;.</HI> 4. <HI>Water is devouring,</HI> that is, it &s;tirs up an appetite to meat; and that <HI>Galen (m. m.)</HI> reports very many things of plentiful drinking of cold Water, namely that it extingui&s;heth burning Fevers, if it be taken &s;ea&s;onably, and by a fit Per&s;on, namely by &s;uch an one in whom there is neither crudity, nor any in|ward inflammation, nor weakne&s;s of any principal Part, nor too much leanne&s;s of Body: for the&s;e things are not to be remedied by drink only, but by the be&s;t Medicines. But ina&s;much as it is &s;aid to be <HI>devouring,</HI> that belongs not to acute Di&s;ea&s;es, but to the Diet of healthful Per&s;ons. As to what we &s;aid of its extingui&s;hing of burning Fevers, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does not deny the fir&s;t vertues of Waters, that is, tho&s;e which are in them in re&s;pect of their fir&s;t qualities (for he will not gain&s;ay that they cool and moi&s;ten) but only the &s;econd and third: for Water neither incides, nor clean&s;eth, nor doth any other thing in a Man which belongs to the &s;e|cond faculties; nor does it either a&s;tringe, or loo&s;en, or draw, or repel, but as it refrigerates, and therefore it neither a&s;&s;wageth a Cough, nor brings up Phlegm, nor loo&s;ens the Belly, nor pro|vokes Urine, nor does any other thing that belongs to the third faculties; nor does it draw forth &s;weat, or breed Milk, nor la&s;tly is any other fa|culty attributed to it than to convey the aliment, and to cool and moi&s;ten,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and by cooling and moi|&s;tening it extingui&s;heth a Fever.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. But a little water, adds <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> if it be &s;upt betwixt <HI>Oxymel</HI> (or Vinegar and Honey) and <HI>Melicratum</HI> (or Mead) brings up Phlegm, be|cau&s;e of the change of the quality of the Drinks: That is, if he that u&s;eth Oxymel or Mead made with Wine, do betwixt the&s;e &s;up a little water &s;ometimes, even the water will further the Cough|ing up; not indeed as if that were proper to the Water, but becau&s;e &s;eeing it is void of all facul|ties, it ea&s;ily receives the vertues of all the things wherewith it is mingled, or which are boiled or &s;teeped in it: When therefore it is drunk betwixt Mead and Oxymel, it makes an inundation, and moves the other drink and is mixed with it, and encrea&s;eth the fu&s;ility and therefore the Coughing up.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the fore&s;aid place, &s;ayes, that water is Cholerick to a Cholerick Nature; and therefore &s;uch as have a Cholerick Nature, it cannot quench their thir&s;t, but rather irritates it. But how is Water Cholerick to any, that is &s;o greatly contrary to Choler, &s;eeing it is cold and moi&s;t? Not &s;urely as if it &s;elf were turned into Choler (for &s;o it cannot be) but becau&s;e making an inundation of Choler it does after a &s;ort en|crea&s;e it, and cau&s;es it to redound this way and that way, like indeed as he that pours Water into Wine, makes there be more Wine, namely &s;uch as is dilute: Indeed nothing is more known by expe|rience, than that by drinking water the bitterne&s;s is increa&s;ed in their Mouths that abound with too much Choler, namely the Choler being diluted floats even to the Mouth; and therefore in &s;uch,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> thir&s;t will be irritated by Water.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. In the &s;ame place <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;peaks thus of water, <HI>Neither does it quench thir&s;t, but encrea&s;es it; for it is of a bilious Nature</HI> (as was &s;aid before) <HI>and is naught and very bad for the Hypochondres, and does greaty ca&s;t down the faculties when it enters into the vacuum, and en|crea&s;eth the Spleen and Liver when they are &s;corched, and it fluctuates and &s;wims atop, for it is of a &s;low pa&s;&s;age, becau&s;e it is coldi&s;h and crude.</HI> That is, <HI>it is very bad for the Hypochondres,</HI> becau&s;e it is very cholerick, and en|crea&s;eth the cacochymie: And if it &s;lide into the
<PB N="729" REF="328"> <HI>vacuum</HI> that is there betwixt the Bowels and <HI>Peri|tonaeum, it ca&s;ts down the faculties,</HI> as in hydropical per|&s;ons, and <HI>&s;well the Liver and Spleen when they are &s;corched,</HI> becau&s;e it pa&s;&s;es not through, but fluctuates there and &s;wims atop: and tho&s;e <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> &s;well from the water that abides in or upon them, e&s;pecially when they are hot with much choler which the water increa&s;es; and it pa&s;&s;es not through becau&s;e it is cold and crude, for tho&s;e things that are &s;uch, are of &s;low motion. For this cau&s;e it neither pro|vokes to &s;tool nor Urine, becau&s;e it &s;tays long; and it does &s;ome hurt on this account, becau&s;e Na|ture is without excrements; it is <GAP DESC="foreign">, which term &s;ome think is given it becau&s;e it cau&s;es no dejection, but I think it rather &s;ignifies either the Inte&s;tin that wanteth excrement, or the food of which no dung is made: here it is &s;poken of wa|ter, and therefore it &s;ignifies that no Dung is bred of water, and that for this rea&s;on it does &s;ome hurt. But what can the hurt be, that it is with|out Dung? <HI>Galen</HI> interprets it, that to be without Dung, is, not to cau&s;e dejections, as if <HI>Hippocrates</HI> by the&s;e words &s;hould give a rea&s;on why it cau&s;eth not dejection: but its not cau&s;ing of dejections is but a weak argument that it &s;elf is without Dung; for many things have more Dung, and yet cau&s;e dejections le&s;s than even water, as black and thick Wine: Therefore I &s;upppo&s;e, that as he &s;aid before that oxymel does greater harm to the In|te&s;tin when it is <GAP DESC="foreign">, that is void, of excre|ments, becau&s;e the&s;e fence the Inte&s;tins; &s;o water hurts &s;omething becau&s;e it is without <HI>faeces,</HI> more than it would do if it bred &s;ome, for the&s;e would fence the Inte&s;tins. But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> will &s;eem to affirm fal&s;ly, that it cau&s;es no dejections, becau&s;e many mens bellies happen to be loo&s;ened by drink|ing of water: but that happens not from any loo&s;ening quality that is in the water, but becau&s;e by cooling and moi&s;tning it hurts the retentive fa|culty in the Guts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The ignorant vulgar &s;uppo&s;e that all <HI>wa|ters</HI> are to be boiled for &s;ick per&s;ons, to make them thinner and purer; but the Nature of the thing is otherwi&s;e: for by in&s;en&s;ible <HI>halitus</HI> or &s;teams, what is thin tran&s;pires from the waters in boiling, and that which is thick remains: be&s;ides that waters are thereby rendred le&s;s grateful to the ta&s;te by a certain ineffable and mu&s;ty reli&s;h. But they defend them&s;elves with the authority of <HI>Ari&s;totle,</HI> who (4. <HI>Meteor.</HI>) teaches, That all things wax thick by boiling except water, which be|cau&s;e it is &s;imple, its parts can by no means be &s;eparated by boiling, as they may in other things that con&s;i&s;t of mixture: But I que&s;tion not, but if water be long boiled, it will grow thick after a &s;ort; for it is not altogether pure and &s;incere, &s;o that with making a re&s;olution of it by boiling, it cannot be made more &s;incere, and by con&s;equence thicker, its aereal and thin part, whereby it look|ed thinner and clearer, being re&s;olved. For as it is made wor&s;e when it is frozen by the &s;trength of the cold, &s;o al&s;o by the &s;trength of heat, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> proves <HI>(l. de aere, aq. and locis)</HI> where he &s;ays, that all waters from Snow and Ice are bad, becau&s;e what is clear, light and &s;weet in them, is &s;eparated and lo&s;t: Wherefore it &s;eems to me &s;a|fer to allow to &s;ick per&s;ons, very clear, pure and long-kept water, than to make it perhaps wor&s;e by boiling. But that I may not &s;eem to depart from the received cu&s;tom, I &s;ay tho&s;e only are to be boiled that have &s;ome fault in them which may be amended by boiling: Thus we ob&s;erve that boiling is good for three &s;orts of faulty wa|ters, 1. for the fenny and muddy, which <HI>Galen</HI> commands to boil, becau&s;e when they grow cold, they lo&s;e their ill &s;avour, their earthy part &s;ub&s;i|ding, which before was confu&s;ed with the whole. 2. That water which di&s;plea&s;eth neither by its ta&s;te nor &s;mell, but by its &s;tay in the Stomach is grievous to it and the hypochondres; if it &s;hould not be boiled, ought however to be heated accor|ding to <HI>Galens</HI> precept, as having &s;ome fault from the mixture of corrupt air, or containing &s;ome|thing that proceeds from an unknown cau&s;e, for that is very well put to flight by the vertue of the fire. 3. The la&s;t &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt is the crude; for as we prepare many, yea mo&s;t other things that are fit to eat, in like manner we change &s;ome waters al&s;o into a better Nature, by boiling:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Indic. Med. lib. 1. c. 2</NOTE> <HI>Hippocrates</HI> calls &s;uch <HI>untamed,</HI> as having the &s;un aver&s;e from them, and are taken out of wells, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Seeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (1. <HI>de morb. mul. &s;ect.</HI> 2.) grants the u&s;e of <HI>Eggs</HI> to Child-bed Women when their purgations flow immoderately, it is a plain argument that they have a faculty to &s;tay or &s;top; &s;o that the purgations may be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed by them: Hence gather, that they are unfit in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es wherein 'tis fitting that the pa&s;&s;ages of the Body &s;hould be open, and wherein the Humours are prepared for an exit: And moreover gather, that their a&s;tringent vertue is not obtained by boiling only, &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (in the place quoted) u&s;es rear Eggs and not hard ones for a&s;tringing: So 4. <HI>Acut. v.</HI> 390. he pre&s;cribes Eggs that are not hard, but betwixt hard and &s;oft, for tho&s;e who are troubled with a loo&s;ne&s;s. But the indifferent parts which an Egg con&s;i&s;ts of are to be noted; the Yelk, whether it be given raw, or roa&s;ted, or potcht, does always bridle the motion of the Humours and a&s;tringe by incra&s;&s;ating: but the white, whil&s;t it is taken liquid, whether it be boiled till it become like milk, or be raw, does loo&s;en the Belly; for by the vertue of the white, potcht Eggs do loo&s;en the Belly in &s;ome: <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> u&s;es a raw one out of water in a burning Fe|ver, (3. <HI>de morb.</HI>) becau&s;e, as he &s;ays, it cools and loo&s;ens the Belly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pr. Martian. comm. in l. c. p. 202.</NOTE> Wherefore tho&s;e do not well for their Patients in Fevers that throw away the white, and u&s;e only the Yelk.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Tho&s;e who generally forbid <HI>Fi&s;h</HI> in &s;ick|ne&s;s, go contrary to the Ancients, Experience and Rea&s;on. <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Glaucon.</HI> and 8. <HI>m. m.</HI>) in the cure of an exqui&s;ite Tertian and Quartan grants Fi&s;h that live in &s;tony Rivers: Likewi&s;e (in his Book <HI>concerning meats of good and bad juice</HI>) he com|mends them &s;o, that it is certain they cannot hurt &s;ick people; he &s;ayes they are grateful to the ta&s;te, breed good Humours, and that their fre|quent u&s;e is very &s;afe, which he confirms al&s;o in <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de alim. Hippocrates</HI> that is more ancient than <HI>Galen (lib. de Affection.</HI>) does al&s;o very much com|mend Fi&s;h: the chiefe&s;t Phy&s;icians have followed the&s;e, granting them in &s;undry Di&s;ea&s;es: Rea&s;on al&s;o con&s;ents; for Fi&s;h that are ea&s;ie of concocti|on, and brittle, do not ea&s;ily putrefie, nor bur|then the Stomach, and by their quality re&s;i&s;t a Fever. Some Interpreters of the Arabs &s;ay, they are good in Fevers, e&s;pecially in Cholerick, by rea&s;on of their cold and moi&s;t temperament; and yet they are not good, in that they ea&s;ily corrupt and putrefie: which di&s;tinction is vain, if &s;o be good Fi&s;h and &s;uch as live in &s;tony Rivers be cho|&s;en, for the&s;e are not &s;o ea&s;ily corrupted, but af|ford a laudable juice; nor do they nouri&s;h very much, but yield a thin aliment to the Body, &s;uch as is agreeable to many Di&s;ea&s;es; In tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es namely wherein meat may be granted, Fi&s;h are often to be preferr'd before Fle&s;h that nouri&s;hes more, is more hardly concocted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulgi Error. l. 3. c. 25. <HI>See</HI> Zacut. Princ. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed. hi&s;tor. lib. 1. quae&s;t. 19.</NOTE> and yields a more Acrimonious juice to the Body: I mean not every &s;ort of Fi&s;h, but the be&s;t and the well dre&s;t, as our age knows how to dre&s;s them well: and I prefer boil'd Fi&s;h, with the addition of vinegar, juice of Lemon, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> before broil'd or fry'd.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. That which &s;ome expect from Crab-fi&s;h, Cochles, Snails, Calves, Lung, and other parts of Animals, the more &s;agacious Practitioners reject; becau&s;e the natural Bal&s;am that glues the Lungs in Phthi&s;ical per&s;ons, and refre&s;hes the juicele&s;s Body of the Hectick, is not placed in a volatil
<PB N="730" REF="329"> Spirit or Salt that is rai&s;ed by di&s;tillation, but &s;ub|&s;ides in the bottom like earth or fixed Salt, is cor|rupted and becomes unprofitable. Di&s;tillations of fle&s;h <HI>per de&s;cen&s;um</HI> are to be preferred, which are fit for the recruiting the Spirits. Let a well fle&s;ht Capon be cut into pieces, throwing away the fat, Skin and extreme parts; add, if you plea&s;e, Veal or Mutton cut likewi&s;e, &s;eparating all the fat from them: Ca&s;t the&s;e into a glazed pot, laying under them a wooden grid-iron, that the bottom may be empty: clo&s;e the pot with a cover and lute it on with dough; boil it in <HI>Balneo Mariae</HI> (or a Kettle of Water) for 5 hours: three or four times a day give two or three Spoonfuls of the clear Liquor that di&s;tils out of them either alone, or in &s;ome o|ther Broth.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Our Ance&s;tors u&s;ed to prepare <HI>Re&s;toratives</HI> on this manner: They took the fle&s;h of a Capon, rejecting the fat, and having cut it into bits, and wa&s;ht it in Wine or &s;ome Cordial Water, they mixt with it Con&s;erves accommodated to the Di|&s;temper or part; al&s;o Powders and Waters, ad|ding &s;ometimes &s;ome Gold-money or a Gold-chain: all which being &s;hut in a glazed Ve&s;&s;el they boiled <HI>in Balneo Mariae,</HI> till the Leg of the Capon were boiled in the Kettle. As for example, in burning Fevers, Take of the Con&s;erves of Violets, Buglo&s;s and Water-Lilies of each an ounce, of the pow|ders of <HI>diamarg. frig.</HI> and <HI>de gemmis</HI> of each two &s;cru|ples, and &s;ix leaves of Gold: put them all in a glazed or gla&s;s Ve&s;&s;el that is carefully clo&s;ed and well &s;top|ped with pa&s;te or lute, which being put in another Ve&s;&s;el full of water, is boiled till the Leg that was put in that other Ve&s;&s;el be boiled. But there is an errour in this manner of compo&s;ition, in that no re&s;pect is had of the Medicines; for they mix raw fle&s;h with Cordial powders and boil them toge|ther, forgetting the theorem of him that commands, That &s;uch things as require long boiling are never to be mixed in decoctions with &s;uch as are more thin and light: For if one boil the Fle&s;h through|ly, the powders will be burnt; but if they would not have the Cordial and odoriferous powders to be de&s;troyed, the fle&s;h mu&s;t needs remain raw; and therefore they will never make a good Medicine. Nor is that token of boiling enough to be received; for &s;eeing the Leg is to be boiled a good while, becau&s;e of its hard and carnous &s;ub&s;tance, the Pow|ders will not only be &s;poiled by this token, but the fle&s;h al&s;o it &s;elf will be too much boiled and dried away. And tho&s;e that boil Gold-chains, di&s;|&s;olve nothing therefrom but the Quick &s;ilver or <HI>&s;ordes.</HI> But we in&s;tead of raw fle&s;h take that which is half boiled, or broth boiled for a quarter of an hour, and let them heat and throughly mingle in warm water, and then admini&s;ter the &s;trained liquor: Being thus prepared, it will neither be crude, nor roa&s;ted nor boiled too much; as in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t: Take of the broth of a Capon throughly boil'd half a pint, of the water of buglo&s;s and Vio|let Flowers of each two ounces, of the water of Maiden-hair three ounces, of the Powder of <HI>dia|marg. frig.</HI> and <HI>diair. &s;impl.</HI> of each two drachms, of <HI>pulv. de gemmis</HI> one drachm, and two leaves of Gold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. p. m. 988.</NOTE> mix them and boil them in a double Ve&s;&s;el for a quarter of an hour, then &s;train them. <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. It is not good to u&s;e <HI>Emul&s;ions</HI> alone either for Meat or Drink. I knew two Infants that died by this means, <HI>viz.</HI> by giving them always and on|ly all the day long Emul&s;ions in&s;tead of Drink, with an intent to &s;trengthen and nouri&s;h them. Hence I u&s;e not even in general to pre&s;cribe ea&s;ily for Infants Emul&s;ions, or however not to be taken in any great quantity; for Infants are endowed with a plentiful moi&s;ture, a weakly Stomach, fermenti&s;ci|ble and often bilious Humours bred of Milk or Meat corrupted: So al&s;o if Patients pre&s;ume to u&s;e Emul&s;ions alone, thereby to quench thir&s;t, they ea&s;ily fall into the other extreme; for it holds univer&s;ally,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de med. comp. ext. p. 66.</NOTE> Aliments are not to be confounded with Medicines.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Seeing your <HI>fructus horarii</HI> (&s;uch as Cher|ries, Plums, Apricocks, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) are profitable to at|temperate the Summers heat, but are hurtful and dangerous through their ea&s;ie corruption, they ought to be taken as much cooled as may be; becau&s;e &s;eeing corruption is wrought by external heat, be-being cooled they will continue without putrefying till they are concocted, and will attemperate much more: On the contrary being hot they do not at|temperate at all, and ea&s;ily turn into a &s;alt Phlegm or a &s;erous kind of Choler: whereby it comes to pa&s;s, that almo&s;t all that eat hot fruits, commonly fall into Tertians or other wor&s;er Fevers, and not a few into the <HI>cholera morbus</HI> (or Vomiting and Loo&s;|ne&s;s:) whereas many by cooled fruits are freed from Agues, though otherwi&s;e they be occupied in Bu&s;ine&s;s and Exerci&s;es. All therefore, I think, will greatly commend the cu&s;tom of cooling your <HI>fructus horarii</HI> by putting Snow to them: for if any find his Stomach offended by the coldne&s;s of the fruits, he may know for certain that he needs them not, nor mu&s;t &s;uch an one be advi&s;ed to eat them hot, but to eat either very little, or none at all. But it is otherwi&s;e with Drink, for many are offen|ded by cold Drink, that neverthele&s;s &s;tand in need of that which is as cold as Ice: whence it is manife&s;t that Snow is far more nece&s;&s;ary for horary Fruits, than for Drink; though for this al&s;o it be profita|ble for many during the Summer and a good part of the Autumn, but at other times though it may be plea&s;ant to &s;ome, yet it is hurtful to all. And therefore I would both begin and end the u&s;e of Snow with horary fruits, and in the mean while very much cool the fruits with it, and would have every one take as much as he needs, according to the nature both of the whole man, and al&s;o of the Belly alone, which nature is either hot or cold, dry or moi&s;t, or &s;ome mean between the&s;e, and according to the Cu&s;tom and Experience that every one has of his own Body: But Drink is not alike convenient for all, but for every one his own way, con&s;ideration being made according to the &s;ame &s;copes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in 5. Epid. p. 498.</NOTE> for thus many things would be profitable that mo&s;t now di&s;prai&s;e.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. As to <HI>Fruits, Avicen</HI> pronounces gene|rally, that they are all bad for Per&s;ons in Fevers, whom yet all the Greeks oppo&s;e. <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Gl.</HI>) grants &s;uch in the cure of a Tertian as are ea&s;ily con|cocted: <HI>Trallianus</HI> pre&s;cribes Peaches both raw and boiled, Musk-melons and (<HI>Melopepones</HI> or) Cucumbers, and chides &s;ome Roman Phy&s;icians that ab&s;tained from Pompions becau&s;e they bred choler, from <HI>Gal.</HI> 2. <HI>de Alim.</HI> when yet <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays in that place, that Pompions breed the <HI>cholera morbus</HI> if they be eaten too plentifully: Yet he pre&s;cribes Pompions an hour before the Fit, and al&s;o orders the Patient to drink after them a good quantity of temperate Water; for much choler being thereby evacuated by Stool or Sweat, the Ague has cea&s;ed: Therefore he adds, In every hot <HI>intemperies</HI> of the Kidneys, Liver, Sto|mach, Head, in a Tertian Ague or continual Fever, nothing is better than a Pompion or Cucumber, which latter al&s;o he prefers before a Pompion, be|cau&s;e it is altogether harmle&s;s. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf <HI>(in Lib. de Affect.)</HI> writes thus of Pompions: <HI>The Cucumber-Pompion provokes Stool and &V;rine, and is light; and the other Pompion does in &s;ome kind cool and allay thir&s;t: both of them afford but a thin nouri&s;hment, and yet no harm that's worth &s;peaking of proceeds from either.</HI> Be&s;ides, the &s;weetne&s;s of Musk-melons and their grateful Scent commend them: But we at this day know not what are the <HI>Pepones, Melopepones</HI> or <HI>Cucumeres</HI> of the Ancients, and therefore to come to our own: Our <HI>Musk-Melons,</HI> which many e&s;teem for a dainty, for their admirable &s;weetne&s;s of ta&s;te and &s;mell, are yet unwhol&s;om; they ea&s;ily putrefie in an hot Sto|mach, for they are very moi&s;t, as appears in that
<PB N="731" REF="329"> from a &s;mall root they grow into a great bulk; they are pre&s;ently corrupted by every quality of the Air, and they alwayes lie upon the ground, whence by eating of them, putrid and &s;erous Humours are by degrees heaped up in the Veins, whence Fevers or Agues encrea&s;e and are lengthened out, or if they be not pre&s;ent; they are procured, &s;o that the&s;e are accounted the mo&s;t unwhol&s;om of all ho|rary fruits. What &s;ome alledge of their &s;weetne&s;s and grateful odour, makes nothing towards their commendation; for this ought to be meant of the &s;ame kind of meat, and not of divers, for very ma|ny that are mo&s;t grateful, are more pernicious than tho&s;e that are le&s;s grateful. But our <HI>Cucumbers</HI> that u&s;e to be eat young and unripe, though they cannot be called whol&s;om, yet they ought to be reckoned le&s;s hurtful, both becau&s;e they have a kind of &s;owrne&s;s, and al&s;o becau&s;e they are corrected with Vinegar and Salt; but in the plenty of &s;o ma|ny Remedies 'tis better to ab&s;tain from them than to run the hazard. To come to other fruits; They are various, hot, cold, moi&s;t, ea&s;ily corruptible, horary, acid, &s;weet, fre&s;h, dry: The <HI>hot,</HI> when the indication is taken from a Fever, are wholly hurtful; yet in re&s;pect to the febrile cau&s;e or &s;ome Symptom, they may be granted, as <HI>Figs</HI> to clean&s;e, or if the Colick accompany: The <HI>cold</HI> are good with re&s;pect to a Fever, and they profit the Hectick and tho&s;e that are taken with an <HI>Ephemera</HI> (or a Fever that la&s;ts but for a day:) but though by cooling they may benefit in putrid Fevers, yet in regard of the putre|faction they hurt, becau&s;e they are ea&s;ily inflamed and boil in a hot and foul &s;tomach, which is chiefly to be under&s;tood of the <HI>horaei,</HI> &s;uch as Straw-berries, Mulberries, Plums, Peaches, Cherries. Now <GAP DESC="foreign"> (from whence <HI>horaeus</HI> is derived) is the Summer, and the Fruits that are gathered in that Sea&s;on cannot be kept for their great moi&s;ture, but are &s;uddenly cor|rupted unle&s;s they be dried or pre&s;erv'd; and all tho&s;e Fruits that the Latins call <HI>fugaces,</HI> are of a bad juice, and windy, and when they are corrupted, become like to Poi&s;ons: But the Fruits which may be kept, as Grapes, Almonds, Dam&s;ons dried, and Prunes may be allowed: as al&s;o all acid Fruits, as Lemons, Oranges, Pomegranats, for they temper the febrile heat, allay thir&s;t, &s;tir up an appetite, hinder the a&s;cent of vapours: But yet the too great plenty of acid Fruits is to be avoided, becau&s;e if one take too much of them, or unle&s;s they be tem|per'd by boiling, as they are wont to be when made into Syrups, they breed great Ob&s;tructions; other|wi&s;e they profit very much by cooling, inciding, re&s;i&s;ting Putrefaction. Some al&s;o of the <HI>horaei</HI> may be granted becau&s;e they are corrected by boiling and by putting Sugar to them; from which yet if we ab&s;tain in bilious Fevers, or at lea&s;t u&s;e it &s;pa|ringly, it will be better, becau&s;e it heats and turns it &s;elf into choler, as &s;weet things are wont. So in an exqui&s;ite Tertian <HI>Avicen</HI> commendeth &s;weet Pomegranats, Prunes, the Indian Melon, becau&s;e it loo&s;ens, provokes Urine, allays heat, and moves &s;weat in &s;ome manner. Fre&s;h Fruit al&s;o in &s;ome particulars is better than that which has been longer gathered, for &s;ome Fruits grow mu&s;ty in time, as Almonds, Pine-Apples; likewi&s;e the&s;e when they are long kept, become oily, and therefore are not &s;o fit in acute Fevers, becau&s;e the oily part is ea&s;ily inflamed and turned into choler, and there|fore in the Milk which we call Almond-milk we mu&s;t have great care that the Almonds be not ran|cid or mu&s;ty, for the fre&s;her they are, the better. Some boil that Milk, but the raw is better than the boiled, for it cools more becau&s;e of the admixture of much watrine&s;s, which is con&s;umed by boiling, and therefore it alters le&s;s and is made thicker, and le&s;s apt to temper the febrile heat. On the contra|ry &s;ome Fruits are the better for being cold, as Rai&s;ins, Prunes, and all &s;uch as abound with too much moi&s;ture when they are new, and may be reduced to a more whol&s;om nature by being laid up.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de Febr. p. 144</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. <HI>Pot-herbs</HI> and others are profitable in Fe|vers to alter, 1. Cold; as Lettuce, E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dive, Spinach, in bilious Fevers; 2. Hot, as Tyme, Hy&s;&s;op, Majo|ran in Phlegmatick; but we mu&s;t not u&s;e them alone, for they have no nouri&s;hing vertue in them, or but little, they are rather Medicinal, therefore they are pre&s;cribed to be boil'd in Broths, that there may be Medicin with Aliment. The Sick there|fore may not have leave to feed upon Herbs and Roots, for mo&s;t of them u&s;e to be turned into a porraceous (or leeky) choler in the Stomach; and <HI>Galen</HI> having di&s;prai&s;ed almo&s;t all Herbs in relation to food, &s;eems to grant Lettuces only, as being le&s;s hurtful: Let them therefore be taken boiled with other Aliments for alteration.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Moreover <HI>Salads</HI> are not di&s;allowed of &s;ome. <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Glaucon. cap.</HI> 9. and 10.) grants not only Lettuces, but al&s;o Garden orach, Mallows, Sorrel: and if Vinegar be added, it will &s;tir up the Appetite, re&s;i&s;t Putrefaction, cut tough Humours, open Ob&s;tructions: yet but a little Oil is to be added, becau&s;e it is ea&s;ily inflam'd in Fevers. But Vinegar being u&s;ed with Salads or other Meat, in a little quantity, cannot dry much, but rather, ac|cording to <HI>Galen,</HI> re&s;i&s;ts Putrefaction, &s;tirs up Appe|tite, makes Victuals pa&s;s down well, colliquates and attenuates the thick; and &s;o <HI>Olera,</HI> as Cabbage, Spinach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with Vinegar are not &s;o hurtful; they nouri&s;h but little, are cold and moi&s;t, excite appetite, and being boiled in Broth and pre|pared or dre&s;s'd with Salt and Vinegar,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de Febr. p. 143.</NOTE> may be good.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Galen (in Arte parva)</HI> commends <HI>Wine</HI> as a Re&s;torative for old Men and &s;uch as are recovering from Sickne&s;s; but &s;o it is that Wine dries and does not moi&s;ten? I an&s;wer, that <HI>Galen</HI> allows of Wine of an indifferent age, &s;uch as is pure and clear in &s;ub|&s;tance, namely that which is a little yellowi&s;h or whiti&s;h, &s;mells well, and as to the ta&s;te &s;eems nei|ther altogether watry, nor exceeds much in any quality, whether &s;weetne&s;s, or acrimony, or bit|terne&s;s; but &s;uch Wine as this does not dry, but moi&s;ten. This we note from this place again&s;t almo&s;t all the Moderns, who think that all Wine dries: for if the Wine de&s;cribed by <HI>Galen</HI> dried, doubt|le&s;s it would be bad for Per&s;ons recovering from Sickne&s;s, and old Men, who are already too dry: therefore we &s;ay that the Wine propo&s;ed by <HI>Galen</HI> for taking away the dry di&s;po&s;ition of Per&s;ons re|covering from Sickne&s;s and old Men, has a faculty to moi&s;ten &s;ub&s;tantially, and is temperate as to heat, and dries not;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. art. parv. c. 99.</NOTE> for no temperate quality can dry or moi&s;ten, heat or cool.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. It is ob&s;ervable that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed <HI>Wa|ter</HI> for drink in a <HI>drying Diet,</HI> and neither Wine, nor Wine and Honey, though both of the&s;e moi&s;ten le&s;s than Water: which he did, not that he &s;u&s;pected Wine for any rea&s;on; for be&s;ides that he grants black racy Wine in an exulceration of the Womb, if he had &s;u&s;pected Wine, he &s;hould have pre&s;cribed &s;ome other Drink, and not &s;imple Water. <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> therefore approves of Water, ina&s;much as it affords very little or no nouri&s;hment to the Body, the principal action of which nouri&s;hment is to re|cruit and moi&s;ten the radical moi&s;ture of the Body which is continually &s;pent, and &s;o it happens by accident that water dries. Add al&s;o that Drinks that nouri&s;h the Body are &s;ooner di&s;tributed through it, and by con&s;equent moi&s;ten it, than Water; which becau&s;e, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in v. 183 Sect. 3. l. 1. de Morb. mul.</NOTE> it &s;tays longer in the Hypochondres, it does not proceed &s;o to moi&s;ten the Body, as other Drinks that are more plea&s;ant to Nature.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. <HI>Santorellus (Lib.</HI> 26. <HI>Antepr. c.</HI> 8.) admires that <HI>Avicen</HI> has written that <HI>Snow-water</HI> is good, where he &s;ays (2. 1. <HI>Doctr. c.</HI> 16.) <HI>But Snow and Water turn'd to ice, &s;eeing it is clean and not mixt with any other thing that
<PB N="732" REF="330"> has a bad quality, whether it be melted and Water be made of it, or other water be cooled by it by l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ying it on the out&s;ide of the ve&s;&s;el, or it &s;elf be put into water, it will be good.</HI> But the admiration will fall, if you under&s;tand <HI>Avicen</HI> of a Morbous &s;tate, wherein if you give Water diluted with Snow, as a Medicine, you will not err.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Tho&s;e do ill that let many enter into the Patient's Chamber, becau&s;e the breaths of many People corrupt the Air. <HI>Galen</HI> (10. <HI>Meth. cap.</HI> 8.) &s;ayes that a crowd of Friends heat the Chamber. On that account the Windows are to be kept open, for by &s;hutting them the Chamber is not only heated, but &s;eeing the Putrid &s;teams are not ventilated with the in&s;piration of pure Air, the Patient falls into a wor&s;e condition. And let none object that the Skin is made den&s;e and ob&s;tructed by the colder Air; for by the in&s;piration of cold Air there ari|&s;es greater benefit to the Patient, than there does hurt by den&s;ating the Skin. But though the con|den&s;ation of the Skin be the cau&s;e of heat, this in|convenience may al&s;o be avoided by covering the Patient, and the cold Air being breathed in will cool the internal <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> for nothing &s;ooner changes the temperatures of the Humours than the Air, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays 3. <HI>de humor. comment.</HI> 2. Indeed in malig|nant and continual Fevers there is perhaps no errour greater,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th. Med. V. H. l 13. c 4. <HI>See</HI> Gal. in m. m.</NOTE> than to keep the Patients in clo&s;e hot places, and &s;uch as are full of a crowd of People.</P>
<P N="40">XL. To change the Patient's Linnen often &s;eems a hainous thing to the vulgar; for they think that Sick Per&s;ons are made weaker thereby. But <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> commands all things to be kept clean about the Sick, and <HI>Galen</HI> endeavours by all means to keep tran&s;piration free, that cold Air may be breathed in and &s;teams excluded, e&s;pecially in continual Fe|vers, which happen for the mo&s;t part through con|&s;triction of the Pores: And therefore when they are ob&s;tructed both by the <HI>&s;ordes</HI> and Sweat, there follows a retention of the vapours and &s;teams, whence the pre-exi&s;tent Fever is increa&s;ed, or a new one is kindled: on the contrary that man &s;hall hardly fall into great Di&s;ea&s;es who&s;e Body has a good per&s;pi|ration.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Comm. in l. 1. de vict. Acut.</NOTE> In which thing (&s;ays <HI>Valle&s;ius</HI>) vulgar Phy|&s;icians offend, who will not permit their Patients either to put on a clean Shirt, or change their Sheets, or wa&s;h their Face or Hands, or to do any thing el&s;e that belongs to cleanline&s;s, not though the Di|&s;ea&s;e be long, or as if this did not encrea&s;e all Putrefaction.</P>
<P N="51">XLI. In &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es great re&s;pect is to be had to the Patient's manner of living, otherwi&s;e they will be very hardly cured. A clean&s;er of Jakes ha|ving &s;melt too good odours, fell Sick, and was at length cured by the &s;mells he had been u&s;ed to. <HI>Zacutus</HI> placed a Patient that liv'd by the Sea-&s;ide, in the Sand and cover'd him with it, that he might cure him. A Phy&s;ician cured a Countrey-man, that others had given over, by allowing him Pul&s;e and Rye bread. And that the Region wherein we live makes many impre&s;&s;ions upon us, which we mu&s;t have regard to, I have ob&s;erved, that as we that live upon the Land grow nau&s;eous, and vomit in a Ship, which Symptoms cea&s;e when we are returned to our accu&s;tomed Land; &s;o I have &s;een a Sea-man, namely a Venetian, that endured the &s;ame <HI>Nau&s;ea</HI> by riding on Hor&s;e-back that we do on the Sea.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Pore<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us, Ob&s;. 59. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ent. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. Sleep procured by Art gets the Phy&s;ician great e&s;teem. A certain Phy&s;ician &s;aid, that the way whereby he curried favour with his Patients, was, that they might have quiet re&s;t the Night after he was called; which he procured with the Syrup of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">d P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ppies, which he pre&s;cribed for that Night: I my &s;elf al&s;o being delighted with this Stratagem, often plea&s;e my Patients by giving them a magi&s;terial Anodyne. But how comes it to pa&s;s that Sleep coming either of its own accord, or procured by the u&s;e of Soporiferous Medicines, is often very offen&s;ive to the Sick, who when they awake com|plain of a great wearine&s;s and unea&s;ine&s;s, and find fault with tho&s;e that wait upon them for letting them &s;leep &s;o long, de&s;iring them to waken them if perhaps they &s;hould drop a&s;leep? I an&s;wer, that even the healthful when they &s;leep immoderately, are &s;aid to be &s;oakt, becau&s;e their fle&s;h is made more moi&s;t, and the habit of their Body pufft up or bloated, through the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the fuliginous Excrement which ought to be dige&s;ted and exhale by waking: and the &s;ame thing happens &s;ometimes in Per&s;ons ill of Fevers: yet we mu&s;t not therefore ab&s;tain either from &s;pontaneous Sleep, into which a man falls when his Spirits are enervated with heat, or from that which is procured by Art;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. de febribus c. 133.</NOTE> for all the unea&s;ine&s;s goes off in a little while, and the Spirits are refre&s;hed.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The <HI>Diet</HI> of Febricitant Per&s;ons in general.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether Food is always to be denied in an Ague-Fit. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;imple Food be alwayes be&s;t. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Food &s;hould be alwayes moi&s;t. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Meat be to be &s;ea&s;oned with Salt. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Milk</HI> may be granted. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Fruits</HI> are to be denied altogether. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Fi&s;h</HI> be proper. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Eggs</HI> be hurtful. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Raw <HI>Lettuce</HI> may be granted. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the juice of unripe Grapes or Verjuice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be rightly put to their Meat. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of &s;weet things is hurtful. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pti&s;an</HI> is extreme good. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Wine be good in Putrid Fevers. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;imple water be to be granted. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Beer is not to be denied. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Drink</HI> is to be given to People in acute Fevers. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be granted in the Paroxy&s;ms. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is to be given &s;ometimes cold, &s;ometimes hot. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame cooling Drink is not to be given to all without diffe|rence. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Barley water be to be rejected. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Water is not to be boiled long. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold water is not to be given through the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Sick are to be fed more liberally in the Winter than in the Summer. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Sleep</HI> does good, when hurt. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IN an <HI>Ague-fit</HI> food is not to be given, according to <HI>Hippocrates aph.</HI> 11. 1. For Nature (as <HI>Galen in comm.</HI> teacheth) by the concoction of the new aliment is called off from the concoction of the morbifick Humours: And be&s;ides, in the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">it all the Body is defiled with an impure vapour, which taints and in a great mea&s;ure corrupts the meat that is newly taken. But if the Fit be &s;o long, or the Body of the Patient &s;o hot and dry, lean and of &s;o thin a texture, that it is ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olved, and cannot hold out to the end of the &s;it, he mu&s;t eat &s;omewhat even in the fit it &s;elf, which will be bet|ter done in the &s;tate than at other times, although even in the beginning and augment meat may be given if nece&s;&s;ity urge. So <HI>Galen.</HI> 10. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 5. in Agues was forced to allow victuals even in the be|ginning of the Fits, to &s;uch as were of an hot and dry temper, who can lea&s;t indure fa&s;ting, le&s;t they &s;hould faint away. In imitation of him <HI>Amatus Lu|&s;itanus (cur.</HI> 68. <HI>cent.</HI> 4.) gave to one in the begin|ning of the Fit, that vomited clean Choler, (up|on
<PB N="733" REF="330"> which he &s;wooned) bread &s;oaked in water and &s;prinkled with Vinegar and &s;o he hindred the fore&s;aid Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River.</NOTE> That hurt which may happen from giving of meat in &s;uch like ca&s;es, is obviated by giving &s;ome Veal or Chicken broth cold; (in <HI>France</HI> they call it Veal or Chicken <HI>water,</HI> becau&s;e it has a middle con&s;i&s;tence betwixt mere water and broth thoroughly boiled) for by this means the a|crimony of the heat is attemperated, and the immi|nent drine&s;s is hindered; and yet Nature is not called off from her office of concocting the Morbi|fick matter, which &s;he more ea&s;ily conquers when the acrimony of the Humours is mitigated, and the fear of drine&s;s avoided.</P>
<P><HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ayes, (<HI>aphor.</HI> 1. 11.) It is hurtful to give meat in Fits; we mu&s;t therefore ab&s;tain the whole Fit, if it may be; but if not, then till its declen&s;ion: but if we may not do that neither, however we &s;hould avoid the beginning and three hours before, unle&s;s in <HI>picrocholis,</HI> or tho&s;e who vo|mit up Choler, who faint away through the acri|monious Choler that at that time flows plentifully towards the Mouth of the Stomach, unle&s;s there be &s;ome fre&s;h food there, by the mixture wherewith, it may be dulled; for if meat be put off in the&s;e, as it is wont to be in other febricitant Per&s;ons, of an intermittent there is often made a continual Fe|ver, and for a &s;imple one, and one that would end with &s;weat, if meat &s;hould be given in the begin|ning, there en&s;ues a &s;yncopal or &s;wooning one, and for one that would end in health, a mortal. But if meat be given even in the very time of the Fit, it &s;ometimes not only hinders the&s;e dangers, but al&s;o prevents the Fever it &s;elf, which chiefly hap|pens in tho&s;e that vomit Choler: Yea and more|over in others in whom there begins to be moved a Choler that is not &s;o much, thick and putrid, as little in quantity, thin and very adu&s;t and fumous, through the twitching whereof the &s;en&s;ible parts begin in many to be pricked and quake; and yet this Choler, by taking &s;omething to eat pre&s;ently, or perhaps by drinking &s;ome Wine diluted with water, is &s;o attemper'd, that they give over &s;hak|ing or to be feveri&s;h at all. But it is certain that this happens &s;eldom, or &s;carce ever, but in tho&s;e that are very hot and dry by Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 1. c. 9.</NOTE> for it &s;eem|eth to be agreeable to this nature only. &para; <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> &s;peaking of old Men &s;ays, that when they have Agues, they mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily have food allow'd them in the very Fit: for they abound with a gla&s;&s;ie Phlegm which in them pa&s;&s;es not into ali|ment; and therefore they mu&s;t often and impor|tunely be refre&s;hed with meat,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>See</HI> Zacut. P. H. p. 539.</NOTE> though there be in&s;tant danger of death.</P>
<P N="2">II. Some Practitioners pre&s;cribe <HI>Pti&s;an</HI> (a very con|venient aliment, which tempereth the Blood and Choler, cuts and detergeth vi&s;cid matter, allayeth thir&s;t, takes away the roughne&s;s of the mouth and, in general, of all the Pneumatick Organs, makes the Breath ea&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) I &s;ay they pre&s;cribe pti&s;an with &s;weet Almonds brui&s;ed; yea at the &s;ame meal they allow an Egg, Panada and Fle&s;h, again&s;t <HI>Galen</HI>'s opinion (<HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>de v. ac.</HI>) who &s;ayes that ma|nifold meats and &s;uch as are of different faculties cau&s;e a pertubation of the Belly. But 'tis an|&s;wered, tho&s;e things which are given, <HI>either</HI> all of them come under the notion of meat, (or at lea&s;t one;) Then, the Fever is either &s;hort, and then 'tis b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tter to give &s;imple meat, or at lea&s;t to min|gle meats together, that are of a &s;imple faculty; or Chronical, and then it is be&s;t to give fewer &s;orts of meat: at the &s;ame time yet becau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e is long, and the Patients cloy'd and quea&s;ie-Sto|mach'd, &s;everal meats, as Eggs, Panada, Fle&s;h, Fruits, may be allowed at &s;everal times: <HI>Or</HI> &s;ome of them come under the notion of &s;awce which may be mixed with the meat; for the aliment keepeth its proper vertues, and by the &s;awce is made more plea&s;ant to the &s;mell and ta&s;te,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capiv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">c. lib. 6. c. 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and more effectual again&s;t the morbifick matter.</P>
<P>As to the <HI>quality of the food, Hippocrates</HI> declareth (<HI>aph.</HI> 16. <HI>lib.</HI> 1.) <HI>Moi&s;t food is good for all febricitant peo|ple,</HI> &amp;c. For &s;eeing a Fever is an hot and dry Di|&s;temper, by the rule of contraries it re<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uires cool|ers and moi&s;tners: f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r according to <HI>G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">len (lib. m. m.)</HI> cooling is mo&s;t proper for Fevers; ina&s;much as heat is wont always to off<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd in them, but dri|ne&s;s is not always trouble&s;ome; and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf <HI>(lib. de morb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s)</HI> in &s;everal places directs, to cool a Fever as quickly as we can: Seeing this is manife&s;t to all, he makes no mention (in the afore|&s;aid aphori&s;m) <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f a cooling but only of moi&s;t food, becau&s;e it is not &s;o plain, that moi&s;tning is conve|nient for Fevers. By <HI>moi&s;t food</HI> we may either under&s;tand that which is moi&s;tening, or that which is liquid and may be &s;upp'd: That which is moi&s;t|ning is very profitable for Fevers, both becau&s;e it corrects the drine&s;s which the febrile heat acce|lerates, and al&s;o becau&s;e it tempers the preternatu|ral heat, for drine&s;s is the file of heat, and moi&s;t|ure blunts it: That which is liquid and may be &s;upt is alwayes pre&s;cribed by him, <HI>Galen</HI> a&s;&s;erting, both becau&s;e it is the mo&s;t ea&s;ily concocted in the Stomach, and al&s;o more ea&s;ily enters into the re&s;t of the Body and into the remoter Veins; for the natural heat being tainted by an extraneous, con|cocts more weakly, nor is it to be wearied with more &s;olid meats, le&s;t if they remain crude, they be corrupted, and thence encrea&s;e the Fever: for which cau&s;e we mu&s;t beware of either roa&s;ted or boiled Fle&s;h, which although perhaps they may be potentially moi&s;t, yet their &s;ub&s;tance is too hard to be well enough concocted by the weak heat of febricitant per&s;ons; whence Fle&s;h-broth is better than Fle&s;h it &s;elf. But though the food ought al|ways to be &s;uch as may be &s;upt, yet it &s;hould not always be cooling and moi&s;tning; for in regard of the cau&s;e which is joined with the Fever, or of &s;ome other Di&s;ea&s;e, or Symptom, it &s;hould &s;ome|times be hot, &s;ometimes dry, as in Fevers proceed|ing from Phlegm and Quartans, Pepper is allowed: al&s;o if the Fever be accompanied with a Drop&s;ie, the Colick or ob&s;truction, herein we mu&s;t not u&s;e moi&s;teners and coolers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. lib. de feb. p. 153.</NOTE> but hot openers accord|ing to <HI>Galen</HI>'s comment on the fore&s;aid aphori&s;m.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Whether are their meats to be &s;ea&s;oned with Salt? <HI>Capivaccius</HI> is again&s;t it (<HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 28.) and altogether rejects Salt: but I think it may be granted, if it be &s;o admini&s;tred as not to make the meat Salt or powder'd, but to take away its un&s;a|vorine&s;s and unplea&s;antne&s;s. Fir&s;t, becau&s;e that which reli&s;heth, nouri&s;hes, according to <HI>Avicen:</HI> and mo&s;t meats are un&s;avory without it, whence they do not only not nouri&s;h, but they al&s;o cau&s;e a <HI>nau&s;ea,</HI> whence other harms &s;pring. Secondly, Salt Meats, according to <HI>Galen</HI> (3. <HI>de al. fac.</HI>) cau&s;e dejection and open ob&s;tructions: Him&s;elf (7. <HI>m. m.</HI>) in the cure of a dry Stomach grants &s;alted Bread; and by a &s;tronger rea&s;on it is agreeable for febrici|tant per&s;ons. Add hereunto <HI>Aphor.</HI> 2. 38.</P>
<P N="5">V. Whether is <HI>Milk</HI> to be granted? It &s;eems to be hurtful, <HI>both</HI> by rea&s;on of its chee&s;ie &s;ub&s;tance which turns into nidour, encrea&s;es thir&s;t, fills the Head with vapours, encrea&s;es the fervour, and cau|&s;es ob&s;tructions; <HI>and al&s;o</HI> of its Buttery part which is apt to be inflamed through its fatne&s;s; <HI>Bilious pro|ceeds from fat,</HI> &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (6. Epid. 5. 14) <HI>and la&s;t|ly</HI> of its &s;erous part which partakes of a nitrous quality. Milk is either u&s;ed as nouri&s;hment, in which &s;en&s;e it is condemned by <HI>Hippocrates aph.</HI> 5. 64. or as Medicine, e&s;pecially that of A&s;&s;es, for this being more watry may be drunk even in a burning or continual Fever, according to the pre&s;cription of <HI>Hippocrates (l. de rat. vict.)</HI> or it is u&s;ed for refrige|ration, or for evacuation by &s;tool, but in a great quantity, for &s;o it de&s;cends more quickly, and
<PB N="734" REF="331"> makes no &s;tay in the Stomach, &s;o that hence it is neither concocted nor a&s;&s;imilated; It wa&s;hes down the choler, purges out the fifth of the Guts, moi&s;tens and greatly cools.</P>
<P N="6">VI. 'Tis doubted whether <HI>Fruits</HI> be good. <HI>Avi+cen</HI> &s;ayes they all do hurt by their ebullition and corruption in the Stomach: <HI>Galen</HI> writes that no Fruit almo&s;t is of a good juice, but that the <HI>fugaces</HI> or horary have plainly a bad juice, &s;o that unle&s;s they be quickly ca&s;t out by &s;tool, or if they be corrupted in the Stomach, they breed a juice not unlike to poy&s;on: others on the contrary grant &s;everal Fruits, e&s;pecially the cooling, as Melons and the like. But we mu&s;t know, that if any fruits are granted, they are granted rather as Medicine than Aliment: And it cannot be denied that mo&s;t of them are ea&s;ily corrupted, e&s;pecially in a Sto|mach indi&s;po&s;ed by a febrile heat, and that vicious Humours are thence generated that very much encrea&s;e the Fever: And by how much any fruit is otherwi&s;e the apter to be corrupted, by &s;o much the ea&s;ilier is it corrupted in Fevers: for mo&s;t of them do not tran&s;pire well, yea hinder tran&s;pirati|on, as Melons: but if our Patient be &s;o dainty that we mu&s;t indulge them, we mu&s;t rather permit them to ta&s;te them than to eat them freely according to <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Gl.</HI> 9.) otherwi&s;e that food is to be ap|pointed which <HI>Hippocr.</HI> pre&s;cribed, <HI>viz.</HI> of the juice of Pti&s;an, till the cri&s;is, or &s;ome &s;uch like. Yet acids may be granted more ea&s;ily, to extingui&s;h too great thir&s;t and heat, &s;uch as are Pomegranats, Ci|trons, Lemons, Barberries, or their juice, Goo&s;e|berries, Cherries; all which yet are rather ali|ments than Medicines. <HI>Sennert.</HI> See <HI>Zac. P. h. l.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 3.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Some quite reject <HI>Fi&s;h,</HI> as ea&s;ily Putrefying, others admit them: but here is need of a di&s;tinc|tion of Fevers and Fi&s;h; for Fi&s;h are more fitly given in Cholerick Fevers: Yet alwayes &s;uch are to be cho&s;en as yield a better nouri&s;hment,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert.</NOTE> as tho&s;e that live in &s;tony Rivers.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Saxonia</HI> &s;ays, 'tis a heinous thing at <HI>Venice</HI> to give febricitant People <HI>Eggs:</HI> And of Fle&s;h 'tis ob|&s;erved, that tho&s;e who eat it in Fevers dye, in <HI>Crete</HI> and other places of <HI>Greece. Sen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">tus</HI> grants them both; <HI>Eggs,</HI> becau&s;e they are of ea&s;ie concoction and good aliment, and becau&s;e Men in the&s;e Coun|treys, being not accu&s;tomed to that thin Diet to which the Ancients were, do bear them well e|nough, without any encrea&s;e of the febrile heat, or avocation of the natural, if &s;o be they be given in a little quantity and in due time: And he rejects not the u&s;e of <HI>Fle&s;h,</HI> although it hurt in <HI>Greece</HI> be|cau&s;e of the notable heat of that Country, and be|cau&s;e Men there do ea&s;ily tolerate a thin Diet, whereas the more Northern People that are ac|cu&s;tomed to a thick Diet eat it without harm. Yet Dr. <HI>Tho. Willis</HI> has ob&s;erved that the eating Fle&s;h and Eggs prolongs Fevers. Likewi&s;e <HI>L. &agrave; Fonte (Con&s;.</HI> 5.) di&s;allows of <HI>Eggs,</HI> 1. becau&s;e, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> a full Diet (&s;uch as Eggs afford) is not convenient in the beginning, augment and &s;tate; 2. becau&s;e foul Bodies are not to be nouri&s;hed with meat that ea&s;ily putrefies; but Eggs are &s;uch becau&s;e of their too great moi&s;ture; 3. becau&s;e, according to <HI>Alexander</HI> 2. <HI>Probl.</HI> 84. the yelks of Eggs heat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. There is no rea&s;on Phy&s;icians &s;hould &s;tick &s;o much at granting crude Lettuces to febricitant Per&s;ons, and make them eat them alwayes boiled, e&s;pecially in the Summer: for indeed they have hardly any hurtful quality but cold and moi&s;t, whence the too great u&s;e of them may fill the Bel|ly with too much moi&s;ture and weaken the Sto|mach; and perhaps they will &s;ooner do this harm boiled than raw, contrary to Coleworts, Bete, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for the&s;e having a malignant and nitrous quality want boiling to correct them; but Lettuce having none, it needs not &s;o much as wa&s;hing to prepare it for eating, and it is made loo&s;er and ex&s;olvent by boiling. <HI>Galen</HI> (2. <HI>de alim.</HI>) having for a long time formerly u&s;ed raw Lettuce,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. 7. Ep. p. m. 881.</NOTE> &s;ayes that he be|gan to u&s;e boiled for no other rea&s;on but that his Teeth were wor&s;e.</P>
<P N="10">X. Tho&s;e who advi&s;e to pour upon their Meats the juices of <HI>Pomegranats, Citrons, Lemons, unri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e Grapes</HI> and other things of like quality, are not approved by me, becau&s;e the&s;e things have no regard to the ob&s;tructions which are the chief both cheri&s;hing and efficient cau&s;es of the Fever.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Salius D. de feb. pe&s;til. c. ult.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. But as the&s;e a&s;tringents are not approved by me, &s;o are &s;weet things condemned; both becau&s;e the&s;e de&s;troy the Stomach, and al&s;o ea&s;ily turn to Choler, whereby the internal burning may be en|crea&s;ed: wherefore let all things that are prepared with Sugar be here omitted;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> and let that great and continual u&s;e of Sugar, which is ordered by many that Practi&s;e Phy&s;ick ill, be avoided.</P>
<P N="12">XII. <HI>Pti&s;an</HI> or Barley-broth is greatly commen|ded by the Ancients in acute Fevers, not only be|cau&s;e it cools and moi&s;tens, but chiefly becau&s;e it takes away that a&s;perity or roughne&s;s that is intro|duced into all the Body by the febrile heat. That a Remedy may be able to take away a&s;perity, 1. it mu&s;t be moi&s;t; 2. it mu&s;t not be biting; 3. it mu&s;t have a lentor or clammine&s;s: and &s;uch is <HI>Pti&s;an:</HI> hence Vinegar, though cold, is not good for febri|citant Per&s;ons, becau&s;e it exa&s;perates, whence the Fever becomes harder to cure.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Wine</HI> &s;eems not to be good in Putrid Fe|vers, becau&s;e it nouri&s;hes very much, encrea&s;eth thir&s;t and pains of the Head, affects the Nerves, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> yet <HI>Hippocrates</HI> was very daring in the u&s;e of Wine, as is manife&s;t in his Book <HI>de acut.</HI> and in other pla|ces. <HI>Alexander</HI> (2. <HI>probl.</HI> 62.) grants a little and thin; and not unde&s;ervedly, for White-Wine, that is thin (e&s;pecially in tho&s;e that are u&s;ed to it) when there appear &s;igns of Concoction, is good, after other evacuations, to concoct the remainders of the Humours, to provoke Urine and Sweat, and Sleep. Galen (2. <HI>de acut.</HI> 8.) writes that it was a cu&s;tom in <HI>Italy</HI> to grant <HI>Sabine</HI> Wine, that was thin, to all febricitant Per&s;ons: yet in the &s;ame Book 1. 40. he confe&s;&s;es that he u&s;ed to indulge to his Patients a little Wine diluted with clear water, though 11. and 12. <HI>meth.</HI> and 1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 14. he ad|moni&s;hes to forbear, if there be a &s;u&s;picion of a <HI>de|lirium,</HI> or if there be an heavine&s;s of the Head or a Catarrh, or the Morbifick matter be crude, or be concocted but plentiful, <HI>no</HI> evacuation preceeding, e&s;pecially in continual Fevers, unle&s;s the Patient be ready to faint away. And we mu&s;t not chu&s;e red, but white, and that not yellow, but thin, wa|try or diluted with water; not &s;owr, or &s;weet, or thick; and 'tis rather to be granted to tho&s;e that are accu&s;tomed to it, than to the not accu&s;tom|ed: In &s;low or intermitting Fevers more liberally, but in others more &s;paringly and very watry; not for the Fevers &s;ake, but the cau&s;e, whil&s;t by acci|dent the more inten&s;e heat attracts to it &s;elf the more remi&s;s, and con&s;umes by inciding and di&s;&s;ol|ving; or for the accidents, as to &s;trengthen the fa|culties,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. de febr. quae&s;t. 9. exercit. 4.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c. Galen</HI> in his Book <HI>de cib. boni &amp; mali &s;ucci, c.</HI> 8. &s;ayes, <HI>White-Wine that is har&s;h, hath a &s;en&s;ible vertue to cool.</HI> Which is to be under&s;tood, not in re&s;pect of other Wines but ab&s;olutely. There|fore all Phy&s;icians almo&s;t now a days do err that will not allow any Wine to febricitant Per&s;ons. Let other places of <HI>Hippocr.</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> be con&s;ider'd, as 3 <HI>de rat. v.</HI> 7. and 8. and 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 4. <HI>t.</HI> 15. and el&s;ewhere <HI>Galen</HI> commends watry har&s;h Wine to People in Fevers: where it is forbidden when the Di&s;ea&s;e is crude, it is to be under&s;tood of the yel|low, and not of the white and watry. As for my &s;elf when I find a &s;mall thin Wine, I allow a little to my Patients, although febricitant, &s;afely and
<PB N="735" REF="331"> with great benefit. <HI>Sanctorius (art. parv. cap.</HI> 100.) gave it even in a malignant Fever. <HI>P. Poterius (cent.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 81.) &s;ayes, becau&s;e there are many Fevers, for which Wine is not at all ill, e&s;pecially for tho&s;e which have their &s;eat in the Stomach, if &s;o be &s;uch Wine be given as di&s;turbs not the Head, though in a pretty quantity, it &s;ometimes effects a cure, accor|ding to <HI>Primro&s;e</HI> l. 3. <HI>de vulg. err. in Med. cap.</HI> 18. The &s;ame per&s;on adds: <HI>The propriety of a man has great power in the cure of all Di&s;ea&s;es; and there are &s;ome &s;o very much addicted to Wine, that even in the extre|me&s;t Sickne&s;&s;es they cannot ab&s;tain from it.</HI> Add to the&s;e <HI>Canonherius, of the admirable vertues of Wine,</HI> who (<HI>Lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 3. &sect;. 18.) writes thus, <HI>We may u&s;e Wine in Fevers and as Aliment;</HI> and &sect;. 25. <HI>Wine procures Sweat, and by it not a little of the &s;erous matter is carried fourth by &V;rine.</HI> Let the Reader compare with the&s;e, <HI>Co&s;taeus in Tract. de Potu in morbis lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Hippolyt. Obicius &amp; Hipp. Antonellus in apparatu Animadv.</HI> upon the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> greatly di&s;allows of Water for ordinary Drink, and as much commends it as a Me|dicine, namely when drunk in a large quantity. Now he &s;ays it hurts in ordinary drink, becau&s;e it is thick, pa&s;&s;es not through the Hypochondres, and in cholerick Per&s;ons ea&s;ily turns into choler, for being conquer'd by the febrile heat it ea&s;ily Putre|fies, otherwi&s;e becau&s;e it is cold and moi&s;t it is wholly contrary to the Fever, and therefore is good for it. In tho&s;e therefore who are u&s;ed to drink Water, I &s;ee no rea&s;on why it may not be granted; but it will be better if it be corrected with the mixture of other things, yea it may be boiled to make it the thinner: Some will have it di&s;tilled, and then to be temper'd with the mixture of cooling and opening Syrups; &s;ome would have Bread &s;o &s;oaked in it that it may a little imbibe the vertue of the Ferment;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de febr. p. 146.</NOTE> others would have Cinamon in|fu&s;ed in it, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. Beer, although it be &s;mall, yet it always has &s;ome faculty to heat and make drunk, although that vertue be le&s;s and weaker in &s;mall than in &s;trong; whence it is not &s;o good for tho&s;e that are in acute Fevers and who&s;e Head achs, becau&s;e it inflames and cau&s;es thir&s;t if it be drunk plentifully, as Febricitant Per&s;ons u&s;e to drink that are very dry. You will object that Beer is only Barley-water, nor does it acquire any quality that is ad|ver&s;e to a Fever from the addition of Hops, &s;eeing Hops are u&s;ually pre&s;cribed to depurate the Blood. But Experience teacheth that there is a great dif|ference betwixt Barley-water and Beer, &s;eeing the Water cools, and drink as much as you will it ne|ver inflames nor di&s;turbs the Brain, nor cau|&s;es thir&s;t; which cannot be &s;aid of Beer even though it be &s;mall. And the difference depends upon this, that Beer is not made of &s;imple Barley, but of Mault, (which is Barley &s;teep'd and dried) and dry Hops are added which heat &s;ufficiently; then it is fermented, whence it acquires an hot qua|lity, which is not in Barley-water nor Pti&s;an; and therefore it &s;eemeth to me not &s;o good: Yet its u&s;e is better to be born with than that of Wine, becau&s;e it is le&s;s hot, and is Diuretick. Add, that a Spirit is drawn even from &s;mall Beer.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. In <HI>giving Drink</HI> to People in acute Fevers, 'tis fitting to u&s;e a mea&s;ure, le&s;t on the one hand by too much moi&s;ture, which is improper for Febrici|tant per&s;ons, there &s;pring either a greater crudity, or a fouler and longer Putrefaction; or on the other &s;ide by too much drine&s;s the accidents be increa&s;ed and the Body con&s;ume: Yet this one thing is worth noting, that Drink being mixed with Meat is ea&s;ilier concocted, doth &s;ooner refre&s;h, and doth le&s;s bur|then weak Nature; whence it comes to pa&s;s that on the fir&s;t day of an acute Fever we may forbid all moi&s;ture, unle&s;s the Patient be &s;o weak that on that account Food is nece&s;&s;ary: but on the la&s;t days, when drine&s;s and burning are urgent, we mu&s;t give Drink more freely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Merc. lib. Prae<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. 1. c. 2.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if there &s;hall be ma|nife&s;t concoction.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Drinking in the Fit</HI> of an Ague is very hurt|ful, for hereby ju&s;t like as when Water is thrown upon a red hot Brick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valaeus m. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">0.</NOTE> there is cau&s;ed &s;uch an ebul|lition of Humours, as that both the Di&s;ea&s;e and the Symptom, <HI>thir&s;t,</HI> are increa&s;ed. &para; And yet we ought not pertinaciou&s;ly, as &s;ome do, adhering to the indication from the cau&s;e, neglect the intem|perature; for it is better &s;ometimes to let the Di|&s;ea&s;e be prolonged,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. 1. 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. 41.</NOTE> than that a man &s;hould be pre|&s;ently burnt up. &para; I have found by Experience that hereby there have often &s;prung continual and mortal Fevers of intermittent ones and &s;uch as have been void of danger.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Aph. 62. 7.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. In continual burning Fevers, the effect is commonly more urgent than the cau&s;e, the Sym|ptom than the Di&s;ea&s;e: when therefore burning, and <HI>trouble&s;om thir&s;t</HI> are grievous to the Patients in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, it &s;eems rea&s;onable to give them their Drink cold, and in that plenty, that it may temper the boiling Humours and extingui&s;h the fervour of the Spirits. To this <HI>Hippocrates</HI> has re|gard, whil&s;t in many places he commends cold Drink: thus <HI>l. de vict. ac.</HI> both in the <HI>Cau&s;us</HI> or bur|ning Fever and Quin&s;ey he gives cold Water: In <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>Epid.</HI> he &s;ays that in acute Fevers 'tis profi|table to give cold Water: In 2. <HI>de morb. On the &s;e|cond day after the beginning of the Fever, you &s;hall give him as much cold Water as he'l drink:</HI> again 3. <HI>de morb.</HI> he pre|&s;cribes cold water even that hath been expo&s;ed to the open air. But <HI>l. de Loc.</HI> he &s;ays, <HI>For Drink you &s;hall give warm water, and water and Honey, and Vinegar with water: for if the drink be not received in cold, being and remaining warm it will detract from the &s;ick Body, or either will eject by &V;rine, or will dry:</HI> There name|ly he is more intent upon the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. For drink is given in Fevers upon a double ac|count, either that it may be a vehicle for the food and quench thir&s;t, which is taken with the food it &s;elf; and this &s;hould be cold: or for the altera|tion or exclu&s;ion of the Humours, and here warm drink is commended, as al&s;o if the Body have not been accu&s;tomed to cold, or if the Sto|mach be cold.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>Give cooling potions to drink in burning Fevers, when you will,</HI> &s;ays <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 3. <HI>de morb. v.</HI> 69. Note that <HI>Hippocr.</HI> &s;aid not, when the Patient will, but when <HI>you,</HI> the Phy&s;ician, will, that is, according to the regulated will of the Phy&s;ician, and not the perver&s;e will of the Patient. <HI>Now the&s;e potions are of different operations, for &s;ome cau&s;e pi&s;&s;ing, others going to &s;tool, &s;ome both, &s;ome neither; &s;ome cool only, like as when one pours cold Water into a Ve&s;&s;el of boiling Water, or expo&s;es the Ve&s;&s;el it &s;elf full of Water to the open air: Therefore you &s;hall give &s;ome to one, &s;ome to another; for neither are the &s;weet, nor the bitter agreeable to all, nor can all drink the &s;ame.</HI> Hipp. <HI>ibid.</HI> For tho&s;e &s;ick of a burning Fever do not always require the &s;ame way of cure, &s;eeing &s;ome want greater cooling, as being of an hard and den&s;e habit of Body; others le&s;s, as being of a &s;oft and rare habit: the &s;ame coolers are not fitting for all, but one mu&s;t be given to one and another to another with re&s;pect to the Di&s;ea&s;e, and according to the diver&s;ity of the habit and other circum&s;tan|ces. Which opinion of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> if tho&s;e that com|monly practi&s;e Phy&s;ick would attend unto, they would not always inculcate the &s;ame things in the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;es to all Patients; but when the poor Patients from their proper Nature do often refu&s;e either &s;weet things, or &s;harp, or &s;owr, and are &s;et again&s;t them, they &s;hould lay a&s;ide their pertinacy and indulge their Patients Nature and will with variety of plea&s;ing Medicines. Among&s;t the various drinks pre&s;cribed by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> this is remarkable: <HI>Put three or four whites of Eggs in a gallon of water, and having &s;hak't it well, u&s;e it for Drink: it cools greatly, and inclines the Patient to &s;tool.</HI> Perhaps the&s;e whites of Eggs do the &s;ame thing here, as they do in Wines when they become too thick, and putting off their proper Nature grow vappid:
<PB N="736" REF="332"> for if Eggs being well beat in a good deal of Wa|ter, be poured to &s;uch Wines at fir&s;t, they no|tably rare&s;ie and attenuate them and re&s;tore them to their pri&s;tin Nature: namely being put into the Wine they cool it, and by drawing the thicker parts to the bottom of the Ve&s;&s;el they attenu|ate it. The like whereto I &s;uppo&s;e to be done in a burning Fever, becau&s;e they cool by contempe|rating, and by drawing down the excrements to the lower parts they loo&s;en the Belly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Sal. Diver&s;. comm. in. lib. 3. de Morb. p. 339. and 347.</NOTE> but let them be crude, for the boiled have le&s;s of the fore|&s;aid faculty.</P>
<P N="20">XX. I know the u&s;e of Barly water is condem|ned by &s;ome very famous Phy&s;icians, affirming it to be the invention not of the Greeks but Arabians, that it is windy and offen&s;ive to the Stomach. 'Tis apparent &s;uch are little ver&s;ed in reading Greek Authors, from <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>de morbis</HI> where <HI>Hippocrates</HI> advi|&s;es to take about a pint of large and full Achillean Barley, and when it is dried to take off the hawns and wa&s;h it well, then to put a gallon of water to it which mu&s;t be boiled half away, and when it is cold given to drink. It is not true that this drink is windy, &s;eeing the <HI>flatus</HI> are in the &s;ub&s;tance of the Barly (which being not well concocted re|&s;erves its <HI>flatus</HI>) and not in the water; but the wa|ter and not the &s;ub&s;tance of the Barley is given: and if there were any fault before in the water, it lo&s;es it in boiling, for boiling takes away the ma|lignity of many things. Whereas it is &s;aid to be offen&s;ive to the Stomach, it is not &s;o to all Sto|machs, but only to tho&s;e which are more cold; but it will not be hurtful to others, but rather a &s;afe|guard and &s;hield, when the febrile heat abounds and is fervent: wherefore &s;uch offence will not be on the part of the water, but of the Phy&s;ician that admini&s;ters it without di&s;tinction, and has no re&s;pect to the Stomach of the Patient. I declare that I have found the u&s;e of this water profitable in our art, and have given it plentifully, but not to all alike and without di&s;tinction: I have given it in burning Fevers, when &s;igns of concoction ap|peared; cold, when the Stomach was &s;trong; warm, when languid; and in great plenty, even as long as they would drink it: In other bilious Fevers in the la&s;t part of the &s;tate, more willingly in the beginning of the declen&s;ion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Sal. Div. 3. de Morb. p. 242.</NOTE> e&s;pecially if the Intermi&s;&s;ions come every third day.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I wonder what &s;ome mean in giving <HI>Water</HI> in Fevers, when they order it to be boiled long and much; &s;eeing as <HI>Galen</HI> te&s;tifies (which &s;en&s;e al&s;o confirms) by long boiling it acquires a Saltne&s;s, and at length, like other things, a bit|terne&s;s; whence it will happpen that the febrile heat will not be extingui&s;hed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">errer. ca&s;tiga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. cap. xi.</NOTE> but rather encrea&s;ed by it.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Tho&s;e err who grant <HI>Water</HI> through the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e; for then it hinders the concoction of the Humours, it is difficultly concocted, and &s;tays long in the Belly before it be di&s;tributed; it neither cuts, nor clean&s;eth, nor of it &s;elf loo&s;ens, nor provokes Urine; therefore it is not to be granted &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ve in the acute,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. lib. de febr. c. 9.</NOTE> in the &s;tate, when concoction is fini&s;hed.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. 'Tis a doubt <HI>whether the Sick &s;hould be nou|ri&s;hed more in Winter than in Summer.</HI> For <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 18. and 3. <HI>de diaeta</HI> hath expre&s;ly taught, that febricitant Per&s;ons do ea&s;ily endure Meat in the Winter, not &s;o well in the Spring, lea&s;t of all in the Summer and Autumn: In the Summer namely the Sick do wor&s;t of all endure Meat, becau&s;e not only the Belly is rendred more &s;luggi&s;h in re&s;pect of its office, through the drine&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but the natural heat is then at a low ebb: but in the Win|ter mo&s;t ea&s;ily; for though the Belly be then al&s;o rendred &s;luggi&s;h, the Di&s;ea&s;e remaining dry even then, yet the natural heat is increa&s;ed, whence Meat may be more ea&s;ily endured in the Winter than in the Summer and Autumn. On the contrary <HI>Avicen</HI> (1. 4. <HI>Cap. de cibat. aegrorum</HI>) &s;ays, that the Sick are to be fed in the Winter, but more in the Sum|mer: he gives a rea&s;on, becau&s;e in the Summer there are greater re&s;olutions, whence con&s;equent|ly for the re&s;tauration of what is lo&s;t, there is need of more Aliment. To re&s;olve this, we mu&s;t note from <HI>Mercurialis (l.</HI> 5. <HI>de febr. c.</HI> 8.) That Aliment may be &s;aid two ways to be more or le&s;s; either as to its vertue, or as to its bulk: In the Winter indeed our Bodies &s;hould be nouri&s;h'd more as to the ver|tue and &s;trength of the Aliment, but more in the Summer as to its bulk. The rea&s;on is, Becau&s;e the &s;ub&s;tance of the natural heat is greater in the Win|ter, and le&s;s in the Summer (1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 8.) becau&s;e then much (<HI>Pituita</HI> or) Phlegm is collected, which is the Aliment of the Blood and natural heat: Hence <HI>Galen</HI> hath placed the &s;ub&s;tance of the natu|ral heat in the Blood and Phlegm;<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. de placit. Hipp. &amp; Gal.</NOTE> therefore &s;trong Aliment is fitter in Winter than in Summer: But in the Summer when the preternatural heat is grea|ter than the natural, and upon that account there are great re&s;olutions of the Body, it comes to pa&s;s that it needs Meat indeed for the recruiting of the wa&s;ted &s;trength; but that Meat ought in no wi&s;e to be &s;o &s;trong: Which when <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aw,<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Aph. 18.</NOTE> he &s;aid that our Meat was to be divided into divers Por|tions, which <HI>Avicen</HI> al&s;o approved of; but that in Winter it was &s;ufficient to eat once or twice a day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;tius Exerc. 4. de feb. qu. 3.</NOTE> becau&s;e in that Sea&s;on it is better concocted, and the Excrements are generally fewer.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Concerning <HI>Sleep</HI> we mu&s;t <HI>note</HI> 1. That Sleep is always hurtful in <HI>the beginning of a Fit,</HI> becau&s;e then the faculty is &s;trong, and the cau&s;e of the fit intire and not evacuated as yet nor le&s;&s;ened; wherefore it neither needs retraction of the heat nor union: nay if the heat be then withdrawn, the faculty is more oppre&s;&s;ed through the multi|tude of the Humour, and the heat is made more preternatural, and is defiled through the commerce of the Humour and vapours, and by this means the Fever is prolonged, becau&s;e its cau&s;e is not di&s;&s;ol|ved, yea it remains in the Body too fixed and rooted when it does not exhale to the outer parts. But <HI>in the declination</HI> it is always good, for the fa|culties being di&s;&s;olved and wearied from the fore|going terms (<HI>viz.</HI> the beginning, augment and &s;tate) they de&s;ire re&s;t and firmitude: moreover the cau&s;e of the Fit is now overcome, di&s;&s;olved and turned into vapours, which when they are di&s;per|&s;ed to the outer parts and are di&s;tant from the principal parts, are not &s;o ea&s;ily retracted. If &s;leep therefore come upon the Patient then, it refre&s;hes the faculties, &s;eeing now that the load is taken off they are not oppre&s;&s;ed; yea by the Blood and Spirits retiring to the inner parts, the faculties be|ing collected and more brisk end the Fever, or &s;toutly &s;hatter the reliques of the Humours. Sleep <HI>in the &s;tate</HI> is doubtful, for it &s;ometimes does good, &s;ometimes hurt, which flows from the various di&s;|po&s;ition of the Body and diver&s;ity of the Fever: for if the Body be hot and dry and prepared for re&s;olution, then &s;leep is profitable in the &s;tate of the Fit, for it moi&s;tens, refre&s;heth the faculties and makes the fit &s;horter: On the contrary if the Bo|dy be hot and moi&s;t, of a den&s;e habit, &s;leep is un|profitable, for then there is neither need of re|fection nor moi&s;tening, yea if it come, the re&s;olu|tion of the morbifick cau&s;e is hindred, and the &s;tate and declination are prolonged. In like manner we mu&s;t think as to the diver&s;ity of the Fever, for if the Humour do more offend in quantity than in quality, &s;uch as are the Phlegmatick, the Melan|cholick or the ba&s;tard Tertian, then &s;leep profits not, but hurts: On the contrary if the Humour offend and urge more in quality than quantity, as a bilious Ague that &s;prings from &s;incere choler, &s;o that by its thinne&s;s, heat, and Acrimony it pre&s;&s;es and wearies the faculty, then &s;leep is profitable. The &s;ame is to be &s;aid of the la&s;t part of the aug|ment,
<PB N="737" REF="332"> which 'tis certain repre&s;ents the nature of the beginning. We mu&s;t <HI>Note</HI> 2. That this doctrine is to be under&s;tood not only of the particular termes of every Fit, but of the univer&s;al: for in the beginning, becau&s;e Nature is oppre&s;&s;ed, Sleep is not &s;o convenient, but 'tis more convenient in the augment, and far more in the &s;tate, but mo&s;t of all in the declen&s;ion, for by its help the Spirits are refre&s;hed, and the reliques of the Humour are concocted and wa&s;ted. This is the cau&s;e why the longe&s;t Sleep is granted in the declination, in the beginning very &s;hort; and in the middle terms in|different: But if &s;weat be at hand or break forth in the &s;tate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. Hi&s;t. p. 545. <HI>See more there.</HI></NOTE> Sleep helpeth greatly, if &s;igns of con|coction go before: for Sleep hinders all evacua|tions except &s;weat, which it promotes.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Diaphoreticks. (<HI>See</HI> Alexipharmacks <HI>and</HI> Sudorificks.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>How they act. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such as ab&s;orb. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such as make the <HI>Serum</HI> fluxile. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such as hinder its coagulation. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Diaphore&s;is</HI> is not to be procured by externals alone. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame are not convenient in all ca&s;es. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The more temperate are &s;ometimes the more availeable. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are &s;ometimes hurtful. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be avoided where the <HI>Serum</HI> is either too little or too much. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What things hinder their u&s;e. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acids help the vertue of Sulphureous. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>DIaphoreticks</HI> and <HI>Sudorificks</HI> differ from one ano|ther in degrees; the former di&s;cu&s;s halitu|ous excrements by in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, and pro|mote the &s;ame tran&s;piration and ventilate the Blood; the latter do this al&s;o, but leave a more manife&s;t effect by a dewy &s;weat. And they ope|rate ina&s;much as they fu&s;e the Blood, and procure a &s;eparation of the <HI>Serum</HI> from it, that it may be ex|pelled through the pores of the Skin in the form of Vapours.</P>
<P N="2">II. Both 1. by <HI>ab&s;orbing,</HI> and <HI>re&s;olving that which binds the</HI> &s;erum and <HI>makes it more fixt,</HI> as the more fixed alkaline, and earthy Medicines, for in&s;tance, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum,</HI> Shells, Harts horn burnt, the Bezoar &s;tone, Bole-Armene, <HI>Bezoardicum minerale, &amp;c.</HI> the&s;e do greatly precipitate the fermentation of the Humours, and &s;et in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration free and at liberty.</P>
<P N="3">III. And al&s;o 2. <HI>by making it fluxile, whether</HI> by ra|refying of it, and inducing a new fermentation on the Blood: Thus 1. lixival and nitrous Salts, Salt of Wormwood, <HI>Carduus Bened.</HI> Centaury, which both ab&s;orb, and al&s;o make the <HI>&s;erum</HI> fluxile; thus 2. Volatils, the Spirit of Harts-horn, of vipers, of Ivory, do very powerfully drive forth &s;weat; or by yielding an halituous vehicle and volatility, &s;uch as are 1. the aqueous, as divers di&s;tilled wa|ters, and e&s;pecially &s;ome decoctions that enjoy al&s;o a certain volatility; al&s;o 2. tho&s;e that are ea&s;ily re&s;oluble becau&s;e of their watry and Gummy &s;ub|&s;tance, as the <HI>rob</HI> of dwarf-Elder, Elder, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but chiefly 3. tho&s;e that are indued with a volatil Salt intimately mixt with a Sulphur, the bitter re&s;inous, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;o <HI>card. bened. opium,</HI> Camphor, the Wood <HI>Guai|acum,</HI> and among&s;t compound Remedies Treacle, Mithridate, and the re&s;t mentioned in the fir&s;t cla&s;s, the&s;e promote the &s;luggi&s;h motion of the <HI>Se|rum,</HI> and put nature upon di&s;cu&s;&s;ing &s;uperfluities, opening the Pores, and vigorating the ma&s;s of Blood. And the&s;e have place chiefly in a Rheuma|ti&s;m, or any flux what&s;oever of the Blood and <HI>Se|rum,</HI> for in&s;tance in the Inflammations of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> fluxions of the Joynts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whence they are good in the Pleuri&s;ie, which has often its Throat cut as it were by &s;ome eminent Sudorifick in the begin|ning; in the Gout, which is helped mo&s;t of all by the &s;ame &s;weats; in Tumours of the Groins; Ton|&s;ils, Armpits and the like; in Fainting, Swooning, both &s;olitary and hy&s;terical; and when the Small Pox or Mea&s;les come not out well.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Likewi&s;e 3. <HI>by inciding the curdled</HI> &s;erum and promoting the fermentation of the Blood al&s;o by this very means. Tho&s;e Medicines that perform this are chiefly <HI>acids,</HI> and <HI>alkalines</HI> al&s;o after their manner, to wit in a different re&s;pect: hence vine|gar as likewi&s;e other acids, are de&s;ervedly reck|oned among &s;udorificks. For it is an ob&s;ervation not to be &s;lightly e&s;teemed, that Sulphureous Me|dicines by the acce&s;&s;ion of acids do far more rea|dily act, and procure &s;weat more than when left to them&s;elves: the <HI>mi&s;tura &s;implex</HI> alone may &s;erve for an in&s;tance; for neither the Spirit of Treacle of it &s;elf, nor the Spirit of Tartar do &s;o readily procure &s;weat, as when the Spirit of Vitriol is join|ed to them, for this doth promote both their acti|vities: So al&s;o the tincture of Bezoar without the addition of the Spirit of Salt, or &s;ome other acid, is le&s;s apt to cau&s;e &s;weat. Now when the Blood curdles, it becomes more gro&s;s, vi&s;cid, thick and glutinous; whence acids, by taming the Sulphur, and hindring rarefaction as much as may be, do in &s;uch ca&s;e promote the &s;eparation of the &s;erous Hu|mour, and by this means promote al&s;o its halituo|&s;ity. Whence the&s;e and the Diaphoreticks of the fir&s;t cla&s;s are profitable (being cho&s;en according to the diver&s;ity of Indicants) even in divers kinds of Fevers, e&s;pecially al&s;o in the Pox, Scurvy, Lepro|&s;ie, and the like, where the Blood being much too glutinous doth nece&s;&s;arily import a weight and pain of the membres. The&s;e very Medicines al&s;o of this cla&s;s have a great vertue to take away the grumou&s;ne&s;s of the Blood; whence al&s;o the <HI>mi&s;tura &s;implex</HI> has no contemptible u&s;e in the palpitation of the heart it &s;elf, al&s;o in the &s;cab and many other maladies. In a word, in any faults of the ma&s;s of Blood, ari&s;ing from the quality and vitious exce&s;&s;es in motion, ebullitions, de&s;pumations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> diaphore|ticks bear away the bell, both re&s;toring and depre&s;|&s;ing the ferment.</P>
<P N="5">V. But inward Impellents have need of exter|nals; whence it is not enough to take a Diaphore|tick Medicine, but at lea&s;t there is need that the ambient air &s;hould be warmer than u&s;ual and that the Body be cover'd, as al&s;o that the pores be more dilated and the Humours fu&s;ed: But the bu&s;ine&s;s is never accompli&s;hed by externals alone, unle&s;s when the matter &s;ticks more betwixt the Skin and Fle&s;h; for in that ca&s;e external impel|lents do more good: Likewi&s;e when a particular tumour exerci&s;eth and wearies &s;ome membre, the &s;ame are u&s;eful.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Nor avail they only in the abundance and repletion of Humours and impurities of the Blood; but they al&s;o make the &s;luggi&s;h Humours more brisk and lively; but they are chiefly good for re&s;olving and attenuating of &s;erous Humours, and evacuating them by the pores: whence the fixed|ne&s;s or volatility of the Medicines, and the diffe|rent &s;tate of the Blood varies their u&s;e. There are &s;ome who always u&s;e <HI>antimon. diaphoret.</HI> only; others cry the Spirit of Harts-horn up to the Sky; others u&s;e the tincture of Bezoar, e&s;pecially the camphorated, almo&s;t for all ca&s;es: All the&s;e offend, but chiefly the la&s;t; for all cannot endure alike camphorated Remedies, at lea&s;t in &s;o great a do&s;e as greatly rarefies the Blood. Camphor hath a no|table
<PB N="738" REF="333"> place in invigorating the motion of the Blood, but not where it is too much rarefied and Boils, for in &s;uch ca&s;es it makes the watching, thir&s;t and heat to be greater; whence it is bet|ter to u&s;e the tincture of Bezoar not &s;o much cam|phorated, or rather to have &s;ome other milder at hand.</P>
<P N="7">VII. When&s;oever therefore re&s;olution of the &s;trength is feared, and the Blood &s;tands more in need of a Bridle than a Spur, the more temperate bear away the bell and are to be preferr'd; and on the contrary.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de febr.</NOTE> So e&s;pecially <HI>Hofman</HI> ob&s;erves, that in a certain Epidemical Fever, joined with a colli|quative Sweat, Bole-Armen, and &s;ealed Earth were the only Remedies. But if any &s;hould give the &s;ame alone to promote the motion and fermentation of the Blood, he would make him|&s;elf ridiculous.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Where there is more need of Precipitation than Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, the Patients are to be le&s;s compel|led to Sweat; yea Sweat being too much forced does le&s;s good, even in continual Fevers. Hence tho&s;e do egregiou&s;ly err in their Practice, who in Tertians and Quartans by giving a febrifuge Pow|der before the Fit, do continually prompt and al|mo&s;t compel their Patient to Sweat; from whence we have ob&s;erved that a fear of a Con&s;umption and other no light Symptoms have &s;ometimes ari&s;en. Hence in driving out the Small Pox, al&s;o in malig|nant Fevers it is never advi&s;eable to force the Pa|tients too &s;trongly to Sweat, for by this means the <HI>Serum</HI> is too much con&s;umed, the Blood it &s;elf is more excited to ebullition, and the endeavour of Nature that is acting aright, un&s;ea&s;onably precipi|tated; and therefore 'tis better to continue a Dia|phore&s;is or gentle breathing, and to give Nature time, than &s;poil all by forcing; it is better to follow her, to lead and not drive her: that which Sweat performeth not, a thin dewine&s;s does.</P>
<P N="9">IX. They are le&s;s profitable where&s;oever <HI>Serum</HI> is wanting; yea and if it exceed, they are not &s;o good neither: for as, when it fails, Hydroticks do more exhau&s;t it; &s;o when it is &s;uperfluous, they cannot alone conquer and evacuate it: Hence for example, in the di&s;tracted and other cholerick Per&s;ons al&s;o the rule now given holds: whence in that ca&s;e either the more temperate only are to be cho&s;en, or they are not to be given without watry vehicles that increa&s;e the <HI>Serum</HI> &s;ub&s;tantially; which very thing holds of the drier &s;ort of People in general: Hence in hydropical Per&s;ons Diu|reticks and Purgers do more good than Diapho|reticks.</P>
<P N="10">X. In Phlegmatick Di&s;ea&s;es, and where the fir&s;t ways abound with vicious Humours, and the&s;e are fixed there as it were, they are not &s;o good. Hence Purgers and Vomiters are more univer&s;al Remedies as it were; and after the&s;e, when the thicker and more vi&s;cous Parts are taken away, the thin <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> remains is more fitly evacuated by Diaphoreticks. Hence in all Fevers indeed Diapho|reticks profit greatly; but in the intermitting that is diligently to be ob&s;erved, e&s;pecially in the Quo|tidian: The &s;ame thing is to be noted al&s;o in the Scab it &s;elf; and in a Cachexie Diaphoreticks have but a &s;econdary place, le&s;t they coagulate the Phlegm or <HI>Serum</HI> more that is already coagulated and too thick, le&s;t they di&s;turb the Humours, and more increa&s;e the impurities of the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wed<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i. de &s;an. rac. p. 170.</NOTE> which they &s;hould take away.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Diureticks.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their nature and di&s;tribution as to their <HI>u&s;e. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which of them are convenient when the <HI>Blood</HI> is too <HI>thick</HI> and <HI>tenacious. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Medicines are agreeable for a too loo&s;e <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is place for <HI>Saline</HI> Remedies. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we mu&s;t u&s;e <HI>Sulphureous. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their di&s;tinction as to their <HI>effect. VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not indifferently agreeable to all Affections and Hu|mours. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what Di&s;ea&s;es they are e&s;pecially convenient. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they expel the pituitous and &s;erous Humour. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They ought for the mo&s;t part to precede the u&s;e of Hydroticks or &s;weating Remedies. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Humours often are to be prepared before the admini&s;tra|tion of Diureticks. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They have a faculty to &s;eparate &s;erous Humours out of the ma&s;s of Blood. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All the Body may be drained by their help. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They do not always prerequire the Preparation of the Humours; and they may be given before the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame are not fitting for all. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Crudities do not always hinder their u&s;e. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let the Body be pure before the admini&s;tration of them. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their &s;ucce&s;s is doubtful. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They &s;hould be often u&s;ed to make them &s;ucce&s;sful. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be mixed with Meats. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue of the <HI>cold Seeds</HI> is in the husk. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Honey and Sugar increa&s;e their vertue. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;afe Preparation of <HI>Cantharides. XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of <HI>volatil Salts. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tartar requires but &s;mall Preparation. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Roots of <HI>A&s;arabacca</HI> become Diuretick. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some are gentle, &s;ome &s;trong. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the <HI>&s;tronger</HI> are to be u&s;ed. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Origins of many Di&s;ea&s;es happen for want of a due &s;eparation of the <HI>Serum:</HI> but as to this &s;eparation, &s;eeing there are faults of divers kinds, the offence is for the mo&s;t part either in defect or exce&s;s: for &s;ometimes the <HI>Serum</HI> does too pertinaciou&s;ly adhere to the Blood; and on the contrary, &s;ometimes it parts too &s;oon from it, and in this regard the Blood being not able to contain the <HI>Serum</HI> doth &s;pue it out of the mouths of the Arteries in many places and almo&s;t every where; and &s;o depo&s;iting it in the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> or the habit of the Body, procures an <HI>a&s;cites</HI> or <HI>ana&s;arca,</HI> and &s;ometimes &s;ending it off immoderately to the Kidneys it cau|&s;es a <HI>diabetes.</HI> When the Blood is too tenacious of the <HI>&s;erum,</HI> for the mo&s;t part it is <HI>either</HI> over hot through a Fever, having its <HI>compages</HI> too &s;trict, and the thicker Particles &s;o incorporated with it, that the thinner cannot ea&s;ily get therefrom; <HI>or</HI> being filled with &s;corbutick Salt and Sulphur, it becomes very clammy and tenacious, &s;o that the &s;ero&s;ities do difficultly &s;lide out of the embraces of the re&s;t. And &s;eeing the departure of the <HI>&s;erum</HI> from the Blood is hindred or perverted &s;o many ways, Diu|retick Medicines al&s;o are of a different Nature and Operation, which yet may be di&s;tingui&s;hed 1. as to the <HI>End,</HI> according to which they re&s;pect the ma&s;s of Blood, or the Kidneys, or both together; 2. as to the <HI>Matter,</HI> in which re&s;pect they are either Sul|phureous or &s;aline: And the&s;e again are various, according as the &s;aline Particles are in a &s;tate of fixity, fluor, or volatility; or are moreover nitrous or alkalizate: 3. As to the <HI>Form,</HI> the&s;e
<PB N="739" REF="333"> Medicines are of divers kinds, Drinks, Pow|ders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. When the Blood, through an incorporation and mutual combination of the fixed Salt with the Sulphur and Earth, becomes &s;o thick and tenacious, that the watry Particles do not ea&s;ily part from the re&s;t, the Diureticks which may loo&s;en its com|pages and fu&s;e the <HI>&s;erum,</HI> mu&s;t be of &s;uch a &s;ort, as are endued with a volatil or an acid Salt; for &s;uch Particles do chiefly di&s;&s;olve the combination that the fixed Salt has entred into: And &s;eeing this di&s;po|&s;ition is common both to the Fever and Scurvy, in the former the mo&s;t proper Diureticks are both the temperate acids of Vegetables, and al&s;o the Salt of Nitre, the &s;pirit of Sea-&s;alt, of Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> likewi&s;e tho&s;e endued with a volatil Salt, as the &s;pirit of Hart&s;horn, of Sal Armoniack, the Salt of the juice of Vipers. In a &s;corbutical Di&s;po&s;ition, when the Urine is both little and thick, the juices of Herbs, and both acrimonious and acid Prepara|tions are of notable u&s;e: al&s;o the &s;alt and &s;pirit of Urine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> of Sal Armon. of Tartar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. Sometimes the Blood keeps not its <HI>&s;erum</HI> long enough within its <HI>compages,</HI> but being &s;ubject to flu|xions or rather coagulations, and depo&s;iting the <HI>&s;erum</HI> here and there in great plenty, it rai&s;es Ca|tarrhs or Tumours in divers places: Or the Blood being habitually weak and withal dy&s;cratick or in|temperate, namely inclining to &s;owrne&s;s, is apt to coagulate as to its thicker Particles; &s;o that in the circulation the thinner being thrown off every where, and falling upon the weaker Parts, cau&s;e &s;ometimes Cephalick or Thoracick Di&s;tempers, &s;ometimes an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> or <HI>Ana&s;arca;</HI> and from a like cau&s;e we think a <HI>Diabetes</HI> al&s;o &s;prings: For many dangerous Di&s;ea&s;es, which are mi&s;takingly a&s;cribed to the dy&s;cra&s;ies of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> ari&s;e from this cau&s;e: namely ina&s;much as the Blood being of an evil temper, and liable to coagulations, cannot conti|nue the thread of the circulation entire, but in divers places depo&s;its the <HI>Serum</HI> that is too apt to depart from it. The Diureticks to be admini&s;ter'd in this ca&s;e are &s;uch as do not fu&s;e the Blood, but take away its coagulations, as are tho&s;e endued with a fixt, volatil, and al&s;o an alkalizate Salt; moreover tho&s;e that &s;trengthen and re&s;tore the Fer|ment of the Kidneys, as &s;ome &s;ulphureous and &s;pi|rituous. For the&s;e purpo&s;es are &s;ulphureous, and mixt Diureticks, the lixivial Salts of Herbs, Shell-Powders, the Salt and Spirit of Urine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Hog-lice, the roots of Hor&s;e Rhadi&s;h, the &s;eed of Smal|ledge, Nutmeg, Turpentine and its Preparations, the &s;pirit of Wine, the vertue of all which is not to fu&s;e the Blood, and to precipitate the Sero&s;ities out of its ma&s;s (the&s;e things acids chiefly do, and in tho&s;e ca&s;es often hinder making water) but to di&s;&s;olve the coagulations of the Blood, &s;o that its <HI>compages</HI> recovering an intire mixture, and being circulated more quickly through the Ve&s;&s;els, it re&s;orbs the <HI>Serum</HI> that was every where extrava|&s;ated and depo&s;ited, and at length delivers it to the Kidneys to be &s;ent off. We &s;hall &s;hew after|wards how the Diureticks of every kind ope|rate according to the&s;e two almo&s;t oppo&s;ite ends of curing.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As to <HI>&s;aline Diureticks,</HI> we mu&s;t know, that what Salts &s;oever of a different &s;tate are mixed to|gether, do catch hold of one another, and by and by are joined together; and while they are &s;o combined, that other Particles which are loo&s;e from the mixture, do retire by them&s;elves or fly away. This is &s;een when a fluid or acid Salt is joyned to a fixed or alkalizate; al&s;o when a fluid or fixed is put to a volatil or acrimonious. From this affection alone of the Salts does all the matter of all Solutions and Precipitations what&s;oever de|pend. Wherefore &s;eeing the Blood and Humours of our Body abound with very much Salt, which u&s;es to be diver&s;ly changed from one &s;tate to ano|ther, and thereupon to acquire a morbid di&s;po&s;ition; and &s;eeing moreover there are divers kinds of &s;aline Diaphoreticks, namely &s;uch as are endued with a fixt, fluid, nitrous, volatil and alkalizate Sal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, there will always be need of the great di&s;cretion and judgment of the Phy&s;ician, that the &s;aline Par|ticles in the Medicine differ from tho&s;e in our Body&punc; In what manner this &s;hould be done, we will &s;et forth by running through all the kinds of &s;aline Diureticks.</P>
<P N="1">1. Among&s;t the <HI>Diureticks</HI> imbued with <HI>an acid Salt,</HI> are the Spirits of Salt or Nitre; al&s;o the juice of Lemons and Sorrel, White Rheni&s;h Wine and Cy|der are of greate&s;t note with the vulgar, and of|ten perform that intention: For the&s;e alone fu&s;e the Blood and precipitate it into &s;ero&s;ities, as when an acid is poured into boiling Milk: But this happens not alike to all, nor equally to every one. In an healthful con&s;titution the Salt of the Blood is partly fixed, and partly nitrous, and partly volatil: Al&s;o in &s;ome Scorbutical and Drop&s;ical it becomes commonly fixt: wherefore in all the&s;e ca&s;es Diure|ticks endued with an acid Salt are given with &s;uc|ce&s;s. But in catarrhous Di&s;tempers and in &s;ome Drop&s;ical and Scorbutick, when the &s;aline-fixed Particles of the Blood are promoted to a &s;tate of <HI>fluor,</HI> and the volatil are depre&s;&s;ed (as often hap|pens) acetous Remedies u&s;e to do more hurt than good, ina&s;much as they yet more pervert the Blood that is already degenerated from its right <HI>cra&s;is:</HI> So that Medicines endued with a fixed or volatil Salt will be more profitable for the&s;e: As for example: <HI>Take of choice white Tar|tar, of</HI> Cry&s;tallum Minerale <HI>of each a Drachm and half, of Crabs Eyes a Drachm; make a Powder, the Do&s;e whereof is from half a Drachm to two Scruples,</HI> in a fit vehicle, repeating it once in &s;ix or eight hours.</P>
<P N="2">2. That Medicines endued with a <HI>fixed</HI> or <HI>lixi|vial</HI> Salt provoke Urine, appears plainly enough from the vulgar and empirical Remedy that is wont to be given for the cure of Drop&s;ies; namely it is u&s;ual in an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and &s;ometimes in an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> when the Bowels or Fle&s;h &s;well very much by a collection of Water, to give to drink a Lye made of the a&s;hes of Wormwood, Broom or Bean-&s;talks infu&s;ed in White-wine; whereupon it often hap|pens that there follows a plentiful Pi&s;&s;ing, and the Di&s;ea&s;e is cured. Yet I have ob&s;erved that in &s;ome that Remedy has not proved Diuretick, and has ra|ther increa&s;ed than cured the Drop&s;ical di&s;po&s;ition; the rea&s;on whereof if it be inquired, appears from what has been &s;aid above, That lixivial Salts do not fu&s;e or precipitate either Milk or Blood, and therefore are not Diuretick in their proper Na|ture: neverthele&s;s that effect &s;ometimes follows, ina&s;much as a fixed Salt being taken plentifully de&s;troys the energie of an acid and coagulative Salt prevailing in the Blood; &s;o that the Blood, being before too apt to be fu&s;ed, and not able to retain its <HI>Serum,</HI> but throwing it off in every place, does by the advent of a fixed Salt re|cover its due <HI>cra&s;is,</HI> and therefore re&s;orbing the extrava&s;ated <HI>Serum</HI> and conveying it continually to the Kidneys, cau&s;es a plentiful Pi&s;&s;ing. As for Example: <HI>Take of the Salt of Tartar or Wormwood two Drachms, of Coral calcin'd to whitene&s;s a Drachm and half; of Nutmeg half a Drachm; make a Powder, of which the Do&s;e is to two Scruples.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. For the &s;ame rea&s;on as a fixed Salt, is &s;ome|times al&s;o a <HI>volatil</HI> given with &s;ucce&s;s for pro|voking Urine in an acetous dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood: namely ina&s;much as its Particles being admitted into the Blood, de&s;troy the preva|lence of the fluid Salt therein; whereupon the Blood recovering its due mixture, and being freed from Coagulation and Catarrhs, re&s;orbs all the <HI>Serum</HI> that is extrava&s;ated, and delivers what is &s;uperfluous, to the Reins, to be &s;ent
<PB N="740" REF="334"> off by the Ureters. To this cla&s;s of Diureticks ought to be referr'd not only the pure and unmixt v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">latil Salt drawn from Animals or Mi|nerals by Di&s;tillation, but al&s;o the integral parts of Animals and Vegetables, (&s;uch as are the acrimonious Powders and Extracts of In&s;ects and Vegetables.)</P>
<P N="4">4. <HI>Nitre</HI> appears to be a certain kind of Salt, yet it is different from any other Salt, and is neither acid, nor fixt, nor volatil, but as it were in the mean betwixt both &s;tates. Thus far it partakes of a volatil Salt, that while it is made, when it &s;hould be lixiviated with the a&s;hes and joined with the fixed Salt, it acquires a certain concretion: moreover when it is melted, it is pre&s;ently &s;et on a flame and flies away upon throwing any kind of Sulphur upon it. But in this re&s;pect it communi|cates with a fixed Salt, that being melted in a Cru|cible it endures a long and it may be a perpetual fu&s;ion without any notable lo&s;s of Parts or Particles. Indeed Nitre is that by which all Plants vegetate, all Animals live and breathe, and all &s;ublunary flame or fire is kindled and fed. Now 'tis well enough known, that the Salt of Nitre cools the Blood, and powerfully provokes Urine, but the rea&s;on of both effects appears not &s;o clearly; ina&s;much as Nitre is &s;o far from containing cooling Particles in it &s;elf, that on the contrary nothing is more igni|parous or a greater breeder of fire. Nor is it le&s;s wonderful how this, who&s;e nature is &s;o fiery, &s;hould dilute the Blood &s;o, and fu&s;e it into aquo&s;ities for procuring Urine. As for my &s;elf, I think that Ni|tre contributes thereto, both as it is a Salt &s;ome|what akin to both a fixed and volatil, and al&s;o as it is a thing combu&s;tible. As to the fir&s;t, we ob&s;erve that Nitre (like fixed and volatil Salts) being put in Milk, does hinder or remove the coagulation thereof; likewi&s;e that Blood as yet hot being pou|red upon this, is pre&s;erved from coagulation and di&s;colouring no le&s;s than when it is poured upon tho&s;e: So that the Particles of Nitre being taken inwardly keep the mixture of the Blood intire or re&s;tore it, ina&s;much as they prevent or take away the fu&s;ions and coagulations of the &s;ame from which an <HI>ae&s;tus</HI> (or heat) and I&s;chury often &s;pring. And moreover Nitre, as it is fiery, being taken inwardly cools the burning Blood and provokes urine, ina&s;|much as by its advent kindling more the flame of the Blood that before was turbid and mixed with &s;moak, it makes it more clear and pure, and there|fore more mild: and &s;o &s;eeing the Blood, while it is made by the Nitre to burn more clear, is loo|&s;ened more in its <HI>compages,</HI> the &s;erous Particles are ea&s;ilier di&s;entangled and more plentifully depart from the thicker.</P>
<P N="5">5. 'Tis known that <HI>Shell Powders</HI> and &s;ome <HI>Stones,</HI> being endued with an Alkalizate or Petrefying Salt, do &s;ometimes provoke Urine, &s;eeing in great I&s;chu|ries (or Stoppages of Urine) the Powder of Egg|&s;hells, of Crabs Claws or Eyes, hath been a pre|&s;ent Remedy to &s;ome: The manner and rea&s;on of who&s;e operation if it be inquired, it is very clear that the&s;e Medicines do not fu&s;e, nor &s;en&s;ibly preci|pitate the Blood; and therefore we mu&s;t &s;ay that the&s;e things are &s;ometimes Diuretick in an acetous dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood and Humours, ina&s;much as by their combination they tye and bridle the acid Salts, &s;o that the Blood being freed from fluxions and coagulations, re&s;orbs the extrava&s;ated <HI>Serum</HI> and carries it to the Kidneys.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. But <HI>Saline</HI> Medicines are not only reckoned for Diureticks, but ju&s;tly al&s;o &s;ome <HI>Sulphureous</HI> and &s;pirituous, becau&s;e the&s;e often produce that effect. Mo&s;t Medicines derived from the Pine or Larch-tree, e&s;pecially Turpentine and its Preparations, the di&s;tilled Oils of Juniper, of Nutmeg, of Wax and other fat things taken inwardly, cau&s;e in mo&s;t a plentiful Urine, and that endued with a violet-like &s;mell. I have known in &s;ome hydropical and &s;corbutick Per&s;ons, that the Spirit of Wine and Strong waters, yea generous Wine it &s;elf being drunk largely has promoted Pi&s;&s;ing; the rea&s;on of all which is, that when the Blood being weak, or growing &s;owr, does not, either through the defect of Fermentation or the dominion of an acid and coagulative Salt, circulate briskly enough and equa|bly, and &s;o keep the &s;uperfluous <HI>Serum</HI> &s;o long with|in it &s;elf as till it may deliver it to the Kidneys, the fore&s;aid Remedies, by keeping the mixture of the Blood intire, or re&s;toring it when it faulters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem:</NOTE> con|duce to the provoking of Urine.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Helmont</HI> in his Treati&s;e <HI>of the Stone (c.</HI> 5. <HI>Sect.</HI> 17.) thus di&s;tingui&s;hes Diureticks as to their <HI>effects:</HI> 1. Some &s;harpen the Urine with a corro&s;ive Poi|&s;on, as <HI>Cantharides;</HI> 2. Others provoke an acidity, and leave it in the Urine and rai&s;e a Strangury, &s;uch as is new Beer or Ale; 3. Others make the Urine ab&s;ter&s;ive, as <HI>acidulae</HI> or Mineral waters, <HI>Vi|triolum Martis,</HI> Crabs eyes; and al&s;o the Herbs that every where are called Diuretick, and do all of them contain a volatil alkali, or at lea&s;t acquire it in Di|ge&s;tion: 4. Some &s;timulate the &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s of the <HI>Archeus,</HI> and increa&s;e in it the expul&s;ive Faculty, &s;uch as are Hor&s;e-rhadi&s;h, A&s;peragus, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 5. Some refre&s;h the Urine and Kidneys with a grateful &s;mell, as Mace, Nutmeg, Turpentine, Ma&s;tich, Juni|per, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as if the Kidneys being comforted by the Odour, became mindful of their office: 6. There are &s;ome al&s;o which from a lixivial alkali pa&s;s un|der dige&s;tion into an acrimony that clean&s;eth the pa&s;&s;ages of the Urine, like Soap, and &s;timulate the expul&s;ive Faculty, and incide the filth that &s;ticks to the pa&s;&s;ages; of which &s;ort are tho&s;e which are gathered from Shells and Stones, and the a&s;hes of things appropriate, and which alone &s;eem to de&s;erve the name of Lithontripticks or Stone|breakers, e&s;pecially if they be brought into a de|gree of volatility: 7. There is a kind of Diuretick which in a &s;mall quantity pours forth a great deal of Urine from the whole Body, as hog-lice, and what things &s;oever contain a volatil Nitre, and which by their property excite the &s;luggi&s;h Kidneys: 8. There is al&s;o a kind which is profitable for al|laying Pains in the Kidneys, comforting them when they he&s;itate; &s;uch a vertue there is in Saffron, Rhubarb and <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> when they are deprived of their loo&s;ening quality. I add tho&s;e al&s;o which not only by an ab&s;ter&s;ive Faculty, but al&s;o by a re&s;olutive thru&s;t forward, incide and expel the tartareous dro&s;s as well out of the Hypochondres as Kidneys: Thus Spirit of Sea-&s;alt, and of Vitriol are not on|ly Diuretick, but do moreover di&s;&s;olve the Tartar and bring it out by the urinary Pa&s;&s;ages. Seeing therefore there is great diver&s;ity of them, they are not every of them alike fit to be admini&s;tred to every affection and morbifick cau&s;e, but the na|ture of each is to be examined more accurately. Thus in the Drop&s;ie we fitly u&s;e tho&s;e which are properly called Diureticks, which make the Urine ab&s;ter&s;ive, and incide the filth that &s;ticks to the Pa&s;&s;ages, and by their acrimony excite the expul|&s;ive Faculty: but tho&s;e are not to be u&s;ed here which yield much watrine&s;s. Likewi&s;e Diureticks properly &s;o called are good when there &s;tick thick tartareous Humours in the Hypochondres and all the Veins; for the&s;e can attenuate, re&s;olve, ab|&s;terge and &s;end them forth by Urine. The morbi|fick cau&s;e al&s;o is to be well examin'd; for we mu&s;t fir&s;t le&s;&s;en its plenty through other places of excre|tion, le&s;t whil'&s;t it ru&s;hes into the narrow Veins it ob&s;truct them. If there be acrimonious, &s;alt and other &s;owr Humours pre&s;ent in the Body, their acrimony is fir&s;t to be mitigated or contemper'd, either by &s;pecifick dige&s;tives, or other appropriate Precipitants, le&s;t they affect the re&s;t of the Parts in their pa&s;&s;age. If la&s;tly the urinary Pa&s;&s;ages al&s;o and other adjacent Ve&s;&s;els be either exulcerated or inflamed, or labour under &s;ome &s;uch Di&s;temper,
<PB N="741" REF="334"> the vitious Humours &s;tagnating in the Body are not fitly moved by Diureticks to the&s;e affected and weak parts, unle&s;s the matter of the Ulcers be withdrawn both by Cly&s;ters and Catharticks. When the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are ob&s;tructed, unle&s;s the Diure|ticks be of that nature as to open, and ab&s;terge the Humours withal, they will procure a greater mi&s;|chief to the Sick, and often do &s;o prejudice the Bowels appointed for Concoction, that a Cachexie after a while en&s;ues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman. m. m. l. 1. c. 12.</NOTE> See an example in <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> in <HI>Epi&s;t. Med. &s;.</HI> 8.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It is to be noted, that all <HI>Diureticks</HI> are not indifferently convenient in any di&s;temper or Hu|mour, for the benefiting of the &s;ick by provoking Urine: but one is to be u&s;ed in one Di&s;ea&s;e or of|fending Humour, and another in another. Some indeed are good for bringing out Choler, and o|thers phlegm offending, by Urine: Proper for Choler are the juice of Citron, the emul&s;ion of Barley, Straw-berries, the Spirit of Salt, the Salt of Tartar vitriolated, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and for Phlegm, among&s;t Chymical Medicines, the volatil Salt of Urine, and otherwi&s;e all volatil Salts, the di&s;tilled oils of Ju|niper-berries, of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> yea and al&s;o the A|cids commended ju&s;t now for choler, becau&s;e they no le&s;s alter-Phlegm (yea Acids drive it forth by Urine) than do Aromaticks and &s;uch as con&s;i&s;t of a volatil Salt, as experience alone has taught us: yet the latter are for the mo&s;t part ob&s;erved to be the better, and fitter for re&s;toring health, &s;eeing they not only correct Phlegm, but al&s;o pre&s;erve the Cho|ler in its natural &s;tate:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Sylv. de le Boe tract. 6. &sect; 251.</NOTE> But Acids though they in|cide Phlegm and promote its pa&s;&s;ing out by Urine, yet they do withal infringe Choler, and carry it from its natural &s;tate, and in that re&s;pect hurt.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Diureticks</HI> are mo&s;t proper in tho&s;e Di&s;ea|&s;es that are firmly rooted, and have their founda|tion in a <HI>Tartareous Saline Dro&s;s,</HI> in which it is pro|fitable to evacuate by little and little the occa&s;io|nal cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e by the Urinary pa&s;&s;ages. Thus in the Hypochondriack and Scorbutick we empty out of the Body tho&s;e Tartareous Humours, and preternatural Salts tinged with a Scorbutick ferment and &s;pringing from depraved dige&s;tions; I &s;ay we empty the&s;e out of the Body more fitly by degrees by Diuretick aperitives, otherwi&s;e called Anti&s;corbuticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frider. Hof|man. m. m. lib. 1. c. 12.</NOTE> which withal &s;aturate the force of the excited Salts, than by bare Sudorificks or Purgers only.</P>
<P N="9">IX. By what means do <HI>Diureticks</HI> provoke U|rine, and together with it drive forth the <HI>pituitous</HI> and <HI>&s;erous Humour,</HI> &s;eeing they differ very much one from another both in ta&s;te and &s;mell, and other &s;en|&s;ible qualities? That this may the more ea&s;ily ap|pear, we mu&s;t know, that we here &s;peak proper|ly of tho&s;e Diureticks that draw forth &s;erous and Phlegmatick Humours abounding in the Body; wherefore the rea&s;on of that &s;uperfluity is fir&s;t to be con&s;idered, which is &s;eldom one alone, but mo&s;t often manifold. For <HI>Serum</HI> or Phlegm abound in the ma&s;s of Blood, either becau&s;e they are not &s;eparated from it, or becau&s;e they are produced in &s;o great plenty, that they cannot be &s;ufficiently &s;eparated and di&s;charged from it. If the <HI>Serum</HI> or Phlegm <HI>(pituita)</HI> be not &s;eparated from the ma&s;s of Blood, I think that happens not &s;o much through the fault of the Kidneys as of the ma&s;s of Blood it &s;elf, yea all the fault that is &s;ometimes ob&s;erva|ble in the Kidneys, is for the mo&s;t part to be de|duced from the &s;ame ma&s;s of Blood, &s;eldom from their own primary fault, which then is to be de|duced chiefly from external cold, or heat. Now the &s;eparation of the <HI>Serum</HI> and Phlegm from the Blood, fails for the mo&s;t part through a more inti|mate conjunction and union of the parts of the Blood than was fitting, whence there u&s;es to be &s;eparated and expelled not only le&s;s Urine, but le&s;s al&s;o of the contents that u&s;e to be &s;eparated and expelled together with the Urine, when they abound in the Body and all things are well. And that more intimate union of the parts of the Blood through which neither the <HI>Serum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;c. de le Bo&euml; tract. 6. &sect; 263. &amp;c. <HI>See more there accord|ing to his</HI> Hypothe&s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> nor other things to be &s;eparated with it can be &s;eparated or expel|led, happens, according to my hypothe&s;es, through an acid, &s;ometimes and more &s;eldom through a more pure &s;alt Lye in the Body, whence there is a more intimate conjunction and union of all the parts of the Blood.</P>
<P N="10">X. Whether <HI>ought Diureticks precede the u&s;e of Sudori|ficks?</HI> We mu&s;t know that &s;weat may &s;ometimes be provoked without provoking Urine, e&s;pecially when the Humours are only contained in the ex|treme Ve&s;&s;els: But it is far &s;afer if Diureticks precede, fir&s;t, Becau&s;e the Phy&s;ician does not cer|tainly know whether the &s;erous Humours are re|tained in the greater Ve&s;&s;els,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Ho&s;m. m. m. l. 1. c. 12.</NOTE> or only in the ex|treme. Secondly, Becau&s;e it is ea&s;ier to provoke Urine than &s;weat, and we mu&s;t always begin with the ea&s;ier.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t note by the way, that as &s;weat does not always pre&s;ently follow the u&s;e of Sudorificks; &s;o there does not always pre&s;ently follow an ex|cretion of much Urine and &s;uch as is full of vicious Humours, upon the taking of Diureticks: The rea&s;on whereof is manife&s;t; for when the vicious Humours are not apt or di&s;po&s;ed for &s;eparation and con&s;equently for expul&s;ion, there ought to pre|cede &s;uch a preparation of them as is requi&s;ite to it, that is, a kindly &s;eparation and &s;ecretion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;c. de le Bo&euml; Meth. Med lib. 2. c. 12.</NOTE> upon the performance whereof there readily follows an expul&s;ion of them: Now mo&s;t Diureticks prepare for excretion, and &s;eparate the vitious Humours no le&s;s than expell them.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Diureticks have a notable faculty to &s;epa|rate from the ma&s;s of Blood the vitious Humours that are more intimately mixed therewith, and to prepare them for &s;ome manner of excretion: wherefore among&s;t Diureticks tho&s;e are always to be cho&s;en which have moreover a faculty to correct the offending Humour. That I may now omit tho&s;e Medicines which are vulgarly known, I here greatly commend the <HI>&s;weet Spirit of Salt and Nitre</HI> as the mo&s;t agreeable for correcting Choler that is more Acrimonious and encrea&s;es the burning,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ap|pend. tract. 10. &sect; 832.</NOTE> as al|&s;o for glutinous Phlegm, and is withal Diuretick.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Among&s;t the ways of evacuation <HI>Diure&s;is</HI> (or purging by Urine) is of the greate&s;t profit; for by its u&s;e and help &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es are often cu|red, as neither Purging nor Bleeding nor other e|vacuation could root out. And this is univer&s;al, and is reckoned among the <GAP DESC="foreign"> or common evacuations by<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Lib. de art. Med. c. 99.</NOTE> <HI>Galen;</HI> and though it purge primarily the gibbous or upper &s;ide of the Liver, the Kidneys, Bladder, and the Ve&s;&s;els that belong to the&s;e, and evacuate the watry and &s;erous Humour; yet by a certain con&s;equence it may purge the other parts of the Body al&s;o and all both Veins and Arteries. Nor does it only purge forth that part of the <HI>Serum</HI> which like a vehicle hath carried the aliment to the parts, and having done its office tendeth to the urinary pa&s;&s;ages and is by them expelled, but together with the <HI>Serum</HI> Tartare|ous Salt and other Acrimonious Humours: Hereby the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are freed from many impurities where|with they abound; &s;uperfluous Tartareous Hu|mours being incided and attenuated are exhau&s;ted, the whole ma&s;s of Blood is re&s;tored to its integrity and the con&s;titution of the Body is rendred firm and temperate: &s;o that by this &s;ort of evacuation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. m. m. l. 1. c. 12.</NOTE> what is fitting being premi&s;ed very many Di&s;ea&s;es u&s;e to be cured.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The time of the Di&s;ea&s;e fitte&s;t for the <HI>Diu|re&s;is</HI> is either univer&s;al, or particular. They com|monly &s;ay that the Humours are fir&s;t to be prepa|red; and that it is not convenient in the begin|ning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, nor in the augment, when the matter being as yet crude would rather be agita|ted than evacuated; but in the declen&s;ion, rarely
<PB N="742" REF="335"> in the &s;tate. But this opinion being under&s;tood of Diureticks taken generally and indifferently, fails greatly: For there are Diureticks that are withal dige&s;tives, which by &s;trengthning the fer|ments of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> do powerfully re&s;olve the mor|bous excrements that they meet with in their way, do open ob&s;tructions, attenuate thick Humours, drink up acids, bridle the ebullition of the Blood, and by making the Urine ab&s;ter&s;ive expel the Tar|tareous Mucilage, &s;uch as are <HI>D. Mabius's tinctura a|peritiva, Spiritus Martis &s;triat. Arcanum tartari &s;oluti, Sal Martis aperitivum diureticum,</HI> &amp;c. The&s;e indeed may be given with great benefit, and may be born well by the Sick in any term of the Di&s;ea&s;e e&s;pecially chronical, what is convenient being premi&s;ed, and &s;trengthning Cordials u&s;ed between whiles: But &s;uch as are not of this &s;ort, but do only plentifully eliquate the Urine, and have an attenuating facul|ty joyned with a watrine&s;s, e&s;pecially the &s;tronger hot ones, are not convenient till the matter be concocted or dige&s;ted, and the <HI>impetus</HI> and fury of the morbifick matter allayed: But the former may be good even when the matter is as yet crude, as <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf teaches, who before con|coction gives a decoction of Smalledge and Dill, (1 <HI>ad Glauc. c.</HI> 9.) For they concoct the crude Hu|mours, and make a &s;eparation of them from the ma&s;s of Blood, and expel them by Urine; they cau&s;e the morbifick matter to follow Nature, and them&s;elves emulate Nature. Whence al&s;o we &s;ee, that in Fevers as well continual as intermitting, af|ter we have u&s;ed them, the Urine that was crude becomes concocted, and the febrile heat and other Symptoms remit. Where yet we mu&s;t note from <HI>Galen (Meth. Med. c. ult.)</HI> that if there be plentiful matter in the fir&s;t wayes, we may fir&s;t u&s;e Loo&s;en|ers: in which ca&s;e I al&s;o am of opinion that 'tis be&s;t to mix Diureticks and Loo&s;eners together.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. Such Diureticks may be &s;afely given to In|fants, Children, Women that are with Child or are Lying in, as con&s;i&s;t of an ab&s;ter&s;ive vertue from an alkali, and by their kindly acrimony incide and purge out the filth of the Urinary wayes, &s;uch as the &s;tone of Perches, Crabs-Eyes, <HI>lapis Judaicus, Ne|phriticus, Spongiae,</HI> the Stones of Fruits and their a&s;hes. Hot and dry Bodies are not long nor vehemently to be forced to Purge by Urine by hot Diuretick De<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">octions, &s;eeing fr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m their u&s;e an Inflammation of the Liver, a Fever and an extenuation of the whole Body may follow. On the contrary, the fat, the cold, &s;uch as have a &s;oft and loo&s;e Skin, and abound with a watry Humour and thin juices, are ve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y fit to be purged by Urine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. Tho&s;e who u&s;e <HI>Diureticks</HI> in &s;uch as abound wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h crudities, for the mo&s;t part hurt the Sick, be|cau&s;e very often crudity does more in prohibiting than indicating: I &s;ay often, not alwayes, becau&s;e whil&s;t the Urine is detained in the upper parts and is altogether &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, although there be great crudity, yet neverthele&s;s we have recour&s;e to the mo&s;t powerful Diureticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">San<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tor. Met. l. 15. c. 10.</NOTE> &s;uch as <HI>Canthari|des.</HI></P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t never deal with Diureticks, e&s;pe|cially &s;uch as are veh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ment, in pa&s;&s;ions of the Reins or Bladder that depend on much juice, before the whole Body be purged, and there be made the greate&s;t revul&s;ion by vomit that may be, and deri|vation to the inte&s;tins, and that is to be done by Medicines that are mild and are void of a malig|nant quality (not &s;o far as that they have nothing of an attractive:) Becau&s;e tho&s;e which purge vio|lently, do al&s;o provoke Urine and the Terms; and even upon this account cau&s;e Abortions, as ju&s;tly &s;eemed to <HI>Averrces.</HI> For if while the Body is full of bad juices a Diuretick be given, and that be weak or moderate, it will certainly cau&s;e the ex|crements to flow together towards the ways affec|ted, and to be heaped and crammed up there, by which means they will be the le&s;s apt to go forth: And if a violent one be given, &s;o that it is able to break through this &s;toppage al&s;o, the &s;ame will al&s;o have the power to exulcerate, whereby it will ex|ulcerate the Stomach and Inte&s;tines before it come at the place affected, and &s;o will irritate both the upper and lower part of the Belly, and al&s;o by the pain that it cau&s;es will call excrements to the Bel|ly; and it will come to pa&s;s, that what was given as a Diuretick, will by accident act the part of a Vomit or Purge, but with great mi&s;chief to the Pa|tient,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. l. 5. Epid. p. 480.</NOTE> &s;eeing it does not Purge by an attractive fa|culty, but corrupts by an exulceratory.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. After the tryal of Medicines of all &s;orts for 29 years, I have hardly ob&s;erved, that Diure|ticks, which quickly pa&s;s through by Urine, do e|vacuate excrements more than u&s;ual: And let the Readers know, that there are no Medicines which &s;o purge by Urine, as there are that purge by &s;tool. Becau&s;e that is &s;aid to be Diuretick which moves by Urine, I &s;ee not why a Diuretick &s;hould carry with it &s;uch things as ought to be Purged: For Mineral Waters are called Diuretick, becau&s;e they them&s;elves pa&s;s; nay there are rarely found Diu|reticks which are altogether and wholly evacuated by Urine: For if any one drink ten pints of Mine|ral Waters, and there pa&s;s out by Urine, nine or ten pints, &s;uch will be e&s;teemed very good Diure|ticks: but we &s;ay not &s;o of purging Phy&s;ick, be|cau&s;e half a &s;cruple of <HI>diagridium</HI> will evacuate an Hundred &s;cruples and more of excrements. The &s;ame we &s;ay of other things, for the &s;mell of <HI>A&s;pe|ragus</HI> pa&s;&s;es by Urine, but it carries little or nothing with it of other excrements; yea the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Fly that provokes Urine the mo&s;t &s;trongly, cau&s;es heat by driving forth only a few drops of Urine, and not any great quantity of it or other excrements. It would be indeed a great happine&s;s if &s;uch Diure|ticks were to be had in the Shops,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. Art. parv. c. 89. partic. 84. &amp; cap. 94. partic. 7.</NOTE> as would eva|cuate by Urine not only them&s;elves, but more o|ther excrements contained in the Veins, becau&s;e they would expeditely overcome all tho&s;e evils that are contained in the Veins.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. The continued u&s;e of Diureticks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Walaeus m. m. p. 71.</NOTE> as if they be taken Morning, Noon and Night, doth encrea&s;e their vertue and efficacy.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Diureticks</HI> ought not to be mixed with meats. I do not indeed reject Pottage of Roots, Herbs and other aperitives, but yet they mu&s;t not be &s;upt at Dinner, but an hour or two before: for if they be mixed with other meats, it is to be fear|ed they will hurry the undige&s;ted chyle along with them&s;elves. How great their vertue is, <HI>Pi|graeus (lib.</HI> 10. <HI>cap.</HI> 20.) &s;peaking of the Spaw-Wa|ters &s;hews, <HI>viz.</HI> that they hurry along with them what&s;oever they meet with, even Anni&s;eed comfits them&s;elves whole. A Citizen of <HI>Friburg</HI> being ta|ken with a &s;toppage of Urine, and &s;uffering great pains for &s;ome dayes, and having taken many things in vain, at length, having fir&s;t purged, took Crab-fi&s;h &s;tamped with Winter-Cherries, whereby Urine was &s;o provoked,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fab. Hilda|nus Cent. 3. ob&s;. 72.</NOTE> that the &s;tones of the Winter-Cherries were expelled with this Urine, and that not without the greate&s;t pain and torment.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t note concerning the cold Seeds, that their Diuretick vertue re&s;ides mo&s;t in their husks, for the pulp doth moi&s;ten and nouri&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Meth. ad prax. l. 1. p. m. 110.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. We mu&s;t learn from <HI>Galen</HI> that when our intention is to provoke Urine, the Remedies are to be taken with Sugar or Honey: Therefore <HI>A&s;|clepiades</HI> &s;aith,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. prae|lect. pract. part. 2. cap. 23.</NOTE> that a Remedy of Cichory or Endive (pre&s;cribed on account of the Liver) provokes U|rine becau&s;e it is made up with Honey: The &s;ame we may think of Sugar.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. I will open the &s;afe&s;t way to u&s;e <HI>Canthari|des</HI> by infu&s;ion: Let a &s;cruple of <HI>Cantharides</HI> being powdered be infu&s;ed in three or four ounces of Rheni&s;h Wine or Brandy, and let it &s;tand in Infu|&s;ion for &s;ome dayes, then filtre it through brown Paper that nothing of the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Canthari|des</HI>
<PB REF="335"> be mixed with the Liquor: Mix one &s;poonful of the &s;trained Liquor in &s;even of Wine or Beer; and of this mixture give to drink the fir&s;t day one Spoonful, the &s;econd two, and &s;o on. In a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea,</HI> &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine and the Stone, Mr. Dr. <HI>Jac. Franc. Kotzone</HI> found a good &s;ucce&s;s of this prepared Potion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Barth. Cent. 5. Ob&s;. 82.</NOTE> Chymi&s;ts write truly, that Salt is the chief Diuretick, hence <HI>Cantharides</HI> mo&s;t pow|erfully provoke Urine, for they are endued with an acrimonious volatil cau&s;tick Salt that is meltable in the Urine, which being received into the Ve&s;&s;els does therefore &s;o &s;timulate in the Reins and Blad|der,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel.</NOTE> as both to erode, and cau&s;e a Bloody Urine.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Volatil Salts</HI> being taken for continuance, even together with meat, bring Phlegm down to the Kidneys, and carry it out with the Urine; ina&s;much as they not only incide and correct gluti|nous Phlegm, but drive forward part thereof to the wayes of Urine, and expel it in the form of &s;e|diment, which yet fails in the Urine by little and little, and in that very re&s;pect yields an undoubt|ed &s;ign that the greate&s;t part of the Phlegm is cor|rected and overcome: Which I would have to be taken notice of here for the &s;ake of the Juniors, becau&s;e there are &s;ome Seniors, who being le&s;s ver&s;ed in the preparation of the more powerful volatil Salts, and therefore al&s;o le&s;s accu&s;tomed to ob&s;erve their virtues, do make &s;light of them not without &s;ome &s;u&s;picion of envy:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Sylvi|us de le Bo&euml; pract. lib. 1. cap. 34.</NOTE> Thus many find fault with tho&s;e things they do not under&s;tand, nor will be at the pains to learn.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Let <HI>Tartar</HI> with its off-&s;pring carry the Bell among&s;t Diureticks, and let it be of the choi|cer &s;ort, and as if it had been cry&s;tallized of it &s;elf: what hinders why it &s;hould not be given wa&s;hed only, (as we have long and &s;ecurely u&s;ed to do even with the &s;hining red) without any depuration (invented by &s;ome Mens too great officiou&s;ne&s;s) which manife&s;tly carries away the mo&s;t &s;ubtil part (as the remaining water that &s;erves for the &s;olution of many things teaches) but not wholly the areno&s;i|ties: or if any fear &s;ome feculency (which yet is very full of volatil Salt) let him depurate it only once and that warily, (as it commonly comes un|der the name of <HI>Acidum Tartari</HI>) without the vain affectations or &s;eparate repo&s;itions of the white,<NOTE PLACE="marg">D. Ludovici pharm. 386.</NOTE> cream or cry&s;tals (that are indeed indifferent.)</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. The Roots of <HI>crude A&s;arum,</HI> though they cau&s;e Vomit with great anxiety; yet being boiled in water and not in Wine, they are changed into a deoppilative Diuretick and a Remedy for &s;low Fevers, which &s;hews that there is an <HI>aroma</HI> hid therein: To this as to the only Remedy did <HI>D. Oheimius</HI> fly in long continued Fevers that depend|ed on inveterate ob&s;tructions of the Hypochon|dres.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofin. m. m. l. 1. cap. 12.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Now among&s;t Diureticks I ob&s;erve that two &s;orts are recommended by Authors, &s;ome more <HI>gentle</HI> that bring no force upon the Body; and others more <HI>violent,</HI> which finding no noxious Humours in the Body to act or put forth their vertue upon, or that may al&s;o blunt them, do bring harm to the Body, yea expel pure Blood (and &s;ometimes the Soul with it) together with the Urine; and therefore the&s;e are dangerous and &s;u|&s;pected by me, and I think we &s;hould neither u&s;e them ra&s;hly nor often. Among&s;t the&s;e are <HI>fir&s;t</HI> the <HI>Scorpion,</HI> the a&s;hes whereof, being burnt, are given in Wine, even according to the Ancients, to pro|voke Urine. <HI>Secondly, Hog-lice,</HI> who&s;e juice they give pre&s;&s;ed out with Wine. <HI>Thirdly, Cantharides,</HI> who&s;e u&s;e is frequent enough in a virulent <HI>Gonorrhoea</HI> (See their preparation &sect; 23.) <HI>Fourthly, May worms</HI> that are black,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; m. m. l. 2. c. 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></NOTE> very &s;tinking and powerfully provoke Urine in the Feet-gout.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. But we mu&s;t note that the&s;e latter Diureticks are not &s;o proper for bringing out by Urine Humours abiding in the Blood or other|where, as for expelling the Urine already &s;epara|ted: &s;o that the gentle Diureticks are more uni|ver&s;al and to be u&s;ed in all ca&s;es; the&s;e latter more particular and more proper in &s;ome certain Di&s;tempers: The&s;e latter, ina&s;much as they &s;ome|times drive forth pure Blood in&s;tead of Humours from the Blood, or offend otherwi&s;e, are de&s;erved|ly reputed dangerous Medicines, and therefore not to be u&s;ed but with great, continual and pru|dent caution: yet they may be &s;ometimes (but prudently) u&s;ed where the <HI>more gentle</HI> have been given in vain, and where a great malady urgeth; always attending to the effect, which as long as 'tis good, their u&s;e may be per&s;i&s;ted in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but a&s;&s;oon as the lea&s;t hurt is ob&s;erved, we mu&s;t cea&s;e from their further u&s;e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Emmenagogues,</HI> or provokers of the Terms. (<HI>See</HI> Men&s;ium &s;uppre&s;&s;io <HI>Book XII.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They either re&s;pect the wayes. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the coagulated Blood it &s;elf. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they promote its rarefaction. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they &s;timulate and do both. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or they re&s;tore the Blood it &s;elf. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be given to Women with Child. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be given to all indifferently. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The order to be ob&s;erved in the u&s;e of Remedies. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MEdicines provoking the Terms re&s;pect ei|ther <HI>the wayes,</HI> which namely ought to be free in all the microco&s;mick Common-wealth, &s;uch as are both all Aperients, except the acid and ni|trous, which namely are contrary to the other in|tention, unle&s;s the &s;ame be &s;o directed that under the dominion of others they may a&s;&s;i&s;t the action of the &s;ame: <HI>Baths</HI> al&s;o do greatly help here, which both by their gentle heat and their notable vertue to moi&s;ten, do very well open the pa&s;&s;ages: Like|wi&s;e <HI>&s;uffumigations</HI> that loo&s;en the Pores and draw away <HI>mucus,</HI> belong hither; as for example, <HI>Timaeus</HI> in his Coun&s;els commends the &s;uffumigation of <HI>Colo|quintida</HI> received into the Womb by a Funnel, which Remedy takes place after Bathing. And therefore by experience your <HI>Emmenagoga</HI> denote nothing el&s;e but &s;pecifick uterine Aperients.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or they re&s;pect <HI>the Blood it &s;elf,</HI> the &s;tate whereof as the Terms do in a &s;pecial manner &s;hew, &s;o do <HI>they</HI> altogether follow the condition thereof. Now tho&s;e are notable <HI>Emmenagogues</HI> which promote the motion of the Blood; which <HI>in &s;pecie</HI> they do two manner of wayes, either <HI>fir&s;t</HI> they take away the impediments that fix as it were and coagulate the Blood, which are two, <HI>acid Humours</HI> and <HI>Phlegma|tick,</HI> or <HI>coagulated Serum:</HI> among&s;t the&s;e are Martial Medicines (for in&s;tance) <HI>Crocus aperitivus Sulphuratus,</HI> with Salts, <HI>Quercetan's</HI> Cachectick powder, his Sto|machick powder: yea &s;ome give the infu&s;ion of the crude filings of Steel or Gold with the &s;ame in|tention, that they may ab&s;orb and repre&s;s the con|&s;tringing acidity: but tho&s;e Steel-Remedies are be&s;t that have withal a faculty to moi&s;ten, as the tincture of Steel pomated or cydoniated, which are excellent; the tartareous tincture of Steel, and the like, that at the &s;ame time both the drine&s;s may be re&s;pected, and the deficient fermentation of the Blood promoted, and others that liquate, fu&s;e, re&s;olve and attenuate the coagulating <HI>Serum</HI> or Phlegm, &s;uch as are bitter things and others of thin parts.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="744" REF="336">III. Or <HI>Secondly</HI> they promote its <HI>rarefaction,</HI> and &s;timulate, that upon the excitation and exaltation of its Sulphureous and volatil Saline particles, it may become the more active, and lo&s;ing its &s;lug|gi&s;h lentor or clammine&s;s may take up more room in quality and motion; to which belong all <HI>Bal&s;a|micks,</HI> volatil and mean, as well <HI>Sulphureous,</HI> for in|&s;tance, Saffron, Myrrh, Bay-berries, Savin; like|wi&s;e the di&s;tilled oyls of Savin, Cinnamon, Balm, Saffron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as <HI>Saline,</HI> fixed and volatil Salts, the tincture of Tartar, <HI>Borax,</HI> &s;alt of Mugwort, of Salt and Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Spirit of Sal Armoniack, Harts-horn, the volatil Salt of Amber. Hence is this practick rule appropriated to both intentions, <HI>Tho&s;e things that provoke urine, do for the mo&s;t part al&s;o provoke the Terms.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Or they both <HI>&s;timulate</HI> and <HI>rarefie:</HI> and hither belong even Purgers them&s;elves, ina&s;much as they do not only attenuate and bring out the antece|dent cau&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> vi&s;cid and clammy Humours, and &s;o open and re&s;pect the ways; but al&s;o help the rarefaction and fermentation of the Blood, &s;o that the flux returns on the very day whereon the Purge is taken. And among&s;t other things Aloes al&s;o helps here, whence <HI>Frid. Hofman</HI> relates that he had a Maid, who&s;e Terms could be no other ways promoted, but by the u&s;e of <HI>pil. Ruffi.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Or <HI>they re&s;tore, and recruit the Blood it &s;elf,</HI> and &s;o make it fluxile, whither belong Re&s;toratives and a full Diet; for it would be ab&s;urd, if it fail in quan|tity, to promote its motion. Hence as women have a more &s;erous and fluxile Blood, namely &s;uch as is apter for turge&s;cency, and on this very ac|count acquire a &s;erous <HI>Plethora;</HI> &s;o we mu&s;t al&s;o wholly provide for this.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Emmenagogues</HI> are not to be given to women with Child, whence they are always warily to be pre&s;cribed to tho&s;e we &s;u&s;pect for whores, when they complain of an ob&s;truction of their Terms: for though, unle&s;s when there is a di&s;po&s;ition to abortion, they often drink the decoction of Savin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in vain, yet in a doubtful ca&s;e we mu&s;t not a&s;cend above Steel-Remedies and moderate Aperients. Neither are too hot Medicines to be given to Wo|men with Child, &s;uch as heighten the rarefaction of the Blood: for as Women with Child through &s;uch preternatural rarefaction and fermentation, or being &s;eized upon by burning Fevers, u&s;e for the mo&s;t part to have their Terms preternatu|rally, and con&s;equently to &s;uffer abortion; &s;o we mu&s;t much le&s;s intend that by Medicines, which al|&s;o is the very rea&s;on why Purgers are not &s;o con|venient.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Aperients alone, or provokers alone are not to be u&s;ed indifferently: Phy&s;icians often err egregiou&s;ly who gives Term-provoking decoctions, yea the di&s;tilled oyls of Juniper or Savin, the Spi|rit of Sal Armoniack and the like all day long and indifferently, thinking the&s;e to be Specificks, where|as tho&s;e are chiefly to be e&s;teemed for &s;uch which &s;atisfie this or that more &s;pecial intention.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. 'Tis therefore the be&s;t to begin with Ape|rients, and to &s;ubjoin Provokers or drivers, both internal and external: Hence for a week or two before the accu&s;tomed time, are wont to be given Aperients, moi&s;teners, dige&s;tives, preparers; yea Purgers them&s;elves and Blood-letting, upon which the hinge of the matter turns,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 189.</NOTE> are not to be made u&s;e of at another time; for if they be, the whole curation will be to no purpo&s;e and ineffectual.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Frictions.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether they be convenient when a crude juice abounds. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are &s;u&s;pected in hot and cold Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they evacuate all the Body. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scratching &s;upplies the place of Friction. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. FRiction or cha&s;ing may &s;eem to &s;ome to be in|convenient for tho&s;e in whom is heaped up a plenty of crude juices, becau&s;e<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">4. deruend. valerud.</NOTE> <HI>Galen</HI> writes, that tho&s;e who have but little good Blood, and abun|dance of crude Humour, mu&s;t neither be bled, nor purged, nor mu&s;t they u&s;e exerci&s;e or bathing; and therefore neither friction, &s;eeing <HI>it</HI> al&s;o moves the Humours: and becau&s;e he forbids bathing, which hath the &s;ame vertues as friction, &s;eeing both draw towards the Skin. <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o in<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Meth. c. 4.</NOTE> another place, in the cure of Fevers that ari&s;e from ob|&s;truction, forbids to clean&s;e the Skin before the evacuation of the whole Body, le&s;t a crude ab&s;ter|&s;ion draw to the Skin, whence there will be a greater ob&s;truction of the pores; which &s;ame thing will happen upon friction. But <HI>Galen</HI> is in|deed of a contrary opinion: for (<HI>in lib. de &s;. m. c.</HI> 6.) he &s;ays thus of this affection, that tho&s;e who are &s;o affected are not to be evacuated by Bleeding, but by frictions and indifferently heating unctions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And 12. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 3. he cures tho&s;e who fall into a &s;wooning through the abundance of crude Hu|mours, by much and &s;trong friction of the whole Body: yet he denies bathing to the &s;ame per&s;ons, which though it have the like vertue as friction, yet differs there from in that it rather melts the Humours, than incides and attenuates them; whereas friction does the contrary. Hence it comes to pa&s;s that bathing cau&s;es fluxions, tho&s;e Humours flowing which are melted; I &s;ay it cau&s;es a di&s;tribution of crude Humours, which friction does not do, as attenuating more than melting: wherefore where there is need of moi&s;tening, <HI>Ga|len</HI> u&s;es bathing rather; and where of opening ob|&s;tructions, friction rather. But friction al&s;o draws towards the Skin, wherefore it will al&s;o encrea&s;e ob&s;tructions. I &s;aid, that friction as it draws, does likewi&s;e attenuate: and &s;eeing it draws le&s;s than bathing and extenuates more, it is the far more pro|fitable of the two in this affection: and be&s;ides what is already &s;aid, if by chance it &s;hould cau&s;e &s;omething of ob&s;truction by extracting the crude Humours, that might be amended by anointing with &s;ome oyl that is moderately heating and con|cocting: &s;o that friction and unction ought to be u&s;ed by turns, but not bathing at all; as al&s;o nei|ther Exerci&s;e, becau&s;e it cau&s;es a di&s;tribution of crude Humours from the inmo&s;t parts. In Fevers that &s;pring from ob&s;truction, we ab&s;tain from clean|&s;ers of the Skin till we have evacuated the whole, becau&s;e in that ca&s;e the ob&s;truction of the Skin is a great part of the malady, and &s;uch as ought to be removed before the Fever it &s;elf, and in the mean time we may u&s;e great evacuations: but in this affection we &s;peak of, the evil is lea&s;t at the Skin, for it has its &s;eat principally in the <HI>vi&s;cera.</HI> Swooning hinders great evacuations to be u&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. l. 8. contr. c. 7.</NOTE> and therefore we are glad to fly to fricti|ons.</P>
<P N="2">II. Frictions, in hot and acute Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;uch as the Pleuri&s;ie, have always been &s;u&s;pected by me; for 'tis certain that the Blood and Humours wax hot thereby, are rendred more Acrimonious and therefore ru&s;h with the greater violence to the
<PB N="745" REF="336"> part affected. In cold Di&s;ea&s;es, as Apoplexy, Epi|lep&s;ie, Pal&s;ie and the like, they may &s;eem to have place; but becau&s;e thereby the Blood and Humours wax hot, and like a vehicle carry the crude and cold Humours to the part affected, we mu&s;t u&s;e them warily,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. Cent. 5. Ob&s;. 30.</NOTE> e&s;pecially in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and while the matter is yet in fluxion.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>aph.</HI> 2.) teaches plainly, that by much friction the whole Body is not dimini&s;hed nor evacuated: Yet it is mo&s;t true that as to the external parts and &s;uch as are next to the Skin, the whole is exhau&s;ted, as far as the vertue of the friction can reach, as the &s;ame per&s;on hath explain'd him&s;elf 14. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 7. and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf (6. <HI>Epid.</HI>) where he hath written, that friction, in a great compa&s;s, doth heat and dry the Body, and thereby empty the Spirits. And indeed &s;eeing the Veins and Arteries are heated by it, and thereupon an heat is both excited and called out by little and little, we mu&s;t hold that the whole Body is eva|cuated, at lea&s;t by accident. Therefore when <HI>Ga|len</HI> denies that the whole Body is dimini&s;hed by friction, he means, not in that manner as Pur|gers evacuate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rub. in cap. 14. l. 2. Cel&s;i.</NOTE> in compari&s;on whereof he there &s;peaks.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Scratching</HI> is profitable for many Di&s;ea&s;es, for it calls out to the Skin from the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> and di&s;|cu&s;&s;es thence:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. in Epid. p. 686.</NOTE> in &s;hort, it is as beneficial as hard friction.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Glands,</HI> or Suppo&s;itories.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their too great length is unprofitable. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They empty not from the Guts only. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT is to be noted that it is unprofitable to make Suppo&s;itories &s;o long as they are commonly made, &s;eeing they irritate not the expul&s;ive faculty &s;ave only in that part where they touch the <HI>podex</HI> or extremity of the Ar&s;e-gut: therefore 'tis better to &s;hape them &s;horter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mereat. ex Rondelet.</NOTE> and about as thick as ones Finger.</P>
<P N="2">II. If Suppo&s;itories be made of the &s;tronger Me|dicines, they may evacuate even out of the Me&s;a|raick Veins, yea out of the whole Body: for ex|perience witne&s;&s;eth this, by which it is manife&s;t, that Suppo&s;itories made of Hellebore have had the &s;ame operation as if it had been taken inwardly by the Mouth.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Grumos &s;olventia,</HI> or di&s;&s;olvers of con|gealed Blood.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the hindred circulation of the Blood. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the coagulated Blood it &s;elf. Acids di&s;&s;olve concreted Blood. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. DI&s;&s;olvers of clods of Blood are of a middle nature as it were betwixt Diaphoreticks and Diureticks: for here we apply <HI>H. Saxonia's</HI> Rule who<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Praelect. pract. part. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. c. 38. &sect; 3.</NOTE> &s;ayes, Tho&s;e things which mollifie the &s;tone, the &s;ame attenuate clods of Blood. For as the ve|ry grumefaction &s;uppo&s;es 1. <HI>Blood extrava&s;ated,</HI> that is, &s;lid for a certain time and &s;pace out of the Ve&s;|&s;els, (its circulation being hindred) whether that be <HI>in fieri</HI> or <HI>in facto,</HI> (that is, whether the Blood be but now a &s;liding, or be already &s;lid) 2. <HI>Blood ready to coagulate,</HI> ina&s;much as without its proper ele|ment and &s;phere it putrefies, corrupts and remains unmoved: &s;o tho&s;e things which loo&s;e and fu&s;e it when concreted, &s;o that it may either be received again into the Veins, or if it be no longer capable of returning to its former &s;tate and nature, it may be di&s;&s;ipated and evacuated, I &s;ay tho&s;e very Medi|cines do perform their operation two manner of wayes chiefly: for they re&s;pect either 1. the <HI>hindred motion and circulation of the Blood,</HI> whether it ru&s;h of its own accord into &s;ome certain and definite weaker part, as in Inflammations; or by the break|ing of the Ve&s;&s;els and &s;ome outward hurt it be thrown out of the Ve&s;&s;els and be collected &s;ome|where: And of this &s;ort are all Diaphoreticks in a &s;pecial manner, <HI>as well volatils,</HI> that enjoy a thinne&s;s of parts, which make the Blood more fluxile, and cau&s;e it to return into order by quickening its motion and making it more &s;ubtil and rare; <HI>as Bal&s;amicks,</HI> Myrrhe, Zedoary; and <HI>likewi&s;e fixts,</HI> as <HI>antimon. diaphoretic.</HI> hence the tincture of Bezoar, the Spirit of Harts-horn, <HI>mi&s;tura &s;implex, antimon. diaphoret.</HI> Zedoary, <HI>opium, &amp;c.</HI> are excellent in this ca&s;e; and bring pre&s;ent help. And the&s;e profit likewi&s;e in the former ca&s;e in all kinds of Inflammations, of the <HI>Pleura,</HI> Liver, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> new wounds, in new falls from on high, impo&s;thumes that are a breeding, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in re|gard by this means the coagulation and concre|tion it &s;elf is hindred, and is de&s;troyed in the blade as it were; for a&s;&s;oon as the circulation is reduced into order, a collection is no longer to be feared.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. the <HI>coagulum</HI> (or <HI>coagulated Blood) it &s;elf</HI> being now of a greater con&s;i&s;tence, and fini&s;hed as it were; whither belong divers re&s;olvers ranked under Nephriticks, whether <HI>Sulphureous,</HI> as <HI>&s;perma ceti,</HI> which is a notable re&s;olvent, &amp; in this re&s;pectis ex|cellent in an <HI>A&s;thma;</HI> or <HI>Saline,</HI> &amp; of the&s;e, <HI>both</HI> 1. <HI>Acids,</HI> &s;uch as are &s;imple Vinegar and Vinegar of Squills, <HI>oxymel &s;cillit.</HI> the juice of Lemons, Spirit of Vitriol; And &s;o our <HI>The&s;is</HI> &s;tands unmoved, <HI>Acids re&s;olve coagula|ted Blood;</HI> whence it may peculiarly be here no|ted (to di&s;cu&s;s the&s;e things more throughly) that Acids are not <HI>&s;o</HI> proper in the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> degree, to wit while the Blood is extrava&s;ating or ru&s;hing &s;ome|whither with a Rheumati&s;m, unle&s;s by a &s;econda|ry intention, and under the Dominion of Volatils, for then they more promote the coagulation, which they commonly call repelling; <HI>as</HI> in the <HI>&s;econd,</HI> where the extrava&s;ation or coagulation is already made: <HI>and al&s;o</HI> 2. <HI>Alkali's</HI> and <HI>Alkalines,</HI> as Crabs-eyes and other Diureticks and Lithontripticks, and tho&s;e Herbs which for this very <HI>Alkali</HI> are called Traumaticks or Wound-herbs, and their juice, de|coction, e&s;&s;ence, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Whence the rea&s;on is clear why in the Pleuri&s;ie, according to <HI>Helmont</HI> him&s;elf, the &s;ame are accounted &s;pecificks which are other|wi&s;e good for coagulated Blood, namely that the matter may be &s;o far re&s;olved as that it may be expectorated: The&s;e things are good in falls from on high, whence <HI>pulvis ad ca&s;um Augu&s;tan.</HI> is famous: So al&s;o Goats Blood, to &s;ay nothing of Crabs-eyes, is an Antipleuritick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 183.</NOTE> di&s;&s;olving clodded Blood and the &s;tone, chiefly through the volatil Salt that it is furni&s;hed with.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="746" REF="337">
<HEAD>The opening of the <HI>Hemorrhoids.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>How the latent Hemorrhoids may be called forth. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of them in Children and Youths is unprofitable. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leeches</HI> rather draw from the Arteries than Veins. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Leeches may be u&s;ed when they are newly caught. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be &s;et on with ones hand only. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Tail is not always to be cut off. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be pulled of by force. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They leave no malignity behind them. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els are to be &s;ought, that they may be &s;et upon them. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They &s;ometimes drain Blood from a great depth. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They draw the thick al&s;o. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they are to be got out when they creep in at the Ar&s;e hole. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Nature &s;hould be accu&s;tomed to a flux by applying Leeches. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which Hemorrhoids (the internal or external) be to be opened. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such evacuation agrees not alike to all Countreys and Natures. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they are to be opened in affections of the Womb. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be opened with a Lancet. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they draw any thing from the Spleen. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How they profit in malignant Fevers. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. ONe being troubled with the Pain of the He|morrhoids by Intervals, and having them always cea&s;e at the expul&s;ion of the black Blood, through defect of this evacuation fell into a melan|choly. When no Remedies could provoke the re|tarded evacuation, and Leeches had been thrice ap|plied in vain, as &s;ucking only from the external Veins, I coming advi&s;e to &s;et them on again, but fir&s;t to &s;et on a Cupping-gla&s;s that might compre|hend the whole <HI>anus.</HI> This invention was of that moment, that the orifices of the Veins that lay hid within,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. M.P. pag. 6. prax. admir. l. 2. Ob&s;. 83.</NOTE> &s;trutting out, there followed a large flux of Blood, whereby the offending Humour being evacuated the Patient was recovered.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Hemorrhoidal Veins in Children and Youths, as being &s;lender and not yet widen'd with melancholick Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con|&s;ult. 8. Cent. 3.</NOTE> if they be open'd, are wont to &s;end forth but little thick Blood.</P>
<P N="3">III. 'Tis worthy ob&s;ervation that Leeches draw more Blood from the Arteries than the Veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barbette Chirurg. part 1. cap. 17.</NOTE> and therefore they ought to draw forth the le&s;s.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Some clean&s;e Leeches newly caught from their filth with a Sponge or cour&s;e cloth, and throw them into very pure water, which they change often, and for nouri&s;hment put in a little Sugar: But I have learned by Experience, that if they be &s;queezed a little pre&s;ently after they are caught and be clean&s;ed from their <HI>&s;ordes</HI> or filth in warm water with a Sponge, they have been wholly hurt|le&s;s without any more ado, and have cau&s;ed no other Symptoms:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius tract. de hi|r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d.</NOTE> &s;uppo&s;ing that they be taken out of pure waters, and be not virulent.</P>
<P N="5">V. Some put them in a hollow Cane or Reed, or a long Gla&s;s, &s;o that the head only may &s;tand out, and &s;o &s;et them on; but becau&s;e this way is more trouble&s;om, and often &s;ucceeds not well becau&s;e of their &s;lipperine&s;s, and the &s;ometimes thicker, &s;ome|times &s;lenderer exten&s;ion of their Bodies, it is bet|ter and ea&s;ier to hold them in a cloth, and &s;et them on with your hand.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. Note, that 'tis not always nece&s;&s;ary to cut off their tails, becau&s;e when they are applied to any larger and more eminent Vein, as to the He|morrhoidal, Jugular, or to the larger ve&s;&s;els of the Arms and Legs, they may &s;o open them by their bite and attract the Blood, that after their fall off, when they are filled, the Blood may continue to i&s;&s;ue out &s;o plentifully, that there may be &s;ometimes need to &s;top it with Pla&s;ters.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. After they have &s;uckt Blood enough, unle&s;s they fall off of their own accord, &s;prinkle a&s;hes or &s;alt on their head, which having ta&s;ted they will pre&s;ently fall off: But they are not to be &s;natcht off by force, le&s;t they leave their heads (that are affix'd) behind them, which may be the cau&s;e of in|curable Wounds: which thing, as <HI>Pliny</HI> relates, happen'd to <HI>Me&s;&s;alinus,</HI> a Roman Senator.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Avicen</HI> and others would have a Cupping-gla&s;s &s;et upon the bitten place, and a little Blood drawn therefrom, that the malignity of the bite may be corrected: But becau&s;e our Leeches &s;eem to have no &s;uch malignity, there is no need of &s;uch &s;etting on of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: In the mean time he that for the greater &s;ecurity will wa&s;h the bitten place with &s;alt water or vinegar, let him. I can te&s;tifie I have &s;everal times applied them, and af|ter their falling off have perceived no mi&s;chief or virulence, only an itching which went off in a little time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. If they be to be applied to the Hemorrhoidal Veins, fir&s;t let the Fundament be fomented with a decoction of Mallows, Chamomel and other Emol|lients; and then let the place of the Hemorrhoidal Veins be chafed, becau&s;e by that means the orifices of the Veins will appear, to every of which let a &s;everal Leech be applied. (How to make the Veins appear, &s;ee &sect;. 1.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>)</P>
<P>If the Blood &s;uckt by the Leeches appear &s;ome|times &s;ubtil and ruddy, as I have often &s;een it, I think this happens through the error of him that ap|plies them, who &s;et them not upon the mouths of the Veins, but upon the edge of the <HI>anus.</HI> 'Tis ne|ce&s;&s;ary to turn the <HI>anus</HI> a little in&s;ide out, and by Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to draw the Hemorrhoids outwards that you may &s;ee them, which is not known to all that apply them. Now I know they have been rightly applied when the Leech being cut with a pair of Sci&s;&s;ors pours forth much thick black Blood; but if it be ruddy and thin, I know that he that &s;et them on has mi&s;taken: But if after the thick is drawn out, the thin follow,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. Bapti&s;t. Theodot. Epi&s;t. 27.</NOTE> 'tis well enough.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Greeks, <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> &s;ay that Leeches &s;uck only the Blood contained in and next under the Skin: <HI>Avicen</HI> and the Arabians &s;ay they draw it deep out of the Body; &amp; determine that the extra|ction of Blood that is made by them is deeper than the extraction that is made by Cupping-gla&s;&s;es. But the&s;e Authors may ea&s;ily be reconciled to one another, if the place to which the Leeches are ap|plied, be di&s;tingui&s;hed: For if they be applied to the larger ve&s;&s;els in the Arm, Forehead, Legs, or to the &s;trutting Hemorrhoids, we &s;ee that the Blood is &s;ometimes &s;o largely evacuated, that Cau&s;ticks and Empla&s;ticks are nece&s;&s;ary to &s;top it, and there &s;ometimes follows a Cachexie and Drop|&s;ie: Now it is certain that &s;o much Blood mu&s;t needs flow from the whole Body. But the mat|ter is otherwi&s;e if they be applied where the Veins are not &s;o wide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> but &s;lenderer and lying ju&s;t under the Skin.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Some think they attract only the cutaneous Blood, leaving the thicker, (as <HI>Mercurialis</HI>) becau&s;e the Wound that is made is &s;o &s;mall that the thinner part only can pa&s;s out. But from <HI>Zacutus (Lib.</HI> 1. <HI>Hi&s;t. Princ.</HI> 4.) it appears he was greatly deceived; for be&s;ides that the Ancients u&s;ed to &s;et Leeches on the Part affected, in Di&s;ea&s;es &s;pringing from a thick Humour, the hole made by them (e&s;pecially by the larger) is &s;o large, that the thicke&s;t <HI>Sordes</HI> may flow out by it, and there often happens a plentiful Bleeding, to &s;top which there is &s;ometimes need of a&s;tringent Remedies.</P>
<P N="12"><PB N="747" REF="337">XII. A man de&s;iring Leeches to be applied to his <HI>anus,</HI> one &s;lipping out of the Surgeon's Fingers entred a good way in at the Fundament: I com|manded to be applied to the <HI>anus</HI> dry Ox-dung, in|differently hot, &s;prinkling fir&s;t the Powder of Wall-lice upon it (as al&s;o very good Ca&s;tor) by the fume whereof, and by a Cly&s;ter made of the juice of Onion alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. l. 1. Ob&s;. 7. Hi&s;t. Princ. Med.</NOTE> the Leech was voided with the Excre|ments half dead.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Whether are Leeches to be applied to the Hemorrhoids, and Nature to be accu&s;tomed to di&s;|charge her &s;elf by this way? <HI>Sennertus (Lib.</HI> 3. <HI>Pract. Part.</HI> 2. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 12.) handles this que&s;tion elegant|ly, and cites chiefly <HI>Vidor Trincavellius,</HI> who (<HI>Pract. l.</HI> 9. <HI>c.</HI> 14.) di&s;&s;wades from this operation, becau&s;e none of the Greeks or Arabians have mention'd it; and becau&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 25.) does plainly advi&s;e, not to accu&s;tom our &s;elves to an evacuation by the He|morrhoids, becau&s;e it is not without danger: if black Humours flow, the evacuation may indeed be profitable; but if thin and clear Blood, or in a greater quantity be expelled, it is unprofitable: As <HI>Trincavellius</HI> writes that he has ob&s;erved, that the Blood drawn by Leeches out of the Veins of the <HI>anus,</HI> is commonly bright not black, e&s;pecially when tho&s;e Veins do not &s;well of their own accord, or fir&s;t are painful. But <HI>Aquapendent</HI> re&s;olves the contrary, affirming that in tho&s;e who have never had any Flux of Blood by the Veins of the <HI>anus,</HI> nor had them &s;welled, yet an evacuation by &s;etting on Leeches ought to be tryed, namely in the Melan|choly, Pleuri&s;ie, Head-ach, Fevers, di&s;tempered Spleen, faults of the Kidneys and many others. <HI>Aquapendent</HI> confirms his Opinion, 1. By the Autho|rity of <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 25.) who writes that Blood expelled above, what &s;uch &s;oever it be, is bad; but below and by the Hemorrhoids, good, when Nature has heaped up much &s;uch Blood; namely if the evacuation be moderate and be born well: 2. By Experience, which &s;hews that Nature does often thereby free the Body from many Di&s;ea&s;es, and that &s;he ought to be imitated: 3. Tho&s;e Ve&s;|&s;els are naturally framed for this u&s;e, that what hurtful thing abounds in the Body, may be eva|cuated by them: 4. That an evacuation made by Nature or the Phy&s;ician, as often as hurtful matter is pre&s;ent, is good and not to be di&s;allowed: 5. That if one might not take away melancholick Blood by the Hemorrhoids, then neither &s;hould a Vein be opened: 6. That Nature is the curer of Di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;o to be imitated, and we often &s;ee her to open the&s;e for evacuating &s;uperfluities, and therefore that 'tis very fitting to attempt the &s;ame by Art.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. In the mean time it is much to be heeded, which Hemorrhoids are to be opened by Leeches? and what Humours offend or where? For if the Humours offend in the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> it is more fit to open the external Hemorrhoids, though they u&s;ed not to bleed before, if &s;o be they &s;well: Yet the &s;ame may al&s;o be opened, if they &s;well, or u&s;ed to bleed, although the vicious Humours lurk in the branches of <HI>Vena portae,</HI> viz. becau&s;e of the con|&s;ent and ino&s;culation of the internal and external Hemorrhoids; though then, if it can be conve|niently done, it is more profitable to open the in|ternal, whether they &s;well or not, for the rea&s;ons produced by <HI>Aquapendent:</HI> But let not the external be opened unle&s;s they &s;well, &s;eeing Nature endea|vours not to expel any thing this way.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; But has the di&s;tinction of the internal and external Hemor|rhoids a foundation? Yea verily: If you would take away thick Blood from the hemorrhoidal Veins, &s;o that the <HI>Vena Portae</HI> may be unloaded, ap|ply the Leeches towards the Rump-Bone, and more towards the in&s;ide of the Ar&s;e-gut: if you think upon emptying the <HI>Vena cava</HI> only, you &s;hall draw Blood from the &s;ides of the <HI>anus</HI> and towards the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. Au|th. opogr.</NOTE> and &s;uperficially,</P>
<P N="15">XV. Yet in the mean time the difference of Na|tures and Countreys is to be con&s;ider'd here, as <HI>Aquapendent</HI> admoni&s;hes: For the opening of the Hemorrhoids is celebrated in <HI>Italy</HI> and the Southern Parts with greater benefit, becau&s;e the Inhabitants thereof have a more hot and adu&s;t Blood, and ther|fore they are more &s;ubject to the flux of the Hemor|rhoids than Northern People, who&s;e Blood is colder and the Hemorrhoids le&s;s familiar: Though experi|ence proveth that here the blind and &s;welling are frequent enough, e&s;pecially in them that are &s;ubject to hypochondriacal affections and the Scurvy, which therefore it is nece&s;&s;ary to open for the evacuation of the feculent and melancholick Blood that falls down toward the lower Parts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. It is to be ob&s;erved that the Womb has great con&s;ent with the hemorrhoidal Veins, be|cau&s;e upon the retention of the Terms and Child-bed Purgations the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els &s;well very much: Yet that they are not nece&s;&s;arily to be opened in affe|ctions of the Womb, appears, becau&s;e the Blood redundant in this part may be di&s;charged by pro|per Ve&s;&s;els, and that far more &s;afely; for although tho&s;e Veins may be ea&s;ily opened, yet they are hard to be clos'd again: And if the Childbed Pur|gations &s;ucceed not, they may be evacuated by proper uterine Purgers.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Zacutus (l.</HI> 3. <HI>Prax. Admir. Ob&s;.</HI> 59.) diligently admoni&s;hes us that the blind Hemorrhoids, the painful, the &s;welling and inflamed are in no wi&s;e to be &s;carified, le&s;t incurable and fi&s;tulous Ulcers fol|low: Neither are they to be opened by Phlebo|tomy, le&s;t there follow an irreparable flux of Blood, carrying a man off quickly: Bringing the Example of a melancholick young man, and of <HI>Don John</HI> of <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> Son to <HI>Charles</HI> V. Emperor, both of whom having their Hemorrhoids opened with a Lancet, and a large flux of Blood following, died within a few hours: And commending Leeches as &s;afer. Yet &s;ome famous Phy&s;icians are not afraid of opening them by a Lancet, among&s;t whom are <HI>Ma&s;&s;arias, Sylvius, P. Argellata, Matthaeus Martini:</HI> Yet the Lancet, as al&s;o the inci&s;ion made by it mu&s;t be very &s;mall, le&s;t there happen a larger evacuation of Blood than is agreeable to Nature or can ea&s;ily be &s;tanch'd. <HI>Severinus</HI> prefers the hooky prickle of the Fuller's thi&s;tle, to which a piece of a leaden bullet is fitted, that it may be thru&s;t in the more &s;teadily.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. That we may not always open them in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, will thus appear: In Di|&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, we draw the Humours either out of the bowel it &s;elf, or out of the neighbouring Ve&s;&s;els: If out of the bowel, then the opening of the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els is in vain, for they have valves that hinder the flowing out of the Blood of the Spleen: what&s;oever Blood is drawn out by the&s;e, it all comes from the Coeliack Artery, and nothing from the Spleen: But if we have a mind to empty from the neighbourhood, in like manner the opening of the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els does not always profit, for there are three &s;orts of Melancholi&s;ts; The fir&s;t abound with that thick and &s;ad juice all their Body over; The &s;econd have lo&s;t their appetite, and the la&s;t have it: In the two former becau&s;e all the <HI>ramus &s;plenicus</HI> and Coeliack Artery are ob&s;tructed, no benefit is had therefrom; but the la&s;t do often find much relief; for when the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are opened, the Coeliack Artery may di&s;charge by them its abounding Blood, and &s;o the Spleen may be lighten'd. <HI>Walaeus m. m. p.</HI> 86. Who thence infers, that in the&s;e la&s;t Melan|choli&s;ts they may indeed be open'd, but without all nece&s;&s;ity, for one Vomit, he &s;ays, can do more than ten times opening of the&s;e: But &s;eeing Nature does often of her own accord unlock the Hemor|rhoids with advantage to Health, why may not Art al&s;o in imitation try the &s;ame thing? for Nature by opening the&s;e, u&s;es to depo&s;ite by them the <HI>faeces</HI> of the Blood, as if a Purge had been taken, which returning by intervals pre&s;erves not only from me|lancholick
<PB N="748" REF="338"> Di&s;ea&s;es, but others al&s;o the mo&s;t dange|rous. It cures an hardned Spleen, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 6. 8. di&s;&s;olves Melancholy, 6. <HI>Aph.</HI> 11.21, 22. and all abundance of Humours is purged out by its vertue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofman. m. m. l. 1. c. 16. p. 242.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. In continual and malignant Fevers, <HI>Aqua|pendent</HI> &s;ays, an evacuation by the Hemorrhoids does more good than bleeding in the Arm, becau&s;e the larger branches of the <HI>Cava,</HI> in which the offend|ing matter &s;ticks, may thus be emptied: I add, that whil&s;t they draw from the Hemorrhoidal Arteries, 'tis very like that the Heart will be wonderfully helped thereby.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfink. de febr. p. 274. <HI>See</HI> &sect;. 3.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Hepaticks,</HI> or Medicines for the Liver. (<HI>See</HI> Hepatis affectus, <HI>or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either its Ve&s;&s;els, Ducts and Pores; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Choler; (which is either to be re&s;tored; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or temper'd: <HI>III.</HI>)</ITEM>
<ITEM>Or its tone. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What and how &s;weet things help. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Steel-Remedies profit. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The too much u&s;e of Aperients is hurtful. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents have not place always. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of Syrups hurteth. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. HEpatick Remedies re&s;pect either its <HI>Ve&s;&s;els,</HI> Ducts and Pores, in the concrete, re&s;pect being likewi&s;e had to the <HI>Lymphatick Ve&s;&s;els</HI> and <HI>Gall-Bladder;</HI> or the <HI>Choler,</HI> which it &s;eparates and tran&s;|colates; or its <HI>tone, fibres</HI> and <HI>parietes</HI> or Parenchyma. <HI>Aperients</HI> do chiefly re&s;pect the <HI>Ducts,</HI> for this Bowel is principally and above all others &s;ubject to Ob&s;tru|ctions, becau&s;e of the very numerous Ve&s;&s;els that it has, &s;o that the chief Hepaticks are Aperients. Hither belong al&s;o <HI>Diureticks,</HI> which, unle&s;s there be withal an over dry intemperies, or if there be, &s;uch of them as are more dilute, are mo&s;t agreeable to the Liver. Thus to repeat only a few, 1. <HI>Bitter</HI> things are profitable that clean&s;e, cut and atte|nuate the clammine&s;s of the choler: 2. Others of <HI>thin Parts,</HI> whether <HI>Aromaticks,</HI> as <HI>calamus Aromaticus,</HI> Spicknard, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or <HI>Acids,</HI> as red Liverwort, Mine|ral Spirits: 3. <HI>Ab&s;orbents,</HI> Lixivials and e&s;pecially Steel Remedies: And the&s;e have a notable u&s;e in Ob&s;tructions, in a too mucilaginous choler, Jaun|di&s;e, Drop&s;ie, Cachexie, and the like.</P>
<P N="2">II. Moreover tho&s;e that re&s;pect the <HI>Choler,</HI> do ei|ther <HI>re&s;tore</HI> it, if it be <HI>&s;luggi&s;h</HI> and <HI>defective;</HI> or bridle it when it <HI>exceeds</HI> and is impetuous, le&s;&s;en it when it abounds, and mitigate it when it <HI>boils</HI> and burns as it were. Tho&s;e that <HI>re&s;tore</HI> the Choler are, 1. Partly contrary to tho&s;e that re&s;tore the Ferment of the Stomach, and are for the mo&s;t part the &s;ame which encrea&s;e the heat of the Stomach, namely <HI>Sulphureous Bal&s;amicks,</HI> as all <HI>Aromata</HI> or Spices, likewi&s;e <HI>&s;pirituous</HI> as Wine and its Spirit: 2. Partly the &s;ame, being endued with a volatil and &s;imple, and with an oleous acrimonious Salt, as Mu&s;tard, <HI>Ery&s;imum</HI> or Hedge-Mu&s;tard, Water-cre&s;&s;es, which are like a &s;pur to it: for Choler con&s;i&s;ts chiefly 1. of Oleous, Sul|phureous, B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l&s;amick Parts; 2. of volatil Saline, both which are immer&s;ed in a little watry muci|lage, and limited with watry Particles: Hither be|long al&s;o <HI>&s;weet</HI> things, which encrea&s;e choler, and that by contributing partly <HI>mucilaginous</HI> clammy <HI>parts,</HI> whence al&s;o the &s;ame are &s;aid to breed Ob&s;tru|ctions; partly <HI>Sulphureous</HI> al&s;o, if they happen upon an hot and dry Body: And the&s;e are good in an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> as al&s;o partly in an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> a &s;erous Ca|chexie, loo&s;e Tumours, and where in other ca&s;es there is need of rarefaction of the Blood, for &s;uch things as then more intimately rarefie, the &s;ame do exalt choler: They likewi&s;e profit the Phlegmatick that have no gall as it were.</P>
<P N="3">III. Having hapned to mention &s;weet things, we mu&s;t &s;ee why <HI>Galen</HI> 8. <HI>de Comp. Med.</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">. writes that Rai&s;ins are familiar to the Liver in their whole &s;ub|&s;tance; and why the &s;ame thing is not equally at|tributed to &s;ugared things. That familiarity of Rai&s;ins with the Liver gave foundation to the Ele|ctuary of Rai&s;ins in <HI>Riverius</HI> that notably &s;trengthens the Liver: The rea&s;on may be, becau&s;e they temper the fluxility and &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s of the choler, and kind|ly moi&s;ten withal, which &s;ugared things do not do.</P>
<P N="4">IV. And the choler is <HI>temper'd</HI> and <HI>bridled</HI> when it exceeds, <HI>both</HI> by accident, by certain <HI>openers,</HI> as Pre|parations of Succory: (where note, that &s;ome things are called coolers, which yet are hot, as we may &s;ee by the&s;e mention'd, ina&s;much namely as they loo&s;en the &s;toppages and clean&s;e gently withal, partly <HI>evacuating Cholagogues:) and al&s;o</HI> per &s;e, by 1. <HI>Diluters;</HI> thus when choler offends, the Whey of Goats Milk with a little Cinamon, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is good, whether the <HI>anima</HI> of Rhubarb be taken with it, or the <HI>cly&s;&s;us</HI> of Antimony be dropt into it, both which I u&s;e with &s;ucce&s;s: hither belong mineral Waters, Potions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Now the&s;e very Diluters are a vehicle to Aperients, whence note that in the Jaundi&s;e &s;uch Aperients as dilute more, and in the Drop&s;ie &s;uch as dry more, profit mo&s;t: And tho&s;e very Ape|rients that are diluters withal, do &s;et the <HI>lympha</HI> at liberty, and make its motion free, and withal re&s;tore the <HI>Serum</HI> which is, and is called, the bridle of choler. 2. <HI>Bitter</HI> things, which both clean&s;e, and open the Pores of the choler, &s;o that it is ha&s;tened more to the Guts and evacuated: the vertue of Wormwood, Aloes and Rhubarb is known: 3. <HI>Acids;</HI> hither belong <HI>acidum Tartari,</HI> red Sanders, or the red Liverwort of <HI>Dre&s;den;</HI> becau&s;e the&s;e do tame and blunt the Sulphureous part of the choler, and fix and enervate the volatile Saline: 4. <HI>Earthy</HI> and <HI>ab|&s;orbing</HI> Remedies, e&s;pecially the Nitrous and Alka|line; thus al&s;o lixivial Salts them&s;elves belong hi|ther; likewi&s;e Shells, Corals, Perles, <HI>&s;pecies</HI> and Pouders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> likewi&s;e Nervines them&s;elves, or Cinnabarines, which I have found profitable in Di|&s;ea&s;es of the Liver; and I have happily cured a &s;tub|born Pain of the right Hypochondre, with Tetters breaking out all the Body over, with the&s;e e&s;pe|cially. For it is to be noted, what Experience te&s;tifies, that earthy Medicines do precipitate and ab&s;orb both choler or cholerick Humours, and al&s;o acid and even &s;erous Humours: whence we cannot ab&s;olutely conclude, that where&s;oever Alkaline Medicines profit, there an acid offendeth; for Ex|perience witne&s;&s;es, that the earthy profit in many Patients and Di&s;ea&s;es, where by the con&s;ent of all an acid offendeth not, but the choler regurgitates and is frothy, which they di&s;&s;ociate, inhibit, and bridle in its preternatural motion.</P>
<P N="5">V. La&s;tly, The <HI>tone</HI> and <HI>fibres</HI> of the Liver are &s;trengthned, both by 1. Moderate <HI>A&s;tringents;</HI> whence it is a common opinion among Practitioners, that it delights in A&s;tringents: 2. <HI>Ab&s;orbers,</HI> e&s;pecially Steel ones, and the vitriolated that are made of the&s;e: 3. Correcters of <HI>any exce&s;&s;ive temper,</HI> but chiefly a moi&s;t, and con&s;equently a loo&s;e: Hence <HI>Mercurials</HI> al&s;o, and <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> in particular is greatly commended, by which with a Bezoartick Steel Remedy <HI>Sennertus</HI> writes that one was cured who was given over in a Drop&s;ie, &amp; that on no other account than becau&s;e <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> makes the <HI>Serum</HI> fluxile, whence it opens Ob&s;tructions, cures Loo&s;|ne&s;s by diverting the <HI>Serum</HI> another way, and thence evacuating it by convenient ways, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Thus Anti|monials likewi&s;e are good, ina&s;much as they notably precipitate and dry, di&s;cu&s;&s;ing the &s;uperfluous Hu|mours.</P>
<P N="6"><PB N="749" REF="338">VI. So Steel-Remedies do chiefly perform this, whence there is a caution given concerning their u&s;e by <HI>Gul. Gilbert</HI> in his Book of the Load-&s;tone (1. <HI>cap.</HI> 15.) who &s;ayes, that Steel is granted in loo&s;e Livers and moi&s;t Maladies becau&s;e it dries; al&s;o in the Green-&s;ickne&s;s, over-grown Spleens, namely where moi&s;ture abounds: but he denies it greatly in ob&s;tructions, and con&s;equently in the Drop&s;ical and &s;uch as have Scirrhous Livers, in the Jaundi&s;e, Hypochondriack Melancholy, to whom, he &s;ayes, it is given to the certain de&s;truction of Thou&s;ands: <HI>Fallopius</HI> affirms the &s;ame, and<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">2 Hermet. Medic. p. 238.</NOTE> <HI>Conringiu~s</HI> grants it only to Scirrhous Livers that are &s;welled with wa|ter, as they generally are. But I will moderate the&s;e things thus: where&s;oever there are ob&s;tructi|ons of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> the Liver and Spleen, with moi|&s;ture exceeding and the Liver not too dry, there Steel Remedies are more convenient in a dry form, as <HI>Crocus Martis, pulvis Cachecticus, flores Martiales:</HI> but where&s;oever there is both drine&s;s and Scirrhe&s;|cence, there the more moi&s;t preparations, or at lea&s;t not without diluters. So likewi&s;e <HI>Septalius</HI> and o|thers write the &s;ame of Rhubarb, that in a dry in|temperies it is rather the death of the Liver: but the &s;ame things hold in it as we have now &s;aid of Steel Remedies.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Note that the Liver is hurt by the over-long u&s;e of openers: whence tho&s;e erre who endeavour to expell the ob&s;tructions of the Ve&s;&s;els by Inciders, volatil Acids or aperient decoctions alone: &s;o that where there is an ob&s;truction of the pores, we mu&s;t open, but &s;o, as that it be not done with violence. Such examples are often &s;een in the Hypochon|driacal.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Note al&s;o that neither have a&s;tringents place always in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver: we &s;aid in|deed that &s;trengtheners &s;hould be al&s;o tonicks, but there are ca&s;es where we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from a&s;trin|gents; for in&s;tance, if the Liver grow Scirrhous, in the Jaundi&s;e, or &s;tubborn ob&s;tructions they are not alike profitable. Now we call tho&s;e a&s;trin|gents that hinder the tone of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> from be|ing loo&s;ened. Hence tho&s;e things that have an a&s;tringent faculty, operate with a thinne&s;s of parts; tho&s;e that open, with earthy parts.</P>
<P N="9">IX. This al&s;o is to be noted, that we mu&s;t not tru&s;t to Syrups among&s;t Aperients and Hepaticks: for &s;weet things are apt to hurt the Liver becau&s;e they turn into Choler,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. 105.</NOTE> whence ob&s;tructions are apt to be bred.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Hypnoticks, <HI>Narcoticks.</HI> (See <HI>Anodynes.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In the u&s;ing of them there are to be con&s;ider'd the con&s;titution of the Patient; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The tenour or condition of the Animal Spirits; <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;tate of the Blood and Humours. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in their u&s;e. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are enemies to the Stomach. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them not be given in the beginning of a Paroxy&s;m or near a Cri&s;is. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to be given after Blood-letting. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They &s;hould be taken at a good di&s;tance from eating. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How their too great Operation is to be re&s;train'd. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things indicating their u&s;e. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not mi&s;take in the Do&s;e. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> &s;trengthens all the Faculties, and is &s;afely given to Children. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not convenient in a &s;imple hot <HI>intemperies; XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And where thick juices abound. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The amendment of the harm they &s;ometimes cau&s;e. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Being applied outwardly, they are not to &s;tay long on. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to be removed. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When applied outwardly, they are ineffectual, or not &s;afe. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be varied according to the diver&s;ity of Tempera|ments. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Hypnoticks are good for old men. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold Soporificks are to be &s;hunn'd in Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Brea&s;t. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opiats are to be given in a &s;mall quantity and by little and little. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Narcotick or <HI>Anodyne of Vitriol. XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not come to <HI>Opium</HI> and <HI>Laudanum,</HI> &s;ave when Diacodiats are in&s;ufficient. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Opium</HI> be Poi&s;on. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to be corrected. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> being rightly given is a &s;afe Medicine. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Opium</HI> is a very &s;afe Narcotick if it be u&s;ed rightly. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yet it is an enemy to the Brain; <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And to the Brea&s;t; <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor are they always u&s;eful in Di&s;ea&s;es of the lowe&s;t Belly. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mo&s;t &s;imple <HI>Laudanum</HI> is to be preferred before the com|pound. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Opium</HI> bridleth the vicious efferve&s;cence of Humours, and the <HI>flatus</HI> that are rai&s;ed therefrom. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laudanum</HI> works more effectually being given immediately before Meat. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Narcoticks are not to be given the day before Purging or Bleeding. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are available in a fluxion from the Head upon the Lungs. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The day following &s;weat bur&s;ts forth. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When weakne&s;s &s;ucceeds, how it is to be helped. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They often &s;top a flux of Humours without &s;leep. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be given the day before the Cri&s;is. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Phlegmatick vomiting &s;ometimes follows them. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &V;rine. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be given with Purgers. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Purge is to be ab&s;tained from the next day after the taking of them. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If they be given with Purgers, the Do&s;e of the Purgers mu&s;t be increa&s;ed. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are of avail in the Plague. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In continual Fevers. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In Tertians. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With what caution to be given in Intermittents. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let <HI>Laudanum</HI> be prepared without Henbane. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. Concerning the right u&s;e of <HI>Opiatick Pharmacy</HI> the&s;e four things following are to be ob&s;er|ved, <HI>viz.</HI> before we give a Narcotick Medicine we mu&s;t con&s;ider 1. what &s;uch the con&s;titution of the Patient is. 2. What &s;uch the Di&s;ea&s;e is that he's ill of. 3. In what &s;tate the Animal Spirits are with re&s;pect to both Animal and Vital function. 4. La&s;t|ly, in what condition the Blood and other Humours are. As to the fir&s;t, when an Hypnotick is indicated, &s;ee that the temperament of the Pati|ent, the habit or indi&s;po&s;ition of his Body, his cu&s;tom, or manner of life do not contraindicate: As for example, Tho&s;e who are endued with an indifferent &s;tature, a firm and well &s;et Body, hot Blood, a lively or &s;harp a&s;pect, bear this Medicine better, and take it often with benefit; but they &s;hall take it more &s;ecurely if they have moreover been formerly u&s;'d to it. But on the contrary it is not &s;o convenient, yea &s;ometimes it does a great deal of hurt to them who are over fat, or lean; as likewi&s;e to tho&s;e who being either of a rare texture have their Spirits ea&s;ily di&s;&s;ipable, or of a colder temperament and have &s;oft and flaggy fle&s;h, and are of a &s;luggi&s;h and indocible di&s;po&s;ition, and dull and drou&s;ie of them&s;elves: to which hindran|ces or &s;cruples this may be added and encrea&s;es the weight of the re&s;t, if they have never taken this Medicine before.</P>
<PB N="750" REF="339">
<P>The <HI>Nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e</HI> is &s;ometimes of great moment for or again&s;t Opiats: In &s;lighter Di&s;tem|pers it is the part of a flattering Phy&s;ician (ac|cording to <HI>Septalius</HI>) to u&s;e them: moreover in &s;ome great ones their u&s;e is either forbidden, or is held very &s;u&s;pected: In the Pal&s;ie, Vertigo, Night|mare, Apoplexy; al&s;o in the <HI>Orthopnoea</HI> or great dif|ficulty of breathing, in a Drop&s;ie of the Brea&s;t or Abdomen, in numbne&s;s or trembling of the Joints, in very malignant Fevers, and in the fits of Agues, or the cri&s;es of other Fevers, Narcoticks are very often forbid: Moreover in a cough with much and thick Phlegm, in an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> and in what&s;oever o|ther Di&s;tempers of the Brea&s;t with oppre&s;&s;ion of the Lungs, and in Hy&s;terical fits and other convul&s;ive ones they are but &s;eldom to be given and not with|out caution and the advice of a skilful Phy&s;ician. But in a cruel Head-ach Catarrhs, Colick, Pleuri|&s;ie, ordinary Fevers, Vomiting, Dy&s;enterie, fits of the Stone or Gout, and in all pains what&s;oever Opiats are not only allowed, but we have recour&s;e to them as to Divine <HI>panacea's.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. And as often as we intend to make u&s;e of them we mu&s;t al&s;o con&s;ider in what tenour the A|nimal Spirits (over which dominion they pre&s;ide) are: for if being fewer or oppre&s;&s;ed they already flag, and do not &s;pread their &s;ails enough, certain|ly they ought not to be further le&s;&s;ened and ca&s;t down by Opiats: Wherefore if &s;o be the Animal faculties be not vigorous both as to &s;en&s;e and di&s;|cour&s;e, or do not exert them&s;elves briskly enough; or when the pul&s;e and re&s;piration have the turns of their reciprocations but weak, or &s;wifter, or al&s;o flower then u&s;ual, hindred and unequal; or la&s;tly if a numbne&s;s and enervation &s;hall &s;eize upon the membres and motive parts with an unwonted languor, we mu&s;t wholly refrain from any hypno|tick Medicine: But we &s;hall not &s;tick to u&s;e them, if they are indicated in the greater Di&s;ea&s;es, and if withal the Animal Spirits be &s;trong enough in the&s;e and other re&s;pects, or become too much expanded, or immoderately fierce and outragious.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Yet the &s;tate of the Blood and Humours is not to be neglected in the mean time, becau&s;e &s;ometimes their naughty condition does wholly forbid Opiats, or &s;uffers them not to be u&s;ed un|le&s;s &s;paringly and with &s;ome re&s;triction. The Blood does contraindicate their u&s;e, when it of|fends either in its quantity or in its quality, or cra|&s;is. As to the former, it either abounds or is de|fective, and in both re&s;pects it hinders Narcotick Remedies. For fir&s;t, if at any time the Blood be|ing turgid through plenty, and withal boiling in a Fever, do greatly di&s;tend the Ve&s;&s;els, and &s;o the heart greatly labour to drive it mo&s;t quickly about, (le&s;t it &s;tagnate or overflow any where) by a very &s;wift repetition of its <HI>&s;y&s;tole's,</HI> truly in &s;uch ca&s;e to give a Narcotick, to hinder that labour and en|deavour of the heart, without which life could not be maintain'd, were the part rather of a poi&s;oner than a Phy&s;ician: wherefore in a <HI>Plethora</HI> bleeding ought always to be premi&s;ed before the u&s;e of O|piats. Secondly, nor is there fear of le&s;s mi&s;chief from Narcoticks as often as they are given in de|fect or penury of the Blood, as after great hemor|rhagies, long fa&s;ting or long-continued &s;ickne&s;s; be|cau&s;e &s;eeing the rivulet of the Blood is but &s;mall, and through its &s;mallne&s;s hardly continuous, le&s;t its flowing be interrupted and therefore cea&s;e, the heart by beating very &s;wiftly, as with doubled endeavours, &s;trives to drive it about mo&s;t quickly: Hence it is obvious to conceive how great harm Opiats do, which put a &s;top to this endeavour of the heart that is then chiefly nece&s;&s;ary. Indeed for this rea&s;on it &s;eems to be that we forbid &s;leep to women pre&s;ently after Child-birth when their <HI>lochia</HI> flow plentifully, or to any per&s;ons after a large letting of Blood or great hemorrhagies, namely le&s;t the Spirits being recalled in &s;leeping leave the heart &s;o de&s;titute, that it cannot quickly enough drive about the le&s;&s;ened &s;tream of Blood. Moreover &s;ometimes the Blood offending in its quality or cra&s;is, contraindicates the u&s;e of Opiats, becau&s;e whil&s;t in a Cacochymie or Fever, the Blood being very full of recrements ought to be agitated with a greater endeavour of the heart and to be more quickly circulated, namely that the hetero|geneous particles may be &s;ubjugated and &s;oon eva|porate, the intervening operation of a Narcotick &s;tops the&s;e attempts of the heart, and therefore hinders the lu&s;tration or clearing of the Blood, and &s;ometimes fru&s;trates it. As to tho&s;e other recre|mentitious Humours that u&s;e to be heaped up with|in the Stomach and inte&s;tins, 'tis fitting that the&s;e al&s;o &s;hould be withdrawn &amp; purged forth by vomit or &s;tool before an Opiat be given; for otherwi&s;e being fixed there they will &s;tick the more &s;tubborn|ly; becau&s;e the Splanchnick fibres, being &s;tupefied by the Medicine are not &s;o irritated as before, nor do ea&s;ily enter upon or briskly perform their excretory Spa&s;ms for expelling the&s;e recrements;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis Phar|mac. Rat. part. 1.</NOTE> wherefore according to the old precept, if any thing be to be evacuated, evacuate it before you give Narcotick Medicines.</P>
<P N="5">V. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve concerning Narcoticks, 1. that Anodynes are always to be u&s;ed before them: for &s;eeing they make the Spirits &s;luggi&s;h, often in|duce a &s;tupor, drou&s;ine&s;s, difficulty of Breath, and &s;ometimes death it &s;elf, there is need of great cau|tion in giving of them: 2. They are not to be u&s;ed before general Remedies: 3. It is &s;afer fir&s;t to apply them outwardly, and to &s;ee whether their u&s;e &s;uffice before they be given inwardly: 4. We mu&s;t mark whether the faculties can &s;u&s;tain the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;o long, as till the cau&s;e of watching or pain can be taken away by ordinary Remedies, nor mu&s;t we come to them till the Patient be in &s;ome dan|ger from want of &s;leep or pain. 5. According to <HI>Sennertus (l.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 1. <HI>Pract.</HI>) If the faculties be not very much dejected by the Di&s;ea&s;e, but only begin to be in danger through pain or want of &s;leep, then is it &s;afe to give Opiats, when other things profit not: But if the Patient be not only in dan|ger through want of &s;leep and pain, but the facul|ties are already dejected even by the Di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elf, &s;o that 'tis doubted in a manner of the life of the Patient, then they are not ea&s;ily to be given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frider. Hof|man. m. m. lib. 2. c. 4.</NOTE> becau&s;e they ha&s;ten death and bring on a perpetual &s;lumber.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Their daily and too frequent u&s;e is to be a|voided, le&s;t whil&s;t we try to ea&s;e pain, we intro|duce another Di&s;temper, or le&s;&s;en the Concoction of the Stomach: For I my &s;elf have ob&s;erved this to be true,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> that they hinder the concoction of the Stomach, for they blunt its fermental Spirit, &s;o that it cannot exert its fermenting vertue, whence fol|low <HI>Cardialgiae,</HI> weight and compre&s;&s;ions of the Sto|mach with angui&s;h.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Let them be bani&s;hed in the beginning of a Paroxy&s;m, or al&s;o when a cri&s;is is at hand; for the endeavour and motion of Nature is inverted by them, whil&s;t the natural heat is &s;uffocated and the febrile heat is hindred from being expanded and the morbifick matter from being expelled.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Their u&s;e after Blood-letting is very hurt|ful, becau&s;e the Members being then langui&s;hing and almo&s;t in&s;en&s;ible, a deadly Hemorrhagie may ea&s;ily ari&s;e: See an example in <HI>Borellus Cent.</HI> 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 57.</P>
<P N="9">IX. They are to be given after the meat is pa&s;t off the Stomach, and three hours before eating a|gain, le&s;t concoction be di&s;turbed: yet if there be great nece&s;&s;ity, they may be admini&s;tred even an hour after Supper,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. m. 438.</NOTE> the vapours of the meat more ea&s;ily carrying their &s;omniferous and anodyne ver|tue to the Brain.</P>
<P N="10">X. When an over large quantity of Opiats has been given, <HI>Platerus</HI> bids us take a Lenient: but that
<PB N="751" REF="339"> has no effect to any purpo&s;e. <HI>Wallaeus</HI> &s;ayes indeed that 'tis be&s;t to give a &s;trong Purgative, but there is fear it &s;hould not work becau&s;e of the re&s;traint that is put upon the motion of the Humours by the Narcotick. <HI>Helmonts</HI> advice plea&s;es me, who does very well conquer the harms and prejudices of Opiats by Lixivials, <HI>in Duumvirat. p.</HI> 245. &sect;. 31.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Phy&s;icians commit &s;uch exce&s;&s;es, as in &s;eve|ral other &s;orts of Remedies, &s;o e&s;pecially in tho&s;e that are called Anodyne, which are made of the juice of Poppy, Henbane Seed, or the root of Man|drake, or Styrax or &s;ome &s;uch like: for &s;ome to gratifie their Patients, exceed due mea&s;ure in the u&s;e of the&s;e Medicines; and &s;ome that are un&s;ea|&s;onably and immoderately wayward, in wholly ab&s;taining from their u&s;e, &s;uffer their Patients to be killed with pains. Therefore as in every both ha|bit and action of a mans whole life, &s;o here al&s;o we embrace that coun&s;el of the wi&s;e Man, who &s;aid <HI>Ne quid Nimis,</HI> do nothing too much: becau&s;e if we may do what we wi&s;h in u&s;ing Remedies to cure the Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Medicines that cau&s;e &s;leep: but if through want of &s;leep and re&s;o|lution of the faculties the Patient be in danger of dying, then indeed you may &s;ea&s;onably u&s;e &s;uch Medicines: being not ignorant that the habit of the Body is &s;omewhat hurt by them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. 12. m. m. c. 1.</NOTE> but that that hurt is rather to be cho&s;en than Death.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Let not the do&s;e be too large; we &s;hould &s;top pain and not overwhelm. Crude <HI>Opium</HI> cau&s;eth convul&s;ions and &s;woonings: it ought therefore to be given corrected either in <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> or in Treacle: they give this latter from half a drachm, to one or two drachms. Some women every eighth day are troubled with a great Head-ach, whence by degrees Treacle becomes familiar to them, &s;o that they a&s;cend from half a drachm to &s;ix drachms; which no wi&s;e man ought to imitate. Let the Phy&s;ician be content with half or a whole drachm. The lowe&s;t and u&s;ual do&s;e of <HI>Opium</HI> is one grain or two; a great do&s;e, three or four grains; too great, five or &s;ix grains: The&s;e things require an experienced and prudent Phy&s;ician. In cold Di|&s;ea&s;es or Bodies we give le&s;s of Opiats than in hot:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 153.</NOTE> Hydoprical per&s;ons die with giving one grain of <HI>Opium.</HI></P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Laudanum</HI> &s;ometimes produces divers and contrary operations, though by accident: for while it allays pains and procures &s;leep, the natu|ral heat recurs, which was di&s;per&s;ed through the vehemence of pain and want of &s;leep, to the inner parts of the Body; whence the Patient does by and by &s;o gather &s;trength, that all the faculties are in|tirely re&s;tored as it were, and the Expul&s;ive ex|pells what its trouble&s;ome &amp; inimicous to Nature, which will be manife&s;t by the following in&s;tance. Having once happily cut an inte&s;tinal rupture in a Child ten months old, and the wound was now ready to be skinned over, behold he is &s;uddenly taken with great gripings in his Belly, &s;o that he cried night and day: Not knowing the cau&s;e (which his parents concealed) I u&s;ed in the mean time the nece&s;&s;ary Remedies; and at length when his &s;trength begun to fail, I gave him a grain of <HI>Lau|danum,</HI> with a little <HI>confectio Alkermes,</HI> in milk: That night he re&s;ted well enough: the following day an <HI>Ecchymo&s;is</HI> (or extrava&s;ation of Blood) begun to break forth in the &s;ound groin, which by little and little &s;eized upon the Hip and &s;pread it &s;elf to the Knee and even to the Foot: yet from that time the pains and gripings of the Belly were le&s;&s;ened: and when three days after,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. Cent. 5. Ob&s;. 60.</NOTE> I had given the &s;ame potion again they wholly cea&s;ed; but the <HI>Ecchymo&s;is</HI> &s;ei&s;ed al&s;o upon the other Thigh, Loins and <HI>os &s;acrum,</HI> from which he was &s;hortly freed.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. We mu&s;t have a care how we u&s;e them in a &s;imple hot <HI>intemperies,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Meth. l. 3. c. 13.</NOTE> where there is no morbifick matter.</P>
<P N="15">XV.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. 2. c. 7. Sennert. l. 3. pract. part. 2. &s;. 2. c. 2.</NOTE> And where thick and glutinous juices a|bound, let &s;oporiferous Medicines be lea&s;t thought of, if the Patient be in no danger.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. When too great a quantity of <HI>Opium</HI> has been admini&s;tred, 'tis be&s;t to give a &s;trong purga|tive, for &s;o the thickned Humours are attenuated: Nor need you fear &s;uper-purgation, for that is ne|ver cau&s;ed in this ca&s;e. Two Phy&s;icians were ac|cu&s;ed of being the cau&s;e of a mans death; one by a &s;trong purgative had cau&s;ed a &s;uper-purgation; which the other de&s;iring to &s;top, gave a Narcotick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wal. m. m. p. 194.</NOTE> whereupon the Patient died. &para; If any dulne&s;s or other harm &s;eem to be brought upon the Brain, correct it by wa&s;hing with a decoction of the leaves of Betony, Mallows and Chamomel flowers: And if the Patient &s;leep more profoundly and lon|ger than is expected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. ubi &s;upra.</NOTE> hold to the No&s;e a Sponge or rag wet with the &s;harpe&s;t vinegar.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. A&s;&s;oon as the pain is appea&s;ed and the Patient lies &s;till, let them be forthwith removed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius l. 2. c. 7.</NOTE> le&s;t a cold <HI>intemperies</HI> follow an hot one.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. We &s;hall learn by the&s;e tokens when to ab&s;tain from Narcoticks: 1. When the Patient feel|eth not &s;o much heat, pricking and pain in the part affected as before: 2. When to the judgment of the touch the part appeareth cooler than it was: 3.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pareus lib. 6. c. 13.</NOTE> When the fiery red colour begins to grow livid and black by degrees.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Note that <HI>Narcoticks applied outwardly</HI> obtain not alwayes the de&s;ired effect, or do cau&s;e danger: Therefore <HI>Mne&s;idemus</HI> in <HI>Dio&s;cor.</HI> gave <HI>Opium</HI> to &s;mell to, and <HI>Rha&s;is</HI> put it into the Ears (which yet is &s;u&s;pect|ed, &s;eeing it is an adver&s;ary to hearing:) For if 1. they be applied to the Forehead, and be not often renewed, they grow hot there, and heat the Head the more, whereupon Sleep is rather driven away than invited. 2. The Forehead bone is &s;olid, den&s;e and further removed from the Brain than the other Bones, whence their vertue reacheth not thither. If they be applied to the Coronal &s;uture, they ex|ert their vertue indeed, but they will be injurious to the Brain, mo&s;t of which lies thereunder.</P>
<P N="20">XX. It is worth nothing that <HI>Hofman (l. de Med. offic.)</HI> has ob&s;erved, that Flower-de-luce procures Sleep, not by a Narcotick vertue, but a vaporous &s;ub&s;tance, &s;uch as al&s;o Saffron, Myrrh, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> con&s;i&s;t of. And they do this in cold and moi&s;t bodies, not in the hot and dry: for when in the&s;e the native heat cannot rai&s;e up vapours to the head, the&s;e hot things help it, and by breeding vapours procure &s;leep.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. I remember that <HI>Mich. Neucrantzius,</HI> a very famous Practitioner, being again&s;t the prepo&s;te|rous u&s;e of hypnoticks in old men, with good &s;uc|ce&s;s mingled the <HI>Species</HI> of <HI>Diambra</HI> and <HI>Diamo&s;cha</HI> with Electuaries made of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;ema|ry Flowers, Balm and the like, to drive away trou|ble&s;ome watchings from them: Now the rea&s;on of this is the &s;ame with what <HI>Ho&s;man</HI> gave of flower-de-luce, namely becau&s;e Mo&s;ch and Ambre are fumous or vaporous. &para; <HI>Opium</HI> appea&s;es watchings and pro|cures &s;weet &s;leep, if &s;o be the watchings proceed not from over great drine&s;s, in which ca&s;e they do no good given alone; but they do very well with moi&s;teners, &s;o that by this means the Brain is both demulced, and made drou&s;ie e&s;pecially in old men, and otherwi&s;e where the watchings ari&s;e from over great drine&s;s, defect, Acrimony or other indi&s;po&s;i|tion of the <HI>Lympha:</HI> Whence wa&s;hings of the Head and Feet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> belong hither, as al&s;o other vehicles of Opiats, and promoters of their vertue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel de &s;. m. fac. p. 205.</NOTE> &para; We may &s;afely u&s;e the &s;omniferous &s;ponge of <HI>Heurnius</HI> (2 <HI>met.</HI> c. 7.) &s;eeing tho&s;e that are made to &s;leep by it, pre&s;ently awake upon its being taken off; or if they continue to &s;leep too long, they may be ea&s;i|ly awaked with another &s;ponge &s;teept in the de|coction of wild thyme, (boiled in Vinegar together with Majoran, Smallage, and &s;weet Fennel Seed) applied to the No&s;trils.</P>
<P N="22"><PB N="752" REF="340"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sim. Pauli quadrip. Bo|tan. cl. 2. tit. Iris.</NOTE>XXII. As cold &s;oporificks hurt in Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Brea&s;t,</HI> by thickning the Humours and making them unfit for expectoration; &s;o Flower-de-luce does excellent well in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Seeing 'tis ea&s;ie to offend in u&s;ing too great a quantity of <HI>Opium,</HI> it will be the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician to behave him&s;elf warily in the giving of <HI>Opium</HI> and Opiats, and rather to give them at &s;everal times, a little at a time, than to give much at one and the &s;ame time with danger to the Patients:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; Prax. l. 2. c. 22. &sect;. 113.</NOTE> e&s;pecially &s;eeing the &s;ame, yea better ef|fect may be obtained from the &s;ame Opiat given at &s;everal times than all at once.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Although the Narcotick &s;tupefying vertue of <HI>Opium</HI> differ widely from the pacative vertue of the <HI>Anodyne prepared of Vitriol,</HI> which induces only a natural &s;leep, and no &s;tupefaction (which I would have well noted of all that de&s;ire at any time to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick with commendation) yet I will explain the nature of each: The Narcotick vertue of <HI>Opium</HI> &s;eems indeed to be extended to the Ani|mal Spirits, but the pacative vertue of Vitriol to the efferve&s;cent bile, which I think <HI>Helmont</HI> then calls <HI>the fury of the Archeus:</HI> Let all therefore &s;eek that Anodyne of Vitriol, and e&s;teem it for a great &s;ecret when they find it, for it performs wonder|ful things in curing divers mo&s;t difficult Di&s;tem|pers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &sect;. 31.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. As to the <HI>Heads and Seeds of white Poppy,</HI> of which <HI>Diacodium,</HI> as al&s;o decoctions, Emul&s;ions and other Hypnotick preparations are made, it is very plain that the&s;e are far le&s;s endued with a Narco|tick Sulphur than the concrete juice of <HI>Opium,</HI> and what thereof is in the&s;e, is far more pure and harm|le&s;s; wherefore we do oftner and more &s;ecurely give Remedies made up of the&s;e. For it is not good to a&s;cend to <HI>Laudanum,</HI> unle&s;s when through the vehemence of Symptoms Diacodiats will not do. Moreover &s;eeing the&s;e contain le&s;s of viru|lence in them, they need not much preparation, but may be u&s;ed in Medicine being only boil'd or infus'd, or &s;qeezed: But <HI>Opium</HI> is very rarely pre&s;cribed &s;im|ply and by it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis phar. Rat. p. m. 317.</NOTE> but is wont to be divers ways corrected and compounded, that it may become an Anodyne &s;afe enough,</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. When other things have been u&s;ed in vain to procure &s;leep, then comes <HI>Opium:</HI> The vul|gar are afraid of it as pre&s;ent poi&s;on, whereas be|ing rightly prepared and given in a convenient do&s;e it is an innocent and whol&s;om Medicine. The An|cients indeed have writ that it is a poi&s;on; but that is only when it is taken in too great a quan|tity: but thus there is nothing &s;o whol&s;om, which by abu&s;e may not become hurtful. Now there are divers &s;orts of poi&s;ons; &s;ome are &s;uch in their whole &s;ub&s;tance, which kill however, or in what do&s;e &s;oever they are taken: others only in quanti|ty (otherwi&s;e they may profit) as Purgers, and &s;uch things are given in that quantity as to o|vercome Nature; thus milk curdled in the Sto|mach, or juice of Lettuce are &s;aid to be poi&s;ons. But among tho&s;e things which are called Somnife|rous, <HI>Opium</HI> is the mo&s;t innocent: 1. Becau&s;e our <HI>Opium</HI> is generally the <HI>Meconium</HI> of <HI>Dio&s;corides,</HI> which is made of the juice of the leaves and heads of Poppy; but <HI>Opium</HI> is a tear: Now <HI>Meconium</HI> is far le&s;s effectual than <HI>Opium,</HI> whence it mu&s;t be given in a larger do&s;e than <HI>Opium,</HI> to hurt. 2. We mu&s;t note from <HI>Galen</HI> (5. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> 18.) that of Narcoticks &s;ome moi&s;ten, as Hemlock, Mandrake, and the&s;e are hurtful; others dry, and the&s;e are taken inward|ly without harm: And 1. <HI>de Symptom. cau&s;.</HI> he writes, Tho&s;e things which cool and moi&s;ten, cau&s;e not &s;leep, but a <HI>Coma,</HI> &s;tupefaction and <HI>Carus;</HI> but tho&s;e which dry, as <HI>Opium,</HI> are le&s;s hurtful. There|fore according to the opinion of <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and <HI>Ga|len</HI> we need not to be &s;o afraid of <HI>Opium</HI> taken mo|derately.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulg. error. 4. c. 44.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. The Ancients who thought that <HI>Opium</HI> hurt by its exce&s;&s;ive coldne&s;s, u&s;ed altogether hot Medicines to correct it, &s;uch as Pepper, <HI>Pyrethrum</HI> (or ba&s;tard Pellitory) Saffron, Ca&s;tor, <HI>Euphorbium</HI> and the like: but they were induced to correct <HI>Opium</HI> in that manner, by a fal&s;e Hypothe&s;is, and they made no good preparation of their Medicines. To &s;peak only of <HI>Philonium Romanum,</HI> heretofore a &s;uffi|ciently frequent Medicine, experience hath taught, that through the admixture of &s;o many hot Medi|cines it can hardly be &s;wallow'd but it will burn the Throat and cau&s;e an heat therein: and being mixt in Cly&s;ters, but even to half a drachm, it has in &s;ome cau&s;ed a great heat in the lower Belly and &s;treight Gut. To day it is very u&s;ual to make an extract of <HI>Opium</HI> with Spirit of Wine impregnated with <HI>&s;pec. diambr. aromat. ro&s;.</HI> or the like; or let &s;uch Spirit of Wine be added to the extract of <HI>Opium,</HI> as al&s;o di&s;tilled Oyls and Cordial waters, as we may &s;ee in the various preparations of <HI>Laudanum.</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>See</HI> Schrod. pharm. l. 4. cl. 2. c. 394.</NOTE> Some find fault with this preparation of <HI>Opium,</HI> becau&s;e it does equally depo&s;it into the Spirit of Wine the &s;tinking and poy&s;onous Sulphur, which remains in <HI>Opium</HI> even after its having pa&s;t the fire: yea being more attenuated by the Spirit it &s;ooner exerts its Malignity and in&s;inuates more intimately into the Parts: Whereto they add this al&s;o, that there is a certain Narcotick vertue in Wine. The&s;e there|fore find out another way to prepare and correct <HI>Opium:</HI> They cut <HI>Opium</HI> into &s;mall pieces, and dry it &s;o long in di&s;hes &s;et over hot a&s;hes or other gentle heat, as till the &s;tinking Sulphur exhale, and the <HI>Opium</HI> breath out a &s;weet and grateful &s;mell, and may be powdered betwixt ones Fingers; which happens commonly in &s;ix or &s;even days time; and then they draw a tincture from it with di&s;tilled Vinegar. And they chu&s;e Acids, as Vinegar, juice of Citron or Lemons, on this account, becau&s;e as Acids dull the Acrimony of the Humours, &s;o al&s;o the vertue of Narcoticks, and fix and &s;uppre&s;s the &s;tupefying Spirits: whence in &s;oporiferous Di&s;ea|&s;es, or &s;oporiferous poi&s;ons the u&s;e of Vinegar is profitable; and Vinegar and Acids are the Reme|dy of drunkenne&s;s it &s;elf. I will &s;peak here what I think: Fir&s;t as to that drying and &s;light roa&s;ting as it were of the <HI>Opium,</HI> if (which yet we ought to be &s;ure of fir&s;t) there be &s;ome heterogeneous parts in <HI>Opium,</HI> &s;ome whereof are more hurtful than others, I will not indeed be again&s;t the toa&s;ting of it, if it be done &s;o, as that the Narcotick Sulphur, who&s;e vertue is de&s;ired, be not di&s;&s;ipated and an ineffectual Body be left behind. The correction that is made by Acids, is &s;u&s;pected; for although I &s;hould grant this, that acids infringe the vertue of Narco|ticks and are good in &s;oporous Di&s;ea&s;es; yet that is not de&s;ired here, but the &s;oporiferous vertue, which, if no harm lie hid under it, is to be left altogether entire, and therefore not to be infring|ed by Vinegar. Therefore as yet I &s;ee no rea&s;on for rejecting that preparation which is made with Spirit of Wine impregnated with <HI>aromata,</HI> becau&s;e the Malignity of the Narcoticks is &s;ufficiently cor|rected thereby. Nor let the Narcotick vertue of the Spirit of Wine offend any one; for the Spirit is all &s;eparated, and we u&s;e it to &s;eparate the Sul|phur or Narcotick part of the <HI>Opium</HI> from the <HI>faeces</HI> and impurities: and when it is &s;eparated, the ver|tue of the Aromatick <HI>Species</HI> wherewith the Spirit of Wine is imbued, remains joyned with the <HI>Opium,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. Pract. l. 1. p. 2. c. 1.</NOTE> and corrects the malignity that is therein, and &s;trengthens the Heart and other <HI>Vi&s;cera.</HI></P>
<P>&para; <HI>Hor&s;tius (tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 561.) makes his <HI>Laudanum O|piatum</HI> of <HI>Opium</HI> extracted with di&s;tilled Vinegar, ad|ding the extract of Saffron and Magi&s;tery of Perles with the oyl of Vitriol, which he gives under the title of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum cum Magi&s;teriis</HI> to eight grains for the highe&s;t do&s;e. From the time, &s;ayes he, that I begun to practi&s;e, I have alwayes u&s;ed to fly to <HI>Opium</HI> rightly corrected, as to the only re|fuge,
<PB N="753" REF="340"> in the greate&s;t and mo&s;t dangerous Di&s;ea&s;es; in continual Fevers, with a total want of &s;leep with re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, and when the &s;trength was almo&s;t &s;pent, (<HI>ob&s;.</HI> 22. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>de febr.</HI>) in the mo&s;t vi lent Colick pains, in a &s;tubborn Bleeding at the No&s;e, (<HI>ob&s;. l.</HI> 1. <HI>de febr.</HI>) in the overflowing of the Terms, Dy&s;entery, pains of the Joints, Tooch-ach, Hy&s;terical convul|&s;ions, an hidden Cancer, Phren&s;ie, Melancholy, Madne&s;s, great wounds and great Chirurgical Ope|rations: yea al&s;o outwardly in &s;tanching the Blood of wounded Arteries. See <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>l.</HI> 10. <HI>Barthol. Ep.</HI> 46. <HI>cent.</HI> 3.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The famous Remedy of <HI>Opium</HI> bears a|way the bell from all in driving away watchings, and in &s;topping too great evacuations both of Natu|ral and unprofitable Humours. No errour can be omitted therein, if the ju&s;t do&s;e and fit time be ob&s;erved: but if people doat, perhaps the late&s;t weakne&s;s will be imputed to it: &s;ometimes &s;ome things that de&s;erve it not, are reputed for the cau|&s;es of a mans death, though they rather fall in with the time of death, than are them&s;elves the cau&s;ers of it: Thus in continual and malignant Fevers we have ob&s;erved that the death of the Patient has been a&s;cribed to the malignity of this generous and heroick Medicine, although given in a ju&s;t do&s;e, yet at a wrong time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfink. lib. de febr. c. 106.</NOTE> namely in the agony: &s;o that he whom Fate &s;lew, was thought to be kill'd by this Remedy.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Though, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;hews (5. <HI>&s;impl.</HI> 18.) there be divers kinds of Narcoticks, &s;ome whereof act by a manife&s;t quality, as Hemlock, Mandrake; others by an occult, or by their whole &s;ub&s;tance, as &s;omniferous Night-&s;hade; which are rarely u&s;ed by Phy&s;icians: yet <HI>Opium</HI> is the principal Narcotick, as being lea&s;t hurtful, if corrected. I u&s;e it more &s;ecurely being thus prepared: &s;eeing according to the opinion of &s;ome Phy&s;icians the crude hath an exulcerating vertue, it is fir&s;t to be dried and to be freed from its excrementitious moi&s;ture (under which its exulcerating vertue lies hid.) Where yet we mu&s;t note, the fire is to be admini&s;tred wa|rily, le&s;t it contract an <HI>Empyreuma,</HI> or be quite cal|cined, and &s;o the anodyne Sulphur, which it has hid in in its Bowels, be lo&s;t: afterwards let it be extracted with di&s;tilled Vinegar, which draws forth the Salt and Sulphur of the <HI>Opium:</HI> for the Spirit of Wine only extracts the Sulphur, and leaves the Salt untoucht, whereas its vital &s;trength is in the Salt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m. m. p. 439.</NOTE> and by means of the vinegar the tyranny of its malignity is fitly tamed withal.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Seeing it would be tedious to reckon up all the <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of le&s;&s;er hurts that Narcoticks ever u&s;e to do, we will only rehear&s;e here tho&s;e mi&s;|chiefs which by their improper &amp; un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e happen &s;ometimes in the Head, or in the Brea&s;t, or in the lowe&s;t Belly. As to the fir&s;t, it is com|monly enough known, that the principal functions of the Soul, <HI>viz.</HI> memory, di&s;cour&s;e and &s;harpne&s;s of wit are often notably hurt by Narcoticks: the frequent u&s;e of them weakens the memory in ma|ny. I knew a man that lo&s;t that faculty quite by taking too large a do&s;e of <HI>Laudanum</HI> in a Fever: I know that &s;ome have by this Medicine contracted a dulne&s;s or &s;tupidity of wit, and others madne&s;s. And the rea&s;on why <HI>Opium</HI> is devoured by the Turks in great quantity without any harm, or however without any danger of life, is, becau&s;e its particles, though at fir&s;t inimicous and poi&s;onous to the Spi+rits, yet by frequent u&s;e become at length more a|greeable and familiar: as we ob&s;erve concerning the &s;moak of Tabaco taken in a pipe; for whereas at the fir&s;t it u&s;es to cau&s;es giddine&s;s, and often Vomiting or Purging, yea cold &s;weat with trem|bling and often faintings, yet after a while we take it without di&s;turbance, yea with great delight. And the rea&s;on why a larger do&s;e of <HI>Opium</HI> adds courage and notable boldne&s;s to them, &s;o that they can enter upon a fight without fear, I &s;ay the rea&s;on &s;eems to be,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis Phar+mac. Rat. &s;ect. 7. c. 2.</NOTE> becau&s;e this Medicine by &s;omewhat &s;tupefying the Spirits makes them amazed, &s;o that they can undauntedly endure the approaches offen|&s;ible things how&s;oever terrible.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. That Opiats are &s;ometimes inimicous to the <HI>praecordia</HI> and Brea&s;t, is clear enough from hence, that they depre&s;s and dimini&s;h the pul&s;e and re&s;pi|ration, and &s;ometimes cau&s;e them to faulter, and by degrees to cea&s;e utterly. Wherefore in Fevers, where the Blood being <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o ably depraved promi&s;es either no cri&s;is or not a good one, and withal af|fords only few and weak Spirits to the Animal go|vernment, Narcoticks are almo&s;t always hurtful and poi&s;ons as it were. For though in the pe&s;ti|lence and malignant Fevers, whil&s;t the pul&s;e and re&s;piration hold out well, Treacle, Mithridate and <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> yea and <HI>Laudanum</HI> al&s;o are often given with profit: yet if at any time in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, or other Fevers that are not very malignant, the vital function langui&s;h, we mu&s;t u&s;e tho&s;e famous An|tidotes very &s;paringly, but the &s;tronger Opiats not at all. Moreover in a toil&s;om Cough, Phthi&s;ick, Pleuri&s;ie, Empyema, and in other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, namely in what&s;oever Di&s;tempers Nature is incited and &s;triveth with all her endeavour &s;udden|ly to di&s;charge her &s;elf of that which is trouble|&s;ome and oppre&s;&s;es the Brea&s;t, and withal the organs of re&s;piration, wanting a &s;ufficient plenty of Spirits, do faulter, and difficulty perform their work, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from <HI>Opium</HI> no le&s;s than from rank poi|&s;on: for in &s;uch a ca&s;e Narcoticks do encrea&s;e and fix the weight that &s;hould be removed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> and le&s;&s;en the &s;trength of the parts which &s;hould throw it off.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. It is found by experience that Opiats do operate in the Bowels of concoction and other parts of the lower Belly, and help them often no|tably in divers re&s;pects: but it will be ea&s;ie to &s;hew that often they are not &s;o friendly and kind to this region, but that &s;ometimes they do great hurt thereto. For Narcoticks being often taken are &s;ometimes very injurious to the principal facul|ty, namely the appetite of Meat (whereupon de|pends all nutrition and the root of life) as very much dulling it and often quite de&s;troying it: Be|cau&s;e when the Spirits inhabiting the inmo&s;t coat of the Stomach are &s;tupefied or de&s;troyed by the particles of the <HI>Opium,</HI> &s;o that the nervous fibres, though never &s;o much emptied, are no longer con|tracted or &s;hrivel'd up, thereupon all hunger cea|&s;es, and aliments are not at all de&s;ired: yea when they are offered to the Stomach they are pre&s;ently refu&s;ed, becau&s;e they would cau&s;e rather trouble than plea&s;ure. Moreover for the &s;ame rea&s;on the concoctive faculty of the Stomach is often weaken|ed, and the excretory motions both of it and the Inte&s;tins grow &s;luggi&s;h: for it is a common ob|&s;ervation that &s;lowne&s;s of concoction and dulne&s;s of the Belly (or co&s;tivene&s;s) are familiar effects of O|piatick Medicine.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. The &s;imple Extracts are often better than the compound, e&s;pecially when they are not combined to one and the &s;ame &s;cope: thus the ex|tract of <HI>Opium,</HI> or mo&s;t &s;imple <HI>Laudanum</HI> made only of <HI>Opium,</HI> is far to be preferr'd, in my opinion, be|fore all the <HI>Laudanum's</HI> to be had up and down, made with the e&s;&s;ence of the <HI>&s;pecies diambrae, diamo&s;chu dulce,</HI> magi&s;terie of perles, <HI>&amp;c.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. phar|macop. pag. 126.</NOTE> For the&s;e things are far better added at the time of u&s;ing it, according as the intention, or the variety of circum&s;tances are.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. <HI>Opium</HI> hath a notable vertue to hinder and bridle the vitious efferve&s;cence of Acrimonious Humours, both in the &s;mall Gut and in the heart and otherwhere, without which,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Sylvi|us prax. l. 1. c. 34. &sect; 113. <HI>See</HI> tit. de Syncope lib. 17. &sect; 6.</NOTE> hurtful and &s;harpi&s;h <HI>balitus</HI> u&s;e not to be ea&s;ily rai&s;ed, which we mu&s;t powerfully both concentrate and di&s;cu&s;s with &s;alt, volatil and oleous Medicines intimately united by the help of art.</P>
<P N="35"><PB N="754" REF="341">XXXV. <HI>Laudanum</HI> taken immediately before meat is more effectual e&s;pecially in driving away pains;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. de May|ern. Tr. de Laud. M. S.</NOTE> and in Dy&s;enteries it is good to take it not long before eating, for &s;o it exerts its vertue the more &s;trongly.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Let it never be taken on the day before Purging and Bleeding, becau&s;e it dulls the Spirits and hinders the Blood from flowing freely; for no Narcoticks whether taken by the mouth or in|jected in Cly&s;ters, are to be given before purging, becau&s;e they hinder its operation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Let it be given in a fluxion from the Head upon the Lungs, for it thickens the matter that requires expectoration; otherwi&s;e the Patient would be choaked.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. It often powerfully cau&s;es &s;weat the next day, and that plentiful, e&s;pecially about the Head and Brea&s;t, &s;ometimes all over, of which the Patients are to be admoni&s;heds.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Often after awaking, the pul&s;e is lan|guid, and the Patient very weak; in which ca&s;e he mu&s;t be helped by giving him &s;ome Wine to drink, or Vinegar to &s;mell to, or rubbing his pul&s;es with Vi|negar of Ro&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. It very frequently &s;tops a flux without &s;leep, allayeth pains and &s;trengthens the parts; in &s;ome the fir&s;t day, in others after it has been given a few times,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Nature being accu&s;tomed to the Reme|dy.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. The day before the Cri&s;is was to be I have given it an hundred times with good &s;ucce&s;s, yea to many when no &s;igns of a Cri&s;is appeared, and yet upon the giving this Medicine there has follow'd a cri&s;is the next day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> chiefly and for the mo&s;t part by &s;weat.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. A Phlegmatick Vomiting follows the gi|ving of it in tho&s;e who&s;e brain unloads it &s;elf into their Stomach, becau&s;e Nature being made drou&s;ie and the heat dulled, concoction and di&s;tribution are not duly performed; whence it comes to pa&s;s that the Stomach being loaded does di&s;gorge it &s;elf the day after;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> which the Patient mu&s;t be told of be|fore-hand, though with &s;ome doubting.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. The next morning after, there is often al&s;o a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of urine, which is to be provoked by a proper cly&s;ter, or with a fomentation of pelli|tory and chamomel fried in Butter and applied from the Navel to the <HI>pubes.</HI></P>
<P N="44">XLIV. It may be given with Purgers in Di&s;ea&s;es that are very tormenting and painful: I have gi|ven it in the Colick proceeding from Choler, with <HI>Mercurius duleis</HI> and <HI>Aquila rubra.</HI> One Mr <HI>N.</HI> being &s;ick of a continual and malignant Fever with cho|lerick vomiting &s;o large as to vomit above fifty times in 24 hours, when he had tried all Medicines and aliments in vain, I &s;topt his vomiting by &s;ome grains of <HI>Laudanum,</HI> given with 2 &s;cruples and an half of <HI>pil. cochiae,</HI> upon which he fell a&s;leep, and after five hours went to &s;tool,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the &s;tinking choler being turn'd that way.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. In the Colick with an Inflammatory di&s;po|&s;ition, if you give by the mouth or inject by Cly|&s;ter a Narcotick, take heed of Purgers the next day; for while they &s;tay long in the Body they increa&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, as I have learn'd by experi|ence in the Abbat of S. <HI>Martins;</HI> he &s;lept, and was ea&s;ed of his pain without relap&s;e; and though the operation of the Purge were &s;low, yet he went to &s;tool four or five times, and cholerick &s;tuff came away;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> however there aro&s;e a &s;light &s;ali|vation.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. When Narcoticks are given with Purgers, the quantity of the Purgers is to be increa&s;ed, be|cau&s;e the Narcotick vertue blants their &s;ting; as if half a drachm of <HI>pil. cochiae minor.</HI> be enough other|wi&s;e, let two &s;cruples or two and an half be gi|ven with a Narcotick. And let Narcoticks be gi|ven with Purges that have <HI>diagridium</HI> or <HI>coloquintida</HI> in them, whereby Nature may be &s;olicited to ex|purgation; and if the Purge &s;top, let it be called out by an acrimonious and provoking Cly&s;ter. Ob|&s;erve this carefully when you give Narcoticks with Catharticks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. In the <HI>Plague</HI> it is a principal Remedy being mixt with Cordials, namely becau&s;e by its congealing vertue the Ar&s;enical Spirits, that are mo&s;t deadly to the Heart, are fixed as it were, and the matter which is mo&s;t pernicious while it is in flux, is &s;taid and remains almo&s;t unmoved: whence it comes to pa&s;s that Nature recollecting her &s;trength can the more ea&s;ily apply to her &s;elf the vertue of the Remedy and Alexipharmacks. For in the Plague it provokes &s;weat, e&s;pecially if mixt with Cordials. As for example: Take of the wa|ter of Scabious, Meadow-&s;weet, <HI>Carduus bened. &s;cordi|um</HI> of each an ounce, of the Electuary of an Egg a &s;cruple, of the Salt of Wormwood and <HI>Card. bened.</HI> of each eight grains, of <HI>Laudanum</HI> two grains: Make a Potion, which is to be given e&s;pecially when a Phren&s;ie and burning Fever rages. This was tried in the Daughter of <HI>Gue&s;nault</HI> the Apothecary. See <HI>Ge&s;ner</HI> in his Epi&s;tles (and al&s;o above, Book 6. under the Title of <HI>Pe&s;tilential Fever</HI> and the <HI>Plague</HI>) who u&s;es <HI>Opium</HI> for a Sudorifick in the Plague. A Doctor of Phy&s;ick being &s;ick of the Plague, Phrenetick and exceeding Cholerick, by taking <HI>Laudanum</HI> came the next morning to him&s;elf, the Malady returning again towards evening, to which the &s;ame Remedy brought the &s;ame ea&s;e. He was let Blood twice or thrice, Cordials were given him, e&s;pecially <HI>Con|trayerva:</HI> About eleven his pul&s;e was tremulous, all &s;igns of death were pre&s;ent: Spots like Flea-Bites broke forth: there was a great Carbuncle about the <HI>os &s;acrum: Laudanum</HI> was given him, he &s;lept, and at la&s;t recovered:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> he took it &s;ix times com|monly in a day.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. In <HI>continual Fevers,</HI> e&s;pecially the <HI>burning,</HI> it is good to cool the heat, allay thir&s;t, appea&s;e in|quietude, procure &s;leep, &s;trengthen Nature, and to promote its Critical motion and endeavour: It often happens that on the very day or the next day after it is given, the Fever is extingui&s;hed without return. But ob&s;erve, not to give it the day before &s;olemn Remedies. (See above,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &sect;. 36. 45.)</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. It is &s;ometimes profitable a little before the Fit in Tertian Agues, the Body being fir&s;t well Purged: Whether is it becau&s;e, the motion of the morbifick cau&s;e being appea&s;ed or rather hindred as it were, its a&s;cent up to the Heart was hindred and intercepted, and therefore the <HI>cau&s;a &s;ine qua non</HI> of the Fit it &s;elf was extingui&s;hed or laid to Sleep?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. But if it be given in Agues, to interrupt the cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, let the Body be very well Purged afterwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51">LI. I approve not of that <HI>Laudanum</HI> which has Henbane in it, becau&s;e it di&s;turbs the mind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and makes Men &s;tupid, dull and giddy for &s;ome hours.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lac augentia, minuentia,</HI> or things encrea|&s;ing and le&s;&s;ening Milk.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The &s;ame things increa&s;e Milk which increa&s;e Chyle. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or which make the wayes open. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or which promote an afflux to the Brea&s;ts. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e things which provoke the Terms, do not increa&s;e Milk. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e things le&s;&s;en the Milk, which &s;often and loo&s;en the wayes. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="755" REF="341">
<ITEM>Or which hinder re&s;tagnation. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or which hinder a further afflux. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fat things are not to be applied to the Brea&s;ts when there is a re&s;tagnation. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Repellents are not always to be u&s;ed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that repel the Milk are better applied to the Heart. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The curdling of the Milk is to be hindred by any means. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT &s;eems an ea&s;ie reque&s;t for Women, to de&s;ire the increa&s;e of their Milk; yet the Phy&s;ician often finds it great enough, if he will undertake to gratifie it. As for the things that increa&s;e Milk, they either 1. <HI>Increa&s;e the Chyle</HI> and the more &s;erous and chylous parts of the Blood, not only <HI>alimentous</HI> things that are eafily convertible into chyle and blood, as rear-Eggs, Almond milk or Pottage, plen|tiful drinking, Cows Udders which are better reckoned among Aliments than Medicines, becau&s;e they ea&s;ily contract an hogo; but al&s;o <HI>Medicamentous,</HI> which have oily parts that communicate and are immer&s;ed with watry, which is very &s;uitable to the chyle and milk (which is nothing el&s;e but the &s;ub&s;tantifick oily parts mixt with the watry) &s;uch as Carduus &s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Other temperate oily things have the &s;ame effect al&s;o, as the Seeds of Fennil, Par&s;nip, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. <HI>They open the ways,</HI> and free the Pores, &s;o that the Milk may freely flow to the Brea&s;ts; whence <HI>Langius</HI> &s;ays that all Sudorificks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mi&s;cel. Cu|rio&s;. p. 46.</NOTE> to wit the kindly and temperate, work that effect; namely ab&s;orbers, that hinder coagulation, and by their alkaline Na|ture (as Salt is the interpreter of the conjunction of oily Parts with watry) procure this commix|ture: Thus the &s;ame Per&s;on commends as a &s;ecret the decoction of dried Elder flowers in Cows milk, as a mo&s;t approved Experiment. Likewi&s;e Cry&s;tal prepared, Earth-worms prepared, and before all <HI>Lac Lunae:</HI> Periwinkle al&s;o is good taken any way.</P>
<P N="3">III. Or 3. <HI>They promote the afflux</HI> of the Milk to the Brea&s;ts, as Frictions, and fomentations of Deco|ctions: fre&s;h Burnet laid between the Brea&s;ts is commended. Among Minerals Cry&s;tal, and e&s;pe|cially Quick&s;ilver is powerful, as appears by the tryal of the Women at <HI>Padua,</HI> who when their Milk fails buy for them&s;elves of the Apothecaries a filberd &s;hell that has the kernel got out of it through a little hole bored in it, and fill'd with Quick&s;ilver, the little hole being &s;topt with wax; and hang it about their Necks to re&s;tore their Milk, which falls out according to their de&s;ire.<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. Med. p. 858.</NOTE> <HI>H. Saxonia</HI> gives a double rea&s;on of its manner of acting, 1. That the Women are of opinion that it is good for fa&s;cina|tions, and that when the Milk is lo&s;t by bewitch|ing, it is re&s;tored by this means: 2. That Quick|&s;ilver has a vaporous &s;ub&s;tance in it, and is of &s;o thin parts, that it cannot only in&s;inuate it &s;elf into all the thinner parts, but can al&s;o di&s;&s;olve and dige&s;t gritty Tumours: whence he argues that it there|fore profits in the failure of Milk, becau&s;e it can fu&s;e and attenuate the thick Blood, which for its thickne&s;s and clammine&s;s could not enter into the <HI>Venae Mammariae</HI> and Glands: We have advi&s;ed the &s;ame thing with &s;ucce&s;s; but the effect in this ca&s;e is rightly a&s;cribed to the Quick&s;ilver, becau&s;e it makes the Humours, <HI>viz.</HI> the Bood and <HI>Serum,</HI> more fluxile, whence it is more &s;trongly &s;tirr'd up to mo|tion, and Milk is collected in the Brea&s;ts according to Nature.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Tho&s;e things that provoke the Terms do not increa&s;e Milk; for they are both contrary indica|tions and oppo&s;ite motions. Now though it may be alledged to the contrary; that by Experience the flowing of the Terms and the pre&s;ence of Milk may &s;tand together, and that &s;ome things, as Fen|nil, promote both; yet if the <HI>the&s;is</HI> be under&s;tood of tho&s;e which are properly &s;o called, <HI>viz.</HI> tho&s;e which penetrate and drive forwards more &s;trongly, it is true and hath a real foundation.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Le&s;&s;eners of the Milk</HI> act either 1. <HI>By &s;oftning and loo&s;ning the wayes;</HI> for all Milk that re&s;tagnates and finds no exit by Sucking, curdles, whence the Brea&s;ts are &s;welled, inflamed, and are often &s;uppurated. Hence it is an approved Remedy<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Willi&s;. de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eb. p. 28<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> to apply <HI>Empla&s;t. &egrave; Diachylo</HI> to the Brea&s;ts in this ca&s;e; for &s;preading a Pla&s;ter hereof all over the Brea&s;t, leaving only an hole for the Nipple, the Milk either flows out or is wa&s;ted without Pain.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Or 2. <HI>By di&s;cu&s;&s;ing</HI> or <HI>re&s;olving the re&s;tagnation,</HI> which being done, tho&s;e things are not only profi|table inwardly which promote a regre&s;s into the Ve&s;&s;els and di&s;&s;ipate, as Bezoardick Sudorificks, but all &s;uch things al&s;o which hinder curdling or coagu|lation; whether they be effectual <HI>Emollients,</HI> as <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> (whence <HI>Timaeus</HI> writes that there is no|thing &s;o good for a &s;welling of the Brea&s;ts through the plenty of Milk, as <HI>Min&s;ichtus's</HI> Cerecloth of <HI>Sperma Ceti;</HI>) or be endued with a <HI>volatil Sulphur</HI> or <HI>Salt,</HI> as Camphor, Saffron, which yet is to be u&s;ed &s;paringly; or <HI>Salt</HI> things, whence Women are wont to lay upon their Brea&s;ts Saffron, Salt and Sage, as a cheap and ea&s;ie Remedy; or <HI>bitter</HI> which hinder coagulation, and are Enemies to the con&s;i|&s;tence of Milk; whence tho&s;e things which le&s;&s;en Seed, le&s;&s;en Milk al&s;o, as Mint, Hemlock, Worm|wood. Outwardly al&s;o Frictions with things that are not rough or rugged, as with a Weazils Skin, di&s;&s;ipate notably; likewi&s;e to rob them with a &s;oft bru&s;h. Milk is al&s;o di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by this vulgar Expe|riment: If a Woman that gives &s;uck would have her Milk to dry up &s;oon, &s;he milks out her Milk upon the Coals, and in a little time her Brea&s;ts grow flaggy: which yet is but an indifferent Reme|dy; in a &s;lighter ca&s;e indeed it profits, as we have tryed; but in a greater very little, as often all other things. Women need not be afraid that no Milk at all will return afterwards, for that is con|trary to Experience.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Or 3. <HI>By hindring the further afflux,</HI> &s;uch as are both <HI>A&s;tringents,</HI> as it's u&s;ual to apply a quilted Bag with the Powder of Myrtle Berries (open in the middle) and to anoint the Brea&s;ts with Oil of Myrtles, though 'tis better to let Oils alone; and al&s;o <HI>Repellents,</HI> whether <HI>earthy</HI> and <HI>watry,</HI> as, of com|mon white bole and ceru&s;s make a ma&s;s with Ro&s;e|water and apply it; or <HI>acid,</HI> as &s;imple Vinegar or &s;aturnis'd, whether applied alone, or mixt with di&s;|cutients; whence that notable Experiment of <HI>Mo|rellus (Pag.</HI> 567.) <HI>viz.</HI> a Sponge dipt in the deco|ction of Cummin or Coriander &s;eed with the &s;har|pe&s;t Vinegar: hither belong Oxycrate, Ointment of Ro&s;es, a Catapla&s;m of the flowr of Beans and Vetches, Cummin-&s;eed, with the juice of Night|&s;hade and Plantain, Vinegar and Oil of Ro&s;es: <HI>Pliny</HI> commends the Dregs of Vinegar. And the&s;e are u&s;eful in three ca&s;es, whether in weaning of Children, which may be a good while in doing, and &s;o the matter &s;ucceeds more happily; or when the Children die, where it is more difficult; like|wi&s;e for Pre&s;ervation, by Per&s;ons of Quality, and others, that will not nur&s;e their own Children, in which ca&s;e I have often u&s;ed Pla&s;ters with very good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Fat things are not to be applied to the Brea&s;ts in the re&s;tagnation of the Milk; for they not only moi&s;ten more, and cau&s;e a greater influx, but are apt to cau&s;e an Inflammation when there is none, or to increa&s;e it when there is: whence as often as we have &s;een fat things applied in Pain from plenty of Milk, we have almo&s;t as often ob&s;erved Suppuration to follow. Di&s;cu&s;&s;ers are better in that ca&s;e, &s;uch as Lime-water, which is as good as any thing in the world to hinder all Inflammation, and to cool and di&s;cu&s;s.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Repellents are not to be ordinarily u&s;ed for the Brea&s;ts, both becau&s;e of the Neighbourhood of the Heart, and al&s;o becau&s;e they are apt to cur|dle the Milk, and fa&s;ten as it were and hinder the
<PB N="756" REF="342"> motion of the fluxil Humours, that they cannot &s;o well pa&s;s back, be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, or flow out: hence they are not to be applied but in the begin|ning, and then only the milder, or mixt with Dige&s;ters.</P>
<P N="10">X. Things that repel the Milk are better ap|plied to the Back, namely that the liquor which is about to flow to the Brea&s;ts may rather be averted, than when it is already therein, &s;hould be detained ami&s;s. Thus for this purpo&s;e I have tryed the Pla|&s;ter <HI>ex &s;permate ranarum</HI> applied to the Back; and be|fore, <HI>Empl. diachylum,</HI> to very good purpo&s;e; for &s;o the Milk that is going to flow into the Brea&s;ts, is &s;topt as it were in the way, and that which is already flow'd in, finds an exit: which we may imitate al|&s;o with other &s;uch like.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The coagulation of the Milk is to be hin|dred by any means: but if it cannot be &s;oftned and di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, Suppuration is to be promoted. Hence re&s;olvers are always to be put in &s;uch Medicines, of Smallage, Cummin and Coriander Seed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> likewi&s;e acids are to be mixed with Inciders. Moreover all that we have mentioned have place when the matter is as yet within the government of Nature, &s;o that &s;he can apply the&s;e Remedies to her &s;elf: but if not, there is no other Remedy but Suppuration, which is performed by the more pe|netrating Emollients, e&s;pecially by Lin&s;eed Oil, Honey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 195.</NOTE> the flowr of Lin&s;eed, yelks of Eggs, Tur|pentine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Lac, Lactis Serum,</HI> or Milk and Whey.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Sometimes one &s;ort of Milk, and &s;ometimes another are requi|&s;ite according to the variety of Indications. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be always to be forbidden for the Conditions in <HI>5. Aph. 64.11.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Milk or Whey are to be given crude, when boil'd. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where it is nece&s;&s;ary and yet does harm, what may be u&s;ed in its &s;tead. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not to be taken with Bread. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If part of it &s;top in the Me&s;entery, how it may be excluded thence. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>A&s;&s;es</HI> Milk is to be preferred before Whey, and when on the contrary. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Fever does not always binder the u&s;e of A&s;&s;es Milk. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The powerfulne&s;s of Milk in &s;undry Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Whey</HI> of <HI>A&s;&s;es</HI> Milk is effectual in Ob&s;tructions. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Goats</HI> Milk fills the Head. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether di&s;till'd Milk cool more. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way to make <HI>Whey</HI> that will pa&s;s through quickly. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In internal Inflammations it is not to be depurated by acids. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is &s;ometimes hurtful. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is u&s;ed for a long time, let it be made loo&s;ening. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Ancients u&s;ed Milk very frequently: for they often made u&s;e of it to Purge &s;lightly, to wa&s;h and attemperate after Purging, and very frequently to correct the acrimony of the Humours, and la&s;tly to thicken. And as the thinne&s;t of all was cho&s;en for Purging, (as A&s;&s;es milk) and was wont to be given for that p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rpo&s;e in a notable quantity; &s;o the thicker was preferred f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r thicken|ing: But in o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">her ca&s;es a mediocrity of &s;ub&s;tance was lookt after, either thickening it by boiling, or on the contrary making it thi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">er by mixing divers liquors with it: for they u&s;ed both Cows milk, and Sheeps and Goats milk, as the ca&s;e re|quired; but with this di&s;tinction, that when they intended to Purge, or to wa&s;h down the Belly, they gave it in the large&s;t quantity: for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> gave &s;ometimes a Gallon for that purpo&s;e, but in other ca&s;es &s;eldom above a quart, that it might be detained and concocted in the Stomach. When therefore he &s;ays in the 5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 64. that <HI>it is bad to give Milk to tho&s;e who are troubled with the Head ach,</HI> &amp;c. he &s;peaks not of that which is given in a great quan|tity to Purge withal, for that, to &s;peak properly, is not <HI>lac dare,</HI> to give Milk, but rather to Purge with Milk,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mart<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">an.</NOTE> which manner of &s;peaking was u&s;ual with <HI>Hip|pocrates.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Nor does Milk given thus bring tho&s;e incon|veniences that are imputed to Milk given other|ways: and the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e it makes no long &s;tay in the Stomach, &s;o as to be able to &s;end forth vapours to the Head, or cau&s;e <HI>flatus;</HI> and becau&s;e being taken in a large quantity, it is not &s;ubject to the danger of corruption (for on the&s;e things the hurts of Milk depend.) And that this was <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s meaning may be demon&s;trated from his Doctrine, &s;eeing he u&s;es A&s;&s;es or Goats milk diluted in all ca|&s;es wherein it is forbidden by the pre&s;ent Apho|ri&s;m; for he u&s;es it in Ulcers of the Head, 2. <HI>de Morb. v.</HI> 158. and in the Falling Sickne&s;s, 4. <HI>Acut. v.</HI> 52. In Fevers he very often pre&s;cribes Purging with A&s;&s;es milk, in a Quotidian from Choler, and in the Fever called Interficient, 2. <HI>de Morbis;</HI> in a burning Fever, 2. <HI>Acut. v.</HI> 10. in Di&s;ea&s;es to which an acute Fever is joined, for in&s;tance in an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> 2. <HI>de Morbis:</HI> Nor does he deny it to them who&s;e extended Hypochondres rumble, when he gives A&s;&s;es milk both to the Hepatick and Splenetick, even &s;uch as incline to a Drop&s;ie, to Purge them, <HI>l. de int. affect. v.</HI> 113. Further he di&s;allows of Milk to tho&s;e who have had a large evacuation of Blood, and yet 4. <HI>Acut.</HI> he commands tho&s;e to be Purged with A&s;&s;es milk who have had a large flux of Blood. Seeing therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;es Milk to Purge withal in all ca&s;es wherein it is condemned by the pre&s;ent Aphori&s;m, we mu&s;t affirm that <HI>lac dare,</HI> to give Milk, &s;ignifies not Milk to Purge withal, but that Milk which is given for nouri&s;hment or alte|ration: which is confirmed by this, becau&s;e reckon|ing up the ca&s;es wherein it is profitably given, he only rehear&s;es tho&s;e that want nouri&s;hment, I mean the Con&s;umptive, Per&s;ons afflicted with long Fe|vers, and the too much extenuated, whom we may by no means Purge, at lea&s;t very rarely. <HI>P. Mar|tianus</HI> upon this Aphori&s;m thinks, that it is thus to be under&s;tood, that Milk mu&s;t be ab&s;tained from where all the&s;e Symptoms come together, but not when any one of them is found alone; for if it were not &s;o, there would hardly ever be place for Milk. Wherefore Milk will be ill in a Fever whereto all that concour&s;e of Accidents &s;hall be joined; which may be collected from the la&s;t words of the Aphori&s;m, <HI>But it is conveniently pre&s;cribed al&s;o in long continuing and &s;low Fevers, if none of the things mentioned be pre&s;ent;</HI> that is, if the Sick be neither thir&s;ty, nor have rumblings in his Belly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sinibald. Antiph. 22&punc; lib. 3.</NOTE> nor chole+rick Stools.</P>
<P N="3">III. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> gave <HI>A&s;&s;es milk</HI> boiled in the Bloody Flux, that Purging by its plenty (for he gave a great quantity in the beginning of the Flux) the Parts might be made more firm, whence the Flux might be re&s;trained: for in boiling, &s;ome thinner and moi&s;ter parts of the Milk evaporate, which by moi&s;tening might make the Humours more fluxile: Which is ob&s;erved not only in Milk, but inviolably al&s;o in Whey by <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> For as often as there is need of drying, as in all Fluxes, in Catarrhs, and other &s;uch like ca&s;es, he always u&s;es both Whey and Milk boiled; but raw, when he would loo&s;en and moi&s;ten, and where it is expedient to keep the Belly loo&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in v. 72. S. 1. 7. Epid. &amp; l. de vict. acut. v. 10.</NOTE> Which di&s;tinction when Modern Phy|&s;icians neglect in giving Whey, that u&s;e it indiffe|rently not only boiled, but twice or thrice filtrated, 'tis no wonder they are &s;o often fru&s;trated in the end intended.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="757" REF="342">IV. If perchance natural Milk, either through an occult property or manife&s;t quality, be not plea|&s;ing to the nature of the Patient, (which for the fir&s;t days ought to be A&s;&s;e's, becau&s;e it cools more than Goats, <HI>viz.</HI> for the fir&s;t twenty days, but for the following forty, Goat's) u&s;e an artificial in its &s;tead, for the fir&s;t days likewi&s;e more cooling than nouri&s;hing, but for the re&s;t cooling and nouri&s;hing. Take of clean&s;ed Melon-&s;eeds an Ounce, of the four cold &s;eeds of each half a Drachm, of the water of Mallows and Gourd of each five Ounces, where|with make an Emul&s;ion: Afterwards, Take of clean|&s;ed Melon &s;eeds an Ounce, twenty &s;weet Almonds, forty Pine kernels,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con|&s;ult. 87. Cent. 3.</NOTE> of Chicken broth ten Ounces, wherewith make an Emul&s;ion.</P>
<P N="5">V. Let Milk be drunk warm from the Cow with a little Sugar, but by no means with a mor&s;el of Bread, le&s;t by &s;taying too long in the Stomach it hurt the Head by filling of it;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem cent. 3. Con&s;. 29.</NOTE> and let it be u&s;ed above forty dayes.</P>
<P N="6">VI. In the mean time that no thicker part of the &s;ame Milk be curdled and &s;tick in the Me&s;entery, let the Patient every tenth day take an Ounce of the Cream of Tartar di&s;&s;olv'd in Broth, that tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages may be clear'd.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Why did <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who was wont &s;o fre|quently to u&s;e Whey, both to Purge and wa&s;h down, never u&s;e it in a burning Fever, though it may &s;eem to &s;atisfie all the intentions that occur in the cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e? I an&s;wer, That <HI>Hippocrates</HI> does here give Milk, becau&s;e he &s;uppo&s;es that in this Fever, cholerick ichors that fall upon the Belly do offend, in which ca&s;e there &s;eems no Re|medy that can be thought on more convenient than A&s;&s;es milk; for this by its Purging vertue may ea|&s;ily draw down the fore&s;aid Humours now &s;tirr'd up to motion, and cool all the e&s;tuating Body, and mi|tigate and attemperate all the Juices. And be|cau&s;e it is expedient that the Belly after it has been loo&s;ened by Purging, &s;hould remain more firm, he commands the Milk to be fir&s;t boiled, which is u&s;ual with <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in all kinds of Fluxions. Nor does he fear any hurt from the Milk becau&s;e of the Fe|ver, becau&s;e &s;eeing by rea&s;on of its great quantity it de&s;cends quickly, it cannot contract &s;uch a Putrefaction from the febrile heat, as to hurt the Patient: and where (5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 64.) he forbids to give Milk to People in Fevers, he &s;peaks of that Milk which is given for nouri&s;hment in that quantity as may be concocted in the Stomach. But &s;eeing Whey may do the &s;ame thing, and more &s;afely; becau&s;e of the Fever which &s;eems to forbid the u&s;e of Milk, why does he let this alone, and rather allow Milk? That may be proved to be done by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> for Three Rea&s;ons: 1. Becau&s;e perhaps Whey does not carry forth cholerick Humours &s;o as it does Phlegmatick: For though <HI>Hippocrates</HI> do e&s;pecially u&s;e Whey to wa&s;h down and contemperate, yet he us'd it far oftener in Phlegmatick Di&s;tempers than in Cholerick, although this will &s;eem new to very many: who yet if they look over the places where|in there is mention of giving Whey, will find it mo&s;t true: Yea 1. <HI>de Morb. mul. &s;.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 101. he hath reckoned Whey among the Medicines that drive forth Phlegm. 2. A &s;econd rea&s;on is, Becau&s;e &s;ee|ing Whey is very familiar the offending Humour, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> calls a bilious ichor, he is afraid le&s;t the Whey that is drunk &s;hould be turn'd into it: for he has admoni&s;hed, that on this account the cognations of juices to one another are to be con&s;ider'd, (<HI>Lib. de vet. Med. v.</HI> 434.) that we may avoid not only tho&s;e things which from their own Nature are bad for us, but tho&s;e al&s;o which are &s;o becau&s;e of the cognation through which they are ea&s;ily changed into a juice of alike nature. 3. The Third rea&s;on is this: He propo&s;es not Whey in this ca&s;e, becau&s;e it is &s;uppo&s;ed that it is the Sum|mer Sea&s;on, in which Whey has a greater acrimo|ny than is convenient: For 'tis certain that the Ancients did not u&s;e to give Whey at all times; for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> never &s;poke of giving it, but added a condition which may re&s;pect &s;ome peculiar and &s;it time. For <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb. v.</HI> 158. and in other pla|ces he adds this condition, <HI>If the Sea&s;on of the year per|mit.</HI> And that he ab&s;tained from it in the Summer, for the rea&s;on a&s;&s;ign'd, is probable: for it cannot be doubted either of the Spring or Autumn, &s;eeing he gave it to <HI>Eratolaus</HI>'s Son about the Au|tumnal Equinox:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian comm. in v. 10. S. 4. l. de vict. Acut.</NOTE> That he gave it in the Winter we may pre&s;ume, &s;eeing he u&s;ed to give it in Di|&s;ea&s;es wherein Phlegm prevails, which reigns in Winter.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Milk is forbid by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> to Per&s;ons in Fevers, becau&s;e it may turn to choler and a nido|rous corruption: but the &s;ame <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>Aph.</HI> 65. grants it to tho&s;e who are not very feveri&s;h, which yet mu&s;t be under&s;tood of a Putrid Fever, for who doubts of its u&s;e in Hecticks? Therefore we mu&s;t only ab&s;tain from it (<HI>viz.</HI> A&s;&s;es milk) in the Fit, and allow it on other days. Nor will Ob&s;tructions hinder, for tho&s;e being dry may be taken away by its mollifying of them, &s;eeing it contains neither a chee&s;ie nor buttery &s;ub&s;tance that might cau&s;e or increa&s;e them; whence <HI>A&euml;tius</HI> gives A&s;&s;es milk to di&s;&s;olve gritty Tumours, and for pre&s;ervation from the Stone; and e&s;pecially &s;eeing the &s;ame Per&s;on in Quartans from adu&s;tion, even without any &s;u&s;picion of an Hectick, gives A&s;&s;es or Goats milk, from three to &s;ix Pints, to Purge withal.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Indeed there is &s;omething divine lies hid in Milk, which I had never believed unle&s;s I had found it by my &s;en&s;es in tho&s;e whom I have per&s;waded to drink it to mitigate and at length to get rid of the torment of the Gout: I have with the&s;e eyes &s;een them made new men as it were thereby; for by a right u&s;e of it very many have acquired a firmer habit, a better colour, and &s;tronger Faculties: Moreover by it hypochondriacal Symptoms and the Stone have been removed, which to &s;ome will &s;eem incredible:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Jo. Ja. Wep|ferus in cen|tur. Ob&s;erv. Verza&s;chae, p. 276.</NOTE> I could produce living In&s;tances of this thing. But in this cure one thing is to be greatly heeded, that the Milk be not turned into clods or choler.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Whey of A&s;&s;es Milk is commended above the re&s;t, not becau&s;e it is colder, as &s;ome Moderns think, but becau&s;e it clean&s;eth and evacuates more, by rea&s;on of a certain acrimony it partakes of: upon which account it is commended by <HI>Me|&s;uc</HI> even in the Drop&s;ie and confirmed Ob&s;tru|ctions.</P>
<P N="11">XI. The Whey of Goats milk, although it cools, yet moi&s;tens; and which is of greater concern, &s;o fills the Head it &s;elf, that tho&s;e who are &s;ubject to De&s;tillations fall into Pains of the Joints by the u&s;e of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. Pr. pr. p. 1. c. 18.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Some u&s;e di&s;tilled Whey in Fevers that it may cool the more: Now in di&s;tillation none doubts, but that the thinner parts a&s;cend, and the thicker &s;ub&s;ide. But it is clear from <HI>Galen</HI> (10. <HI>Meth. c.</HI> 9.) that there can be found no cold &s;ub&s;tance that is of thin parts: Separate therefore as much as you will, you &s;hall always have the thinner parts, and therefore the hotter, if you take that which pa&s;&s;eth out, and not that which remains behind. Yet they contend that the thin are depu|rated from the Nitre, and therefore that di&s;tilled Whey has lo&s;t its purging vertue: but give but five Pints or more of that di&s;tilled Whey, <HI>viz.</HI> as much as the Ancients gave of the undi&s;tilled, and I'le be far enough if it loo&s;en not the Belly, yea by &s;o much the more, by how much it penetrates the Belly better, and by its thinne&s;s wa&s;heth, clean|&s;eth and purgeth. Hear<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Comment. Alchym. part. 1. l. 3. c. 18.</NOTE> <HI>Libavius: Thus therefore Milk is divided into three parts, namely the Aereal, with which is al&s;o the fiery, which may be &s;eparated by di&s;tillation; Se|condly the watry; and la&s;tly the earthy, which they call Chee&s;e, as the watry, Whey.</HI> Therefore according to him,
<PB N="758" REF="343"> that which goes out fir&s;t in di&s;tillation, cannot pro|perly be called <HI>Serum</HI> or Whey, but it is called the aereal and fiery part:<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Rod Ca|&s;tren&s;is tract. de &s;ero. cap. 8.</NOTE> in the &s;econd place comes the Whey, and then the earthy or chee&s;y part is left. &para; If you de&s;ire a more perfect Separation by the help of fire, mark that you will receive almo&s;t nothing of the Sulphur, for its vertue vani&s;heth away, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But after the heat comes to the other &s;ub&s;tance, which is the Salt, it readily a&s;cends (be|cau&s;e it is di&s;&s;olved;) and if it find the cover clo&s;e, it will remain &s;ublimed: but if there be a <HI>ro&s;trum</HI> or &s;nout, in the cover, the thin &s;ub&s;tance will pa&s;s forth, yet not without the Salt; becau&s;e the Salt of fixt has been made volatil: therefore from your di&s;tillation you &s;hall have a liquor, that is thin in|deed and clear, but full of a volatil Salt, there|fore unfit to cool, yet more profitable for Drop&s;ies and other cold Di&s;ea&s;es, but hurtful not only for cold intemperatures, but al&s;o for dry, becau&s;e it is hot and drying.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem cap. ult.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. Whey &s;hould be made ju&s;t before it is drunk, and of Milk that is newly drawn from the Cow, boiling the &s;aid Milk one walm, and a&s;&s;oon as it begins to boil, dropping a little of the Juice of Lemon or Vinegar into it, and then taking it pre&s;ently off the fire; for there will forthwith be a &s;eparation of the Whey from the chee&s;ie part, which by &s;training and clarifying with the white of an Egg becomes very clear, and may be taken in a large quantity without offence to the Stomach, &s;o that it is often drunk by &s;ome like Mineral waters with great benefit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River cent. 1. Ob&s;. 98.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. When the Stomach is inflamed, Whey is good, but not that which is depurated with acids; for &s;harp things exa&s;perate Inflammations, accor|ding to <HI>Galen</HI> xi. <HI>Meth.</HI> 19. Put into it the juice of &s;weet-&s;cented Apples.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con&s;. 86. cent. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. I &s;u&s;pect too much Whey, &s;eeing all unpro|fitable moi&s;tures in the Veins either grow &s;owr or &s;alt.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem con&s;. 3. cent. 1.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Hercules Saxonia</HI> gives this admonition con|cerning Whey, that if it be to be given daily in the hotter Di&s;ea&s;es, Temperaments, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> it is to be made loo&s;ening or diuretick, or to be given in a moderate quantity. For, &s;ays he, as I have found by Experience, they that take much of it, and re|tain it, grow wor&s;e: perhaps becau&s;e it is vaporous, as Milk al&s;o is.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Lenients, <HI>or Loo&s;eners.</HI> (See <HI>Alvus ad&s;tricta,</HI> or Co&s;tivene&s;s, BOOK I.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They are to be u&s;ed in the beginning of every Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to be taken. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some work by accident. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some <HI>per &s;e</HI> or of them&s;elves. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether they be always convenient. <HI>V. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be given with meat. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be mixed with Purgers. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Lenients &s;uffice not to carry down the Excrements of the fir&s;t Region, Purgers are to be given. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes we mu&s;t u&s;e Emollients, &s;ometimes Clean&s;ers. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things &s;prinkled with Night-dew loo&s;en effectually. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to loo&s;en the Belly by a Decoction of Prunes. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>SOme</HI> think now adays that we mu&s;t u&s;e <HI>Lenient</HI> Medicines in the beginning of every Di&s;ea&s;e; 1. Becau&s;e mens Bodies are far more filled and im|pure than in <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s time: 2. Then unle&s;s the fir&s;t ways be clear, the Humours that are to be brought forth from a far will be forbid an exit and give great di&s;turbance: 3. That by con&s;equence they are communicated to the Ve&s;&s;els about the Liver, infect the Blood contained therein, and &s;o may beget new Di&s;ea&s;es, or increa&s;e tho&s;e that are in being already: We mu&s;t always begin at that without which we cannot &s;afely execute &s;omething el&s;e: 4. There is no profitable &s;ub&s;tance in the mucous and cholerick Humours in the Guts, nor in the foul moi&s;ture that be&s;ets the Glands of the Me|&s;entery and Caul: The&s;e are already &s;eparated from the profitable juice, and neither de&s;ire nor admit of concoction. 5. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> contradicts not, when (1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 22.) he bids us medicate things con|cocted and not crude: for there he &s;peaks only of the Humours that are in the &s;econd and third Re|gion. <HI>Others</HI> grant that the u&s;e of Lenients is &s;ome|times nece&s;&s;ary, but not always, nor in every Pa|tient, nor in every form. 1. There is pre&s;ent an indication to purge, and to pull up the roots of the Di&s;ea&s;e by &s;tronger Medicines: Our &s;luggi&s;h|ne&s;s is the cau&s;e that we cure not great Di&s;ea&s;es, becau&s;e we will never have done with Lenitives: That Phy&s;icians may avoid calumny, they commonly pre&s;cribe no Remedy that is generous. 2. When the Body is crude, 'tis &s;afer to move nothing, e&s;pe|cially when the Faculties are weak. 3. There is &s;ometimes greater need of Bleeding. 4. Some when they hear of Phy&s;ick, pre&s;ently nau&s;eate, e&s;pecially &s;uch things as u&s;e to be given in a larger quantity, as Lenitives. <HI>This di&s;tinction is to be u&s;ed,</HI> By rea&s;on of divers circum&s;tances Lenients are nece&s;&s;arily premi|&s;ed in the fir&s;t place: but &s;ometimes they may be omitted or po&s;tponed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfink. m m. &s;pec. p. 450.</NOTE> if the great cau&s;es rehear&s;ed be pre&s;ent.</P>
<P N="2">II. Lenients for curation, when a Chronical Di|&s;ea&s;e invades, mu&s;t be taken before Preparatives to clean&s;e the fir&s;t ways, in the Mornings: For pre&s;ervation, to keep the Belly &s;oluble, they mu&s;t be given at the &s;ame time. Let us inquire whether it may be done before Meat, or in a &s;hort while after. <HI>Galen</HI> (2. <HI>de Aiim. Facult. c.</HI> 31.) &s;eems to affirm that Meat is not to be taken pre&s;ently after a Me|dicine; for &s;peaking of Prunes loo&s;ening the Belly he &s;ays thus: <HI>It is clear that after we have eaten them it is profitable for loo&s;ening the Belly to drink &s;weet wine, and to interpo&s;e &s;ome time, and not pre&s;ently after to Dine: and we mu&s;t remember that this is common to all things that loo&s;en the Belly.</HI> Some are afraid of le&s;&s;ening the loo&s;ening vertue, if one either eat pre&s;ently after a Medicine, or it be taken as one Dines or Sups: for they think there is danger that either the vertue of the Medicine will be dulled, or that it will be utterly corrupted from the mixture with the Meat, e&s;pecially if meats be thrown in without any choice, and be contrary to the Medicine, as hard and a&s;tringent. As in the compo&s;ition of a purging Medicine there are &s;ome things added to increa&s;e its operation, as Ginger, <HI>Sal gemmae;</HI> &s;o it is not to be doubted but among&s;t aliments there are &s;ome to be found, which do dull Purgers, and weaken their operation. 2. The &s;ame Per&s;ons are afraid of corruption, or at lea&s;t of a <HI>diminution</HI> of concoction. Meats are corrupted, becau&s;e Medicines are enemies to Na|ture, and &s;pur her forward to Excretion: They are concocted imperfectly, whil'&s;t by the motion of Fermentation they di&s;turb the action of Chylifica|tion, which is performed quietly, clo&s;ely and lei|&s;urely: Moreover the Chyle is communicated crude to the lacteal Ve&s;&s;els, and the fault of the fir&s;t con|coction is communicated to the &s;econd. 3. Others will have Lenitives to be taken extraordinarily, ei|ther a little before, or ju&s;t with the Meat. Things per&s;wading this are, 1. The nau&s;eating nature of the Patient, which cannot take Medicines alone: 2. The nature of the Medicines, which being not &s;trong, do &s;lowly execute their office: be&s;ides they cannot re&s;i&s;t the heat of the Stomach, unle&s;s Meat taken either with them or a while after them hinder it: 3. They may al&s;o be turned into Ali|ment
<PB N="759" REF="343"> by an hungry Stomach. Experience teach|eth, that Lenitives, as pills of Aloes, taken half an hour before Dinner or Supper, in the mid&s;t of them, yea or in the end of either, do their office very well, in a ju&s;t do&s;e, being continued for two or three times: the action it &s;elf may be confirmed by rea|&s;ons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> and &s;trongly defended from the force of their arguments that think otherwi&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">III. If inquiry be made concerning the manner of their action and operation, we &s;ay that it differs not from that of Purgers: For Lenients irritate, both by accident, and <HI>per &s;e</HI> or properly and of them&s;elves. Tho&s;e things do it <HI>by accident</HI> that di&s;|&s;olve the con&s;i&s;tence of the <HI>faeces,</HI> hinder their com|paction, and make them fluxile, when they are more ea&s;ily expelled, &s;uch as are 1. <HI>things watry, moi&s;t and which may be drunk,</HI> whence we ob&s;erve that by drinking much the Belly is continually kept loo&s;e: and therefore tho&s;e who have their Belly ob&s;truct|ed by the drine&s;s of the ordure and inte&s;tines, we profitably advi&s;e them to drink a little more freely, which unle&s;s they do, all &s;timulaters are but in vain. Thus the whey of Goats milk be&s;ides its ni|trous vertue, helps to loo&s;en the Belly by its wa|try con&s;i&s;tence. 2. <HI>Things mucilaginous, pulpous,</HI> and &s;uch as are endued with a power of moi&s;tening effectu|ally, and of moving and di&s;turbing the Humours &s;ometimes, as Rai&s;ins and Corinths without their &s;tones, which we have commended with good &s;uc|ce&s;s in an ob&s;tinate co&s;tivene&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. <HI>Fat things,</HI> for the&s;e al&s;o do both excellently &s;mooth the &s;ides of the Guts, and al&s;o hinder the hardne&s;s of the excre|ments, or take it away if it be there already: hence Butter, e&s;pecially before meal, loo&s;ens the Belly, al&s;o oyl of &s;weet Almonds; not to mention, that the&s;e very fat things al&s;o them&s;elves have Sa|line &s;timulating parts. 4. <HI>Saline things,</HI> whence Salt of Tartar loo&s;ens the Belly, al&s;o the tincture or Tartar, which upon this account is commended by <HI>Hartman</HI> for co&s;tivene&s;s; whence the&s;e things are al&s;o put into Cly&s;ters: likewi&s;e &s;ome <HI>acidulae,</HI> as crude Tartar, its cream and cry&s;tals, which ex|cellently mollifie and clean&s;e: al&s;o &s;omethings of a <HI>middle.</HI> Nature, as common Salt; likewi&s;e in parti|cular nitrous things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. 131.</NOTE> whence crude Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> often notably loo&s;ens the Belly: hither belong nitrous plants, as Sugar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="4">IV. Tho&s;e things perform it <HI>per &s;e</HI> or of them|&s;elves, which &s;olicite Nature, though more gent|ly, to expul&s;ion; which indeed &s;ome of the Sa|line Remedies already mentioned do: but tho&s;e do chiefly come under this rank, that have a Sa|lino &s;ulphureous Acrimony, as not only Aloes in chief,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but even all other purgers properly &s;o called, being given in a le&s;&s;er do&s;e, are Lenitives.</P>
<P N="5">V. And the&s;e are convenient in any Di&s;ea&s;e: yet it is not nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e them in every Di&s;ea&s;e, and that in the fir&s;t place, and before any thing el&s;e: but they may be u&s;ed in every Di&s;ea&s;e, for in any one it is good to have the Belly open.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. And there may be given with meat, both the alimentous, and al&s;o tho&s;e that have no &s;uch great vertue to di&s;turb the Humours and Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but are kindly and Bal&s;amick.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The&s;e help Purgers them&s;elves, &s;o that o|ther things may fitly be boiled with prunes and Rai&s;ins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Lenitives indeed evacuate the ordure and fir&s;t ways; but the Humours in the fir&s;t ways do not only indicate Lenitives, but their re&s;tagnation and &s;tuffing do altogether require al&s;o the &s;trong|er Purgers and &s;uch as are properly &s;o called.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. Sometimes lubricaters and emollients are more convenient; other whiles the gently clean|&s;ing and &s;timulating: <HI>Tho&s;e</HI> namely are better, where the Stomach is in good order, and there is drine&s;s in the Guts; <HI>The&s;e</HI> when the Natural <HI>Stimulus</HI> and expul&s;ion of Nature is wanting: with <HI>tho&s;e</HI> the Sto|mach is not to be overcharged, for &s;o its tone is ea|&s;ily hurt.</P>
<P N="10">X. Among&s;t Lenitives <HI>Night dew</HI> is to be num|bred, which falls in the &s;ummer time (neare&s;t the Spring and Fall) upon any thing of a &s;ofter Nature, whether eatable or drinkable, medicinal or not: It is of that Nature as very well to loo&s;en the Bel|ly, as both experience te&s;tifies and authority con|firms. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> who expo&s;es purging potions to the open air (1. <HI>de m. m. n.</HI> 123. and often <HI>l. de nat mul. t.</HI> 49. and <HI>l. de int. aff.</HI> 21. and 38. and 3. <HI>de morbis</HI>) &s;ayes very expre&s;ly, <HI>You &s;hall give all things to a man in a Fever, expo&s;ed to the air without doors for a night,</HI> except &s;uch who&s;e Belly is too loo&s;e. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> con&s;ents, who <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 29. orders the eating of a Gudgeon that has in the night been laid without doors, to make the Belly &s;oluble. <HI>Archigenes</HI> in <HI>Ga|len</HI> (9. K. T. c. 66.) approved of preparations of Medicines abroad in the air. <HI>Oriba&s;ius coll.</HI> 8. of|ten when he propounds any thing &s;olutive, orders it fir&s;t to be expo&s;ed without doors.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. Chirurg. Trim. p. 13.</NOTE> Many com|mend the water di&s;tilled from collected dew, to pro|voke to &s;tool: to wit becau&s;e dew &s;eems to be very deter&s;ive and extenuative, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. A certain Melancholick per&s;on was very co&s;tive, &s;o that &s;ometimes he went not to &s;tool in &s;ix or &s;even days; which inconvenience was Reme|died by taking two hours before &s;upper boil'd prunes with their decoction, to which was added half a gla&s;s of very watri&s;h Wine, one half where|of he took before the prunes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Cent. 3. Ob&s;. 6.</NOTE> and the other half after: by this means his Belly was very well loo&s;+ened, and far more effectually than it u&s;es to be by prunes alone.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Ligatures.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They are rather hurtful than profitable in &s;tanching of Blood <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The way of u&s;ing them according to <HI>Hippocrates. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They act not by attraction. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. MO&s;t u&s;e Ligatures in the cure of an hemor|rhagie, &s;pitting of Blood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But they are not well approved of though propo&s;ed by <HI>Galen</HI> (5. <HI>meth.</HI> 6.) for a&s;&s;oon as the Ligature is loo&s;ed, the Head is filled, or any other part wherein the He|morrhagie is. For the Blood that was retained beyond the Ligature, as &s;oon as the band is loo&s;ed, becoming unbridled &s;lides into the weak part. Therefore <HI>Oriba&s;ius, A&euml;tius</HI> and <HI>Avicen</HI> u&s;e Ligatures to procure &s;leep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Saxon. Prae|lect. pract. p. 4. c. 24.</NOTE> for no other rea&s;on than becau&s;e the head is filled upon loo&s;ing the Ligature.</P>
<P N="2">II. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (2. <HI>de morbis mul.</HI>) commands to lay unwa&s;h'd wool as a Bol&s;ter under Ligatures that are made for revul&s;ion; that the Ligature may indeed bind &s;traitly, but the pain from the con&s;triction may be prevented. For we u&s;e Ligatures with a dou|ble intent, 1. That by the pain which they cau&s;e, either the benumbed or drou&s;ie faculty may be ex|cited, or that revul&s;ion may be made from the af|fected to the tyed part. But &s;ometimes we u&s;e them to &s;top a flux of Blood, and then we mu&s;t &s;ee that the band be fa&s;t, for &s;o the flux is &s;topped; but pain is to be avoided as much as may be, where|by the Patients that are debilitated by the flux of Blood, might be hurt. For this end therefore he lays &s;oft wool under the Ligatures, which is a pro|fitable artifice of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> which none that I know of has hitherto made u&s;e of.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in v. 32. loc. cit.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3"><PB N="760" REF="344">III. It is manife&s;t that painful Ligatures attract, becau&s;e the part that is intercepted by the Liga|ture &s;wells, &s;o that it is even inflamed by the plen+ty of the Blood that ru&s;hes towards it, and unle&s;s it be loo&s;ed, a gangrene may come upon it. 2. It is demon&s;trated by the Ligature that is in order to Blood-letting: If the neck be tyed with a fillet, the veins of the Head &s;well; for the pain of the Ligature is believed to draw to the Head. The manner of attraction is a&s;cribed to pain, heat and <HI>fuga vacui</HI> (or the avoiding vacuity) To pain in|deed, as it depends upon its cau&s;es, an hot <HI>intempe|ries</HI> and a &s;olution of continuity &s;pringing thence; this debilitates the part and makes it unable to re|pell the Humours from it, whence the tyed part &s;wells. But there is a far other rea&s;on of this &s;welling; Ligatures upon the Arms &s;top the moti|on of the Blood that is flowing out at the No&s;e, not becau&s;e they attract upon the &s;core of pain or heat, but becau&s;e they retard the Blood, that is re|ceived from the Arteries and is a returning to the heart by the Veins, from pa&s;&s;ing &s;o &s;peedily to the right ventricle. On this foundation the vertue of Ligatures re&s;ts; whil&s;t they are made upon a &s;ound part, they hinder the Blood from flowing back by the Veins to the affected part in any plenty,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. Meth. Med. p. 442.</NOTE> &amp; &s;o the affected part is freed from the in|flux.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Narcoticks.</HEAD>
<P>(See <HI>Hypnoticks</HI> before.)</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Nephriticks, <HI>Cy&s;ticks, or Medicines for the Stone.</HI> (See Book 3. <HI>Calculus Renum,</HI> or the Stone in the Kidneys, and Book 15. <HI>Renum affectus,</HI> or Di&s;ea&s;es of the Kidneys.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the re&s;olution of the <HI>Coagulum</HI> it &s;elf; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Saline Acrimony and irritation of the <HI>genus mem|brano&s;um; II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the opening of the ways. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nephriticks and Cy&s;ticks are the &s;ame. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nephriticks are not to be confounded. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;olvers hurt when a Saline Acrimony offends. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Reins rejoice in moi&s;ture, but not exce&s;&s;ive. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where Topicks are to be applied. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Refrigerating ointments &s;carce cool becau&s;e of the oyl. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot di&s;&s;olvers of the Stone many times do hurt. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. IT being pre&s;uppo&s;ed 1. that the Material cau&s;e of the Stone is a dry concretion, that in a Natural &s;tate is voided with the Urine, or a Tarta|reous Salt, con&s;i&s;ting of an earthy and Saline mat|ter, although a vi&s;cous Humour may al&s;o concur; 2. That the Blood of calculous per&s;ons (add of Gouty and Hypochondriacal) abounds with &s;uch Saline and Tartareous Coagulables; we &s;ay that Nephritick Medicines are both &s;uch as <HI>re&s;olve,</HI> and &s;uch as <HI>mitigate,</HI> and &s;uch as drive forward; and &s;o they re&s;pect 1. <HI>the re&s;olution of the</HI> coagulum <HI>it &s;elf,</HI> or the &s;limine&s;s or <HI>muddine&s;s of the Blood</HI> tending now out of the Ve&s;&s;els, &s;eparated in the Kidneys and Bladder but not expelled, whether it offend by its plenty, or Nature her &s;elf fail in her expul&s;ion, and the earthy parts by the acce&s;s of the &s;aline fixed &amp; volatile turn into a <HI>coagulum,</HI> &s;uch as are 1. <HI>Ab&s;tergers,</HI> both watry and diluting, that afford a more plenti|ful <HI>Serum</HI> for the draining out of tho&s;e excrements, and are good again&s;t gravel when there is a plenti|ful &s;ediment in the Urine and the &s;tone is a breed|ing. 2. <HI>Sulphureous Re&s;olvers,</HI> that more intimately hin|der coagulation, and hinder the matter from &s;top|ping there, whether they be more <HI>temperate,</HI> oily, obtunding and taking away Acrimony, of <HI>Sperma ceti</HI> and other Aperients, that are good in any ob&s;tructi|ons, &s;toppage of Urine, &s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or more <HI>active,</HI> fu&s;ing the Blood as it were, and precipitating and liquating the <HI>Serum</HI> into the Kidneys, &s;uch as are chiefly Remedies of Turpentine which give the Urine a Violet &s;mell, which is a notable te&s;timony that their vertue reaches hither, the oyl of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. <HI>Saline Re&s;olvers,</HI> whether <HI>Acid,</HI> inciding and deter|ging, as <HI>Acidum Tartari,</HI> acid mineral Spirits, e&s;peci|ally Spirit of Salt, or <HI>&s;oaty,</HI> and earthy alkali's, &amp; ob|&s;orbing Lyes, which are of avail either through their Salt which they keep retir'd, or from their no|table vertue of ab&s;orbing &s;aline Humours, as Crabs|eyes, the Salts of plants, the tincture of Tartar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whence belong hither mo&s;t of the more gene|rous Aperient Diureticks, and Lithontripticks. From hence it appears why Acid and Lixivious Me|dicines al&s;o are good in the &s;tone, namely both of them re&s;olve, correct glutino&s;ity, and de&s;troy a preternatural <HI>coagulum;</HI> likewi&s;e other things that take away <HI>grume&s;cence</HI> or clodding, and re&s;olve <HI>coa|gulation,</HI> which al&s;o are good when clods of Blood &s;top about the Bladder.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. they re&s;pect the <HI>&s;aline acrimony</HI> and <HI>irri|tation of the</HI> genus Membrano&s;um, and are tempera|ting, moi&s;tening, cooling, ab&s;orbing, whether the parenchyma and Membranous and Nervous pa&s;&s;ages be hurt by an acrimonious cau&s;tick Salt, as it is common upon taking <HI>Cantharides,</HI> to have all the harm accrew to the Kidneys and Bladder alone, or from the weight and &s;harp corners of the coagula|ted Stone: Such are 1. tho&s;e things that are com|mon as it were to both, <HI>temperate and demulcing aqueous Remedies,</HI> not Saline, Sweet and Mucilaginous, as Gum Tragacanth, Gum Arabick, the pulp of Cher|ries and Ca&s;&s;ia, Rai&s;ins, Sebe&s;tens, Con&s;erve of the flowers of Mallows commended by <HI>Amatus Fernelius</HI>'s Syrup of Mar&s;h-Mallows, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. Things al&s;o that are partly oily and watry, as &s;weet Milk, Emul&s;ions of the cold Seeds, Which as they ea&s;e the Symp|toms that are cau&s;ed by <HI>Cantharides,</HI> &s;o they do in a &s;pecial manner demulce and ea&s;e the ways that are torn by over &s;tretching as it were, and by ac|cident they cure nocturnal pollution, help the Strangury that &s;prings from a &s;erous acrimony. 3. <HI>Precipitants,</HI> whether they be withal <HI>Styptick,</HI> as in pi&s;&s;ing of Blood and other laxities; or <HI>Nervine,</HI> as Cinnabarines, the more temperate &s;pecifick pow|ders; &s;o al&s;o &s;teel Remedies belong hither: hence <HI>Heurnius</HI> upon <HI>Hippocrates's aphor.</HI> 6. 6. where when he had &s;aid that the pains, and Di&s;ea&s;es of the Reins and Bladder-in general are hard to cure, he com|mends experimentally in an Ulcer of the Kidneys the juice of &s;teel, that is &s;teel Wine, made of the filings of &s;teel macerated in &s;weet and &s;trong Wine. 4. <HI>Acids</HI> correct a <HI>bilious Acrimony,</HI> if it be pre&s;ent, as red Liver-wort; whence according to <HI>Hippocrates (lib. de locis) Acids both cau&s;e the Strangury and help it:</HI> And the&s;e, as we have already intimated, are good for Bloody Urine, <HI>diabetes,</HI> nocturnal pollution, heat of Urine, yea in the &s;tone it &s;elf; and we mu&s;t al&s;o have great regard to the pains, which are as it were the tyrants of indication. 5. Hither belong even <HI>Opiats</HI> al&s;o, which being mixed with re&s;olvers are very u&s;eful in the Stone, not indeed as if they re&s;olved primarily, or as if they cleared the wayes, but becau&s;e they give re&s;t to Nature.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="761" REF="344">III. Or 3. They re&s;pect the <HI>&s;topping</HI> and <HI>clearing</HI> of the <HI>ways,</HI> not &s;o much by driving forward as loo&s;ning, that way and leave may be given to the departure of the unwelcom Gue&s;t, &s;uch as are in|ternal and external <HI>emollients</HI> and <HI>paregoricks,</HI> lubrica|ters and moi&s;teners, e&s;pecially oily things, chiefly Oil of &s;weet Almonds, likewi&s;e Chamomel, the Decoction whereof re&s;olves withal, whence the Flowers thereof in Pottage give pre&s;ent ea&s;e in the <HI>Cardialgia</HI> or Pain at the Stomach, the Colick, Stone; al&s;o fat Broths; for they give by &s;o much the pre|&s;enter Ea&s;e, by how much they re&s;olve the more withal; thus the Oil of &s;weet Almonds with the juice of Lemons is a Secret with &s;ome. Hither be|longs that place of <HI>Walaeus, (m. m. p.</HI> 4.) In Pains of the Stone, &s;ays he, whether you Purge or Bleed, you do nothing; but if Turpentine be given with Manna and the Oil of &s;weet Almonds, the Bu&s;ine&s;s is done. So externally al&s;o mollifying and re&s;olving bags are profitable, (not omitting di&s;tilled things that have a penetrating vertue) likewi&s;e Ointments, Pulte&s;&s;es, Cly&s;ters, Baths.</P>
<P N="4">IV. But tho&s;e are over-nice and multiply Entities without nece&s;&s;ity, who treat of Nephriticks and Cy&s;ticks &s;everally, for there are the &s;ame cau&s;es of the Stone both in the Kidneys and Bladder, there|fore the Remedies will al&s;o be the &s;ame. Note therefore that while we alter the Reins, and apply Remedies to them, the Bladder is always to be re&s;pected at the &s;ame time, and on the contrary, le&s;t while we would benefit the one, we hurt the other, which is to be ob&s;erved chiefly in active Alteratives; for they may be al&s;o affected &s;eve|rally, as the Bladder with a <HI>Scabies,</HI> and the Reins with Ulcers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. Nephriticks are not to be confounded; we mu&s;t not drive forward where we would re&s;olve, or mitigate; nor mu&s;t we mitigate where we would re&s;olve. Both Empiricks and the Patients them&s;elves erre often in this, when they endea|vour to drive out the Enemy <HI>(&s;imul &amp; &s;emel)</HI> all at once as it were by &s;tronger expellers; by which prepo&s;terous purpo&s;e, when, for in&s;tance, they give Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Oil of Juniper, Turpen|tine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> alone, they have for their Pains a bloody Urine or Ifchury. But expellers have then chiefly no place, when the Stone &s;ticks in tho&s;e parts out of which it cannot be expelled without hurt, as when it fixes in the Ureters: whence it is better to u&s;e Re&s;olvers, yea Mitigaters withal, where|by Nature being &s;trengthened attempts the Ex|pul&s;ion of the trouble&s;om matter, and drives it forth.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Note that when a Saline acrimony bears &s;way, all Re&s;olvents are in vain as it were, whence all acid and acrimonious things are to be avoided, yea Wine it &s;elf: So provokers of Urine are not good in the pain of the Stone in the Kidneys, or when they are ulcered, or in pi&s;&s;ing of Blood, or the <HI>Diabetes;</HI> for in the&s;e ca&s;es only mitigaters, temperaters and &s;trengtheners are better; not omitting yet in Ulcers mild Ab&s;tergers and the more temperate Terebinthinates, for in&s;tance, tho&s;e that are reduced to drine&s;s.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Yea the Kidneys rejoice in moi&s;ture, but not exce&s;&s;ive; hence al&s;o all hotter things are to be &s;hunned, which being apt to con&s;ume the more &s;erous Parts and leave the thicker, do make the &s;limy &s;ub&s;tance more compact, &s;o that a Stone is the more ea&s;ily bred: moreover they are not to be loaded with too much drink, or a great deal of over-moi&s;t things, for when they fail in their office,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel.</NOTE> a Drop&s;ie is apt to ari&s;e. &para; Let the Patient never &s;it in a very hot Bath, nor &s;tay in it above half an hour; for through an errour here, the Kidneys ea&s;ily inflame and Gangrene,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wepfer. con|fil. m&s;. de Nephrit.</NOTE> which a|bout a year ago happen'd to a Per&s;on of condition at <HI>Lucern.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Topicks for the Kidneys are applied to the Loins, tho&s;e for the Bladder, to the <HI>Pubes</HI> and Navel; tho&s;e for the Ureters, to the &s;ides of the <HI>hypoga&s;trium:</HI> Chiefly in &s;timulating of the Urine we have ob&s;erved that di&s;tilled Oils are profitably applied to the Navel, becau&s;e of the con&s;ent through the Umbilical Ve&s;&s;els.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel&punc;</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. But heating Topicks are more u&s;ed than cooling, &s;uch namely as have place (for in&s;tance) in the <HI>Diabetes</HI> of Plantain and other things. For this Paradox is greatly to be noted, that we mu&s;t never tru&s;t to cooling Ointments, to wit, to &s;uch as (for in&s;tance) are u&s;ed for nocturnal pollution, of <HI>Galen</HI>'s refrigerating Ointment, <HI>Me&s;ue</HI>'s Ointment of Ro&s;es, the Oil of Henbane,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 112.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for Oils are hot in their own nature, and loo&s;en more than they bind.</P>
<P N="10">X. Out of the Fit of the Stone the accretion of the Tartar is to be prevented, and the increa&s;e of the Stones: which is not done by the hotter Lithontripticks, be they never &s;o much commen|ded; yea the production of Stones is promoted by the&s;e Medicins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wep&s;er. loc. cit.</NOTE> and I have known the Di&s;ea&s;e made incurable by them.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Ophthalmicks,</HI> or Remedies for the Eyes. (See <HI>Oculorum affectus,</HI> or the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eyes in general, <HI>Book XIV.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They either re&s;pect the Eye it &s;elf; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the impure Humours; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the defect of the Humours; <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Spirits and Nerves. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Suppuratives are hurtful in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eyes. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Opiats are to be u&s;ed warily. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They endure mucilaginous things, but not clammy. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. OPhthalmicks, as to the manner of operation, re&s;pect either 1. The <HI>Eye</HI> it &s;elf, whether as to the <HI>tunica adnata</HI> inflamed, as in an Ophthalmie; or as to the <HI>cornea,</HI> not letting in the vi&s;ible Species, dusky, ulcered, wounded; &s;uch as are both <HI>Re|pellents</HI> and <HI>Ab&s;tergers,</HI> whether &s;omewhat <HI>acrimonious,</HI> as fat things, of which the principal is the fat of Vipers, Rue, white Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or <HI>watry,</HI> as di|&s;tilled waters; or <HI>earthy,</HI> as Perles prepared, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which be&s;ides that they are good in an Ophthalmy or Inflammation of the Eye, as waters are, profit al&s;o in Pu&s;tules, Excre&s;cences,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G.W. Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 84.</NOTE> and in things that grow to the <HI>tunica cornea,</HI> in Haws, Ulcers and mo&s;t other Di&s;tempers that occur to the Eye.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. They re&s;pect the impure <HI>Humours, vapours,</HI> and <HI>halitus,</HI> both inwardly and outwardly, &s;uch as are di&s;cu&s;&s;ers, whether <HI>Internal,</HI> mo&s;t of which are Cephalicks, or <HI>External;</HI> whether the Di&s;temper have ari&s;en principally from an internal cau&s;e, &s;uch as are good in a &s;uffu&s;ion and weakne&s;s of Sight, and procure a due con&s;i&s;tence to the Humours; or from an external, as from chafing or a &s;troak.</P>
<P N="3">III. Or 3. They re&s;tore the <HI>failing</HI> Spirits; &s;o <HI>Burrhus</HI> has cryed up Celandine-water, <HI>Heer</HI> the juice of Elm-bladders pre&s;ently dropt into the woun|ded Eye. The&s;e are good moreover on this ac|count in Scars, Haws, Ulcers, &s;traitne&s;s of the <HI>Pupilla,</HI> Poreblindne&s;s, Mopeyedne&s;s, depravation of Sight.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Or la&s;tly, They re&s;pect the <HI>Spirits</HI> and <HI>Nerves,</HI> both &s;uch as open and unlock the&s;e, and al&s;o &s;uch as comfort and re&s;tore them, internal and external, which are of u&s;e in the <HI>gutta &s;erena,</HI> weakne&s;s of Sight from brui&s;es, &s;troaks and internal fault, the Pal&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the&s;e &s;carce differ from Cephalicks
<PB N="762" REF="345"> e&s;pecially tho&s;e of thinner Parts: and <HI>Severinus</HI> com|mends volatils them&s;elves, as the volatil Salt of Vipers, in that ca&s;e outwardly. The re&s;t, as A&s;trin|gents, Traumaticks, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are common, as al&s;o revul|&s;ory, as bli&s;terers.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Suppuraters</HI> are to be avoided by any means, whence neither are Emollients indifferently conve|nient: I have &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">en a great Inflammation of the Eyes turn to Suppu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ation even of it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iats</HI> are to be u&s;ed warily, not becau&s;e they take away the &s;en&s;e of the Part, but for their acrimony, and becau&s;e they put the Spirits to flight.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The Eyes delight in <HI>mucilaginous</HI> things, but not &s;o in clammy; becau&s;e the&s;e &s;tir up Pain, but tho&s;e being conformable in their temperament,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 85.</NOTE> de|mulce, defend, alter.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Preparers</HI> of the Humours. (See <HI>Aperients</HI> and <HI>Alteratives.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether they be always nece&s;&s;ary before Purging, and what kind of Preparation is requi&s;ite. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Nature is oppre&s;&s;ed by Humours offending both in quan|tity and quality, how to be made. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>As the Crudity of the Humours depends on their di&s;gregation, &s;o their Concoction is to be expected from Temperature and &V;nion. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Things that are <HI>thick</HI> from <HI>adu&s;tion</HI> are otherwi&s;e to be prepa|red than tho&s;e that are thick from crudity. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Preparation</HI> may and ought to be made by <HI>outward Appli|cations. V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether and what Humours are to be altered. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be given at any time. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>thick</HI> Humours are to be prepared. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>thin</HI> need Preparation. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Alteratives ought to be as &s;trong as the quality to be altered. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let alterations be made by degrees. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let there be an Analogy between the alterative and thing to be altered. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concoction is not to be interrupted by the giving of loo&s;eners. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the <HI>bilious Humour</HI> be always to be prepared by cold things. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e and hurt of <HI>Apozems. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Barley water is not to be put in Apozems. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Laxatives are hurtful. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Before Purging let the Body be made &s;oluble rather by a Cly&s;ter than Syrups. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>With the&s;e, Strengthners are to be admini&s;tred. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Infu&s;ions</HI> are better than Decoctions. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All <HI>di&s;tilled Waters</HI> are naught for the Stomach. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Chymrical</HI> Openers are to be preferred before Galenick. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Aliments that one is u&s;ed to, will not &s;upply the place of Me|dicins. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the <HI>Spirit and Oil of Vitriol</HI> be good in Fevers. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Medicins of <HI>Tartar</HI> are not univer&s;al Dige&s;tives. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the <HI>cry&s;tals</HI> of Tartar, and when the <HI>cream</HI> to be given. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The deceit in making of the Cry&s;tals. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is often more vertue in crude Tartar than in its Cream. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of the <HI>Salt of Tartar. XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of <HI>Ta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tar vitriolate. XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom that and other Preparations of Tartar are hurtful. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence the efficacy of volatil Salts depends. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They very well prepare tough <HI>Phlegm. XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The glutinou&s;ne&s;s of choler is excellently corrected by their means. <HI>XXXIII. and XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy and correction of the <HI>Salt</HI> or <HI>Vitriol of Steel. XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Steel</HI> is diver&s;ly to be prepared according to the nature of the ob&s;tructing Humour. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to draw out of it its &s;everal vertues, of binding, opening, purging and vomiting. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the action of Chalybeates is to be promoted. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Purgers may be given with them. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Cordials. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in the u&s;e of <HI>Chalybeates. XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Nitre cools. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Oxymels</HI> and <HI>Hydromels</HI> are better than Syrups. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Dryed herbs have other vertues than green. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the correcting of <HI>Phlegm</HI> Sugar and Medicines prepared with Sugar do hurt. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An hurtful abu&s;e of <HI>Wormwood. XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When to be u&s;ed for the concoction of the Humours, and the &s;treng|thening of the Stomach. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some Preparers are univer&s;al, others particular. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Choler</HI> is to be prepared. <HI>XLVIII.</HI> and <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correcting of Salt Phlegm and <HI>Serum. XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a <HI>melancholick cacochymie</HI> is to be corrected. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>atrabilary</HI> Humours. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Correction of acrimonious Humours is various according to their difference. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed le&s;t in altering one Humour, the re&s;t be injured thereby. <HI>LIII</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to bridle the too great <HI>efferve&s;cence</HI> in the &s;mall guts and heart. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Pancreatick</HI> Humour is to be prepared before evacuation. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to correct the too great fluidity, or the over thick con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe more Ancient Phy&s;icians, to whom many of the Moderns al&s;o a&s;&s;ent, as they believed an elective Purgation, &s;o they ordered <HI>a Preparation of the Humours</HI> previous and as it were nece&s;&s;ary to it: on which account in Books of Practice, as often as a Cathartick Medicine is pre&s;cribed, a long &s;eries of Preparers de&s;tin'd for every particular Hu|mour, is propo&s;ed in a &s;olemn manner and with a certain pomp as it were: who&s;e u&s;e although it be very &s;pecious, &s;eems not at all profitable; becau&s;e &s;uch Humours are not truly in being, as we have otherwhere clearly &s;hewn. Notwith&s;tanding &s;eeing Purging is not convenient at all times, nor in every condition of the Body, to perform it right, both a fit time and &s;ome &s;ort of preparation is requi&s;ite: and both the&s;e re&s;pect as well the fir&s;t ways, as the ma&s;s of Blood. <HI>As to the former,</HI> if at any time the Stomach be either bu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">thened with a load of vi&s;cous Phlegm, or be troubled with the e&s;tuation of tur|gid bile, Purging is often undertaken to none or ill purpo&s;e, unle&s;s the&s;e contents be either fir&s;t &s;wept out by giving a Vomit, or their burthening and efferve&s;cence be corrected by Dige&s;tives. <HI>And as to the latter,</HI> viz. <HI>the Blood,</HI> Purging is often un&s;ea|&s;onable, and &s;ometimes al&s;o incongruous, and in neither of the&s;e ca&s;es are tho&s;e which are common|ly called Preparers, but only Alteratives, conve|nient; becau&s;e tho&s;e imaginary Humours are not to be di&s;po&s;ed towards evacuation, but the Blood it &s;elf ought to be reduced either from a troubled and confu&s;ed to a &s;edate &s;tate, or from a weakne&s;s or dy&s;cra&s;ie to a vigour and equable temperament. When the Blood e&s;tuating fro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> a Fever is di&s;tur|bed in its mixture, Purging is always found hurt|ful, and therefore it is condemned by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and the Ancients: and no le&s;s when its ma&s;s being languid and weak, ri&s;es not to a due Fermentation. Moreover when the Blood is beyond mea&s;ure chole|rick, or watry, or is too much inclined to coagu|lations or fu&s;ions, Purgers are for the mo&s;t part &s;o far from removing &s;uch faults or depravation, that they oftener increa&s;e them. So that in the&s;e ca&s;es altering Remedies are rather indicated, tho&s;e name|ly that may de&s;troy the undue &s;eparations, or com|binations of the Salts, Sulphur and <HI>Serum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and take away their o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">her enormities.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="763" REF="345">II. Sometimes Nature is over-whelmed and choa|ked by the plenty of Humours; &s;ometimes &s;he is only pricked and irritated by their quality; or both of the&s;e happens, <HI>viz.</HI> that both the plenty of Humours, and al&s;o their hurtful quality oppre&s;&s;es Nature. Thus if together with a very great fe|brile efferve&s;cence the Patient feel wandring Pains in divers Parts, and al&s;o &s;uffer divers changes of heat in his Face and other parts, &s;o that one while &s;ome part of his face look red, and anon pale, and la&s;tly be very re&s;tle&s;s, and ill at ea&s;e, which de|pends on the &s;erous Humour irritated with a febrile Ferment; be&s;ides Bleeding and Purging, the cure mu&s;t be begun with &s;pecifick antifebriles, and temperate Antiarthriticks, Diaphoreticks and Diu|reticks, which may, like Nature, precipitate the matter that infe&s;ts by its quality: And at length when the Symptoms are allayed, the occa&s;ional cau&s;e is to be eradicated by Purging,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. m. m. l. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> and a relap&s;e to be prevented.</P>
<P N="3">III. Every alteration makes not the Humours crude, but only that, (if we con&s;ult <HI>Hippocrates</HI>) which is apt to cau&s;e a di&s;gregation in them: for di&s;gregation alone is thought to be the immediate cau&s;e of the Humours becoming crude. For where|as they may offend three manner of ways (as <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> teacheth, <HI>l. de N. b. v.</HI> 60.) in Quantity, in Quality, and becau&s;e they are di&s;gregated from one another; neither a fault in quantity alone, nor a &s;imple alteration as to quality are apt of them&s;elves to breed crudity, for neither of them is corrected by concoction: for if the Humours exceed, or come &s;hort in quantity, we mu&s;t only remedy it by evacuation, or repletion; for the Di&s;ea&s;es that re|pletion cau&s;es, emptying cures, and on the contra|ry, according to <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> So neither does their fault as to quality make them crude, becau&s;e, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays <HI>(l. de v. Med.) All the&s;e are thus cured, that tho&s;e who are affected with coldne&s;s be heated, and tho&s;e that are affected with heat be cooled; and the&s;e things are &s;oon obtained, for there is no need of concoction.</HI> Seeing therefore neither a fault in the quantity, nor the quality can of it &s;elf introduce crudity upon the Humours, it is nece&s;&s;ary to affirm that the Humours contract crudity only becau&s;e they are di&s;gregated or &s;ever'd from one another. Wherefore, becau&s;e Concoction is oppo&s;ed to crudity, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> de&s;cri|bing Concoction hath affirmed <HI>(l. cit. de vet. Med.)</HI> that it is wrought by a mutual permixtion and tempe|rature, as it were by boiling. Now by Di&s;gre|gation of the Hamours we under&s;tand, not an ex|act &s;eparation of one from another, &s;o that they occupy divers places, but a di&s;&s;olution of that mix|ture by means whereof they are corrected and contemperated to one another, and when it is di&s;&s;olved, every one acts according to its proper vertues and qualities. By the means therefore of this di&s;gregation is a Crudity introduced upon the Humours, which while they are reduced to their former Union and Concord, are &s;aid to be conco|cted. From which we may collect that not all Di|&s;ea&s;es, that depend on the abundance or alteration of the Humours, &s;hew &s;igns of crudity or conco|ction, but only tho&s;e wherein is the afore&s;aid Di&s;|gregation: And this, <HI>Hippocrates (l. de vet. Med.)</HI> would intimate to us, whil&s;t reckoning up the Di|&s;ea&s;es that are cured by concoction, he only enume|rates Fevers, Tubercles or Tumours, and De&s;tilla|tions: for the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es do nece&s;&s;arily pre&s;uppo&s;e a Di&s;gregation of Humours. Therefore Concoction is in vain to be expected in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es wherein, &s;eeing the Humours were never crude, they are in like manner unconcoctible; and far le&s;s in the Hu|mours of the healthful, whom we intend to Purge for prevention: for in the&s;e, only the width of the ways is attended to; which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> meant <HI>(in Aph.)</HI> When Bodies are to be Purged, they mu&s;t be made fluid. Reducing which Precept to Practice, he u&s;es before Purging, both drinking more largely and bathing, or fomenting all the Body over; this latter chiefly before he would Purge downward,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in Aph. 22. 1.</NOTE> and the former, when he would Vomit. &para; Whereas there may be many cau&s;es of Di&s;gregation, I find them all reduced to three heads in the Doctrine of <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> 1. When any Humor is &s;o much increa&s;ed in the Body, that it far exceeds the re&s;t in plenty; 2. The &s;econd cau&s;e is motion, or perturbation and agi|tation; 3. A notable alteration as to the fir&s;t qua|lities chiefly. Now that the Humours may be di&s;|gregated through the exce&s;s of one of them as to quantity, is con&s;onant to rea&s;on, &s;o that it refu|&s;eth to be a&s;&s;ociated and contemperated to the re&s;t, as excelling of them. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;hews us this cau&s;e of di&s;gregation <HI>l. de in&s;omn. v.</HI> 31. <HI>For by &s;ome repletion,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>made within, there happens a certain &s;ecretion that di&s;|turbs the Soul:</HI> where by <HI>&s;ecretion</HI> he under&s;tands not any evacuation, but the afore&s;aid di&s;gregation. But concerning the cau&s;es thereof we mu&s;t note; that the&s;e &s;ometimes cau&s;e a Di&s;ea&s;e of them|&s;elves and primarily without di&s;gregation, &s;ome|times by its means, otherwi&s;e there would on|ly be one cau&s;e of Di&s;ea&s;es. The fir&s;t cau&s;e therefore is the exce&s;s of any Humour in quan|tity. And that the Humours are di&s;gregated through <HI>motion</HI> (which is the &s;econd cau&s;e) <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> teacheth (4. <HI>de morb.</HI>) by the example of Milk; by the agitation whereof the Butter, Whey and Chee&s;e are &s;eparated. And la&s;tly, that an <HI>alteration</HI> as to <HI>qualities</HI> makes the &s;ame di&s;gregation, is &s;hewn al&s;o by the example of Milk, which is conglobated (or curdled) upon pouring Liquor into it, not by coldne&s;s alone, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> would, but by any great alteration that may proceed to corruption of &s;ub&s;tance: thus Milk is curdled with exce&s;s of heat, without Runnet. When therefore the Hu|mours are &s;o altered as to their proper qualities, that the alteration tends to the de&s;truction of the &s;ub&s;tance (this is &s;aid to difference it from &s;imple alteration, whereby the Humours are not removed from their natural &s;tate) their natural union is di&s;|&s;olved, and they are di&s;gregated from one ano|ther;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. de Nat. hum. v. 272.</NOTE> &s;o that although every one remain in the &s;ame place, yet each is rendred intemperate as to its proper nature.</P>
<P><HI>Franc. de le Boe Sylvius</HI> &s;eeks the cau&s;es of <HI>Crudity and Concoction in a loo&s;er or &s;tricter union of the execremen|titious Humours with the Bloud.</HI> He &s;ays (<HI>Prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 55. &sect;. 16.) Phy&s;icians mean the Crudity and Con|coction of the Humours that con&s;titute the Ma&s;s of Bloud and are mixt with it, when they treat of them in the Examination and Cure of Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;|pecially the acute; and when they &s;o greatly and de&s;ervedly de&s;ire the concoction of the Humours, that the Cure may &s;ucceed according to wi&s;h: for as often as the Bloud is infected and evil affected im|mediately, or by intermediate Humours con|tained in the Body without the Ma&s;s of Blood, <HI>viz.</HI> choler, the Pancreatick juice, <HI>Lympha</HI> and Phlegm, &s;o often the vital efferve&s;cence that is peculiar to it, is altered &amp; vitiated likewi&s;e, and that &s;o, as that pre&s;ently more or le&s;s there is a di&s;tur|bance of that natural and loo&s;e confu&s;ion between the Blood &amp; tho&s;e Humours that flow continually with it to the Heart, whether they be then joined to it more &s;traitly and intimately, or more loo&s;|ly and le&s;s intimately. Now when the other Hu|mours are joyned to the Bloud more intimately and &s;trictly than u&s;ual, then a more watry Urine is made, and &s;uch as has le&s;s tincture and other contents, and this they call <HI>Crude,</HI> that is, a &s;ign of crudity: But after that the Urine by degrees be|comes more tinged and brings more contents with it, it is commended and is called <HI>concocted,</HI> namely &s;ignifying that concoction is more or le&s;s begun or promoted: which comes to pa&s;s as often as the a|bove&s;aid humours, as excrementitious and before too &s;trictly and intimately united to the Blood, are by degrees &s;eparated from it again, and are partly
<PB N="764" REF="346"> expelled together with the Urine; which is good and profitable for a man, as the other was bad and hurtful: for according to Nature and in an healthful State, the Urine has &s;omething at lea&s;t of a Yellowi&s;h tincture: but no content is found in it, unle&s;s &s;ome error be committed in Diet, or a mans con&s;titution decline more or le&s;s from a per|fect State of Health. Now if any one do atten|tively con&s;ider all the Humours in the Body that are to be confounded with the Blood, as al&s;o the proper qualities of each, he will ea&s;ily come over to us, and will grant that their &s;trictier union with the Blood is owing to an <HI>Acid,</HI> and therefore to the Pancreatick juice or <HI>Lympha</HI> ill affected: On the contrary, that their loo&s;er Union with the Blood, and &s;o the loo&s;ning of the &s;tricter, is to be hoped and expected from a <HI>&s;al lixivium</HI> and e&s;pe|cially a Volatil, and &s;o from a bitter, and there|fore from Choler when it is more powerful and has the dominion. Daily experience confirms how true the&s;e things are which I have now &s;aid, &s;eeing it may be known to any who ob&s;erves tho&s;e things which ca&s;t the Healthful into divers Sickne&s;&s;es, and increa&s;e the &s;ame, and on the other hand which re&s;tore lo&s;t health to &s;ick Per&s;ons, that the con|coction in the Blood is hindred by the Vertue of Acids, but &s;uch as are exce&s;&s;ively &s;o: and that the &s;ame is promoted and obtain'd by the help of Aromaticks, and in particular of bitter things, or volatil Salts, but &s;uch as are more temperate. (See <HI>concerning the &s;igns of crudity from &V;rines, loc. cit.</HI> &sect; 14.) The watry Urine, which is a &s;ign of cru|dity, that is, of deficient concoction in the <HI>Humours of the Blood,</HI> as often as it continues and a Spontane|ous concoction by Nature is expected in vain, &s;o often is it to be promoted by Art, and that by Me|dicines that kindly temper all acrimony of the Hu|mours, but chiefly the acid (whence the too inti|mate mixture of the Humours in the ma&s;s of Blood u&s;es to proceed) and &s;uch as will loo&s;e again their over-&s;trict union. The fixed Sulphurs of Minerals and Metals being exalted to their greate&s;t Perfection, do above all other things gently temper all acrimony of the Humours, even the acid al&s;o: Next to the&s;e are volatil oleous Salts, and to the&s;e, Aromaticks, by the vertue of which being prudently u&s;ed, exceeding even imagination in many things, there is not only obtained &s;uch an efferve&s;cence of &s;ubcontrary Hu|mours in the &s;mall Gut and Heart, as is mo&s;t agree|able to Humane Nature, but the preternatural con|cretion and union of the two acrimonious Humours, being fir&s;t moderated by them, is di&s;&s;olved again in the Blood. I declare from Experience that the&s;e things are to be e&s;teemed of great moment in Phy&s;ick. <HI>Idem</HI> &sect; 78. and 79.</P>
<P N="4">IV. <HI>Trallianus (l.</HI> 5. <HI>cap. concerning a Diary Fever from Ob&s;tructions)</HI> does not grant oxymel for preparing the Humours that are thick through adu&s;tion, but that are thick through crudity. For the things that are thick through adu&s;tion, are made thin if you di|lute them with liquids; thus dirt is made thin by mixing it with water, and choler made Vitelline (or like the yelks of Eggs) by a&s;&s;ation, by a cold and moi&s;t Potion becomes thin and liquid: but the things that are thick through crudity, or the admix|ture of a thick Humour, &s;uch as is vitelline choler in a ba&s;tard Tertian, are made thin by heating things, that attenuate the thickne&s;s of the &s;ub&s;tance and incide the clammine&s;s: thus we incide and attenuate vi&s;cid and thick Phlegm by Oxymel and Honey of Ro&s;es.</P>
<P N="5">V. When the whole ma&s;s of Blood offends in quality, we may change it al&s;o with external Alte|ratives:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wal. m. m. p 94.</NOTE> Epithems and wa&s;hings of the hands wit|ne&s;s this.</P>
<P N="6">VI. There are &s;ome Practitioners that always al|ter and never Purge: That we may know whether Alteration ought to be made, we lay down the&s;e Rules: 1. All alimentary Humours ought to be alter'd when they abound: 2. And the excremen|titious Humours (1) which are &s;o mixed with the ma&s;s of Blood, that they cannot be &s;eparated; (2) In burning Fevers, in the greate&s;t heat and motion of the Blood, the vicious Particles are &s;o exactly mixed with the good Blood, that they ad|mit of no &s;eparation: whence it is ab&s;urd to intend to Purge in the augment or &s;tate of the&s;e Fevers: (3) When excrementitious Humours &s;o abound, that they cannot be drawn out without pre&s;ent dan|ger of life. 3. Tho&s;e excrementitious Humours re|fu&s;e alteration that are &s;evered from the ma&s;s of Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. 102.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. Let none trouble him&s;elf in vain with think|ing as many do, (who are moved more by Rea&s;on than Experience) that all Medicines can be taken &s;afely only when the Stomach is empty of Meat, &s;eeing I have found the contrary true in many, e&s;pecially as to Medicins that alter and correct the Humors: For I have ob&s;erved a thou&s;and times that Alteratives, namely the gentle, for &s;uch only I would have Phy&s;icians to u&s;e, have been u&s;ed with greater benefit of the Patient, a little before or after Meals, yea at them, than at other times. Nor is rea&s;on contrary to this experience, for &s;o the vertue of the Medicine does kindly mix and in&s;inuate it &s;elf not only into the <HI>Saliva</HI> in the Stomach, but al&s;o into the Ternary of Humours that flow toge|ther in the &s;mall Gut, yea int<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> all the Blood al&s;o and all the other Humours in the right ventricle of the Heart, and in all the Arteries and Veins: whereby the de&s;ired amendment and correction of one or all of them is the &s;ooner,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. Sylv. Pract. l. 1. c. 34. &sect; 102</NOTE> more ea&s;ily and happily performed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Thick Humours cannot flow, and they are either tough, or &s;limy, or den&s;e: The &s;limine&s;s of the Humours is known from the Urine, when &s;ome white &s;tuff &s;ticks clo&s;ely to the Chamber-Pot. The thickne&s;s of the Humours is corrected by acid and hot things: whence in many Fevers all we give is to no purpo&s;e, unle&s;s we mix hot things therewith: Yea it may chance, that when a Phy&s;ician has not been able to cure a long Tertian, pre&s;cribing to his Patient nothing but tedious cooling Apozems; an old Woman coming bids him take a draught of Wine to comfort him&s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 104.</NOTE> and the Patient is recovered.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Preparation is always nece&s;&s;ary before pur|ging except in two ca&s;es: 1. if the matter be tur|gid; 2. if it be thin, &s;uch as is the cholerick and &s;erous, which ea&s;ily yield to any attracting Reme|dy. But it is que&s;tioned, whether thin Humors be to be prepared, that is, incra&s;&s;ated: for the Hu|mours cannot be evacuated unle&s;s they be concoct|ed, but concoction incra&s;&s;ates, as <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> 4. <HI>met.</HI> teacheth. Concoction, &s;ays <HI>Avicen,</HI> is a certain ad|equation and reduction to mediocrity: if there|fore thin Humours be to be concocted, they are to be reduced to mediocrity, and therefore to be incra&s;&s;ated. Be&s;ides, thin Humours ea&s;ily elude the vertue of the Medicine, which working by com|pre&s;&s;ing the Ve&s;&s;els, thin Humours will be apt to e&s;cape. But on the contrary thinne&s;s of the Humours is requi&s;ite for evacuation; for thin Humours pa&s;s out of their own accord and re&s;i&s;t not attracting Medicines, as <HI>Galen</HI> teacheth, 3. <HI>progn.</HI> 23. and in other places. We mu&s;t &s;ay that to a due purgation three things are required, 1. An effectual Medicine given in a due do&s;e, time and manner. 2. The ways ought to be open, otherwi&s;e there is either no purgation, or &s;uch as is trouble&s;ome. 3. The Hu|mour ought to be di&s;po&s;ed, and it is &s;o if it make no re&s;i&s;tance again&s;t the Medicine, as if it be not tough, thick, clammy, or mixt with the Blood, or other Humours whereby its motion may be hin|dred. Therefore thin Humours are in their own Nature mo&s;t ea&s;ily purged out; but, they are mixt either with the Blood or other Humours; or the ways may be &s;hut and ob&s;tructed: wherefore the&s;e
<PB N="765" REF="346"> are to be opened; and then the Humours to be evacuated are to be &s;eparated from the re&s;t. Now concoction is twofold: one wherein the Humours are reduced to benignity, that they may nouri&s;h; the other wherein they are made apt for expul&s;ion. If we &s;peak of the fir&s;t, we mu&s;t concoct thin Hu|mours that they may return to mediocrity, there|fore they are to be incra&s;&s;ated: If of the &s;econd, thick Humours are rather to be attenuated, becau&s;e they re&s;i&s;t that which would move them, but not the thin, becau&s;e they are ea&s;ily moveable, as <HI>Galen</HI> in the fore-cited place teacheth. But if thin Humours be mixed with the Blood, they ought fir&s;t to be prepared: and whether they be &s;o, is known 1. by the Blood that is let, if much ichor &s;eparate from it; 2. When the&s;e Humours are &s;eparated, there en&s;ue Itchings, Blains and Scabs; 3. If the Urine be ruddy and thick, it is a &s;ign that thin Humours are mixt with the Blood: but if it be plenti|ful,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. <HI>l.</HI> 2. de Feb. c. 9.</NOTE> thin and clear, it is a &s;ign they are &s;eparated and prepared.</P>
<P N="10">X. Whether ought an altering Medicine in one do&s;e be &s;o &s;trong, as the quality that it &s;hould change in the Body? I an&s;wer, if it can reach the part affected, and that without the hurt or prejudice of the adjoyning parts, then it is altogether lawful: &s;o a beginning <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> that has &s;ei&s;ed but upon one part, may be pre&s;ently expelled by a &s;trong cooler, and the heat of the Stomach likewi&s;e: But if it cannot conveniently reach to the part affected without having its vertue weakned, and with|out the hurting al&s;o of the neighbouring parts, we mu&s;t alter by giving the Medicine at &s;everal times.<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Walaeus. m. m. p. 93.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Let Alterations be made lei&s;urely, &s;o as not to begin at the highe&s;t degree, that is, the third: &s;ometimes we alter in the fourth: But let us be|gin at the fir&s;t, and proceed from the fir&s;t to the &s;e|cond; from the &s;econd to the third, if the two fir&s;t will not doe: otherwi&s;e the highe&s;t degree would ea&s;ily become familiar to Nature, and afterwards &s;he would not be helped by weaker things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. 95.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. We cannot alter every thing with every Alterative, for alteration is made by conjunction and perfection: hence if Medicines be to alter 'tis nece&s;&s;ary that they be mixed with the Humours to be altered, if they require to be mixed: they ought to be like to the Humours, not in re&s;pect of qualities, for &s;o they ought to be contrary, but in re&s;pect of the con&s;titution. Therefore let tho&s;e things that are oily in our Bodies, be altered with oleous things; the watry with watry; the Salt with Salt: Nor need we add hot things to hot, if we &s;ay that Salt things are to be added to Salt, for there are Salt things which are cold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> &s;uch as Nitre and Borax.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. During concoction, retentions of the ex|crements are profitable, and evacuations hurtful, as being contrary to concoctions. Wherefore we mu&s;t &s;hun their practice who by continually &s;olici|ting evacuations by Cly&s;ters and other Remedies,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> ult.</NOTE> give no leave for concoction.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. The bilious Humour requires cold prepa|rers: yet the&s;e do &s;o hinder purgation, that we mu&s;t &s;ometimes ab&s;tain from them, e&s;pecially ju&s;t before it is time to purge. On which account e|ven in cholerick and acute Di&s;ea&s;es we mu&s;t &s;eek for an opportunity to give hot Medicines, as the decoction of wild Maj<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ran, Penniroyal, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> We &s;hall therefore u&s;e cold &s;yrups for the Acrimony of the Humours; but things that attenuate and incide when we would only make the Bodies fluid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mere. de prae&s;id. med.</NOTE> to wit ju&s;t before purging.</P>
<P>&para; <HI>Choler,</HI> both the natural excrementitious, and al&s;o the preternatural, and the exce&s;&s;ive Sulphure|ous oleous parts of the Blood, in a word, <HI>a bilious cacochymie,</HI> as it offends by its heat, is dige&s;ted by watry diluters, &s;harpi&s;h, and other temperate things: but if it be too tough, al&s;o by inciders,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de&s;. m. fac. p. 12&punc;</NOTE> and bitter things, as in the Jaundi&s;e; if too thin, by &s;harpi&s;h, and earthy mucilaginous things.</P>
<P>&para; Choler is to be temper'd both on the account of its <HI>Acrimony,</HI> and on the account of its <HI>volatility</HI> in|crea&s;ed. <HI>The Saline lixivial Acrimony of the Choler</HI> is mo&s;t powerfully temper'd by acid and &s;owr things; more gently by oily and &s;pirituous, which yet of|ten it is not &s;afe to u&s;e, &s;eeing they are apt to in+crea&s;e and cheri&s;h the burning of the Bile and Blood, unle&s;s the <HI>oyls</HI> be fir&s;t fixed. Therefore the only &s;afe temperers of the Acrimony of Choler will be <HI>acid</HI> and <HI>&s;owr</HI> things, &s;uch as are among&s;t vulgar Re|medies, Sorrel, Wool-Sorrel; Plantain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> among&s;t Chymical I commend Alum and its Spirit, as al&s;o the Spirits of Vitriol, common Salt, Nitre, Sul|phur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> di&s;tilled Vinegar, as well &s;imple as pre|pared with other things. The <HI>too great volatility</HI> of the Choler may be dimini&s;hed by <HI>fixers,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Boe Append. tract. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. &sect;. 711.</NOTE> and e&s;peci|ally by the even now mentioned acid and &s;owr things, among&s;t which the Spirit of Nitre is perhaps the principal, excelling all other acid Spirits in fix|ing.</P>
<P N="15">XV. We mu&s;t &s;ee that the unplea&s;antne&s;s of A|pozems be not trouble&s;ome to Nature: for it of|ten happens that the Remedy is ungrateful to Na|ture, and does more hurt by &s;poiling the appetite and overturning the Stomach, than good by the impre&s;&s;ion of its vertues: which neither does it be&s;tow intire, &s;eeing through its ungratefulne&s;s it &s;uffers a repul&s;e from Nature, and cannot be brought thither whither it was directed by the vehicle. Therefore the Ancients out of &s;o great a multitude of Remedies, cho&s;e and brought into u&s;e a few that might allure Nature by their &s;weetne&s;s, and by their plea&s;antne&s;s might imprint their vertues more deeply, whil&s;t they &s;hould be received into the more familiar embraces of Nature: for Nature re|fu&s;es unplea&s;ant things, as we may &s;ee in aliments. Moreover they are to be di&s;allowed, when they are prepared be&s;ides the purpo&s;e for opening ob|&s;tructions of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> (to which the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e is not referred, but to the &s;toppage and con&s;tipation of the pores of the Skin) whence there is a reten<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion of fuliginous excrements, which is followed by putrefaction. Add hereto, that where|as they chiefly provoke Urine (for of this vertue are the opening roots, therefore called diuretick, capillary herbs, the cold Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) they are un|&s;ea&s;onably admini&s;tred in the beginning and aug|ment of a Fever (and they are given at no other time now a days) whereas Diureticks &s;hould never be admini&s;tred in the&s;e, but when the matter is con|cocted and the Di&s;ea&s;e in its declination. Be&s;ides, it is ridiculous with &s;o great labour and co&s;t to prepare a Remedy that is unplea&s;ant and of an un|certain effect, when we may with great &s;ecurity and freedom u&s;e with an ea&s;ie boiling and light expences tho&s;e things that have been approved by the Ancients and confirmed by the Moderns. O|mitting tho&s;e therefore let us u&s;e Mead, Oxymel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Oxymel alone is commended as re&s;i&s;ting putre|faction, attenuating thickne&s;s, exterging clammine&s;s, penetrating to the Skin and not encrea&s;ing the Fe|ver; nor will it rake the Guts or cau&s;e coughing, or affect the Nerves, if you le&s;&s;en the Vinegar, and increa&s;e the Honey. In the Melancholick, and in Hy&s;terical women, Mead is to be made u&s;e of; and if it &s;eem to turn to choler,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augere. Ferrer. ca&s;tigat. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ap. 14.</NOTE> make it very dilute of the waters of Endive, Succory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or in&s;tead of Honey, u&s;e Sugar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="16">XVI. Tho&s;e plainly doat that order a great quantity of Herbs, Roots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to be boiled in the water of Barley thoroughly boiled: for a thorough Decoction of Barley is Pti&s;an, and it has too &s;olid a con&s;i&s;tence to admit the con&s;i&s;tence of &s;o many things: And if you boil it more &s;lightly, the wa|ter will be flatulent; and it will al&s;o make that promi&s;cuous decoction &s;oon apt to corrupt. &para; <HI>Mar|tian</HI>
<PB N="766" REF="347"> denies that a &s;light Decoction of Barley is fla|tulent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem cap. 28.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. Tho&s;e that in acute Di&s;ea&s;es continue <HI>laxative Apozems,</HI> enervate the &s;trength, and deviate quite from the true way of curing, which com|mands that at the beginning we &s;hould le&s;&s;en the matter, afterwards incide the thick things that ob|&s;truct,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> and deterge the clammy and open the ob|&s;tructions them&s;elves.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. The Body will be &s;oluble or &s;lippery, if on the day before the Patient is to take an Infu&s;i|on of Senna or other Purge, he take a Cly&s;ter of the Decoction of Fluellin mixed with Capon or Cock broth and a little Sugar added:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Johan. Crato Con&s;il. 37. apud Schol|tzium.</NOTE> this will do more good than if he weaken his Stomach for many dayes with Syrups.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. By the long u&s;e of Apozems that di&s;&s;olve Phlegm, the Phlegm which plentifully &s;tagnated in &s;oft Bodies e&s;pecially of Women and Cachectick Per&s;ons, is fir&s;t attenuated, then di&s;&s;olved into wa|ter, which de&s;cending by its weight fills the capa|city of the lower Belly; which we &s;ee happen through the unwary giving of Purgers, whereby the Belly is &s;o &s;welled that all think there is a Drop&s;ie. Wherefore that Patients that are full of thick Phlegm may not incur this danger, let the Skilful Phy&s;ician daily before he gives his Apozems premi&s;e a little of the troches of Wormwood, of Capers, of Maudlin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> That &s;ome have faln into a Drop&s;ie by Syrups that have been too inciding, is noted by <HI>Averroes 7. Collig. Henric. ab Heers Spadacr. cap.</HI> 10. <HI>Heurn. Meth. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 7. and <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 17.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. There is a new but whol&s;ome way of <HI>in|fu&s;ing Herbs</HI> in Fevers, where there are great ob|&s;tructions: for Infu&s;ions pa&s;s into the Veins more ea&s;ily than either decoctions or di&s;tillations. Now this infu&s;ion is twofold, one when the Medicine is put into hot water, and the Ve&s;&s;el pre&s;ently &s;hut, and we &s;et it upon warm a&s;hes, to continue the warmth of the water; and then it is &s;trongly &s;trained out; the other is more ineffectual, when we put it into water that is not hot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. meth. m. l. 1.</NOTE> and let it &s;tand therein for a Night, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="20">XX. All <HI>di&s;tilled waters</HI> are cold, even the water that is di&s;tilled from the hotte&s;t &s;imple, as &s;uppo&s;e from Calamint, which bites the Tongue like Pep|per, and yet heats not but cools: And I have &s;een &s;ome that have been inflamed by drinking the de|coction of the Indian wood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montan. con&s;ult. 42.</NOTE> to be greatly cooled by Calamint water. &para; As much as may be let us ab&s;tain from di&s;tilled waters as from tho&s;e things that are very offen&s;ive to the Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claud. l 2. de integr. c. 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. The Ancients gave tedious decoctions, long Infu&s;ions and Apozems: the Moderns con&s;ulting for t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e delicate, and curing <HI>per compendium,</HI> prefer before the&s;e, dige&s;tive powders of Magi&s;teries, Sal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, E&s;&s;ences, and divers other preparations. <HI>Hor&s;tius (tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 193.) in the Hypochondriack Melancho|ly pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ribes this for a dige&s;tive: <HI>Take of the Magi|&s;tery of red Corals a &s;cruple, of the Magi&s;tery of the Sponge|&s;tone half a &s;cruple, mix them;</HI> Give this in a decoction of Turnips with the rinds on, that through the bit|terne&s;s of the&s;e the decoction may open,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">fer. Here. med. l. 3. c. 3.</NOTE> penetrate and incide the more powerfully.</P>
<P>&para; If any that is taught to under&s;tand more than the vulgar &s;hall bend his mind to Chymical prepa|rations, and more effectual Remedies, and there|fore more &s;afe, if &s;o be they be rightly admini&s;tred, we will commend to him both <HI>Tinctures</HI> and <HI>Extracts,</HI> and al&s;o <HI>Oils</HI> prepared by art, likewi&s;e <HI>Volatil Salts,</HI> but chiefly <HI>oleous,</HI> to be got by art out of mo&s;t parts of Animals, and convenient for u&s;e: Which being generally le&s;s ungrateful than the vulgar Medi|cines, and taken in a far le&s;s quantity, and opera|ting more quickly and kindly, and al&s;o more effec|tually than they, are de&s;ervedly de&s;ired by the &s;ick that are afflicted enough of them&s;elves: &s;o that it is unbecoming a Phy&s;ician that would be e&s;teem+ed compa&s;&s;ionate, yea it is inhumane, not to be willing to help, when he can, the infirmity, loath|ing and <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> of the Sick by a more grateful Medi|cine, but to chu&s;e rather to be continually adding affliction to the afflicted. Wherefore I think the more kind are to be preferred before tho&s;e &s;urly Phy&s;icians,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. Pract. l. 1. c. 34. &sect;. 103.</NOTE> and a compliance is to be made both by the Phy&s;ician and his Medicines to the natural in|firmity, and &s;ometimes peevi&s;hne&s;s of the Sick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. Tho&s;e err, who for cooling Alteratives give tho&s;e things that are very commonly eat, as Succory and Lettuce; I &s;ay they err, becau&s;e Na|ture being u&s;ed to them has contracted &s;uch a friend&s;hip and familiarity with them, that there is no &s;trife betwixt them, and con&s;equently no bene|fit to be expected. For &s;ome when they are well, will eat a whole Plate full of Lettuce or Succory every day, and therefore 'tis an idle thing to be|lieve that Men who have for a long time been nouri&s;hed by Lettuce and Succory,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. meth. l. 4. c. 13.</NOTE> can be cooled by two or three leaves.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. <HI>J. B. Sylvaticus (Contr.</HI> 46.) rejects the u&s;e of the <HI>Spirit of Vitriol</HI> in Fevers, becau&s;e it may col|liquate the tender fle&s;h, and p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ejudice the &s;ub|&s;tance of the part by di&s;&s;olving the primigenial moi&s;ture, 1. Becau&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Dio&s;cor.</HI> &s;ay that it partakes of a corroding and &s;eptick quality. I <HI>an|&s;wer,</HI> In the preparation many parts of the Vitriol are &s;eparated from the Spirit, whence we cannot ob&s;erve all the effects in the Spirit that are &s;een in the Vitriol intire; and &s;ome may be &s;een in the fir&s;t that are not taken notice of in the latter. Vitriol vomits, the Spirit &s;tays vomiting. So Sul|phur is inflammable, its Spirit not &s;o, yea it rather re&s;i&s;teth a flame. The Spirit of Vitriol hath an eroding faculty if given alone, but that is common to it with other Liquors, as Vinegar, the juice of Citron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Your <HI>Acidulae</HI> or Mineral Waters are drunk with profit, that have their vertue from Vi|triolick Spirits: It is &s;afely given in convenient Liquors. Its hotne&s;s is corrected, while its par|ticles are &s;evered by a mixture with Water or o|ther Liquors, in that proportion, that an hundred particles or atoms of Water are mixed with ten or twelve of the Spirit. 2. The Medicine was not known to Antiquity; yea<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">x. m. c. 2. 11. &amp;c. 9.</NOTE> <HI>Galen</HI> &s;u&s;pects the u&s;e of Vitriolate waters in putrid Fevers, becau&s;e being applied to the Skin, they both cau&s;e an a|&s;triction of its pores, and too much heat the Body. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> We mu&s;t not therefore reject it becau&s;e it was not known to Antiquity. <HI>Galen</HI> di&s;allows of the external u&s;e of Vitriolate Waters, becau&s;e they con&s;tringe the Skin. 3. He &s;ays there are &s;afer Me|dicines. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> The Spirit of Vitriol is &s;afer if it be taken in a due quantity: That it has done good in Fevers, there are innumerable witne&s;&s;es; few &s;ay that it has done <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">urt: It does not as yet appear that there are &s;afer Medicines. 4. The too great a&s;triction that was in the Vitriol, is al&s;o in the oyl; now a&s;tringents do harm in putrid Fevers. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> The a&s;triction in the Spirit is not &s;o great as to do harm; there rather &s;eems to be none in it: all acids do not a&s;tringe; yea they attenuate, de|terge, take away ob&s;tructions, loo&s;en the Belly: it cures the flux of the Belly, not by binding, but by &s;trengthning and conden&s;ating: there proceed indeed effects from den&s;ation, that are like to a&s;tric|tion, but are not: a&s;tringents and acids are diffe|rent. But &s;uppo&s;e it a&s;tringe, there is no danger from thence, for the inciding, attenuating and o|pening parts are by far the more powerful. 5. Vi|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">riol is poy&s;on, according to <HI>Dio&s;corides. An&s;w.</HI> It is Poy&s;on in a large &s;en&s;e, in which all things that kill by their quantity are called deleteries, &amp;c. <HI>Rolfinc. Ep. de febr. c.</HI> 136. where more objections are made. &para; Spirit of Vitriol being given inde|cently and too long, puts on the nature rather of a Poy&s;on than a Medicine: Being added to Hu|mours that boil already enough of them&s;elves, ju&s;t
<PB N="767" REF="347"> as if you mix this Spirit with the Gall of &s;ome Animal,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. con&s;. 2. l. 4. p. 405.</NOTE> it cau&s;es greater di&s;turbance, and procures a quicker a&s;cent of vapours.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Chymi&s;ts make Univer&s;al and general Dige&s;tives of Tartar, as 1. Its cream and Cry&s;tals, 2. The magi&s;tery of Tartar vitriolate, 3. <HI>Mi&s;iura &s;implex:</HI> But the&s;e are not truly &s;uch, it is &s;afer to rank them in the number of particular Dige&s;tives. They are not good in a bilious Cacochymie, and for &s;alt, &s;owr and acrimonious humours: In tho&s;e they may increa&s;e the ebullition and do harm. They are more profitable for a &s;imple cacochymi|cal melancholy, but not &s;o good for a Pontick and Acrimonious, which has the &s;eeds of fire in it: As much as they avail to incide thickne&s;s, &s;o much they irritate fervid and adu&s;t humours and hurt by inflaming.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. meth. gener. &amp;c. p. 477.</NOTE> They are in &s;ome &s;ort good for phleg+matick humors.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. The <HI>Cream</HI> and <HI>Cry&s;tal</HI> of <HI>Tartar</HI> ab&s;terge, incide thick and tartareous Humours, open ob+&s;tructions and loo&s;en the Belly; and either of them is a plea&s;ant Medicine, if a drachm thereof be given in the broth of fle&s;h, or in boyled water (with a little butter in it) with three, four or five grains of <HI>Diagridium</HI> or extract of Scammony; it will give the liquor a &s;omewhat acid ta&s;te. The <HI>Cry&s;tals</HI> are not &s;o acid nor &s;o diuretick as the <HI>Cream,</HI> and therefore they are &s;afelier given when the body is not purged:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. Epi&s;t. 28. cent. 1.</NOTE> the do&s;e is from a &s;cruple to a drachm.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. As to the <HI>Cry&s;tal of Tartar,</HI> let the younger Phy&s;icians note, that it is of greater efficacy than is commonly believed, &s;eeing we &s;eldome make u&s;e of it in our practice through the carele&s;ne&s;s of Apothecaries and deceit of P&s;eudochymi&s;ts, or tho&s;e common di&s;tillers that &s;ell chymical Medi|cines to Apothecaries, none whereof almo&s;t is &s;incere, but all adulterate. The carele&s;ne&s;s of Apothecaries is for the mo&s;t part &s;o great, that they chu&s;e rather to buy the Cry&s;tal of Tartar of tho&s;e di&s;tillers than make it them&s;elves (though no preparation of Medicines in the whole art be ea&s;i|er) becau&s;e it is &s;old them at a low price, where|as it would &s;tand them dearer to make it. Now the cheat lies in this, that tho&s;e Impo&s;tors put in their decoctions but a little Tartar and a great deal of Alum: not that Tartar is dearer than Alum, but becau&s;e Tartar yields but a little quantity of Cry&s;tals, whereas Alum will all of it run into them. Hereby are Phy&s;icians di&s;appointed of their end, &s;eeing Alum is indued with an a&s;trin|gent vertue, that is contrary to the opening facul|ty that is de&s;ired by them. And another hurt is done this Medicine, that this &s;ort of Cry&s;tals is drawn out by decoctions made in Bra&s;s pots, where|by the malignant quality of the Bra&s;s is imprinted upon the Medicine: For it is a very well known and vulgar precept of pharmacy, that acids be not boyled in bra&s;s ve&s;&s;els, becau&s;e they ea&s;ily pe+netrate, and draw a certain tincture from the bra&s;s that is very hurtful: But the Cry&s;tals of Tar|tar are very acid, and by &s;ome are named <HI>Acidum Tartari:</HI> And yet this errour is very commonly com|mitted even by the Apothecaries them&s;elves; for almo&s;t all that make the&s;e Cry&s;tals with their own hands, u&s;e bra&s;s ve&s;&s;els; &s;o that I have &s;een &s;ome Apothecaries have Cry&s;tals of Tartar of a Sea|green colour, from the Verdegrie&s;e that had been drawn from the Ve&s;&s;el wherein they had been made. Therefore Phy&s;icians will con&s;ult for their own con&s;cience, for their e&s;teem and the health of their Patients, if they make Apothecaries make the cry&s;tal of Tartar with their own hand, and in Gla&s;s, Iron or earthen Ve&s;&s;els.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. pract. l. 11. c. 4.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Though I leave every one to his own judgment and experience in the u&s;e of Tartar; yet by long u&s;e I have found that there is more of an opening and loo&s;ening faculty in Tartar it &s;elf than in its cream or cry&s;tals drawn by the &s;olicitous hands and thoughts of Chymi&s;ts; &s;eeing in boiling and by &s;o many wa&s;hings its purgative vertue that re&s;ts chiefly in its earthy and &s;aline parts, does mo&s;t of it vani&s;h in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o the thin air. I pre&s;cribe opening herbs, that are defin'd for the Spleen or Liver to be boiled in pottage,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heers ob&s;. 1. de May. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">e Tr. de A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">thr.</NOTE> with the addition of a &s;poonful of white Tartar clean&s;ed by wa&s;hing only and dried.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. The Salt of Tartar has a great open|ing vertue, and may profitably be put in opening Apozems, Opiats and Pills: but its principal u&s;e is in a loo&s;ening Pti&s;an, which is made of two drachms of Senna infu&s;ed in eight ounces of cold water, with a &s;cruple or half a drachm of Salt of Tartar, whereby the Tincture of the Senna is powerfully extracted, &s;o that this pti&s;an purgeth far more &s;trongly than the common; and being continued for many days, loo&s;es all ob&s;tructions; from which effect I have known &s;tubborn Quartans often thoroughly cured by the u&s;e of this pti&s;an continued for fifteen days. If you fear the Acrimony of the Salt of Tartar, it may be corrected with the Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur, as for half a drachm of the Salt let there be fifteen drops of the Spi|rit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Pract.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Of the Spirit of Vitriol with the Salt or Spirit of Tartar is made <HI>Tartar Vitriolate,</HI> which in|cides and attenuates cold and vi&s;cous Humours, concocts crudities, opens ob&s;tructions and clean&s;eth away the &s;ticking matter; and does all the&s;e things very effectually. For if the Tartar of Wine have of it &s;elf no &s;mall vertue to open and ab&s;terge; if Vitriol alone do this, as natural acid and vitriolate Waters demon&s;trate, which are very profitable in all Di&s;ea&s;es that &s;pring from ob&s;tructions; much more is this to be granted to Tartar vitriolate, where prepared and very well purified oyl of Tar|tar by pouring oyl of Vitriol drop by drop upon it, is fixt not without excande&s;cence. But it is to be ob&s;erved that if it be exactly prepared accord|ing to <HI>Crollius,</HI> it will creat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> a <HI>nau&s;ea,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;t. Dec. 9. probl. 5. where is a|nother pre|paration.</NOTE> and in the more delicate often cau&s;e a vomiting, through the over great quantity of the oyl of Tartar in re&s;pect to the Spirit of vitriol. Therefore it will have the better operation when equ<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l parts are taken.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. The <HI>cream</HI> and <HI>cry&s;talls of Tartar</HI> and Tartar <HI>vitriolate</HI> are &s;o common at this day, that many hard|ly pre&s;cribe any Medicines without putting &s;ome of the&s;e in them: Yea <HI>Crollius</HI> calls <HI>Tartar. Vitriolat.</HI> an univer&s;al Dige&s;tive. And I confe&s;s indeed that Me|dicines made of Tartar have a very great vertue in inciding and attenuating Melancholick and thick Humours, and therefore in opening ob&s;tructions. But whereas it often happens that in Hypochon|driack Melancholy there are often found black cho|ler and Salt and &s;owr Humours, and &s;uch as are altogether Acrimonious and have the Seeds of fire as it were in them; &s;urely Tartar Vitriolate and &s;uch Acrimonious Medicines are not proper for &s;uch Humours, &s;eeing they do not blunt their Acri|mony: but tho&s;e are rather to be u&s;ed which tem|per the bad qualities of &s;uch Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. pract. l. 3. p. 3. c. 3.</NOTE> and con|trary qualities are to be oppo&s;ed to contrary. &para; When &s;ometimes there ari&s;e dreadful Symptoms from the u&s;e of Tartar vitriolate, as Vomiting, a pain at the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. clavis Schrod. p. 610.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI> it is not to be imputed to the Salt of Tartar, but often to the impure Spirit of Vitriol.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Seeing volatil Salts may be drawn from all the parts of man with &s;mall trouble (whereof therefore I conclude they con&s;i&s;t) none ought to wonder that among&s;t Alteratives and correctors of the depraved Humours of Men I often prai&s;e and commend <HI>Volatil Salts,</HI> but &s;uch as are mild, whereunto here al&s;o I de&s;ervedly give the prefe|rence in correcting and amending the hurts accrew|ing from the air any way infected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. de le Boe p. m. 407.</NOTE> or from bad ali|ments that &s;tay in the Body, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="32"><PB N="768" REF="348">XXXII. <HI>Vi&s;cid Phlegm</HI> is incided both by all Aro|maticks and things that abound with a volatil Salt, and al&s;o by Acids, and mo&s;t effectually by Aroma|tick Gumms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ap|pend. Tr. 5. &sect;. 571.</NOTE> as <HI>Galbanum, Sagapenum, Ammoniacum, Bdel|lium, Opopanax,</HI> Ma&s;tich and the like. &para; <HI>Volatil Salts</HI> being taken for continuance, even together with meat, are good to prepare <HI>tough Phlem,</HI> as not only inciding and correcting of it, but driving part thereof to the ways of the urine and expelling of it in the form of &s;ediment, which yet fails by de|grees in the urine, and on that account yields an undoubted &s;ign that the phlegm is corrected and overcome for the greate&s;t part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem pract. l. 1. c. 30.</NOTE> &para; Nothing does &s;o incide and correct a too glutinous, tough and clammy Blood, as any volatil Salt, u&s;ed for a con|tinuance at any time at dinner and &s;upper with Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Seeing every Chronical and tedious di&s;|temper draws its original from a phlegmatick Hu|mour, at lea&s;t has the &s;ame joined with its cau&s;e, which yields to no Remedy more ea&s;ily or &s;ooner than to volatil Salt u&s;ed according to art.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem c. 43. &sect;. 17, &amp; 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> &para; Phlegm, as it is a concrete <HI>Serum,</HI> &s;o it requires attenuaters, heaters, re&s;olvers, or things that make it fluid with moi&s;teners. But note that we mu&s;t not dry too much, for &s;o it becomes more concrete: whence be&s;ides Aromaticks and bitteri&s;h Acids, as Spirit of Vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">id.</NOTE> Phlegmaticks are very good, yet not omit|ting heaters and moi&s;teners.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. I have learned by &s;ome years experi|ence that the con&s;i&s;tence, and from hence the gluti|nou&s;ne&s;s of the Choler, as al&s;o of other Humours in the Body are increa&s;ed by the frequent u&s;e of au&s;tere or &s;owr things, and on the contrary that the &s;ame are le&s;&s;ened by a continued u&s;e of volatil Salts &amp; Acrimonious Aromaticks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem c. 44.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. The <HI>Salt</HI> or <HI>Vitriol of Steel</HI> gains the pre|ference of all other Remedies, becau&s;e it opens ob|&s;tructions, &s;trengthens the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and corrects an hot <HI>intemperies:</HI> the do&s;e is from twelve grains to twenty with a Syrup or con&s;erve, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The ungrate|fulne&s;s of its ta&s;te is amended by making it up into pills with the mucilage of Gum tragacan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h. Let it be of con&s;tant u&s;e, and therefore prepare a great quanti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y. We give you here an ea&s;ie prepara<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion, that cannot be compared by <HI>Beguin</HI> and others: take of oyl of vitriol or Sulphur half a pound, of the Spi|rit of Wine a pound, pour them into a new and clean frying pan (or Iron di&s;h) and cover it wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h a Board: within fifteen days there will be a &s;aline concretion, which &s;et in the &s;un, that it may be throughly dryed, moving it now and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hen with an Iron <HI>&s;patula:</HI> in the winter it may be dryed over a very weak fire, or in a &s;tove: when the Salt is ve|ry well dryed, put it up in a gla&s;s phial well &s;topt; for if it be expos'd to the air, it is apt to grow moi&s;t. The pills made of it with the mucilage of Gum tragacanth will be made harder by adding a little of the Powder of the Gum it &s;elf: and when they are made up, keep them in a gla&s;s, that they wax not moi&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. pr. l. 12. c. 5.</NOTE> This Remedy may be continued for a month, or longer with great benefit.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. The vertue of Chalybeate Medicines de|pends on the different manner of re&s;olving and lay|ing open the particles of the concrete (or Steel) and of their being exerted into act. For &s;teel or Iron con&s;i&s;ts chiefly of Salt, Sulphur and Earth; it is endued but very &s;lenderly with Spirit and wa|ter: Now the particles of the former elements, e&s;pecially the Sulphureous and &s;aline, being combin'd in the concrete with the earthy, remain altogether fixt and &s;luggi&s;h; but being loo&s;ed and pulled from one another, they are of very great efficacy. The fore&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">id particles are loo&s;ed two ways, either by art, or by Nature, after they are taken into the b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dy; for a metallick body is wont to be corroded and di&s;&s;olved by the fer|ment of the Stomach, as by a Chymical <HI>Men&s;truum.</HI> The mo&s;t &s;imple way of preparing Iron (or S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eel) is a dividing of its body into &s;mall integral parts by <HI>fyling,</HI> which parts retain the nature of the whole, and contain &s;uphureous and &s;aline bodies combined with other earthy. The filing of Steel being taken inwardly, is di&s;&s;olved by the ferment of the Stomach as by an acid <HI>Men&s;truum,</HI> the &s;igns whereof are as well the &s;ulphureous and nidorous belching, (like that when one has eaten Eggs boyl'd hard) as the blackne&s;s of the dung which is cau&s;ed by the Steel di&s;&s;olved within in the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> that perform concoction: the active particles both &s;ulphureous &amp; &s;aline fly plentifully out of the con|crete, and benig involved in the nutritious juice are conveyed into the Blood, which being of a contrary vertue, do often both of them as with joynt forces con&s;pire for the profit of the &s;ick. The &s;ulphureous particles being conveyed into the Blood add to it a new and more plentiful &s;tore of Sulphur, &s;o that its ma&s;s, if it was before poor and effete, does now ferment more briskly in the ve&s;&s;els, and be|ing further kindled in the Heart acquires a more inten&s;e heat, yea and a deeper colour. For thus we may ob&s;erve in very many that are affected with the <HI>Leucophlegmatia</HI> and Green-&s;ickne&s;s, who&s;e coun|tenance is pale, their Blood cold and watry, that by the u&s;e of Steel they acquire a fre&s;her and more florid countenance, their Blood being died with a deeper tincture and colour. Moreover from the filing of Steel di&s;&s;olved in the Stomach the &s;aline particles are al&s;o &s;eparated, and have of|ten a notable effect both upon the &s;olid parts and humours: for the&s;e being of a vitriolick and &s;typ|tick nature, do a&s;tringe and corroborate the two loo&s;e and debilitated fibres of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and &s;o re|&s;tore their vitiated tone: Be&s;ides, the&s;e &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">line particles re&s;train the <HI>impetus</HI> of the Blood, hinder its too great heat and frothy turge&s;cence, and keep it in an even circulation: moreover (which is their principal vertue) they contract and &s;traiten the over loo&s;e, open and gaping mouths of the Arteries, &s;o that neither the Blood nor <HI>Serum,</HI> can i&s;&s;ue forth, nor is the thred of the circulation broken off. On which account in the drop&s;ie and hemorrhagies Remedies partaking of the &s;aline particles of Iron are of the mo&s;t famous u&s;e and efficacy; for many di&s;ea&s;es proceed from this cau&s;e, that the mouths of the Arteries being too open and the inter&s;tices of the ve&s;&s;els over loo&s;e, the <HI>Serum</HI> or Blood bur&s;t forth; which di&s;ea&s;es are often cured by the vitriolick particles of Steel, which con&s;tringe and corroborate both the Blood-ve&s;&s;els and nervous fibres. Thus the filing of Steel being taken inwardly &s;eems both to &s;pur and bri|dle the Blood: but ina&s;much as the incitation wrought by this Medicine is far more powerful than the re&s;triction, therefore it ought to be given only to tho&s;e who&s;e Blood is very thick and cold, as to ru&s;tick and robu&s;t per&s;ons; in a very hot and &s;pirituous Blood and hot <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> it is not at all pro|per. Be&s;ides in per&s;ons more delicate and of a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ender con&s;titution there is danger, le&s;t the parti|cles of the Steel, &s;eeing they cannot be &s;ufficient|ly di&s;&s;olved, &s;hould &s;trike into the membranes of the bowels like pieces of gla&s;s, and &s;ticking firmly to them &s;hould produce deadly ulcers and gri|pings; which I have known &s;ometimes to fall out really. 2. Next to filing of Steel let a &s;econd way of preparation be <HI>calcining it with Sulphur;</HI> name|ly let a roll of Brim&s;tone be held to plates of Steel made red hot, that the Metal may melt to pieces, which being again calcin'd to con&s;ume the &s;ulphur, and ground in a Mortar, are brought to a fine powder that is of excellent u&s;e. In this prepara|tion of Steel the &s;ulphureous particles do indeed exhale, the &s;ign whereof is, that this powder upon pouring an Acid liquor upon it boils and waxes hot far le&s;s than the filing of Steel; yet when one takes it inwardly, a Sulphureous nidour is rai&s;ed from it. In the mean time in this prepa|ration the &s;aline particles &s;eem to be a little in|crea&s;ed
<PB N="769" REF="348"> by new ones that accrew to the red hot metal from the Sulphur, &s;o that the active particles of both kinds, namely both Sulphureous and Sa|line, come almo&s;t to a poi&s;e: and &s;eeing by this means this Medicine, (the <HI>compages</HI> of the metal being loo&s;ed) may be very &s;ubtilely powdered, it becomes of far more excellent u&s;e than filing of Steel. In mo&s;t ca&s;es where Steel ought to be given in &s;ub&s;tance, as in a Cachexie, the Green-&s;ickne&s;s and the like, it is convenient to u&s;e this Medi|cine. 3. In the <HI>third</HI> place comes the <HI>preparation of Steel with Vinegar;</HI> namely the filing of Steel is &s;o often be&s;prinkled with Vinegar, and dryed, as till it may be reduced to an impalpable powder. In this preparation the greate&s;t part of the Sulphureous particles do evaporate; in the mean time the &s;a|line are much encrea&s;ed by others accrewing from the Vinegar, which are mixed with the earthy particles. This powder of Steel hardly froths or bubbles at all upon pouring an acid liquor upon it, and when it is taken inwardly hardly produces any Sulphureous nidour: and therefore it is not &s;o profitable for opening ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> or re&s;toring the ferment of the Blood: yet in an hot con&s;titution it u&s;es to be given with greater &s;ucce&s;s than the former preparations in the Hemor|rhagies and Hypochondriack Melancholy. 4. The <HI>Ru&s;t of Iron</HI> follows which &s;eems to be the extract or quinte&s;&s;ence of the metallick Body: becau&s;e in that excre&s;cence &s;ome particles of all kinds, namely Sulphureous, &s;aline and earthy, being loo&s;ed from the <HI>compages</HI> of the whole, are combined with one another, and make as it were a new mixt or con|crete that is more &s;ubtil and defecate. Becau&s;e in this concrete there re&s;ide fewer particles of Sul|phur, therefore it does not &s;o powerfully ferment the Blood, or unlock ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> as Steel prepared with Sulphur: yet in the hotter intemperatures of the parts or Humours it notably performs the intentions that are requi&s;ite from a chalybeate Medicine. <HI>Thus far</HI> of the preparations of Steel wherein the elementary particles of every kind are comprehended, though in a different por|tion: others remain wherein there is almo&s;t but one &s;ort of particles, namely &s;aline, or earthy, the other being driven away for the greate&s;t part, of which &s;ort in a &s;pecial manner are <HI>Vitriolum Martis</HI> or <HI>the Salt of Steel,</HI> and <HI>crocus Martis.</HI> 5. For making <HI>Vitriolum Martis,</HI> fir&s;t of all the metal u&s;es to be ea|ten by &s;ome very acid and corro&s;ive liquor, and to be di&s;&s;olved into elementary parts: in the di&s;&s;olu|tion the &s;aline particles of the <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> hit upon the &s;aline ones of the Iron, and are intimately com|bined with them, the other particles, <HI>viz.</HI> the Sul|phureous and &s;aline being in the m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">an time &s;et a&s;ide and excluded from their fellow&s;hip: then common water being poured on the &s;olution, the combined &s;alts of both kinds are imbibed by the liquor, and the liquor being filtrated and evapourated the &s;alts run into cry&s;tals. Such kind of &s;alification &s;ucceeds well either with &s;pirit of vitriol, oyl of &s;ulphur, <HI>aqua &s;tygia,</HI> or other di&s;tilled &s;tagma's of Minerals: yea &s;al Armoniack only di&s;&s;olved <HI>per de|liquium,</HI> di&s;&s;olves Iron in the &s;ame manner and di&s;|po&s;es it to cry&s;tallize. <HI>Sal Martis</HI> (or the &s;alt of Steel) being thus prepared has a &s;weeti&s;h ta&s;t with a certain rough &s;typticity, and &s;o far partakes of a vitriolick nature that it &s;eems not to differ much from green copro&s;e: but being taken in|wardly it does in &s;ome mea&s;ure ferment the Hu|mours, and pretty powerfully con&s;tringe the ner|vous fibres. This Medicine is not &s;o proper in cold and phlegmatick cachexies, becau&s;e no parti|cles of the &s;ulphur are exerted: but in hot intem|peratures of the bowels with the prevailing of a du&s;t &s;ulphur, al&s;o in the wandring &s;corbutical and unequal efferve&s;cences of the blood and nervous juyce, being taken by it &s;elf or mixt with other Medicines for a <HI>Stimulus,</HI> it is often u&s;ed with &s;uc|ce&s;s: yet in more tender con&s;titutions there is danger le&s;t the tone and fibres of the &s;tomach &s;hould be hurt by its acrimony and too great con|&s;triction. 6. La&s;tly comes <HI>Grecus Martis ad&s;tringens</HI> prepared by a long calcination by the fire: namely let the filing, <HI>Scoria</HI> or plates of Iron be &s;o placed in a reverberatory furnace, that it may be continual|ly beat upon by an hot flame: the filing being thus placed will at fir&s;t grow red after a &s;ort, and run together into hard lumps; but after three or four days, &s;uddenly &s;welling into an higher heap, it will become very light, impalpable and of a cu|rious purple colour. In this preparation the &s;ul|phureous and &s;aline particles, whil&s;t by the force of the fire they begin to be driven from the concrete, do catch hold of one another, and &s;o be|ing mutually combined grow into lumps: yet af|terwards the&s;e particles, both &s;aline and &s;ulphure|ous, being utterly put to flight, and the fiery &s;uc|ceeding in their room, the whole ma&s;s &s;welling in bulk and being made &s;pungy as it were, be|comes exceeding light. The Medicine thus pre|pared is in &s;ome ca&s;es of excellent u&s;e and inferior to no chalybeate; namely in all extrava&s;ation and too great eruption of the &s;erum and blood, as in external and internal hemorrhagies; in a <HI>diarrhaea</HI> and <HI>diabetes;</HI> in a violent catarrh; al&s;o in the be|ginning of an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> or drop&s;ie I know nothing bet|ter. But &s;ome may think, that if this Medicine be de&s;titute of &s;aline and &s;ulphureous particles, there is nothing le&s;t but a <HI>caput mortuum? An&s;w.</HI> 1. Its efficacy depends upon the fiery particles (be|ing included in the mo&s;t fixed earth) that break out within the body. 2. The earthy particles be|ing wholly de&s;titute of the &s;aline (whereby they were very &s;traitly held) do very greedily de&s;ire to be reunited to the &s;ame or the like: where|fore this <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> being taken into our body does &s;natch and clo&s;e with all the &s;alts it meets with; and &s;o while like a &s;ponge it &s;ucks up very many &s;aline particles, it takes away many enormi|ties that ari&s;e chiefly from the fluor of the &s;alts:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho. Willis patholog. cerebr. c. 11.</NOTE> upon this account burnt Hartshorn, <HI>Spodium, Anti|monium Diaphoreticum,</HI> &amp;c. do good.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. It is doubtful in what parts of it its a&s;tringent vertue, and in what its opening and loo&s;ening con&s;i&s;t; and this we ought to know, le&s;t whil&s;t we would bind, we loo&s;en and open. Divers men think diver&s;ly; I am of opinion that the opening vertue of Steel is not &s;uperficial, but lies hid within, and cannot be drawn forth but by many heatings of it and long preparations, which may loo&s;e the &s;trait compages of the Iron: Hence I determine that the fir&s;t infu&s;ions do bind, that the &s;trong and often repeated do open: Thus cha|lybeate milk and wine bind, if the extinction be moderate, but when it is plentiful, the belly is loo&s;ened by them through a larger quantity of the &s;ub&s;tance of the Steel mixed with them: ina&s;|much as the opening vertue con&s;i&s;ts in its vitriolick part, which cannot &s;o ea&s;ily be drawn out. There|fore the olde&s;t Iron that has been often heated is preferred, becau&s;e it may be more ea&s;ily prepared and di&s;&s;olved. It al&s;o u&s;es to be prepared by vi|negar and wine, and by the &s;harpe&s;t liquors, to bring out the opening vertue that lies hid in it. But water and milk, and other &s;oft liquors can draw nothing out of Iron, and therefore they bind, unle&s;s its vertue be drawn out of the fire in often heating of it. Thus mineral waters, that &s;pring from Iron and vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. l. 2. de febr. c. 1.</NOTE> do open very power|fully, which have not the &s;ub&s;tance of the Iron it &s;elf, but only its more pure and &s;pirituous part mixed with them by the &s;ubterraneous fire.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Note, that <HI>Chalybeate Medicines</HI> (among&s;t which <HI>Augenius</HI>'s Electuary of Steel is famous) does operate more happily,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augen.</NOTE> if wine be diluted in Steel water and aliments boyled therein.</P>
<P N="38"><PB N="770" REF="349">XXXVIII. There want not &s;ome who make <HI>an Electuary of Steel</HI> with Agarick, Carthamus &s;eed, <HI>Senna,</HI> Mechoacan, &amp;c. which practice is by no means to be admitted of; for if the Phy&s;ician intend to &s;trengthen, to open ob&s;tructions, to unlock &s;tufft parts and provoke &s;weat, by inciding the thick humours, and widening the pipes by ex|erci&s;e, why will you procure a con<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rary motion by provoking to &s;tool? Be&s;ides, tho&s;e that take Steel are wearied with exerci&s;e to make them &s;weat, why therefore &s;hall they on the &s;ame day be tormented with an evacuation by &s;tool? More|over violence is offered to nature, which is very much ca&s;t down by this inequality of motions. 'Tis better therefore by intervals to purge out the thicker part of the humours by &s;tool, re&s;ting two days from the chalybeate for that purpo&s;e, whereupon &s;ome mild purger may be g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ven. Nor did <HI>Galen l. de ther. cap.</HI> 16. <HI>Aetius tetrab.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;erm.</HI> 3. <HI>Paulus lib.</HI> 7. <HI>tit. de ferro, Rha&s;es</HI> and others u&s;e to mix Steel with purgers when they u&s;ed it to wa&s;te great Spleens,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. h. p. 485.</NOTE> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd to root out &s;tubborn ob&s;tructions.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Cordials &s;eem fitting to be mixed with <HI>Steel,</HI> &s;eeing it is an enemy to the parts, and cau&s;es griping, head-ach, dryne&s;s of the mouth and inflammation. It is reckoned among poy&s;ons by <HI>Avicen.</HI> 64. <HI>tr.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 48. But that is to be under&s;tood of that which is not corrected, or is not given &s;ea&s;onably and in a moderate do&s;e. Wherefore I have always thought it more advi&s;eable to mix with it things that may increa&s;e its vertue, that have a &s;imilitude with the part affected, and may correct its hurtful quality, in the number of which are Treacle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> Mithridate, <HI>Diarrhodon Abbatis,</HI> Aroma|ticum <HI>ro&s;atum,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="40">XL. The Body &s;hould be well purged before the u&s;e of <HI>Steel,</HI> e&s;pecially in the Spring time which is the fitte&s;t &s;ea&s;on to give it in, &s;eeing the facul|ties are then &s;tronge&s;t and the Organs be&s;t di&s;po|&s;ed; or el&s;e take it in the Autumn, if the cure can|not be deferred till &s;pring; not in Summer, for though through the heat the Medicine may then be &s;ooner di&s;tributed, yet the faculties langui&s;h, and by the requi&s;ite exerci&s;e a Fever may be kindled: In Winter the Humours are concrete, the pipes &s;traitned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. 484.</NOTE> and there is no place for exerci&s;e becau&s;e of the coldne&s;s of the ambient air.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. It is commonly enough known that <HI>the Salt of Nitre</HI> cools the Blood and powerfully provokes Urine: but the rea&s;on of both effects appears not &s;o plainly, becau&s;e Nitre is &s;o far from contain|ing in it &s;elf cooling particles, that on the contrary nothing is more igniparous or productive of fire, as we &s;ee in Gun-powder; and if it be di&s;till'd, there &s;eems to pa&s;s forth into the receiver rather a flame than a vapour or &s;moak: moreover the li|quor that is di&s;tilled, burns and corrodes all the Bodies it touches, like actual fire. Nor is it le&s;s wonderful how this, who&s;e nature is &s;o very fiery, &s;hould &s;o dilute the Blood and fu&s;e it into aquo&s;i|ties for provoking Urine. That I may propo&s;e my conjectures about the&s;e matters, I &s;ay that Nitre does contribute to the&s;e effects in a twofold re&s;pect, <HI>viz.</HI> both as it is a Salt, &s;omething of kin with both a fixed and volatil, and as it is <GAP DESC="foreign">, a fiery thing. As to the fir&s;t I have ob&s;erved that Nitre (as al&s;o fixed and volatil Salts) being put into Milk does either hinder or take away its coagula|tion: in like manner hot Blood being poured up|on it (no le&s;s than upon them) is pre&s;erved from coagulation and di&s;coloration. Wherefore ina&s;much as the particles of the Nitre taken inwardly do pre&s;erve or re&s;tore an intire mixture to the Blood, they will therefore prevent or remove the fu&s;ions and coagulations of the &s;ame, from which heat and &s;toppage of Urine do very often ari&s;e. But be|&s;ides, Nitre, as it is fiery, being taken inwardly cools the hot Blood and provokes Urine, ina&s;much as it kindles the flame of the Blood more that was before turbid and mixed with &s;moak, and makes it more clear and pure, and therefore more mild: and &s;eeing thus the Blood, while it it is made to burn clearer by the Nitre, is more loo&s;ened in its con&s;i&s;tence, the &s;erous particles extricate them&s;elves more ea&s;ily and depart more plentifully from the thicker.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. The u&s;e of Oxymel and Hydromel was in far greater repute among the Ancients than now among us. The Arabians, who fir&s;t brought in the u&s;e of Sugar, are the cau&s;e that divers kinds of them have been turned into Syrups, of which there is a great number: but that which is urged for e&s;tabli&s;hing the u&s;e of the&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> that they may be kept longer and are more grateful to the palate, wants to be proved: But it is without all doubt, that all the kinds of Hydromel, and e&s;peci|ally of oxymel, but chiefly that which is called <HI>Melicratum</HI> (when Water, Honey, and &s;ometimes Vinegar are mixt together) are far more profitable, convenient, yea fitter for all curative intentions, than Syrups are: &s;eeing Sugar is a certain &s;weet Salt indued with not a little heat, to which a certain ob&s;tructing &amp; glutinating quality is joined, whence it may be e&s;teemed not &s;o fitting for preparation, altera|tion, mitigation of Humours and excretion of them, for which purpo&s;e &s;yrups are compo&s;ed. Add hereto, that in cholerick &amp; naturally lean Bodies, like other &s;weet things, they ea&s;ily turn to choler, whence there happens more harm than benefit to &s;uch. You will object the &s;weetne&s;s of Honey: we will admit that, but this is far more defecate and pure, and endued with a Nature that is more aereal, cele&s;tial and approaching toward a quinte&s;&s;ence, than Sugar, which though it be &s;uperficially &s;weet, yet inward|ly it abounds with an Acrimony and no little blackne&s;s, as tho&s;e know well and find that have made any progre&s;s in the inward and vital Anato|my of things. Which was noted and diligently ob|&s;erved by <HI>Galen,</HI> and after by <HI>Oriba&s;ius medic. collig. l.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 24. who while he extols the faculties of oxymel that are acid and vitriolate, prefers it before Hy|dromel, which for its &s;weetne&s;s is not &s;o agreeable for hot temperaments and more fervid natures, be|cau&s;e it is ea&s;ily turned into choler. <HI>Seeing,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>the faculty</HI> of <HI>Melicratum has all other things that are good for acute Di&s;ea&s;es, yet in one only it is contrary to them, that being over-heated it is turned into choler: the mixing of Vinegar with it hindring this change of it,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Querc. pharm. dogm. c. 76.</NOTE> <HI>makes it an excellent Medicine, and &s;o much Vinegar is to be put in the Melicratum as may be &s;ufficient to correct its aptne&s;s to turn to choler.</HI></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. <HI>Galen</HI> (l. 6. <HI>de Med. Simpl.</HI> Chap. of <HI>Plantain</HI>) &s;ays, that its leaves and roots being dryed avail to open Ob&s;tructions of the Liver and Kidneys: for Plantain being dried ab&s;tergeth and di&s;cu&s;&s;eth, as the green repre&s;&s;eth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. met. vit. er|ror. l. 13. c. 3.</NOTE> Hence let the errour. of tho&s;e be noted, that in the Winter u&s;e dryed Herbs in|&s;tead of green, which differ very much in nature and qualities.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Young Phy&s;icians are to be admoni&s;hed, that in correcting glutinous Phlegm they be careful not to u&s;e much <HI>Sugar,</HI> or very <HI>&s;ugared</HI> Medicines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius Pract. l. 1. c. 34.</NOTE> &s;eeing the Phlegm is not &s;o much corrected and di&s;&s;olved thereby, as made every day more glu|tinous.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. It is well known that Wormwood clean&s;es the Blood, brings forth Choler and provokes Urine, and evacuates almo&s;t all the Recrements of the Body in&s;en&s;ibly: But that the too great u&s;e of it is hurt|ful, appears by this example: A certain man in the Spring and Autumn u&s;ed daily to devour &s;everal whole leaves, without any <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> for many days: At length in the Spring eating too much he fell into a cholerick loo&s;ne&s;s without trouble, which &s;tayed of it &s;elf: In the Autumn following betaking him|&s;elf again to it as to a <HI>Panacea,</HI> and eating it as plen|tifully as before, he fell into a difficulty of Urine with great heat in making of it: and he made a
<PB N="771" REF="349"> muddy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">J. Udalr. R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mler. Ob&s;. 41.</NOTE> thick and &s;tinking Urine, and that often. Being bid to refrain, he grew well in a few days.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. <HI>Common Wormwood</HI> is a&s;tringent, bitter, acri|monious, heating likewi&s;e and exterging, &s;treng|thening and drying, as <HI>Galen</HI> teaches 6. <HI>Simpl.</HI> 69. though it be of unlike Parts, <HI>viz.</HI> hot in the fir&s;t de|gree and dry in the third: and its juice is far hotter than the Herb. Note therefore this di&s;crepancy of its Parts which appears very manife&s;tly, le&s;t whil&s;t Authors extoll the u&s;e of Wormwood with the highe&s;t Prai&s;es, we be indifferent at what time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or in what Di&s;ea&s;es we u&s;e it. For &s;eeing its &s;typticity is &s;tronger than its bitterne&s;s, as <HI>Avicen</HI> has it (<HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>tract.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 2.) we mu&s;t take heed to whom we give it. <HI>Wormwood is the chiefe&s;t of tho&s;e Medicines that help while the Di&s;ea&s;e is drawing on towards its &s;tate, to rectifie and maturate the matter it &s;elf, and to remedy its hurtfulne&s;s: but after &s;igns of dige&s;tion it is not good, for it only moveth the Humours and does not evacuate them, it cau&s;eth &s;traitne&s;s of Breath, and pen&s;ivene&s;s and loa|thing,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Pauli Qua|drip. Botan. cla&s;&s;. 2. tit. ab&s;inth.</NOTE> <HI>and reverts upon the Patients with its heat, and dries them, and makes them ce&s;tive by its &s;typticity.</HI> Thus far <HI>Avicen.</HI></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. Some <HI>Preparers</HI> are <HI>&V;niver&s;al,</HI> others <HI>Par|ticular.</HI> The former are not &s;o called &s;trictly, as if they were alike proper for all Humours; but &s;uch have that name as are <HI>Polychre&s;ta,</HI> good in &s;everal ca&s;es, and are of more common and frequent u&s;e. Such are <HI>Aperitives, Anti&s;corbuticks, Anticachecticks, He|paticks</HI> and <HI>Spleneticks.</HI> For the more frequent cau&s;es that hinder the vertue of Purgers to operate ac|cording to de&s;ire, are ob&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els, drine&s;s of the Humours and a Scorbutick taint: And &s;o neither Tartar vitriolated, nor the Cream or Cry&s;tals of Tartar, nor the <HI>mi&s;tura &s;implex</HI> it &s;elf de&s;erve or ought to be called Univer&s;al Dige&s;tives on any other account than this, that they have a notable unlocking faculty, and &s;atisfie many indi|cations. <HI>Particular</HI> Preparers are <HI>Alteratives,</HI> and &s;uch as <HI>open</HI> or <HI>incra&s;&s;ate</HI> &s;lenderly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. W. We|del. de &s;. m. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ac. p. 128.</NOTE> and of this &s;ort are tho&s;e Remedies that are appropriated to cer|tain Parts.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. <HI>Choler</HI> naturally is of a <HI>Saffron</HI> colour in two re&s;pects; for when it is thicker, it is a little reddi&s;h like Saffron, but being more dilute it is yellow. This colour is preternaturally changed into various kinds of <HI>green,</HI> and &s;ometimes into a <HI>sky colour,</HI> or a <HI>black.</HI> Now becau&s;e I am taught by long and manifold Experience, that all this <HI>change</HI> of colour in <HI>choler</HI> depends on the Pancreatick juice's being mixed with it, in which is a <HI>multifarious acid acrimony,</HI> any one may &s;ee that the alteration of the colour &s;ignifies not a primary fault in the <HI>choler,</HI> but a &s;econdary and &s;uch as is owing to the &s;aid juice, and <HI>indicates</HI> its <HI>correction</HI> to be by <HI>correcting the &s;ame juice.</HI> When therefore the choler acquiring a colour different from the natural becomes more <HI>acrimonious,</HI> and that <HI>acrimony</HI> is not its own proper and lixivo|&s;aline, but adventitious and foreign, namely <HI>acid,</HI> which yet varies gradually accordingly as its co|lour changes; the <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of the <HI>Corrector</HI> is withal <HI>indicated,</HI> namely &s;uch as is fit to <HI>correct, break</HI> and <HI>temper</HI> an <HI>acid.</HI> For 'tis obvious that <HI>eruginous</HI> and <HI>deeply green choler,</HI> does by its &s;mell and griping give manife&s;t &s;igns of its <HI>offending acidity:</HI> as <HI>black choler</HI> does yet more manife&s;tly evince it, which will make a notable efferve&s;cence in a Copper Ve&s;&s;el, nay upon the ground it &s;elf, &s;uch as is altogether like to that which <HI>aquae fortes</HI> u&s;e to rai&s;e in the &s;ame. As to the <HI>ta&s;te</HI> of the choler, 'tis known that <HI>choler</HI> is naturally <HI>bitter,</HI> but that preternaturlly it is &s;ome|times of a <HI>vitriolate</HI> ta&s;te, but joined with a notable bitterne&s;s which there is but little of in Vitriol. This <HI>vitriolate ta&s;te</HI> of the <HI>choler</HI> &s;ignifies that much <HI>acid</HI> is mixed with it, and &s;o indicates the <HI>contempe|ration</HI> and <HI>correction</HI> of the &s;ame: And <HI>Choler</HI> that is <HI>le&s;s bitter,</HI> indicates a <HI>defect</HI> of <HI>bitterne&s;s,</HI> and al&s;o re|quires an <HI>increa&s;e.</HI> As to the <HI>&s;mell,</HI> the natural can hardly be expre&s;t, unle&s;s we call it <HI>bitteri&s;h,</HI> hence we &s;ay that <HI>erug<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nous choler</HI> &s;mells of an <HI>acid,</HI> when in|deed its &s;mell and <HI>halitus</HI> being mixed with the in|&s;pired Air in the No&s;e penetrates even to the Throat, and there manife&s;ts its <HI>acrimonious acidity</HI> to the ta&s;te, though we call it a &s;cent. The <HI>olid</HI> or rank &s;mell of Belchings is a&s;cribed to corrupted or cor|rupting <HI>choler,</HI> inclining towards the nature of <HI>eruginous.</HI> But when it &s;mells of an <HI>acid,</HI> as it is a &s;ign that a more acid <HI>Pancreatick</HI> and <HI>Melancholick Hu|mour</HI> is mixed with it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; m. m. l. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> &s;o it <HI>indicates the correction of the &s;ame,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. <HI>The &s;altne&s;s of the</HI> &s;erum, if I gue&s;s well, being &s;uch as we ob&s;erve in Sea-&s;alt, <HI>&s;al gemmae</HI> and the like, &s;eems to derive its origine chiefly from a pretty pure lixivial Salt and acid Spirit mixed to|gether, yet the acid Spirit exceeding a little. Now things contempering this &s;altne&s;s are Gum Tragacanth, Arabick, Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, Sty|rax calamita, Henbane &s;eed, the root of Hounds|tongue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as al&s;o the Pills called <HI>de Styrace, de Cy|nogl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;a</HI> and <HI>arnoglo&s;&s;a</HI> or <HI>Plantagine,</HI> by which,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, Append. tract. x. in fine.</NOTE> &s;alt and &s;crous Humours are temper'd and corrected, as Ex|perience witne&s;&s;eth.</P>
<P N="50">L. In a <HI>melancholick cacochymie</HI> both the defective <HI>&s;erum</HI> is to be re&s;tored by moi&s;teners, and its kindly vigour by ab&s;orbing the acid and &s;owr Humours with heating Aromaticks. But acids as they are good for the Cholerick and Phlegmatick, &s;o they are hurtful for Melancholi&s;ts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> for they more ob|tund the Sulphur.</P>
<P N="51">LI. But <HI>atrabilary Humours,</HI> or the more inten&s;e &s;ulphureous parts of the Blood exalted with acid &s;alts and exceeding in acrimony, need more dilu|tion and temperation, whence nitrous and ab&s;ter|ging watry Remedies are to be preferr'd before others: and whereas the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> do greatly cheri&s;h this evil, Remedies that depurate the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> open and ab&s;orb, do chiefly benefit.</P>
<P N="52">LII. Many attend not to the correction of the <HI>offending acid,</HI> becau&s;e the knowledge and doctrine of <HI>acrimonious</HI> things has hitherto been confu&s;ed a|mong Phy&s;icians, who have made no di&s;tinction of <HI>acrimony:</HI> but now a twofold Acrimony (and that contrary the one to the other) being manife&s;ted by me to &s;uch as are willing to be wi&s;e, and confir|med for &s;ome years by the Experience of many, many attend more both to the vertue and daily mi&s;chiefs of each &s;ort of acrimony,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem c. 5. &sect;. 57.</NOTE> and al&s;o to the be&s;t corre|ction of the &s;ame. &para; What&s;oever in nature is ob|&s;erved to be <HI>acrimonious</HI> and biting be&s;ides fire, is all of it either an <HI>acid Spirit,</HI> or a <HI>lixivious Salt,</HI> or, to &s;peak with <HI>Pliny,</HI> a <HI>lixivium,</HI> (or Lye) in regard that from the a&s;hes of things burnt it either turns into a Lye of its own accord by means of the moi&s;t and watry Air, or is drawn therefrom by pouring water upon them, &amp; then by evapourating the water it may be reduced to the con&s;i&s;tence of Salt: the more acrimonious whereof we u&s;e to eat little Ulcers in the Skin for I&s;&s;ues. Where note that both the lixivial Salt and acid Spirit obtain their notable acrimony from the fire, &s;eeing both are prepared from a &s;aline matter by the force of a &s;harp fire. Now &s;eeing no &s;uch or &s;o great fire can be kindled in our Body, as is needful for the making of an acid Spirit, it is not to be &s;uppo&s;ed that any acid Spirit is properly prepared in the Body, but only princi|pally &s;eparated and freed from the temperating Impediments, <HI>viz.</HI> Oil and volatil Spirit. A pret|ty pure <HI>acid Spirit</HI> has often been ob&s;erved in the Bo|dy, even without the u&s;e or abu&s;e of any thing that has been manife&s;tly acid: Thus diver&s;e-coloured &s;tools are ob&s;erved in Infants, yet commonly of a various green, and &s;melling acid, whence doubt|le&s;s Epileptick Fits have their origine from an <HI>acid Spirit</HI> fermenting in the &s;mall Guts with the choler. Thus torturing Pains in any part of the Body that &s;ometimes ari&s;e like lightening on a &s;udden, or otherwi&s;e rack cruelly, yield a certain Argument
<PB N="772" REF="350"> that there is an acid Spirit &s;eparately in the Body that is very moveable and gnaws the &s;en&s;ible Parts. So rottenne&s;s of the Bones &s;hews that there is a too pure acid Spirit in the Body, which is clear from the intolerable Pains that often go before and which can only be deduced from acidity: Namely the acrimony ari&s;ing from a lixivial Salt abides more fixt in the &s;ame place, and &s;eems to burn the Part affected, while an acid Spirit is judged to hit, or tear, or perforate by repeated gnawings the Part that is &s;ei&s;ed upon by it. This conjecture of mine has been confirmed by &s;pittle that has &s;ome|times been &s;o acid, as to &s;et the Teeth on edge like other acids taken into the Mouth. The matter of acid Humours is &s;upplied to the Glands from the arterial Blood, wherein that there are acid Spirits is evinced both by its coagulation into clods when it is let out of the Ve&s;&s;els, and al&s;o by the corro|&s;ion and con&s;umption of the Bones that is made by the arterial Blood in an Aneori&s;m. <HI>The acrimony of an acid Spirit</HI> is temper'd chiefly by a <HI>volatil Spirit</HI> that &s;weetens the &s;ame being ea&s;ily united to it: Thus Spirit of Wine being cohobated with Spirit of Salt does &s;o lenifie the &s;ame, that it is then called &s;weet by Arti&s;ts. The &s;ame is temper'd by all &s;weet things, but the&s;e do more difficultly unite with it, if it were not for the lixivial Salt that is mixt with the fat. For as an <HI>acid</HI> and <HI>volatil Spirit</HI> are ea&s;ily joined throughly with one another, and an Oil is ea&s;ily mixed with a lixivial Salt: &s;o on the con|trary a volatil Spirit and lixivial Salt do more diffi|cultly combine together,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Di&s;put. Medic. vij. &sect; 43. &amp; &s;eqq.</NOTE> and the mo&s;t difficultly of all an acid Spirit and Oil. &para; Though all acri|mony &s;eem to produce a &s;en&s;e of heat in &s;en&s;ible Parts; yet from the cure there appears to be a different <HI>acrimony,</HI> one indeed joined with heat, and another de&s;titute of it. And &s;eeing we have not only di&s;cover'd two &s;orts of acrimony that are found in our Body, but be&s;ides from their conflux, becau&s;e of other things that are joined with them, a double efferve&s;cence is ob&s;erved to be produced, both an <HI>hot</HI> and al&s;o a <HI>cold,</HI> which are not only ma|nife&s;t to &s;en&s;e, and therefore di&s;tinct from one ano|ther, but yielding to different Remedies, and &s;o al&s;o differing from one another; It may de&s;ervedly be queried, what &s;ort of heat that is which u&s;es to accompany now and then (for in&s;tance) the flux of the Terms, whether that which has its ri&s;e only from an hot efferve&s;cence, or al&s;o from a cold? or whether from each acrimony offending without &s;uch an efferve&s;cence? By neglecting this que&s;tion and the clearing and determination hereof, we &s;hould undertake an Empirical, ra&s;h and often a pernicious cure: For &s;eeing the heat may be pro|duced from divers cau&s;es, it is al&s;o to be cured di|ver&s;ly according to the diver&s;ity of the cau&s;e. And if any object, that I have taught that <HI>both &s;orts of acrimony may be allay'd and temper'd by the &s;ame Medicines, both &s;pirituous,</HI> and <HI>oily,</HI> and <HI>watry,</HI> and that therefore it matters little what acrimony offend, &s;eeing the &s;ame Medicines are profitable in both ca&s;es: I an|&s;wer, that both &s;orts of acrimony are indeed tem|per'd by the &s;ame Medicines, but not alike quickly and powerfully, &s;eeing oily Medicines do both more ea&s;ily, and quickly and powerfully temper a lixivial Salt, as on the contrary &s;pirituous volatils an acid Spirit; &s;o that though all things that tem|per either &s;ort of acrimony are always admini&s;tred with Profit, and e&s;pecially when there want &s;igns that may demon&s;trate &s;ufficiently whether of them do primarily and chiefly offend; yet as often as it can be known which offends, it is better to u&s;e chiefly tho&s;e Remedies that are e&s;pecially condu|cible to the tempering of it: which as it is &s;ome|times known from concurring &s;igns and &s;ymptoms, &s;o it is frequently concluded from the different oper<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tion of the Medicine that is given, that is <HI>&agrave; ju|vantibus vel nocentibus</HI> (from helpers or hurters) accor|ding to the golden axiom of Practitioners. The heat therefore that is produced (for in&s;tance) from the men&s;truous Blood in the ways through which it is poured forth, has &s;ometimes, yea indeed often, its ri&s;e from an acid Humour that is in the Womb, and which comes forth with the Blood, whether it make <HI>none,</HI> or <HI>an hot efferve&s;cence</HI> therewith: If the acid Humour that is found preternaturally in the &s;ub&s;tance of the Womb, cau&s;e <HI>no efferve&s;cence</HI> with the men&s;truous Blood, there will rather be felt a trouble&s;om gnawing than a true heat in the Parts affected: But if the &s;ame acid juice do cau&s;e <HI>an hot efferve&s;cence</HI> with the men&s;truous Blood, then there will be rai&s;ed an heat, and often a redne&s;s al&s;o even in the extreme Parts: and both will be ob&s;er|ved, when the acid does either notably gnaw only, or al&s;o burns withal; but as often as the offending matter is more gentle, or more broken, then we cannot &s;o di&s;tinctly conclude in what regard the acrimony offends. I am therefore of opinion, that in the heat that accompanies the flux of the Terms an acid always offends,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Prax. l. 3. c. 3. &sect; 416. &amp; &s;eqq.</NOTE> whereto is &s;ometimes joined a more or le&s;s cholerick Blood, whence the &s;aid heat u&s;es to be diver&s;ly changed and felt. &para; <HI>An acid acrimony</HI> is temper'd by &s;everal <HI>oleous things,</HI> by Oil it &s;elf, any &s;ort of Milk, Broth of fle&s;h, e&s;pe|cially &s;uch as is fat, Emul&s;ions prepared of divers &s;orts of Seeds, e&s;pecially of &s;weet Almonds: More|over by &s;weet things, Sugar, Honey, Rai&s;ins, and &s;ometimes by &s;pirituous things, or others that con|centrate an acid, &s;uch as Corals, Perles. A lixivial, and aromatick acrimony, &s;uch as is in Pepper, Cloves, Rocket and the like, is temper'd by both the afore&s;aid oily and &s;weet things; yet 'tis &s;afer to ab&s;tain wholly or in a great mea&s;ure from them. A <HI>Salt acrimony,</HI> &s;uch as is in Sea and Pit &s;alt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Pra|xeos l. 1. c. 6. &sect; 11, 12, 13, &amp; 14. <HI>See more</HI> lib. 1. tit. de Aphthis.</NOTE> and mo&s;t &s;alted things, is wonderfully corrected by <HI>Lime</HI> made of burnt Flints or Shells, which no prudent Phy&s;ician will be any longer afraid of, but may be u&s;ed with very good &s;ucce&s;s for very many Di&s;ea|&s;es under the form of a Lye.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. We mu&s;t take great heed that in curing one offending Humour we hurt not another. For though it appear from Experience that the Medi|cines which are taken, act chiefly on the offending Humours, when they are mo&s;t proper for correcting them; yet it is al&s;o manife&s;t that the Medicines that are fit to alter &s;everal different Humours, do in &s;ome mea&s;ure al&s;o operate upon the Humours that do not offend, when they are either taken in too great a quantity at once, or for too long a con|tinuance. Though therefore there ari&s;e not always pre&s;ently any notable hurt from the u&s;e of &s;uch Medicines that are not in every re&s;pect accommo|dated to the offending Humours; yet the &s;ame &s;hews it &s;elf by degrees to &s;uch Phy&s;icians as are diligent ob&s;ervers of all the changes that happen to their Patients: which Phy&s;icians when they fore|&s;ee any thing that will hurt, do prudently provide for the &s;ame,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ap|pend. Tract. 6. &sect; 257, 258, 259.</NOTE> and change tho&s;e Medicines from which they &s;ee not plainly that their propo&s;ed &s;cope is to be hoped.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. <HI>Both efferve&s;cence</HI> being vitiated in the &s;mall Guts and Heart, and being joined with a trouble|&s;om heat, is bridled and reduced to a moderate and temperate degree, partly by <HI>acid</HI> and <HI>&s;owr</HI> Medi|cines, e&s;pecially being joined with <HI>Opiats,</HI> to which doubtle&s;s the <HI>fixed Sulphurs of Minerals</HI> and <HI>Metals</HI> are to be preferred; which if any one cannot have in an excellent perfect degree, let him at lea&s;t endea|vour to make them &s;weet, &s;uch as will neither pro|voke Vomit nor Stool. For tho&s;e Sulphurs, &s;o long as they are volatil and combu&s;tible, u&s;e to provoke Vomit and Stool, which in this ca&s;e is hurtful, namely when we have a mind to bridle a too great efferve&s;cence, and to reduce it to a laudable medio|crity: for the Humours are di&s;turbed by all Pur|gers, and the efferve&s;cence promoted and not re|&s;trained. Now for want of &s;uch <HI>Sulphurs</HI> as are &s;uffi|ciently fixt, we may &s;ucce&s;sfully u&s;e <HI>Opiats</HI> joined
<PB N="773" REF="350"> with acid and &s;owr Medicines: whence on this account the extract of <HI>Opium</HI> with di&s;tilled Vinegar, is better than that made with Spirit of Wine, &s;eeing by &s;uch Preparation it is fitted for tempering the too great efferve&s;cence of the Blood. The &s;ame efferve&s;cence is much bridled by an emul|&s;ion of <HI>Barley,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ap|pend. Tract. x. Sect. 7, 8.</NOTE> of <HI>white Poppy Seeds,</HI> yea of <HI>&s;weet Almonds.</HI></P>
<P N="55">LV. The <HI>Pancreatick juice</HI> abounding too much in the Body indicates its diminution, and that by Stool. Where note, that &s;eeing it is naturally &s;ub|acid, it is good to prepare it a little fir&s;t for the more ea&s;ie carrying of it forth, by further tem|pering its acidity and in a &s;ort concentrating of it, which is be&s;t done by volatil Salts and afterwards u&s;ing Hydragogues, &s;eeing the liquor is of it &s;elf thin enough, clear and &s;ubacid, and therefore coming neare&s;t the con&s;i&s;tence of <HI>Serum,</HI> though now and then it become preternaturally glutinous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Meth. Med. l. 1. c. 16.</NOTE> and &s;o incline more to the nature of Phlegm.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. Seeing all the Humours ought to be fluid, they offend variou&s;ly, as often as they <HI>lo&s;e</HI> that <HI>flu|idity</HI> either <HI>in whole</HI> or <HI>in part,</HI> or have it <HI>more</HI> than they <HI>u&s;e</HI> or <HI>ought</HI> to have it. The <HI>Blood</HI> lo&s;es its flui|dity wholly, when it <HI>curdles</HI> and <HI>coagulates into clods:</HI> and this is done either by the <HI>external cold</HI> of the Air, Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or by eating or drinking <HI>acid</HI> and <HI>&s;owr</HI> things e&s;pecially, or glutinous or earthy, al&s;o by <HI>&s;adne&s;s of mind,</HI> or <HI>affrightment,</HI> or by <HI>&s;luggi&s;hne&s;s</HI> and <HI>re&s;t of the Body;</HI> or la&s;tly by too much <HI>&s;leep.</HI> Now ac|cording to the diver&s;ity of the cau&s;e is the <HI>dimini&s;hed fluidity</HI> of the <HI>Blood</HI> to be cured diver&s;ly: for when its fluidity is dimini&s;hed from the <HI>external cold of the Air or Water,</HI> then not only <HI>It</HI> is to be re&s;tored, but al&s;o the dimini&s;hing cau&s;e is to be expelled forth by the &s;ame way it came in: Thus be&s;ides <HI>volatil Salts,</HI> and <HI>divers</HI> things derived from <HI>Animals,</HI> as <HI>Crabs eyes, Mummy, Sperma ceti,</HI> &amp;c. the more grateful and acrimonious aromatick Plants are likewi&s;e good, e&s;pecially &s;uch as may at the &s;ame time drive forth Sweat, and therewith al&s;o the mi&s;chief induced by the Air. When it is coagulated more than u&s;ual by acid things taken inwardly, let &s;uch things be u&s;ed as both infringe, concentrate and enervate an <HI>acid,</HI> and al&s;o di&s;&s;olve the coagulation it &s;elf, and &s;o make the Blood fluid again. Things <HI>infringing the force of an acid</HI> are Chalk, Corals, Crabs eyes, Perles, <HI>&amp;c. Aromaticks</HI> make the <HI>coagulated Blood</HI> fluid: <HI>Volatil Salts</HI> do both. When the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood is increa&s;ed and its fluidity le&s;&s;en'd by <HI>au&s;tere</HI> or &s;owr things, it is harder to re&s;tore; but no Re|medies that are commended by any for this, can be compared with <HI>volatil Salts,</HI> as both powerfully correcting <HI>au&s;terity,</HI> and happily taking away and curing the hurtful effect thereof: add, that mo&s;t things that are received into u&s;e are derived from Animals, and contain much Salt: Hither are to be referred the more <HI>gentle Aromaticks.</HI> When the Blood is not fluid enough through the abu&s;e of <HI>glutinous</HI> things, things profiting are 1. <HI>Spirituous acids;</HI> 2. The more acrimonious Aromaticks; 3. Pickles and Medicines prepared of a mixture of both; 4. Vo|latil Salts. When the con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood is increa&s;ed from <HI>earthy</HI> things u&s;ed ami&s;s in the <HI>Green &s;ickne&s;s,</HI> it very difficultly and that but &s;lowly yields even to the be&s;t Remedies: for which purpo&s;e I have hitherto found <HI>volatil Salts</HI> the be&s;t. When the Blood is made le&s;s fluid through <HI>&s;adne&s;s of mind</HI> or &s;ome great <HI>fright,</HI> then both the mind is to be com|forted and confirmed, and the fault that is intro|duced upon the Blood, amended; which becau&s;e it is like to that which is cau&s;ed by &s;owr things, is to be corrected with the &s;ame. If from <HI>too much re&s;t of the Body</HI> the Blood be made more &s;luggi&s;h in its motion, that mi&s;chief will be repaired by the <HI>motion of the Body:</HI> When from <HI>too much &s;leep,</HI> it will be corre|cted by waking longer;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m Meth. Med. l. 2.</NOTE> if &s;o be the&s;e changes, <HI>viz.</HI> of the motion of the Body and waking, be made by degrees, not all of a &s;udden,</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Purgation.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>One may Purge when there is neither concoction nor turge&s;cence of the Humours. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What is to be under&s;tood by <HI>Concoction. II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A perfect one is not always to be tarried for. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t take heed how we Purge when there are &s;igns of Con|coction pre&s;ent. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What an <HI>orga&s;m</HI> or turgency of Humours is. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold Humours are &s;ometimes turgent. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>turgent</HI> Humours are always to be Purged. <HI>VII-</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t Purge in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to know the time when to give a <HI>Minorative. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging is not nece&s;&s;ary in all Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;tinction of the Regions of the Body. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging evacuates <HI>extrava&s;ated</HI> Humours. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All <HI>internal Inflammation</HI> hinders it not. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the &s;ame &s;trength of the Faculties be required to Purging, as is required to Bleeding. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An indication for Purging is taken from the <HI>condition of the Urine. XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what time of the Di&s;ea&s;e to Purge. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not to be deferr'd when there appear &s;igns of concoction. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Humours are ea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lie&s;t expelled by Stool, and which by Sweat and &V;rine. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the <HI>Melancolick Humour</HI> &s;o called, is to be Purged. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;alt Humour is pre&s;ently to be expelled. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How acrimonious cholerick Humours are to be Purged. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes a critical evacuation is to be prevented. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Choler</HI> is not to be wholly evacuated, &s;eeing it is a profitable Humour. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is to be Purged, and we fear a <HI>cholera, diar|rhoea,</HI> &amp;c. Medicines are to be given in a &s;mall do&s;e. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pills</HI> with <HI>Gums</HI> are mo&s;t profitable for the Purging of tough Phlegm. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>acid Humours</HI> are to be Purged. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what &s;ea&s;on of the year thick or thin Humours are to be Purged. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Purge on Critical days. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may Purge in the Dog days. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the A&s;pects of the Moon be to be ob&s;erved. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The ri&s;e not only of the Dog-Star, but of other Stars al&s;o is to be heeded. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pre&s;ervative Purgation is to be performed in the wane of the Moon. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what &s;tate of the Moon are the more fixed Humours to be Purged? <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Planets being in conjunction with the Moon render Purging difficult. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;tate of the Moon is to be noted with re&s;pect to the condi|tion of the Humours. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The con&s;ideration of the Stars has only place in prevention. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t rather Purge in the wane of the Moon than in the in|crea&s;e. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to know whether a man is ea&s;ie or hard to Purge. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mild Purges being repeated are better than one &s;trong one. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Purging Medicine that works not is hurtful. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not ha&s;ten to Purge without preparing the Body. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some bear Purging ea&s;ily, others not &s;o well. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Redundance or overflowing of Excrements &s;ometimes hinders Purging. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When both Vomiting and Purging are nece&s;&s;ary, with which mu&s;t we begin? <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If we mu&s;t Purge <HI>per Epicra&s;in,</HI> it mu&s;t be done without in|termi&s;&s;ion. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="774" REF="351">
<ITEM>When the Humours are crude, Lenitives only have place. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The heavine&s;s of the Body &s;hews Purgation to be nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may Purge in the augment, and every part of the &s;tate in Chronical Di&s;tempers. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may Purge and Bleed both in a day. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not lightly Purge in flatulent Di&s;tempers. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The conjunction of Purgers with Narcoticks <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bring mixt with hydroticks they work well. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They may be mixed with Lenitives. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whence Purging is &s;ometimes hindred. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgation by infu&s;ory Surgery. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgation cau&s;ed by Copulation. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The frequent u&s;e of Purgers is hurtful. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Drine&s;s of the <HI>faeces</HI> hinders it. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Purger is not always to be given on an empty Stomach, but &s;ometimes a little while after Meat. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some mu&s;t take Purgers with Meat. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fa&s;ting ought not always to go before Purging. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Cl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ter may be profitably injected after a Purge. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Medicines are better for Phlegm, and Antimonial for Choler. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis hard to gue&s;s at the fitte&s;t time to give a Purge. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not Purge while a Pain rages. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Women with Child are better Purged by Pills taken before meat, than by Medicines in any other form. <HI>LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purges are to be &s;uited to the Temperament. <HI>LXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where there are both Phlegm and Choler, which is to be Purged fir&s;t. <HI>LXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The hurt of un&s;ea&s;onable Purging. <HI>LXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A compound Purge &s;hould con&s;i&s;t of &s;uch things as will work at the &s;ame time. <HI>LXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Strong Purgers are offen&s;ive to the Stomach. <HI>LXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Body be to be moved for furthering of Purgation. <HI>LXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgative Potions to be given cold. <HI>LXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether cold Drink be to be drunk after a Purge. <HI>LXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not feed over freely after Purging. <HI>LXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to allay a <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> upon taking a Purging Medicine. <HI>LXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t omit dinner that day we Purge. <HI>LXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may drink Broth or Gruel upon the Medicine. <HI>LXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Broth ought to be without &s;alt. <HI>LXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may &s;leep after having taken a Purge. <HI>LXXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;ign of perfect Purgation. <HI>LXXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When one has taken too &s;trong a Purge, 'tis profitable to drink a good quantity of cold water ha&s;tily, and to vomit it up again pre&s;ently. <HI>LXXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t not Purge by Stool for prevention, according to <HI>Hip|pocrates. LXXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Often Purging is hurtful in Chronical Di&s;tempers. <HI>LXXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the drine&s;s of the Belly that is u&s;ual after Purging may be corrected. <HI>LXXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What kind of Purgers &s;uit the Melancholick and Phlegmatick. <HI>LXXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Purge works not, how its operation may be promoted. <HI>LXXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t Per&s;ons ought to be Purged in a &s;tate of health. <HI>LXXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The con&s;ideration of the Belly intimates who can endure Purging well or difficultly. <HI>LXXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Medicines that are of very thin Parts are not to be added to com|pound Purges. <HI>XC.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Vomiting is be&s;t, and when Purging by Stool in Winter and Summer. <HI>XCI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Simple Purges are to be preferred before compound. <HI>XCII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Treacle</HI> be good for a &s;uperpurgation. <HI>XCIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Clarified Potions. <HI>XCIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what Per&s;ons Pills are more proper. <HI>XCV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pills made with Gums Purge glutinous Humours very well. <HI>XCVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aloes</HI> may be omitted in Pills. <HI>XCVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgers attract not determinate Humours. <HI>XCVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Seeing they attract not electively, why is there a choice made of them? <HI>XCIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the vertue of Purgers is to be drawn forth? <HI>C.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many Purgers ought to be turned out of that order. <HI>CI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;mall quantity of Purgers being mixt with Aperients Purgeth not, but a&s;&s;i&s;ts the vertue of the&s;e. <HI>CII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Metallick Purgers are hardly u&s;ed &s;afely for prevention. <HI>CIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vegetables need not much Chymical preparation. <HI>CIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>After taking a re&s;inous Purger, we mu&s;t drink nothing that is cold. <HI>CV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Fermentation of Purgers varies their Do&s;e and Vertues: See <HI>Purgers,</HI> &sect; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whereupon the vertue of Purgers depends, and by what things it is dulled. <HI>CVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgers do not always hurt when they do not operate by Stool. <HI>CVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgation of Choler is to be made in the Spring for prevention. <HI>CVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> being added to Purgers in|crea&s;es their vertue. <HI>CIX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme que&s;tion whether Purging ever do good <HI>before Concoction,</HI> and <HI>without turge&s;cence?</HI> I have found by Experience that it does &s;o &s;ometimes, and there is rea&s;on why it may. For if it be certain that &s;ymptomatical evacuations are &s;ometimes profitable, Purging before concoction may al&s;o happen to be &s;o. For if there be a time when Nature her &s;elf, without any external provoker, does profitably expel things unconcocted; there may be a time al&s;o when &s;he may be benefited with helping her by a provocative to do that which otherwhiles &s;he does of her own accord: And if &s;he can profitably evacuate without help, &s;he may evacuate more pro|fitably when a&s;&s;i&s;ted by the help of Art; for no|thing can hinder Purging before Concoction, that does not al&s;o, and far more oppo&s;e &s;ymptomatical evacuation. But when be&s;ides want of Concoction or turge&s;cence, there are pre&s;ent all other condi|tions that may di&s;&s;wade from Purging, then ab|&s;taining wholly from it, if I may not let Blood, I will however provide for the faculty, and u&s;e only Cly&s;ters and Suppo&s;itories. But if, though there be neither Concoction nor turge&s;cence, yet other conditions do not wholly deterr me, I will venture to Purge for urgency, and that by &s;o much the more confidently, by how much the conditions that in|vite &s;hall be the more numerous; for this is indica|ted, if the evacuation may profit and not hurt, which it is the part of an Arti&s;t to find out. Now by what conditions one may know whether this or that Per&s;on are to be Purged at this time, I &s;hall endeavour from Rea&s;on and Experience to &s;hew. A &s;pecial condition that permits Purgation is, if the Hypochondres be quite free of a Phlegmon; for if any one &s;hall endeavour to remedy an inflamed Part by Purging, he &s;hall take nothing of that away which is inflamed, but &s;hall increa&s;e the Phlegmon, cau&s;e a colliquation, and &s;o procure Death. More|over a moderate Fever permits it; but if a Purge be given in a very high burning Fever, the hot fle&s;h attracts it, and &s;o nothing is evacuated, but the Fever and Cacochymie is increa&s;ed: But a prin|cipal thing that hinders, is the heat of the Head and &s;piritual Parts; becau&s;e the&s;e Parts when they are hot, are apt to draw all things to them&s;elves, and to ab&s;orb what the Medicine &s;tirs: Drine&s;s of the Belly or co&s;tivene&s;s al&s;o hinder; becau&s;e this indicates that the Humours incline &s;ome other way, and 'tis to be feared that when they are moved and not evacuated, but &s;natcht &s;ome other way, they prove a cau&s;e of greater mi&s;chief. 'Tis al&s;o of very great moment to con&s;ider the nature of a man; for &s;ome are ea&s;ie to Purge, and that without any Symptoms or Mi&s;chief, Purge them when you will: Some are &s;o hard, that though they be Purged in the fitte&s;t Sea&s;on, they are &s;ei&s;ed upon by horrible Symptoms, and are manife&s;tly wor&s;e afterwards. When the&s;e conditions that hinder are two or more of them pre&s;ent, we mu&s;t rather put it to the hazard than Purge: But if the Patient be one of tho&s;e that are ea&s;ie to Purge, and be &s;ick of a Pu|trid Fever, with &s;ome &s;u&s;picion of Malignity, if he have been let Blood &s;ufficiently, and the Humours be not turgent indeed and wandring up and down,
<PB N="775" REF="351"> nor yet altogether quiet, but fu&s;ed as it were and tending towards the Belly, which is &s;hewn by a rumbling in the Hypochondres or loo&s;e Stools, two or three in a day (for this is no &s;mall invitation to Purge) if the Hypochondres them&s;elves be loo&s;e and not hot to any con&s;iderable degree, nor the fle&s;h burn through the whole habit of the Body; if there be felt no great heat in the Head or Brea&s;t when one lays his hand thereon, but the Fever that is, is di&s;per&s;ed equally all over the Body, or in|cline to the lower Parts; in the&s;e ca&s;es, though there be no concoction as yet, I will give a Purging Medicine, becau&s;e that which is pre&s;ent does not very much hinder, and that which is feared, is ur|gent; and the indication of urgency is the fir&s;t of all. But if there &s;eem to be any Inflammation or Phlegmon lying hid in the Belly, though I fear a Cacochymie, I will not give a Purge, I will rather venture, even though the faculty be doubtful, to let more Blood than I had thought for: I will do the like, if the Brea&s;t or Head, or all the fle&s;h burn vehemently, unle&s;s there be great de&s;pair of the faculty; for if there be, I will moi&s;ten the Head with Vinegar of Ro&s;es, the Brea&s;t or even all the Body over with Water and Oyl, and will give cold things to drink. So if he I am a &s;peaking of be very co&s;tive, I will refrain Purging, though I fear the nature of the Humours, till I have fir&s;t a little &s;oftened the Belly with mollifying Cly&s;ters (for acrimonious ones are not good for this pur|po&s;e, becau&s;e they have the hurt of Purgers in them, and rather dry the Belly) and the u&s;e of light Meats, as &s;tew'd Prunes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But it is mani|fe&s;t that if two or more of the afore&s;aid things hin|der, we mu&s;t take a cour&s;e with them before we Purge, and that together, if we can, as if both the Head burn and the Belly be dry, the Belly mu&s;t be &s;oftened and the Head cooled by irrigation at the &s;ame time. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e do not at all yield to the&s;e Remedies, but the concour&s;e of Symptoms continue, and there be no urgent cau&s;e, we mu&s;t not Purge, for if we do, the Patient will on the &s;ame day be taken with light-headedne&s;s and convul&s;ion, and, it may be, die to the great infamy of the Phy&s;ician: We mu&s;t therefore do a|ny thing rather. There are many things in this Art,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 4. c. 2.</NOTE> wherein for urgencies &s;ake, it is an art to de|part from Art, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. Many keep a great pother about expounding <HI>Aphor.</HI> 22. 1. and 29. 2. <HI>Things concocted are to be purged forth, and not crude,</HI> &amp;c. But in my opinion the mat|ter is not &s;o ab&s;tru&s;e: for I think that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> under&s;tood nothing el&s;e by <HI>things concocted,</HI> but &s;uch things as may be &s;eparated from the ma&s;s of Blood: And in the other aphori&s;m, by the words [If any thing be to be moved, move it in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;es] I think he means that we &s;hould purge pre&s;ently after the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, before the vitious Humours, by means of the perpetual motion of the Heart, be confu&s;ed and mixt with the whole ma&s;s of Blood. For if we plea&s;e to con&s;ider this matter further, we &s;ee that Humours may then be &s;eparated, 1. when they are overcome by Nature: 2. when &s;ome vitious matter &s;ticking &s;omewhere in the Body, is not as yet con&s;ounded with the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus Meth. Med. p. 35.</NOTE> as I have &s;aid: 3. when by due helps we a&s;&s;i&s;t Nature that is endea|vouring to attenuate and conquer the Humours.</P>
<P N="3">III. A concoction of the Humours is not always to be tarried for, nor is their preparation always to be premi&s;ed before we will purge the Body: for when the matter is moveable, prepared for ex|cretion, ebullient or turgent, what need is there of dige&s;tives? and one Purge does generally le&s;s offend the Stomach than &s;o often repeated dige&s;tive potions, that di&s;&s;olve and taint the Stomach, &s;o that crudities being thereupon increa&s;ed, there is a greater afflux to the joints (he is &s;peaking of the Gout.) Add hereto that while we are bu&s;ied with dige&s;tives, the pains increa&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. l. de Arthrit. <HI>See</HI> Zacut. Pr. hi&s;t. l. 4. c. 16.</NOTE> the &s;trength decrea|&s;es, time is lo&s;t, and there is not always place for purgation afterward.</P>
<P N="4">IV. I affirm that Purges may be &s;ometimes given without concoction becau&s;e of urgency; but yet not unle&s;s there be &s;ome &s;ignification that the Hu|mour is inclining towards the Belly, or at lea&s;t that it is not very aver&s;e from that way; &s;eeing <HI>Hippocrates</HI> requires that in tho&s;e purgations that are to be made in the beginning, and while the Hu|mour is not as yet concocted, there &s;hould at lea&s;t be pre&s;ent a rumbling in the Hypochondres: I am of opinion that any vergency may &s;erve in&s;tead of &s;uch rumbling, as if the Belly be loo&s;e and moi&s;t. But if be&s;ides that there is no &s;ign of concoction, the lower evacuations be very much &s;uppre&s;t, and the Humours &s;natched &s;ome other way, the great|er the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eems, the le&s;s dare I give a Purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. 5. Epid. p. m. 875.</NOTE> becau&s;e it &s;eems more certainly to happen that the man will die with madne&s;s and convul&s;ion, or internal Inflammation and the extreme parts cold.</P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays that crude things are not to be purged, but concocted, nor in the beginning unle&s;s they be turgent. <HI>Galen in comm.</HI> explains the word <GAP DESC="foreign">, and &s;ays it is tran&s;lated from Animals that are excited to venery, unto the Humours: 'tis likely that the Humours are not only turgent, or moved up and down the Body, but that there is moreover an impul&s;e of irritated Nature. Nor are the Humours to be thought then only to be tur|gent, when they are moved this way and that way reciprocally, in a wandring manner, with fear of ru&s;hing into &s;ome principal part; but al&s;o when they incline to a certain more ignoble part that is de&s;tin'd for evacuation, to wit, the Stomach and Guts, &amp; wor&s;hipping upon their Knees as it were, implore the Phy&s;icians help, intimating by a dumb voice, either by &s;welling and elevation of the Bo|dy, or by the rumbling thereof, that &s;he is burthen|ed and pre&s;&s;ed with a trouble&s;ome load. If &s;uch things happen in continual and burning Fevers,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>See</HI> Valle&s;. in comm. Rolfinc. lib. de febr. c. 87.</NOTE> e&s;|pecially in the beginning, while there appear as yet no &s;igns of concoction, we may purge by the ex|ample of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 7. <HI>Epid. t.</HI> 178.</P>
<P>&para; <HI>P. Martianus comm. in aph.</HI> 22. 1. does not explain the word <HI>orga&s;mus</HI> by <HI>a wandring and uncertain motion of the Humours,</HI> for this rea&s;on, becau&s;e upon giving a Purge at that time they are &s;tirred up more, with danger, that they will rather fall upon &s;ome part than be excluded out of the Body. Which opini|on is the more likely, becau&s;e it is ob&s;erved by the be&s;t Practitioners, that &s;uch unruly motion of the Humours is rather allayed by Bleeding than purg|ing. See the title <HI>de Sang. mi&s;s.</HI> above, and <HI>Pharos medicorum</HI> l. 4. &sect; 29. But hear <HI>Martian</HI> upon the word <HI>turgeat:</HI> Whether you refer it to the Body, or the Humours, the di&s;po&s;ition of the Humours is intimated, whereby, &s;eeing they are fixed in no part of the Body, they yield a &s;ignification con|cerning them&s;elves &s;ometimes in one part and &s;ome|times in another: But the name of orga&s;m is not, I think, derived, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;uppo&s;es, from the Hu|mour's being often moved to and again through the Body, like animals that are incited to copula|tion; becau&s;e, though it be granted that <GAP DESC="foreign"> is borrowed from animals excited to copulation; yet it is not upon the account as they are moved this way and that way, but becau&s;e their <HI>pudenda</HI> are turgent; which <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> hath noted <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>de hi|&s;tor. animal. c.</HI> 18. which word <HI>Theophra&s;tus</HI> u&s;ed 1. <HI>de cau&s;. plantarum,</HI> to &s;hew the time when Plants begin to bud, &s;aying that <HI>ip&s;is gemmae turgent,</HI> their Buds grow turgent, and yet the Plants are not moved up and down: in which &s;en&s;e <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o u&s;ed it <HI>lib. de fract. com.</HI> 3. <HI>t.</HI> 18. and <HI>lib. de nat. pueri n.</HI> 20. Yea it hardly &s;eems &s;afe to irritate by a Medicine the Humours when they are in a di&s;turbance in the Body, and are moved up and down, to this and the other part: for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>de morbis</HI> blaming tho&s;e
<PB N="776" REF="352"> Phy&s;icians for the death of their Patients that gave Purges upon odd days, brought this for a rea&s;on, that on that day the Humour is di&s;turbed in the Body: for, &s;aid he, if any do by a Purger yet more di&s;turb the Humour that is already un|quiet, no wonder that a man dies thereby: which danger though at length it be removed, yet pur|ging in that ca&s;e is rendred very doubtful; for as often as the Humours are di&s;turbed in the &s;aid manner, &s;eeing it cannot appear to the Phy&s;ician to what part they will bend their force when the Purge begins to work, he can neither make choice of the way by which (according to the precept, <HI>whither Nature bends</HI>) evacuation ought to be made, nor pre&s;cribe a convenient do&s;e of it, becau&s;e 'tis requi&s;ite the Purge be &s;tronger when the Humours are revelled to a contrary part, than while their own inclination is yielded to. Wherefore I think the name of <HI>turgency</HI> rather agrees to them, becau&s;e when the Humours are not fixed in a part, they &s;ignifie them&s;elves to be &s;omewhere, and the Pati|ents feel a certain &s;en&s;e of <HI>turgency</HI> in that part, as if it were truly &s;welled. And this is often ob&s;erved in practice; for when Patients feel that &s;en&s;e, they do of their own accord de&s;ire a Purge of the Phy|&s;ician. From this opinion therefore that Patients have of <HI>turgency,</HI> is this word tran&s;lated to all tho&s;e in whom the Humours are not fixed, &s;o that they may be ea&s;ily drawn forth by the Medicine, and herein we agree with <HI>Galen</HI>'s interpretation: for when there is this facility of purgation, though there be pre&s;ent tokens of crudity, yet purgation is not hindred, but, if it &s;eem otherwi&s;e nece&s;&s;ary, it may be attempted.</P>
<P>The &s;ame facility of purgation <HI>Hippocrates</HI> thought nece&s;&s;ary in Women with Child, le&s;t the diffi|culty thereof &s;hould become de&s;tructive either to the child or mother or both. And therefore 4. <HI>aph.</HI> 1. <HI>Women with Child are to be Phy&s;ick'd from the fifth to the &s;eventh month, if there be turgency:</HI> Now if this <HI>turgency</HI> threatned the afore&s;aid danger, we &s;hould purge not only in tho&s;e months, but in others al|&s;o, becau&s;e when a great danger is imminent, 'tis better to try an uncertain Remedy than none. La&s;tly, 'tis nece&s;&s;ary there &s;hould be a facility of purgation, when the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e re|quires it, and the Faculties of the Patient are not altogether firm: Therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>de morb. mul. v.</HI> 232. in the cure of a certain Di&s;ea&s;e having its ri&s;e from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia</HI> in a Child-bed Woman, dur&s;t not pre&s;cribe purging without <HI>turgency&punc;</HI> for there he &s;ays. <HI>If &s;he have not her purga|tion, her Belly-&s;wells, as al&s;o her Spleen and Thighs, and &s;he has a Fever: her pul&s;e is weak, and &s;ometimes acute, and &s;ometimes it is high, and &s;ometimes fails: thus it is in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e; and in proce&s;s of time &s;ee whether the parts of the face grow red: when it is thus, give light Meat, and if there be turgency, give her a Purge,</HI> &amp;c. As often therefore as the difficulty of purgati|on may bring &s;ome great inconvenience, turgency is required to make the purgation the more ea&s;ie, but otherwi&s;e not.</P>
<P N="6">VI. But we mu&s;t con&s;ider that Nature may be <HI>turgent,</HI> when &s;he is provoked not only by hot, thin and malignant Humours, but al&s;o when by many and cold: as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> teaches <HI>l. de morb. mul.</HI> who rehear&s;es that a Woman may <HI>turgere</HI> through plenty of phlegmatick Humours: whereby it comes to pa&s;s that Nature often begins divers evacuations, and cea&s;es by and by from her undertaking, and be|ing weak and unable, de&s;ires and points to help; whereby, notwith&s;tanding, inexorable Phy&s;icians are not moved, but only condemn them as &s;ymptoma|tical, and foretel the future danger, but do not at all prevent it; whereas <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath often advi&s;ed, that we mu&s;t draw that way whither Nature bends:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Merc. de Praef l. 1. c. 6.</NOTE> which opinion, be&s;ides &s;hewing of the place that is fit for evacuation, in&s;inuates al&s;o what Na|ture, who is the Mi&s;tre&s;s of Phy&s;icians, would have to be d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ne.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Whether <HI>turgent Humours</HI> be always to be purged off, <HI>Cardan</HI> doubts (<HI>contr. l.</HI> 1. <HI>tr.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>cont.</HI> 14.) becau&s;e many things hinder &s;uch purging, <HI>viz.</HI> con|tinual crudity, the u&s;e of thick and clammy Meats, ob&s;truction, ten&s;ion of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> heat and infla|tion of the Hypochondres, Inflammation of the <HI>vi&s;|cera:</HI> in which ca&s;es it is unlawful to purge without previous preparation, according to <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 24. yet this opinion is repugnant to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> who command to purge a turgent Humour pre|&s;ently without concoction; becau&s;e the putting off purging, portends danger to life, and then all hope of &s;afety is placed in ha&s;tening of purging. Indeed when there are many crude Humours in the fir&s;t ways, and the other propo&s;ed impediments are pre&s;ent, we mu&s;t purge with great premeditation: yet if the Di&s;ea&s;e be very urgent, it is better to u&s;e that Remedy, than to ca&s;t the Patient into dan|ger of his life; for the harm that may be feared from Purgers, is to be preferred before death, as <HI>Galen</HI> commands 12. <HI>meth.</HI> 1.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Hippocrates aph.</HI> 22. 1. &s;ays, that <HI>crude</HI> Hu|mours are by no means to be purged, nor mu&s;t we purge <HI>in principiis,</HI> in the beginnings: which is &s;o to be expounded, not as if he excluded the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es as the unfitte&s;t time for purging, as the common opinion is; becau&s;e this is &s;o far from be|ing <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s opinion, that he taught the clean contrary both by doctrine and examples. That <HI>aphori&s;m</HI> is well known, <HI>In the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es if any thing be to be moved, move it then: for when they are come to the height, 'tis better to be quiet:</HI> and he a&s;&s;igns a rea&s;on, <HI>for about the beginning and end all Symptoms are weaker, but in the vigor more &s;trong.</HI> And &s;peaking more peculiarly of purging (<HI>lib. de affect. ver&s;.</HI> 29.) <HI>Con|cerning the &s;ick we mu&s;t con&s;ider pre&s;ently in the beginning, what thing they have need of, and what &s;uch things they are, as whether they &s;hould be purged, or you will do &s;ome other thing you have a mind to. But if omitting the beginning, when the Di&s;ea&s;e comes towards an end you give a Purge, the Body being now weakened, (perhaps being afraid to give any before) 'tis to be feared you will rather fail than have &s;ucce&s;s.</HI> From whence we may conclude, that Purg|ing is not only not forbid in the beginning, but of the two times wherein 'tis only permitted, I mean in the beginning and declination, the former is far to be preferr'd. And <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf was &s;o ob&s;ervant of this document, to purge in the beginning, that you will hardly find that he purg|ed in acute Di&s;ea&s;es when the beginning was over. Thus 4. <HI>acut.</HI> he bids us purge on the 4th day in a burning Fever; and after he &s;ays that it is to be done before the fifth. In the &s;ame place he ap|points purging on the fourth day in the cure of a Pleuri&s;ie. In 3. <HI>de morb.</HI> he &s;ays that in a Peripneu|mony we mu&s;t purge on the fir&s;t, fourth and fifth days: In <HI>l. de affect. v.</HI> 267. in a bilious Fever he chu&s;es the 3d. or fourth day for purging; at which time he had order'd it a little before in the cure of a continual Fever. And 3. <HI>de morbis,</HI> in a Pleuri&s;ie he orders the Patient to be purged before he begin to &s;pit thick Phlegm. Now by the word <HI>beginning</HI> we under&s;tand not the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but all that time that is di&s;tingui&s;hed from the vi|gor, and from the declination: for this was the divi&s;ion of the times of Di&s;ea&s;es that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed, as we may gather from &s;undry places; but he &s;ig|nifies it to us mo&s;t plainly in that <HI>aph. In the beginning of Di&s;ea&s;es if any thing be to be moved, move it then; but when they are at the height, 'tis better to be quiet: for about the beginning and end all Symptoms are weaker, but in the vigour more &s;trong.</HI> Wherefore in &s;uch acute Di|&s;ea&s;es as are not very &s;peedily moved, the be|ginning is &s;ometimes extended to the &s;eventh day, &s;o that a purge may be given even on the &s;ixth. And this I would note, le&s;t any, becau&s;e <HI>Hippocrates</HI> has &s;o celebrated purgation in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;hould think that a Purge is to be given pre&s;ently at the beginning, which I &s;ee many do,
<PB N="777" REF="352"> who at the fir&s;t vi&s;it forthwith pre&s;cribe a Purge to their Patient, often before they can have any knowledge concerning the Nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e: from which importune way of cure many mi&s;chiefs u&s;e to proceed, that afterwards manife&s;t the errour of the Phy&s;ician, while the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hews its &s;elf to be of the Nature of tho&s;e that admit not of purging before Bleeding, a catalogue whereof <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> makes, 4. <HI>acut. v.</HI> 28. If &s;uch were under the Law of the <HI>Aegyptians,</HI> they would often be call'd in que&s;tion for their over ha&s;ty purging. Which dan|ger that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elf might avoid, he dur&s;t never (except in &s;udden and the mo&s;t grievous Di&s;ea&s;es) give a Purge till three days at lea&s;t of the Di&s;ea&s;e were over, as appears from the above-cited places. Yea 4. <HI>Acut. comm.</HI> 4. concerning the cure of a burn|ing Fever he &s;peaks thus: <HI>If it &s;eem convenient to purge, do it not within three days, but on the fourth.</HI> Seeing there|fore Purging was &s;o familiar with <HI>Hippocrates</HI> about the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es, we cannot &s;ay, that in this <HI>aphor.</HI> he would exclude the beginning of Di|&s;ea&s;es principally from purging, when he &s;aid, <HI>Nor in the beginning;</HI> but that he meant, that even this time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in dict. aphor.</NOTE> that otherwi&s;e is the fitte&s;t of all for purging, is inconvenient when&s;oever there appear &s;igns of crudity.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Then may we give a <HI>minorative purge</HI> in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e, when the pul&s;es con&s;i&s;t of great and &s;mall ones, or when there is an inequali|ty of them:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Pr.</NOTE> than which there is no &s;ign more cer|tain that the faculties are loaded.</P>
<P N="10">X. At this day we ob&s;erve purging to be much abu&s;ed, and that there are infinite errours commit|ted in it, while &s;ome think that the cure of no di|&s;ea&s;es is to be undertaken or performed without the u&s;e of Purgers, and that the health of the Sick is placed in often repeating the&s;e, without premi|&s;ing any appropriate Dige&s;ters, Re&s;olvers or Open|ers. And &s;o it happens by the undue admini&s;tration and repetition hereof, no regard being had to the Faculties, that Di&s;ea&s;es are rendred long, the Spi|rits exhau&s;ted, the Appetite dejected and crudities increa&s;ed, from whence proceed a thou&s;and mi&s;|chiefs, as <HI>Valle&s;ius l.</HI> 7. <HI>Ep.</HI> rightly admoni&s;hes us. <HI>Galen (l.</HI> 1. <HI>de hum. &s;.</HI> 1. <HI>com.</HI> 12.) taxes the&s;e incon|&s;iderate attempts in the Phy&s;icians of his time al&s;o, that they were only &s;olicitous about evacuating the Humour, without any con&s;ideration had of the &s;trengthning of the Parts: for thus he &s;ays, <HI>Whence we may &s;ee a common Errour of Phy&s;icians which is generally committed in mo&s;t Di&s;ea&s;es: for they evacuate indeed what is &s;uperfluous, but never propo&s;e to them&s;elves to take any care that the like to that which is evacuated may not be bred.</HI> Whence al&s;o <HI>Poterius (Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>cur.</HI> 2.) grievou&s;ly in|veighs again&s;t &s;uch Phy&s;icians, calling them Tom|turd men and not Phy&s;icians, far wor&s;e than Empi|ricks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Prider. Hof|man. m. m. Eb. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> and not differing from Mountebanks, Fortune-telle<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s or Juglers.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Purgers are commonly di&s;tingui&s;ht into <HI>tho&s;e</HI> that Purge the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> region of the Body, which they &s;ay is on this &s;ide the Liver, and reaches from the Stomach to the middle of the Liver, and com|prehends all the parts and ways that lie betwixt the&s;e two; and <HI>tho&s;e</HI> that purge the <HI>&s;econd,</HI> which reaches from the middle of the Liver to the habit of the Body, and comprehends the upper or gib|bous &s;ide of the Liver and all the greater Veins; and <HI>tho&s;e</HI> that purge the <HI>third,</HI> which comprehends the habit of the Body, that is, all the Mu&s;cles, with the le&s;&s;er Veins, membranes and other things. But <HI>Helmonts</HI> opinion is rea&s;onable (in his book called <HI>De|mens Idea</HI> &sect; 20.) to wit, The fir&s;t region is the Sto|mach and Guts with all the ve&s;&s;els contained therein; the &s;econd where the circulation of the Blood is made, that is, in all the Veins and Arte|ries;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Walaeus m. m.</NOTE> the third, where the Blood is extrava&s;a|ted.</P>
<P N="12">XII. It is fal&s;e, that all extrava&s;ated Humours cannot be evacuated: 'Tis true indeed of the thick, but not of the thin, which are &s;ignified if they yield to the impre&s;&s;ion of the finger: where&s;oever there|fore the Blood circulates, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">here I can al&s;o evacuate: yea purging is convenient al&s;o in the cavities which &s;eems to be a fourth region, as in the <HI>Abdo|men,</HI> Brea&s;t and Brain (and this,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 39.</NOTE> experience teacheth) though there be no circulation of the Blood there|in. &para; <HI>Galen</HI> (13. <HI>meth.</HI> 9. <HI>l. art. med.</HI> 95. and in other places) grants that Humours that are without the Veins in the habit of the Body, may return into the Veins again. The matter is clear by examples. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 65. di&s;allows of tumours that vani&s;h all of a &s;udden. Small Pox and Mea&s;les from the coldne&s;s of the ambient air, from den&s;ation of the Skin and repre&s;&s;ion of the Humour retire to the inward parts. When an Humour is fixed mo&s;t firmly in the outer parts, from whence a <HI>Talpa, Nat|ta</HI> and other venereal tumours u&s;e to ari&s;e, it is wa&s;ted by the force of a &s;trong Purge, as of <HI>Stibium</HI> or <HI>Pulvis Vigonis,</HI> or by the application of a Mercuri|al ointment.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 26. <HI>ver&s;. l.</HI> 4. <HI>Ac.</HI> &s;ays that by giving a Purge in the beginning, <HI>Inflammations</HI> are irritated and not helped. Which &s;aying hath pro|duced many difficulties in art concerning the cure (univer&s;ally taken) of Inflammations, and no &s;mall abu&s;es in Medicining; &s;eeing 'tis certain that <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> him&s;elf very often u&s;ed purging in Inflam|mations, as the principal Remedy, making no men|tion of Bleeding: Thus in this &s;ame Book (<HI>&s;.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 64.) he orders purging in the beginning of a Pleu|ri&s;ie in&s;tead of Bleeding, when there is a pain below the midriff, which yet cannot be there without inflammation. To pa&s;s by innumerable places in the Book <HI>de morb. Aff.</HI> and others, wherein the Cures of Di&s;ea&s;es are treated of, where he teaches that Inflammations infe&s;ting divers parts of the Body are cured only by Purging. To this difficulty I an&s;wer with the learned <HI>Valle&s;ius;</HI> Although Inflam|mation, as it &s;uppo&s;es multitude, do primarily in|dicate bleeding, yet &s;ometimes Cacochymie does &s;o prevail over plenitude, that for the &s;ake there|of purging is to be preferr'd. Therefore when a pain extending it &s;elf to the Hypochondres inti|mates a great Cacochymie, omitting Bleeding he advi&s;es purging. In like manner <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb.</HI> in a Pleuri&s;ie he prefers purging, if the Patient be cho|lerick by Nature and unpurged, for in that ca&s;e there mu&s;t needs be a Cacochymie. And the &s;ame is to be &s;uppo&s;ed to happen in other Inflammations that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> would any where have cured by purging; whether it happen on the account of the part affected, which is apt to receive a Cacochymie, as for in&s;tance the Womb, in the Inflammations whereof <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commonly preferred Purging before Bleeding; or on the account of an evident Cacochymie, as has been &s;aid of Cholerick per&s;ons, that have faln into a Di&s;ea&s;e unpurged: nor need we in &s;uch like ca&s;es fear the inconvenience that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in the fore-cited place teaches to happen by purging in the beginning of Inflammations; be|cau&s;e as often as in acute Di&s;ea&s;es (of which he there &s;peaks) there is a great Cacochymie, it is for the mo&s;t part a Cholerick, which becau&s;e of the thinne&s;s of the Humour is not &s;o fixt in the part as utterly to re&s;i&s;t a Purger, as Blood does; and if it do not yield to the Purge, the healthful parts are not colliquated thereby, &s;eeing the Veins are full of the &s;ame Humour, upon which the Medicine acting touches not the &s;ound parts, but by drawing the Cacochymie out of the Veins becomes a revul|&s;ory Remedy to that matter by which the Inflam|mation it &s;elf is fed, and that being drawn out, that which is fixt in the part is the more ea&s;ily concocted and dige&s;ted: which revul&s;ion by pur|ging has no place indeed in tho&s;e Inflammations wherein there is plenitude, and not Cacochymie; which although it be in the part inflamed through tran&s;muta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion of the Blood into a Cholerick juice
<PB N="788" REF="353"> by the heat of the Inflammation, yet becau&s;e it is con&s;tipated in it, it yields not to the Medicine; and the Humour that is in the Veins, is Blood for the greater part, whereupon the Medicine cannot act; wherefore it mu&s;t needs be turned to the &s;ound Parts and colliquate them, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays. As often therefore as the <HI>genus veno&s;um</HI> abounds not with &s;uch naughty Humours as may be drawn by a Me|dicine, and that tho&s;e which are in the inflamed Part, are &s;o fixed therein that they will not at all yield to it, tho&s;e inconveniences mu&s;t needs follow that are reckoned up in that place. The knowledge whereof is derived indeed from many things, but chiefly from the Urine, which if they be thin and crude, indicate that the matter is fixed in the Part, and that there are no Humours in the Body that can be drawn out by a Purge, in which ca&s;e we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Purging: but by no means if the Urine be thick or cloudy, for when the&s;e are pre&s;ent in any Inflammation, we mu&s;t betake our &s;elves to Purging from the beginning. The pre|&s;ent &s;aying is therefore to be thus interpreted, That we mu&s;t not (as &s;ome do) per&s;i&s;t in its univer&s;ality, &s;o as that we &s;hould always ab&s;tain from Purging in all Inflammations whatever. Nor is <HI>Hippocrates</HI> condemned by receiving this Expo&s;ition, becau&s;e he pronounc'd it univer&s;ally; for he tacitly hinted that exception, when he added the rea&s;on of his Opinion, <HI>For a Di&s;ea&s;e that is as yet crude, yields not,</HI> &amp;c. As often therefore as the Humour contained in an inflamed Part is of &s;uch a Nature as will yield to a Medicine, or finds an Humour in the re&s;t of the Body which it may draw and carry forth, a Purge being taken colliquates not the &s;ound Parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Martian. comm. in l. c.</NOTE> nor is the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;ed.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Some are of opinion that there is no need of &s;uch great &s;trength of the Faculty for Purging as for Bleeding: but not medling with other mens Judgments, I think that a &s;trong evacuation by ele|ctive Purgers requires greater &s;trength of the Fa|culties; becau&s;e when &s;uch a Medicine is once given, it is no longer in the Power of the Phy&s;ician; becau&s;e it &s;elf al&s;o has a vertue that is adver&s;e to the Body; and becau&s;e Purgation is not performed without great commotion of the whole and di&s;&s;ipa|tion of the Spirits. And though &s;ome,<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Aph. 23. 1.</NOTE> where <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> &s;ays that vacuation may be made even to &s;wooning, apply it to Purging, yet I believe it has only place in Bleeding. For who could adven|ture to Purge even to &s;wooning without ra&s;hne&s;s and danger of life, &s;eeing none can promi&s;e him&s;elf th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t Purging &s;hall proceed to &s;wooning, and yet not t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd to Death,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">or<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. In&s;t. Med. di&s;p 19. q. 4.</NOTE> ina&s;much as there can no re&s;traint be laid upon Purgers that can bridle their exce&s;s?</P>
<P N="15">XV. How can Purgation be performed at the beginning as often as the Urine &s;hall be <HI>thick</HI> and <HI>cloudy,</HI> though there be no Concoction of the Hu|mours, which yet is &s;o &s;u&s;pected with thinne&s;s of the Urine? I an&s;wer, As often as the Urine is thin, it is a &s;ign that nothing of the morbifick matter is expelled with the Urine, either becau&s;e it is thru&s;t into &s;ome Part, and &s;o clo&s;ely fixt, that no portion thereof can be &s;eparated thence, which mixing with the Urine might make it thicker; or becau&s;e Nature being intent upon the concoction of it, holds it &s;o clo&s;ely as to let none of it go from her. When therefore none of the noxious Humour is &s;ponta|neou&s;ly expelled, it is an evident &s;ign that it is &s;o rebellious as by no means to yield to a Purging Medicine. But on the contrary, when thick Urine is made, it is a &s;ign that a portion of the morbifick matter is expelled with it, and this indicates that the remainder of it, though not at all concocted, yet is &s;o di&s;po&s;ed that it will obey a Purging Me|dicine. Yet it is to be noted that Purging is not always convenient as often as the Urine is thick: becau&s;e, when this cra&s;&s;itude proceeds from Conco|ction begun, 'tis by no means lawful to purge, le&s;t the concoction begun be di&s;turbed; and this we di&s;tern, becau&s;e it appears not at the beginning of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, but afterwards, and of thin becomes thicker by degrees: for in this di&s;po&s;ition of the Humours, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Purging. But when there is turgency, crudity hinders not Purging, as Conco|ction begun does: And therefore when the Urine &s;hall be thin at the beginning, and afterwards &s;hall become thicker by degrees, then it &s;ignifies that Concoction is begun, wherefore we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Purging, till there appear &s;igns of perfect Concoction. Likewi&s;e when there en&s;ues thickne&s;s of Urine in Fevers either from the colliquation of the Humours, or from malignant Putrefaction, or the like preternatural cau&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in Aph. 23. 1.</NOTE> neither is Purging good in that ca&s;e. &para; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> forbad that Purges &s;hould be given where there are no &s;igns of Con|coction in the <HI>&V;rine;</HI> now he gives the Rea&s;ons, explaining the harms that ari&s;e from un&s;ea&s;onable Purging; Namely, if you Purge un&s;ea&s;onably, the Urine will not be concocted, and the cri&s;es will not be made in due time; but both being taken away, I mean, Concoction and Cri&s;es, the Fevers will be lengthened: Quite contrary to what vul|gar Phy&s;icians expect, who, when <HI>crudity of the &V;|rine</HI> l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ts longer than they would have it, pre&s;ently Purge, thinking that Nature that is not able to concoct &s;o much matter, will be better able to overcome it when it is made le&s;s, and take care to Purge their Patients before the Critical day, and therefore mo&s;t on the &s;ixth day, to the end namely that Nature may better perform the Cri&s;is. But they are deceived, for Nature is then only made more powerful over the remainder by eva|cuation, when evacuation is made rightly and ac|cording to Art, as when a Plethory is le&s;&s;ened by Bleeding, or Purging is performed becau&s;e of tur|gency; otherwi&s;e there is nothing that can more hinder Concoctions and Cri&s;es: for tho&s;e things are not evacuated that ought to be, but a great deal of good Humours is drawn forth, the bad are only &s;tirred, by the &s;tirring retention is di&s;turbed, which being taken away, Concoction mu&s;t needs be &s;o al&s;o; and by the taking away of this, a fit ex|pul&s;ion and cri&s;is is al&s;o taken away; becau&s;e it is the order of the natural Faculties, that the reten|tive &s;hould mini&s;ter to the concoctive, and when Concoction is fini&s;hed that the work of the expul|&s;ive &s;hould &s;ucceed; otherwi&s;e all things will be done un&s;ea&s;onably and tumultuou&s;ly, and there|fore without benefit. Hence you will ea&s;ily under|&s;tand (which not a few admire) why, &s;eeing the Ancients &s;o much e&s;teemed the Cri&s;es of Di&s;ea&s;es, and writ &s;o many things of them, &s;o few occur in our days: Certainly this is the rea&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in lib. de vict. Acut. p 206.</NOTE> becau&s;e the mo&s;t are un&s;ea&s;onably Purged, and un&s;ea&s;onable Purging takes away &s;ea&s;onable Cri&s;es.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. As to the univer&s;al times of Di&s;ea&s;es, we mu&s;t know that evacuation is granted in the <HI>begin|ning,</HI> when the Humour is not as yet confu&s;ed; but in the <HI>&s;tate</HI> and <HI>declination</HI> &s;eldom, and not but by gentle Medicines: for if you admini&s;ter a &s;trong Purge in the <HI>declination,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 37.</NOTE> you will confound anew the Humours that have been already &s;eparated, and will make the &s;ick relap&s;e.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. According to <HI>Trallian,</HI> Vacuation is not to be put off when there are any &s;igns of Con|coction: for thick Humours are over-concocted, and through their thickne&s;s become unfit for ex|pul&s;ion.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. As often as the whole ma&s;s of Blood abounds with a <HI>watry excrement,</HI> it ought to be freed therefrom by degrees, the evacuations of the &s;ame being often repeated both by Stool, and e&s;pecially by Sweat or Urine; I &s;ay e&s;pecially by Sweat, be|cau&s;e all evacuation by Stool does more di&s;turb and weaken the Body, than by Sweat, e&s;pecially when water is to be evacuated, becau&s;e that u&s;es not of its own accord to tend towards the Siege, but to the Kidneys and Pores of the skin. For as <HI>Choler</HI>
<PB N="779" REF="353"> is evacuated no way more commodiou&s;ly than by <HI>Stool</HI> and <HI>Vomit,</HI> and not &s;o by Urine or Sweat, &s;o <HI>watry Humours</HI> are mo&s;t fitly expelled by Urine and Sweat, and not &s;o by <HI>Vomit</HI> or <HI>Stool:</HI> But <HI>pituitous</HI> and <HI>acid Humours</HI> &s;eem to be conveniently enough expel|led both ways, both by Stool and Vomit, and al&s;o by Urine and Sweat. If any de&s;ire to know the rea|&s;ons of what is here &s;aid, I will give the following; and 1. <HI>Choler</HI> is therefore carried off more conve|niently, ea&s;ily and happily by <HI>Stool</HI> and <HI>Vomit</HI> than by Urine and Sweat, becau&s;e it &s;elf is poured forth pure, and comes only to the &s;mall Gut, (and not to the Heart and the whole Blood) from whence it may be ea&s;ily driven upward to the Stomach, and al&s;o downward to the thick Guts, and &s;o be evacu|ated: But the &s;ame choler, when it is mixt with the ma&s;s of Blood from whence it &s;hould be &s;epara|ted, &s;ticks clo&s;elier to it than that it can be expelled out of the Body by Sweat and Urine, nor can it any more be parted pure from that ma&s;s. 2. As to <HI>watry Humours,</HI> as they are rather loo&s;ely confu&s;ed in the ma&s;s of Blood than intimately mixt with it, &s;o they may be ea&s;ily &s;eparated therefrom, &s;o that they may be expelled out of the Body as well by Urine as Sweat: And becau&s;e water &s;uperabounding in the Blood according to Nature u&s;es to be &s;eparated with the Urine, and not by &s;tool, 'tis no wonder if the &s;ame may al&s;o by Art be more ea&s;ily expelled by Urine and Sweat, than by Stool or Vomit. For though the <HI>Pancreatick juice,</HI> as al&s;o the <HI>&s;aliva</HI> may from thence acquire a more fluid con&s;i&s;tence, and &s;o al&s;o increa&s;e the liquidne&s;s of the Humours that flow to the Guts; yet there &s;eldom happens by this means and way any notable &s;pontaneous eva|cuation by Stool of the watry part of the Blood, but pretty often by Urine and Sweat: And &s;o al&s;o is an artificial evacuation of the &s;ame water more conveniently and ea&s;ily attempted by Sweat and Urine, than by Stool or Vomit. 3. <HI>Thin Phlegm,</HI> &s;uch namely as has its origin from the <HI>&s;aliva,</HI> may not only be ea&s;ily drawn forth both by Stool and Vomit, but al&s;o by Urine and Sweat, becau&s;e it is not &s;o difficult to &s;eparate from the re&s;t of the ma&s;s of Blood: And the more <HI>tough</HI> and <HI>clammy</HI> can be conveniently drawn forth no way, till it be &s;uffi|ciently incided and attenuated; but then though it may be more plentifully carried off by Stool or Vomit, yet it may not inconveniently be drawn forth al&s;o by way of Urine and Sweat, which then u&s;es to come forth more thick and clammy: which is a certain Argument that tho&s;e ways are not unfit for the expelling a clammy Humour al&s;o. La&s;tly, an <HI>acid Humour,</HI> as it wants to be temper'd and cor|rected before it can be expelled any way; &s;o then it may be mo&s;t conveniently ca&s;t out by Stool and Vomit, ina&s;much as when it abounds in the Pancrea|tick juice, it here finds a very &s;hort pa&s;&s;age: but the &s;ame may no le&s;s conveniently be expelled by Urine and Sweat, becau&s;e tho&s;e volatil Salts that do ea&s;ilie&s;t and quicklie&s;t correct and temper it, do withal carry the &s;ame to the pa&s;&s;ages of Urine and Sweat,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lvius P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">act. l. iii. cap. 3.</NOTE> &s;eeing all of them are Sudorificks and Diureticks.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Among the Humours that differ from the ma&s;s of Blood, there is every where mention of a <HI>melancholick Humour,</HI> which they declare commonly to be of an earthy Nature. As far as I have been able to judge from an accurate and long ob&s;erva|tion of the Patients I have had the care of, and from a laudable evacuation of the Humours that produce the &s;aid melancholick Di&s;tempers, that is, by happily curing the &s;aid Di&s;tempers, I have noted two &s;orts of Humours on which tho&s;e Di&s;tempers depended, not a little differing from one another, to wit <HI>&s;owr,</HI> and very <HI>clammy Phlegmatick,</HI> partly by correcting, and partly by draining forth whereof, I have happily cured the &s;aid Di&s;tempers; where|fore I have thought that both ought to come under the notion of a <HI>melancholick</HI> Humour. And this di|&s;tinction is not to be &s;lightly e&s;teemed by Phy&s;icians that will Practi&s;e, &s;eeing if this be neglected, you will hardly ever cure Melancholi&s;ts as you de&s;ire: yea I am fully per&s;waded that melancholick Di&s;tem|pers are therefore &s;o &s;eldom happily cured, becau&s;e mo&s;t Phy&s;icians do not &s;ufficiently ob&s;erve that di|&s;tinction, being too much addicted to their Authors, and over-neglectful of tho&s;e things that happen in Practice. Now we mu&s;t even for this rea&s;on attend to that di&s;tinction, becau&s;e the &s;ame Medicines cannot always be profitably u&s;ed both in the alte|ration, and e&s;pecially in the evacuation of the&s;e two Humours: for <HI>&s;owr Humours</HI> are be&s;t altered and corrected by <HI>volatil Salts</HI> and all the <HI>milder Aromatick plants;</HI> but the <HI>glutinous,</HI> al&s;o by <HI>acid Spirits,</HI> which do further corrupt and render hurtful the <HI>&s;owr.</HI> So <HI>&s;owr Humours</HI> are very happily evacuated by <HI>Hydragogues</HI> commonly &s;o called, but the <HI>glutinous</HI> by <HI>Phlegmagogues.</HI> Whence any one may ea&s;ily &s;ee of how great profit, yea nece&s;&s;ity this di&s;tinction is for the right practi|&s;ing of Phy&s;ick, &s;eeing it brings great light both for the knowing and curing melancholick Di&s;tempers; as tho&s;e will confe&s;s, who being employed in their cure &s;hall compare what others have &s;aid and writ of this matter, with what I have. Therefore two kinds of melancholick Humours, require two &s;orts of Medicines to Purge them: To draw out the Phlegmatick, e&s;pecially the glutinous, the&s;e are good, <HI>Ind. Myrobalans, Polypody, Dodder of Time, Senna, black Hellebore, LAPIS LAZ&V;LI, and LAPIS ARMEN&V;S:</HI> To Hydragogues belong <HI>SOLDANELLA, the Berries, Seed, middle Bark, Root and Leaves of Dwarf-Elder and Elder; Mechoacan, Jalap, the Root of Flower de luce,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius m m. l. 2. c. 7. and 9.</NOTE> <HI>Hedge|hy&s;&s;op, ES&V;LA, MEZERE&V;M, ELATERI&V;M, Gum of PER&V; and Cry&s;tals of L&V;NA.</HI></P>
<P N="20">XX. A Salt Humour is pre&s;ently to be Purged, according to <HI>Galen l. de con&s;t. Art.</HI> becau&s;e it cannot be concocted, for Concoction &s;uppo&s;es crudity to be concocted, but a &s;alt Humour is concocted, yea adu&s;t;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Epiph. Fer|dinand.</NOTE> wherefore tho&s;e are pre&s;ently to be Purged that are troubled with a &s;alt de&s;tillation.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. The Purgation of acrimonious Humours &s;hould rather be indifferent than minute,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Indic. Me|dica.</NOTE> for by &s;mall dribbling Excretions of acrimonious Humours it often happens that Dy&s;enteries are cau&s;ed.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. I think it advi&s;eable, when a principal Part is ready to receive the matter, to withdraw it by little and little if it may be,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. comm. in lib. de vict. acut. p. 203.</NOTE> and not to take care to keep it all for one Critical evacua|tion, but rather to prevent Cri&s;es by Art, as is often done.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. I begun to find fault with that common errour of our vulgar Phy&s;icians, when they bid us drain all the choler out of the Body: for from hence there en&s;ues this mi&s;chief, that by taking away the principal condiment of Concoction, many have lo&s;t all appetite to their Meat, then have become Cachectick, and at length have died Drop|&s;ical. One man had three Sons that died Con&s;um|ptive, which being di&s;&s;ected there was not a drop of choler found in the Gall-Bladder, though the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> were unhurt:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Moebi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> ex Anonym. fundam. Phy|&s;iolog. c. 16.</NOTE> wherefore I laid all the blame upon the Diagridiate Medicines that had been fre|quently given.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. When <HI>choler</HI> offends, let the Do&s;e of Pur|gers be &s;mall in the beginning, le&s;t the choler that is very fluxile of it &s;elf, and turgent in a manner, &s;hould grow furious and produce a <HI>cholera morbus,</HI> or at lea&s;t a great <HI>Diarrhaea.</HI> For unle&s;s it appear that Phlegmatick and tough Humours do withal abound in the Body, in Purging of choler it is al|ways &s;afer to u&s;e Cholagogues in a le&s;s do&s;e, and that for fear of &s;uperpurgation. Add, that though when Purgers are given in a le&s;s do&s;e, they perhaps evacuate nothing, the &s;ame may be repeated, and the operation of the former promoted by giving others after a few hours, al&s;o in a &s;mall do&s;e&punc; which &s;ame thing, where there is no urgent nece&s;&s;ity, may be done the next day only,
<PB N="780" REF="354"> &s;eeing <HI>Purging Medicines have not only a vertue to eva|cuate vitious Humours, but al&s;o to alter and correct the &s;ame,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylvius P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">act. l. 1. c. vii.</NOTE> <HI>and to prepare them for a fit expul&s;ion.</HI> Now I diligently commend this precept to younger Phy|&s;icians, <HI>&amp;r.</HI></P>
<P N="25">XXV. Where there is a <HI>tough Phlegm,</HI> water hin|ders the operation of any Purgers: on this account Purges are mo&s;t conveniently pre&s;cribed in the form of <HI>Pills,</HI> becau&s;e <HI>Gums</HI> may be ea&s;ily put in them which are the fitte&s;t of all Medicines to cut tough Phlegm, and are not ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olvible in any li|quor; and thus at once the offending Humours may be both alter'd and expell'd. As for example, <HI>Take of</HI> Gum-Ammoniac, <HI>or</HI> Galbanum, <HI>&amp;c. Prepared with Vinegar, half a Drachm, of Ma&s;tich a Scruple, of</HI> tro|chi&s;c. Alhandal, <HI>the re&s;in of Scammony of each twenty five Grains, mix them,</HI> make twenty five Pills, of which give five or &s;even in the Morning with &s;ome Broth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. An <HI>acid Crudity</HI> will be cured by giving Medicines that temper or concentrate an acid Spirit, carefully ab&s;taining from Purgers before the acid Humours are temper'd and brought to the nature of <HI>&s;erum,</HI> which then being &s;uperfluous may ea&s;ily at length be drawn forth by Hydra|gogues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Though Spring and Autumn be the Prin|cipal times for evacuation of Humours for Pre&s;er|vation; yet let us Purge every one indifferently either in the Spring or Autumn, but let us &s;ee what every ones Nature and the Di&s;ea&s;es that they are &s;ubject to indicate. For tho&s;e who abound with thick Humours, are to be Purged in the be|ginning of the Spring: For &s;uch Humours being collected in the Winter are liquated or melted in the Spring time, whence unle&s;s they be evacuated, they may be ea&s;ily diffu&s;ed over the Body, and create great Di&s;ea&s;es: But tho&s;e in whom there are thin Humours, do well endure Purging in the end of the Spring, le&s;t tho&s;e Humours be inflamed in the following Summer and cau&s;e Fevers. When the Autumn draws on, acrimonious, &s;alt, adu&s;t and &s;corbutical Humours are to be expelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. m. m. lib. 1. cap. 7.</NOTE> and that is the fitte&s;t time of evacuation for &s;uch as are di|&s;temper'd by tartareous Humours.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. <HI>Whether may we Purge on critical dayes?</HI> I an|&s;wer, if there were no indication before, we may Purge on the 4. 7. 11. 14. and 20. day and al&s;o Bleed, for they will not prove Critical: But if the&s;e days be like to be Critical, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve whether Nature be about to attempt an evacuation on tho&s;e days or no: If &s;he make a perfect evacuation, let the Phy&s;ician do nothing: But if &s;he make an im|perfect Cri&s;is, mind whether &s;he do it by Vomit, Sweat, Hemorrhage of the No&s;e, Fundament, or Womb; and then indeed we may a&s;&s;i&s;t vomiting with a gentle Vomit, Sweat by chafing, Bleeding by fomenting with warm water, or with Leeches; for the&s;e are in our power and may be &s;topped: But if Nature attempt an imperfect Cri&s;is by Stool, it will be better for the Phy&s;ician not to a&s;&s;i&s;t this motion, le&s;t there be made a greater evacuation than is fitting, &s;eeing a Purge once taken cannot be recalled, nor can we remove it: For Nature has this cu&s;tom, &s;ometimes to move lei&s;urely at fir&s;t, and by and by more violently. Wherefore it will be better to Purge the next day, that that which is left by the Cri&s;is may be expelled. But if Na|ture be hindred from making any Cri&s;is on a Criti|cal day, if the matter be mitigated by (<HI>Pepa&s;mus</HI> or) Concoction, let the Phy&s;ician u&s;e Purging or Bleed|ing, if he know for certain that Nature will not do it. But you will &s;ay, according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> that nothing is to be moved on a Critical day: but he is &s;peaking of &s;uch a day as Nature moves in, for the Faculties are wearied on that day by the force of the Symptoms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us l. de <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. c. 14.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. That the <HI>influence of the Stars</HI> has great effi|cacy upon our Bodies, becau&s;e of the circuit of the whole terre&s;trial Globe and evaporation of moi&s;ture, &s;eems to be intimated by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 5. <HI>In and before the Dog-days Purging is difficult.</HI> Indeed in our more temperate Climates there needs not &s;o much &s;cruple as in <HI>Greece,</HI> nor need we be &s;o fearful of the barking or biting of the Dog: yet this curio&s;ity is not to be altogether &s;lighted, nor its foot-prints to be worn out.</P>
<P>&para; <HI>Fr. Bencius,</HI> who was the chief Phy&s;ician in <HI>Italy</HI> of his time, (as <HI>Menardus</HI> relates it <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>Ep.</HI> 1.) never ob&s;erved any thing of the Heavens; but as often as opportunity urged, he pre&s;cribed both Purging and Bleeding in the very conjunctions of the Sun and Moon, looking more upon the Urine than upon the Stars, and ob&s;erving the beating of the Arte|ries rather than the configuration of the Stars: Whence it came to pa&s;s that being concerned in the Cure of a Per&s;on of Quality together with <HI>Hiero|nymus Manfredus,</HI> a famous A&s;trologer of <HI>Bononia,</HI> and there happen'd to be at the &s;ame time a nece&s;&s;ity of Purging and a Conjunction of the Luminaries, the A&s;trologer gain&s;aying, and progno&s;ticating Death to the Patient, <HI>Bencius</HI> order'd a Purging potion to be given,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. l. de febr. cap. 85.</NOTE> by which the Patient recover'd of his great Sickne&s;s.</P>
<P>&para; In the year 1643. in the Dog-days, about the beginning of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> three Children of two or three years old, being Purged with gentle Medicines by the Phy&s;icians that had the care of them, died convul&s;ed the &s;ame day: Two of them were trou|bled with a Catarrh falling on their Brea&s;t, and the third with a Dy&s;enterie. Other Children al&s;o from a Catarrh fell into Convul&s;ions at the &s;ame time, and died the &s;ame day. Now the&s;e kind of Epilep|tick Convul&s;ions are cau&s;ed by the Humours that are colliquated by the hot Air. Hence it appears that we mu&s;t u&s;e great caution in Purging the Sick in the Dog-days,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. Cent. 3. Ob&s;. 5.</NOTE> according to the Precept of <HI>Hippo|crates.</HI></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Whether are Purging and Bleeding good in the Full or New Moon, as <HI>Hippocr.</HI> and <HI>Avicen</HI> per|&s;wade? I an&s;wer, Though <HI>Galen</HI> ob&s;erve not the change of the Moon, and the ri&s;ing and &s;etting of other great Stars, yet this indication is not to be therefore pretermitted, &s;eeing it is of great moment and approved by the Experience of very grave Au|thors. For &s;eeing we ob&s;erve that the Moon and other Stars produce great changes in the&s;e inferiour things, without any notable change of the fir&s;t qua|lities that they induce upon the Air and our Bodies, it is clear that the indication taken from hence is not to be neglected; whence you will gather that at &s;ome times, when we would make &s;ome eva|cuation for prevention or in a mild Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t ab&s;tain therefrom, if &s;o be there be no|thing urgent that may require the ha&s;tine&s;s of a Remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. intr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. it. ad Pra. Praec. 48.</NOTE></P>
<P>&para; Some &s;hun the Full Moons, the Conjunctions, Quarters, and other &s;tates of the Moon in Purging: If &s;uch Ob&s;ervations can be made without detriment to the Patient, let a re&s;pect be had to tho&s;e &s;tates: but if the Di&s;ea&s;e be urgent and there be pre&s;ent indications for Purging, mind them not, &s;eeing Experience te&s;tifies, that Purges being given in the Change, Full or any Quarter of the Moon,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Manelph. l. 2. de febr. p. 297.</NOTE> have cau&s;ed no mi&s;chief.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. In Summer and Winter we mu&s;t not take Phy&s;ick for Prevention; for in the Summer the Faculties are weak, the natural heat being drawn from the Centre to the Circumference by the ex|ternal: in the Winter the Pa&s;&s;ages are a&s;tringed by the cold and the Humours concreted. Hence <HI>Avicen</HI> 4. 1. admits not of Purging when it is extraordi|nary either hot or cold; for <HI>cap.</HI> 5. <HI>l. c.</HI> he &s;ays, when the greater Dog-&s;tar ari&s;es, and when Snow lies on the Mountains, we mu&s;t not u&s;e Purging. But let the Phy&s;ician con&s;ider the ri&s;ing and &s;etting not on|ly of the Dog-&s;tar, but al&s;o of the <HI>Lyra</HI> (or Harp) of <HI>Arcturus,</HI> the <HI>Hyades</HI> and <HI>Pleiades;</HI> and let him care|fully
<PB N="781" REF="354"> ob&s;erve the Sol&s;tices, Equinoxes, Conjunctions of the Planets, motions of the Moon, Eclip&s;es and bad A&s;pects of the Planets; but yet not &s;o &s;uper|&s;titiou&s;ly as &s;ome, who think it a heinous crime to give a purge when the Moon is pa&s;&s;ing through the ruminant &s;igns of the Zodiack: for the parti|tion of the&s;e &s;igns according to the parts of mans Body is phanta&s;tick, again&s;t rea&s;on and experi|ence.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. When we would purge for prevention, the Wane of the Moon, is to be cho&s;en: for though in the increa&s;e of the Moon purging may be quicker and ea&s;ier, whil&s;t the Humours being then fluxile are more prepared for evacuation, yet it is not &s;afer; <HI>both</HI> becau&s;e there is fear le&s;t the Hu|mours being moved &s;hould ru&s;h Head-long into the Guts, and there &s;hould en&s;ue a &s;uperpurgation, or boiling too much &s;hould flow into &s;ome other part of the Body; <HI>and</HI> becau&s;e in the increa&s;e of the Moon the motion of the Humours that is made toward the circumference of the Body, is con|trary to that which is cau&s;ed by the purging: but in the decrea&s;e the Humours tend to the inner parts and follow the motion of the Medicine.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Note that before the Moon comes to a Quartile of the Sun (if there be no malevolent planet pre&s;ent) Purgers though gentle, do work more vehemently yet without impairing the facul|ties. Which is to be well ob&s;erved in the Hu|mours that have taken deep root, which are not otherwi&s;e ea&s;ily extirpated by Purgers, even the &s;tronge&s;t. The &s;ame thing falls out in the new Moon.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. On the contrary we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from all purging Medicines in the conjunction of the Moon, or its Quartile or oppo&s;ition with <HI>Jupiter, Mars</HI> or <HI>Saturn.</HI> For &s;eeing in all purgation there precedes a certain fermentation of the Humours, <HI>Jupiter</HI> through his gentle and &s;low operation does either retard it, or at lea&s;t le&s;&s;en it: and in all violent a&s;pects of <HI>Mercury, viz.</HI> Quartile or Oppo&s;i|tion, we mu&s;t not rely on purging, becau&s;e the Symptoms of the Head are apt to be rai&s;ed there|by, as Vertigo, falling &s;ickne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. If the moon &s;hall be in a Trine or &s;ex|tile with <HI>Venus,</HI> it will be good to evacuate boiling Humours tinged with &s;ulphureous dro&s;s; if with the Sun, the cold and moi&s;t; and if with <HI>Jupiter,</HI> the adu&s;t and tartareous. Nor is <HI>Jupiter</HI> to be ex|cluded here, who is hot and moi&s;t, e&s;pecially in the Wane of the Moon, and therefore he al&s;o makes towards the expul&s;ion of tartareous Humours.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. All the&s;e directions are of force, when we would purge only for prevention; but we may purge at any time when nece&s;&s;ity urgeth: for if the vehemence of acute Di&s;ea&s;es be urgent, or there be a turgency of Humours that ari&s;es a|bout the Dog-days, which cannot be cured without Bleeding or Purging, certainly they are not to be omitted: for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid not &s;imply, that we mu&s;t not then purge, but only that purging is difficult.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm. m m. l. 1. c. 7.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. It is doubted al&s;o whether we mu&s;t rather purge in the increa&s;e or wane of the Moon? I &s;ay it is more &s;ecure to undertake it in the wane; becau&s;e although the Humours be fluxile in the in|crea&s;e, yet this motion that is made towards the Skin, is contrary to that which is rai&s;ed by the Me|dicine; but in the decrea&s;e the Humours tend to the inner parts and follow the motion of the Medi|cine. (See &sect; 32. before.)</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. The do&s;e of a Purger is to be found out by experiment; for the propriety and condi|tion of Bodies is various: we mu&s;t therefore ask the Patient whether he have taken a Purge at any time when he was &s;ick, and whether it wrought enough and according to de&s;ire, or not. If you under&s;tand that the Patient was very ea&s;ie to work upon, then u&s;e the more gentle Medicines, or in a &s;maller do&s;e; but if he had but few or no &s;tools, then u&s;e &s;tronger, mea&s;uring the do&s;e of the Medicine in regard to the temper of the Body. Moreover the more or le&s;s apt to be &s;oluble his Belly at pre&s;ent is, the Medicine ought to be &s;tronger or weaker. But if a man have never been purged before, we mu&s;t learn how dry or moi&s;t his Belly is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. prae|&s;id. l. 1. c. 6.</NOTE> that by taking our indication thence we may the more certainly mea&s;ure the do&s;e of the Medicine.</P>
<P>&para; We mu&s;t note what every ones peculiar Na|ture can bear, for all bear not the &s;ame Remedy alike: for &s;ome Bodies contemn the vertue even of the mo&s;t powerfull Medicines; others are wrought upon by the weake&s;t: therefore the cure is always to be begun with the weaker,<NOTE PLACE="marg">He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rn. moth. l. 2. c. 2.</NOTE> both that Nature may be accu&s;tomed to Medicines, and the &s;en&s;e of the Patient may be found out.</P>
<P>&para; If the Phy&s;ician be unacquainted with the Na|ture of the Patient, namely whether he be ea&s;ie or hard to Purge, <HI>Spigelius</HI> bids us mind the Patient's Feet, and to gather his ea&s;ine&s;s to be purged from the length of them, and his hardne&s;s from their &s;hortne&s;s; which indeed is &s;omething; &s;eeing they are weaker: but the whole truth con&s;i&s;ts not here|in. Others bid us con&s;ider the breath of the Pati|ent, which if it be gentle and delicate (unle&s;s the Patient be Melancholick) intimates Purgation to be ea&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> m. m. p. 47.</NOTE> It is be&s;t to ask the Patient whether he u&s;e to go every day once or twice to &s;tool; if he &s;ay yes, he is ea&s;ie to purge; if no, difficult.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Many wonder why I pre&s;cribe purging for three or four dayes together, &s;eeing mo&s;t hi|therto have been content with one day: I an&s;wer that three or four gentle purgings are to be pre|ferred before one &s;trong one; for on the fir&s;t day they will purge the fir&s;t region, that is, the Sto|mach and Guts; on the &s;econd they will evacuate the Liver, and open its ob&s;truction and &s;tuffing; on the third they will clean&s;e the Veins which are indeed the Store-hou&s;e of that <HI>colluvies</HI> that cau&s;es Di&s;ea&s;es and Death: This manner of curing does in&s;en&s;ibly de&s;troy inveterate evils without hurting the Parts, yea they are rather &s;trengthned by this &s;low depletion; which evils the more vehement Medicines with all their violence and perturbation cannot remove,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab He<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r Spada<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r. cap. 10.</NOTE> and which the Ancients left as in|curable.</P>
<P N="40">XL. When Purging does not follow upon Me|dicines that are not very weak, there is rea&s;on to fear le&s;t the excrements being moved and not eva|cuated &s;hould be carried into &s;ome noble part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. l. 5. Epi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> and there cau&s;e &s;ome wor&s;e Di&s;temper.</P>
<P>&para; Purges given in too &s;mall a Do&s;e do more harm than good, and they do nothing el&s;e but attenuate the Humours; and the&s;e being attenuated, when through the defect of the ju&s;t Do&s;e of the Medicine they cannot be expelled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 34.</NOTE> ru&s;h all the Body over and di&s;turb it.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Tho&s;e err greatly who always begin their Cures with Purging: Tho&s;e Expurgators think up|on nothing but driving vicious things out of the Body, as if the matter were to be done by the hand and nothing could hinder: they are not con|tent with that Minorative Purgation that is never to be parted with, which they always undertake in the very beginning of the Cure, at all times of the Di&s;ea&s;e; but they would every day abu&s;e a Purging Medicine, if the Patient would obey eve|ry day, without any re&s;pect to Concoction or other Preparation: The&s;e for&s;ooth think all that the An|cients have Philo&s;ophiz'd concerning Concoction, to be mere trifles: They only look at tho&s;e things which pa&s;s out of the Belly, and the wor&s;e tho&s;e are, they think the Patient is the better treated, whereas in the mean time they colliquate the Bodies of many:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 4. c. 2.</NOTE> The&s;e truly are not to be &s;uf|fered.</P>
<P N="42"><PB N="782" REF="355">XLII. Of tho&s;e who are not Purged by a Medicine, &s;ome are not much hurt, in whom namely nothing more is done but <HI>either</HI> the Medicine is too much conquered by the Concoctive Faculty, and &s;o being di&s;tributed with the Aliments turns to nouri&s;hment; <HI>or</HI> being not enough deduced into act, it pa&s;&s;ed out downwards: Others are hurt very much, as having the Excrements drawn to &s;ome inward part that is affected,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. 5. Epid.</NOTE> or moved and roiled all the Body over. &para; Tho&s;e who labour under Di&s;ea&s;es of &s;ome Parts depending on &s;ome vicious matter, are then mo&s;t helped by Purging when a Cacochymie of the whole Body feeds the Di&s;ea&s;es that are in the Part: But when the Humours are already fixt in the Part and the re&s;t of the Body pure, we mu&s;t rather tru&s;t to particular Remedies, and a good Diet, and the be|nefit of time; for the Bodies of &s;uch, as being &s;ound, indure Purgings ill; and that which is im|pacted in the Part, yields not: whereby it comes to pa&s;s that many of them are hurt with Purges,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid. p. 519.</NOTE> becau&s;e the Faculty is weakened and the Di&s;ea&s;e re|mits not.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. <HI>Symmachus</HI>'s Son being &s;uffocated by choler in his Sleep and &s;ei&s;ed with a Fever, and not keep|ing a Purging Potion when given him,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hipp. 5. Epid.</NOTE> was neither Purged in &s;ix days, nor before he died. &para; This Per&s;on &s;eems to me to be therefore not Purgeable, becau&s;e there was a redundance of Choler and it was carried upwards; and I think this was the very cau&s;e of his Death, that Choler &s;eis'd in abun|dance on his Head and Heart, and there was no place for Remedy. But how can it be, that re|dundance &s;hould hinder purging, for it &s;eems apt rather to cau&s;e too great evacuations; and doubt|le&s;s it was that which hindred the retention of the Potion? When this Per&s;on was &s;uffocated in his Sleep by the multitude of Choler (which &s;hewed that much of it was carried towards his Head, and that it abounded in the upper Parts that are about the Brea&s;t and Head) and kept not the Potion that he drank, nor was purged, it is rea&s;onable to think that the redundance of the Choler in the upper part of the Stomach hindred the Medicine from be|ing kept; and when retention and traction was taken away, that Purgation was al&s;o taken away: What therefore was to be done by the Phy&s;ician in this ca&s;e?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. com. in c. l. p. 505.</NOTE> Certainly he was not to rely on one &s;trong Medicine, but evacuation was to be made by degrees, by often repeated Vomiting.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. I know that in Sickne&s;s <HI>Hippocrates</HI> was of|ten wont to purge the Humours by the region which was farthe&s;t off from the part affected. Thus <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de morb.</HI> in the Di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Siccatory,</HI> that was like an Hypochondriacal Di&s;temper, he fir&s;t be|gins evacuation downwards, and then fini&s;hes it upwards; the contrary whereto 'tis clear he ob|&s;erved in Di&s;tempers of the Head; for in that ca&s;e he fir&s;t vomits, and then purges downwards: the rea&s;on of which difference depends hereon, That evacuation is to be begun at that part that is next to the part affected, &s;o that in Di&s;ea&s;es that infe&s;t the parts below the Midriff, we mu&s;t begin with purging downward; but with Vomiting, if the Di&s;ea&s;e po&s;&s;e&s;s the upper parts:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. com. v. 246. &s;ect. 3. l. 2. de morb.</NOTE> But this is to be under&s;tood when the Di&s;ea&s;e needs both evacuati|ons.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. The vulgar way of purging <HI>per Epicra&s;in</HI> (or by gradual purgation) does not plea&s;e me, when they give a Purge on every fourth, fifth, or &s;eventh day, or once a week: for this way the Medicine will only on the fir&s;t day carry forth what is contained in the fir&s;t ways; and before the &s;econd Purge come, the &s;ame excrement will be collected again in the &s;ame ways; and it will fall out in like manner before the third and the re&s;t; whereby it comes to pa&s;s that the vertue of the Medicine reaches not to the part affected which we intend to evacuate. Wherefore 'tis fitting we &s;hould purge without intermi&s;&s;ion, that at lea&s;t the &s;econd, third or fourth purgation may reach the place affected, and may le&s;&s;en the matter of the Di|&s;ea&s;e: by which manner of purging many are more happily cured of the greate&s;t Maladies, than by any other Remedy. Hence in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, Brea&s;t and Lungs; in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Joynts; in inveterate ob&s;tructions, madne&s;s and other di|&s;tempers purgation <HI>per Epicra&s;in</HI> is more &s;afe and pro|fitable than any other: in which di&s;tempers it is fit|ting every day for 7. or 8. days together to take &s;ome Purge, that what is &s;ituated and &s;tufft up in the more hidden and inward parts, may be exhau&s;t|ed by degrees, and that without hurt to the faculty.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 1. <HI>aph:</HI> 22. &s;ays, that crude Hu|mours ought neither to be moved nor Purged. Un|der the word <HI>moved</HI> he comprehends not every mo|tion, for then it would follow that during the cru|dity of the Humours, neither a Vein &s;hould be o|pened nor a Cly&s;ter injected, which is repugnant to his Doctrine: therefore he meant that commo|tion which is brought upon the Humours by the purging faculty of Medicines, whil&s;t they are pla|cidly drained out of the Body: as if through the leuity of the draining &s;uch evacuation de&s;erved not the name of purging. Nor is it a new thing that this word <HI>moved</HI> &s;hould be re&s;trained to purging only; for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;ed it in that &s;ignification 3. <HI>Politic. cap.</HI> 2. In <HI>Egypt,</HI> &s;ays he, after the third day Phy&s;icians may move; if before, they do it at their peril: and perhaps he rather u&s;ed this word than another, becau&s;e they u&s;ed to purge lightly about the beginning, which is cu&s;tomary in our times: whence the more modern Phy&s;icians di&s;tingui&s;hing the Medicines that cau&s;e &s;uch light purgations from the &s;tronger, have called them &s;ometimes Lenients, &s;ometimes Minoratives: &amp; <HI>Hippocrates</HI> called the&s;e &s;ame &s;ometimes light Purgers, &s;ometimes Subducents, &s;ometimes loo&s;eners of the Humours, as we may ga|ther from his Books of Practice: which if mo&s;t later Phy&s;icians had well read, they would not have boa&s;t|ed that &s;uch Medicines were unknown to him, by which pretext perverting the whole Doctrine of pur|gation, they have brought the matter to that pa&s;s, that no precept nor di&s;tinction is ob&s;erved about the matter of purgation: for they pre&s;ently give their Minoratives to all without di&s;tinction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pr. Martian com. in dict. aphor.</NOTE> finding fault with tho&s;e that by a convenient di&s;tinction do &s;ometimes ab&s;tain from them.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. 'Tis worth noting that heavine&s;s of the Body, whether with a Fever or without, does indi|cate purging, as intimating plenty of Choler, which hath &s;etled in the Veins and joynts, as <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;ays <HI>lib. de affect.</HI> yet in &s;uch as have no Fever it requires bitterne&s;s of the mouth to be joined with it, becau&s;e otherwi&s;e it may have another cau&s;e. Yet this will &s;eem &s;trange to vulgar Phy&s;i|cians, who a&s;&s;oon as they find a &s;en&s;e of heavine&s;s in Fevers, pre&s;ently come to Bleeding, thinking this to be the certaine&s;t &s;ign of a plethory, being taught by <HI>Galen lib. de plenit. c.</HI> 2. But they are de|ceived, as appears by the authority of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> and as daily experience confirms; and as we clearly ob&s;erved in the Fevers that went about in the year 1622. who&s;e chief &s;ymptom was gravity of the whole Body, and e&s;pecially in the beginning: now Choler was &s;o predominant in the&s;e, that not only all the excrements appeared bilious, <HI>viz.</HI> their Vomits, Stools and Urine, but al&s;o all the other Symptoms, want of &s;leep, Head-ach, <HI>deliriums,</HI> bit|terne&s;s of the mouth, yea and breakings out or pu&s;tules mo&s;t of them of a yellowi&s;h colour:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem comm. in v. 142. loc. cit.</NOTE> whence we thought their chief Remedy to be purging, omit|ting Bleeding.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Purgers, in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es wherein Na|ture is wont to have no cri&s;is, &s;uch as are &s;ome long continued Fevers, &s;ome internal Inflammations, the French-Pox, the falling-&s;ickne&s;s, <HI>Vertigo</HI> and other like, may be &s;afely given in the augment and &s;tate. Therefore I adhere not to their opinion that affirm
<PB N="783" REF="355"> that we mu&s;t never purge but in the end of the &s;tate or beginning of the declination.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Augen. Epi&s;t. &amp; Con&s;. p. 381.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. A young man of a Sanguin comple|xion, after Bleeding, and preparing potions, took in the morning an ea&s;ie purge made of Rhubarb, <HI>Diaphoenicon,</HI> with the &s;yrup of fumitory and <HI>Senna:</HI> After two hours he was oppre&s;t with a great pain in his Belly, which was ea&s;ed by having two &s;tools: after an hour he went five times to &s;tool very plen|tifully, but did &s;o burn with an inward heat that he thought his Bowels were burnt up: there en|&s;ued a very high Fever, an unquenchable thir&s;t, a cruel pain of the <HI>Ilia,</HI> &s;o fierce that it interrupted his breathing and voice. The Phy&s;icians are called, they apply Anodynes to the pained part, pre&s;cribe lenient Cly&s;ters, apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es and other diver&s;ions to the Thighs; but all in vain, for the pain raged more. I am called al&s;o, and advi&s;e Bleeding, for the faculties held out pretty well: all are again&s;t it, for two contrary motions are not to be celebrated on the &s;ame day. But &s;eeing the cruel pain increa&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Prax. adm. l. 3. Ob&s;. 8.</NOTE> nece&s;&s;ity compelling, my advice was follow'd: being bled the pain was ea|&s;ed and the Fever remitted.</P>
<P N="50">L. 'Tis an unrea&s;onable cu&s;tom with mo&s;t Phy|&s;icians to admini&s;ter purgers without di&s;tinction in all Affections rai&s;ed from wind: as we commonly &s;ee in Hypochondriack Melancholy, and in tho&s;e who &s;uffer great pains of their Head or Stomach, or <HI>nau&s;ea's</HI> and &s;ubver&s;ions and &s;uch otherlike Sym|ptoms from wind; wherein that we may purge without mi&s;chief, we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h whe|ther the pain or any Symptom ari&s;e from wind, which a weak faculty may not breed, whil&s;t the matter keeps a mediocrity in quantity and &s;ub|&s;tance; for whil&s;t it does &s;o, and yet <HI>flatus</HI> are rai&s;ed which cannot be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, 'tis a &s;ign that the weak|ne&s;s of the faculty is more in fault than the matter: at which time 'tis a great errour to u&s;e purgers, and is forbidden by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>Ac. t.</HI> 115. For by them the natural faculty is further weakened and di&s;&s;ipated, and &s;o through impotency generates much wind of any matter, as we generally ob&s;erve in Hypochondriack Melancholy, where the facul|ties mu&s;t needs be weak, and the Humours di&s;obe|dient to weak Medicines, and yet they are made ungovernable and more malignant by the more ve|hement: whereby it comes to pa&s;s that &s;uch Pati|ents are wor&s;e by the&s;e, both becau&s;e the&s;e Medi|cines neither purge <HI>flatus</HI> nor take away the Di|&s;ea&s;e; and al&s;o becau&s;e they weaken the faculty and make it the apter to breed wind. But if wind ari&s;e rather by the fault of the too thick mat|ter than from weakne&s;s of the faculty, I think it mo&s;t advi&s;eable to u&s;e Purgers. Wherefore if <HI>fla|tus</HI> be generated in the Stomach or other part through weakne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Ind. Med. l. 1. c. 6.</NOTE> I think it &s;afer to u&s;e &s;trength|ners and di&s;cu&s;&s;ers than Purgers.</P>
<P N="51">LI. The ingenious diligence of &s;ome hath inven|ted a conjunction of Narcoticks with Catharticks: for though it be confe&s;&s;ed by all, according to <HI>Ga|len</HI>'s opinion, that &s;leep &s;tays all evacuations except tho&s;e of &s;weat and the Seed, and that Narcoticks hinder the operation of Purgers, and therefore are a pre&s;ent Remedy for an <HI>hypercathar&s;is:</HI> yet it is found out by experience, that after a gentle &s;leep cau&s;ed by a Narcotick, the innate heat beeing col|lected in that time, there follows a mo&s;t &s;ucce&s;sful exclu&s;ion of Humours, by vertue of the Ca|thartick joyned with the Narcotick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alex. D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">od. Valetud. 17,</NOTE> &para; In a vehe|ment pain of the Stomach <HI>Aelidaeus</HI> in <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> mixes purgers with Narcoticks, that the pain may both be allayed, and the offending matter withal expel|led. <HI>Take of Diaphoenic. half an ounce, Philonium Roma|num two &s;cruples, with the water or decoction of Chamomel make a potion.</HI> Al&s;o in the Colick <HI>Riverius (prax. l.</HI> 10. <HI>c.</HI> 10.) pre&s;cribes this: <HI>Take of the be&s;t Aloes a drachm,</HI> of <HI>Laudanium Opiat. four grains, of Diagridium &s;ix grains, mix them,</HI> and make pills to be given at a conveni|ent hour: they allay the pain in an hour, and afterwards evacuate the Humours.</P>
<P N="52">LII. A Sudori&s;ico-cathartick Diet-drink is a de|coction that provokes &s;weat and withal evacuates by &s;tool. It is an invention of Modern Phy&s;icians, and hardly u&s;ed a few years ago, yet not invented without the hope of very great benefit: &s;eeing by the help hereof the thinner part of the Humours being re&s;olved by &s;weat, the thicker that remain, which otherwi&s;e u&s;e to re&s;tagnate &s;tubbornly in the Belly and other parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Morellus Meth. prae|&s;cr. f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rm. rem. &s; ct. 1. c 13. <HI>See a Li&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">f Appr vers in</HI> Vel&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us<HI>'s</HI> Sylloge ob&s;. 84.</NOTE> are by this means profi|tably eradicated withal. Nor need any exclaim again&s;t divers and contrary motions; for the natural heat, that is the in&s;trument of the excretive faculty, together with the expul&s;ive bears it &s;elf indifferent|ly to all motion or &s;ituation, and when the Medi|cine twitches or draws, ri&s;es up to the expul&s;ion of the morbifick matter by all the ways that are open, as experience confirms.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. Some deny that Lenitives ought to be mixt with Purgers, for in&s;tance, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> with Agarick, becau&s;e Lenitives are <HI>toto genere</HI> le&s;s powerful than Purgers and of a &s;lower operation; therefore &s;ome fir&s;t give Lenitives alone, and then Purgers by them&s;elves, namely with &s;uch a di&s;tance of time be|twixt as they think may bring them to work at the &s;ame time. But they are deceived. For tho&s;e Medicines that are only Lenients, &s;eeing they do not purge, but by their &s;lipperine&s;s and glibne&s;s car|ry down the Humours, have no proper time of ope|ration: but if there be any other thing, joined with them that may excite the Belly quickly to excretion, Emollients pa&s;s by &s;peedily; if not, &s;lowly: therefore being mixt with Purgers, accor|ding to the vertue of the&s;e they will pa&s;s through quicker or &s;lower, and they will go before &s;oftning the ways, and by their &s;lipperine&s;s gently drain forth, what the Purgers &s;hall attract,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. cont. l. 9. c. 4.</NOTE> which was the only benefit that was expected from the mixing of the&s;e together.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. Purging is hindred, either becau&s;e the Me|dicine is not di&s;&s;olved becau&s;e of its &s;olidity; or becau&s;e the natural heat, e&s;pecially of the Stomach, is &s;o weak as not to put it into act; or from the &s;ame weakne&s;s the expul&s;ive faculty is not &s;trong enough to move the Humours. Hence is a rea&s;on gathered why Elective purgers that are &s;trong and given in a large do&s;e, &s;ometimes purge le&s;s than tho&s;e that are weaker: for the &s;tronger the Me|dicine is, the &s;tronger it requires the Natural heat to be whereby it may be deduced into act. There is another rea&s;on, why many Purgers, and given in a large do&s;e, &s;ometimes work le&s;s than a few; namely becau&s;e they are overwhelmed by the mul|titude of Correctors and Alteratives that are mix|ed with them: for every <HI>men&s;truum</HI> de&s;igned for extraction, draws out as much as it can; and &s;o it ought to be proportioned and &s;pecifick with re|&s;pect to the matter to be drawn forth. So that, though, (for in&s;tance) you infu&s;e a whole ounce of <HI>Senna,</HI> adding many Correctives and Alteratives, you will have a le&s;s effect than if you drunk an in|fu&s;ion of two drachms only in wine:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer. Hert. Med. l. 8. c. 2.</NOTE> under&s;tand this of infu&s;ions and extracts: for nothing acts be|yond the bound of its activity.</P>
<P N="55">LV. A late way has been invented by &s;ome Mo|derns of injecting Purgers into the larger Veins, and communicating them to the Heart and whole Body by means of the circulation. <HI>P.I. Sachs</HI> hath gi|ven us the experiment and manner of admini&s;tration in his <HI>Oceanus Microco&s;micus:</HI> through a pipe made of Larks bones, the one end fitted to an oxes Bladder, the other in&s;erted into the <HI>vena mediana,</HI> or &s;ome fair Vein of the Foot, is a purging liquor poured in, by &s;queezing the Bladder: when the liquor is in|jected, the hole is &s;topped: thus the liquor is com|municated to the Heart, and a purgation follows in a little time.</P>
<P N="56"><PB N="784" REF="356">LVI. <HI>Bertrandus Rezius.</HI> in <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ler. c.</HI> 129. transfu&s;ed into his Wi&s;e the force and vertue of a Medicine with his Seed. I remember that the &s;ame happen'd to a Noble Man at <HI>Orleance</HI> in <HI>France;</HI> who lying with the Wench that brought him &s;ome gruel an hour after he had taken Phy&s;ick, in&s;inuated in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o her the efficacy of the Medicine, &s;o that &s;he was purged violently ten times upwards and down|wards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Dan. Hor&s;t. ob&s;. Anat. 10.</NOTE></P>
<P N="57">LVII. Purgations as they are &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;a|ry, &s;o where they are frequent they bring danger; f r by them the Body is u&s;ed not to be nouri&s;hed, and for this rea&s;on it will be infirm, &s;eeing infirmi|ty is mo&s;t obnoxious to all Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>Cel&s;us l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 3. Be&s;ides the&s;e things which <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> writeth, Purgers drain moi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e from the Body, whereby the Body is wa&s;ted and old age is ha&s;ten<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d, and the Belly al|&s;o becomes co&s;tive through dryne&s;s. Wherefore <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>aphor.</HI> 15. <HI>If any one fearing le&s;t many excrements &s;hould be heaped up in his Body, do u&s;e Purging twice, or at lea&s;t once a Month, be&s;ides that he will bring his Body to an evil cu&s;tom, he will al&s;o weaken it,</HI> &amp;c. And <HI>Avicen l.</HI> 1. <HI>f.</HI> 3. <HI>doct.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1. <HI>Phy&s;ick purgeth and inveterates:</HI> Which is chiefly true of the &s;tronger Medicines that they u&s;ed in that age, and that many u&s;e in ours, while&s;t they take Antimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Nor &s;ignifies it any thing what &s;ome &s;ay, that they take only a few grains, Becau&s;e &s;eeing it is nece&s;&s;ary that the Medicine be &s;uch as to overcome the inward heat, and not to be overcome by it, (for then it would not purge) it is nece&s;&s;ary al&s;o to infer that there is the greate&s;t contrariety betwixt &s;uch Medicines and Nature; and the fewer grains will do it, the greater mu&s;t be the contrariety;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubaeus comm. in l. c.</NOTE> and the more frequent the u&s;e of them is, the more is nature hurt.</P>
<P>&para; We mu&s;t &s;ometimes ab&s;tain from the u&s;e of Purgers, though the body be foul; for &s;ome bo|dies, if they &s;hould be purged for a whole Month, would never be pure. Sometimes nature is &s;u&s;tain|ed even by an impure blood, which happens in the cachectick and phthi&s;ical,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato apud Scholtz. Epi&s;t. 13.</NOTE> who&s;e life is &s;ome|times prolonged for many years without Purg|ers.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. Before purging, if the di&s;ea&s;e grant Truce and time, the humour is to be prepared and the ways to be opened. Thus it happens in burning Fe|vers, as al&s;o in melancholick di&s;ea&s;es, that the ex|crements of the Guts are &s;ometimes &s;o dryed in them, that they wholly &s;top up the way for carry|ing the humours forth: and unle&s;s you remove this &s;toppage by a Cly&s;ter, or correct it by adding a Laxative, what you do is to no purpo&s;e. It is &s;ome|times nece&s;&s;ary al&s;o to &s;ence the Inte&s;tins, not for fear they &s;hould be corroded by the acrimony of the humours, for this is &s;eldome done; but be|cau&s;e &s;ome Medicines by their cau&s;tick vertue may hurt their coats,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. <HI>p.</HI> 40.</NOTE> &s;uch as <HI>Vitriolum Martis</HI> and o|thers.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. It is the be&s;t to give a purge in that part of the day wherein the vertue of the Medicine can|not be infringed, which is when our &s;tomach is em|pty: Excepting re&s;inous Pills, and &s;ome Medicines that are apt to run together in the &s;tomach, and therefore have need of &s;ome liquid for a &s;olutive (I know that &s;ometimes &s;ixteen grains of the Ro&s;in of Scammony have been given to a child-bed woman, which yet for the &s;aid rea&s;on have not at all loo&s;en|ed tire Belly) and of lenitive Medicines that re|quire &s;ome chewing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 38.</NOTE> as <HI>Manna, Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>&para; I have commended purging Medicines taken a little after meals, but in a le&s;s quantity, and with an intent to procure but few Stools; but the &s;ame are not to be given in a large quantity, and for the procuring of many &s;tools in a &s;hort time: for in &s;uch ca&s;e I would have them taken on an empty &s;to|mach. We mu&s;t therefore di&s;tingui&s;h <HI>both</HI> between Purgers (&amp; &s;udorificks) when u&s;ed in a le&s;s quanti|ty, and which may &s;erve in the place of Alteratives when they expel nothing; <HI>and</HI> the &s;ame given in a larger quantity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe Append. tract. 4. &sect; 245.</NOTE> for the performing of a notable evacuation in a &s;hort time: for nothing hinders why tho&s;e may not be mixed with aliments, but the&s;e not &s;o.</P>
<P N="60">LX. Though according to <HI>Aegineta l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 6. in all thorough Purgations we mu&s;t give the Medicine fa&s;ting, and when concoction is perfectly over: yet we mu&s;t note, that in the <HI>Picrocholi</HI> or &s;uch as are of cholerick and rare natures, that fall into a Swoon or <HI>Cardialgia</HI> through the acrimony of a Me|dicine and the conflux of humours to the &s;tomach, it is fafer before the taking of the Medicine to give &s;ome aliment, which yet for its &s;mall quantity may not very much employ the dige&s;tive faculty, and may &s;trengthen the mouth of the &s;tomach that is very &s;en&s;ible, as broth of a Pullet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. Hor&s;t. in in&s;tit. di&s;p. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">9. qu. 8.</NOTE> or Pti&s;an with the juyce of Pomegranats; or give a mouthful of toa&s;ted Bread moi&s;ten'd with wine, as <HI>Avicen</HI> 4. 1. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &sect;. 1. advi&s;es.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. <HI>Hippocrates l. de Hum. v.</HI> 4. among&s;t the hin|drances of Purgation reckons up <HI>emptine&s;s of the Bow|els,</HI> by means whereof the Medicine that is given to purge, comes to be attracted by them, &s;o that the purgation goes not forward. On the &s;ame account, <HI>lib. de purg. v.</HI> 30. he has condemned purg|ing in &s;trong Fevers, becau&s;e their fle&s;h and Bellies being hot receive the Medicine, and they are no|thing purged; wherefore what the Febrile heat is the cau&s;e of in this ca&s;e, is in the former attri|buted to emptine&s;s. Whereby the unprofita|ble diligence of &s;ome Phy&s;icians is condemned, that pre&s;cribe fa&s;ting at even to tho&s;e that are to take a Purge the next morning: not minding that the contrary is commanded by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who would have Bodies to be di&s;po&s;ed for purging by much Meat and Drink: for &s;o the Humours being diffu&s;ed by the Meat and Drink, do the more rea|dily yield to the Medicine, and the danger is a|voided of the empty Bowels drawing the Medicine to them. Yet I deny not but that too much &s;atie|ty is to be avoided, e&s;pecially when the purgation is to be made downwards, le&s;t the &s;tomach being full do more difficultly &s;u&s;tain the Medicine: for <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays in the &s;ame Book, that the re|pletion of both the lower and upper parts of the Belly forbid purgation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian com. m. l. c.</NOTE> yet emptine&s;s does it far more.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. Not only before purging (which <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;eems to have commanded, <HI>aph.</HI> 9. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>when one will purge Bodies, he mu&s;t make them fluid;</HI> and there being divers ways to make a Body fluid, this by previous Cly&s;ters is not to be de&s;pi&s;ed) but al&s;o after it, for deterging the remainders of the Hu|mours that &s;ometimes &s;tick to the Guts, it will not be unprofitable to inject a &s;light and deterging Cly|&s;ter, as the be&s;t Phy&s;icians advi&s;e; for the injected Cly&s;ter rin&s;es the Guts as it were, and takes away the harm that was left by a &s;tronger Medicine, e&s;|pecially if it were of that &s;ort that have Scammo|ny in them;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. Err. popul. l. 4. c. 20.</NOTE> for that by its acrimonious faculty u&s;es to hurt the Guts: and there is the &s;ame rea|&s;on of all the more violent Medicines.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. If thick Phlegm be to be purged, <HI>Colocyn|this</HI> is mo&s;t profitable, and <HI>trochi&s;c. Alhandal</HI> made of it, as al&s;o Hermodactyls and gummy Turbith, with an addition of <HI>Merc. dulcis.</HI> For, that I may note this, in pituitous Humours, and indeed in <HI>thick Phlegm,</HI> all <HI>Mercurial</HI> Medicines are good,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; prax. <HI>lib.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 22. &sect;. 62.</NOTE> but not &s;o in <HI>Cholerick,</HI> for in the&s;e, <HI>Antimonials</HI> are de&s;er|vedly preferred, and may be conveniently made u&s;e of for all Humours.</P>
<P N="64">LXIV. 'Tis very doubtful and uncertain to gue&s;s at a fit time for giving Purging Medicines: The Phy&s;ician is often ignorant of the motion and or|ga&s;m of Nature; whence, when &s;he is preparing her &s;elf of her own accord for the expul&s;ion of noxious Humours, if the Phy&s;ician being ignorant hereof give a Purge, the Patient is ca&s;t into danger of his life. A Matron took a decoction of <HI>Senna</HI>
<PB N="785" REF="356"> with Prunes for her u&s;ual pre&s;ervation, whereby was cau&s;ed &s;o large a purgation that it degenerated in|to a dy&s;enterie that was then popular, which kill'd her three days after. Though it may be that great loo&s;ne&s;s might have happen'd without taking any Purge,<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barthol. cent. 3. Hi&s;t. 93.</NOTE> yet when matter is &s;tored up, it may be &s;tirred up and compelled to expul&s;ion upon the lea&s;t irritation.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> forbids Purging to them that are very much troubled with Pains, till the Pain be ei|ther allayed, or at lea&s;t abated; becau&s;e there is danger le&s;t the Humours being moved by the Me|dicine, &s;hould through the vehemence of the Pain be rather drawn to the pained Part, than expelled by Stool by the vertue of the Medicine: A Precept that is neglected by mo&s;t Phy&s;icians to the de&s;tru|ction of men, yet every where ob&s;erved inviolably by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> as we may &s;ee <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>de m. mul. &s;.</HI> 3. <HI>v.</HI> 148. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>v.</HI> 303. <HI>de int. aff. &s;.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 29. and in many other places:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in v. 396. l 4. de vict. ac.</NOTE> for he fir&s;t appea&s;es the Pain, and then Purges.</P>
<P N="66">LXVI. If a Phy&s;ician pre&s;cribe to a Woman with Child any Medicine that Purges ha&s;tily, the force of Nature will cau&s;e an Abortion: Pills are the longe&s;t of working; next to the&s;e, Powders; then Electuaries; but the quicke&s;t of all are Potions: We mu&s;t therefore give to Women with Child Pills,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 51.</NOTE> or the more gentle Powders not long before meal.</P>
<P N="67">LXVII. If one intend to Purge a melancholick Per&s;on, unle&s;s he add Loo&s;eners, he &s;hall not obtain his end. A certain Practitioner gave a Purge to a melancholick Per&s;on three or four times, and yet purg'd him not at all. An old Woman coming ad|vi&s;ed to take a Decoction of <HI>Senna</HI> with Prunes. He that would Purge a Phlegmatick Per&s;on, will find it nece&s;&s;ary to add &s;timulating Medicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. 50.</NOTE> &para; A noble Lady, fifty years old, wanting a Purge, con|&s;ulted me; and tells me that &s;he was not moved even by the &s;tronge&s;t Catharticks: that another Phy&s;ician had often try'd to Purge her in vain, who had pre&s;crib'd her, as &s;he &s;aid, what would have Purg'd an Hor&s;e: She was &s;trong, and her hair black and curled: I advi&s;ed her to take before Supper &s;ix Drachms of <HI>Elect. Catholic.</HI> with half a Drachm of Cream of Tartar in the form of a <HI>bolus:</HI> hereby &s;he went &s;ix times to Stool, nor did &s;he afterwards make u&s;e of any other Cathartick, having always the like &s;ucce&s;s with it.</P>
<P N="68">LXVIII. When both Phlegm and Choler have tran&s;gre&s;t their natural bounds, Choler is never to be Purged &s;trongly neglecting the Phlegm, for the Phlegm is warmed by the heat of the Choler. I have known &s;ome die of an Apoplexy by having the whole Oeconomy of their Body inclining to Phlegm through the long-continued and much u&s;e of Rhu|barb and Manna; for Choler and Phlegm temper and bridle one the other. All things in the great World would grow &s;tiff with fro&s;t, if they were not cheri&s;hed with the heat of the Sun; now what the Sun is in the World,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. Meth. l. 2. c. 25.</NOTE> the &s;ame is Choler in the Body.</P>
<P N="69">LXIX. <HI>N. N.</HI> minding to Purge his Body when the Spring was drawing on, taking a violent Purge there was pre&s;ently a tran&s;lation of the Humours made into his right Foot (which before was weak by having indured a vehement cold) which Hu|mours by their malignity and plenty &s;uffocating the weak heat of the Part, brought upon it a &s;ud|den Gangrene. Hence you may learn that it is dan|gerous to attempt with churli&s;h Medicines Bodies that are filled with impure Humours, and are either weak by Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. l. 9. Ob&s;. 25.</NOTE> or have been made &s;o by &s;ome external accident. &para; A Mini&s;ter, though in health, would needs take a Purge, whereby his Humours were pre&s;ently &s;o di&s;turbed, that he died in a few days after: for when naughty Humours are want|ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borel. ob&s;. 45. Cent. 2.</NOTE> the&s;e Remedies di&s;turb the good. See <HI>Aph.</HI> 2. 62. <HI>and</HI> 16. 4.</P>
<P N="70">LXX. In compounding of Medicines we mu&s;t &s;ee (according to <HI>Hip<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ocrates</HI> 2. <HI>Acut. t.</HI> 11.) that they be all <GAP DESC="foreign"> of a like condition, &s;uch as may exert their Vertues in an equal &s;pace of time, with a like di&s;tinction of the Faculties, and a like force; &s;o that one may not make ha&s;te and go before, and another linger behind: for by that means there will be perturbations and tumults in the Belly, Hu|mours will be &s;tirred up and produce grievous Sym|p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">oms: As if for thick Humours you give the Pods of <HI>Senna</HI> with the Seeds of Ani&s;e and wild Carrot, and add to the liquor after you have &s;train'd it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. comm. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. 11. l. 2. c. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">c.</NOTE> Sy|rup of Ro&s;es: for &s;uch Syrup brings forth the <HI>Se|rum</HI> and leaves the thicker matter and makes it more &s;tubborn. &para; Hellebore and Myrobalans en|dure not one anothers company. Such things as bring violence upon the Body, ought not to be de|tained long in it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. m. cur. l. 1. c. 41. <HI>See</HI> Valle&s;. contr. l. 9. c. 4.</NOTE> wherefore they are not to be mixed with a&s;tringents, but rather with other things that Purge briskly.</P>
<P N="71">LXXI. The Stomach is very much hurt by Hel|lebore and other violent Purgers, e&s;pecially its at|tractive Faculty: Whence it comes to pa&s;s, that whereas naturally it ought to attract Aliments, being imbued with the evil quality of the Medi|cine it draws to it &s;elf vicious Humours and &s;uch as are agreeable to the vertue of the Medicine, and is readily filled with them; wherefore unle&s;s thence|forward he be Purged again by intervals,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato apud Scholtz. com. 3.</NOTE> this vicious attraction of the Stomach is the cau&s;e of many Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="72">LXXII. <HI>Walaeus (m. m. p.</HI> 40.) commands the Body to be moved up and down when we take a Purge: for, &s;ays he, all re&s;t, or &s;leep, even in the begin|ning, hinders Purging. Yet I know that Purgation is hindred in &s;ome if they for&s;ake their Bed, and that the effect thereof is forthwith intercepted by that means: Namely, the warmth of the Feather-bed conduces to the fu&s;ion and colliquation of the Phlegm, and to its exclu&s;ion out of the Body.</P>
<P N="73">LXXIII. I do not di&s;allow of warming Purging potions before we drink them, for &s;o they &s;eem &s;ooner to begin their Operation and to be reduced into act. But yet they may no le&s;s conveniently be drunk cold in the Summer time, by &s;uch as have an hot Stomach: For very many Purgers that en|ter the compo&s;ition of the&s;e Potions, do not &s;o well endure boiling, and their vertue exhales by a gen|tle heat, at lea&s;t is dulled in part: as appears in Rhubarb, which is made more &s;luggi&s;h if it be &s;et on the fire; as its Extract teacheth, which is made fir&s;t by infu&s;ion that draweth forth its tincture and vertue, and afterwards by gentle drying is redu|ced to the con&s;i&s;tence of an Extract: for &s;ome Drachms that are &s;ufficient for &s;everal infu&s;ions, are hardly enough for one Do&s;e of the Extract, be|cau&s;e by drying the infu&s;ion the Cathartick ver|tue vani&s;hes al&s;o. Add, that a cold Potion is both more grateful,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulg. err. 4. c. 14.</NOTE> and is better retained by the Stomach.</P>
<P N="74">LXXIV. It has been the opinion of &s;ome that cold water &s;hould pre&s;ently be drunk after having taken a Purger: <HI>Bourdelotius</HI> a Pari&s;ian Phy&s;ician, endeavoured to introduce this Cu&s;tom in the North, becau&s;e he believed that the vertue of the Medi|cine was thereby increa&s;ed and promoted, and the malignity of Medicines corrected. I could not con&s;ent to his opinion, becau&s;e among&s;t our <HI>Nor|thern</HI> People the Stomach is not &s;o hot, that it has need of a cooler upon taking a Medicine:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Barthol cent. 6. h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t. 45. <HI>Se</HI> Primiro&s;. error. pop. l. 4. c. 15.</NOTE> We &s;hould rather advi&s;e hot drink, that we u&s;e to give after an hour or two, if the vertue of the Medicine be more &s;luggi&s;h.</P>
<P N="75">LXXV. Nothing is more pe&s;tilent or calamitous than to feed too freely after the Purge has done working; becau&s;e Concoction and Di&s;tribution are vitiated, for Nature hath &s;u&s;tained the force of a di&s;turbing Medicine, whence &s;he is become lan|guid and dull; and al&s;o becau&s;e perhaps you tyed him to &s;hort commons before he took it: If there|fore
<PB N="786" REF="357"> you &s;hall let him eat freely now, his Belly will be &s;topped, and there will follow a confu&s;ion of all the Ve&s;&s;els; and the fir&s;t Concoction is not amended by the &s;econd:<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Heurn. 2. de vict. ac. comm. 13. 3.</NOTE> Therefore pre&s;ently after the Pur|gation allow but a little, and afterwards more by degrees.</P>
<P N="76">LXXVI. What&s;oever <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> is rai&s;ed by any Purging Medicine, chew a wall-nut Kernel im|mediately upon it very well,<NOTE PLACE="marg">St<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">egh. in Med. Pract.</NOTE> and it will pre&s;ently go off.</P>
<P N="77">LXXVII. It was u&s;ual with the Ancients to omit their Dinner on that day they took a Purge, or Pur|gative Cly&s;ter, as we may collect from divers places of <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> It is not indeed to be affirmed that this was done without rea&s;on, for it was for fear Purgation &s;hould be interrupted by the Aliment that was taken: for by taking Meat, perfect Pur|gation is interrupted, which is perfected by fa&s;ting following: for though a Purge draw forth Hu|mours from all the Body, yet the lower Belly is more evacuated than other Parts, though in Pro|gre&s;s of time all the Body be equally emptied. Wherefore if one eat pre&s;ently after Purging, be|f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">re the emptied Belly draw from the Body, com|pleat evacuation is hindred, wherein the perfection of Purging con&s;i&s;ts: whence our Phy&s;icians offend in this, that they grant a Dinner on the Purging day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;per Mar|tian. comm. in v. 68. l. 1. Acutor. <HI>See</HI> Val e&s;. 5. Epid. p. m. 455.</NOTE> &s;o that it is no wonder if perfect Purgation very &s;eldom follow.</P>
<P N="78">LXXVIII. From which rule later Phy&s;icians be|ginning to depart, began to give Broth to &s;ome in|&s;tead of a Dinner, that they might avoid a total fa&s;ting: And hence, if <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> mi&s;take not, came the u&s;e of giving Broth after Purging: But our Phy&s;icians, retaining the u&s;e of Broth, do an hour after it allow a Dinner with a double errour, and that often in the middle of the Purging: an evident &s;ign whereof is,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pr. Martian. ibid.</NOTE> that they are purged after Dinner, &s;o that the Purgation was not fini&s;hed before.</P>
<P N="79">LXXIX. On the day that any takes a Purge, let him refrain from Salt, or from Broth that have any Salt in them, upon a twofold account, 1. Le&s;t he be made more thir&s;ty than he can well endure, ac|cording to that of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 54. <HI>Aph.</HI> 19. <HI>Who&s;oever having been Purged are not thir&s;ty, are not at quiet till they be &s;o:</HI> 2. Le&s;t there be cau&s;ed a &s;uperpurgation, for Salt doth excite Nature being dulled, and keeps the Belly loo&s;e; &s;o that it is to be feared, le&s;t on the Purging day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crucius de Quae&s;itis cent. 3. p. 259.</NOTE> by adding a &s;pur as it were, it &s;hould increa&s;e the Purgation.</P>
<P N="80">LXXX. Whether &s;hall a man &s;leep or wake after he has taken a purging Medicine? If the party have a &s;trong, hot and brisk Stomach, there is no nece&s;&s;ity of &s;leeping; but if his Stomach be weak, &s;leep is to be granted, becau&s;e according to <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. &s;.</HI> 6. <HI>text.</HI> 3. the Blood in &s;leeping re|tires inward, whence the inner Parts become hotter, and thereby the Purge will be better brought into act.</P>
<P N="81">LXXXI. We know that there is a perfect evacua|tion when the Excrements that come out la&s;t, are contrary to tho&s;e that came out before: As for in|&s;tance, If a Cholagogue Medicine be given to any to Purge choler, when pituitous Excrements come forth after bilious, we know that there has been a perfect Purgation:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. comm. in v. 73. l. de hu|mor.</NOTE> Which my &s;elf having &s;ome|times ob&s;erved in Purgations, I have foretold the term of the evacuation to the Patients with admi|ration.</P>
<P N="82">LXXXII. When we are &s;en&s;ible that the Purge any one has taken is too &s;trong, it is a very great Remedy to drink a good deal of water ha&s;tily,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. l. 5. Epid.</NOTE> and before it is &s;etled in the bottom of the Stomach to force it up again.</P>
<P N="83">LXXXIII. I know that for the prevention of Di&s;ea&s;es, whether the upper or the lower Parts of the Body be in danger of them, <HI>Hippocrates</HI> did &s;o ab|&s;tain from Purging by Stool, that I know not that he ever purged any that way for prevention, but al|ways by Vomit, as &s;ufficiently appears <HI>l. de in&s;omniis</HI> &amp; 3. <HI>de diaeta,</HI> where he treats of the prevention of Di&s;ea&s;es: Contrary to the cu&s;tom of our Moderns who make all their pre&s;ervative Purgations down|wards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. l. de humour v. 10.</NOTE></P>
<P N="84">LXXXIV. Nothing is more pernicious in Chro|nical Di&s;tempers than to macerate the Body with many &s;olutives: which though they may &s;eem to benefit at the fir&s;t, yet in time they de&s;troy, ca&s;t down the &s;trength of the Members, e&s;pecially of the natural, like as Snow when it falls upon &s;tanding-Corn, helps &s;omewhat, but at length de&s;troys it wholly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montan. con&s;. 21.</NOTE></P>
<P N="85">LXXXV. After all Purgation <HI>A&euml;tius</HI> bids us give two Drachms of the &s;eed of Mallows finely pow|dered, to moi&s;ten the dried Belly.</P>
<P N="86">LXXXVI. When you would Purge a melancho|lick Per&s;on, add Loo&s;eners, otherwi&s;e you will mi&s;s of your purpo&s;e; if a phlegmatick Per&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> then things that are pungent.</P>
<P N="87">LXXXVII. If a Purge work not in four or five hours, advi&s;e &s;tirring about: if there be no Fever, give two or three Pills of Aloes, &s;alt Broth, half an Ounce of white Tartar finely Powdered in Broth, or a common Cly&s;ter. <HI>Gal.</HI> &amp; <HI>Paulus</HI> give Ad|&s;tringents.</P>
<P N="88">LXXXVIII. <HI>Galen (lib. de cur. rat. per &s;ang. mi&s;&s;. c.</HI> 7.) lays down a <HI>fourfold</HI> difference of healthful Per&s;ons that have need to be purged in their health for pre|vention. The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> are tho&s;e whom for &s;ome years by-pa&s;t &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e has invaded by intervals, as the Gout, Falling &s;ickne&s;s, Pal&s;ie, Stone, Hypochon|driack melancholy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The <HI>&s;econd</HI> are tho&s;e who have been afflicted with &s;ome great and fearful Di|&s;temper, (as the French Pox, an inveterate Itch or Scab, the Lepro&s;ie, Scurvy) which yet was not confirmed by rea&s;on of the cure that was u&s;ed. The <HI>third</HI> &s;ort have neither been afflicted with any Di&s;ea&s;e often, nor with any that has been great and incurable, yet are di&s;po&s;ed to a Di&s;ea&s;e by &s;ome ha|bit that they have hereditarily contracted: for in|&s;tance, the &s;eeds of the Gout, Phthi&s;ick, Falling-&s;ickne&s;s, Stone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or the very &s;tructure of their Body, or the &s;trong intemperature of &s;ome Part hath made them liable and ea&s;ily &s;ubject to Di&s;ea&s;es. In the <HI>fourth</HI> rank of healthful Per&s;ons are tho&s;e com|prehended who have &s;ome u&s;ual evacuation &s;topped, as of the Terms, Hemorrhoids, or of &s;ome inve|terate Ulcer; or a wonted flux is &s;tayed, or &s;ome con&s;iderable Member is cut off. Which four &s;orts of Men, if they will con&s;ult for their &s;afety and life; while they are yet in health, they mu&s;t prevent im|pending Di&s;ea&s;es, yet tarrying for &s;ome &s;ymptom of plenitude or &s;ickne&s;s.</P>
<P N="89">LXXXIX. <HI>Hippocrates (l. de vet. Medic.)</HI> bids the Phy&s;ician to con&s;ider long and round Bellies; be|cau&s;e by looking upon them it is ea&s;ie to under|&s;tand who are able to endure &s;trong Purgations: For tho&s;e who&s;e Parts contained in the <HI>Abdomen</HI> are &s;trong and well con&s;tituted, may be &s;afely Purged; but on the contrary tho&s;e that are &s;lender and lean, cannot be &s;trongly purged without danger.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan En|chir. p. 65.</NOTE></P>
<P N="90">XC. Let not compound Purgers receive into them Medicines that are of too thin parts, as Cam|phor, for they carry to the Heart and to the mo&s;t &s;ecret parts of the Stomach the purging Medicine which is under the <HI>genus</HI> of poi&s;onous things.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondeletius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="91">XCI. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (1. <HI>de &s;al. diaeta</HI>) &s;ays we mu&s;t Vo|mit the &s;ix Winter months, becau&s;e that Sea&s;on is more Phlegmatick than the Summer, and the Di|&s;ea&s;es incident therein are about the Head and the region that is above the Midriff: But when it is Summer and hot, we mu&s;t u&s;e Infu&s;ions that Purge by Stool, becau&s;e that Sea&s;on is e&s;tuous, and the Body cholerick, and the Loins and Knees are loaded, yea and heats ari&s;e, and there are gripings in the Belly. He is wholly of a contrary opinion 4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 4. &s;aying that in the Summer we mu&s;t Purge the upper Parts by Vomit, and in Winter the lower by Stool:
<PB N="787" REF="357"> and <HI>ibid. Aph.</HI> 6. &amp; 7. that tho&s;e who are ea&s;ie to Vomit, mu&s;t be Purged by vomiting, yet not in the Winter; but tho&s;e that are hard, by Stool, yet hardly in the Summer. <HI>Galen (l. de &s;al. diaeta com.</HI> 15.) decides this difficulty, &s;aying, When there|fore Phlegm is generated in the Stomach in Winter, he advi&s;es us to purge Phlegm by vomiting; and When choler floats in it in the Summer, to draw it downwards: But if you intend to Purge all the Body, you &s;hall purge upwards in Summer and downwards in Winter, as is rehear&s;ed in the Apho|ri&s;m: For tho&s;e who abound with Humours at pre|&s;ent, are to be cured by Purging, yet &s;o as that you purge by that way whither the Humours tend: but if you would hinder the increa&s;e of Humours, you ought to withdraw them by that way that is contrary to their natural tendency.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de ind. med. l. 1. c. 9.</NOTE></P>
<P N="92">XCII. As much as may be, and the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e will bear, u&s;e &s;imple Purges: for be&s;ides that Nature di&s;pen&s;es not &s;o well with compound Medicines, it is clear to all, that they often rather hurt than help: both becau&s;e from all of them there neither always re&s;ults one only form, that may act; nor can the Simples through confu&s;ion and repugnance of contraries always exert their ver|tues: whereby it comes to pa&s;s that they move, vex and irritate the Body, and either move tho&s;e Humours that are faultle&s;s, or do not expel tho&s;e that offend.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. 1. c. 8.</NOTE></P>
<P N="93">XCIII. Note that there is a twofold <HI>Treacle,</HI> that which is but newly made, and that which is &s;ome years old, which hath undergon a due fermenta|tion. The former has a Narcotick faculty, and may be given after a purging Medicine, when there is an over-great &s;olution of the Belly, ina&s;much as it alters that hot complexion thereof that is brought upon it by the Medicine, thickens the thin Hu|mours, con&s;tipates the loo&s;ened Parts and makes them almo&s;t in&s;en&s;ible. The latter is not convenient after a Purge, becau&s;e it would more re&s;olve the &s;trength of the Body, would agitate the Humours more,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor&s;t. conci|liat. Enucl. diff. 127.</NOTE> would inflame more, and hinder the motion towards the lower Parts, in regard it moves the re&s;olved matter to the skin.</P>
<P N="94">XCIV. For the more delicate the Moderns have invented Clarified potions, that re&s;emble the form of a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lep, and are not ungrateful to the ta&s;te. A d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">le quantity of the Purgers is pre&s;cribed in them, becau&s;e by the clarifying a great deal of their vert<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e is lo&s;t. Of the&s;e take this for an ex|ample: <HI>Take of</HI> Senna <HI>clean&s;ed an Ounce, of Ani&s;eeds a Drachm, of the leaves of Succory and Maiden hair of each an handful, of Lykyrrize &s;liced half an Ounce, boil them to ten Ounces.</HI> In the &s;trained Liquor infu&s;e of the be&s;t <HI>Rhubarb two Drachms, of</HI> Ca&s;&s;ia <HI>newly drawn and</HI> Cathol. Dupl. <HI>of each an Ounce,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">River. l. xi. c. 1. Pract.</NOTE> <HI>of Tamarinds brui&s;ed half an Ounce, of Coriander &s;eed a Drachm, of the Syrup of Ro&s;es an Ounce.</HI> Let them be &s;trained and clarified according to Art, and make a Potion. Refer hither the Golden Syrup that is much u&s;ed at this day, and is very grateful, made of the infu&s;ion of Senna, with the juice of Lemons, the cream of Tartar and Manna di&s;&s;olved in it, and clarified with the white of an Egg.</P>
<P N="95">XCV. Pills work more ea&s;ily, as to the habit of the Body, in the fat, juicy well &s;et and fle&s;hy, be|cau&s;e they are moi&s;ter. But on the contrary, in ge|neral, who&s;oever have Guts that are more dry, Pills do not &s;o well with them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de m. comp. ext. p. 117.</NOTE> becau&s;e they need re&s;o|lution.</P>
<P N="96">XCVI. To bring out a <HI>vi&s;cous</HI> and acrimonious <HI>Humour,</HI> I prefer Pills prepared of Gumms before all other, &s;eeing the&s;e do both di&s;&s;olve glutinous Hu|mours, and di&s;po&s;e them to come forth the more ea&s;ily. As for example: <HI>Take of</HI> Galbanum <HI>di&s;&s;olv'd in vinegar of Squills and thickned again half a Drachm, of</HI> vitriolum Martis <HI>calcined to whitene&s;s a &s;cruple, of</HI> Tro|chi&s;c. Alhandal <HI>half a Drachm, of</HI> Diagridium <HI>fifteen Grains, of the Oil of Caraway fix drops, mix them, and make twenty five Pills and gild them.</HI> Take five or &s;even of the&s;e in the morning on an empty Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; Prax. l. 1. c. 35. &sect;. 16.</NOTE> drinking &s;ome Broth or Gruel half an hour after.</P>
<P N="97">XCVII. I purpo&s;ely omit <HI>Aloes</HI> in many Pills that I pre&s;cribe, becau&s;e it u&s;es with trouble, and &s;ometimes with hurt, to open the Hemorrhoids in many. Let the following Hydragogues be for in|&s;tance: <HI>Take of Gum</HI> Sagapenum <HI>di&s;&s;olv'd in vinegar and thickned again half a Drachm, of the Ro&s;in of Jalap a Scru|ple, of the Magi&s;terie of</HI> Gummi Gotte <HI>half a Scruple, of the Oil of Juniper berries three Drops, mix them, and make fifteen Pills.</HI> Let the Patient take five, more or fewer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Prax. l. 1. c. 35.</NOTE> as he is ea&s;ier or harder to work upon.</P>
<P N="98">XCVIII. I admit of no determination of action in Purgation, nor do I grant any Election. Con&s;ult the mo&s;t experienced Practical Phy&s;icians, inquire of the Sick and tho&s;e that wait upon them, and all of them will &s;ay with one mouth, that al|ways watry, thin and fluxile Excrements are fir&s;t evacuated, next the Phlegmatick, and la&s;tly the thicker, whether yellow or green, are brought forth by every Medicine. Moreover, which is more, if you go unto the Apothecaries Shops them&s;elves, and there examine the forms pre|&s;cribed by Phy&s;icians, you will often &s;ee that the mo&s;t celebrated Phy&s;icians have u&s;ed one and the &s;ame Medicine in purging many and divers Patients.</P>
<P N="99">XCIX. Yet from hence it follows not, that any Purge may be u&s;ed indifferently in any Di&s;tem|per. For the Humours that require to be moi|&s;ten'd, mu&s;t have moi&s;tening Purgers, as the Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, the Syrup of <HI>Senna,</HI> many &s;orts of infu&s;ions of Violets, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho&s;e which are thick and ought to be incided, require Jalap, white Me|choacan, Scammony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Nor matters it that Rhu|barb evacuates yellow bilious Excrements, <HI>Crocus Martis aperitivus</HI> blacki&s;h melancholick, and al&s;o that Flowers of Antimony do tinge with a Saffron colour; for it follows not from hence that the &s;aid Purgers do electively purge &s;uch like Hu|mours: for we mu&s;t know that the&s;e colours are not naturally in the Humours, but that they pro|ceed from the Medicines, as the Flowers of Anti|mony tinge the Humours by their Sulphur, Saffron and Rhubarb heighten the yellowne&s;s of the Urine; And if &s;ome things have this faculty without the Body, to bring a certain colour upon things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. m. m. l. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> why may not Purgers them&s;elves being re&s;olved have the &s;ame effect?</P>
<P N="100">C. The Purgative Faculty of Medicines &s;ome|times lies hid in the re&s;inous Part, &s;ometimes in the Salt: Hence Rhubarb, Agarick, Jalap, Tur|bith are very well extracted by the Spirit of Wine, and their Extract purges very well: But if you will extract <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> who&s;e vertue con&s;i&s;ts in a Salt, you labour to no purpo&s;e, for it operates chiefly in &s;ub&s;tance.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus p. 291.</NOTE></P>
<P N="101">CI. The plenty of Medicines has made us poor. If you examine all the Purgers that Authors have collected, many of them are to be expelled out of that order, &s;o that we &s;hall &s;eem to be redu|ced to &s;cantine&s;s: For there are &s;ome of them, that either through their &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s, or their vehemency are not to be u&s;ed at all, or very &s;el|dom and with great judgment. The &s;luggi&s;h are Hy&s;&s;op, Turpentine, Dodder of Tyme, Polypody, <HI>Lapis Armenus, lapis Lazuli,</HI> all which are to be ex|punged out of the Catalogue of Purgers; nor are Turbith, Hermodactyls to be admitted, though otherwi&s;e enough famed and cryed up: The juice of Violets does nothing. The too violent are black Hellebore, for it di&s;turbs the whole Bo|dy; you may make tryal of it, by putting a little of the root of it in an I&s;&s;ue. The &s;eed of the American <HI>Rieinus, Elaterium</HI> &amp; <HI>Gummi Gotte</HI> may be u&s;ed but &s;eldom,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus met. me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">2.</NOTE> May we not therefore at all u&s;e &s;trong Purgers? I an&s;wer, that we may in two ca&s;es, namely in the Drop&s;ie and Melancholy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="102"><PB N="788" REF="358">CII. Purgers (as I have known by long Expe|rience) if they be mixt with aperient Medicines in a le&s;s quantity than may &s;erve for Purging, &s;o that the vertue of the Aperients prevail, do not at all move the Belly, yea their vertue, becau&s;e it is of great activity, being turned to the pa&s;&s;ages of Sweat and Urine by the vertue of the Openers,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ro&s;p. Mar|tian. comm. in. v. 214. l. 2. &sect;. 2. de morbis.</NOTE> does &s;o increa&s;e the vertue of the&s;e latter, that both to|gether make a mo&s;t effectual Remedy, both to open, and al&s;o to provoke Sweat or Urine.</P>
<P N="103">CIII. Whether may metallick Purgers be u&s;ed &s;afely enough for pre&s;ervation? I like very well the de&s;ire of <HI>Claudius Deodatus</HI> in his <HI>Panth. Hygia&s;tic. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 63. 6. that we would ab&s;tain from &s;uch as much as may be. For though there &s;eem to precede a due and convenient preparation, yet it can hard|ly be, &s;ays he, but that &s;ome pernicious and poi|&s;onous qualities, wherewith the &s;aid Metals abound, &s;hould e&s;cape the hand of the mo&s;t ingenious Chy|mi&s;t that prepares them, and &s;o being taken within the Body, &s;hould, if not &s;uddenly, yet in progre&s;s of time exert their vertue, and privily and by &s;tealth prey upon the Nectar of our life: For, adds he, I have known but very few hither|to, that having u&s;ed this &s;ort of Purgers fami|liarly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Doring. Epi&s;t. ad Sennert. 32 cent 2.</NOTE> have either come to a due and ju&s;t old age, or have not contracted a Cachectick con&s;titution of Body.</P>
<P N="104">CIV. Vegetables need not always, like Mine|rals, a long preparation to open their <HI>compages</HI> or Body; for the&s;e often operate more &s;trongly while the mixtion is intire. For tho&s;e, who&s;e vertue con&s;i&s;ts in a &s;ubtil and volatil con&s;i&s;tence, ought not with much labour and Chymical preparation to be reduced into Extracts, Magi&s;teries or Quinte&s;&s;ences, becau&s;e mo&s;t of them, as Rhubarb, <HI>Manna, Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> Senna, Myrobalans, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> being reduced into Pills or Powder, or infu&s;ed or boiled in a fit Liquor, do operate better and more ea&s;ily; which being vexed with too much Artifice do either wholly lo&s;e their Purgative vertue, or exert it &s;lowly and with trou|ble. It is u&s;ual, for drawing out the tinctures of Vegetables, to impregnate the Liquor they are infu&s;ed in, with the Salts of Tartar or Wormwood, for &s;o the infu&s;ion &s;oon gets a deep colour. Though I do not condemn this Cu&s;tom, ina&s;much as the fixed Salts of Herbs efferve&s;ce with the acid juices of the Stomach and Inte&s;tins; yet we may detect the de|ceit that lies hid therein, &s;eeing the Salts do not draw forth that deep tincture, but only cau&s;e it to appear: for if you add the &s;alt of Tartar to an infu&s;ion of Rhubarb, <HI>Senna</HI> or other Vegetable that is already made and &s;trained, its tincture or co|lour will pre&s;ently become deeper. The rea&s;on whereof is, that the Salino fixt particles being very obtu&s;e, do &s;tuff the pores of the liquor &s;o as that the beams of the light as they pa&s;s through, are very much refringed: and therefore any tincture being made deeper by the &s;alt of Tartar, becomes pre&s;ently clearer and thinner by pouring in &s;ome Spirit of vitriol, who&s;e particles are &s;harp|pointed, without the precipitation of any matter. Yet however &s;ome of the Cathartick vegetables are mended by Chymical preparation: for &s;uch of them out of which (being full of Salt and Sulphur) the active and benign particles may be &s;eparated from the remaining more dull and malignant, and may be reduced into re&s;inous, or other kind of compendious Extracts, I &s;ay a di&s;&s;olution and new compo&s;ition of the&s;e may be undertaken to good purpo&s;e. Therefore for the due preparation of &s;ome Catharticks, we extract the Sulphureous and &s;ome of the &s;aline part with the Spirit of Wine, as in the re&s;inouS Magi&s;teries of Jalap, Scam|mony, Mechoacan, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For &s;ome we u&s;e &s;aline Men|&s;truums,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="105">CV. Yet I have met with &s;ome In&s;tances of &s;uch as having taken &s;uch Spirit by the dire|ction of a Phy&s;ician, have been very ill upon it, undergoing notable gnawings of their Stomach and Inte&s;tines, trembling of their Limbs, weakne&s;s of the whole Body and more than a two days want of appetite: The rea&s;on whereof in my opinion is, that the Purgative parts of the Spirit have returned by way of precipitation in the Stomach or Inte|&s;tins to the former habit of their ro&s;m (e&s;pecially if any thing was drunk cold upon it:) and the precipitated Particles &s;ticking in the coats of the Guts, cau&s;e griping, and a weakning of the Facul|ties, whence they often create Swoonings, Con|vul&s;ions and Tremblings, and, unle&s;s they be ab&s;ter|ged in due time and their fiercene&s;s be dulled, &s;uper|purgations.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="106">CVI. There mu&s;t needs be &s;ome &s;alino-&s;ul|phureous <HI>&s;timulus</HI> in Purgers, that may &s;olicit Nature to excretion: for we ob&s;erve that the ver|tue of Purgers is obtunded by Acids; which is a manife&s;t &s;ign that by this means their &s;aline and &s;ulphureous <HI>&s;timuli</HI> are infringed. Thus Hellebore, <HI>Coloquintida,</HI> yea Antimony it &s;elf, or rather its <HI>crocus</HI> and gla&s;s, are corrected and mitigated by the Spirit of Vitriol, or di&s;tilled Vinegar.</P>
<P N="107">CVII. There are not a few, even Practitio|ners, who think that purging Medicines, as of|ten as they operate not when they are taken, hurt very much: which Opinion I now laugh at, becau&s;e Experience hath taught me the con|trary, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For Purgers, if they be given duly, that is, in convenient quantity, time and mea&s;ure, will always benefit, never hurt the Sick, though they do not pre&s;ently purge out any of the offen|ding Humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. Ap|pend. tract. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. &sect; 234. <HI>See the title of</HI> Sudorificks.</NOTE> for in &s;uch ca&s;e they alter and correct them, and prepare them for a kindly evacua|tion afterwards.</P>
<P N="108">CVIII. If <HI>Choler</HI> abound in the Body in the Spring-time, &s;eeing it is to be feared le&s;t by the following heat of the Sun it be poured too plen|tifully out of the Gall-bladder, and many Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e hence, a Prudent Phy&s;ician will le&s;&s;en the choler, and that chiefly by <HI>Stool,</HI> as a more accu|&s;tomed way and a more ea&s;ie manner; but not by Vomit, unle&s;s in tho&s;e that u&s;e to vomit and do it ea&s;ily, who are commonly made to vomit even by Catharticks them&s;elves.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem m. m. l. 1. c. 15.</NOTE></P>
<P N="109">CIX. That <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> hath a Facul|ty to open Ob&s;tructions is true; but it does not this of it &s;elf, but when it is mixed with Purgers: For it is certain that <HI>Antimonium Dia|phoreticum,</HI> being joined to other Purgers, does increa&s;e their Purgative vertue (&s;o that a le&s;s do&s;e of them may &s;erve) without any griping of the Belly: As for in&s;tance, If to half a &s;cruple of the root of Jalap you add three or four Grains of <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Frider. Hof. man. Clav. Schrod. p. 306.</NOTE> it will work as much as if you gave a Scruple of the Root alone.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="789" REF="358">
<HEAD>Purgers.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The fermentation of <HI>Purgers</HI> varies their Do&s;e and Ver|tues. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Aloes</HI> open the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it purge the whole Body. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it hurt the Liver. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be given pre&s;ently after Meat. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it need correcting. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be wa&s;hed. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is hurtful in a dry intemperature. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of <HI>Agarick. IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Seed of <HI>Carthamus</HI> hardly purges. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> is a Purger, and not a Lenitive. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions in the giving of it. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be diuretick. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom it is hurtful. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Catholick</HI> or general Purgers. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to correct <HI>Coloquintida. XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Dwarf-<HI>Elder, Elder</HI> and <HI>Flower-de-Luce</HI> hardly purge. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hellebore</HI> needs a <HI>&s;timulus, XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is commmly given in too &s;mall a do&s;e. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purging Ointments to anoint the Belly with are not &s;afe. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Extracts be to be preferred before the Sub|&s;tance. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue and manner of giving Cry&s;tals of <HI>Luna. XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The great <HI>Hierae</HI> are not &s;afe. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hydragogues</HI> are for the mo&s;t part hurtful. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Jalap</HI> is to be given. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It &s;hould not be given when the humours are in moti|on. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is &s;afer to u&s;e it than Scammony. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How its Rofin is to be u&s;ed. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it operate in Infu&s;ion and Decoction. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>Lapis Lazuli</HI> be of the Number of Pur|gers. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom <HI>Manna</HI> is hurtful. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>At what hour to be given. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it evacuate only thin humours. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Cautions to be ob&s;erved in its u&s;e. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mechoacan</HI> is an Excellent purger. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine hinders its operation. <HI>Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Merc. dulcis</HI> mixt with <HI>Merc. vitae</HI> becomes a Ca|thartik. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis &s;afe to u&s;e <HI>Mercurius dulcis. XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurials are the be&s;t Chymical Hydragogues. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertues of <HI>Merc. dulcis. XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Other Purgers are to be joined with Mercurials. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurials are not proper for all. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &V;irulence of precipitated Mercury. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Myrobalans</HI> are not to be mixed with &s;trong pur|gers. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether to be chafed with the Oil of &s;weet Al|monds. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How gentle Pills of <HI>Aloes</HI> are to be taken. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A neat preparation and correction of <HI>Gummi Got|te. XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a <HI>Laxative Pti&s;an. XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pulvis Cornachini</HI> is a &s;afe medicin. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The temperature and correction of <HI>Rhubarb. XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its &s;ub&s;tance purges more than its infu&s;ion. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its purging Vertue is not taken away by roa&s;ting of it. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It affects the head. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Scammony</HI> when diluted with Broth is very hurt|ful. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is the be&s;t Purger, being rightly corrected. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How it is to be given. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Senna</HI> gripes. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Do&s;e is &s;ufficient. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not offen&s;ive to the Stomach. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of <HI>Turbith.</HI> Vid. Sect. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what time the Infu&s;ion, Syrup and Honey of <HI>Ro&s;es</HI> are to be fini&s;hed. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Syrup of <HI>Ro&s;es</HI> be a Lenitive, or a Pur|ger. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Syrup of <HI>Ro&s;es</HI> made of &s;everal Infu&s;ions does not cool. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Syrup of <HI>Violets</HI> made of repeated infu&s;ions is to be pre|ferred before that made of their juice. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The abu&s;e of <HI>Wormwood-wine:</HI> Where is treated al&s;o of the abu&s;e of Purges and Cly&s;ters. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wine is fitte&s;t for preparing potions of <HI>Re&s;inous</HI> things. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Simple Extracts are better than compound. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Extracts are &s;omewhat &s;luggi&s;h in their Operati|on. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Caution about infu&s;ing <HI>Senna</HI> and <HI>Rhubarb. LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Potions made of Electuaries are more certain and &s;afe than tho&s;e that are made of Infu&s;ions. <HI>LXVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1. IF <HI>purging Medicins</HI> be given alone, they ought not to exceed the highe&s;t Do&s;e: if they be given with others, if there be no fermentation, nei|ther then is the Purger to be given beyond its highe&s;t Do&s;e: But if there be a fermentation, we may exceed the highe&s;t Do&s;e, becau&s;e the Vertue of the Purgers is refringed by fermentation. Thus the highe&s;t Do&s;e of <HI>pilulae foetidae</HI> is a Drachm and an half, wherein <HI>Euphorbium</HI> is given to fifteen Grains, whereas the highe&s;t Do&s;e of it &s;elf alone ought not to exceed twelve Grains. But the&s;e Pills, unle&s;s they be fermented, are not to be given in this Do&s;e. The <HI>Hiera</HI> of <HI>Alexander</HI> is compounded of Aloes, Agarick, Polypody, Opopanax, Saga|penum, Hellebore, Coloquintida, Scammony. But &s;ome make a doubt of Scammony: For <HI>Alexander</HI> advi&s;eth when we give a Purge, to mix nothing with it for a <HI>Stimulus,</HI> &s;uch as is Scammony; for the Purge is rendred unprofitable by the Scammo|ny or <HI>Stimulus:</HI> For when we would purge Phlegm or Melancholy, which matters are purged with difficulty, 'tis not beneficial that the Purge &s;hould pre&s;ently be carried down into the Guts, but it is expedient that it &s;tay a good whil<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> in the Stomach, that it may work more effectually, and its Vertue be the better di&s;tributed. I an&s;wer, If there be a fermentation, Scammony may be mixed with other Purgers, and &s;o <HI>Alexander</HI> hath mixt it here: But if there be no fermentation of the Medicin, if it be given to purge a cold matter, then according to <HI>Alexander,</HI> nothing is to be mixed with it under the notion of a <HI>Stimulus:</HI> But if an unfermented Medi|cin be given to purge an Hot and Cholerick mat|ter, we may mix &s;omething with it for a <HI>Stimulus;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacc. 1. <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 24.</NOTE> for when a Purge is hot, it is not good for it to &s;tay long in the Stomach, but to de&s;cend pre&s;ently.</P>
<P N="2">II. Mo&s;t of the <HI>Arabians</HI> affirm that Aloes opens the Orifices of the Veins: But <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> &s;ays it has an a&s;tringent Vertue, and being drunk with cold Water re&s;trains fluxes of Blood. <HI>Galen,</HI> (6. <HI>&s;impl.</HI>) &s;ays that it glutinates. I &s;ay that <HI>Aloes</HI> applied out|wardly &s;huts the Orifices of the Veins, and &s;o &s;tops the Blood from i&s;&s;uing forth: But being taken in|wardly, &s;o as to penetrate into the Veins, it pro|motes the fluxion of the Blood: For being applied outwardly it has a conden&s;ing, a&s;tringing and glu|tinating Vertue; but the &s;ame taken inwardly, be|cau&s;e it attenuates very much, makes the Blood hot|ter, and fu&s;es it as it were. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and <HI>Pliny</HI> &s;ay indeed, that being taken inwardly in drink, it &s;tops a flux of Blood, but they &s;peak of &s;pitting of Blood cau&s;ed by the opening of &s;ome Vein;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. de la Boe Sylvius <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 34. Sennert. <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 3. <HI>p.</HI> 252. <HI>c.</HI> 13.</NOTE> for then it is in&s;tead of an external remedy, for being drunk it flows to the open Orifice of the Vein and &s;huts it, ju&s;t as it does when applied outwardly to &s;ome wound. I omit Aloes on purpo&s;e in mo&s;t of the Pills I pre&s;cribe, becau&s;e it is wont to open the He|morrhoids in many with trouble, and &s;ometimes with hurt.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="790" REF="359">III. Whether does <HI>Aloes</HI> purge the whole Body? <HI>Galen</HI> (6. <HI>&s;impl.</HI>) places it among the Medicins that evacuate the <HI>faeces</HI> or dung: The &s;ame Per&s;on (<HI>Lib. de Theriaca ad Pi&s;on. Cap.</HI> 4.) &s;ays it purges the whole Body; I &s;ay, Fir&s;t, Being taken in a &s;mall quantity, it evacuates out of the Stomach and guts; but in a greater, it draws from the whole Body. Secondly, Seeing the Di&s;tempers of the Head and upper parts commonly ari&s;e by con&s;ent from the lower, the&s;e latter being purged,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. <HI>Phar|mac. C.</HI> 5.</NOTE> the Head and whole Body be|come freed from excrements.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Whether is <HI>Aloes</HI> an enemy to the Liver? <HI>Pliny L.</HI> 17. <HI>C.</HI> 4. <HI>Paulus L.</HI> 7. <HI>C.</HI> 4. and <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> &s;ay that it helps the Liver: <HI>Avicen</HI> 14. 3. <HI>tr.</HI> 4. affirms that it hurts it. I &s;ay, <HI>Aloes</HI> hurts an hot Liver. <HI>Galen</HI> 3. &khgr;. &tgr;. <HI>c.</HI> 2. &s;ays that even wa&s;hed it is very bad for tho&s;e that labour under an hot and dry intempera|ture without vitious humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Whether may <HI>Aloes</HI> be taken pre&s;ently after Meat. The Author of the Book <HI>de &s;impl. med.</HI> a&s;|cribed to <HI>Galen,</HI> writes thus, <HI>Some after &s;upper &s;wal|low two or three Gr. of Aloes, about the bigne&s;s of a &s;mall Pea&s;e, becau&s;e it helps concoction, and corrupts not the Victuals. Pliny, L.</HI> 27. <HI>C.</HI> 4. If the Victuals be hard to concoct, Aloes is taken a little &s;pace after Supper. On the contrary <HI>Paulus, L.</HI> 7. <HI>C.</HI> 4. &amp; 6. forbids Aloes after Meat, becau&s;e pur|gation is hindred by the Victuals, and the&s;e are moreover corrupted by it. I &s;ay, <HI>Pliny</HI> gives it in a very &s;mall quantity to &s;trengthen and help con|coction; and the Author of the Book <HI>de &s;impl. med.</HI> orders only two or three Grains, which quantity may &s;trengthen the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> but cannot purge: If it be taken in a large quantity, it will offend the Stomach and corrupt the Meat.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Whether does it need correction? Accor|ding to <HI>Paulus, L.</HI> 7. <HI>C.</HI> 4. it needs no other Medicin to be mixed with it to retund its ill quality; for it is a &s;afe Medicin, and &s;trengthens the parts: Yet <HI>Galen</HI> 8. &khgr;. &tgr;. <HI>C.</HI> 2. bids us add Ma&s;tich and Cinamon. I &s;ay, there is a double quality in Aloes, as bitter and an a&s;tringent; this latter is grateful to the Stomach, the former offen&s;ive and overturns it, and this <HI>Galen</HI> tames with Ma&s;tich and Cinamon. &para; <HI>We|delius</HI> notes concerning it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> 1. That it is better ex|tracted, for lenifying, by watry Liquors than by Spirituous: 2. That it operates better in a le&s;&s;er Do&s;e: 3. That it is better for drinkers of Beer or Ale, than for Wine-drinkers.</P>
<P N="7">VII. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and <HI>Serapio</HI> teach that Aloes is to be wa&s;hed; 1. For &s;eparating the earthy and gravel|ly part, for curing Di&s;tempers of the Eyes. 2. To take away its purgative Vertue, and increa&s;e its a&s;tringent. 3. To intend its Purgative. But <HI>wa&s;h|ing</HI> is improperly &s;poken of pure Aloes; and to what end is the wa&s;hing it with Water, and the drying of it by the heat of the Sun to be repeated? For what Vertue can accrew to it from the Water, by which it ought to be &s;o often di&s;&s;olved and dried again, if otherwi&s;e it be pure and pellucid? If it be defiled with <HI>Sordes</HI> or dro&s;s, I grant it is to be di&s;|&s;olved and &s;trained, that it may become clearer and purer; but that is more conveniently done by the Spirit of Wine, which withal extracts its re&s;inous and Bal&s;amick part, than by Water, that leaves that untoucht; and then it will &s;uffice to di&s;&s;olve it only once, and to thicken it after it has been di&s;|&s;olv'd: For by tho&s;e repeated &s;olutions and in&s;pi&s;|&s;ations the Aloes is not made better, but is rather de&s;troyed after the manner of all purging Vegeta|bles. I like that way be&s;t of all, when the Aloes <HI>(Soco|trina)</HI> being pouder'd, there is pour'd on it by repeated turns either the Juice of Violets in&s;pi&s;&s;ated with the Juice of Peach flowers, or the Juice of Ro&s;es, and the Juice is permitted to be dried away by a gentle heat. Tho&s;e offend more that ca&s;t away the Liquor wherein the pure&s;t part of the Aloes is di&s;&s;olved, and call that feculent part which they keep, wa&s;ht Aloes. 'Tis true indeed, that this purges le&s;s than that which is not wa&s;ht, namely,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sennert.</HI> in paralip. ad in&s;tit. C. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> becau&s;e the be&s;t part is &s;eparated from it, the <HI>faeces</HI> only being left with a &s;mall quantity of Aloes. &para; This is that re&s;idence which <HI>Helmont</HI> rejects, when he &s;ays, that, that which remains from the wa&s;hing, by its &s;tic|king to the Inte&s;tins cau&s;es Griping, and the He|morrhoids. Aloes con&s;i&s;ts of a re&s;inous part and a watry: The former is unfit for purging, but this fit. Wherefore if you de&s;ire a purging Aloes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schrode|rus.</NOTE> letting alone the re&s;inous part gather the watry that will di&s;&s;olve in the Water, and is &s;eparated from the <HI>faeces.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Aloes</HI> is friendly to the Stomachs of old Men, not only becau&s;e old Men are cold (for it has a drying and heating Vertue) but al&s;o becau&s;e they are very prone to breed an acid crudity, which their acid &s;weats and other things &s;hew: Now bit|ter things do be&s;t of all correct an acid crudity, and therefore al&s;o re&s;i&s;t putrefaction. Yet in the mean time it is not to be given ra&s;hly to tho&s;e that la|bour under a dry intemperature without vitious Humours, and have an hot Liver; e&s;pecially the re&s;inous part extracted by the Spirit of Wine; for this has a fiery heat as it were, it attenuates and dries very much, and makes the Blood hotter, and does not only not &s;trengthen the bowels appointed for Sanguification,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. <HI>clav. Schrod. p.</HI> 634.</NOTE> but hurts them by fu&s;ing the Blood as it were, and by being oppo&s;ite to their Natural Con&s;titution, and opens the Orifices of the Veins.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Turbith</HI> and <HI>Agarick</HI> require Ginger to cor|rect them, if thick Phlegm be to be evacuated; but they refu&s;e it, if thin Phlegm, or the excrements of other humours that flow upon the Joints, be to be attracted and averted from the Joints.</P>
<P N="10">X. The Seed of <HI>Carthamus</HI> does not &s;o much purge as &s;tir up <HI>flatus.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus</HI> m. m. p. <HI>45.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. <HI>Ca&s;sia</HI> does not, as mo&s;t have thought, there|fore loo&s;en the belly, becau&s;e it is &s;oft and &s;lippery, but becau&s;e it has a peculiar purgative faculty, whereby it withdraws both Choler and Melancho|ly and thick Phlegm, not only out of the Guts, but al&s;o in great plenty out of the whole lower Belly;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Enchir.</HI> med. pract. p. <HI>233.</HI></NOTE> it is therefore good for the Melancholick to u&s;e it often.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Let Meat be taken pre&s;ently after <HI>Ca&s;sia,</HI> le&s;t it pa&s;s into nouri&s;hment<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">Sanches.</NOTE>. Berberies take away its heat<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">Fontano|nus.</NOTE>; Ani&s;eeds its windine&s;s<NOTE N="c" PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE>: It is offen&s;ive to the Stomach and Guts when they are ami&s;s<NOTE N="d" PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>: It hinders any judgment to be made of the <HI>faeces</HI><NOTE N="e" PLACE="marg">Dodonae|us.</NOTE>: It cau&s;es a <HI>nau&s;ea</HI><NOTE N="f" PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE>: It hurts the hypochondriacal, be|cau&s;e it is naught for the Stomach and guts: It loo&s;ens the <HI>acetabula</HI> in Women with Child: It cau&s;es a prefocation of the Womb, as does al&s;o Manna<NOTE N="g" PLACE="marg">Dom. Sa|la.</NOTE>: It debilitates the ligaments in the Gouty. In vapid Di&s;tempers its correction with Citron &s;eeds is not to be relied upon, unle&s;s the <HI>Spec. Diarrhodon Abbatis</HI> be added<NOTE N="h" PLACE="marg">Provo|tius.</NOTE>: It &s;ometimes brings on a <HI>Cataphora,</HI> as do al&s;o the compo&s;itions it is received into, through the fumes wherewith it fills the head<NOTE N="i" PLACE="marg">Rondelet.</NOTE>.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Tho&s;e are not to be imitated that give it in Di&s;tempers of the Kidneys, and when they are foul, or when the Bladder is inflamed; for though it be gentle, yet it is a diuretick Medicin, calling forth the humours that it draws,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut: <HI>Pharmac. C.</HI> 2.</NOTE> to the Kidneys and Bladder.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Let it not be given to tho&s;e that have an ulcer in their Reins or Bladder: Yet it is good for tho&s;e who are troubled with the Stone, for being u&s;ed for a continuance it withdraws the <HI>focus</HI> of the Gravel. It is not lightly to be given in the Gout,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius</HI> m. m. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>22. Merc.</HI> l. de Ind. Med. c. <HI>1.</HI> l. <HI>6. Saxon.</HI> Prael. Pract. p. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> for part of it pa&s;&s;es into nouri&s;hment, and &s;o makes the parts loo&s;e and liable to fluxions. &para; It is very nought for tho&s;e that have u&s;ed too much Venery, and thereby abound with crude humours, becau&s;e it is flatuous and griping. &para; <HI>Ca&s;sia</HI> through laxity hurts an inflamed Stomach, for when the pa&s;&s;ages are loo&s;en'd the humours flow thither more ea&s;ily, and in the beginning Repellents are to be u&s;ed.</P>
<PB N="791" REF="359">
<P>&para; <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> (L. 4. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 34.) ob&s;erved heat of Urine to be cau&s;ed by it.</P>
<P N="15">XV. I would have tho&s;e that betake them&s;elves to the Practice of Phy&s;ick to ob&s;erve, that the Phy|&s;icians that undertake to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick all over <HI>France</HI> (yea and the Dutch <HI>Netherlands</HI>) get abun|dance of Money by tho&s;e Remedies that draw forth diver&s;e humours by one Channel, which they u&s;e to the benefit of their Patients for the mo&s;t part, and therefore their whole art almo&s;t con&s;i&s;ts therein. Wherefore I advi&s;e everyone to endeavour earne&s;tly to have in readine&s;s choice Medicins that are nota|bly endued with this faculty.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurnius,</HI> m. m. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Coloquintida</HI> purges &s;trongly, e&s;pecially the Brain; but its Operation is violent, and it is very offen&s;ive for its great bitterne&s;s: Both the&s;e faults are corrected by infu&s;ing it in Urine; for by that means it both lo&s;es its bitterne&s;s, becoming almo&s;t in&s;ipid, and al&s;o its violence is &s;o much broken, that it may be &s;afely given to a Drachm: and &s;o it becomes an excellent remedy for all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head ari&s;ing from a cold cau&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 15.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. <HI>Elder, Dwarf-elder,</HI> and <HI>Flower-de-luce,</HI> are to be excluded out of the Li&s;t of Purgers; for though they do not purge much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> yet that which they do evacuate, they do it with very great violence.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Always when Hellebore is given in a &s;mall quantity, we mu&s;t add to it <HI>Diagridium</HI> or &s;ome other &s;trong Medicin that may drive it forth of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rondelet.</HI> c. de Para|ly&s;i.</NOTE> otherwi&s;e it will &s;tay too long therein, and cau&s;e great di&s;turbance and prejudice.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Black Hellebore is innocent: It is good for Quartan Agues, and for all &s;tubborn Melancholick and Phlegmatick Di&s;ea&s;es: A learned Phy&s;ician gave half an Ounce of it for a Quartan, and cured his Patient thereby; having fir&s;t given one and two Drachms in vain and without purging:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurn.</HI> comm. in lib. <HI>2.</HI> de vict. acut. t. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> It is given in Hydromel or Mead; or in a Decoction of Poly|pody, with the Seeds of Ani&s;e and Cummin, and Lykyrrhize.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Fernelius</HI> de&s;cribes an Ointment, that being daubed on the Belly purges violently; but you can hardly make Tryal of it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. Med. Pract. p. <HI>240.</HI> See <HI>Hild.</HI> l. de dy&s;ent. c. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> or the like without Cen|&s;ure and lo&s;s of Reputation: For the Purgative Vir|tue in&s;inuating it &s;elf into the Mu&s;cles and Mem|branes often cau&s;es a deadly flux of the Belly.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. Whether are Purgers to be given in Sub|&s;tance, or in the Extract? Seeing there is but one part of purging Medicins, that purges, and every Particle thereof has not that Virtue in it, it is very advi&s;able, by Chymi&s;try to &s;eparate the profitable part from the unprofitable, the pure from the im|pure, and to extract the purgative part by &s;ome convenient Liquor; for that part that remains un|extracted, will not purge at all, though you give three or four Ounces of it, excepting only <HI>Coloquin|tida.</HI> A Decoction works le&s;s than an Infu&s;ion; an Extract more; for in an Extract there is nothing but the re&s;inous purging part, but in an Infu&s;ion there is &s;till a good deal of the Liquor: This you may experiment by pouring cold Water into an Infu&s;ion, for the re&s;inous Sub&s;tance will be precipitated,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus,</HI> m. m. p. <HI>49.</HI></NOTE> and a Liquor of no efficacy will &s;wim over it. &para; Note, that in Extracts there is need of a &s;egregative and a di&s;&s;olutive.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem, p. <HI>48.</HI> &amp; <HI>50.</HI></NOTE> Lately there was given to a Woman in Child-bed a Drachm of the Ro&s;in of Scammo|ny without purging. &para; In making of purging Po|tions we had need take heed, that we mix not &s;uch things as heat and dry much with a few Purgers, for whil&s;t they purge but &s;lightly, there will be danger through the Subtilty of the remedy, le&s;t the hu|mours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurn.</HI> meth. ad prax. l. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> being agitated and attenuated, be imbibed by the Noble parts, and &s;liding throughly into them ob&s;truct the more ob&s;tinately.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Among&s;t Medicins purely Chymical, <HI>Luna</HI> or <HI>Silver</HI> is de&s;ervedly commended, being di&s;|&s;olved by the Spirit of Nitre, and then brought in|to <HI>Cry&s;tals:</HI> It is a powerful Hydragogue and an ex|cellent Melanagogue. The Do&s;e is to Four, Five or Six Grains. It is be&s;t taken in the form of Pills, &s;eeing it is very bitter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">oe. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 9. &sect;. 20.</NOTE> It is commended not only in the Drop&s;ie, but al&s;o very much in all Me|lancholick Di&s;tempers.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. <HI>Aetius</HI> greatly cries up the <HI>Hiera</HI> of <HI>Ruf|fus,</HI> for he affirms that it evacuates naughty mat|ters only, without touching the good; that it &s;trengthens the Stomach, creates an Appetite, and di&s;cu&s;&s;es Wind. But that I may deliver my Opi|nion, the u&s;e of the great <HI>Hiera</HI>'s &s;eems un&s;afe to me; and I affirm this both from Experience and Rea&s;on: From <HI>Experience;</HI> for when I &s;aw them given in <HI>Italy,</HI> by Phy&s;icians that were otherwi&s;e Learned, I never knew it done without prejudice and trepida|tion; for they bred very grievous Symptoms: From <HI>Rea&s;on;</HI> for there enters into their compo&s;i|tion <HI>Coloquintida</HI> not duly prepared, and who&s;e quality is not rendred mild enough by the addition of the <HI>aromata</HI> (or Spices:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurn.</HI> de morb. c. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE>) Therefore I would ra|ther advi&s;e to u&s;e <HI>trochi&s;c. Alhandal</HI> in its &s;tead.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. <HI>Hydragogue</HI> Medicins are almo&s;t infinite, and full of danger, for by a certain Natural filthi|ne&s;s they are adver&s;e to the Liver, and Principal parts: And therefore they are never given to the benefit of the Patient, unle&s;s &s;uch things be mixed with them as may wa&s;h away that filthy injury; and add &s;trength to the Noble <HI>Vi&s;cera:</HI> For the Liver generally langui&s;hes when it is moi&s;ten'd with an in|cur&s;ion of Water. Wherefore Rea&s;on per&s;uadeth, and experience teacheth, that they are to be given with <HI>Me&s;ue</HI>'s Syrup of <HI>Eupatorium,</HI> or Agrimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho&s;e that are more gentle, may be given to &s;oft Men, and &s;ometimes to Women with Child, but not ra&s;hly: The &s;tronger are neither to be given to Children, nor to old Men, nor to Women with Child, for they provoke the Terms, and very of|ten precipitate the <HI>foetus.</HI> Nor are they to be pre|&s;cribed to the wa&s;ted or cholerick, nor to tho&s;e &s;ick of a Fever, or an acute Di&s;ea&s;e; nor are they good in very hot weather:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. <HI>meth. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 26.</NOTE> For the&s;e &s;hould be &s;et apart for &s;trong Men, that have been long held with cold di&s;ea&s;es, and that when the Weather is temperate and cool.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. <HI>Jalap</HI> is to be accounted to be very like to <HI>Scammony,</HI> or is very re&s;inous like it, &s;o that tho&s;e cautions which<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>1.</HI> de Me|dic. Offic. c. <HI>34.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Hofman</HI> will have to be ob&s;erved in the u&s;e of Scammony, are by no means to be neglected by young Practitioners. He &s;ays, 1. Let not Scammoniate Medicins be given to tho&s;e who&s;e Stomach (I comprehend the Inte&s;tins) is weak, &s;uch as are commonly the Hypochondriack. 2. Nor to the hot, and &s;uch as are prone to Fevers, for it very much di&s;turbs their Bodies. 3. Nor in particular to tho&s;e that are apt to &s;wooning, perhaps by rea&s;on of the Mouth of the Stomach. 4. Nor let it be given in Sub&s;tance in Broth. Yea, I remember, that it has often happen'd to &s;ome Individuals, that a Scruple of Jalap or but &s;ix or Seven Grains of its Ro&s;in have cau&s;ed a Superpurgation. At <HI>Copenhagen,</HI> there is to be &s;old in the Shops <HI>Spec. Diagialapae,</HI> which other Practitioners commend to their Patients daily with good &s;ucce&s;s; and yet that excellent Per&s;on <HI>N.</HI> u&s;ed this Medicin unhappily, which had been approved of for &s;o many years. So true is it, what <HI>Hofman</HI> very well ob&s;erves<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Ob&s;. <HI>9.</HI> de Medic. Offic. c. <HI>34.</HI></NOTE>, That all Medicins do not pre&s;ently betray their Malice: For <HI>Cantharides</HI> (for in&s;tance) do at length put forth their exulcerating faculty in the Kidneys. So though Scammony (I add Jalap) do not very much offend the Throat or Palat, yet it offends the Stomach, Liver, and other inner parts. Indeed it has &s;ome thin and fiery parts, &s;ome earthy adu&s;t (which I u&s;e to call Sulphureous and Saline:) and by the&s;e latter it ab&s;terges indeed, but by the former it very powerfully di&s;cu&s;&s;eth, opens, attenuates and at|tracts. Thus <HI>Sennertus</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">In para|lip. ad iu|&s;tit.</NOTE> declares, that neither <HI>Rhubarb,</HI> nor the Leaves of <HI>Senna,</HI> nor Scammony or other Purgers are &s;o apt to make the Hemorrhoids flow in tho&s;e that are di&s;po&s;ed to them as Aloes, that is,
<PB N="792" REF="360"> the malice of Aloes fir&s;t betrays it &s;elf in the <HI>Anus,</HI> or &s;treight Gut. So I have been taught by <HI>Fabritius,</HI> that the u&s;e of <HI>Crocus metallorum</HI> is to be avoided by old Men, and &s;uch as are &s;ubject to the falling out of the <HI>Anus,</HI> becau&s;e it is injurious to the Sphincter there|of. Jalap therefore is not &s;o gentle, as many per|&s;uade them&s;elves. And I am more and more con|firmed in the Opinion that Jalap and Scammony are of the &s;ame nature and temperature, which (Scam|mony) <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> &s;ays indeed is hot and dry in the third degree, but <HI>Tabernaement,</HI> after <HI>Dodonaeus,</HI> hath de|termin'd, it ought to be ranked with the moderate|ly hot and dry: Therefore we mu&s;t by no means &s;ub&s;cribe to tho&s;e that write that Jalap is hot and dry in the Fourth Degree. Yet I deny not, but that the re&s;inous juice of Jalap newly pre&s;t out, and as yet not thickned by art, is far hotter and more acrimonious than the Roots of Jalap cut into &s;lices and dried, which purge out &s;erous humours by their whole &s;ub&s;tance, not as they are hot. Thus the expre&s;&s;ed juice of our Country Flower-de-luce is very acrimonious, and burns the Throat as it were of hydropical Per&s;ons, which thing is not ob&s;er|ved even in the <HI>Florentine</HI> Flower-de-luce dryed. Hence <HI>Hofman</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>1.</HI> De Med. Offic. c. <HI>20.</HI></NOTE> teaches that fre&s;h Flower-de-luce is hot and dry in the Fourth Degree, but that be|ing dried it &s;tays at the Fir&s;t Degree, or however does not a&s;cend above the Second; though others declare it to be hot and dry in the Third Degree. What is therefore taught of the hotne&s;s of Jalap, is to be under&s;tood of the fre&s;h, and in its native Soil, and not of the dried.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It ought not to be given when the humours are in motion, for then even a Grain or two will cau&s;e a &s;uperpurgation, as if one had taken too large a Do&s;e: So a Merchant of <HI>Lip&s;ick</HI> died of &s;uch a &s;u|perpurgation, that had taken a Drachm of Jalap. But yet there is not always the &s;ame danger,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Amman.</HI> Med. Crit. p <HI>49.</HI></NOTE> for I my &s;elf have been very well purged by the &s;ame Do&s;e in a turgency of the <HI>Serum,</HI> from a &s;uddain <HI>impetus</HI> whereof my Face had &s;well'd wonderfully, which fell again quite in an hours time: Yet it &s;hould ra|ther be u&s;ed for a <HI>Stimulus,</HI> and e&s;pecially its ro&s;in.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. But if any &s;hould ask me, whether I thought <HI>Jalap</HI> or <HI>Scammony</HI> &s;afer, I &s;hould &s;ay that <HI>Jalap</HI> were; becau&s;e that Scammony which is fet|ched from <HI>Antioch,</HI> the famou&s;e&s;t Mart of <HI>Syria,</HI> and from <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> and is brought to us, is for the mo&s;t part (as <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> te&s;tifieth, <HI>L.</HI> 4. <HI>C.</HI> 17.) adulte|rated with the Juice of <HI>Tithymalus</HI> or Wolfs Milk, or however is not gathered after one manner, whence 'tis no wonder that it evacuates Choler and Phlegm &s;ometimes mo&s;t enormou&s;ly, and &s;ometimes very gently and without torment. On the contrary the &s;olid, dried and re&s;inous roots of Jalap are im|ported hither from <HI>America,</HI> of which (adulterated by no tricks) we artificially prepare a Magi&s;tery or Ro&s;in. I u&s;e to infu&s;e it for a Night upon hot A&s;hes from half to a whole Scruple in a Spoonful or two of Cinamon Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. <HI>Pauli</HI> Quadrip. Botan. p. <HI>473.</HI></NOTE> and without &s;training to dilute it in a draught of Pti&s;an (or Cream of Barley) prepared without Milk.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. If any would pre&s;cribe the Ro&s;in of <HI>Jalap</HI> in liquid purging mixtures, let him order it to be &s;tamped a little with the Oil of &s;weet Al|monds, for otherwi&s;e &s;uch mixtures will work little or nothing, and they will rather &s;tick to the Sto|mach and Inte&s;tins by their clammine&s;s, which will cau&s;e Griping and Colick pains.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bar|thol. <HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Hi&s;t.</HI> 69.</NOTE> &para; Otherwi&s;e it is found by frequent experience, &s;ays <HI>Rolfinccius, Di&s;&s;.</HI> 1. <HI>Cap.</HI> 2. <HI>Of Tartar,</HI> that a Scruple of the be&s;t re&s;inous Jalap has by loo&s;ening the Belly very happily cured Colick pains that even threatned a Jaundi&s;e, even without premi&s;ing a Cly&s;ter, which al&s;o does not always do its Office when plentiful <HI>faeces</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;s the beginning of the <HI>Colon</HI> on the right &s;ide near the right Kidney.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hof|man. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 8.</NOTE></P>
<P N="29">XXIX. 'Tis mo&s;t common to u&s;e the root of <HI>Jalap</HI> in the form of a decoction or infu&s;ion: But &s;eeing its Vertue is lodged in its ro&s;in, and its ap|propriate <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> is neither Wine nor Water, but only Spirit of Wine, therefore it may be with Rea&s;on doubted, whether &s;uch decoctions and in|fu&s;ions receive the Vertue from the&s;e Roots. Some think that it will help, if the Jalap being brui&s;ed be fir&s;t &s;teeped in the Spirit of Wine, for &s;o its Tincture being drawn is mixed with other Li|quors with good &s;ucce&s;s. Moreover the purgative Vertue, that is lodged chiefly in the Ro&s;in, is com|municated to Wine and Beer after dige&s;tion: Ex|perience witne&s;&s;eth that the&s;e Liquors purge; therefore we need not proceed &s;o &s;trictly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinc.</HI> meth. gen. p. <HI>507.</HI></NOTE> but may u&s;e it &s;ometimes in decoctions and infu&s;ions, when there is an indication for purging a Phlegmatick and Serous humour.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. Some put <HI>Lapis Lazuli</HI> in the Li&s;t of Poi|&s;ons. The Greeks attribute to it a Vertue to gnaw moderately, to deterge cru&s;ts and to exulce|rate: Whom <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> following &s;ays it has a Vertue to burn, ulcerate and putrefie. <HI>Fuch&s;ius</HI> (in <HI>parad.</HI>) thinks that none of the ancient <HI>Greeks</HI> gave it for purging black Choler, as not being to be taken without great hurt. But verily it ought not to be numbred &s;imply among Poi&s;ons, but only among&s;t the &s;tronger Purgers that want not all Malignity, and it has been &s;ucce&s;sfully u&s;ed by the <HI>Arabians</HI> and Moderns in the cure of Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;ing from black Choler. Yea <HI>Me&s;ue</HI> attributed to it moreover a Vertue to comfort, exhilarate and pre&s;erve youth; upon which account the <HI>Arabians</HI> have receiv'd it into <HI>conf. Alkermes.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. <HI>Manna,</HI> becau&s;e of its plenty of <HI>Flatus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Holler.</HI> de morb. int. c. <HI>41.</HI></NOTE> and becau&s;e it is apt to turn into Choler, cannot be given &s;afely to the Cholerick, and to tho&s;e who&s;e Inwards are much burned.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. Now I would give it in the evening, for it works better then, as the manner is at <HI>Rome,</HI> where they give it at Night to chu&s;e, and they find that it operates more happily, but pre&s;ently before Meal: It is given from an Ounce and an half,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Montan. <HI>con&s;ult.</HI> 43.</NOTE> to two Ounces.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Though <HI>Manna</HI> evacuate thin hu|mours, yet we mu&s;t not ab&s;tain from it when the humours are prepared, that are in the Me&s;araick Veins, e&s;pecially in a Catarrh joined with a fever. I have often &s;een that <HI>Manna,</HI> though it evacuate thin humours, does open ob&s;tructions, and a pre|paration being made, I have &s;een a <HI>cri&s;is</HI> effected.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Let not <HI>Manna</HI> be given crude, but boiled, becau&s;e it abounds with <HI>Flatus;</HI> and with acrimonious things, as Thyme and Hy&s;&s;op, that its action may be the quicker.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofman.</NOTE> &para; Let it not be given alone in hot Di&s;ea&s;es, Natures or Sea&s;ons, but either with Whey, or &s;ome cooling Liquor. &para; If thick humours be to be evacuated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin.</NOTE> let the Cream of Tartar, or Oxymel &s;imple be added. &para; Be not over long in eating after it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac. Montan.</NOTE> for other|wi&s;e it is rendred ineffectual, becau&s;e it turns to nouri&s;hment.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Mechoacan</HI> is a Divine Medicin in &s;pu|rious, compound, erratick Fevers: it purges bilious humours both thin and thick, and al&s;o thin and thick Phlegm; it expells putrid humours, re&s;olves and di&s;cu&s;&s;eth <HI>Flatus;</HI> clean&s;eth the Liver, by ope|ning Ob&s;tructions, and greatly &s;trengthning. It cures Ob&s;tructions, and all Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;ing there|from: It is good for Di&s;ea&s;es of the Kidneys from thick humours; of the Womb from thick <HI>Flatus;</HI> for all difficulty of Breathing; for pains of the Guts and Stomach, greatly &s;trengthning and heat|ting the Stomach: It clean&s;eth the Brain and Nerves; is excellent for the Gout, and other pains of the Joints. La&s;tly, All tho&s;e Vertues are found in it, that are found in Agarick and Rhubarb mixt together, before which it is to be preferr'd. But 'tis requi&s;ite this Root be fre&s;h,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabelcho|ver. <HI>cen.</HI> 1. <HI>cur.</HI> 13.</NOTE> not woody or rot|ten, le&s;t it perform not what is expected. &para; It is given in Beer, or is mixed with Con&s;erves, or
<PB N="793" REF="360"> al&s;o &s;olutive Electuaries: Pills are likewi&s;e made of it: It exerts little or nothing of its Vertue in Infu&s;ion: And we mu&s;t take heed, that we drink no Wine at Dinner, for that not only &s;lackens and dulls its Faculties, but al&s;o wholly hinders and de&s;troys them. Therefore when it makes one faint by purging too much,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Abr. Seiler <HI>in Epi&s;t. Scholtz.</HI> 9.</NOTE> give a draught of Wine or a Toa&s;t-&s;teept in Wine.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> or the <HI>Panchymag.</HI> of <HI>Quercetan,</HI> being fortified with <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> &s;o as Two Grains of this latter be added to Seventeen of the former, is a very good Cathartick. But note that this mixture is to be ground diligently on a Marble for &s;ome hours, for by that means the Vomitive Vertue of the <HI>Merc. Vitae</HI> is dulled,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. <HI>prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 4. &sect;. 1.</NOTE> and with the <HI>Merc. dulcis</HI> it purges only gently by Stool.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. A Child of two years old, having con|tracted the Pox from its Nur&s;e, was cured by <HI>Merc. dulcis</HI> taken to Eight Grains,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 95.</NOTE> when a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> had been u&s;ed to no purpo&s;e: With the&s;e Eight Grains, there were mixed four of <HI>Diagridium,</HI> and he took it every Fourth Day. &para; <HI>Formius</HI> reports that another Child who was born pox'd, when it was fifteen days old, took two or three Grains of <HI>Merc. dulc.</HI> in Sugar and Milk, continuing it for a Month, by which it was cured. &para; Yet I will not pa&s;s by in &s;ilence, that by its u&s;e the &s;traight Gut &s;ometimes falls down in old Men; for whom, &s;ee|ing they abound in Phlegmatick humours,<NOTE PLACE="marg">I. Rhod. <HI>cent.</HI> 3. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 84. Sam. Clo&s;&s;aeus <HI>apud Hor&s;t. tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 545.</NOTE> per|haps any Mercurials are not &s;o convenient and &s;afe. &para; If Mercury be given for a Purger, it cau&s;es &s;tools that are betwixt a Skie colour and a Green.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. Of Chymical Medicins that purge Phlegm, I commend all tho&s;e prepared of <HI>Mercury</HI> both by <HI>Sublimation</HI> and <HI>Precipitation,</HI> &s;ome where|of u&s;e to be given in a larger, others in a &s;maller Do&s;e. For of the <HI>Sublimates</HI> that which is called <HI>Corro&s;ive</HI> is &s;eldom given to one Grain, but the <HI>Dulcis</HI> may be given even to Thirty: And the Pre|cipitates, the more they are fixed with an acid Spirit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in a long and &s;trong Fire, in the greater quantity may they be taken; but the le&s;s fixed, in the le&s;s. <HI>Mercury Sublimate,</HI> that is called <HI>Corro&s;ive,</HI> differs from the <HI>Dulcis</HI> (or &s;weet) in this, that being very acrimonious and corroding, there is new crude Mercury added to it, with which it is ground, and Sublimed again; in which new Sublimation, by the fre&s;h Mercury that is added to it the <HI>acid Spirit</HI> that was in the former, is infringed, and that &s;o, as that all its acrimony &s;eems to be obliterated, and it is therefore called <HI>dulcis.</HI> Whence it is clear that all that great gnawing Vertue and Acrimony of the corro&s;ive Mercury depends not on the Mercury it &s;elf, but on the acid Spirit that is plentifully con|centrated in it, and is driven upwards and &s;ubli|med with it: For there is not only more Mercury in the &s;weet than in the corro&s;ive; but moreover, not only two or three times, but even thirty times more of the former than the latter, and yet the lat|ter is more &s;afely u&s;ed. Whence al&s;o it appears, that the noxious quality of corro&s;ive &s;ublimate is not to be a&s;cribed to the Mercury it &s;elf, but to the acid Spirit that is concentrated in it in great plenty, and continues in its acrimony; &s;eeing when it is made &s;weet by the addition of new Mer|cury and &s;ubliming it again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe <HI>appen|dic. tract. vi.</HI> &sect;. 210.</NOTE> it then becomes at lea&s;t thirty times a more gentle Medicin. <HI>How to dulcifie Mercury without the addition of fre&s;h Mercury, See</HI> Sylvius <HI>as quoted in the Margent,</HI> &sect;. 215. It is &s;trange that by a new addition of <HI>Mercury</HI> and Sublimation, &s;o great and hurtful, &s;o au&s;tere, bur|ning and gnawing an Acrimony as is in the Corro|&s;ive Sublimate &s;hould be covered and hid, yea corre|cted: For I think there can hardly be found in Nature any au&s;terity that can be compared with that of this. And whereas au&s;tere or &s;our things are generally earthy and of an obtu&s;e ta&s;te, this Mer|cury is withal mo&s;t acrimonious, and con&s;uming almo&s;t all things; which therefore I had rather Phy&s;icians would ab&s;tain from,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem meth. med. lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>5. &sect;. 26.</HI></NOTE> than u&s;e frequent|ly, if they would be very careful of the health of their Patients.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Note that <HI>Merc. dulcis</HI> &s;ublimate given to Sixteen Grains, purges more in a Body that is full of bad humours, than Thirty will do in another that is not &s;o full.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. <HI>prax. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 4. &sect;. 1.</NOTE> In the giving of <HI>Mercury</HI> how|&s;oever prepared we mu&s;t note, 1. That Pills are the mo&s;t convenient form of giving it; namely, le&s;t the Mercury by too long &s;tay in the Mouth &s;hould offend the Palat, cau&s;ing a Flux, and making the Ton&s;ils &s;well, the thinner humours being drawn from every where to the Palat by a certain proper familiarity of Nature. 2. When you go about to incorporate Mercury, think it always advi&s;eable to add a drop or two of the Oil of Sulphur, for this does bridle its malignity, and fa&s;tens its vola|tility that tends upwards, and corrects the Sym|ptoms that it cau&s;eth. 3. Note, that after having taken Mercury, &s;ome Gruel or Broth is to be ta|ken within two hours at the mo&s;t, and &s;ome Meat within half an hour after that, that it may not &s;tay too long in the Stomach. 4. Let it not be given often or much to the Bilious, becau&s;e by purging forth the Serous humour, which is the Bridle of Choler, it may do them harm. 5. Let it be given with Turpentine, or the following Extract of <HI>Coloquintida. Take of</HI> Coloquintida <HI>that has been kept for &s;ome years, (without its inner Husks and Kernels) half a Pound, of pure Scammony four Ounces: Slice them, and draw a tincture from them with unrectified Spirit of Wine: Throwing away the faeces put the tin|ctured</HI> Men&s;truum <HI>in a Cucurbit, and in</HI> Balneo Ma|riae <HI>let the Spirit of Wine be extracted to the con&s;i|&s;tence of Honey or Pills.</HI> &para; <HI>Merc. dulcis</HI> is 1.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem</HI> &sect;. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.</NOTE> Not to be given but in Pills, or in a <HI>Bolus,</HI> never in pouder, becau&s;e it is an Enemy to the Teeth and Gums. 2. Let it be given well prepared, I mean not, over often rectified, but yet choice and well wa&s;ht. 3. It is given in impurities of the Blood, Scab, Pox, Itch and other Ulcers; 4. In &s;erous Di|&s;tempers, as the Drop&s;ie, for all Mercurials make the Serum very fluxile, and hinder its coagulation above all other things, and melt the Phlegm, whence al&s;o <HI>Pilulae Quercetani</HI> de&s;erve Prai&s;e; 5. In fluxes of the Seed, or in a &s;imple and virulent <HI>Go|norrhoea,</HI> for the &s;ame Rea&s;on among&s;t other things, for it breaks and clean&s;eth the Ulcer in the Semi|nal Bladders by which the malady is fed,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedel.</HI> de &s;. m. fac. p. <HI>145.</HI></NOTE> whence al&s;o by its u&s;e the flux thereof &s;eems to be increa|&s;ed. 6. It is good again&s;t Worms of all &s;orts.</P>
<P N="40">XL. <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> is e&s;teemed by &s;ome as a <HI>Panacea</HI> or Univer&s;al remedy, but it is the mo&s;t profitably u&s;ed in the French Pox: Its Do&s;e is from Fifteen Grains to Thirty. It is good to acu|ate it with a little of Scammony prepared, <HI>troch. Alhandal</HI> or &s;ome other purger, that it may not &s;tay long in the Stomach or Body, and rai&s;e a Sa|livation and other dangerous Symptoms that u&s;e to attend Mercury, as I have known it &s;ometimes do. And we may affirm of all Mercurial Medi|cins in General, that it is convenient they &s;hould be exterminated out of the Body as &s;oon as they have performed their Operation: For experience has taught, that when they are retained,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. <HI>E|pi&s;t.</HI> 28. <HI>cent.</HI> 1.</NOTE> they re|turn to their pri&s;tin Nature, and have been the Authors of the wor&s;t Symptoms.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Very many commend <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> won|derfully for evacuating all vitious humours in the Stomach, and all parts of the Body upwards and downwards; and therefore they u&s;e it not only for the French Pox, but al&s;o for the Gout, Drop&s;ie, Agues, Melancholy Madne&s;s, and very many other Di&s;ea&s;es: Yet it is to be u&s;ed warily, as are al&s;o other Mercurial Medicins, and not &s;ave when the Body abounds with many thick humours. But let it not be given in lean, cholerick, and weak
<PB N="794" REF="361"> Bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. <HI>Cent.</HI> 1. Ep. 33.</NOTE> The Do&s;e is from One Grain, to Four or Five. &para; That this Pouder contains no Mercury in it is clear from hence, becau&s;e this being deprived of its Congelative Salts, re&s;umes the former &s;pecies of Quick-&s;ilver, and is all of it collected in the Retort:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI>'s Phar. p. m. <HI>66.</HI></NOTE> This Pouder being too fiercely Vomitive, if it be ground with Sea-&s;alt calcin'd and &s;weetned with often wa&s;hing, becomes far milder, and &s;afe enough.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. Mountebanks give <HI>Mercury Precipitate</HI> without choice, for the long continued pains of the Pox, the Drop&s;ie, Quartan, Hypochondriack Melancholy, and for cold Di&s;ea&s;es of that kind, and that to four or &s;ix Grains, in the Yelk of an Egg, or Mithridate and Treacle: And as &s;oon as any one has taken it, all &s;orts of humours from the whole circuit of the Body bur&s;t forth upwards and downwards, often with &s;o great violence, e&s;pecially if the Body be weak, that the Patients Spirits being exhau&s;ted and his faculties enfeebled, he either dies &s;uddenly, or on the Day he takes it, being without &s;trength, without Pul&s;e, without Voice he lies like one dead. His Mouth is &s;ome|times inflam'd by the contagion, and his Gums contract putrid and very &s;tinking Ulcers, and in the mo&s;t the throat becomes &s;o &s;well'd, that for many days they can &s;wallow nothing at all: Yea, and in &s;ome the Mind is &s;o alienated, that a Fe|ver ari&s;ing,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Palmar.</HI> de morb. contag.</NOTE> they die at length frantick. There|fore let it be rejected out of the Li&s;t of Cathar|ticks as a mo&s;t ready Poi&s;on, and be bani&s;hed by publick Laws.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. <HI>Myrobalans</HI> &s;hould never be mixed with any &s;trong Medicin, becau&s;e tho&s;e violent things &s;taying longer in the Body through the binding Vertue of the Myrobalans, do &s;ometimes bring great harm upon the Body:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. <HI>Cap.</HI> 36. l. 1.</NOTE> Wherefore tho&s;e Me|dicins ought rather to be mixed with others that purge ha&s;tily.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. Some, that think them&s;elves very wi&s;e, order <HI>Myrobalans</HI> to be rubbed with Oil of &s;weet Almonds, whether they be to be reduced to Pou|der, or broken gro&s;ly for Decoctions. But indeed they do ill that chafe tho&s;e Myrobalans with Oil that are de&s;igned for decoction, for the Oil hinders at lea&s;t the Water that is poured upon the Myro|balans from in&s;inuating it &s;elf into them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwelfer. <HI>Pharm. Cla&s;&s;.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and pa&s;&s;ing through their &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. Pills of Aloes, whether tho&s;e of <HI>Frank|fort</HI> or others, that they may operate rightly, ought to be taken in three Do&s;es at three times; namely, the fir&s;t a little before, or a little after a &s;light &s;upper; the &s;econd, the next Morning; the third, the &s;ame day in the evening: Thus as I my &s;elf have experienced, and<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>Tom.</HI> 2. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 12. <HI>l.</HI> 2.</NOTE> <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> witne&s;&s;eth, they mu&s;t needs evacuate plentifully and plea&s;antly, &s;eeing one Do&s;e drives forward another as it were.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer. <HI>Herc. Med.</HI> l. 1. c. 5.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. <HI>Gummi Gotte</HI> is a powerful Hydragogue, le&s;s violent than the root of <HI>E&s;ula</HI> (or Spurge) <HI>Me&s;ereum</HI> and <HI>Elaterium;</HI> it vomits al&s;o. The Do&s;e is from two Grains, to four or &s;ix, though &s;ome imprudently give it to half a &s;cruple. The be&s;t preparation of it is to di&s;&s;olve it in rectified Spirit of Wine, and then by pouring common or Ro&s;e Water upon it, it will be precipitated to the bottom:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 2. c. 9.</NOTE> The Pouder being of a very fine Yellow is called its Magi&s;tery; and it becomes a far more excellent Medicin than when taken crude.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. The chief u&s;e of the Salt of Tartar is in a <HI>loo&s;ning Pti&s;an,</HI> which is made of two Drachms of <HI>Senna</HI> infu&s;ed in eight Ounces of cold Water with a Scruple or half a Scruple of the Salt of Tartar, by which the Tincture of the <HI>Senna</HI> is powerfully extracted;<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>pract.</HI> l. 11. c. 4.</NOTE> &s;o that this Pti&s;an purges far more pow|erfully than the common.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. <HI>A. Spigelius</HI> relates that the u&s;e of the Pouder which <HI>Marcus Cornacchinus</HI> has recommen|ded in a particular Book, was prohibited at <HI>Rome</HI> under pain of being condemned to the Gallies, be|cau&s;e a certain Phy&s;ician had formerly kill'd &s;e|veral with it: But becau&s;e by his own experiments, e&s;pecially in Tertian Agues, he had found it not only an innocent, but al&s;o a very whol&s;om Medi|cin, he thought that hardly any other cau&s;e could be imagin'd, than that that Per&s;on had not pre|pared his <HI>&s;tibium</HI> according to Art: Namely, whil&s;t he would make it a Diaphoretick by the Addition of Nitre, without doubt he unskilfully reduced it into a gla&s;s, whence proceeded tho&s;e gripings and &s;ubver&s;ions of the Stomach, with &s;woonings &s;pring|ing from Convul&s;ion and other lethiferous accidents: But the unhappine&s;s of the Mi&s;takers ought to have derogated nothing from the excellency of the Medicin.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vel&s;chius <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 98.</NOTE> &para; Many preparations have been invented, even in Purgers, particularly in Scam|mony and Jalap, the be&s;t among&s;t which is the Ma|gi&s;tery made with &s;ix, eight or ten pounds of the Spirit of Wine poured upon one Pound of Scam|mony or Jalap, without the Addition of the Spirit of Vitriol or Salt of Tartar, which rather hinder than further the extraction of the Ro&s;m. Indeed the&s;e very Magi&s;teries are almo&s;t the &s;ame with Ex|tracts, &s;ave that &s;eeing they are more globous and plentiful, be&s;ides the extraction which is of the &s;ame Nature with Solution, by pouring even &s;im|ple Water upon them, they are precipitated to the bottom, if &s;o be the Spirit of Wine be very well rectified, for when the &s;ame is &s;ufficiently drawn off they &s;ub&s;ide even of them&s;elves: So that they are the more depurate part of the Purgative, or Alterative it &s;elf, and &s;o choicer and purer than the re&s;t. Hence we may learn what to think of &s;ul|phurated Scammony: for though 'tis to be confe&s;t that the Medicin, for who&s;e &s;ake it was formerly &s;o prepared, <HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>three-headed Cerberus</HI> (of Scam|mony Sulphurated, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum,</HI> and Cream of Tartar, mixed in a different quan|tity at plea&s;ure) is excellent in Fevers and other Di&s;ea&s;es, and that we have always experienced the u&s;e hereof to be &s;afe; yet the &s;ulphurated Scam|mony is it &s;elf far better omitted, and very profita|bly exchanged for its Ro&s;in. Whereof the&s;e are the rea&s;ons; 1. Becau&s;e that which is &s;ought for, is maimed; 2. That which is not de&s;ired, is re|tained. The purgative Vertue is maimed, which con&s;i&s;ts in a Sulphureous Salt: Whence <HI>Helmont</HI> &s;ays truly, That as much of acidity as the Scam|mony receives, &s;o much does it lo&s;e of its Vertue; for every acid is in it &s;elf contrary to purging (though by accident, &s;ome, e&s;pecially the very &s;en&s;ible, are loo&s;en'd even by acids through the acrimony that is joined with them) wherefore here can be &s;aid to be no correction, e&s;pecially &s;eeing the <HI>&s;ordes</HI> or dregs, which was the argument, by this means remain, and are not &s;eparated. For he that has prepared the Ro&s;in of Scammony, has doubtle&s;s ob&s;erved gravel and terrene Bodies, which are not only unprofitable, but rather hurt|ful to Mans Body: Whence we have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved that terrible gripings have been cau&s;ed by the giving of this Medicin <HI>(pulvis Cornacchinus)</HI> for how can the Body &s;ubdue and bear &s;uch He|terogeneous things?<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. <HI>Pharm.</HI> p. 168.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. <HI>Rhubarb</HI> is not found &s;o hot with us, as the <HI>Italians</HI> give it out to be; perhaps the diffe|rence of the climate is the Rea&s;on.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valaeus,</HI> m. m. p. <HI>46.</HI></NOTE> &para; The true and intire Rhubarb indures violent pounding; but that which is &s;pongy and rare, not &s;o: For this latter being very much pounded or ground, lo&s;es its purging faculty through the vehement heat that it contracts by the agitation. Being &s;trong|ly ground it becomes more powerful to bind and incra&s;&s;ate, for by the &s;trong motion the fiery purgative quality exhales,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zacut.</HI> Pharma|cop. c. <HI>1.</HI> de purgant.</NOTE> and the &s;typtick and earthy remains, which is effectual to &s;trengthen. &para; It needs a little correction with Cinamon, where there are ob&s;tructions, that it may the more
<PB N="795" REF="361"> ea&s;ily be di&s;per&s;ed into the Veins: Laven|der Flowers are commonly added; but in tho&s;e that are apt to Vomit, or in Women with Child, or in a febrile heat; we mu&s;t ab&s;tain therefrom. In a &s;qualid Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurn. <HI>meth. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 22.</NOTE> cold and moi&s;t things mu&s;t pre&s;ently be &s;ubjoined to the u&s;e of Rhubarb.</P>
<P><HI>L. Rhubarb</HI> purges, &s;trengthens, and opens ob&s;tru|ctions more in &s;ub&s;tance, than does its dilution; and its a&s;tringent Vertue helps purgation by com|pre&s;&s;ion: Be&s;ides, it retains the purging Vertue longer in the Bowels, whence there is a larger ex|purgation: Wherefore when a &s;mall Purgation is de&s;ired, as in Children, and in &s;uch as are ea&s;ily di&s;&s;ipated, and weak Bodies, u&s;e the dilution (or infu&s;ion) of it: If a &s;tronger, u&s;e it in &s;ub&s;tance, which will evacuate not only Choler, but Phlegm al&s;o. Now you will find no Remedy better for ob&s;tructions of the Liver than the &s;ub&s;tance here|of, made up into Pills, Troches, or taken in Pou|der, or al&s;o chewed and &s;o &s;wallow'd. You may eat thus a Drachm or four Scruples with Rai&s;ins an hour before Dinner, whereby not only is the lax &s;ub&s;tance of the Stomach &s;trengthen'd, but its &s;ides al&s;o deterged,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Augen.</HI> in Epi&s;t.</NOTE> and what&s;oever excrement is in it and the me&s;entery, gently purged out, and the Liver freed from ob&s;tructions.</P>
<P N="51">LI. The purgative Vertue of <HI>Rubarb</HI> is not taken away by toa&s;ting of it; for it is more fixt than to vani&s;h into the Air by a &s;light drying of it by the fire: If we de&s;ire its a&s;tringent Vertue, 'tis bet|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Schroder.</HI> in Phar|mac.</NOTE> after we have thrown away the fir&s;t deco|ction, to boil it again, and &s;o to draw forth that Vertue by a &s;trong &s;queezing.</P>
<P N="52">LII. How fumous Rubarb is, &s;o that it ea&s;ily affects the Head, yea induces a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> is clear from this In&s;tance: I knew a Per&s;on who by the daily u&s;e of crude Rhubarb, whereof he was advi&s;ed to eat and &s;wallow fa&s;ting about a Drachm without more ado, to keep his Belly loo&s;e, that after a while complained of a <HI>Vertigo,</HI> and that incurable, the only and chief cau&s;e of which Malady, the other animal Faculties being intire, I gue&s;s to be the continual u&s;e of Rhubarb for &s;ome years, becau&s;e, as I &s;aid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. <HI>Pauli</HI> Quadr. Botan. p. <HI>455.</HI></NOTE> Rhubarb is very fumous, which is to be a&s;|cribed wholly to its very Volatil Salt and Sulphur.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. That is not to be pa&s;&s;ed by, which <HI>Actu|arius</HI> hath recommended to Memory, yea, it ought to be taken notice of by all Phy&s;icians, <HI>viz.</HI> that <HI>Scammoniats</HI> are not to be mixed with Pottage and Broths, for, &s;ays he, it is found by experience that Scammony cannot be reconciled to the&s;e: Where|fore let Phy&s;icians now a days ob&s;erve, that Scam|moniate Pills are not to be di&s;&s;olved in Broth, and &s;o given to drink, &s;eeing many have died there|upon,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Amat. Lu|&s;it. <HI>Comm. ad Cap.</HI> 171. <HI>l.</HI> 4. Dio&s;cor.</NOTE> as I have &s;een at <HI>Venice,</HI> and at <HI>Ferraria</HI> in <HI>Sam. Abarbanel,</HI> who died upon drinking of Pills &s;o.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. <HI>Scammony</HI> is the &s;oul of purgers, and the be&s;t of all purgers, if &s;o be it be u&s;ed with Judg|ment, becau&s;e it is violent, and yet neither too hot nor too dry.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valaeus.</NOTE> &para; Scammony is be&s;t corrected by the Electuary of the Juice of Ro&s;es, which I u&s;e for the mo&s;t part when there falls out a nece&s;&s;ity of Scam|mony. Let it never be given in Broth, for that is pernicious.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heurnius.</NOTE> &para; Tho&s;e who being &s;truck with a vain and prepo&s;terous fear, are afraid of <HI>Scammony</HI> (and <HI>Scammoniats</HI>) which is a very gentle and &s;afe, though powerful Medicin, and therefore dare not give it to their Patients, let them u&s;e Rhubarb. Scammony is prepared readily and very well, if in a convenient Do&s;e, (<HI>viz.</HI> Twelve or Fifteen Grains, accordingly as one is ea&s;ier or harder to purge) it be pounded in a Mortar and a little of &s;ome convenient Water (as of Balm, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) be poured to it, and the milky Liquor that is drawn from it by pounding, be poured off gently, and the re|maining Vertue be likewi&s;e drawn out by pou|ring on new Water, the black <HI>faeces</HI> remaining in the bottom: Then to the afore&s;aid liquor add two Drachms of Cinamon or Fennel Water, and like|wi&s;e two or three Drachms of the Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;o|lutive, and &s;o there will be made a very grateful draught. Which that it may work the better, it will be good about half an Hour after taking the draught to give the Patient a Scruple or half a Drachm of the Cream of Tartar in Broth. Very grateful Tablets or Lozenges may al&s;o be made and pre|&s;erved for u&s;e: <HI>Take of the Cry&s;talls of Tartar an Ounce and an half, of Diagridium three Drachms, of the Oil of Cinamon &s;ix drops, of White Sugar di&s;&s;olv'd in Ro&s;e-water Eight Ounces, mix them.</HI> The&s;e may very conveniently be given to Children from half a Drachm to a Drachm, to Youths to two Drachms.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. le de Boe Sylv. <HI>Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 2.</NOTE> &para; See the Correction of <HI>Scammony</HI> in <HI>Poterius Pharm. L.</HI> 1. <HI>Sect.</HI> 5. who gives it to a Scruple. <HI>Scammony</HI> is corrected divers ways, 1. In a Quince; and &s;o it is called <HI>Diagridium,</HI> but this preparation cannot be called a true and exqui&s;ite correction of Scammo|ny, &s;eeing the Pulp of the Quince that is added, does only &s;trengthen the Stomach, but not direct|ly weaken the force and violence of the Scammo|ny: And therefore its genuin preparation is this; 2. Being finely poudered &s;pread it thin and equally upon brown Paper prickt full of holes, with Pins, and let the Paper be held over the &s;moak of pou|dered Sulphur:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zwelf.</HI> in Animadv. Pharm. Aug. p. m. <HI>165.</HI></NOTE> Not &s;o as that the Scammony may begin to melt, for then the &s;moak of the Sulphur could not penetrate it; but rather that the Scam|mony may be &s;moaked thereby by a &s;low Fire without liquefaction: The longer this is a doing, the better will you prepare and correct it.</P>
<P N="55">LV. <HI>Senna</HI> is a kindly Medicin, if it be given either in &s;ub&s;tance or infu&s;ion; but not &s;o, if boi|led, for then it u&s;es to gripe. Becau&s;e of the&s;e gripings Ani&s;eeds and other carminative Seeds u&s;e to be added to it, yea, and the &s;talks to be thrown away, &s;eeing Wind and griping are &s;uppo&s;ed to be chiefly cau&s;ed by them. As far as I have been able to ob&s;erve, when a decoction is made of <HI>Sen|na,</HI> its intimate Vertue &s;eems to be drawn forth, which evacuates not only Phlegm whether more or le&s;s glutinous, but al&s;o &s;our and acid, and &s;o the mo&s;t Melancholick humours, to which tho&s;e gripings are owing: Whence to &s;uch as abound with &s;our and acid humours, <HI>Senna</HI> is not &s;o pru|dently given, unle&s;s tho&s;e humours be partly at lea&s;t prepared and temper'd. And hence it is that in &s;ome, <HI>Senna</HI> always cau&s;es gripings, becau&s;e they abound with &s;our and acid humours, which thing happens not in others in whom Phlegmatick hu|mours only abound,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 7.</NOTE> e&s;pecially when the &s;ame are le&s;s glutinous. &para; The famous <HI>de Mayerne</HI> pre&s;cribed Lavender-flowers for correction: But it is found by experience, that the gripings are more certainly prevented by the addition of crude Tartar, its Cream, Cry&s;tals or its &s;alt it &s;elf. Now gripings and <HI>Flatus</HI> are owing to the nature of the humours that are drawn forth by the <HI>Senna,</HI> which are thick, tough and clammy, and have not a free pa&s;&s;age; yea, whil&s;t they part from the part which they clave to, they hale and pull it as I may &s;ay; yea, by the very Carminatives that are added, new <HI>flatus</HI> are rai&s;ed which cau&s;e pain. Further we mu&s;t note, that that is true which <HI>Schroder</HI> &s;ays in his <HI>Pharma|copoeia,</HI> That <HI>Senna</HI> gripes becau&s;e of the more crude and earthy parts &s;queezed out by a &s;trong &s;training of it. A Citizen of <HI>Newenburg</HI> once complained to me, that a purging Potion I had pre&s;crib'd him did not gripe him, though he had plentiful &s;tools, thinking it therefore to be dull and too weak: The next time I had occa&s;ion to purge him, re|membring his Accu&s;ation, I pre&s;crib'd a griping decoction of <HI>Senna,</HI> upon which he &s;ent for me to ea&s;e his gripes: Which being over, I told him that it was the art of a Phy&s;ician to prevent &s;uch gripes, not to rai&s;e them, which afterwards he acknow|ledg'd from his own experience to be in his power. <HI>Platerus</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Tom. <HI>2.</HI> prax. p. <HI>506.</HI></NOTE> &s;ays that <HI>Senna, Agarick,</HI> and <HI>Turbith</HI> being
<PB N="796" REF="362"> infu&s;ed in Wine lo&s;e their griping quality: <HI>Trin|cavella</HI> &s;ays that <HI>Senna</HI> offends the Stomach, and therefore he corrects it with Rai&s;ins that are friend|ly to the Stomach, and with Lykyrrhize to a&s;|&s;wage its drine&s;s. <HI>Claudinus</HI> thinks that <HI>Senna</HI> when it is infu&s;ed in Odoriferous Wine, needs no other Corrective.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. The do&s;e of <HI>Senna</HI> is from one Drachm to two; and of the Powder of <HI>Senna</HI> and the pulp of Prunes there is made a not ungrateful and &s;uf|ficiently &s;afe Electuary, the do&s;e whereof may be greater or le&s;s accordingly as more or le&s;s <HI>Senna</HI> is added. But I cannot a&s;&s;ent to tho&s;e that think that a Scruple of it is enough to impregnate thir|teen, yea twenty ounces of a convenient Liquor (as &s;uppo&s;e &s;ome decoction) with a purgative qua|lity; for experience &s;hews the error of tho&s;e men though never &s;o ob&s;tinate. But on the other hand tho&s;e do as imprudently, who infu&s;e a great deal of <HI>Senna</HI> and Rhubarb in a &s;mall quantity of any Liquor, whereby often, <HI>I</HI> will not &s;ay all their vertue, but not half, nor a fourth part of it can be drawn forth. Thus fools while they &s;hun one extream, run into another.</P>
<P N="57">LVII. I am not of their opinion who think that <HI>Senna</HI> di&s;turbs and weakens the Stomach: for &s;eeing it is dry, and has &s;omething of bitterne&s;s and a&s;triction in it, it is manife&s;t that it profi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the Stomach. And the rea&s;on why the bodies of Wo|men and the Phlegmatick (chiefly) are griped by an infu&s;ion of <HI>Senna,</HI> is to be imputed to the fault of the Phlegmatick humours, and not to the Me|dicin, and &s;ometimes al&s;o it happens through the narrowne&s;s of the ways:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato <HI>con&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>ap.</HI> Scholtz. <HI>&amp; con&s;.</HI> 55.</NOTE> wherefore &s;uch bodies are to be prepared. &para; The rea&s;on why it rai&s;es gri|ping, &s;ome will have to be from the abundance of gla&s;&s;y Phlegm or of an acrimonous mucilage: but tho&s;e &s;eem to think more truly,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Schrod.</HI> pharm. c. proprio.</NOTE> that a&s;cribe it to the more crude and earthy particles of the <HI>Senna</HI> drawn forth by &s;trong &s;training. &para; Hence we ob&s;erve that its extract has no &s;uch effect.</P>
<P N="58"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man.</NOTE>LVIII. In making the <HI>Infu&s;ion of Ro&s;es,</HI> we mu&s;t note that it is never to be made an end of in <HI>May,</HI> and by con&s;equence neither are the <HI>Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive</HI> nor the <HI>Honey</HI> thereof to be made of a new and fre&s;h infu&s;ion, becau&s;e it fir&s;t &s;tays a lit|tle, and afterwards ferments like new Wine: from whence we mu&s;t ob&s;erve that Phy&s;icians are by no means to u&s;e it to make either the Syrup or Honey, till the ebullition be quite cea&s;ed, which it u&s;es to be in <HI>June;</HI> for otherwi&s;e it will be ve|ry apt to gripe,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Dom.</HI> Pa|narol. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 34. <HI>Pentec.</HI> 5.</NOTE> or &s;ometimes it will &s;o irritate Nature as to cau&s;e very plentiful and dangerous dejections, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="59">LIX. <HI>Syrup of the juice of Ro&s;es</HI> made by three Infu&s;ions at lea&s;t and a &s;trong expre&s;&s;ion, is good to le&s;&s;en any Cacochymy, but e&s;pecially the Cho|lerick. <HI>L. Septalius</HI><NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><HI>L.</HI> 3. <HI>ani|madv.</HI> &sect;. 49.</NOTE> thinks that the Syrup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive ought not to be reckoned among&s;t Lenitives, e&s;pecially in Cholerick Natures and Fe|vers: For he has ob&s;erved it, taken either alone or with Whey, to evacuate &s;o great plenty of humours, as the Stomach and Guts could hardly receive, whence he always thought that it moved other regions of the Body be&s;ides the fir&s;t: Many things happen unlookt for: It &s;eems not to me to have done that of it &s;elf: It is &s;ometimes adulterated by Apothecaries, (that will not take the pains to re|peat the infu&s;ion oft enough) with <HI>Diagridium. Rol&s;inccius (in gen. &amp; part. p. m.</HI> 462.) &s;ays in de|fence of <HI>Septalius,</HI> that <HI>the Syrup of Ro&s;es</HI> is an Hy|dragogue Medicin, which is clear by experience, e&s;pecially if given alone: Now &s;uch is the Nature of Hydragogues (or Purgers of <HI>Serum</HI>) that by unlocking the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els there &s;ome|times en&s;ues an immoderate purgation, namely from the Nature of the fluid humour, that having obtained a pa&s;&s;age glides forth of its own accord. Whence a &s;uperpurgation has &s;ometimes happen'd upon the bare giving of Manna. See <HI>Fortis cent.</HI> 4. <HI>con&s;. ult.</HI> 1. <HI>tom.</HI></P>
<P N="60">LX. Some infu&s;e an Hundred and twenty pound of Ro&s;es in Thirty two pound of Water, and adding Twelve pound of Sugar boil it into a Syrup: Which is a making great wa&s;te of the Ro&s;es, for a far le&s;s quantity will &s;erve to make it Purgative. And if any being not &s;o de&s;irous of the Purgative vertue of the Ro&s;es, do rather by repeating &s;o many infu&s;ions as are requi&s;ite to &s;pend &s;o large a quantity of Ro&s;es, endeavour to increa&s;e the cooling vertue, &s;uch an one certainly is much mi&s;taken; for the oftner the Ro&s;es are infu&s;ed, &s;o much the bitterer will the infu&s;ion be, and bitterne&s;s is not the offspring of cold, but of heat, therefore this infu&s;ion will not cool &s;o much. Not to mention, that it has been ob&s;erved more than once, that by giving this Syrup that has been prepared of &s;o frequent infu&s;ions,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwelf. <HI>pharm. cla&s;&s;e</HI> 2.</NOTE> Febrile-heats have not only not been dimini&s;hed and allay|ed, but even encrea&s;ed, and a double Tertian made of a &s;imple one. This happens chiefly from a large exclu&s;ion of the <HI>Serum</HI> (for this Syrup is an Hy|dragogue) which is a bridle to the Choler.</P>
<P N="61">LXI. <HI>Me&s;ue (cap. xi. &s;impl.)</HI> notes that <HI>Violets</HI> cannot endure much boiling, as if he had &s;aid that they are of thin and volatil parts. For this is to be ob&s;erved, that the more fragrant any flowers or fruits are, by &s;o much the apter generally is their fragrancy to vani&s;h, becau&s;e of the great volatility of their Sulphurs and Salts. Nor is there any rea&s;on but this, why the Syrup of Vio|lets made by many infu&s;ions, being given from one Ounce to three, does more irritate the Belly, than the juice given from two Ounces to five, and is far more fragrant than that made of the juice;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>S. Pauli</HI> Quadr. Bo|tan. cla&s;s. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> than which Syrup no Medicin can be devi&s;ed more convenient for the Pleuritical.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. I will admoni&s;h all Practitioners in Phy|&s;ick, that they do not, like the Vulgar, too high|ly commend <HI>Worm-wood-Wine</HI> indifferently to all per&s;ons, but only to tho&s;e who labour, not of a bare <HI>intemperies</HI> of the bowels alone, but in whom the&s;e are full of &s;limy and cold humours. There|fore let us cea&s;e to wonder how it comes to pa&s;s that the greate&s;t part of great drinkers, who guzle freely every day either Wormwood or Burnt|wine, die before their time Con&s;umptive, melting away as it were by degrees. Wherefore let Worm|wood-Wine only gently move the belly, prepar|ed with or without Aloes and Centaury and other Ab&s;tergers: yet you will not upon tryal find the&s;e and the like infu&s;ions made of &s;uch things to be &s;o very &s;afe, e&s;pecially for Old men and in a dry con|&s;titution of body. Take the&s;e elegant rea&s;ons of <HI>Hofman,</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf. <HI>We mu&s;t be much more careful of Cautions</HI> (having &s;poken before of the corrections of Aloes, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de med. offic. c.</HI> 3.) The greate&s;t of the&s;e is (the &s;ame that is delivered by <HI>Galen.</HI> 7. <HI>m. m. XI.</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">. 2.) <HI>Let it not be given to tho&s;e who labour under a bare intemperature without matter; &s;uch need not evacuation, much le&s;s &s;o &s;trong|ly drying a Medicine, and which in&s;tead of evacuation cau&s;es a tabes: on the contrary it is given with great benefit to the cold and moi&s;t.</HI> The <HI>Second</HI> is from the &s;ame fountain, 1. <HI>de &s;anit. tuend. c.</HI> 11. <HI>Give it not to Old men, nor to &s;uch as are dried from any cau&s;e, un|le&s;s in ca&s;e of nece&s;&s;ity:</HI> Which <HI>nece&s;&s;ity,</HI> &s;ays <HI>Heli|daeus,</HI> is, <HI>when humours abound.</HI> To which I object, <HI>That Old men are all of them excrementous? There|fore it is better to u&s;e others, e&s;pecially &s;uch as moi&s;ten;</HI> concerning which con&s;ult <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf. The <HI>Third</HI> is from 3. <HI>aph.</HI> 15. <HI>Let not the u&s;e thereof be too frequent, nor &s;o daily as &s;ome make it:</HI> for tho&s;e are Golden words of <HI>Galen: The evacuation of &s;uper|fluities,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>that is made by purgers, is profita|ble to tho&s;e that need it much, and have done &s;o for &s;ome time; but the evacuation of tho&s;e &s;uperfluities that are generated every day, de&s;erves not &s;o effectual a
<PB N="797" REF="362"> remedy. And if any will u&s;e that evacuation twice a Month, for fear there &s;hould be heaped up a multitude of excrements; be&s;ides that it will do harm, it will al|&s;o bring the Body to an ill cu&s;tom.</HI> Let tho&s;e hear this that u&s;e long decoctions or purging Infu&s;ions for months together: For &s;uppo&s;ing that the Body is throughly Purged thereby, yet the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> are mi&s;erably tormented. And &s;uch as value and have a care of health, will take the&s;e things as &s;poken to them&s;elves: for it often happens that the un|wary <HI>de&s;troy the cau&s;es of Life for Lifes &s;ake,</HI> that is, by the un&s;ea&s;onable and prepo&s;terous u&s;e of Purging and drying Medicins, do imperceptibly ha&s;ten on Old Age: For unle&s;s we grew dry, we might promi&s;e our &s;elves a long Life. It is there|fore a true &s;aying: It is often the be&s;t remedy to u&s;e no remedies, Nature her &s;elf being the be&s;t Phy&s;ician. And indeed tho&s;e are the mo&s;t di&s;ea&s;ed, that are ever and anon depending on the Box and Coffer of the Apothecaries. Who ever &s;aw a Water-man, unle&s;s he were a fool, &s;tuffing his Boat with Pitch and Tow, when it gaped not? Yet we indu&s;triou&s;ly continue to corrupt our Body whil&s;t we are in perfect health, with many Medi|cins, divers Pills, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Whereas we &s;hould not fol|low this cu&s;tom, but for the afore&s;aid weighty rea|&s;ons follow the cour&s;e of skilful Surgeons, who know that in the curing of wounds endeavour is to be u&s;ed that they be not clean&s;ed too much, if we would heal and skin them: for if any do otherwi&s;e, together with the purulent filth he de|terges the thick, clammy, glutinous Blood of the wounds, which is neare&s;t the being con|verted into Fle&s;h, and &s;o the clo&s;ing up of the wound is unwarily hindred. Tho&s;e therefore who by &s;wallowing Pills, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of Aloes, do every or every other day excite the &s;mall Guts above to excretion; or dilute the thick Guts be|low by Cly&s;ters; the&s;e verily through their un|skilfulne&s;s in Anatomy, do by many harms kill many. For &s;eeing the mo&s;t perfect concoction of the natural bowels either cannot be fini&s;hed with|out a previous and decent fermentation, (and fer|mentation is <GAP DESC="foreign"> or windy, or the Chyle by means of it is &s;aid to grow &s;pirituous;) or &s;ee|ing the things to be concocted in the Stomach and Guts by &s;ecretion, are re&s;olved al&s;o either into Spirit or <HI>Flatus,</HI> yea and skilful nature hath for this purpo&s;e annexed to the other Guts an empty &s;ack as it were, called the blind Gut, that it might be a natural receptacle of <HI>Flatus,</HI> as the Gall blad|der is of the Gall; I &s;ay &s;eeing things are thus, a Cly&s;ter is not pre&s;ently required, as &s;oon as the Belly rumbles (which it often does without any trouble) or we perceive our Guts to be moved gently with a motion that is mo&s;t natural to them, but hitherto taken for preternatural <HI>Flatus,</HI> &amp;c. le&s;t (to &s;peak with <HI>Cel&s;us) we con&s;ume in our health the remedies of &s;ickne&s;s.</HI> It is known al&s;o, that Doctors of Anatomy teach us, that be&s;ides the proper (whether coats or) membranes, the Guts are naturally lined al&s;o with a cru&s;ty, fungous and mucous &s;ub&s;tance that the excrements may the more readily be driven down out of the Body being furthered by the &s;lipperine&s;s hereof: Which how profitable it is, we then come to under&s;tand, when after a long loo&s;ne&s;s, wherein this Phlegm has been expelled al&s;o, we come to want the benefit of ex|cretion: Do not tho&s;e therefore offer violence to Nature,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Simon Pauli</HI> Qua|drip. Bo|tan. cla&s;s. <HI>3.</HI> tit. Cen|taur. min.</NOTE> that are daily &s;craping this cru&s;t from off the Guts with Pills and Cly&s;ters?</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. 'Tis &s;trange how apt Wine is to pene|trate by rea&s;on of its volatil Salts, how entirely it often conveys the vertues of vegetables into the <HI>men&s;truum</HI> or Liquor. Hence I remember that D. <HI>Joh. Michael</HI> did gravely advi&s;e, as often as Re&s;inous Bodies were added to any Purging potion, that they were better extracted if a little Wine were added. On the &s;ame account 'tis better to u&s;e Mechoacan in Infu&s;ion than in Pouder:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>I. D. Major</HI> tract de calc. Sper|lingian.</NOTE> and <HI>Schroder (l.</HI> 4. <HI>pharm.</HI> &sect; 448.) declares that the purging Spirit or Infu&s;ion of Scammony, prepared with the Spirit of Malaga-Wine, purges without any trouble or di&s;turbance.</P>
<P N="64">LXIV. Simple <HI>Extracts</HI> are often better than com|pound, e&s;pecially when the compound aim not all at one and the &s;ame &s;cope. Thus the mo&s;t &s;imple <HI>Lau|danum</HI> made of <HI>Opium</HI> alone, is in my opinion to be prefer'd far before all the <HI>Laudanums</HI> that are to be had up and down made with the e&s;&s;ence of <HI>Spec. diambrae,</HI> &amp;c. for the&s;e very things are far bet|ter added for the pre&s;ent u&s;e, according to the in|tention of the thing and the variation of circum|&s;tances. There is the like rea&s;on in the extraction of a ma&s;s for Pills, whence among&s;t other things it chiefly comes to pa&s;s, that Pills made of &s;uch a compound Ma&s;s have commonly &s;o deceitful an effect. The &s;ame holds of mo&s;t other common compo&s;itions, in which the <GAP DESC="foreign"> as to the decent manner of mixture is &s;eldom ob&s;erved. 'Tis better to prepare the things which are to be pre|pared, and then to compound them at plea&s;ure, or rather according to nece&s;&s;ity,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del <HI>pharm. p.</HI> 26.</NOTE> le&s;t being over|whelmed as it were with a hodg-podg of Ingre|dients, we become either doubtful or deceived.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. <HI>Purging extracts</HI> are a more &s;luggi&s;h kind of Medicin: The <HI>Ro&s;in</HI> of <HI>Scammony or Jalap</HI> may indeed be di&s;&s;olved with the Spirit of Wine, and reduced into an E&s;&s;ence, which is a Medicin con|venient enough, but yet a little too hot: But a|mong&s;t Purgers Extracts are of more common u&s;e than E&s;&s;ences. Now that Purging Extracts are more &s;luggi&s;h in Operation, is clear by expe|rience: For though half a Scruple of the Ro&s;in of Jalap, be equal in proportion to two Scruples of Jalap in &s;ub&s;tance, yet it Purges no more than one Scruple of Jalap. Yea Pills made of the Ro|&s;in of Scammony or Jalap alone, have either no effect at all, or el&s;e an unfaithful one; that is, they either purge not at all, or more &s;trongly than they &s;hould. If any ask how this comes to pa&s;s, that there &s;hould not be a &s;tronger effect, &s;eeing Ro&s;ins and Extracts are, and are called the quin|te&s;&s;ence as it were, or at lea&s;t the be&s;t part? The true rea&s;on hereof con&s;i&s;ts in the manner of re&s;o|lution. Scammony, Jalap, and Rhubarb purge &s;trongly in &s;ub&s;tance, in regard the Sulphur is more di&s;per&s;ed, and therefore they are more ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olved, and con&s;equently &s;timulate the Guts to Excretion: And this very re&s;olution of the Me|dicin is chiefly performed by the <HI>Serum,</HI> which as it is the vehicle of Aliments, &s;o al&s;o of Medi|cins. But when the Re&s;inous Sulphureous par|ticles are more united, they are more conglobated and more hardly di&s;&s;olved; yet when they are re&s;olved, which they are in Bodies abounding with Salt humours chiefly, they then more readi|ly di&s;play their Salino-Sulphureous <HI>Stimulus</HI> and communicate it to the Body. Hence Purging Ro|&s;ins are be&s;t given with Emul&s;ions: And like|wi&s;e it is advi&s;eable to mix the extract of Scam|mony or Jalap with a little of the &s;ame in &s;ub|&s;tance, which we commonly do with good &s;uc|ce&s;s. For it is to be noted that be&s;ides the Re|&s;inous, there lurk al&s;o Gummy parts in Jalap, which when precipitation is made come &s;everally into &s;ight by the evaporation of the decanted Li|quor which is not very Purgative. Hence gather what is to be thought of that opinion of <HI>Lavate|rus,</HI> who (<HI>defen&s;. Gal. p.</HI> 72.) &s;ays he has been taught by experience, that the taking of a &s;im|ple Infu&s;ion of Purgers does more than Extracts them&s;elves, becau&s;e he thought that the purging vertue of Medicins inheres more in the Salt than in the Sulphur or Mercury, for the Salt can never be mixed with Spirit of Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> although in time it may draw &s;omething of a tincture from it.</P>
<P N="66"><PB N="798" REF="363">LXVI. Many, imprudently enough, infu&s;e a great deal of <HI>Senna</HI> and Rhubarb in a &s;mall quan|tity of Liquor, whereby all their vertue is &s;o far from being drawn forth, that half or a fourth part of it is not. He therefore that is de&s;irous to know both the quantity of the Liquor, and al&s;o of the Purger to be infu&s;ed in it, 1. Let him have re|gard to the <HI>Liquor it &s;elf,</HI> whether it be pure, or im|bued with the vertue of &s;ome other Purging Medi|cin, that may help or hinder the vertue of that which we are to infu&s;e. 2. Let him con&s;ider whether the <HI>Purger</HI> be &s;trong, and full of a Purgative ver|tue, or more or le&s;s de&s;titute of the &s;ame from any cau&s;e. And &s;eeing the Phy&s;ician cannot know what &s;uch the Purger is which the Apothecary will make u&s;e of, the more prudent Phy&s;icians u&s;e to pre&s;cribe a little the more of the Purger, that if it have not its vertue intire, that want may be made up with u&s;ing the greater quantity of it.</P>
<P N="67">LXVII. But another error is often committed here by Apothecaries, whil&s;t &s;ome infu&s;e the Purger in the pre&s;cribed quantity of Liquor, others in a greater, and either take only a part thereof, or evaporate it too much; yea &s;ometimes &s;train the Purger, and &s;ometimes not: Whence any one may &s;ee, how uncertain the efficacy of &s;uch an Infu&s;ion mu&s;t needs be. In the mean time many Apothecaries think they have Licence to do &s;uch things, whereby yet both the Phy&s;icians and Patients are impo&s;ed upon. Wherefore &s;ee|ing it is impo&s;&s;ible for a Phy&s;ician to di&s;cover the particular cu&s;tom of any Apothecary, which they often conceal, I had rather in my Practice pre|&s;cribe either Electuaries or Pills than Infu&s;ions; &s;eeing Potions al&s;o may be made of Electuaries di&s;&s;olved in a convenient Liquor: And I have ob&s;erved that I have pre&s;cribed Phy&s;ick to my Patients with far greater certainty and &s;afety than others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe <HI>meth. med. lib. II. c.</HI> 7.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Salivaters.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They Operate by opening and widening the pores of the <HI>Fauces,</HI> palate, <HI>&amp;c. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By fu&s;ing, melting and inciding the &s;erous humours. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether &s;alivation by Mercury be an univer&s;al eva|cuation. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salivaters evacuate the conjunct cau&s;e and relieve the neighbouring parts. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are mo&s;t proper when humours are &s;etled in a part. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mercurial Salivation is performed by internals and externals. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what form to be u&s;ed. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To what parts Mercurials are to be applied outward|ly. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They root out rebellious Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Salivation is not therefore to be rejected, becau&s;e it is a dangerous remedy, for it is &s;afe enough, if right|ly admini&s;tred. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sylvius</HI>'s way of rai&s;ing a Salivation. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What diet is fitte&s;t in a Salivation. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WE mu&s;t &s;uppo&s;e, 1. That this evacua|tion is owing to the <HI>Serum,</HI> whether we call it <HI>Lympha,</HI> or <HI>Saliva,</HI> or Spittle, or Phlegm, or by any other name. 2. That the glands are the receptacles of the <HI>Serum,</HI> or its frequent lodg|ings, chanels and &s;tay; and &s;o that it is ordinarily, partly collected by this mean, and partly expelled for the u&s;es of the Body; but that extraordinarily, that is, preternaturally, it &s;tays therein, is too plentifully collected, tends to Coagulation, and cau&s;es a tumour. 3. That in the Lips and <HI>Fauces</HI> there are not only infinite Miliary glands, but al&s;o many longer pores whith gape into the Mouth partly with a Thou&s;and holes, letting out their Liquor, and partly by branches or ducts, truly Lymphatick, but from their &s;pecial u&s;e, or rather name, called Salival, out of which, ac|cording to the quantity of the <HI>Lympha</HI> it &s;elf, or its plenty and abundance, quality, thinne&s;s, flui|dity or coagulation, clammine&s;s or motion, there de&s;tills ever and anon more or le&s;s Liquor into the Mouth, which is de&s;tin'd to proper u&s;es. 4. And &s;o, that the Mouth, or Palate is an indifferent &s;pace for the reception of the Liquor that de&s;tills, and which it di&s;pen&s;es either by &s;wallowing, and then it &s;erves for a <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> to the Meat, or by &s;pitting of it out.</P>
<P>Hence we &s;ay that Salivaters do Operate both <HI>By opening the Floud-gates,</HI> and <HI>by dilating the Pores,</HI> that they may gape the more and let go from them what they retained, &s;uch as are tho&s;e things that Operate partly by motion, partly by heat: Hence if one either roll a little Pebble only under the Tongue, or only move the Tongue it &s;elf to and again, the <HI>Saliva</HI> is drawn more plenti|fully forth, and that with a froth: Hence al&s;o in burning Fevers Cry&s;tal is put into the Mouth for a&s;&s;waging thir&s;t, as it u&s;es by its actual cold|ne&s;s to allay burning and heat, that exhau&s;ts as it were all the dewy humour; which humour the Cry&s;tal being moved up and down in the Mouth draws thither. Likewi&s;e Ma&s;tich is very conve|nient for this purpo&s;e, becau&s;e it both &s;trengthens the glands, and affects the Palate by its grateful odour, and being in round pieces it is very fit for rolling to and again in the Mouth; whence we u&s;e only the granulated Ma&s;tich with the greate&s;t benefit, which draws forth <HI>Saliva</HI> if there be occa&s;ion, to &s;ome Ounces, yea a pound in a few hours: Yea what things &s;oever we chew, the &s;ame do al&s;o promote &s;pitting by their motion, if there be any <HI>Saliva</HI> at hand.</P>
<P N="2">II. Likewi&s;e by <HI>fu&s;ing, melting, and inciding the &s;erous humours,</HI> that &s;tagnate about the <HI>Fauces,</HI> &s;o that they become apter for motion and exit, &s;uch as are hot and &s;ubtil things; whether <HI>Saline,</HI> as Nitre, <HI>Lapis prunellae,</HI> Nitre Antimoniate, and Nitrous things in general: For this may be ob&s;er|ved as a rule, That all Nitrous things, and Salts al&s;o in general, make the <HI>Serum</HI> fluxile; whence the&s;e very things are not &s;o convenient when the <HI>Serum</HI> offends in motion: Or <HI>Sulphureous re&s;inous,</HI> (mixed with Acrimonious Volatil Saline Particles) whether more explicit, or implicit: Whence hi|ther belong Tabaco, ba&s;tard Pellitory, Cubebs, <HI>Lignum &s;.</HI> whether in a dry form, or in a Liquid; Watry, as Decoctions, or Spirituous, as Apo|plectick waters, for in&s;tance, in lo&s;s of Speech, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In like manner <HI>by fu&s;ing and draining the &s;ame</HI> humours in the whole Ma&s;s of Blood, and &s;o in the whole Body, that they may tend towards the Mouth and there find an exit, &s;uch as <HI>in &s;pecie</HI> are <HI>Mercurials</HI> u&s;ed divers ways. Indeed the manner of the Operation of the&s;e is <HI>in general</HI> the &s;ame and wholly falls in with the re&s;t, ina&s;much namely as they render the <HI>Serum</HI> Fluxile, and provoke it to tho&s;e excretories, namely the <HI>Fau|ces:</HI> but <HI>in particular</HI> there are found in Mercury Saline, Acetous and Sulphureous volatil parts, which being received intimately, are actuated by the heat, and acquire a vehicle as it were in the <HI>Serum</HI> or <HI>Lympha,</HI> which therefore they more in|cite to motion, &s;eparate and fu&s;e, &s;o that by a re&s;tle&s;s motion as it were it &s;eeks an exit for it &s;elf, and finds it chiefly in the <HI>Fauces,</HI> as being the mo&s;t Glandulous parts. Hence Mercury pur|ges and promotes a Salivation (which is as it were
<PB N="799" REF="363"> proper, &s;pecifick and peculiar to it &s;elf) while it is volatil, or po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es as yet a fumous Nature, but not &s;o when fixed into a very day Pouder, becau&s;e the heat whether of the Stomach, or even of the external members, if it be daubed upon them (made up into an Ointment) &s;eems to loo&s;en &s;omewhat of its fumous &s;ub&s;tance, which a&s;cend|ing gently, in its pa&s;&s;age provokes and calmly incites to motion the Phlegmatick humours im|pacted in the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> and quietly &s;etled there: And being once made Fluxile, their motion is fur|thered by the heat of the Stomach, Me&s;araick ve&s;&s;els, Liver or other <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> and members, and they are expelled. Nor is this to be wondered at; for &s;eeing by a gentle heat the &s;ame <HI>Proteus</HI> is wil|lingly amalgamated, joyned and coagulated with Metals; why &s;hould it not, when communicated to our vital heat that is far more tender, and when rubbed upon our delicate Fle&s;h, penetrate even to the Bones as it were, and in&s;inuating it &s;elf in at the Pores, &s;hew its efficacy very ma|nife&s;tly?</P>
<P N="3">III. Hence Salivation by Mercury is become &s;o famous, that being turned out as it were from the number of particular evacuators, it is ad|vanced to the rank of univer&s;al; which may be granted &s;o far, as the whole Body by a certain con&s;equence depo&s;its its oozine&s;s in the&s;e quagmires, the Glands, whence it may be called an univer&s;al Apophlegmati&s;m: Yet it is not admitted into this rank &s;ave <HI>&s;ecundum quid</HI> (or in &s;ome re&s;pect) and therefore before the u&s;e and execution of this Salivation it is advi&s;eable to provide for the whole Body according as the ca&s;e is, either by Purgers, or Bleeding, or which is better, by both.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Now Salivaters evacuate the conjunct cau&s;e, and relieve the neighbour-hood; or they are chiefly owing to tho&s;e faults of the Mouth it &s;elf wherein the <HI>Serum</HI> re&s;tagnates and is in|clined to &s;tay, whether in order to be heaped up, or to a &s;light Fluxion: Which thing happens in the tooth-ach; for which purpo&s;e Empiricks are wont to hold artificial Stones betwixt the aking Teeth: whence we may draw a corollary as it were, That Apophlegmati&s;ms and Ma&s;ticatories are very good in the Tooth-ach. Likewi&s;e they are of excellent u&s;e for Scorbutical Gums and &s;welling Glands. So moreover, which is the o|ther member of the Axiom, Salivaters relieve the head chiefly. The former are more gentle, the&s;e &s;tronger.</P>
<P N="5">V. But they are more proper for the &s;tagna|ting and re&s;t of the plentiful <HI>Serum,</HI> than for its extravagant motion and deficiency. Hence they are good in all cold di&s;ea&s;es of the head from a Phlegmatick humour, namely when the Serum coagulates and turns to Phlegm: But if it offend by a thin Acrimony and Fluxility, they are not &s;o proper, e&s;pecially if it be extrava&s;ated. Whence they are not good in a phthi&s;ical di&s;po|&s;ition or in the Hectick, in whom the <HI>Serum</HI> ei|ther fails or is infected: Nor in an <HI>A&s;thma</HI> (but with great caution) nor in &s;pitting of Blood and Salt catarrhs falling down upon the Brea&s;t; nor in the Green-&s;ickne&s;s, and di&s;po&s;ition to Vomit: For as a &s;pontaneous Salivation or &s;pawling pre|ceeds Vomiting; &s;o this artificial one may ea&s;ily affect the Stomach, that when it is at hand it may be deduced into Act.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Salivation by Mercury <HI>(in &s;pecie)</HI> is per|formed by internals and externals, and that ei|ther by one of them alone, or by both together. Mercury alone does all this, and indeed <HI>inwardly,</HI> the <HI>prepared:</HI> the more mild and frequently u&s;ed is <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> to half a Scruple, or fifteen Grains, yea according to &s;ome to a Scruple or half a Drachm, given in a <HI>Bolus</HI> or Pills; but for a more violent and quick Salivation Red Precipi|tate, being freed from its too great acrimony by wa&s;hing it with Ro&s;e-water, in which ca&s;e it u&s;es to work both by Stool and Vomit at once: But <HI>outwardly</HI> this is done by <HI>Crude</HI> Mercury kill'd any way; but Anointing with Mercury is the mo&s;t u&s;ual.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Mercurials, to the end we may Salivate with them, are to be u&s;ed neither in the form of Ma&s;ticatories, nor of &s;uffumigations: But in a Pla&s;ter or Girdle they are more mild. Not in the form of <HI>Ma&s;ticatories,</HI> becau&s;e Mercury is an enemy to the Teeth and Bones; and &s;o though it be a very powerful Ma&s;ticatory, yet it is not &s;afe: Whence though &s;ome make Ma&s;ticatory Pills of a Scruple of <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> with a Drachm of Ma&s;tich and as much Honey as is &s;ufficient, yet it is better not to imitate them. Nor in <HI>Suffumigation,</HI> becau&s;e being re&s;olved into vapour, it becomes more offen&s;ive to the Nerves: &s;ave that for a particular u&s;e, as for Venereal Ulcers in the Yard, Surgeons &s;till u&s;e &s;uch Suffumigati|ons. But Mercury is very freqently u&s;ed in a <HI>Pla&s;ter,</HI> both for re&s;olving and &s;alivating; for Mercury does both; if it operate more mildly, it only re&s;olves; if more &s;trongly, it fu&s;es and cau&s;es a &s;alivation. <HI>Empl. Vigonis</HI> with Mercury is in great u&s;e for this purpo&s;e, increa&s;ing the Mercury to what quantity it plea&s;eth; this is much commended for <HI>Gummata</HI> and tumours of the Glands, and for pain, and it di&s;cu&s;&s;eth other hard nodes. In a <HI>Girdle</HI> it is either le&s;s or more pre|pared: If le&s;s, it is only kill'd with fa&s;ting Spittle and then &s;pread upon &s;ome rough li&s;t of Cloth with &s;ome clammy &s;ub&s;tance (as the white of an Egg) to keep it on; if more, then other things are added, as they are in <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s <HI>cingulus &s;api|entiae,</HI> which is an innocent remedy if rightly u&s;ed.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The external u&s;e of Anointing, is either more univer&s;al, or determinate. Thus &s;ome com|mand to anoint the Neck, Spine of the back, Brea&s;t, Arms, Belly, Thighs, the palms of the Hands, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But it is more advi&s;eable to u&s;e two places chiefly, the nape of the Neck for Pla&s;ters, and the Joints of the extreme parts for Anointings. Hence al&s;o in curing the Itch, &s;ometimes the Wri&s;t, the Arm-holes and Hams are profitably anointed with Mercurials. From which we fur|ther note two things, 1. That the remedies of the Itch and Pox are the &s;ame. 2. That Mercu|rials often do not Salivate, and yet cure the Sym|ptoms.</P>
<P N="9">IX. <HI>Mercury</HI> is a rooter up of the French Pox, and al&s;o of other Rebellious Di&s;ea&s;es: For though it be a &s;afer way to cure the Pox by Sweating, and more dangerous by Salivation; yet if the mala|dy have taken deep root, it requires this latter way to root it out: So that as Noble Remedies are owing to Giant-like Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;o is Salivation owing principally to the Pox, both as to the whole di&s;temper, and as to all its Symptoms as it were, pains, tumours of the Glandules, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But it has place al&s;o in other Di&s;ea&s;es, as Madne&s;s, Falling|&s;ickne&s;s, Gout, &s;eeing it has been found by ex|perience that &s;ome who have catcht the Pox that were before ill of &s;ome of the &s;aid di&s;tempers, have by one Salivation been cured of both. Yet here|by other remedies al&s;o are not excluded; only af|ter having u&s;ed Univer&s;als, Salivation is chiefly to be injoyned with Purging and Sweating. I knew a Gouty per&s;on &s;o well cured by Anointing with Mercury, that he continued well for three Years; and though the Di&s;ea&s;e returned afterwards, yet it was far milder than before.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wedel</HI> de &s;. m. fac. p. <HI>213.</HI></NOTE> &para; Salivation has place in Fevers if they be putrid, benign and intermittent (yet <HI>Fon&s;eca con&s;ult.</HI> 31. <HI>tom.</HI> 2. &s;ays that &s;ome have cured a &s;potted Fever thereby.) Con|tinual Fevers have been ob&s;erved to terminate in health &s;everal times by a critical Salivation. Others have ob&s;erved it to profit in a Quartan.
<PB N="800" REF="364"> We have &s;een a &s;tubborn, refractory. Head-ach cured by a light artificial Salivation. I was of opinion, that a Sympathetick <HI>Vertigo,</HI> cau&s;ed by a con&s;ent with the Hypochondres, that had conti|nued for a long time, returning by intervals, and yielding to no remedies, might be cured by this remedy: And upon tryal the event an&s;wer'd my opinion and de&s;ire. The Mad are cured by this means; the Melancholick di&s;ea&s;e may promi&s;e it &s;elf a cure from hence. I have Cured not one but many of the Falling-&s;ickne&s;s this way: I only mi&s;t twice of my expectation, when the malady was hereditary and deep rooted. The Gout ex|pects help for pre&s;ervation from hence; a &s;tub|born Itch, yea even the more gentle gives place to it: Frequent experience witne&s;&s;eth, that long continuing, yea Ancient Ulcers of the Legs are cured by a prudent Anointing, and even by a light Salivation. The Spontaneous &s;olutions of the &s;aid di&s;ea&s;es have given occa&s;ion to think of &s;uch a remedy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gul. Rol|finc. <HI>m. gener. p.</HI> 510.</NOTE> &para; In fenny <HI>Holland</HI> a Salivation, like a mo&s;t faithful Cri&s;is, does for the mo&s;t part terminate even the mo&s;t violent Fevers, namely the Flox-pox: and &s;ometimes the mo&s;t &s;tubborn di&s;ea&s;es of an ob&s;tructed Spleen, in whom &s;uch Salivation continues &s;ometimes above a month.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulp. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 33. <HI>l.</HI> 3.</NOTE> &para; A young Man born at <HI>Lyons,</HI> (Mon&s;. <HI>Tambar|ras,</HI>) about eighteen years of Age, falling into the Small-Pox at <HI>Geneva,</HI> 1670. happily e&s;caped from them by a plentiful Salivation that continued for eight days.</P>
<P N="10">X. The cure by Salivation &s;eems to offend again&s;t the Laws deliver'd by <HI>A&s;clepiades</HI> and <HI>Ga|len;</HI> for it is neither quick, nor &s;afe, nor plea|&s;ant: Not quick, &s;eeing it continues above twenty days: Not &s;afe, in re&s;pect of the matter and effect; Mercury is a dangerous Medicin, as being poi|&s;onous, as al&s;o the Medicins prepared of it; for Red Precipitate is corro&s;ive: grievous Symptoms follow Salivations in the Mouth and <HI>Fauces,</HI> Ero|&s;ions in the Palate, the Heart &s;uffers Anxieties, there is &s;ometimes &s;o great a Flux of the Belly, that it becomes Bloody, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I an&s;wer, 'Tis grant|ed that here is a failure in the &s;hortne&s;s of the cure, but too great ha&s;te u&s;es to be dangerous: We &s;hould not have more regard to the &s;peedi|ne&s;s of the cure, than to perform it as we &s;hould, without defect. There may a twofold &s;ecurity be a&s;&s;igned, one that is &s;uch &s;imply, and another <HI>&s;ecundum quid</HI> (or in &s;ome re&s;pect.) In the cure of the French-Pox, and other di&s;ea&s;es, an ab&s;olute &s;ecurity is not always to be lookt at, but &s;ome|time &s;uch as is joyned with danger: He that has too great regard to &s;ecurity, fails in the genero|&s;ity of the cure: And it is a very hard thing to find a generous remedy that profits greatly, and does no hurt. I grant that Mercury is a dange|rous remedy in &s;ome re&s;pect, not &s;imply: Many bear witne&s;s that it has been taken in &s;ub&s;tance crude without harm: I deny that all the prepa|rations of it are dangerous, if they be rightly prepared. Suppo&s;e it cau&s;e grievous Symptoms, what then? An inveterate Pox cannot be rooted out with milder things, as <HI>Guaiacum;</HI> the <HI>Fauces,</HI> Palat, Gums, Stomach, Guts &s;uffer, that the whole Body may not peri&s;h, and that other parts, of what kind &s;oever they be, may be ea&s;ed of their burden. Many di&s;ea&s;es become incurable by accident, 1. By the fault of the Patients that will not admit of generous Remedies. 2. By the fault of the Phy&s;itians, that through fearfulne&s;s and unskilfulne&s;s do not pre&s;cribe generous Re|medies. The plea&s;antne&s;s of the cure is &s;ome|times to be le&s;s regarded.</P>
<P N="11">XI. As a &s;pontaneous and critical Salivation often happens to the benefit of the Sick; &s;o it becomes a prudent Phy&s;itian &s;ometimes to at|tempt the like artificial one. I confe&s;s that Sali|vating by Mercury is often undertaken in the cure of the French-Pox; but Salivation ought likewi&s;e to be rai&s;ed in the cure of other ob&s;tinate di&s;ea&s;es, as &s;uppo&s;e of a foul Scab, and in other di&s;ea&s;es that depend on a glutinous and acrimoni|ous humour mixt with the Blood, and intimate|ly received into mo&s;t parts, and which have elu|ded the vertue of vulgar Remedies. Now Mercu|ry is u&s;ed &s;ometimes <HI>crude,</HI> &s;ometimes fir&s;t <HI>&s;ublimed</HI> or <HI>precipitated</HI> with Sulphur into <HI>Cinnabar,</HI> or with acid Salts and Spirits. Crude Mercury being fir&s;t killed with Spittle or by other means is of|ten mixed with &s;ome &s;ort of Grea&s;e, with Butter or Ointments, and then it is anointed outwardly on the Body; whereupon after the Anointings have been repeated for &s;ome days there is rai&s;ed a Sa|livation in &s;ome &s;ooner, in others later. The &s;afe&s;t places to Anoint are the extream parts of the Limbs, the &s;oals of the Feet and palms of the Hand; then the Wri&s;ts and Ankles, next the Hams and Elbows, afterwards the Groins and Arm-pits; la&s;tly the Spine of the Back, e&s;peci|ally about the Loins: <HI>Taking heed that neither the Head nor Brea&s;t be Anointed, &s;eeing it has been ob|&s;erved that Patients have been brought into danger of their lives thereby.</HI> We mu&s;t not Anoint too freely, but mu&s;t take &s;trict notice what changes happen in the Body upon it, whether di&s;turbances of the Belly, or motions of the humours towards the <HI>Fauces</HI> and Mouth. The Patient mu&s;t be kept in a warm Room, and have cloaths enough laid on him, &s;o as his Body may be di&s;po&s;ed to Sweat. For it is profitable that he &s;hould Sweat gently, for hereby all the humours and e&s;pecially the Glutinous and Phlegmatick &s;eem to be di&s;|&s;olved, and made apter to be wrought upon by the Mercury. Phlegmatick humours are thick|ned by cold and made unapt for motion; the contrary is to be expected from warmth. We mu&s;t continue, according to the &s;trength or weak|ne&s;s of the Patient, to Anoint every or every other day, till the Gums begin to &s;well, and the Jaws (or <HI>Fauces</HI>) to ake and burn, and the breath to &s;tink: which is a &s;ign that all things accom|modate them&s;elves to the following Salivation, and that it is at hand. Then we mu&s;t cea&s;e from further Anointing, le&s;t too great a Salivation fol|low and &s;uch as may be apt to &s;trangle the Pati|ent. Some u&s;e <HI>crude Mercury</HI> inwardly al&s;o for the rai&s;ing a Salivation, giving daily &s;ix, eight or ten Granes of it till a Salivation be rai&s;ed by degrees. And then we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from the farther u&s;e of the Mercury, unle&s;s after two, three or four days the Salivation proceed more dully, in which ca&s;e we not only may, but mu&s;t give more Mer|cury. But when it is rai&s;ed high enough, we mu&s;t take heed of u&s;ing any more, for thereby the Glutinous and offending humours might be carried in too great quantity to the Salival Ducts and Glands of the <HI>Fauces,</HI> and the Patient might incur danger of his life through &s;uffocation. Cer|tainly there is need of great di&s;cretion in the u&s;ing of Mercury, &s;eeing by it the Phlegmatick Glutinous humours and others that are mixt with the whole Ma&s;s of Blood, yea di&s;per&s;ed all over the Body, are wonderfully moved, and driven forwards chiefly to the <HI>Fauces.</HI> But then crude Mercury may be killed divers ways, by Spittle, the juice of Citron, or other things; then may be made up into Pills with Agarick, Rhubarb, Aloes, Scammony, Coloquintida and other Pur|gers added to it, and &s;o may be given in a &s;mall Do&s;e every day till the Salivation &s;hew it &s;elf at hand. Where note always that 'tis be&s;t to keep the Patient in a warm Room, yea in Bed, that he may continue in a kind of Sweat, for &s;o the Salivation is facilitated. Salivation is not rai&s;ed only by crude Mercury whether u&s;ed outwardly or inwardly, but by the &s;ame fir&s;t coagulated and prepared divers ways. Among&s;t the various pre|parations
<PB N="801" REF="364"> of it, that is not the wor&s;t, whereby be|ing boiled with Sulphur it is &s;ublimed into <HI>Cin|nabar,</HI> which is u&s;ed by way of <HI>Suffumigation.</HI> Now the fume is received either by the <HI>whole Body,</HI> or only by the <HI>Mouth:</HI> By &s;uch fume penetrating through the Pores of the skin to the inner parts, the humours where&s;oever exi&s;ting, (Phlegmatick, Glutinous and Acrimonious) are di&s;&s;olved by lit|tle and little, and brought to a Flux, and are di|rected by degrees to the Salival glands of the Mouth, upon which a Salivation follows, which is cau&s;ed more happily this way when there are Ulcers in the external parts, which grant a more open pa&s;&s;age to the fume and by it are the &s;ooner cured. Salivation is rai&s;ed by a <HI>particular fume</HI> re|ceived in at the <HI>Mouth</HI> by a funnel: Which way of u&s;ing Mercury I e&s;teem to be the &s;afe&s;t of all, and yet neverthele&s;s very fit for curing di&s;ea&s;es that are not too inveterate, and &s;o very hard to cure. For this way a moderate Salivation is rai&s;ed by degrees without any danger of &s;uffocation; for &s;o much <HI>Saliva</HI> is drained forth at every time, as any Patient &s;eems to be able to endure well. Yea if this way be u&s;ed in Summer or other warm &s;ea&s;on, it permits the Patient to go abroad, &s;o that none but &s;uch as are well skill'd in the matter can take any notice of it: Namely a little Cinnabar (joined with Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, Benzoin, Myrrh, Amber, <HI>Laudanum</HI> and other things) is ca&s;t upon the coals daily or every other day, then &s;etting the wide end of a Funnel upon it, the Smoak is received into your Mouth through the &s;mall, whereby a &s;light Salivation is rai&s;ed; which afterwards is renewed, unle&s;s it continue of its own accord. To rai&s;e a Salivation, as well <HI>Sublimate</HI> as <HI>Precipitate</HI> Mercury is u&s;ed: But &s;uch precipitate mu&s;t be cho&s;en as is lea&s;t fixt; for all Evacuaters prepared of minerals, the <HI>more fixed</HI> they are made by their preparation, the le&s;s do they evacuate the offending humours any way; and the <HI>le&s;s fixed</HI> they are, they evacuate the &s;ame more largely and plentifully, yea and al&s;o more violently. When the &s;ame are <HI>mo&s;t volatil,</HI> they expel the humours more ea&s;ily by Salivation, &s;o they be given in a very &s;mall Do&s;e at one time. And we mu&s;t take heed le&s;t the Phlegm be hur|ried too fa&s;t and in too great quantity to the Salival Glands, &s;eeing there is danger of a Suf|focation from thence, whil&s;t not only the con|glomerate maxillar glands, both upper and lower, are filled and made to &s;well thereby, but al&s;o the whole Glandulous coat of the Mouth, <HI>Fauces</HI> and No&s;trils is then filled with the &s;ame Phlegm, and be|ing di&s;tended produces a dangerous and &s;ometimes deadly &s;traitne&s;s in the <HI>Fauces,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe <HI>meth. med. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 13. <HI>See more there.</HI></NOTE> that choaks Men.</P>
<P N="12">XII. During the Salivation as it is hard to take food that is &s;olid; &s;o if it were taken, it would do harm, and in&s;tead of it 'tis more profitable and fit to u&s;e &s;weet Milk and Broths, as al&s;o Beer warm'd with a Toa&s;t, with the addition of a lit|tle Sugar,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Idem</HI> Ibid.</NOTE> if it like.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Sanguinis mi&s;&s;io,</HI> or Bleeding.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Whether it be convenient in every Di&s;ea&s;e and Fever. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not owing to a <HI>Plethora</HI> only. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not every Cacochymy, yea not the greate&s;t hinders it. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Phlegmatick plenitude does not bear it well. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Melancholick plenitude is better taken away by it. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may cau&s;e an efferve&s;cence of Cholerick humours. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;erous plenitude is not to be le&s;&s;ened by it. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether one mu&s;t Bleed for the corruption of the Blood. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a putrid humour be to be drawn forth by it. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleed not ra&s;hly in a Cacochymy. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is often hurtful to Vomiters of choler. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A frequent and great Pul&s;e does not always argue a <HI>Plethora,</HI> nor a nece&s;&s;ity of a liberal and frequent Bleeding. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What is indicated by the Red colour in the &s;urface of the Blood. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the florid Redne&s;s of the Blood be a token of malignity. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether its different colours do atte&s;t the f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">r hu|mours. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may infer a putrefaction from the colour&punc; <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether whiti&s;h fibres &s;ignifie the Blood to be Phleg|matick. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Mucus</HI> that &s;wims a top is not always to be had for an excrementitious Phlegm. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This <HI>Mucus</HI> will not appear if the Blood flow out in too &s;mall a &s;tream, or follow the arm. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Blood is de&s;titute of <HI>Serum,</HI> it is not always a &s;ign of adu&s;tion. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether that part of the Blood which is next the bot|tom of the Porringer be Melancholick becau&s;e of its blackne&s;s. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding for <HI>Revul&s;ion</HI> mu&s;t be plentiful. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When we bleed for Revul&s;ion in what ca&s;es we mu&s;t let forth the Blood all at once, and in what at &s;eve|ral times, <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A pre&s;ent Di&s;ea&s;e requires a Vein to be opened as near the part affected as may be; but an imminent one, in a part that is very di&s;tant. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why Bleeding on the &s;ame &s;ide with the part offended is more beneficial. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The circulation of the Blood being hindred, is re&s;to|red by the help of Bleeding. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It bridles a turgency of the humours better than pur|ging. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One may Bleed for Revul&s;ion either in or out of the paroxy&s;m&punc; <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may Bleed when Critical evacuations appear, <HI>viz. Exanthemata, Parotides, Bubo's,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it amends the cra&s;is and temperature of the Blood. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the concoction of the humours be to be tarried for. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether fa&s;ting can &s;upply the place of Bleeding. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the weakne&s;s of the Spirits be to be argued from a weak pul&s;e. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Weakne&s;s does not always hinder Bleeding. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding may have place in a Flux of the Belly, or in a wa&s;ted lean Bodies. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Symptomatical evacuation does not always forbid it. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor pain always. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It does not recal the Blood to the center. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether a Vein be to be opened in every Flux. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vein may be opened in the refrigerated. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding is dangerous for malignant di&s;ea&s;es in cold climates. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Being u&s;ed un&s;ea&s;onably it cau&s;es a Fever. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it be to be repeated, whether more is to be let out the &s;econd than the fir&s;t time. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the mea&s;ure of a ju&s;t <HI>quantity</HI> be to be judg|ed of by the colour of the Blood. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mea&s;ure of the ju&s;t quantity. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may let Blood till the Patient faint a|way. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The nece&s;&s;ity of a moderate Bleeding. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis deceitful to gue&s;s at the &s;trength of a Mans facul|ties by his habit. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To Bleed over frequently and largely is hurtful. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To Bleed too &s;paringly is hurtful in &s;ome ca&s;es. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t refrain Bleeding becau&s;e of too much Venery, See tit. <HI>Salacity.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Old men</HI> may be Bled. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="802" REF="365">
<ITEM>Bleeding is beneficial to Children in an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e mu&s;t omit it to whom it is hurtful by Idiocra&s;ie. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Country</HI> or Climate moderates the quantity. <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether an indication be to be taken from the cu&s;tom. <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it have place in the <HI>&s;tate</HI> and <HI>vigor</HI> of a di|&s;ea&s;e. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether in the declen&s;ion. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the &s;trength is feeble, whether we may bleed in the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether bleeding be to be repeated in the progre&s;s. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether lawful, when the Terms break forth in the cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether it be convenient when the Terms actually flow. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Often bleeding is hurtful, if there be a great caco|chymy in the fir&s;t ways in the branches of the <HI>Por|ta. LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where the &s;trength is feeble, the le&s;&s;er Veins are to be opened. <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is &s;afer to let Blood &s;everal times, than all at once. <HI>LXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nature does not always expel the corrupt Blood fir&s;t. <HI>LXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We ought not to fa&s;t after bleeding. <HI>LXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When fainting away u&s;es to happen upon bleeding, how it may be prevented. <HI>LXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether <HI>purging</HI> can &s;upply its place. <HI>LXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When there is nece&s;&s;ity for both, whether we mu&s;t begin with. <HI>LXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When bleeding is to precede purging. <HI>LXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Lenitive or Cly&s;ter is not always to be given before bleeding. <HI>LXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Blood flow out at the No&s;e, we mu&s;t not pre&s;ently con|clude upon a nece&s;&s;ity of bleeding. <HI>LXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The A&s;pect of the Planets does not govern it. <HI>LXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may let Blood at any hour. <HI>LXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If we have lately eaten, it ought to be deferr'd. <HI>LXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let not the Orifice be too narrow. <HI>LXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding by a large Orifi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e cools more than by a &s;trait. <HI>LXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vein is not to be opened near a valve. <HI>LXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor near an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is</HI> with an Artery. <HI>LXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When a Vein lies hid, how it may be made to appear. <HI>LXXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the fir&s;t time that ever a Man is let Blood have any Prerogative. <HI>LXXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether any thing be to be eaten before bleeding. <HI>LXXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How long we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Victuals after it. <HI>LXXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We may drink pre&s;ently after bleeding. <HI>LXXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And al&s;o &s;leep. <HI>LXXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Decoction of Mint being u&s;ed to hold the Feet in when one was to be bled in the <HI>Saphoena,</HI> hindred the Blood from i&s;&s;uing forth. <HI>LXXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let the Phy&s;ician be pre&s;ent when Women with Child or Children are bled. <HI>LXXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to cure a Nerve or Tendon prickt by chance. <HI>LXXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How to &s;tanch a too great flux of Blood from the ap|plying of Leeches. <HI>LXXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis profitable in many di&s;ea&s;es to cut Veins quite in &s;un|der. <HI>XC.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the Orifice is too &s;trait, how it may be widened. <HI>XCI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How a Vein that lies deep may be di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a Nerve, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by the touch. <HI>XCII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Choice of Veins in the <HI>Arm</HI> is unprofitable. <HI>XCIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>forehead</HI> Vein is not to be opened when the Body is foul. <HI>XCIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the opening of the <HI>Hemorrhoidal</HI> Veins &s;ee before under the Title of the <HI>Hemorrhoids.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>I&s;chiadick</HI> Vein is to be opened warily. <HI>XCV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The benefit of opening the <HI>Jugulars. XCVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is no danger in opening of them. <HI>XCVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The profitablene&s;s of opening the External <HI>Mammary. XCVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether the Veins of the <HI>No&s;e</HI> are to be opened. <HI>XCIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of them by Leeches is dangerous. <HI>C.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what Art the <HI>Vena poplitaea</HI> may be found. <HI>CI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Veins under the Tongue, called <HI>Raninae,</HI> are to be warily opened. <HI>CII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of the <HI>Salvatella</HI> is not &s;uper&s;titious. <HI>CIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Why it is profitable in di&s;ea&s;es of the Liver. <HI>CIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of the Vein that runs between the forefin|ger and thumb. <HI>CV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The opening of that which runs betwixt the Corners of the Eyes. <HI>CVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Leeches be applied to any part, let not their num|ber be too few. <HI>CVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. WHether is it convenient on any account to let Blood in every Di&s;ea&s;e and Fever? Many are the benefits of Blood-letting, for which it is cele|brated in every Fever, and fitting di&s;ea&s;e. Some open a Vein for this rea&s;on, that part of the ali|ment may be withdrawn; for then Nature is more at lei&s;ure to turn her &s;elf to the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;etting upon the concoction of the Morbifick cau&s;e, in a &s;hort time conquers it: On this account fa&s;ting, and thinne&s;s of diet are &s;o much commended. Blood is al&s;o profitably let for opening ob&s;tructions and hindring putrefaction (9. <HI>meth.</HI> 4.) Yet di&s;tin|gui&s;h the cau&s;e of Ob&s;truction; for if plenty of Blood cau&s;e it, bleeding is profitable; but if the quality of the humours, the u&s;e of attenuaters is beneficial. It is al&s;o profitable in long continued ob&s;tructions of the Liver from a matter that is thick, vi&s;cid and hard to move, becau&s;e bleeding does agitate the humours, &s;o that tho&s;e which are &s;tufft up in the Liver receive a motion, and more readily obey a purger. And though attenuation be performed by Aperients, the&s;e when they are too hot, heat violently: Wherefore that we may pro|cure that motion to any humour that is nece&s;&s;ary for the purging it off, it is better to u&s;e Bleeding than too hot Medicins. Blood is often let al&s;o for tryal, in which ca&s;e a little only is drawn forth, that we may di&s;cover by it what humour offends, in order to purge it off. Thus in a Quartan Ague it is u&s;ually black and Thick; for if it be thin and of a bright Yellow in a Quartan, or in Melan|choly, we mu&s;t &s;top it pre&s;ently. Bleeding cools al&s;o, becau&s;e it draws forth an hot &s;ub&s;tance. Therefore there are &s;everal benefits from bleeding in every di&s;ea&s;e, &s;o that there hardly &s;eems to be any, wherein its u&s;e is not to be admitted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacur. <HI>pr. h.</HI> p. 57<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> if not upon the account that it evacuates, yet becau&s;e it diverts, cools, opens ob&s;tructions, minorates, moves, or &s;ubtracts aliment, or for tryal as afore&s;aid.</P>
<P N="2">II. Becau&s;e Vene&s;ection is u&s;ed for evacuating Blood, and Blood is profitable to Nature; it will behove us rightly to admini&s;ter it, &s;o as that it may let out what is unprofitable to Nature. Now Blood becomes unprofitable to Nature <HI>two</HI> ways; <HI>either</HI> when it does not exactly keep its proper quality, nor can nouri&s;h any longer as it did be|fore when it was profitable; <HI>or</HI> when it hath &s;o increa&s;ed in quantity, as either to oppre&s;s the facul|ties, or to di&s;tend, or bur&s;t, or ob&s;truct the Veins and Arteries. And in the&s;e truly bleeding is profi|table, as one of the evacuating remedies: in others, ina&s;much as it calls back the too vehement <HI>impe|tus</HI> of the humours to a contrary or different part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. 9. <HI>meth.</HI> c. 11.</NOTE> or derives it &s;ideways. &para; If matter either be wan|ting, or be intire, bleeding is improper; but if it either offend in its quantity, or be corrupted, it is helped no way better. Likewi&s;e di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> re&s;olution, &s;tiffne&s;s and di&s;tention of the Nerves; la&s;tly, what&s;oever does &s;trangle the Throat with difficulty of breathing, or &s;uddenly
<PB N="803" REF="365"> &s;uppre&s;&s;es our Voice, calls for bleeding. So does any intolerable pain, and when any thing is bro|ken or brui&s;ed within from what&s;oever cau&s;e. In like manner an ill habit of Body, and all acute di&s;ea&s;es, that hurt not through weakne&s;s, but oppre&s;|&s;ion. Yet it may &s;o happen that the Di&s;ea&s;e may indeed require it, and the Body &s;eem not to be able to bear it. But yet if there appear no other re|medy, and the &s;ick Per&s;on be ready to die, unle&s;s he be relieved &s;ome ra&s;h way; in this ca&s;e a pru|dent Phy&s;ician will &s;hew how little hope there is without bleeding, and withal confe&s;s what great hazard there is in it al&s;o; and then at la&s;t, if re|quired, to let Blood: For it is better to try a doubtful remedy than none. And that ought chiefly to be done when there is a re&s;olution of the Nerves, when one is &s;uddenly &s;truck dumb, when one is &s;trangled with a Quinzey, when the la&s;t fit of an Ague almo&s;t kill'd the Patient, and 'tis like the next will be as bad,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cel&s;us, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 10.</NOTE> and his &s;trength &s;eems unable to &s;u&s;tain the a&s;&s;ault thereof.</P>
<P N="3">III. When the Blood that comes forth is greatly corrupted, 'tis a &s;ign there is great want of good Blood: Which greatly moves our common and unlearned Phy&s;icians, and invites them to let Blood again and again more largely and profu&s;ely; but makes the skilful more wary, becau&s;e &s;uch as la|bour under &s;o great a <HI>cacochymy</HI> being once debili|tated, have not where-withal to be recruited; and in the mean time they are nouri&s;hed by their own Blood though bad. Being left to them&s;elves the&s;e latter are again&s;t bleeding in &s;uch a ca&s;e; and if they be over per&s;uaded to it,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;.</HI> meth. med. l. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> they will advi&s;e to do it &s;paringly.</P>
<P>&para; Yet we &s;ometimes ob&s;erve that bleeding does good in an intire and compleat cacochymy: But then it mu&s;t be moderate; and let it be performed by little and little at a time, repeating it often: And in the intervals u&s;e altering and &s;trengthning Medi|cins, and meats of ea&s;ie dige&s;tion, as we know <HI>Galen</HI> did. I knew one that was Phy&s;ician to the King of <HI>France</HI> change his own ill habit of Body thus, letting him&s;elf Blood Fifteen or Twenty times in a Year.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus, <HI>m. m.</HI> p. 72.</NOTE> &para; Though in bleeding when there is &s;uch a cacochymy of the Veins, all the hu|mours i&s;&s;ue forth equally, and there remain one and the &s;ame proportion of the humours; yet be|cau&s;e when part of the load wherewith Nature was burthened is with-drawn, the faculties become never the weaker, but rather more brisk, they better bear that which remains, and more ea&s;ily tame and con&s;ume it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernel. <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE></P>
<P>&para; I deny not but many Di&s;ea&s;es that &s;pring from a <HI>cacochymy</HI> are happily cured by <HI>Bleeding,</HI> that is, as I interpret, that it is u&s;ed with profit among&s;t other Medical remedies. For part of the vitious humours are with-drawn by it, and &s;o Na|ture is ea&s;ed of part of her Burthen, &s;o that after|wards &s;he corrects more ea&s;ily what is capable of correction, and being helped by a purging Medicin more readily expells what is fit for excretion. Now this emolument is then to be expected from Vene|&s;ection, when either the cacochymy abounds chiefly in the outer Veins, or is equally diffu&s;ed through all: For if it be in the inner, as being remote and larger, you &s;hall indeed take nothing away from the cacochymy by opening a Vein, but &s;hall how|ever deprive Nature of her more laudable Blood: Which thing whether it will turn to the advan|tage of the Patient, any one under&s;tands. More|over, if a Cacochymy as &s;uch does of it &s;elf indi|cate Vene&s;ection, then it &s;hall be admini&s;tred in all di&s;ea&s;es that &s;pring from a cacochymy: But do you open a Vein in a bilious cacochymy, and what di&s;turbance you will rai&s;e, the event will teach you &s;ufficiently. If you order the &s;ame in a Phleg|matick cacochymy, you &s;hall thereby increa&s;e it the more, and &s;hall precipitate the Body into a cachexy, and from that into a Drop&s;ie. The rea|&s;on why bleeding is u&s;eful for the Mad, is becau&s;e their fervid Blood is partly cooled by it, and partly hindered from ru&s;hing &s;o impetuou&s;ly into the Head. To undertake by repeated Vene&s;ection on|ly; to bring forth tho&s;e vitious humours that can|not be taken away by Purgers, I think to be full of danger: For in my opinion the Blood may be &s;afelier defecated or clarified by diureticks and hy|droticks. &para; As to bleeding in a c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cochymy,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M.</HI> Do|ring. <HI>Ep.</HI> 80. <HI>Cent.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> I for my part do not defend it: Only this I would ad|moni&s;h you of (of which you are not ignorant) that Nature often u&s;es to drive forth Vitious hu|mours to the external Veins, whence by opening a Vein in Fevers a good part of the cacochymy is often happily taken away: As al&s;o of that which <HI>F. Platerus (Tr.</HI> 1. <HI>Pract. P.</HI> 143.) alledges, that in the Mad and Melancholick a cacochymy has of|ten been taken away by repeated Vene&s;ection.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennert. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 85.</NOTE> &para; I add, 'pray let you and me con&s;ider, Whether Practitioners oftner open a Vein in the cacochy|mical or Plethorical? I think that of ten which are Bled, you &s;hall hardly find One Plethorick for Nine cacochymical: And yet the&s;e things are done daily, and that by the advice of Phy&s;icians, and not always with bad &s;ucce&s;s. The rea&s;on whereof I think to be this: Nature being &s;olicitous for Man's health, always takes care to expel from the Royal way of the Body (or Vitals) what&s;oever vi|tious humours there are, either to the fir&s;t ways (or guts) or to the Superficies of the Body, and &s;o to keep the Noble <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> &s;afe: Hence from the ex|pul&s;ion of vitious humours there ari&s;e Scabs and Infi|nite kinds of Tumors &amp; Tubercles. But before the Matter bur&s;ts forth in the Surface of the Body, it abides in the Veins of the Limbs: Whence when we open a Vein, often hardly the fourth part of that which comes forth, de&s;erves the Name of Blood. Therefore &s;eems it not more advi&s;eable by opening a Vein to evacuate the cacochymy out of the Veins in the Limbs, whither it is driven forth by Nature, than by purging to recall it into the inner parts of the Body again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Epi&s;t. <HI>92.</HI></NOTE> and to defile or taint the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> if it be not all of it evacuated?</P>
<P>&para; All Phy&s;icians agree that a <HI>Plethora</HI> or Pleni|tude is an exce&s;s of &s;incere Blood, that is, of &s;uch as is fit for the nouri&s;hment of the Body; and that a <HI>cacochymy</HI> is a redundance of Vitious humours, and that purging is a convenient way to expel and bring forth a vitious humour lodged in the Body: But mo&s;t Phy&s;icians affirm, more importunely than truly, that a vitious humour is not to be drawn forth by &s;uch a kind of Purgation as Blee|ding, but by purging by &s;tool, by vomiting, by &s;weating, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> yea, they &s;ay, that by the&s;e means, only that which is vitious and unprofitable to the Body is expelled, but by bleeding that al&s;o which is profitable is drawn forth, Nature, namely, not &s;e|parating hereby the unprofitable from the profita|ble, but &s;uffering what&s;oever is contained in the Veins to flow out indifferently, as well the good as the bad, whence there is more harm than benefit. But if a cacochymy be di&s;tributed through the whole Body, as all are of Opinion, 'tis certain, that 'tis partly contained al&s;o in the Veins of the whole Bo|dy. And I pray, by what Art, or what kind of Purging can the vitious Blood that is in the Limbs, be purged off? 'Tis weak to think it can be done by &s;tool; and more fooli&s;h to believe it can be done by vomit, or coughing, or by Urine, though all the&s;e are &s;ometimes profitable in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Limbs, but that only by accident, namely, becau&s;e there|by is taken away &s;ome part of the humour that might feed and increa&s;e the cacochymy, and con&s;e|quently the &s;aid Di&s;ea&s;es. For there is no retreat granted to the humours from the Limbs to the &s;aid Emi&s;&s;aries, except in deadly evacuations, as in a vehement <HI>diabetes</HI> almo&s;t all the <HI>Serum,</HI> and in a great loo&s;ne&s;s all the humour of the Body almo&s;t may be poured forth. Therefore &s;eeing a cacochy|my
<PB N="804" REF="366"> my lodges not in one part only of the Body, but po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es almo&s;t all of it, it is to be evacuated out of its various parts, namely out of the Veins what is contained in them; that which lies next under the skin, by &s;carifying, or &s;weating, or in|&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration; by Stool, what is &s;eated in the Bowels and thereabouts; by Vomit, what is contained in the Stomach; by Urine, what in the Kidneys; by blowing the No&s;e or Coughing, what burthens the Head or Lungs; and in a word, from every part is its proper burthen to be unloaded, or however from that which is next to the part af|fected, or is mo&s;t fit.</P>
<P>Therefore in a <HI>Cachexy,</HI> that is, an ill habit of the whole Body, purgation is indeed nece&s;&s;ary, but not only that which is done by Catharticks, but rather that which we attempt by Bleeding: For that the Blood may be purged by opening a Vein, the effect it &s;elf teacheth, &s;eeing we ob|&s;erve that thereby many cachectick per&s;ons have been re&s;tored to a good habit of Body from a very bad one, and have been continued therein for many Years. None was ever &s;een to abound with a greater and more &s;tubborn <HI>Colluvies</HI> of hu|mours than my Brother, who was freed beyond hope from a very grievous Pal&s;ie, and a Convul&s;i|on of another part, twenty four years ago; and pre&s;ently after being &s;ei&s;ed on by a Malignant &s;cab, from which he could be freed neither by Purgings, nor Baths, nor Anointings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> he was not on|ly cured of his Scab by Bleeding often repeated again&s;t the advice of his Phy&s;icians, but brought to a better habit of Body than he had before. I my &s;elf al&s;o being &s;o cachectick from a Quartan Ague, that I was not a little afraid of a Drop&s;ie, was re&s;tored by no other remedy (though I fir&s;t tryed to do it by Purgings, Apozems and Diet) but by repeated Bleeding. My &s;ervant <HI>Henry</HI> e&s;|caped from a pe&s;tilential Fever by being thrice let Blood by my direction; but a languid, &s;weat|ing Fever remaining, which &s;eemed to tend to a <HI>Leucophlegmatia,</HI> I let him Blood four times, taking a pound each time, whereby he was recovered in about twenty days, and is now in good health, and Married. There was &s;o great a <HI>Colluvies</HI> in his Blood as I never &s;aw before, for in one (me|dical) pound there were at lea&s;t ten ounces of <HI>Se|rum,</HI> and more than an ounce and half of thick and very tough Phlegm &s;wimming a top, and a|bout half an ounce of very black and corrupt Blood &s;ub&s;iding.</P>
<P>I have handled &s;everal in like manner, to whom many Phy&s;icians thought that Bleeding would by no means be beneficial, but Purging, according to the common opinion that purging is owing to a Ca|cochymy, which opinion were true, if they ad|ded not, [and not Bleeding.] Yet from the In|&s;tances alledged I would not have it inferr'd, that all Bodies that are Cachectick and of impure Blood, are to be &s;o treated; for the impurity of the hu|mours that re&s;ide in the Inte&s;tins, ought by no means to be comprehended under the name of a Cachexy. But as I would not that the&s;e exam|ples and others &s;hould be e&s;teemed as Laws; &s;o neither is it fitting that they &s;hould be rejected as unprofitable, and e&s;tranged from art; e&s;peci|ally &s;eeing all art proceeds from experiments, and univer&s;als them&s;elves are derived from particu|lars. Wherefore if this opinion of mine, that is &s;aid to be repugnant to <HI>Galen,</HI> be to be received, it ought to be confirmed and &s;trengthened by the chief. Authors of art, by <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf, <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> and others of any note. In what I pray does <HI>Galen</HI> &s;eem to contend more again&s;t <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratus,</HI> than in &s;hewing his evil mi&s;take that Bleeding was profitable only in a <HI>Plethora?</HI> He him&s;elf u&s;ed this remedy in his practice; for 9. <HI>m.m. c.</HI> 5. &amp; <HI>l.</HI> 11. <HI>c.</HI> 15. he bids us cure all putrid Fevers by Bleed|ing, and if they be continual, as the <HI>Synochus pu|trida,</HI> he bids us Bleed freely. Now it were fooli&s;h to think that in the&s;e a <HI>Plethora</HI> only of|fended. And when he &s;aid that Blood might be let even in tho&s;e putrid Fevers both on the &s;e|venth day and twentieth, and later if other in|dications were an&s;werable, did he think that the&s;e Bodies were Plethorick? Moreover did he think that Woman Plethorick, of whom he &s;peaks, 6 <HI>Epid. comm.</HI> 3. that was &s;pent and wa&s;ted by a long Di&s;ea&s;e? And yet he &s;ays he let her Blood thrice, three days one after another, and gave her no Purgers. He hath confirmed the &s;ame by pre|cepts; for <HI>XI. m. m. c.</HI> 5. &s;ays he, <HI>If in an hot and dry con&s;titution, with the offending of &s;ome humour, there be rai&s;ed a Fever through many thick and glu|tinous humours, Blood is to be let, that the offending humour may the more ea&s;ily tran&s;pire.</HI> Further, <HI>If the Body be &s;traitned, and the little pa&s;&s;ages conden&s;ed, and withal there be many and clammy humours lurking, in &s;uch a complication of cau&s;es as this, it is convenient to be|gin with Bleeding.</HI> And 9 <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 10. he &s;ays that, <HI>a large evacuation of Blood is dangerous if it be made altogether, the faculties being weak, with a corruption of humours, wherein,</HI> he &s;ays, <HI>when the in|dications are &s;o cro&s;s to one another, we mu&s;t evacu|ate by little and little what is vitious, and by degrees al&s;o fill up its room with that which is whol&s;ome.</HI> Which form of cure <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> de&s;cribes accurately thus (<HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 22.) <HI>If there be a bad habit of Body, which the Greeks call a Cachexy, we mu&s;t fir&s;t u&s;e a &s;pare diet, then Purge; and if other things do no good, we mu&s;t Bleed, but by little and little and daily.</HI> And in the chapter <HI>of Blood-letting</HI> he affirms al&s;o, <HI>that it is profitable in a bad habit of Body;</HI> and he &s;ays, <HI>In an abundance of Blood, or in the corruption of it, the &s;ick can be re|lieved by no remedy better than by Bleeding, yea by Bleeding till the Blood come out pure.</HI> Now let us hear <HI>Rha&s;is: If Melancholy,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>be accompanied with a pain and inflation of the Belly, and the colour of the Body be vitiated, if there be a bad concoction, vomiting, acid belchings and plenty of flatuo&s;ities, we &s;hall begin the cure by opening the Axillar Vein, or the Vein by the little finger in the left hand.</HI> A Ca|cochymical Body cannot be de&s;cribed more clear|ly. Who will not call Splenetick per&s;ons incli|ning to a Drop&s;ie, Cacochymical? yet <HI>Hippo|crates lib. de affect. num.</HI> 21. &s;ays that the Splene|tick Vein is often to be opened in &s;uch. There|fore <HI>Galen</HI> did not do well to conceal Bleeding when he propounded the remedies of a Cacochy|my, e&s;pecially &s;eeing you will hardly find any chronical di&s;ea&s;e, though very &s;mall, or any acute or new one that is great, without a Cacochymy. For &s;ick bodies when they have occa&s;ion to be Phy&s;ick'd abound with vitious excrements. Add, that almo&s;t all the bodies wherein <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commands Bleeding, are to be e&s;teemed Caco|chymical not Plethorick, as may be known by the in&s;tances. If the Blood therefore be unpro|fitable, as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays 9. <HI>m. m.</HI> 11. when it keeps not its proper quality exactly, nor can any lon|ger nouri&s;h the Body as it did before, Bleeding is not only not to be contemned in a Cacochymy, but to be greatly commended. But yet it is &s;o to be divided, that by often repeating the &s;ame (as <HI>Ga|len</HI> and <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> teach) that which is corrupted in the Veins may be drawn forth the greate&s;t part of it without injuring the faculties; I &s;ay the greate&s;t part, becau&s;e it is neither convenient, nor po&s;&s;ible to art to take away all: But the re|&s;idue, as <HI>Galen</HI> often &s;ays,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Leon Bo|tallus</HI> lib. de curat. per &s;. m. cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> does tran&s;pire the more ea&s;ily, or is expelled by the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of Nature.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Why are we &s;o much again&s;t Bleeding in a <HI>Phlegmatick plenitude,</HI> if the Phlegm by further elaboration being turned into Blood do &s;trengthen the faculties, and &s;upply the want of Blood? This happens on divers accounts. 1. Becau&s;e &s;eeing the mouth of the Stomach is the receptacle of Phlegm, the &s;ame is often likewi&s;e hurt, where|by,
<PB N="805" REF="366"> as al&s;o becau&s;e of the vicinity of the Heart, there follows a <HI>Syncope</HI> or &s;wooning, as appears in the Syncopal Fever. 2. The coldne&s;s of the Phlegm is very adver&s;e to Nature. 3. When Phlegm by its plenty overcometh Melancholy, it dulls, extingui&s;hes and &s;uffocates the innate heat: For &s;eeing Phlegm is a crude humour, when it abounds in the Ve&s;&s;els, it hinders the acce&s;s of the Blood to the parts to be nouri&s;hed. 4. Seeing Phlegm may ob&s;truct on three accounts, both by its quantity, thickne&s;s, and toughne&s;s or clammi|ne&s;s, in an ob&s;truction ari&s;ing from the&s;e cau&s;es, there is an hindrance of a &s;ufficient tran&s;piration of the Air to nouri&s;h the Spirits,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Thom. &agrave; Veiga</HI> l. de diff. febr. comm. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> from a defect whereof &s;prings a weakne&s;s of the faculties.</P>
<P N="5">V. In a <HI>Melancholick plenitude</HI> we may Bleed more largely and boldly, 1. Becau&s;e the Melan|cholick have much hot Blood, for the ventilation and evacuation whereof Bleeding is very availe|able. 2. That humour though it be thick, yet is not clammy, which clammine&s;s &s;eeing Phlegm partakes of, and &s;ticks more to the Ve&s;&s;els, it is not &s;o readily brought forth with the Blood. 3. By evacuating the Blood the Melancholick hu|mour is likewi&s;e evacuated, becau&s;e it is the <HI>faex</HI> or dreggy part of the Blood; but &s;o is not Phlegm, nor any other crude humour. 4. Natural Me|lancholy is more agreeable to the nature of the Blood than Phlegm is, &s;eeing it is generated by a temperate heat; but &s;o is not Phlegm, but by a dimini&s;hed heat. 5. Melancholick Blood is thick, and can neither be con&s;umed by ab&s;tinence nor bathing: therefore it ought to be evacuated by Bleeding, as <HI>Jacchinus</HI> &s;ays <HI>pr. c.</HI> 15. 6. Becau&s;e Phlegm, if it &s;tay long in the Body, may be cor|rected, and turned into Blood by further Con|coction:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zacut.</HI> princ. med. hi&s;t. lib. <HI>2.</HI> hi&s;t. <HI>78.</HI></NOTE> But Melancholy cannot pa&s;s into Blood, and by &s;taying long in the Body, becomes <HI>atra bilis</HI> or black adult choler.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Avicen</HI> 4. 1. <HI>c.</HI> 20. forbids Bleeding in a great efferve&s;cence of choler: <HI>When the &V;rine is thin and Fiery,</HI> that is, is very Cholerick, <HI>we mu&s;t have a care how we Bleed.</HI> For if we Bleed, a victo|ry of choler and an efferve&s;cence thereof is to be feared; becau&s;e when the Blood is extracted, which is the bridle of the bilious humour, choler prevails more. This opinion of <HI>Avicen,</HI> that is exploded by many, is agreeable to the doctrine of <HI>Galen.</HI> For he &s;ays (<HI>comm. in</HI> 6. <HI>Epid. &s;.</HI> 3. <HI>t. ult.) An impedim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nt in tho&s;e that &s;pit Blood, is the &s;ea&s;on of the year, a pleuri&s;ie, choler;</HI> where by <HI>impediment</HI> he means a prohibition of Bleeding. Therefore redundance of choler, even in a di&s;ea&s;e that re|quires Bleeding, hinders it. The &s;ame (4. <HI>de &s;an. tu.</HI> 4.) &s;ays that, <HI>when the humours recede a little from the nature of Blood, we mu&s;t let Blood boldly; but if further, then more warily; but if very much, we mu&s;t take away none at all.</HI> Likewi&s;e 9. <HI>meth. cap.</HI> 5. reckoning up the indications that di&s;&s;uade from vene&s;ection, he ab&s;tains therefrom when the mouth of the Stomach abounds with bitter cho|ler. Al&s;o 2. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 2. he forbids it in an ex|qui&s;ite <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> and <HI>Herpes.</HI> The &s;ame he does in an exqui&s;ite Tertian (1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 9.) And he gives the &s;ame advice in every other di&s;temper that is the offspring of a bilious fluxion, and where choler recedes very much from the nature of Blood; for in &s;uch there is not a due &s;trength of the faculties. And on the &s;ame account fa&s;ting hurts, becau&s;e in the defect of alimental moi&s;ture, &s;uch Bodies being dried wax hot. So by Bleed|ing they are more dried and inflamed, and the hu|mours ferment more. For the &s;ame rea&s;on <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Glauc.</HI> 14.) &s;ays that Bleeding is to be feared in climates that are exce&s;&s;ive hot. He teaches the &s;ame 11. <HI>meth.</HI> 4. e&s;pecially if the Blood be little and the choler very much; for though the humours flow out promi&s;cuou&s;ly, and abide in the &s;ame pro|portion in the ve&s;&s;els, there follows an evident harm without benefit, becau&s;e a great deal of Blood is let out for a &s;mall quantity of choler, and the vertue that ought to rule the bilious hu|mour is di&s;&s;olved, which humour being no longer under Natures government, does thereupon fer|ment and putrefie. But <HI>Avicen's</HI> opinion is to be under&s;tood when the bilious humour is either in the fir&s;t region of the Body, or in its <HI>Ambitus</HI> or &s;urface: For the Veins being emptied by Bleed|ing, in&s;tead of the Blood that is let forth they &s;natch the bilious humour out of the fir&s;t region of the Body, or from its habit, by the admi&s;&s;ion whereof the Ma&s;s of Blood is defiled and made more acrimonious: In which c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e Bleeding cools not, but heats; and Purging &s;hould be u&s;ed in|&s;tead of it, or at lea&s;t go before it. Thus <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 1. admoni&s;h us, that con|tinual Fevers are cau&s;ed through the Veins being drained in the Summer time, and drawing acri|monious humours to them: And 1. <HI>Epid.</HI> 2. <HI>comm.</HI> 20. he &s;ays that Tertians &s;pring from choler heap|ed up in the <HI>genus carno&s;um</HI> or fle&s;hy parts. For then, when there is a Cacochymy in the habit of the Body, the Veins being emptied and dried through heat, are yet further emptied by letting Blood, and by the attraction of acrimonious ichors the heat becomes unbridled, and the choler effer|ve&s;ces, with fear le&s;t the raging choler,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zacut.</HI> princ. med. hi&s;t. <HI>63.</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> being thin and hot, &s;hould by its re&s;tle&s;s motion come to fall upon &s;ome principal part, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. When the Blood it &s;elf is redundant, it is mo&s;t powerfully and quickly le&s;&s;ened by Vene|&s;ection; which benefit one &s;hall in vain expect therefrom in the redundance of other humours. For though by Bleeding the <HI>Serum</HI> be le&s;&s;ened in the Body together with the re&s;t of the Blood, yet it is not le&s;&s;ened in that re&s;pect that it abounds. Now the <HI>Serum</HI> is &s;aid to be redundant in the Bo|dy, when there is more of it generated and heap|ed up therein, than its natural proportion with the re&s;t of the Blood requires. Therefore when <HI>Se|rum</HI> is to be le&s;&s;ened, we mu&s;t not think that it matters not though the Blood be dimini&s;hed with|al, who&s;e proportion is then changed, and indeed &s;o, that we &s;hould rather wi&s;h that the other parts of the Blood, be&s;ides the <HI>Serum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe <HI>Ap|pend. tract.</HI> 6. &sect;. 156 <HI>&amp; &s;eqq.</HI></NOTE> could be increa&s;ed, than that they &s;hould be le&s;&s;ened toge|ther with the <HI>Serum.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Blood is e&s;teemed the greate&s;t darling of Nature, by who&s;e help &s;he performs all her opera|tions, and which we can hardly withdraw from her without prejudice: Yet art requires that tho&s;e who will have to do with this darling, neither being bold nor fearful, but prudent and couragious, pro|ceed to Vene&s;ection, being moved by no other rea&s;ons &s;ave the&s;e four. 1. Becau&s;e of a <HI>Ple|thora,</HI> that Nature may be ea&s;ed of too great a burthen, and the natural heat pre&s;erved from &s;uf|focation. 2. To revel the Blood and other hu|mours that are mixt with it, namely when by ha&s;tening to this or that part by too great a Flux, they hinder the cure. 3. To derive the Blood &s;ome other way that is already &s;lid into any part, though it have as yet no fixed &s;eat there, nor be extrava&s;ated. 4. To cool it, when it is inflamed with &s;o great a heat, as can be &s;lacked neither by cooling Medicins, nor by time. But &s;ome think that they are too much &s;traitned within the&s;e bounds, de&s;iring that corruption of the Blood &s;hould be an argument for Bleeding as well as the four rea&s;ons already rehear&s;ed; that Nature being ea&s;ed of a portion of the corrupt Blood, might the better correct and amend the remainder. But I would greatly de&s;ire, 1. That this evacuation may be made without prejudice to the faculties that are &s;o nece&s;&s;ary. 2. I would have them when they are by the Bed of the &s;ick per&s;on, accurate|ly to &s;hew to what degree of corruption the Blood is already come, that thence it may be known,
<PB N="806" REF="367"> how much is to be taken away by Vene&s;ection, and how often; becau&s;e Bleeding is not permitted in all putrefactions of the Blood, but only in that wherein it is not as yet come to any high degree. 3. They ought to &s;hew manife&s;tly for what rea|&s;on they would have a greater corruption cured by Purging, but a le&s;s by Bleeding, &s;eeing they give the true name of a Cacochymy, to this latter as well as to the former: I &s;ay, let them &s;hew that things differing only <HI>&s;ecundum magis &amp; minus</HI> (or gradually) do differ &s;pecifically, and there|fore require a remedy different <HI>in &s;pecie.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. Whether a putrid humour be to be evacua|ted by Vene&s;ection, is not hard to re&s;olve with tho&s;e that advi&s;e bleeding in every Di&s;ea&s;e. But I &s;ay, if we mu&s;t not depart from the rules of <HI>Galen,</HI> that no where in his Doctrine can it be found that this humour can be evacuated by opening a Vein, but either by purging Medicins, or by vomiting, or by diureticks, or hydroticks: See the 7. &amp; 8. <HI>Cap.</HI> of <HI>Lib.</HI> 11. <HI>m. med.</HI> If you &s;ay, how will the putrid Blood be evacuated in a <HI>Synocha,</HI> or al&s;o excrementitious humours di&s;tant from the Nature of Blood, when they are mixed with it? I an&s;wer, that the putridne&s;s of the Blood in a <HI>Synochus</HI> may be con&s;ider'd, either as the Blood as yet keeps its goodne&s;s, or as it has wholly lo&s;t its proper form. In the former ca&s;e, it is not pro|perly putrid, though it is beginning to degenerate; in which ca&s;e we may let Blood for a plenitude, and for ob&s;truction cau&s;ed thereby. In the latter ca&s;e we may not, 1. Becau&s;e in &s;uch a corruption the faculties are not &s;trong; 2. Becau&s;e the Multi|tude (or <HI>plethora</HI>) hath degenerated into a cacochy|my, which a purging Medicin corrects. And let the &s;ame Judgment be pa&s;t upon the humours mix|ed with the Blood: For this mixture is made with the Blood two ways, either with a multitude of it, or without. The fir&s;t admits bleeding, not on the account of the mixture, but by rea&s;on of the Plen|ty of Blood, that part being evacuated, Nature may pre&s;erve the re&s;t from putrefaction. The Second does by no means require this remedy, &s;ee|ing that only is to be evacuated that gives trouble to Nature, but &s;uch Blood gives none, why there|fore &s;hould it be evacuated? Why will it like you to empty a Pound of good Blood, by opening a Vein, that you may bring forth an Ounce of ex|crementitious Choler mixed with it? How much this way of cure differs from the Opinion of the Ancients, this may witne&s;s in a &s;pecial manner, That purgers bring &s;ome one kind of humour out of the Veins, and this is called properly to purge, that is, to chu&s;e one thing that is mixt among many, and make it purer. I know that it is the opinion of &s;ome, that Vene&s;ection is always con|venient when excrementitious humours are mixt with the Blood; but by what has been &s;aid, 'tis clear they are mi&s;taken: And no le&s;s &s;o are tho&s;e who &s;eeing the Blood corrupted, <HI>viz.</HI> bilious, eru|ginous, or otherwi&s;e tainted, brag that it was well they took a great deal, and itch to be repeating Vene&s;ection every day, as if they were &s;ome com|mon &s;laughter-Men. But <HI>Galen</HI> did not do &s;o, who when the Blood was bad, in a time of Scarcity, forbad vene&s;ection;<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. Augen. <HI>tom.</HI> 1. <HI>l.</HI> 10. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 4.</NOTE> ob&s;erving, that all tho&s;e died who were bled upon an indication taken from a putrid humour.</P>
<P N="10">X. A Man of fifty being cacochymical, and &s;ubject to great ob&s;tructions of the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI> having without purging fir&s;t, or without any nece&s;&s;ity or advice of a Phy&s;ician, cau&s;ed his right Cephalick Vein to be opened, having been at a great Dinner the &s;ame Day; on the following there ro&s;e a pain about the place of Inci&s;ion, that was dull at fir&s;t, but increa&s;ing and becoming more vehement by Degrees, there followed a great afflux of Serous humours, &s;o that all from the &s;houlder to the Fin|gers ends was incredibly &s;welled, with Inflamma|tion and Pu&s;tules every where bur&s;ting forth, out of which a &s;erous and acrimonious humour flowed in great plenty, &s;o that a Gangrene was at hand; yet he was cured by the efficacy of Remedies.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Fabr. Hild.</HI> cont. <HI>4.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>71.</HI> See a|nother in|&s;tance there ob&s;. <HI>70.</HI></NOTE> Hence it is clear how dangerous it is to move any thing in impure Bodies.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Tho&s;e who have the pa&s;&s;age of Gall im|planted into the bottom of the Stomach, and for that rea&s;on vomit choler daily, are troubled with a <HI>Nau&s;ea</HI> and bitterne&s;s in their Mouth, and are in continual Affliction, according to <HI>Avicen</HI> are not to be bled, becau&s;e by bleeding the Choler retur|ning to the Veins becomes more hot and boiling: E&s;pecially &s;eeing the Faculties are not &s;trong in the&s;e, &s;eeing they endure great pains and gnaw|ings at their Stomach, are &s;ei&s;ed with <HI>Cardiogmi,</HI> &s;woon, are tormented with thir&s;t, are convul&s;ed, want an appetite, nau&s;eate and are often taken with an inflammation of their Stomach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacutus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. Not only plenty of Blood, nor the Extra|neous or Ela&s;tick parts that are mixed with it, do cau&s;e it to have an <HI>impetus;</HI> but the Ve&s;&s;els that contain it do often incite the circulation. The &s;tory that Dr. <HI>Willis</HI> tells of a Woman that he had under cure, &s;ufficiently proves that the Blood-ve&s;&s;els do &s;tir up the Liquor they contain to an unu&s;ual and vehement motion. That Woman had been long troubled with a cruel Colick pain, joined with Convul&s;ive motions: He order'd her, becau&s;e of the greatne&s;s of her pul&s;e, to be let Blood to four ounces out of the Jugular Vein, out of which the Blood i&s;&s;ued with great violence: But being taken with an Apoplexy a few hours after, &s;he died. Her Body being opened there were hardly to be &s;een four ounces of Blood re|maining: So that it is hardly con&s;onant to rea|&s;on that from &s;o &s;mall a quantity of Blood &s;o &s;trong and frequent impre&s;&s;ions &s;hould be made upon the inner Nervous coats of the Heart and Arteries, as to put the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els upon driving the Blood about &s;o rapidly: And therefore it is very likely that the Heart and Ve&s;&s;els them&s;elves impelled the Blood, the Blood it &s;elf not concurring thereto. We may likewi&s;e infer that from the vehemence of &s;ome pa&s;&s;ions of the mind, joy, anger, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Channels of the Blood do of them&s;elves promote its motion, becau&s;e the lucid and &s;en&s;e-cau&s;ing Spirits, being moved more than u&s;ual, do ru&s;h more vehemently out of the Brain into the Ner|vous Channels, tho&s;e perhaps e&s;pecially that &s;end branches into the Heart and the Ve&s;&s;els that &s;pring from that Bowel, whereby it comes to pa&s;s that the con&s;trictions of the heart become more frequent and vehement.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Gautier,</HI> medic. Ni|vorten&s;is in Merc. am. an. <HI>1681.</HI></NOTE> In &s;uch a ca&s;e as this it were ra&s;hne&s;s and imprudence to fly to Vene&s;ecti|on, and to order it as often as we would do in inflammatory di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Becau&s;e the Blood that is poured out at the No&s;e, appears florid and &s;aturated with a &s;plendid redne&s;s, it is commonly believed to be more pure and &s;incere than the re&s;t: The rea&s;on given is, becau&s;e it is poured forth by very &s;len|der Ve&s;&s;els, which ('tis &s;aid) admit not the thick|er Blood. But the whole Ma&s;s of Blood, toge|ther with all the humours it con&s;i&s;ts of, is percola|ted, at lea&s;t in the Liver, as all agree (which the Phy&s;icians that defend the old Hypothe&s;is ought to have noted, who likewi&s;e teach that the thick|er Blood is evacuated by the Hemorrhoids, and i&s;&s;ues out of the Capillary Ve&s;&s;els,) If they &s;ay that tho&s;e &s;mall Ve&s;&s;els are widened by the tur|gent and more vehemently fermenting Blood, why &s;ay they not the &s;ame of the Ve&s;&s;els of the No&s;trils? Be&s;ides, that Blood which flows out of the Hemorrhoids, is &s;ometimes no le&s;s bright and red than that which runs out of the No&s;e: There|fore neither the &s;aturate redne&s;s of the Blood, nor the &s;malne&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els out of which it i&s;&s;ues, evince that that Blood is purer than the
<PB N="807" REF="367"> re&s;t. We &s;hall ea&s;ily find a rea&s;on of its deep redne&s;s, if we ob&s;erve what happens to the Blood as to its colour, as it flows out in this or that manner, out of the&s;e or tho&s;e Ve&s;&s;els. The Blood that flows out of an Artery being cut, is <HI>(caeteris paribus)</HI> more bright and red than that which flows out of a Vein: Likewi&s;e the Blood, from whence&s;oever it flow, that de&s;tils out by drops, is redder than that which i&s;&s;ues forth in a full &s;tream by a large Orifice. Blood let forth into a broad Ba&s;on looks very red: If the &s;ame be received out of the &s;ame Vein into a narrow and deep Ve&s;&s;el, it inclines more to black. La&s;tly, If the Blood that is let out of its Ve&s;&s;els be re|ceived in a cold place, it becomes more ruddy, if in an hot one, more black. Thus the Blood that flows out of the internal Hemorrhoids, if it be retained in the &s;treight Gut, looks more black; but more red if it i&s;&s;ue forth pre&s;ently, unle&s;s &s;ome &s;pecial cau&s;e hinder. From the&s;e things it is evidently gathered, that the Blood when it is &s;uddenly cooled, becomes more red; when it cools by degrees or lei&s;urely, it is more black: Now it cools the &s;ooner when it i&s;&s;ues out but in a &s;mall quantity, becau&s;e a little is le&s;s able to re&s;i&s;t the ambient air than much is: It is &s;ooner cooled when it is received in a large or wide Ve&s;&s;el, than when in a narrow and deep. From the&s;e the re&s;t appear. Therefore the rea&s;on why the Blood that flows out of the No&s;e looks more red, is not becau&s;e it is purer, but becau&s;e it is &s;udden|ly cooled. What the quickne&s;s or &s;lowne&s;s of cooling can do towards variety of colours, we may ob&s;erve in Steel when it is temper'd; for if a bar of Steel that is red hot be moved very &s;wift|ly through the cold Air, it puts on a reddi&s;h co|lour; if not &s;o &s;wiftly, a colour that inclines to yellow; if yet le&s;s &s;wiftly, it looks blue; if very &s;lowly, it receives the natural colour of Steel: For like as Bodies that are very hot are cooled quicker or &s;lower, are the in&s;en&s;ible particles of which they con&s;i&s;t di&s;po&s;ed on this or that manner, and they diver&s;ly modifie the light which they reflect, in which modification does their colour con&s;i&s;t. Not only the quickne&s;s of cooling makes the Blood of a more &s;aturate colour, but al&s;o the motion of the particles of the Air, which by lick|ing as it were the &s;urface of the Blood, and de|pre&s;&s;ing the particles that jet out, make it more &s;mooth, den&s;e and &s;lick, and &s;o makes its redne&s;s more bright, through the greater reflexion of the light. Thus Red wood looks redder when it is &s;moothed and poli&s;hed by &s;ome convenient in&s;tru|ment. From the &s;ame cau&s;e the Blood that was blacki&s;h in the top of the Ve&s;&s;el, if it be expo&s;ed to the Air, acquires a more &s;aturate and &s;plen|did colour, namely becau&s;e its di&s;per&s;ed and emi|nent particles are depre&s;&s;ed and compre&s;&s;ed into a den&s;e skin, which reflects more light than the &s;ame Blood, when its particles were loo&s;e and le&s;s cohering, becau&s;e then a great deal of the light did penetrate into the inter&s;tices of the parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Bayle <HI>probl. med.</HI> 2.</NOTE> and was not reflected at all, and the re&s;t falling upon &s;oft parts was reflected but weakly.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. From the precedent problem it is ea&s;ily under&s;tood that a &s;udden mutation from heat to cold, and the appul&s;e of the Air, are the cau&s;e of the redne&s;s where the Blood that is pour|ed forth &s;hineth: Hence it follows, that as of|ten as the Blood is red, it has undergone the greater and more &s;udden change; which hap|pens two ways, either becau&s;e the Blood is hotter, or becau&s;e the ambient Air is colder: Where|fore in an equal temper of the ambient Air, other things being al&s;o alike, a notable red|ne&s;s of the Blood is a &s;ign of its notable heat: therefore a florid redne&s;s of the Blood is not a certain token of malignity. Yet if horrible Symptoms accompany a Fever, &s;uch as none but a notable putrefaction can produce, and yet a putrefaction of the Blood cannot be deduced from its colour, tho&s;e grievous Symptoms are to be re|ferred to &s;ome malignity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="15">XV. To prove that the Elements of the Blood are the four vulgar humours, to wit Blood &s;o called <HI>in &s;pecie,</HI> Choler, Melancholy and Phlegm, &s;ome take an argument from the variety of co|lours in the different parts of the Blood when it is cold in a Poringer: for they affirm that that which is florid in the uppermo&s;t part, is choler, which becau&s;e it is fiery, gets a top through its lightne&s;s; that which is next under this is Blood, which being hot and moi&s;t, hath an analogy with the Air; below this is Melancholy, which being of an Earthy nature, de&s;cends to the lowe&s;t place by its weight: Phlegm, which re&s;embles the na|ture of water, they &s;ay is mixed with Melancho|ly, as Water is ea&s;ily mixed with Earth. Be&s;ides they &s;ay that the &s;aid humours do yet more be|tray them&s;elves by their colour, e&s;pecially Blood and Melancholy: The manife&s;t token of the former is a &s;plendid redne&s;s, and of the latter a blacki&s;h colour. Indeed tho&s;e who think thus, do notably accommodate the&s;e <HI>phaenomena</HI> to their Hypothe&s;es: But from what has been &s;aid it is evident that the uppermo&s;t part of the Blood is red becau&s;e it is very quickly cooled, and is more immediately affected by the pul&s;e of the Air, and that the lowe&s;t is blacki&s;h, becau&s;e it is cool|ed by degrees, and the Air acts only remotely upon it. Wherefore it depends on the plea&s;ure of the Surgeon, whether all the Blood that is poured forth of any Vein &s;hall look inten&s;ely red or no; for &s;o it will look, if it be received in a wide Ba&s;on; but blacki&s;h, if in a narrow and deep Ve&s;&s;el, or if it be &s;et to coagulate in a warm place: Thus Blood may be accounted almo&s;t all of it Melancholy, or all of it Blood <HI>in &s;pecie</HI> &s;o called, as it cools on this or that manner. There|fore it is a weak argument that is taken from the colour of the different parts of the Blood cooled in a Ve&s;&s;el,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem. See below <HI>&sect;. 21.</HI></NOTE> to prove that its elements are the four vulgar humours.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Nor may we always <HI>from the colour being changed</HI> infer that the &s;ub&s;tance is changed or cor|rupted; for we &s;ee many Bodies change colour with|out any &s;en&s;ible detriment to their chief faculties, &s;eeing they put forth the &s;ame actions as before, and with the &s;ame &s;trength. But in Heterogene|ous Liquors there can hardly be induced a colour much different from what they u&s;e to have, but they mu&s;t undergo a great change, e&s;pecially if they be of the kind of tho&s;e that are very ea&s;ily alter'd, through the mutual action of the parts that con&s;titute them, whether tho&s;e parts be deter|min'd to act upon their fellows by external agents, or be &s;tirred up to divorce by the mixture of ex|traneous Bodies, by which ways both Blood and Milk are very ea&s;ily changed, &s;uffering on this &s;ide divers Secretions, and on that, Concretions of their con&s;tituent parts: Hither does that re|tire that is thin and more fluid, and there does that coagulate which is more thick: All which things can hardly happen but there mu&s;t be &s;ome change in colour, and hardly can Blood undergo &s;uch a change but the&s;e things preceded. Where|fore one would think that the colour of the Blood might &s;hew whether and how great its putrefacti|on is. Moreover a livid or black colour both in the Blood and in the Fle&s;h &s;ignifies that there is a putrefaction a growing, or already grown therein, as we may ob&s;erve in a Gangrene and Mortification: And though <HI>Pus</HI> or Matter be the offspring of the Blood or Fle&s;h putrefying in a certain manner; yet they are not changed into <HI>Pus</HI> till they have pa&s;t into a &s;ublivid <HI>Sanies.</HI> Pu|trefaction con&s;i&s;ts in the di&s;&s;olution of the parts from one another, &s;o as that they fall a&s;under, or
<PB N="808" REF="368"> be very ready &s;o to do: Putrefaction, I mean, pro|perly &s;o called, which is in the Bodies of Animals. Such di&s;&s;olution of the parts is nece&s;&s;arily accom|panied with blackne&s;s, the parts being di&s;&s;ipated that reflect the light more &s;trongly and plen|tifully, or being however become &s;ofter. There|fore when the Blood looks black, not only in the bottom of the Ve&s;&s;el for the rea&s;ons given in the preceding Paragraphs, but al&s;o in the very &s;ur|face, where through its proper con&s;titution from the &s;udden cooling and appul&s;e of the Air it ought to be red, 'tis a certain &s;ign that there is &s;ome pu|trefaction in it. If the Blood be not only black, but al&s;o do not coagulate, it &s;ignifies that the pu|trefaction is diffu&s;ed through the whole Ma&s;s, the Fibres being corrupted by which the Blood &s;hould curdle. If the Blood look red in its &s;ur|face in one place, and in another incline to livid; if here it look pali&s;h, and there yellowi&s;h, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> it is a &s;ign there is a great di&s;po&s;ition to putre|faction: For that variety of colours cannot hap|pen unle&s;s many and Foreign and diver&s;e things be mixed with the Ma&s;s of Blood, which whil&s;t they act upon one another, corrupt the Ma&s;s of Blood. There are innumerable things to be in|quired concerning the colour and con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood, the knowledge whereof is greatly ne|ce&s;&s;ary for the knowing of di&s;ea&s;es and Morbifick cau&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem pro|bl. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. When in Vene&s;ection the Blood that runs forth is received into Water, that part that gives redne&s;s to the whole Ma&s;s, is &s;eparated from the re&s;t and mixt with the Water, and the re|mainder, or a great part of it, for the mo&s;t part grows together into whiti&s;h Fibres. Some think that what is Phlegmatick in the Blood, or Phlegm it &s;elf pa&s;&s;es into &s;uch Fibres. It cannot be de|nied but Phlegm is always mixed with the Blood, &s;ee|ing even in the healthful &s;omething of Phlegm does continually de&s;til from the Brain upon the <HI>Fauces,</HI> and from thence into the Stomach: But I can hardly be brought to believe that the Filaments that grow together in the Water are mere Phlegm, but I &s;hould rather think that it is that part of the Blood which was ready to pa&s;s into the &s;ub&s;tance of the &s;olid parts; for both of the&s;e are white: And it is an argument hereof, that &s;uch as have more and more firm Fle&s;h, and a more ro|bu&s;t Body, in the &s;ame is the Fibrous part of the Blood the more plentiful: And in the lean, who&s;e Blood is more acrimonious, or corrupted, there are fewer of tho&s;e Fibres. Therefore from tho&s;e whiti&s;h Fibres it cannot be inferred that the Blood is Phlegmatick, but that it has a greater or le&s;&s;er con&s;i&s;tence, accordingly as the&s;e Fibres abound more or le&s;s. Be&s;ides from the colour of the Fibres it may be inferred whether the Blood incline to a Cholerick, Phlegmatick or Melancholick con&s;ti|tution. Thus heretofore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> knew by the rags of a men&s;truous Woman, having fir&s;t wiped away the red part of the Blood, whether the Blood were bilious,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem pro|bl. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. I do not think that &s;nivel which (&s;ome|times) &s;wims a top of the Red Blood, is always excrementitious Phlegm, but rather the crude part of the Blood elaborated from the chyle, but not as yet concocted enough, nor brought to that perfection it ought to have, but wants to be per|fected by the repeated circulation of the Blood. <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> him&s;elf calls that <HI>Muccago</HI> or Snivel, the crude and unconcocted part of the Blood. <HI>Har|vey (lib. de generat. animal. p.</HI> 319.) &s;ays that that part is found in the more hot and robu&s;t Animals, as Hor&s;es, Oxen, and Men al&s;o of a vivid con|&s;titution, and &s;wims a top like Hart&s;horn gelly or the white of an Egg &s;omewhat thickned: And he does not reckon it to be the cruder and colder part of the Blood, but the more Spirital, &s;eeing it &s;wims above the florid and rutilant part in the coagulated Blood, and abounds chiefly in per&s;ons of an hot temperature, the robu&s;t and well-&s;et, and comes forth with a greater violence in Ve|ne&s;ection. I have &s;ometimes &s;een this gelly lie un|der the ruddy part. But by a diligent in&s;pection for many Years of the Blood that has been let, I have only ob&s;erved that this <HI>Muccago</HI> is not found in tho&s;e that u&s;e a &s;pare diet, and are of a good temperature, but frequently in the gluttonous and &s;uch who&s;e Bowels are indued with a weaker heat: whence it is almo&s;t always ob&s;erved in the Phlegmatick and Old. I never &s;aw it flow out of the Veins of the Head, often out of tho&s;e of the Arm, but mo&s;t often out of the Veins of the Feet and in a larger quantity. It is &s;ometimes al&s;o found in per&s;ons of the be&s;t con&s;titution; and the rea&s;on is, becau&s;e the&s;e from the vehemence of their appetite eat heartily, and &s;ometimes more than Nature can pre&s;ently turn into good aliment, whence part thereof remaineth more crude, but yet by a frequent circulation of it through the heart, e&s;pecially if a more &s;pare diet follow with|al, it is at length turn'd into good Blood, that &s;o we may be &s;ure this ge<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly is the parts of the chyle not as yet &s;ufficiently concocted in the work-hou&s;e of the Heart.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Moebius</HI> fundam. phy&s;iolog. cap. <HI>13.</HI> p. <HI>222.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P>&para; Blood that is wholly de&s;titute of fatne&s;s, or wants it in part, is not very commendable: A plenty thereof makes the Body fle&s;hy; its unctu|ou&s;ne&s;s, fat; and its leanne&s;s, lean. This opini|on of mine may be confirmed by examining the Blood that is let forth by vene&s;ection: For the upper part thereof that many take for the Phlegm of the Blood, and &s;o is e&s;teemed for a faulty part, is often the be&s;t Blood. This may be known by the Fire; for if it be Fat, it will flame;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette</HI> Anat. Practic. cap. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> but if Phlegm, then it u&s;es to crackle.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. In Bleeding in a Pleuri&s;ie when the Blood is cold, it looks like melted Suet for a con&s;ider|able thickne&s;s, and its &s;urface is like true <HI>Pus</HI> or Matter; and yet it is far different from it, &s;eeing it is &s;traitly woven with Fibres like the re&s;t of the Blood, and runs not about like <HI>Pus:</HI> But when this di&s;coloured part is pulled from the re&s;t, it looks like a tough and Fibrous skin; and perhaps is nothing el&s;e but the Fibres of the Blood, which being deprived of their Red and Natural cover by precipitation, are grown together into &s;uch a whiti&s;h membrane by the coldne&s;s of the Ambi|ent Air. But (to touch this by the by) we mu&s;t note, that if the Blood i&s;&s;ue not forth of the Vein in a &s;treight &s;tream horizontally, but creeping along the skin fall Perpendicularly, let it run this latter way never &s;o fa&s;t, yet often it will not be of the &s;aid colour: Of which I confe&s;s I know not the rea&s;on. Nor is the Patient &s;o much relieved by &s;uch Bleeding, as when it flows forth in the manner fir&s;t de&s;cribed. Yea though it flows out this very way, if a too narrow Orifice, or any thing el&s;e hinder it from running forth in a full &s;tream, neither in this ca&s;e will the Blood look like that of the Pleuritical, nor will the Patient be &s;o much benefited by it. Moreover I have ob&s;erved, that let the Blood flow out how it will, if one &s;tir it with his Finger as &s;oon as it is re|ceived into the Poringer,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Sydenh.</HI> ob&s;. med. cap. de pleurit.</NOTE> its &s;urface will look as Red and florid as in any other di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="20">XX. The Blood that is taken forth by Vene|&s;ection looks often very dry and de&s;titute of all <HI>Serum</HI> after &s;ome hours, which is commonly im|puted to too great heat or adu&s;tion. But this rea|&s;on is very feeble; for if on the &s;ame day you open the &s;ame Vein again, or another, you will find <HI>Serum</HI> enough in the Blood that comes forth. So that the true cau&s;e is to be &s;ought in the cir|culation of the Blood, but e&s;pecially in the Lym|phatick Ve&s;&s;els,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette</HI> Anat. Practic. cap. <HI>14.</HI></NOTE> which at that time attract the <HI>Serum</HI> and moi&s;ture, and make the Blood drier.</P>
<P N="21"><PB N="809" REF="368">XXI. When the Blood is cold in the Porringer, then that which is in the bottom looks far blacker than that which is in the upper &s;urface. Indeed it is a common opinion that that black Blood is Me|lancholick Blood, and men are wont to u&s;e this as an in&s;tance to &s;hew that the Melancholick hu|mour (as 'tis called) together with the other three enter the compo&s;ition of the Blood. But <HI>Fraca&s;|&s;atus</HI> affirms that that black colour proceeds from hence, <HI>viz.</HI> Becau&s;e that Blood which is in the bottom of the Porringer is not expo&s;ed to the Air, and not from any mixture of Melancholy with the Blood:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Ex Act.</HI> Reg. Soc. Angl. <HI>p.</HI> 153. <HI>Ann.</HI> 1667.</NOTE> Which that he may demon&s;trate, he &s;ays the colour it &s;elf will change and become clear and red, if it be expo&s;ed to the Air.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Seeing <HI>Revul&s;ion</HI> helps Fluxion by way of <HI>Vacuum,</HI> it follows that every evacuation does not do it, but only that which is large, &s;o that thereby there be made an inanition either of the whole, or of the parts that lie next to the part affected. Which I &s;ay for their &s;akes that think to avert a Fluxion by extracting two or three ounces of Blood: and believe that they &s;hall do this more effectually, if they let forth that little quantity not all at once but at &s;everal times, &s;top|ping it ever and anon: for &s;eeing a <HI>Vacuum</HI> hap|pens not by &s;uch evacuations,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martian. 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 5. <HI>v.</HI> 17.</NOTE> by means whereof the Fluxion to the part affected is hindred, how &s;hall they cau&s;e a Revul&s;ion?</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. In Revul&s;ion we mu&s;t mind in what quantity Blood is to be let; whether together and at once, or by repeated turns? Though Authors com|mend this latter way, yet rea&s;on and experience teach that a certain di&s;tinction is to be u&s;ed. For fir&s;t we let Blood at one turn out of the larger Veins in an Afflux of the humours without ef|fu&s;ion or evacuation: but at &s;everal turns out of the le&s;&s;er Veins in an Afflux with effu&s;ion, as in an overflowing of the Terms, or too great an He|morrhage. S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">condly, We let Blood all at once when the Matter is already flow'd into the part, and remains in it:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hofm <HI>m. m. l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 20.</NOTE> but by littl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd little while it is but a flowing into it. The Quin&s;ie, Pleuri&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> afford an example.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. We gather from <HI>Hippocrates (l. de nat. hum. v.</HI> 230.) the difference between the curing of a di&s;ea&s;e pre&s;ent, and the pre&s;ervation from one imminent: <HI>We mu&s;t endeavour to make our Sections as far as may be from the parts affected,</HI> &amp;c. Becau&s;e in the former ca&s;e Vene&s;ection is to be made out of the Veins that are neare&s;t to the part affected. Whence <HI>Galen</HI> (6. <HI>aph.</HI> 36.) has noted that our great Ma&s;ter u&s;ed always to let Blood out of the Arms for di&s;ea&s;es above the Liver; but for tho&s;e below, out of the Legs and Ankles; a rea&s;on whereof is given by <HI>Cel&s;us, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 9. <HI>Nor am I ig|norant</HI> (&s;ays he) <HI>that &s;ome &s;ay, that Blood is to be let at the greate&s;t di&s;tance from the part affected, for &s;o the cour&s;e of the matter is averted, and that which al|ready oppre&s;&s;es the part is called forth. But this is fal&s;e; for Bleeding fir&s;t exhau&s;ts the neare&s;t part; and the Blood therefore follows from the remoter parts, becau&s;e it is fir&s;t let forth of the neare&s;t; but as &s;oon as it is &s;topt, it comes no longer from afar, becau&s;e it is drawn. Hippocrates</HI> has confirmed that &s;ame pre|cept, <HI>lib. de loc. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>v.</HI> 285. where &s;peaking of all evacuation he &s;ays; <HI>But di&s;ea&s;es are to be drawn forth by that part which they are neare&s;t to, or by the neare&s;t outlet.</HI> Which at length he hath more particularly expre&s;&s;ed even in the evacuation that is made by Medicins: Pains above the Midriff that need purgation, intimate that they &s;hould be purged by Vomit; but tho&s;e below by Stool. But for prevention of tho&s;e di&s;ea&s;es that have been u&s;ed to invade often, <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s opinion is, that Blood &s;hould be let at the greate&s;t di&s;tance from the part affected: Of which he gives a double rea&s;on; namely, 1. Le&s;t there be a great change made on the &s;uddain in that part which is u&s;ed to be ill: For by &s;uch change the humours being for the mo&s;t part moved, and the part it &s;elf further weak|ned, fluxions towards it are excited, whence the accu&s;tomed Di&s;ea&s;es are rai&s;ed. Which Precept many Gouty Per&s;ons not ob&s;erving, whil&s;t they will Bleed or Purge for prevention, they often rai&s;e tho&s;e pains that were quiet. 2. Another rea&s;on is, that by Vene&s;ection made in di&s;tant parts the cu&s;tom may be removed, by which the humours u&s;ed upon any occa&s;ion to flow upon, the part accu&s;to|med to be affected. By which it is clear that the Revul&s;ion which is made from the remote&s;t parts is not good in the Cure of pre&s;ent Di&s;ea&s;es, unle&s;s one would &s;top Symptomatical evacuations;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pr. Marti|an.</HI> comm. in cit. loc. pag. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> for then Revul&s;ion is to be made, acco<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rding to the advice of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 2. 5<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. We mu&s;t revel, if the humours run whither they &s;hould not. &para; The &s;e|veral kinds of Revu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ion profit and gratifie diver&s;ly: For <HI>to Revel to the Origin</HI> is u&s;ual in tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es which ri&s;e from &s;ome peculiar Member: <HI>Traction to di&s;tant parts</HI> is good for tho&s;e which are fed by the whole Body: But <HI>Tractions to contrary Parts</HI> are profi|table for both; Namely, to a part that is Contrary to that <HI>from</HI> which, and <HI>to</HI> which the matter flows:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercat</HI> de ind. med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI> where it is di&s;cour&s;ed more at large of revul&s;ive and deri|vative Bleeding.</NOTE> And moreover it has this u&s;e peculiar to it &s;elf, that it is mo&s;t beneficial for prevention, Nature, as I &s;aid, being called off to that part which is contrary to that to which &s;he inclined. Nor matters it that the &s;ame Veins are to be opened both in prevention and Cure; &s;eeing this Revul&s;ion is owing to the motion and cu&s;tom of the humours, rather than to the Di&s;ea&s;e and Humour.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Some make the Kidneys the Centre of the Body, as to its length; but this is better referred to the Heart.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus <HI>p.</HI> 81.</NOTE> It is better to Bleed on the &s;ame &s;ide with the part affected; the Rea&s;on is in the Arteries, not in the Veins.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. If the <HI>Blood</HI> be ob&s;erved not to <HI>Circu|late</HI> as it &s;hould do, by the <HI>Pul&s;e's not being full enough,</HI> but little, and from <HI>anhelous Re&s;piration,</HI> I think bleeding altogether nece&s;&s;ary: And the&s;e two indi|cations that are taken from the Pul&s;e and Re&s;pira|tion, I would recommend to the diligent ob&s;ervation of every one, &s;eeing they are of great Con&s;iderati|on in many Di&s;ea&s;es as to Bleeding. I &s;ay, a little and an oppre&s;&s;ed Pul&s;e, yet &s;oft, as al&s;o a laborious and anhelous re&s;piration, are the chief &s;igns and indica|tions of the Blood's &s;tagnating about the Ventricles of the Heart, and threatning danger of &s;uffocation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de lo Boe <HI>prax. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 22. &sect;. 73.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s Precept (<HI>Aph.</HI> 22.1.) of purging in a turgency of matter, is not ob&s;erved in ordinary practice; but when there appears an Or|ga&s;m of the humours, we rather fly to bleeding as more &s;afe, and &s;o we the more ea&s;ily prevent the moved humours from ru&s;hing into &s;ome Noble part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. <HI>pract. l.</HI> 17. <HI>c.</HI> 1.</NOTE> which if they were more exagitated by a Purge might be the more readily precipitated into it. &para; We may gather from <HI>Galen,</HI> that bleeding may be al|lowed in a turgency of the humours. Which that it may be under&s;tood, I premi&s;e the&s;e things: 1. That the turgent humours are not always Cholerick, but &s;ometimes Sanguineous, Blood here being taken for a fervent humour, re&s;embling Choler. And &s;uch Bloud is Turgent, becau&s;e it is moved very quickly and ea&s;ily; &s;o that I believe acute Di&s;ea&s;es ari&s;e from it, as they do al&s;o from pure Choler: Whence ma|ny dangers threaten, becau&s;e it may very ea&s;ily run into the Principal Parts. 2. I premi&s;e that in a <HI>Tur|gency</HI> of the humours there may al&s;o concur &s;ome|times other Rea&s;ons for Bleeding, as &s;ome fault in the Sanguineous matter, the greatne&s;s of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, the Strength of the faculties and a Youthful Age. 3. But if purging be compared with Blee|ding in a Turgency of the humours; the former doubtle&s;s is more to the purpo&s;e and more profita|ble, but the latter is &s;afer. And becau&s;e according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (1. <HI>Epid.</HI>) a Phy&s;ician ought to en|deavour &s;o to profit as that he may do no harm withal, therefore Bleeding may be &s;ometimes u&s;ed
<PB N="810" REF="369"> in the room of Purging. If you object, That Purging draws only bad humours; but Bleeding all; &s;o that one cannot be &s;ub&s;tituted for the other: I An&s;wer 1. that Turgent humours that are different from the nature of Blood, are al&s;o eva|cuated by Bleeding, as being in motion. 2. That Bleeding is not always &s;ub&s;tituted, but only &s;ometimes. If you object again, That where Bilious humours are turgent and &s;uch as differ from Blood, the Blood it &s;elf does not offend, and therefore it is not proper to &s;ub&s;titute Bleeding: I An&s;wer, That in &s;uch a turgency of humours Bleeding is not to be &s;ub|&s;tituted indi&s;criminately, but only where there is a mo&s;t vehement Fever, which rather requires a friendly Vene&s;ection, than offen&s;ive Purgers, which are hot and apt to induce a Fever. Now that a violent Fever requires rather Bleeding than Purging is not doubted. Whence I draw the&s;e conclu&s;ions: 1. If the humours be mixed with the Blood, without doubt Bleeding is pro|per, as appears by the faultine&s;s of the Blood that is let forth. 2. If the turgent humours be dif|ferent from the nature of Blood, but there be pre&s;ent an high Fever, &s;trength of the faculties, a youthful Age, I approve of Bleeding; and &s;o much the rather, becau&s;e in &s;uch ca&s;e there is always &s;ome fault in the Blood al&s;o. 3. If humours dif|fering from Blood be turgent, and prohibiters of purgation be wanting, as al&s;o indications for Bleed|ing, then by no means mu&s;t we breathe a Vein, but only in&s;i&s;t upon Purging, as that which will afford no &s;mall relief, and do much more good than harm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin. <HI>Re&s;pon.</HI> 2.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Though Revul&s;ion be commonly u&s;ed in the very Paroxy&s;m, yet it is al&s;o profitable after it, that the morbifick reliques may be quite taken away, &s;o that a new fit may not come. Thus in a &s;uffocation of the Womb proceeding from the retention of Blood, as al&s;o in other di&s;|ea&s;es, fit help is given by Bleeding, as well in the Paroxy&s;m when nece&s;&s;ity urgeth, and there is danger of extingui&s;hing the natural heat through the abundance of Blood, as out of it, as whereby the &s;uperfluous Blood that is preternaturally re|tained is evacuated, tran&s;lated from the Womb another way,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;t. <HI>probl. dec.</HI> 9. <HI>q.</HI> 3.</NOTE> and the imminent &s;uffocation of the Spirits and heat removed.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. When <HI>critical evacuations</HI> appear, viz. <HI>Exanthemata</HI> or Spots, <HI>Parotides, Bubo's,</HI> &amp;c. whe|ther may we Bleed? We mu&s;t fir&s;t &s;hew what <HI>Exanthemata</HI> and Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es are, and from whence they ari&s;e. <HI>Exanthemata</HI> are little Prominences in the skin, or red, pale, purple, or blacki&s;h &s;pots, &s;ometimes all over the skin, &s;ometimes &s;cattered here and there, one while thicker, and another thinner, &s;ometimes broader, &s;ometimes more uni|ted, and &s;ometimes not rai&s;ed at all above the &s;urface of the skin. That is called an <HI>Ab&s;ce&s;s,</HI> which from a defluxion of matter tran&s;mitted in|to any part of the Body, either inheres in it, or rai&s;es a tumour, as the <HI>Parotides</HI> under the Ears, and <HI>Bubo's</HI> in the Arm-pits and Groins, or Car|buncles, and other &s;uch like, under which name Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es and <HI>Exanthemata</HI> are comprehended: For there are al&s;o critical evacuations by Stool, Vomit, Bladder, Womb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but the&s;e u&s;e to be called Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es by emi&s;&s;ion, and the former by depo&s;ition, from which we will take no indi|cation of either letting or not letting Blood, but from the Di&s;ea&s;es and Symptoms that follow them. The matter of <HI>Exanthemata,</HI> and Bubo's, Carbuncles, and the like Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, is Blood, that is unprofitable to the Body either through its quantity, or faultine&s;s, or on both accounts, which Nature by way of Cri&s;is endeavours to thru&s;t out of the Body at &s;ome certain time, which thing &s;he &s;ometimes performs without any help, but &s;ometimes being oppre&s;&s;ed &s;he is overcome, needing the help of art. Therefore Vene&s;ection will be unprofitable while <HI>Exanthemata</HI> and other the &s;aid Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es are breaking forth, or a little after, whil&s;t the Fever, and other bad accidents (if there be any) &s;eem to be remedied or evident|ly to be mitigated; for that &s;ignifies that the &s;trength of Nature is above the morbifick cau&s;e: Wherefore the Arti&s;t ought in &s;uch ca&s;e to &s;ee that he do not imprudently weaken or di&s;turb the endeavours of Nature that are well begun. But if the &s;aid endeavours be either wholly un|profitable, or le&s;s effectual, then it is a &s;ign that Nature is oppre&s;&s;ed by her burthen and overcome by the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e; and unle&s;s &s;he be help|ed, &s;he often lies vanqui&s;ht in &s;o dangerous a com|bat. Therefore as &s;he was not to be interrupted while &s;he &s;hew'd her &s;elf a Conqueror; &s;o nei|ther is &s;he to be left de&s;titute of help, when &s;he yields the Phy&s;ician any &s;ignification of her weak|ne&s;s and oppre&s;&s;ion: Which is the opinion of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 20. <HI>What di&s;ea&s;es are judged, and are judged intirely,</HI> &amp;c. Al&s;o 2. <HI>aph.</HI> 12. <HI>Tho&s;e which are left,</HI> &amp;c. If any &s;ay, It often hap|pens that imperfect cri&s;es are prolonged for &s;eve|ral days, &s;o that it &s;eems nothing is to be moved either on the day the <HI>Exanthemata</HI> break forth, nor al&s;o on the day following? I An&s;wer, That no certain &s;tated and univer&s;al rule can be given in the&s;e ca&s;es; but it is the part of a prudent Phy|&s;ician to di&s;cern when Nature is to be helped on the fir&s;t day, or on the &s;econd, or later; or when &s;he is to be left without help; &s;eeing &s;he wants no help, if buckling to the work on the day of the cri&s;is &s;he either remedy or greatly le&s;&s;en the di&s;ea&s;e; but otherwi&s;e if &s;he do not. Add that Bleeding may al&s;o be profitable, when by the eruption of the&s;e the maladies are &s;omewhat mi|tigated. So that I do not put off Bleeding (though otherwi&s;e Blood were let before their eruption) if I &s;ee the Fever to decline but &s;lowly: For even the&s;e are &s;ooner cured thus, as the other (if they do recover) both &s;ooner and more &s;afely. Let us therefore &s;ay with <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> that Judicatories (or Cri&s;es) which do not termi|nate the di&s;ea&s;e, are &s;igns of a predominant and perver&s;e humour that &s;timulates Nature to an overforward excretion. Therefore Nature &s;hews that &s;he de&s;ires help, and that by Bleeding rather than Purging. For the rea&s;on is at hand, and that a very &s;trong one, &s;eeing in the ca&s;es pro|po&s;ed the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e is in the Veins, not in the Inte&s;tins. Add hereto, that Purging, be|&s;ides that it di&s;turbs all the Body, recalls both the <HI>impetus</HI> and motion of the humours to the principal or internal parts. Hence <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays, 4 <HI>Acut. Sy&s;trophae</HI> (a &s;ort of Ab&s;ce&s;s) <HI>cannot be di&s;&s;olved by Purging; for in the&s;e Vene&s;ection is to be preferred,</HI> &amp;c. Wherefore Purging is only al|lowable by art either in the beginning of a Fever, or when the humours being concocted are pre|pared for excretion: But Blood (if the Nature of the di&s;ea&s;e require it, and the faculties gain&s;ay not) may be let at any time. Nor is this conceit of ours of evacuating the Body in the <HI>Parotides,</HI> or in <HI>Exanthemata</HI> that relieve not the Patient, new, or not confirmed by <HI>Galen</HI> in his explication of the&s;e words of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>aph.</HI> 9. <HI>Broad</HI> Exan|themata <HI>itch not very much.</HI> You will object a|gain, that by Vene&s;ection, that is called inwards which Nature had begun to expell outwards, <HI>viz.</HI> from the circumference to the centre? I An&s;wer, That that only happens in &s;uperfluous effu&s;ions of Blood, and not in &s;uch as are made artificially. And by this rea&s;on which is brought, Vene&s;ection is not &s;o &s;trongly di&s;proved in this place as purging, which they are not again&s;t, but &s;ometimes inopportunely propo&s;e it. But &s;up|po&s;e &s;omething be pulled back, which yet there is not, the profit in the mean time that follows
<PB N="811" REF="369"> upon a convenient evacuation of the burthening Matter, is greater than the injury that could hap|pen from a little corrupt matter received into the <HI>Vena cava.</HI> But let us confirm the matter by ex|amples: A putrid and notable <HI>Synochus</HI> (or con|tinual Fever) invaded a &s;trong young man; on the third day he had a Loo&s;ne&s;s like a <HI>Diarrhoca;</HI> the next day the Fever and Loo&s;ne&s;s continuing in the &s;ame vigour, red <HI>Exanthemata</HI> very thick and &s;omewhat rai&s;ed above the skin appear all over the skin: the following day, which was the fifth from the inva&s;ion of the Fever, &s;eeing all the mi&s;chiefs to continue vigorous, I advi&s;ed to take eighteen ounces of Blood from him; where|upon they all began &s;o to decline, that two days after there remained no foot-&s;tep of them. From another Youth that was &s;ick of the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;e, but without a Loo&s;ene&s;s, I ordered a pound of Blood to be taken: When I order'd it, it was the fourth day of his &s;ickne&s;s, but the &s;econd after the eruption of the <HI>Exanthemata;</HI> and on the fifth day from the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e he returned again to his u&s;ual occupation.</P>
<P>&para; But in curing <HI>Exanthemata</HI> that ari&s;e with|out a Fever, or which precede it, &s;uch as were ob&s;erved in many in the Summer of the Year 1575, both in Women and Youths, and grown Men, namely very thick Prominences all the Bo|dy over, that were broad, hard, reddi&s;h or pale, &s;uch as tho&s;e cau&s;ed by the &s;tinging of Nettles, &s;ometimes with itching, &s;ometimes without, &s;ee|ing there is no Phy&s;ician almo&s;t but pre&s;ently flies to the propo&s;ed remedy: there is therefore nothing remaining to &s;peak of the&s;e, &s;ave that it is an errour to Purge before Bleeding, &s;eeing the &s;aid di&s;ea&s;e for the mo&s;t part happens from the efferve&s;cence and redundance of the Blood; and in ca&s;e of co&s;tivene&s;s, Cly&s;ters are to be u&s;ed.</P>
<P>What I have &s;aid of <HI>Exanthemata</HI> breaking forth with a defective Cri&s;is, take the &s;ame things as &s;poken of <HI>Parotides, Bubo's</HI> and other <HI>Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es</HI> of the like &s;ort breaking out before the due time; namely, that it is be&s;t to let Blood in &s;uch ca&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Leon Bo|tallus</HI> lib. de curat. per &s;. m. cap. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> When the Fever neither grows le&s;s nor in|crea&s;es upon their breaking forth, for this I have found to be very profitable in many, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="30">XXX. Phlebotomy u&s;es often to amend the mixture and temperature of the Blood, but in a manifold or &s;everal re&s;pect. For 1. If any He|terogeneous thing be confounded with its Ma&s;s, namely, which can neither be rightly &s;ubdued, nor ea&s;ily &s;eparated and thrown off, the Blood that flows out upon opening a Vein does often carry forth &s;o much of that Matter with it, that the remainder may either be conquered or expelled. 2. The Blood departing from its temperature, is often re&s;tored by Vene&s;ection: for when its Ma&s;s hath degenerated from a fixt Sulphur or Salt, or from both of them exalted together, into an Acrimo|nious, Salt or Salino-Sulphureous, by letting forth a portion of the Blood there pre&s;ently ari&s;es a new fer|mentation of it, and often there is cau&s;ed &s;uch a change of all the particles thereof, that thereupon the Spirits do a little emerge with the Volatil Salt and recover their dominion, the fixed Sul|phur and Salt being &s;ubjugated (as they ought to be.) For this rea&s;on it is, that Bleeding often brings great help not only in Fevers, but more|over in the Scurvy, Jaundi&s;e, yea in the beginning of a Phthi&s;is or Con&s;umption: for the Blood, after the Ve&s;&s;els are emptied, like the Stomach unloaded, does better concoct or a&s;&s;imilate all the humours received into it, and what is Hetero|geneous it the ea&s;ilier &s;eparates and di&s;chargeth. But if the Cra&s;is or mixture of the Blood begin to be much loo&s;ed and &s;poiled, as in the Plague and Malignant Fevers, ab&s;tain wholly from Ve|ne&s;ection, becau&s;e by letting of Blood, the &s;tore of Spirits is dimini&s;hed (which alone can free the Ma&s;s of Blood from putrefaction and corruption) and &s;o all things tend pre&s;ently to a de&s;tructive di&s;&s;olution. Moreover if the Dy&s;cra&s;ie of the Blood be &s;uch, that the more noble principles, to wit, the Spirit, volatil Salt and Sulphur being depre&s;&s;ed or wa&s;ted, the watry and earthy par|ticles are predominant, the Blood ought by no means to be let out, but to be pre&s;erved as the trea&s;ure of life: Becau&s;e when the Spirits are but few, every lo&s;s of them cau&s;es all the faculties to &s;tagger, and &s;trengthens the di&s;ea&s;e, as in a Drop&s;ie, Cachexy, Con&s;umption; and in other di&s;ea&s;es, where the active principles are greatly depre&s;t, to open a Vein is almo&s;t the &s;ame thing as to cut a mans Throat. In the afore&s;aid ca&s;es, where the Cra&s;is of the Blood is re&s;pected, it will be ea&s;ie to determine whether Bleeding be convenient or no; but in &s;ome others, as e&s;pecially in <HI>a continual putrid Fever,</HI> when life and death turn upon this hinge, there needs the greate&s;t deliberation. We mu&s;t con&s;ider <HI>the &s;tate of the Blood, the tendency of the morbifick Matter,</HI> and <HI>the &s;trength of Nature.</HI> 1. If in a putrid Fever the Blood ae&s;tuating very much, &s;hall rai&s;e a great heat with thir&s;t, watching, and drought in the Throat, and there appear no erup|tion of plentiful Sweat, or of <HI>Exanthemata,</HI> nor is &s;hortly expected, Vene&s;ection is &s;o plainly in|dicated that it is not lawful to omit it: But on the contrary if in a langui&s;hing Body there ari&s;e a Fever that is &s;low and remi&s;s, yet continual, with a weak pul&s;e, ab&s;tain from Bleeding, and get the Fever off by Sweating, Urine and Bli&s;tering. In a middle &s;tate of the Blood and of the Fever, Bleeding is indifferent of it &s;elf, and it is to be determined by other re&s;pects. Therefore 2. We mu&s;t con&s;ider the <HI>tendency of the morbifick Matter,</HI> or its <HI>impetus,</HI> which if it be &s;luggi&s;h in the mor|bifick Matter and unfit for Secretion, and &s;o (as it often u&s;es) making a tran&s;lation into the Head, in&s;tead of a Cri&s;is, threaten the Brain and Nerves, Bleeding is &s;ea&s;onably made u&s;e of for preventing the&s;e mi&s;chiefs. But if this matter being &s;udden|ly excited into a violent motion, and either ru&s;h|ing inwards into the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> of the lower belly, cau&s;e cruel Vomiting or dy&s;enterical di&s;tempers, or el&s;e being driven outwards &s;eem about to pro|duce the &s;mall Pox, Mea&s;les or other breakings forth, every &s;uch <HI>Impetus</HI> of Nature, if good, ought not to be di&s;turbed, if bad, not aggravated by Bleeding: For in the&s;e ca&s;es to let Blood is not only dangerous, but oftentimes ignominious. 3. As to Bleeding in a doubtful ca&s;e, we mu&s;t more|over have regard to the &s;trength of the Patient: For in a &s;ound con&s;titution, Youthful age, the beginning of a di&s;ea&s;e, and when the faculties both vital and animal are as yet in a brisk and indifferent condition, Bleeding ought to be con|fidently pre&s;cribed,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Willis</HI> po&s;th. o|per. &s;ect. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> unle&s;s &s;omething contra-indi|cate: But when it &s;hall be otherwi&s;e as to the&s;e conditions, proceed not ra&s;hly to this evacuation.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. <HI>Avicen</HI> denieth that Blood is to be let in the beginning of di&s;ea&s;es, becau&s;e thereby the noxious humours are then extenuated, and im|pelled through all the Body, and are &s;o mixed with the pure Blood, that nothing of the offending humour is brought forth with the whole&s;om juice. <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>fen.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 20. Likewi&s;e, <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>tr.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 7. in the cure of the Foot-gout and <HI>Sciatica</HI> he would not have us to let Blood in the beginning, <HI>Becau&s;e Phlebotomy,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>&s;tirs up the humours, and makes them run into the Body, and does not extract that which is nece&s;&s;ary to be extracted.</HI> So <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>tr.</HI> 2. <HI>cap.</HI> 42. in the cure of a burning Fever he di&s;&s;uades the &s;ame on the &s;ame account: yea even in a Sanguineous Fever he would have us to Bleed moderately in the beginning, but plentifully after maturation or concoction. He is refuted by <HI>Fer|nelius, l.</HI> 2. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 13. 1. Becau&s;e the greatne&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, which &s;prang from the exuberance
<PB N="812" REF="370"> of the Blood alone, requires Bleeding pre&s;ently at the beginning. 2. Add hereto that the &s;trength is intire in the beginning, which, an indication of the di&s;ea&s;e being given, per&s;uades to Bleed pre|&s;ently in the beginning. 3. Becau&s;e it is mani|fe&s;t al&s;o by experience, &s;eeing a <HI>Febris &s;ynocha</HI> is cured pre&s;ently in the beginning by a large Bleed|ing. 4. Yea &s;eeing concoction is rather owing to a Cucochymy, it will follow that the indica|tion for Breeding does tarry for no concoction of the contained Matter that is to be taken away by Vene&s;ection: Wherefore, after a perfect con|coction of the humours, there will rather be place for Purging than Bleeding, which <HI>Fernelius</HI> demon|&s;trates at large. To <HI>Avicen's</HI> rea&s;ons it is thus An|&s;wer'd. To the <HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> By denying that Bleeding does extenuate the humours, becau&s;e there re|mains the &s;ame proportion of them in the Veins before and after Bleeding. To the <HI>Second,</HI> By denying that Vene&s;ection &s;tirs up the humours, &s;eeing it u&s;es not &s;o much to exagitate, as to &s;top the orga&s;m of the humours. For a conclu&s;ion let it be noted, that as we judge <HI>Fernelius</HI>'s a&s;&s;ertion to be very con&s;entaneous to truth; &s;o we deter|mine that <HI>Avicen</HI>'s opinion is not to be taken ab|&s;olutely, but <HI>&s;ecundum quid,</HI> as he di&s;tingui&s;hes betwixt a di&s;ea&s;e <HI>in fieri</HI> and <HI>in facto,</HI> with re|&s;pect to particular di&s;ea&s;es: And he denies that when the di&s;ea&s;e is <HI>in facto,</HI> or already formed, Bleeding is convenient in the beginning, becau&s;e the matter that cau&s;es the Gout is no longer in the Veins. And the rea&s;on why concocted mat|ter permits Bleeding, is becau&s;e Nature being now more at liberty, and no longer bu&s;ied in correct|ing any particular malady, has her faculties &s;trong, and willingly admits of Bleeding for the preven|tion of a new Fluxion. Thus Vene&s;ection is forbidden in the beginning of a Burning-Fever, in regard the Fever indicates &s;omething el&s;e: And thus he commends moderate Bleeding in the beginning of a Sanguineous Fever: Perhaps that the faculty that langui&s;hes through the oppre&s;&s;ion, may be lei&s;urely comforted, and &s;o afterwards may better &s;u&s;tain a plentiful Bleeding,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hor&s;t.</HI> in|&s;tit. med. di&s;put. <HI>18.</HI> qu. <HI>8.</HI> See <HI>Zacur.</HI> pran. hi&s;t. or. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>15.</HI> Clau|din Re&s;|pon&s;. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> when there &s;hall be a <HI>maturation of the Fever,</HI> that is, when there &s;hall be a freer ventilation of the Febrile heat.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A redundance of Blood is chiefly ta|ken away by Bleeding: But it is que&s;tioned whe|ther its abundance may not be taken away al&s;o by other means? <HI>Walaeus</HI> &s;ays, <HI>That we may wa&s;te it by fa&s;ting. For &s;eeing our Natural heat is never idle, but always requires &s;omething to act upon; thence it comes to pa&s;s that in defect of aliment it &s;ets upon the Blood it &s;elf and wa&s;tes it: Wherefore fa&s;ting may be &s;afely u&s;ed to con&s;ume a Plethora.</HI> And <HI>Era&s;i&s;tra|tus</HI> &s;eems to have been of that opinion, if we may believe <HI>Galen.</HI> But we &s;ay 1. That a <HI>Plethora</HI> is le&s;&s;ened indeed by Fa&s;ting, but by degrees, not of a &s;udden, as many acute di&s;ea&s;es require. 2. By fa&s;ting we u&s;e a certain violence to Nature; for fa&s;ting is fruitful of divers Symptoms and di&s;ea&s;es, and is able to kill in the &s;pace of a few days: Whil&s;t in it the vigour of a well di&s;po&s;ed di|ge&s;tive ferment having no object to act upon, doth wa&s;te and con&s;ume the proper aliment of the Stomach, whereby not only in a &s;ound body the good and profitable humours are wa&s;ted, the body dried and con&s;umed; but al&s;o in a Cacochymical and impure Body the corrupt humours are moved and agitated withal, and Nature &s;werving &s;ends part of them, for want of good aliment, to the Stomach, which is not a little di&s;turbed thereby, and by con&s;ent therewith the Brain and Heart are afflicted,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frider. Hofm. <HI>m. m. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 13.</NOTE> &s;o that one Symptom comes to be heaped upon another.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. In judging of di&s;ea&s;es much is at|tributed to the pul&s;e; which being weak and &s;mall, for the mo&s;t part death is threatned; but if on the contrary big and full, there is hopes of reco|very. Yet I have &s;een one that was corpulent and a great drinker, who&s;e pul&s;e, while he lay langui&s;hing in bed, was &s;o little and &s;mall, that being hardly to be perceived by the Phy&s;ician one would have been apt to think death at hand, un|le&s;s his rubicund Face, his Eyes, Teeth and full Veins had gain&s;aid: Wherefore inquiring more diligently into the cau&s;e of &s;o great a malady, I believed it to be cau&s;ed by too great &s;aturity and abundance of Blood, and that no fitter remedy could be u&s;ed than a &s;peedy Bleeding. But his relations and friends were again&s;t it, for fear &s;uch a remedy might make the Man die the &s;ooner: But at my in&s;tance, and a&s;&s;urance that he would certainly recover if it &s;hould be done, at length they con&s;ented. Wherefore pre&s;ently calling a Surgeon he was let Blood, and forthwith both his pul&s;e and &s;trength returned, &s;o that his reco|very was quicker than his death,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Beneven. <HI>abditae.</HI> 69.</NOTE> which &s;eemed to be at the door, was believed to have en&s;ued.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. Whether is Blood to be let &s;ome|times when the Spirits langui&s;h? I think the difficulty is to be determin'd by a di&s;tinction. For the humours either abound, or are moderate: The latter ca&s;e does by no means admit or Bleed|ing; But when the humours abound, though they may neither di&s;tend the Ve&s;&s;els nor bur&s;t them, nor overwhelm the natural heat; yet becau&s;e they oppre&s;s the feeble &s;trength, &s;o much of them may be dimini&s;hed by Bleeding, as that Nature may ea&s;ily govern the remainder, &s;o that no humour may putrefie or be corrupted.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rcat.</HI> l. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. de prae|&s;id. c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> But though Authors determine thus, yet it is &s;afe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> to extract that which exceeds (unle&s;s the di&s;ea&s;e be very violent) by ab&s;tinence and a &s;pare diet. &para; We mu&s;t pre&s;ently ab&s;tain from Bleeding be|cau&s;e the faculties &s;eem in &s;ome &s;ort weak: For the faculties may do &s;o two manner of ways; one, while they &s;uffer nothing as yet in their proper e&s;&s;ence; another, when their e&s;&s;ence &s;uffers, which it does by oppre&s;&s;ion or di&s;&s;olution, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The faculties are &s;aid to be &s;trong, or weak, ab|&s;olutely, or <HI>&s;ecundum quid,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Horat. Au|gen.</HI> l. <HI>4.</HI> de curat. per &s;. m. cap. <HI>2.</HI> &amp; lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>14.</HI></NOTE> accordingly as both the carnous and &s;pirituous &s;ub&s;tance, wherein they inhere, is duly con&s;tituted, or &s;omething is de|ficient.</P>
<P>The&s;e things being premi&s;ed, we may conclude that weakne&s;s of the faculties or &s;trength hinders not Vene&s;ection, as they are weak <HI>&s;ecundum quid,</HI> as is proved in a con&s;titution that is very lean, yet with no &s;mall abundance of Blood, wherein the &s;trength langui&s;heth in re&s;pect of the carnous &s;ub&s;tance: An in&s;tance whereof we have in <HI>Galen</HI> of a Woman that was cured, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3.29. So likewi&s;e the oppre&s;&s;ed faculties, when they &s;uf|fer nothing in their own Nature, are very much helped by Bleeding: On which account <HI>Hippocr.</HI> 4. <HI>de vict. acut.</HI> and <HI>Galen ibid.</HI> think that if an healthful per&s;on lo&s;e his &s;peech all of a &s;udden from the intercepting and &s;hutting up of the Veins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t. <HI>qu.</HI> 6.</NOTE> he ought to be let Blood forthwith.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. Whether is Bleeding profitable in a Flux of the Belly? <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;ays 4. <HI>Acut. n.</HI> 116. <HI>If you would Bleed any one with profit, his Belly mu&s;t fir&s;t be &s;trengthened.</HI> In which place <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, <HI>You &s;hall not take away Blood in a flux of the Belly: For if the flux continue after the Bleeding, it dejects the &s;trength.</HI> And this opinion he confirms <HI>Art. Curat. ad</HI> Glauc. 14. <HI>If a Fever happen with a Loo&s;e|ne&s;s, there is no need of other evacuation, but that is &s;ufficient of it &s;elf, though it be not in re&s;pect to the</HI> Plethora: <HI>And who&s;oever &s;hall venture either to Bleed or Purge &s;uch, as if they needed greater evacuation, pre|cipitate their Patients into more grievous mi&s;chiefs.</HI> But who will deny that the Guts are of the &s;ame nature with the Stomach to which they are con|tinued? And if this, as <HI>Galen</HI> teacheth 7. <HI>m. m.</HI> be &s;ubject to all &s;orts of <HI>intemperies,</HI> what incongrui|ty is it that the Guts &s;hould be &s;ubject to the
<PB N="813" REF="370"> &s;ame? Every part of the Body is afflicted &s;ome|times with an hot, &s;ometimes a cold, moi&s;t or dry <HI>Intemperies,</HI> or one compounded manifoldly of the&s;e, and &s;hall the Guts remain untouched and unviolated by them? If &s;o, it follows that the Symptoms of every di&s;ea&s;e attend upon their di&s;ea&s;e: But among&s;t the Symptoms of all di&s;ea&s;es the commone&s;t is the fault of the function or faculty. Now there is a manifold function of the Inte&s;tins, as of other parts, to wit, of attracting, retaining, concocting, expelling; all which are ne|ce&s;&s;arily hurt by what <HI>intemperies</HI> &s;oever the Guts are afflicted with, and that more or le&s;s according to the di&s;temper they are affected with, &s;ometimes one function more and another le&s;s; and therefore if it happen that the retentive faculty is injured by an hot intemperature (which happens oftener than by a cold) what hinders why we &s;hould not remedy this affection by Bleeding, as we would do the &s;ame from a like cau&s;e in any other part of the Body? Do the Guts want Ve&s;&s;els by which they &s;hould be &s;ubjected to a defluxion of humours? Do they not al&s;o &s;uffer inflammations and Gangrenes from an afflux of humours? Are they not &s;ometimes full of hot and vellicating Ul|cers? Are they not afflicted with bitter pains when they are exerci&s;ed with a Dy&s;entery? As to <HI>Galen's</HI> argument, it ought not to be put in the con|trover&s;ie, that by the continuance of the Flux the &s;trength wa&s;ts, and that by &s;o much the more if Blood were let forth &s;uperfluou&s;ly, or Purging were u&s;ed; but is the decay of &s;trength owing only to Bleeding or Purging in ca&s;e of a Loo&s;ne&s;s? Is not the &s;ame thing cau&s;ed by a Fever? Or does not any notable pain the &s;ame? You will &s;ay, not &s;o ea&s;ily; &s;eeing the &s;trength is not &s;o quickly ex|hau&s;ted by the&s;e wherein there is ob&s;erved no no|table evacuation, as by a flux of the Belly. But what can you &s;ay in fluxes of Blood out of the No&s;e, Womb, Hemorrhoids, Lungs, Stomach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In the cure whereof Blood is advi&s;ed to be let by skilful and vulgar Phy&s;icians? You will reply, that only revul&s;ive Bleeding is granted in tho&s;e ca&s;es, and only a little quantity is taken, to the end namely, that a pa&s;&s;age being made in an oppo&s;ite part for the Blood that is in motion, it may cea&s;e to flow thither whither it was a go|ing. For the very &s;ame rea&s;on I al&s;o &s;ay, that Blood is to be let out of the Arm in a flux of the Belly rai&s;ed from an hot intemperature which has always an efflux of humour attending it, that an exit being provided for it in another part, and part of it drawn forth, the remainder may cea&s;e to run and burthen the part which it had begun to po&s;&s;e&s;s: And &s;o the humour being part|ly le&s;&s;ened, and partly called back to another part, the <HI>intemperies</HI> that was the cau&s;e of the flux mu&s;t in all likelihood become le&s;s: And this being le&s;|&s;ened, it is nece&s;&s;ary that that &s;hould al&s;o decline with it which was affected by the &s;ame cau&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> the &s;uperfluous dejection of the Belly.</P>
<P>Let us confirm our a&s;&s;ertion by Examples. A bilious Bloody dy&s;entery (with excoriation) with a Fever and a very great provocation to Stool, had &s;o, for a whole month almo&s;t, afflicted <HI>Polemarchus Brixiacus,</HI> that there was little hope of his life; yet he was &s;o relieved by taking &s;ix ounces of Blood out of the left Arm, that it proved a pre|&s;ent remedy, &s;eeing on that very day all the harms begun to decline evidently, and he was in a &s;hort while re&s;tored to perfect health. 2. In the &s;ame kind of di&s;ea&s;e, with a &s;welling of the Spleen, ten ounces of Blood being taken did wonderfully help, and recover the Wife of <HI>N.</HI> 3. Griping and a Fever grievou&s;ly tormented Mr. <HI>N.</HI> for three days, on the fourth being Bled to ten oun|ces the di&s;tempers &s;o &s;lackned, that the next day they went off quite. 4. <HI>N.</HI> was grievou&s;ly and dangerou&s;ly ill of a Fever and a dy&s;entery with excoriation, by which being almo&s;t killed, when another Phy&s;ician had Purged him &s;everal times with Rhubarb, on the twentieth day I let him Blood to ten ounces with manife&s;t relief: two days after I Purged him with Senna and Sy|rup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive, which Medicin took away the remainder of the malady. 5. Mr. <HI>N's.</HI> Cook was fir&s;t taken with a very &s;ore Fever, and the next day with a notable Dy&s;entery: I pre&s;ently order'd him to be Bled in the right Arm to about fifteen ounces, after which he was more at ea&s;e, and the day following both di&s;tempers went off. 6. Bleeding proved al&s;o a wonderful help to Mr. <HI>N.</HI> who was brought to extream leanne&s;s by a long and &s;trong Fever with <HI>a flux of his Belly that was &s;ometimes Lienterical, &s;ometimes Dy&s;enterical, &s;ometimes of another &s;ort, and &s;ometimes mixt:</HI> He had been frequently Purged with Rhubarb, had taken Diureticks, had u&s;ed A&s;tringent fomenta|tions, Anointings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I propo&s;ed Bleeding: His Phy&s;ician wondring at the novelty of the reme|dy, pre&s;ently alledged his Flux, loathing of meat, weakne&s;s, extream leanne&s;s, a tabid Fever, and the little hopes there was of a recovery: Yet upon my advice a Vein was opened in his right Arm, and about nine ounces of very putrid Blood taken away. After &s;ix days, becau&s;e he was notably bettered by the fir&s;t Bleeding, we opened a Vein in the other Arm, and after ten days more Bled him a third time. Thus after a few days he was quite cured. 7. A Fever and a Loo&s;ne&s;s, as well by their continuance as ve|hemence, had left <HI>N's.</HI> Servant nothing but Skin and Bone in the Siege of <HI>Rochel:</HI> I recovered him by letting him Blood three times, eight ounces at a time, and Purging him with Senna and Sy|rup of Ro&s;es &s;olutive. 8. A very trouble&s;om flux came upon a putrid <HI>Synocha,</HI> &s;ometimes in the form of as <HI>Diarrhoea;</HI> and &s;ometimes of a Dy&s;en|tery: upon the tenth day the Fever not abating, both di&s;tempers were taken away by Bleeding twice on the eleventh day. But &s;eeming to grow wor&s;e again upon repeated Purging, letting that alone I betook my &s;elf to Bleeding only, which I u&s;ed twice again: Upon the fir&s;t Bleeding he was a great deal better, but upon the &s;econd quite well. 9. A con&s;iderable Lientery had afflicted Mr. <HI>N's.</HI> Servant for eight days, from which he was very manife&s;tly relieved by Bleeding of him, and the next day quite cured by a decoction of Senna with a little of the infu&s;ion of Rhubarb. 10. A Man of &s;eventy years of Age being troubled with a <HI>Diarrhoea,</HI> for eight days, and being afraid of Bleeding becau&s;e of his Age, I pre&s;cribed him an infu&s;ion of Rhubarb, which doing him no good, he was at length recovered by Bleeding. Now as I reckon Bleeding the principal cau&s;e of the re|covery of all the&s;e and very many others, that by God's ble&s;&s;ing I have recovered of various and grievous fluxes of the Belly, as well new as old,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Leon. Bo|tal.</HI> lib. de curat. per &s;. m. cap. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> as well with a Fever as without it: So on the contrary I think the death of many ought to be referr'd to the want of the &s;aid remedy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>&para; <HI>Galen</HI> (6. <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>comm.</HI> 29.) cured a Woman that was very much wa&s;ted and had lo&s;t her appetite, and had long labour'd under a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her Terms, by very large and repeated Bleeding. Imitating <HI>Hippocrates</HI> who 5. <HI>Epid. num.</HI> 2. cured a Con&s;umptive per&s;on of an extream leanne&s;s, that could not be helped by any &s;ort of Medicin, by Bleeding him in both Arms even till he was become Bloodle&s;s: The&s;e were followed by <HI>Benevenius (l. de abdit. cap.</HI> 44.) and <HI>Epiphan. Ferdinandus (hi&s;t.</HI> 69.) The former re&s;tored a Wo|man to her former health, that having her Terms &s;uppre&s;t for a year was become nothing but skin and bone, by repeated Bleeding. The latter recovered another from a Catarrh complicated with an Hectick Feyer, al&s;o by the help of Bleeding.
<PB N="814" REF="371"> In the&s;e, &s;eeing the wa&s;ting and leanne&s;s were owing to a vitious Blood, that was black, Me|lancholick, and unfit for nutrition, that Blood was to be taken away, that fre&s;h and &s;uch as would nouri&s;h might &s;upply its place: For the parts do not attract to them naughty Blood, but refu&s;e it; ju&s;t as people that are an hungry refu&s;e meat offered them that is ungrateful to the ta&s;t, even though it be put to their Mouths: The parts likewi&s;e are delighted only with &s;emblable and familiar aliment. <HI>Avicen</HI> indeed 4. 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 20. does greatly forbid Phlebotomy in bodies that are very lean; but he is to be under&s;tood of &s;uch a leanne&s;s as ari&s;es from defect, to wit, from a want of Blood and Spirits: For &s;uch an one is cured by addition, not &s;ub&s;traction. On that account in Hectick and other marcid and tabifick Fevers, Vene&s;ection is to be rejected, becau&s;e &s;uch wa&s;ting and witheredne&s;s &s;uppo&s;es want. Al&s;o a natural leanne&s;s and &s;lenderne&s;s, which is the offspring of an hot and dry intemperature, the chief &s;ign whereof is ab&s;ence of fat, refu&s;es Vene&s;ection, becau&s;e in &s;uch the faculties are not &s;trong: For the predominancy of heat, the loo&s;ne&s;s of the Pores, and the thinne&s;s of the Blood and Spirits make them apt to be enfeebled and grow faint upon Bleeding. Of the&s;e <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaks, 9. <HI>meth.</HI> 15. Tho&s;e that are naturally lean, and of an hot and dry temperature, are greatly offended by evacuations.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. Bleeding is prohibited by urgent Symptoms, as Pain, want of Sleep, and immode|rate excretion; for the&s;e deject the &s;trength. Likewi&s;e every immoderate Symptomatical evacu|ation, that dejects the &s;trength, as al&s;o Critical (by the No&s;e, Womb) or Pleuritical forbid it. Tho&s;e have little skill to do good, who &s;eeing a drop or two of Blood drop from the No&s;e in burning Fe|vers, hoping for a Trophee, cry out, That here is occa&s;ion for Phlebotomy: If the Hemorrhage be large, they do it more boldly, affirming Nature to be burthened. But hereby the Critical Motion of Nature is hindred. Others &s;eeing bloody Spittle in a Pleuri&s;ie, urge bleeding; but the &s;ame is for|bid by the Oracle, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 3. 44. <HI>A Pleuri&s;ie hin|ders bleeding in &s;pitting of Blood,</HI> which is profita|ble in other kinds of &s;pitting of Blood. An He|morrhage of the Womb in a Pleuri&s;ie is e&s;teemed by &s;ome as an indication for bleeding, by others an hindrance. <HI>Cleomenes</HI>'s Wife being &s;ick of a Pleuri&s;ie had her Terms flow plentifully on the fourth Day, by which &s;he was &s;o much relieved, that all her Pain, Cough, and difficulty of Brea|thing cea&s;ed upon it. Others di&s;tingui&s;h: If the time for the flowing of the Terms be at hand, Ve|ne&s;ection is permitted;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinc.</HI> meth. gen. lib. <HI>4.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> if &s;hortly expected, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be urgent, Blood is to be let fir&s;t in the Feet, and then in the Arms.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Pain forbids Bleeding, becau&s;e it wea|kens. Yet if a great Inflammation be joined with the Pain, it is rather commanded, according to <HI>Galen,</HI> 1. <HI>Aph.</HI> 23. Otherwi&s;e it is hurtful, as in a <HI>Cardialgia</HI> or gnawing Pain at the Stomach that dejects the faculties, 1. <HI>ad Glauc. Cap.</HI> 14. &para; In the Pain of the Kidneys,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> and Colick, from Wind, Bleeding is good, not <HI>per &s;e</HI> or pro|perly, but by accident, that the matter in the Veins being le&s;&s;en'd, the Kidneys and Colon may not-be &s;o ea&s;ily inflamed and pre&s;&s;ed with a Phlegmon. Add hereto, that by opening a Vein the flux of other parts is &s;ometimes le&s;&s;ened, through the communion that the&s;e have with the whole Body, and becau&s;e of the thinne&s;s of the Spirits, which may be carried through all the nar|row pa&s;&s;ages. Wherefore <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>Epid.</HI> 5. feared not to flie to bleeding in a pain rai&s;ed from <HI>Flatus;</HI> for, &s;ays he, Vene&s;ection cures Flatuo&s;ities. Yet in this Di&s;ea&s;e, as al&s;o in a great Nephritick pain, I know many Phy&s;icians that have practis'd Phy&s;ick a long time, who having been much again&s;t bleeding their Patients tormen|ted with pain, when their Patients have been bled at their own de&s;ire,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botal. <HI>c.</HI> 9.</NOTE> have plainly &s;een how far they were from the right.</P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. By Vene&s;ection there &s;eems to be a retiring of the Blood from the circumference to the centre, 1. Becau&s;e to avoid a <HI>vacuum</HI> the fluxile humours do nece&s;&s;arily tend towards the Centre to fill up the place of the evacuated Blood. 2. Hence the external parts look pale and cold after Vene&s;ection. 3. Often the Inflammation of &s;ome Internal part is increa&s;ed. 4. <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>de tu. San. Cap.</HI> 10. &amp; 11.) intimates this, where he ad|vi&s;es that the Body &s;hould not be repleni&s;hed pre|&s;ently after Vene&s;ection, le&s;t the Veins &s;natch crude juices to them&s;elves. 5. <HI>Avicen</HI> does there|fore not open a Vein in tho&s;e who are bit by a Ser|pent, before the Poi&s;on be di&s;per&s;ed, le&s;t it tend inwards: On the &s;ame account he forbids bleed|ing after the &s;mall Pox are come out. Thus he determins that the &s;ame does &s;top a loo&s;ene&s;s, be|cau&s;e it fir&s;t draws from the le&s;&s;er Veins to the <HI>Cava,</HI> from which con&s;equently the Blood is let out by Vene&s;ection. On the contrary, nothing is of more con&s;tant Practice, than when the hu|mours, e&s;pecially the Bloody, flow to the internal parts, to make a revul&s;ion to the external by ope|ning a Vein, 1. In a&s;much as the Veins that are emptied draw from tho&s;e which are fuller, and the fuller afford their help, and being loaded with plenty do readily depo&s;ite their burthen into the empty Veins, the fluidne&s;s of the humours not a little a&s;&s;i&s;ting. 2. In an inflammation of the Liver, Lungs, or <HI>Pleura, Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> bid us open a Vein in the Arm, to revel from the internal parts, to the external. 3. And therefore (1. <HI>de vict. acut.</HI>) that in a Pleuri&s;ie Blood is to be let &s;o long till by its colour we can di&s;cover that to come which was flown to the part affected. 4. How &s;hould there often be a &s;trong revul&s;ion, if there were always a fre&s;h afflux from the circumfe|rence? 5. Why does <HI>Galen</HI> (4. <HI>de tu. San. C.</HI> 5.) di&s;&s;uade bleeding to tho&s;e in whom crude and vitious humours po&s;&s;e&s;s the internal parts? For a further clearing of the matter, <HI>Syl|vat. (contr.</HI> 37.) notes, that in letting of Blood it is to be &s;uppo&s;ed that there is in the Veins a plenty of Blood, either convenient, or not. If there be a greater plenty than is agreeable to Nature, when Blood is withdrawn by Vene&s;ection, there en&s;ues not a <HI>vacuum,</HI> but the Veins &s;ub&s;ide, as we &s;ee to happen in a Leathern Bottle or Bladder when part of the Liquor is poured out. Hence it is con|cluded, that in Vene&s;ection the Blood is compelled to retire to the centre, if the Veins that are in that place be deprived of their Natural quantity of Blood, either in whole or in part; but it will return back again to the circumference, either becau&s;e it flows from the Bulk of the Body out of the neighbou|ring Spaces into the Veins; or becau&s;e the Veins that are next to it are emptied, &s;ome part of that which is contained in the Veins &s;ucceeding that which is evacuated. To the Arguments 'tis an|&s;wered; to the <HI>fir&s;t,</HI> The con&s;equent is denied, be|cau&s;e when the Blood is dimini&s;hed, the Veins con|cide of their own accord. To the <HI>&s;econd,</HI> There is not always a palene&s;s, but when there is, it hap|pens through too large evacuation, fear, recour&s;e of the Spirits to the Heart, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To the <HI>third,</HI> An internal Phlegmon is &s;ometimes increa&s;ed, not by rea&s;on of the Blood that is let, but through a new afflux, which would afflict more grievou&s;ly if a revul&s;ion were neglected. To the <HI>fourth,</HI> 'Tis gran|ted, becau&s;e the abounding cacochymy in the fir&s;t ways is fir&s;t to be taken away, that vitious Blood may not be generated afre&s;h. To the <HI>fifth, Avi|cen</HI>'s Rea&s;ons rather prove the contrary: For be|cau&s;e Poi&s;on is inimicous to Nature, therefore at
<PB N="815" REF="371"> fir&s;t we mu&s;t take diligent heed that the Motion of Nature to expel the Poi&s;on be not hindred by Ve|ne&s;ection. But when it is di&s;per&s;ed in the Body, it is le&s;&s;ened by even a plentiful bleeding; Namely, if there be an indicant for Bleeding, that &s;o part of the Vitious Blood being taken away, that which remains may be the &s;ooner di&s;cu&s;&s;ed. Thus al&s;o the expul&s;ion of the &s;mall Pox is not to be hindred by another Motion of the Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hor&s;t.</HI> In&s;t. med. di&s;put. <HI>18.</HI> q. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> which Vene&s;ection may do; as it is likewi&s;e granted in a Flux of the Belly.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Tho&s;e Phy&s;icians err, who following <HI>Galen</HI> open a Vein in any <HI>Flux of the Belly</HI> in an oppo&s;ite or mo&s;t remote part, for revul&s;ion: For I will affirm, that when Bloud flows immoderately and Symptomatically, to bleed further is be&s;ides <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s intention, who for revul&s;ion of the Blood flowing immoderately to the Womb, bids us affix Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to each Brea&s;t, but for|bids taking any Blood away (2. <HI>de mor. mul. ver&s;.</HI> 36.) And if by &s;uch evacuation the &s;ick be ob|&s;erved not to be notably hurt, becau&s;e we take away but a little Blood, yet I think they reap little or no profit thereby. For what good do we think can the letting forth two or three Ounces of Blood do, for revelling the Blood that is ru&s;hing into any part? Which evacuation hardly makes a motion in the Blood. Therefore becau&s;e the &s;trength will not bear &s;o large a Bleeding as might po&s;&s;ibly make a revul&s;ion, and a &s;mall does no good, therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> thought it better to ab&s;tain from Bleeding, and to flie to other reme|dies. You will object, that <HI>lib. de &s;teril. ver&s;.</HI> 422. he bids a Woman to be Bled who doth not con|ceive, when the mouth of her Womb gapes, and by con&s;equence her Terms flow more plentifully? I An&s;wer, That is another ca&s;e, for the Terms flow not &s;o plentifully, as that it can be called a flux; nor is there that weakne&s;s as will not admit a moderate Vene&s;ection; which he commands not for the &s;ake of the men&s;trual flux, but for the cure of Barrenne&s;s. You will object again, that <HI>l. de humor.</HI> and 1. <HI>de morb.</HI> he opens a Vein in them that &s;pit Blood. I An&s;wer, His intention is not to make a Revul&s;ion of the Blood that is flowing, but to take away the Plenitude which may hinder the clo&s;ing of the broken Ve&s;&s;el, and to avert the imminent inflammation of the Ulcer: For he opens a Vein in &s;pitting of Blood no le&s;s when &s;ome Vein being pulled a&s;under pours forth a little and blacki&s;h Blood, than when the Blood flows ha&s;tily and plentifully out of a bur&s;ten Ve&s;&s;el. He plainly &s;hews his meaning by adding, <HI>And let him u&s;e a diet that may make him very dry and Bloodle&s;s<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martian.</HI> comm. in ver&s;ic. <HI>36.</HI> l. <HI>2.</HI> de morb mul.</NOTE> Which words make it apparent that he opens not a Vein for Revul&s;ions &s;ake, to hin|der the cour&s;e of the flowing Blood.</P>
<P N="40">XL. Whether can Bleeding be helpful to the too cold of con&s;titution? <HI>Galen l. de rigor.</HI> &amp;c. &s;ays, <HI>In a di&s;ea&s;e which requires heating, none have dared to Bleed.</HI> And 5. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 6. <HI>But if there be none of the&s;e things, but it be winter, or the climate be na|turally cold, and the per&s;on al&s;o him&s;elf be of a colder con|&s;titution, by Bleeding in &s;uch a ca&s;e the whole Body is both greatly cooled, and there happen &s;ome Symptoms that lead to a dangerous Refrigeration.</HI> If the cold|ne&s;s of the climate or &s;ea&s;on hinder Bleeding, much more does a cold <HI>intemperies;</HI> &s;eeing the Blood does not only afford nouri&s;hment to the Body, but the natural heat al&s;o is &s;u&s;tained and conti|nued by it. Yet 8. <HI>meth.</HI> 4. he bids us Bleed ha&s;tily in an <HI>Ephemera</HI> from ob&s;truction of the skin, which the external cold often cau&s;es. Rea|&s;on per&s;uades the &s;ame, becau&s;e ob&s;truction hin|ders tran&s;piration, from this ari&s;eth a redundance of the multitude of the humours, from which proceed ob&s;truction and putrefaction. But we mu&s;t thus di&s;tingui&s;h the matter: If the di&s;tem|per we would cure be cold, as if, for example, any labour under a cold <HI>intemperies,</HI> he mu&s;t u&s;e hot things only, and ab&s;tain from Bleeding which is a cooling remedy. But if the di&s;ea&s;e be hot, and Refrigeration be only as an antecedent cau&s;e, while we extingui&s;h the Fever by Bleeding we &s;hall do no harm: for the procatarctick cau&s;e has no indication belonging to it. Yet when refrige|ration hurteth even the <HI>Vi&s;cera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. <HI>contr. l.</HI> 7. <HI>c.</HI> 6.</NOTE> Bleeding is mo&s;t of all to be &s;hunn'd. &para; Tho&s;e things which are alledged again&s;t Bleeding, are only to be under|&s;tood of that which is made for evacuations &s;ake; and make us take heed that by letting Blood there follow not a crudity of cold humours; and intimate that the quantity is to be moderated. Add hereto that the Authors of approved medi|cin have often practis'd Vene&s;ection in di&s;ea&s;es meerly cold; as in a Drop&s;ie, from the retention of &s;ome u&s;ual evacuation, <HI>Hippocr.</HI> 4. <HI>acut.</HI> 11. For when the heat is &s;uffocated by Blood that is too cold through its plenty, Bleeding is a pre&s;ent remedy. Likewi&s;e in palpitation, a cold di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>lib. de rigore,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>c.</HI> 5. In a Priapi&s;m, 14. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 7. In a &s;uffo|cation by cold Water, <HI>Dio&s;cor. l.</HI> 6. <HI>c.</HI> 4. <HI>Paul. lib.</HI> 5. <HI>cap.</HI> 66. <HI>Zacut. princ. med. hi&s;t.</HI> 8. <HI>l.</HI> 2. In &s;tubborn di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from a cold cau&s;e, to ab&s;tain altogether or more than is meet from Bleeding, is not the part of a prudent Phy&s;ician; &s;eeing 'tis certain that every part of the Body is nouri&s;hed by that matter which is in the Veins: Which the colder and thicker it is, by &s;o much the more grievous and &s;tubborn does it make the di&s;temper that is rai&s;ed from the like matter:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>L. Botal.</HI> de &s;. m. cap. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> Which matter we &s;ay is to be dimini&s;hed partly by Bleeding, partly by Purging and an attenuating diet; that the Ma&s;s of Blood being clean&s;ed and renewed, the di&s;ea&s;e may be cured.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Others proceed further who in all Fevers let forth the harmle&s;s Blood, excepting neither the &s;potted Fever, nor the Plague, nor Poi&s;on: Thus freeing them&s;elves of much labour and trouble, which otherwi&s;e the many &s;orts of Fevers would create them. But becau&s;e the nature of poi&s;on and malignant humours chiefly con&s;i&s;ts in this, that they forthwith &s;et upon the heart, and quick|ly deject the &s;trength of the mo&s;t robu&s;t; and &s;ee|ing Bleeding does both likewi&s;e, not only dimi|ni&s;h the &s;trength, but al&s;o draw the malignity to the Heart, and impells that back again to the oppre&s;&s;ion of Nature which &s;he had driven forth for her own ea&s;ement; I cannot but pray and admoni&s;h all Arti&s;ts, that they will not proceed to Vene&s;ection either in the Plague, or other ma|lignant Fevers, or al&s;o in all tho&s;e accidents where|by men are Poi&s;on'd inwardly or outwardly, e&s;|pecially if they love and &s;eriou&s;ly aim at tran|quillity of mind, and the health of the Patient that de&s;ires their help. The <HI>French, Italian, Spaniards,</HI> and <HI>Portugueze,</HI> tho&s;e fierce contenders for Vene|&s;ection will reply to me, that Nature by Vene|&s;ection draws Air as it were, and is unloaded in &s;ome manner, that &s;he may &s;o much the more ea&s;ily ca&s;t forth the remaining malignity: And this &s;eems true, for the Blood draws the Air, that its Spirits may the more readily fly away, and it may be ea&s;ed of tho&s;e faculties that it nece&s;&s;arily wants. When the&s;e things are fini&s;hed, the Pa|tient changes life for death, and very well knows how to draw tears from the Eyes of the by-&s;tanders. Giving no other rea&s;ons they do moreover rely upon their experience; but I wi&s;h they relied well upon it, for I have found &s;uch Patients, who in the morning were in no danger, after Bleeding five or &s;ix ounces taken away in the evening by cold and rigid death. Hence therefore we may rightly gather what it is they name Experience, namely, If the Patient by chance e&s;cape, the honour is given to Vene&s;ecti|on; but if he die, as he does commonly, there was malignity in the ca&s;e. Therefore I oppo&s;e
<PB N="816" REF="372"> experience to experience, thanking God greatly that he hath exhibited and demon&s;trated a far cer|tainer and better remedy to all tho&s;e, who right|ly con&s;ider di&s;ea&s;es without envy, pa&s;&s;ion or be|ing in&s;laved to anothers opinion. Others that they might &s;eem more moderate in this matter, admit of Vene&s;ection in the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, before the malignity manife&s;t it &s;elf externally; and herein I will readily a&s;&s;ent to them, if it be done, 1. In hot Countries. 2. In a full Body. 3. When the humours a&s;cending to the head cau&s;e grievous accidents there. In &s;uch a ca&s;e I think Bleeding in the Arm or Foot will do a great deal of good. But tho&s;e who will pre&s;cribe Vene|&s;ection in all Bodies, and without difference in the&s;e cold and moi&s;t Countries, &s;uch &s;hall certain|ly find no good &s;ucce&s;s thereof. Yea they can hardly give a rea&s;on which will be received by art as genuine; e&s;pecially &s;eeing them&s;elves do freely and ingenuou&s;ly confe&s;s, that they &s;ome|times meet with &s;uch ca&s;es wherein they dare not order Bleeding which they cry up &s;o much,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Barbette</HI> Chirurg. part. <HI>1.</HI> cap. XI.</NOTE> per|forming the cure to their de&s;ire by Sudoriferous and cooling potions.</P>
<P N="42">XLII. <HI>Avicen Fen.</HI> 4. <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 29. <HI>Bleeding often cau&s;es a Fever, and many times putrefaction.</HI> Vene|&s;ection through the ebullition of the Spirits cau&s;es diary Fevers, and if it be too large, by debilita|ting Nature cau&s;es putrefaction, the innate heat being weakned: it generates an Hectick, if it be done in Bodies wanting Blood, the lean, hot, dry. A weakly man being in no di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ed him&s;elf to be Bled in the mid&s;t of Summer; be|ing lean and weak he begun to be Feveri&s;h there|upon, and complaining of an inflammation in his Liver, the Phy&s;ician not con&s;idering his weak|ne&s;s, nor thinking upon Coolers and Purgers that were then nece&s;&s;ary,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Zacut.</HI> prax. ad|mir. lib. <HI>3.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>53.</HI></NOTE> Bleeds him more than once: Whereupon the Blood (wherein heat has its per|&s;everance) being evacuated, his fle&s;h wa&s;ted, and he died of a tabid Fever.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. When there is occa&s;ion for repeated Bleeding, whether ought the &s;econd to be larger than the fir&s;t? <HI>Galen l.</HI> 4. <HI>de &s;anit tuend.</HI> &s;eems to make the &s;econd larger: But l. <HI>de venae &s;ectione</HI> he bids us add half the quantity the &s;econd time. Which many under&s;tand &s;o, as that only half as much is to be let forth as was before; but I think he means as much, and half as much more: Namely if &s;ix ounces were taken the fir&s;t time, then nine are to be taken the &s;econd: Though there is a contrary place, <HI>lib. de venae &s;ectione c.</HI> 17. where <HI>Galen</HI> took three pound the fir&s;t time, and after an hour one pound: But there, as I &s;uppo&s;e, the ca&s;e was &s;o urgent as to compel him to take more the fir&s;t time. Yet the matter is thus to be weigh|ed, namely, That where nothing hinders, and ne|ce&s;&s;ity is not very urgent, it is better to begin with a &s;mall quantity, e&s;pecially when we have not experienced the &s;trength of the Patient: But when we have and find it con&s;enting, when ne|ce&s;&s;ity urges,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercat.</HI> de prae&s;id. lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> we mu&s;t take more the fir&s;t time, notwith&s;tanding <HI>Galen's</HI> &s;aying who bids us add half the &s;econd time.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. I &s;u&s;pect whether change of the co|lour &s;hould be re&s;pected in Bleeding; for at what time the Blood is a flowing, 'tis hard to ob&s;erve &s;uch a change of colour; and when it is already run out, it is not &s;o profitable to look upon it; &s;eeing often when one has been let Blood twice or thrice, that which is hid in the deepe&s;t <HI>minera</HI> of the putrefaction, is drawn out in the la&s;t place, yet in but a &s;mall quantity, &s;o that it can do little good, and the Patient cannot without harm &s;u&s;tain further Bleeding though never &s;o nece&s;&s;ary. So that I think that mea&s;ure of the quantity to be &s;urer, which is chiefly taken from the benefiting and &s;u&s;taining: And though there do not pre&s;ently appear any benefit, yet the &s;u&s;taining has this excellency, that if the remedy be u&s;ed according to art, it promi&s;es benefit, and endures repetition till the di&s;ea&s;e be overcome.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercat.</HI> de Prae&s;. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> &para;. Phy&s;icians u&s;e to receive the Blood into three Porringers; when they ob&s;erve a di&s;colouring in the la&s;t, and &s;ee it very impure, and dare not continue the Bleeding till it come forth pure for fear of fainting away, they declare that the Patient mu&s;t Bleed again, not once, but three or four times: And they are confirm'd in this opinion when they &s;ee a glutinous &s;urface in the Porrin|ger, that is clammy and tough:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Rolfinc.</HI> meth. gen. l. <HI>4.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>10.</HI></NOTE> But this mea&s;ure is deceitful, for that is e&s;teemed for di&s;coloured Blood, which is Blood mixt with chyle; the glutinous &s;urface is chylous.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. One would at fir&s;t think that the mea&s;ure of the quantity of Bleeding &s;hould be, till we have taken away all abundance; but we may not do &s;o: for there is one thing which I think I have ob&s;erved, <HI>viz.</HI> That there has been an exce&s;s made, when &s;o much Blood has been let forth, that the left ventricle of the Heart could no longer drive it into the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Walaeus</HI> meth. med. p. <HI>78.</HI></NOTE> nor the Blood come from thence to the right ventricle of the Heart.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. There are &s;ome ca&s;es wherein it is ex|pedient to cau&s;e fainting away by evacuation: For in very great inflammations, in the mo&s;t burning Fevers and mo&s;t vehement pains, the Ancients, as <HI>Galen</HI> reports, u&s;ed to make eva|cuation to that degree: Not indeed as if Lipo|thymy were to be the mea&s;ure of the greate&s;t evacuation, as the common opinion is; for this mea|&s;ure would have been very deceitful, &s;eeing &s;ome faint away upon the lea&s;t occa&s;ion, and others endure immoderate evacuations without &s;wooning: But rather becau&s;e in the afore&s;aid ca&s;es Lipothy|my comes on a proper account; for hereby is a retraction made of the Blood and Spirits to the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> whence there is cau&s;ed the greate&s;t revul|&s;ion from the part affected: the habit of the Body likewi&s;e is very much cooled, and a torpor is induced upon the &s;en&s;es. I have ob&s;erved this benefit in pains, &s;o that I cannot &s;ufficiently &s;et forth how notably it takes them away. A noble Woman being troubled with very violent pains in her Head, and all things that were given her doing her no good, the pain at length came to that height, that through the greatne&s;s of it &s;he fell into a &s;woon, out of which being got in a little time, &s;he was freed from all &s;en&s;e of pain, and continued in that &s;tate till the &s;ame pain returning cau&s;ed a new &s;wooning, which proved the cure of the pain. Hence I perceived the rea&s;on why the Ancients in the greate&s;t pains made evacuations to fainting away: For <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o in the Pleuri&s;ie (4. <HI>acut. v.</HI> 241.) hath commended it, <HI>If the pain reach to the Clavicle or Collar-bone,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>and it be acute, we mu&s;t Bleed even to &s;wooning;</HI> Not exclu&s;ively, as &s;ome interpret, but inclu&s;ively, for he &s;ays, <HI>If the pain be acute, we mu&s;t Bleed even to &s;wooning:</HI> Hence it appears that &s;wooning is procured be|cau&s;e of the violence of the pain, that it may take the pain away. Seeing therefore &s;wooning, even without immoderate evacuation, happens in all ca&s;es in which it is approved of; it will not be nece&s;&s;ary to admini&s;ter an evacuation in that manner, le&s;t the Patient before a great evacua|tion be made, faint away, as <HI>Galen</HI> ob&s;erved. Yea he is &s;ometimes to be placed &s;o as that even by a moderate evacuation he may fall into a &s;woon,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Martian.</HI> comm. in ver&s;. <HI>70.</HI> l. de hu|mor.</NOTE> namely when 'tis feared that the &s;ick ei|ther through age or &s;ome other great cau&s;e can|not bear a large one; and that we &s;hall obtain if he be Bled either &s;tanding or &s;itting.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. As I never make tho&s;e numerous Bleed|ings which proceed to fifteen or twenty: So this I will premi&s;e, that there is hardly any di&s;ea&s;e who&s;e cure I do not begin with Vene&s;ection, be|cau&s;e if that be not u&s;ed in the fir&s;t place, there
<PB N="817" REF="372"> is &s;carce place for any remedy: For a full Body neither makes the ways permeable for other evacuations, nor affords it a pa&s;&s;age for any medi|cins; what is cooled is conden&s;ed, what is heated is inflamed; &s;uch a Body is fit for no way of cure: Therefore it is &s;o far to be evacuated, as that it may &s;u&s;tain the remainder of the cure with|out prejudice,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Valle&s;.</HI> m. m. l. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> but not &s;o far as that the faculty may not &s;uffice afterwards, or the Body incur the before rehear&s;ed prejudices.</P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. The habit of the Body affords but a deceitful token of the mea&s;ure of Bleeding; wherefore we mu&s;t be the more attentive to the &s;trength of the faculties, and to the Veins them|&s;elves, from which the &s;trength of the faculties is more manife&s;t than from the habit it &s;elf of the Body. This indeed <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> has taught us to examine; for if the Veins be large, and the habit al&s;o fat and loaded, &s;uch Bodies bear Bleeding more ea&s;ily: But if the Veins be &s;mall,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercat</HI> de Ind. med. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> though the Bodies be &s;lender, yet they bear this kind of evacuation more difficultly.</P>
<P N="49">XLIX. 'Tis certain that Bleeding is profitable again&s;t a <HI>Plethora,</HI> whether already compleat, or but a beginning; for the mi&s;chiefs of a <HI>Plethora</HI> cannot be better taken away or prevented by any other remedy. Yet we &s;hould avoid the nece&s;&s;ity of this evacuation as much as we may, namely becau&s;e the Blood becomes thereby more &s;ulphu|reous and le&s;s &s;alt, and therefore almo&s;t all per&s;ons are apt thereupon to fall into Fevers, and to grow fat. Moreover Vene&s;ection being a great remedy, if it be pro&s;tituted to every little occa&s;ion, it will become le&s;s effectual when there is need to u&s;e it for great di&s;ea&s;es. To which this may be added, that, according to the ob&s;ervation of the vulgar, the more familiarly any one u&s;es Phle|botomy, the oftner he &s;hall need it; becau&s;e Blood being often let to avoid a <HI>Plethora,</HI> the re&s;t of the Ma&s;s will the &s;ooner ari&s;e again to a <HI>Plethora,</HI> far otherwi&s;e than &s;ome think, who fear le&s;t the &s;tore of the Blood &s;hould be wa&s;ted by Vene&s;ection, &s;eeing on the contrary by this means its quantity becomes larger, though its cra&s;is be wor&s;e: For thus the Blood being &s;poiled of its bal&s;amick &s;alt,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Wili&s;.</HI> po&s;th. oper. &s;ect. <HI>3.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> and of its &s;alt that pre&s;erves it from putre|faction, is in&s;tead thereof &s;aturated with a fat|ning and more pyretick Sulphur.</P>
<P N="50">L. An error of no &s;mall moment is committed within moderate bounds, whil&s;t in &s;ome ca&s;es Blood is let with too &s;paring, and in others with too liberal an hand. In a burning Fever, Pleu|ri&s;ie, Inflammation of the Lungs, Apoplexy and other great di&s;ea&s;es, ari&s;ing from a turge&s;cence or phlegmonous incur&s;ion of Blood, to Bleed too &s;paringly does always more hurt than good: For be&s;ides that it takes not away the antecedent cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>Plethora,</HI> it does moreover cau&s;e the conjunct cau&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> the inflammation or irruption of the Blood, to be increa&s;ed. For it is a con&s;tant ob&s;ervation, that by letting Blood too &s;paringly, its whole ma&s;s does forthwith effer|ve&s;ce more notably, and has new ru&s;hings into the part affected. The rea&s;on whereof is, that in a great <HI>Plethora</HI> many portions of both the Blood and <HI>Serum</HI> being thru&s;t into rece&s;&s;es and &s;traits are compelled to re&s;ide there, which after the Ve&s;&s;els are a little emptied, regurgitate impetuou&s;ly into the ma&s;s of Blood, and do very much exagitate it and drive it very violently hither and thither: Wherefore even in this regard 'tis nece&s;&s;ary the Ve&s;&s;els &s;hould be very much emptied, namely, that be&s;ides the freeing of the Blood from the &s;traits there may be &s;pace granted to the humour returning from bani&s;hment, which otherwi&s;e be|ing not &s;o congruous to the Blood cau&s;es a tu|mult, and rai&s;es it into efferve&s;cences and erupti|ons. Hence we may note that almo&s;t all men pre&s;ently grow hotter after Bleeding, who yet if there were a &s;ufficient evacuation of the Blood, are more temperate afterwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi&s;.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51">LI. <HI>Galen (de cur. rat. per &s;. m. c.</HI> 13.) determins that Old Age does not forbid Vene&s;ection: You &s;hall open a Vein in men of Seventy, &s;ays he, if the di&s;ea&s;e require it, if there be the afore&s;aid Pul&s;es: For there are &s;ome even of this Age that have much Blood and are brisk; as there are others dry, and of little Blood, and that are apt to wither and &s;hrivel upon opening a Vein in any part. Wherefore you &s;hall not only have regard to the number of years, which &s;ome do, but al&s;o to the habit of the Body: For there are &s;ome that cannot indure Bleeding at Sixty, whereas there are others that can bear it at Seventy; however you &s;hall take le&s;s from the&s;e, though they &s;eem to have the &s;ame affection as a young flouri&s;hing Body. <HI>Thus far</HI> Galen. If therefore a brisk Old Man be afflicted with a Pleuri&s;ie, Peripneumony, a burning Fever or the like di&s;ea&s;es, there is no doubt but he may and ought to be let Blood, &s;ee|ing without that remedy &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es can hardly ever be cured: And if they are not able to in|dure the remedies, they mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily peri&s;h, and &s;o all di&s;ea&s;es &s;hould be mortal in Old Men. I have &s;een a Man of Seventy three years of Age let Blood four times in three days, and there were at lea&s;t thirty ounces of Blood taken from him.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Primiro&s;.</HI> error po|pul. l <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>23.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> al&s;o let a decrepit Man Blood that was afflicted with a grievous Pleuri&s;ie. &para; That e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e|gant pa&s;&s;age of <HI>Cel&s;us (de aetat.)</HI> is to be produced here: <Q>The Ancients thought infancy and Old Age could not bear this kind of remedy; but it matters not what the Age is, but what the &s;trength is: Therefore if a young Man be weak, 'tis bad to let him Blood; for the &s;trength that remained decays and is &s;natched away hereby: But a lu&s;ty Bo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, and a hearty brisk Old Man do &s;afely admit of Bleeding: But an unskilful Phy&s;ician may be very much deceived in the&s;e things, becau&s;e commonly tho&s;e Ages have but little &s;trength.</Q> &para; I knew a Woman that had &s;o accu&s;tomed her &s;elf to Bleeding, that &s;he was glad to be let Blood yearly in the Spring, or el&s;e &s;he could not be well:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Trincavel. <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 10. <HI>Pract.</HI></NOTE> And &s;he kept this cu&s;tom to the Eightieth year of her Age, bearing it very well; but &s;uch are very rarely to be found.</P>
<P N="52">LII. Nor is this kind of remedy to be feared in tender Age, if the di&s;ea&s;e be great; for I have Bled a Boy of Ten years old, very ill of a Pleuri&s;ie, in the <HI>Salvatella</HI> of the &s;ame &s;ide, who by the next day at even was freed from his di|&s;temper and perfectly recovered. The like re|medy I have u&s;ed in other Children in the Quin|&s;ey, induced thereunto both by rea&s;on and experi|ence, having &s;ometimes &s;een Children of four or five Years of Age Bleed a pound of Blood through a wound by a &s;tone, knife, or &s;ome other in&s;trument; and particularly one that Bled a great deal through an Artery cut in the Temporal Mu&s;cle, whom yet I cured, as I have done &s;everal others, without any detriment to the waxing faculty; yea I know &s;ome of them alive &s;till that are &s;trong, fat and fle&s;hy: So that in di&s;ea&s;es where there is danger of life,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Marchett. <HI>ob&s;ervat.</HI> 36.</NOTE> and an indication for Bleeding pre&s;ent, we &s;hould not be afraid of this remedy. &para; But the boldne&s;s of a young Surgeon of <HI>Paris</HI> exceeds all belief: When I practis'd Phy&s;ick at <HI>Newenburgh</HI> in <HI>Switzerland,</HI> but upon occa&s;ion was out of the City, a fat little Boy, of a very good con&s;titution, &s;even weeks old, but whom any one would have thought to be a year old, was taken with a cruel Pleuri&s;ie: The &s;igns whereof were, a violent Cough, an acute Fever, and when he was laid down in his Cradle or born in ones Arms, if he were touched never &s;o lightly on his right &s;ide, after having coughed a little he would cry very vehemently, with difficulty of breathing:
<PB N="818" REF="373"> I &s;ay a ra&s;h, but &s;ucce&s;sful Surgeon applies two Leeches to the Bending of the right Arm, and therewith took away about two ounces of Blood, which remedy was of that efficacy that the Child was quite cured the &s;ame day of his very dange|rous di&s;temper. But though Bleeding have proved well once or twice through the &s;trength of the Patients, yet it ought not to be drawn into Example: Colder Climates do not admit it at all, nor does it always &s;ucceed well in the hotter, as &s;aith <HI>Victor Trincavella de cur. affect. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 20. who relates how at <HI>Venice</HI> and <HI>Padua</HI> &s;ome Phy|&s;icians opened a Vein in tender Infants, but that always a bad &s;ucce&s;s attended. Wherefore pru|dence is greatly nece&s;&s;ary here, if in any ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="53">LIII. Idio&s;yncra&s;ie or the &s;ingular property of each ones nature make &s;ome to endure any Bleed|ing well, and others neither &s;uch as is large, nor indifferent; yea &s;ome are afraid and di&s;couraged by the very mentioning of it, e&s;pecially &s;uch as otherwi&s;e are apt to &s;woon. <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <HI>aph.</HI> 23. makes mention of the&s;e. Some have been ob|&s;erved when there was the greate&s;t nece&s;&s;ity of Bleeding, upon the thinking of the operation, to tremble in their Limbs, not to know what they did; being bid to &s;tretch forth their Arm, they have drawn it in; and on the contrary, being bid to turn away their Eyes, they have done otherwi&s;e; &s;o that tho&s;e who &s;tood by were forced to put a Cap or Hat before their Face, and the matter has hardly been done without their fain|ting away: This is connatural to the Dukes <HI>de Biron</HI> in <HI>France:</HI> The Duke <HI>de Biron</HI> Mare&s;chal of <HI>France,</HI> lying ill of a burning Fever, yielding at la&s;t to be Bled with much per&s;ua&s;ion, &s;wooned away, though a per&s;on u&s;ed to War, and very fa|mous for Royal victories. A noble <HI>Haemophobus</HI> (or dreader of Bleeding) con&s;ented to be Bled, which was terrible to him by an Hereditary &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ion of his Family. His Blood &s;carce &s;aw the light,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guern. Rolfinc. <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ueth. ge|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">er. l.</HI> 4. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">. 2. <HI>c.</HI> 4.</NOTE> but a &s;wooning coming on deceived the hopes of his Phy&s;icians that it would do him no harm.</P>
<P N="54">LIV. He that would determine the quantity of Blood that is to be let, is bound to con&s;ider the Country, or the &s;ign of the &s;trength, and pleni|tude of the Body. In hot Countries that are near to the Meridian, large Bleeding is not &s;o well born as in middle climates. The <HI>French,</HI> e&s;pecially in <HI>Paris,</HI> Bleed very largely: <HI>Riolanus (l. de circul. c.</HI> 26.) defends this prodigality. In di&s;ea&s;es from a <HI>Plethora,</HI> and continual acute, putrid burning Fevers, he determins that we ought not to &s;pare, but that half of the Blood in the Body may be let forth in fifteen days time. I cannot, &s;ays he, without pitying the &s;ick and dete&s;ting the Phy|&s;ician, read in <HI>Platerus</HI>'s ob&s;ervations, Hi&s;tories of Patients that have been &s;corched with burning Fevers without Vene&s;ection. And he thinks that tho&s;e who have e&s;caped in &s;uch ca&s;e, have re|covered health, not by the help of their Phy&s;i|cian, but by means of their Fate. In the &s;mall Pox, Mea&s;les, &s;potted Fevers, they think that Blee|ding does not retard, hinder or avert the excre|tion: In other grievous di&s;ea&s;es and full of dan|ger, as the Apoplexy, Phren&s;ie, Pleuri&s;ie, Joint-Gout, Foot-Gout, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> they are hardy in Hero|ick Vene&s;ections. Colder Countries that are nearer the North &s;eem not to bear &s;uch large evacuations of the Blood &s;o well, whether the Fevers be acute continual, or intermitting. Experience has taught, that when by the advice of French Phy&s;icians the excellent <HI>Duke de Longueville,</HI> the French General, and <HI>Panner</HI> the Suedi&s;h General encamping in the middle of Summer <HI>ann.</HI> 1640. by the City of <HI>Salfeld</HI> in <HI>Duringen</HI> (a Country in upper <HI>Saxony</HI>) when the&s;e illu&s;trious per&s;ons I &s;ay were Bled largely, it did not an&s;wer de&s;ire. Though plen|tiful Bleedings may be confirmed in our Coa&s;ts by the portentous in&s;tances of &s;pontaneous He|morrhagies; one being noted by <HI>Rulandus</HI> that Bled ten pound in a days time; and another by <HI>T. Dunus (mi&s;cel. med. c.</HI> 11.) who being but ten years old,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nc. <HI>meth. gen. l.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 11.</NOTE> in a double Tertian Bled fifteen pound within the &s;pace of one Month, and yet both of them recovered. But it is &s;afer not to rely on the&s;e Examples, but to u&s;e a mediocrity. &para; It is not from the purpo&s;e to add what <HI>Zacutus</HI> (in his Book of ob|&s;ervations) delivers concerning the Blood of the Spaniards and Germans, being very worthy our knowledge and notice: That in the Bodies of the Spaniards there abounds a thick, &s;ucculent and compact Blood, &s;o that if they be taken with a continual Fever, and not Bled freely, they all die: On the contrary the Bodies of the Germans are full of a crude watry Blood, that is not very firm. If the Blood that is taken from a Spaniard in a Fever be fluid, and watry, and do not coa|gulate, it is a certain token, known even by the mo&s;t ignorant, that &s;uch a one will die, becau&s;e the fibres of the Blood are corrupted and di&s;&s;ol|ved: But in <HI>Germany,</HI> not only in malignant di&s;|ea&s;es, but al&s;o in tho&s;e that are more &s;light and le&s;s dangerous, a fluid and watry Blood is void of all danger. From whence it comes to pa&s;s that the Germans cannot &s;o well indure Bleeding, e&s;pecially if more large, becau&s;e their Blood is le&s;s &s;pirituous, &s;eeing experience is witne&s;s that if a Vein be opened in a &s;tate of health, only for prevention, often even while the Blood is yet a running, they fall into great Lipothymies, and the &s;ame is much more to be feared in continual Fevers. The nature of the Italians differs not much from the con&s;titution of the Spaniards;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Thoner. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 33. <HI>lib.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> but the complexion of the French is fiery, whence they have need of greater eventilation by Vene|&s;ection.</P>
<P N="55">LV. Letting of Blood may breed a cu&s;tom: Thus the Ethiopians, who u&s;e often to &s;carifie their forehead, their forehead itches when Blood is redundant: As likewi&s;e do the &s;houlder-blade and arm in tho&s;e who have been u&s;ed to be &s;carified or Bled in tho&s;e parts. For the emptied part draws from the whole, and nature endeavours to unburthen her &s;elf by that part which u&s;es to be opened.</P>
<P N="56">LVI. Whether is letting of Blood to be omit|ted in the <HI>&s;tate</HI> and <HI>vigour of a di&s;ea&s;e?</HI> In di&s;ea&s;es who&s;e motions are &s;udden and &s;wift, and which are of a more rugged and fierce nature, we mu&s;t &s;peedily make u&s;e of the mo&s;t effectual remedies; wherefore a larger bleeding is convenient in the&s;e even at the fir&s;t time. A moderate one is al&s;o profitable in the beginning of other di&s;ea&s;es, for which it may &s;eem good at other &s;ea&s;ons of them, as in a Tertian Ague. Nor is it only good in the <HI>beginning,</HI> but in the <HI>increa&s;e</HI> of di&s;ea&s;es; but not indi&s;criminately in all di&s;ea&s;es, nor at all times; for there is no need of it in every &s;light inflammation, or pain, or every &s;mall di&s;ea&s;e that would termi|nate in health, if left to it &s;elf: Nor is it rea&s;onable to believe, that if it be good to open a Vein in the beginning for a pain in the &s;ide, throat or eyes, that it is &s;o al&s;o to do it in the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the chilline&s;s of a Tertian Ague, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or other di&s;ea&s;e that gives truce; but it will be &s;oon enough if it be done after the fir&s;t, &s;econd, or even third fit. Therefore it was rightly &s;aid of <HI>Galen (l. de cur. rat. per &s;. m. c.</HI> 20.) <HI>That the number of days is not to be attended, as &s;ome have writ; yea on what day &s;oever you &s;hall find in the Patient indications for Bleeding, u&s;e that remedy thereon, though it be even the twentieth day from the beginning. And</HI> 9. <HI>m. m. c.</HI> 5. he &s;ays likewi&s;e, <HI>That Blood may be let at any time, but the &s;ooner the better.</HI> That it is profitable in the augment as none doubts, &s;o does &s;carce any admit it to be good in the <HI>&s;tate</HI> and <HI>vigor;</HI> but this is contrary to the la&s;t opinion of
<PB N="819" REF="373"> <HI>Galen,</HI> and again&s;t rea&s;on, &s;eeing it is very often found mo&s;t profitable at that time, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e di&s;ea&s;es in which is ob&s;erved &s;o great &s;trength, that their end is held to be doubtful. As for my &s;elf, I am not only not afraid to let Blood in the Vehemence of a di&s;ea&s;e, when <HI>exanthemata</HI> have broken or are a breaking forth; but neither am I &s;o in burning Fevers or <HI>Synocha's,</HI> in which there appear neither <HI>Exanthemata,</HI> nor <HI>Parotides,</HI> nor droppings of Blood at the No&s;e, nor any thing el&s;e be&s;ides the greatne&s;s of the Fever. Yet I know that <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> does very evidently dete&s;t it, and al&s;o deny that it ought to be done after the fir&s;t or &s;econd day. Which la&s;t as it is true, when it is fitly referred to tho&s;e di&s;ea&s;es of which <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> there treats, which are tho&s;e which &s;trangle, wherein there is hardly any hope of retrieving the Patient, if the &s;trangling be not manife&s;tly got off before the third day; &s;o is that generally mani|fe&s;tly fal&s;e when he &s;ays, <HI>But in ca&s;e of a violent Fever, to Bleed in its very impetus is to cut a Mans throat, therefore a remi&s;&s;ion is to be expected.</HI> I con|fe&s;s indeed, if we know there will be a remi&s;&s;ion, as we &s;ee in intermittents, or indeed in continual that come towards the nature of intermittents, a remi&s;&s;ion ought to be expected, although I ne|ver knew it do harm even then, but rather good. I know that I deliver a Paradox; but do not however depart from the rea&s;on of the thing it &s;elf, but only from the received opinions of Phy|&s;icians, which as I formerly entertained as true, &s;o by practice and experience I find, and by rea|&s;on evince them to be either &s;imply fal&s;e, or for the greate&s;t part departing from truth: Seeing it is certain that Febrile, yea all other morbous <HI>im|petus</HI> (or vigors of di&s;ea&s;es) can by no other re|medy be &s;o ea&s;ily le&s;&s;ened, weakened and extin|gui&s;hed, as by the very thing from which they u&s;e to receive help at their beginning: And from what do they receive greater help than from this, whereby <HI>Galen</HI> confe&s;&s;es that he has often de&s;troyed the&s;e impetuous Fevers? If you &s;ay that <HI>Galen</HI> has not commanded it in the very vigour of the di&s;ea&s;e, this will be harder for you to prove, than the contrary for me, &s;eeing he &s;ays that as it were by a miracle the fevers were extingui&s;h'd in many a little after, to wit, on the very &s;ame day or on the following; which I have al&s;o often ob&s;erv'd. Now this &s;o &s;udden evacua|tion of the reliques by &s;weat had not been, if the di&s;ea&s;e had been in its beginning, in which the matter is unapt for a natural expul&s;ion: But in tho&s;e, in whom the reliques of the di&s;ea&s;e are expelled by a natural evacuation three or four days after the letting of Blood, as in tho&s;e from whom <HI>Galen</HI> in the cited place &s;ays he took Blood on the &s;econd or third day, who on the &s;eventh were freed by plentiful &s;weat, as in a Slave and a Free-man, of whom <HI>Galen</HI> makes mention <HI>lib.</HI> 9. <HI>m. m. c.</HI> 4. I &s;ay in tho&s;e, Blood was let in the beginning or augment of the di&s;ea&s;e; but in others in whom a Cri&s;is follow'd the next day after, or on the very &s;ame day, I &s;uppo&s;e it to be done, as the fore&s;aid rea&s;on teacheth, in the very <HI>impetus</HI> or height and con&s;tancy or fixtne&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e, wherein if the end &s;eem &s;u&s;pected, it is &s;afer to a&s;&s;i&s;t nature by the help only of Bleeding, and not by Purging, which indeed I always do when I order my Patients my &s;elf alone: But where I ob&s;erve &s;igns of health, though I &s;ee great inva&s;i|ons of the Fever, I commit the whole combat to Nature; for I have found by experience that that of <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de Cri&s;. c.</HI> 2. is mo&s;t true: <HI>For no little perturbation in the Patients precedes Critical excretions, &s;eeing &s;ome breath difficultly, are delirous;</HI> &amp;c. <HI>whence you may often ob&s;erve tho&s;e that &s;it by them, and unexperienced Phy&s;icians to have no more hopes of them than of tho&s;e who are &s;entenc'd to death in the Court.</HI> An experienced Phy&s;ician only can di|&s;tingui&s;h the difference of the&s;e, &s;eeing the&s;e very bad &s;ymptoms precede both deadly and healthful Cri&s;es alike: Therefore only the prudent Phy&s;i|cian can rightly di&s;cern when in the &s;aid <HI>impetus</HI> 'tis fit to a&s;&s;i&s;t nature, and when to let her alone. But if you ask what is be&s;t to be done in a doubt|ful ca&s;e, namely when we can hardly di&s;tingui&s;h an healthful &s;trugling from an unhealthful, Whe|ther is it better to ab&s;tain from Bleeding, or to u&s;e it? Certainly 'tis &s;afer to u&s;e it, becau&s;e it will do no harm to him that is about to recover, and it may perhaps pre&s;erve him that otherwi&s;e would die; nor by doing &s;o (if you offend not in other things) &s;hall you act contrary to <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI>'s <HI>aph.</HI> 20. 1. <HI>What things are judged,</HI> &amp;c. And at what time can you do it more oppor|tunely (if a better occa&s;ion be &s;lipt) than while nature is in her extreme conflict, in which if &s;he be conquered, there remains no further hope of e&s;caping? There is no rea&s;on therefore that we &s;hould be moved by the opinion of <HI>Cel&s;us,</HI> that was a more eloquent Author than learned Phy&s;ician, which opinion he pre&s;ently extenuates, and that rightly, when he adds, <HI>If it do not decrea&s;e, but have cea&s;ed to increa&s;e, and there be no remi&s;&s;ion hoped, then al&s;o, though it be wor&s;e, yet that only oc|ca&s;ion is not to be omitted.</HI> In this place verily <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;hews him&s;elf to be rather a Rhetorician than Phy&s;ician: For if it be to cut the throat of a Patient, to open a Vein while a Fever is violent, how then does he advi&s;e it to be done if the Fe|ver do not decrea&s;e? For what can there happen wor&s;e to a Per&s;on in a Fever than to be &s;tabb'd by that which is in the place of a Remedy; or if he think that it may be &s;ometimes profitable in that ca&s;e, why &s;aid he &s;o ab&s;olutely, <HI>to cut a Mans throat?</HI> Moreover if in a notable Fever wherein there is no remi&s;&s;ion hoped for, the only opportunity of Bleeding be while it is in its &s;tate and vigour, (which he means when he &s;ays <HI>if it do not decrea&s;e, but have cea&s;ed to increa&s;e</HI>) how is this occa&s;ion wor&s;e? For the&s;e things &s;eem to imply a contradiction. Therefore I conclude with <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> him&s;elf, that Blood ought to be let in the very &s;tate and <HI>impetus</HI> or height of the Fever, if there be no remi&s;&s;ion hoped for therein, which I do again&s;t the opinion of vulgar Phy&s;icians, that have in their mouth continually <HI>aph.</HI> 20. 1. <HI>What things are judged,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>I have therefore on this occa&s;ion let Blood in many, even in the greate&s;t <HI>impetus</HI> of the di&s;ea&s;e, as in Mr. <HI>N.</HI> who was ill of a continual, violent Fever, but &s;omewhat of kin to a Tertian, with very grievous Cholerick vomitings in the very time of the exacerbation. Being called to him but on the fifth day about noon, at which time his Fever was very dangerou&s;ly high, fearing le&s;t his continuing to &s;train to Vomit without bring|ing up any thing might break &s;ome inward Vein, or &s;ome inflammation might invade the agitated parts, or the re&s;tle&s;s &s;training to Vomit and the Fe|ver might &s;o grow upon him that afterwards there might be no place for remedies; I therefore order him to Bleed pre&s;ently to fifteen ounces, which remedy proved &s;o &s;ea&s;onable and effectual that the provocation to Vomit cea&s;ed even while the Blood was a running, and the fever abated, and declining by degrees was quite cured on the &s;e|venth day. I did thus not only on the day of the exarcerbation, but al&s;o in the very hour of the greate&s;t affliction. The like I did in the &s;iege of <HI>Rochel</HI> in many up and down in the Army; that were ill of a very violent and greatly pu|trid Fever, yea that was &s;omewhat pe&s;tilential: Of all which Patients of mine not one died that u&s;ed Vene&s;ection.</P>
<PB N="820" REF="374">
<P>Wherefore, to return, I &s;ay again, that Bleeding is a mo&s;t effectual remedy when the di&s;ea&s;e is ur|gent, where the end is &s;u&s;pected. Whither be|longeth that of <HI>Cel&s;us lib.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 10. <HI>Blood ought to be let when any one is &s;trangled with a Quin&s;ie, and when the foregoing fit of an Ague almo&s;t killed the Patient, and 'tis probable the next may be as bad, and the &s;trength of the Patient &s;eems not able to &s;u&s;tain it.</HI> Which ought to be under&s;tood both of an inter|mitting, and continual Fever that has exacerba|tions, for this ought to be done in both, and in any other di&s;ea&s;e (&s;ave where there are no hopes of recovery) wherein there is greater &s;u&s;picion that it will grow to a greater height, than decline And that is the whole time of the vigor or &s;tate, according to Phy&s;icians, whil&s;t the di&s;ea&s;e for &s;ome &s;pace of time &s;eems to maintain an equal combat with the &s;trength of the Body; not but that it is either increa&s;ed in it &s;elf, or in &s;ome regard dimini&s;hed, but it is unknown to us.</P>
<P N="57">LVII. And &s;hall this remedy be thought unpro|fitable in the declen&s;ions of di&s;ea&s;es? Some have thought it to be &s;o, for this rea&s;on, That nature can overcome the re&s;idue that is le&s;s, if &s;he could le&s;&s;en that which was greater, in the &s;tate of the di&s;ea&s;e. That indeed has for the mo&s;t part been ob&s;erved, yet often al&s;o it is fal&s;e according to that of <HI>Hippocrates, Tho&s;e things which are left in di&s;ea&s;es, u&s;e to cau&s;e relap&s;es.</HI> Some &s;ay here that the&s;e reliques of di&s;ea&s;es ought not to be taken away by Bleeding, but Purging; but I am of the contrary opinion,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Leon Bo|tal.</HI> l. de cur. per &s;. m. c. <HI>22.</HI></NOTE> namely rather the former way than the latter; yet not in all di&s;ea&s;es, but in ve|ry many. See the rea&s;ons &sect;. 29. of this chapter.</P>
<P N="58">LVIII. If it happen that there be a great ne|ce&s;&s;ity for Bleeding, but the &s;trength be very lan|guid from the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e to the very &s;tate, and Bleeding were neglected at the beginning, What is to be done in &s;uch a ca&s;e? We mu&s;t know that before all things the feeble|ne&s;s of the &s;trength is to be con&s;ider'd, whether it ari&s;e from oppre&s;&s;ion, or from re&s;olution. If the &s;trength be oppre&s;&s;ed, &s;eeing it &s;uffers nothing in its own nature, we mu&s;t not omit to Bleed, though we did omit it in the beginning. On which account <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>de rat. vict. in Acut.</HI> and <HI>Galen in commentar.</HI> admoni&s;h us to let Blood in the ca&s;e of the intercepting of the Blood and &s;hutting of the Veins. But if the &s;trength be re&s;olved and &s;uffer as to 'tis e&s;&s;ence, I had rather with <HI>Sennertus (de febr.)</HI> follow <HI>Galen</HI> in this ca&s;e, who per&s;uades us to omit tho&s;e remedies that may ca&s;t down the &s;trength of the Body and get the Phy&s;ician an ill fame, and to u&s;e progno|&s;ticks, rather than by a doubtful remedy to take away the remainders of the &s;trength with the life: For it is contrary to all method of cure, to exhau&s;t more the vital &s;pirits which are already exhau&s;ted: And we con&s;ult more for the dignity of Phy&s;ick,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hofman.</HI> m. m. l. <HI>1.</HI> c. <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> if in &s;uch a ca&s;e we in&s;i&s;t upon comforting things and expect a convenient time for Vene&s;ection.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. In the progre&s;s of di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially Fe|vers, that there is no place for Vene&s;ection is determin'd by <HI>Joubertus.</HI> 1. Becau&s;e of <HI>aphor.</HI> 23. 2. <HI>In the beginning of di&s;ea&s;es if any thing &s;eem to be moved, move it then,</HI> which <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o under&s;tands of Phlebotomy. 2. There is no place for it where Purging is mo&s;t required; but &s;eeing as the di&s;ea&s;e proceeds, the febrile <HI>intemperies</HI> does daily corrupt the Blood, and &s;eeing it makes it feculent, &s;erous and ill coloured, it becomes clear that purging is rather required. 3. The &s;trength being brought down by &s;uch a taint of the Blood and the continuance of the di&s;ea&s;e, does di&s;&s;uade from it. And let us &s;uppo&s;e that the tainted or infected Blood is al&s;o evacuated by Vene&s;ection, yet this will not be with fruit, becau&s;e the good Blood is dimini&s;hed with the offending humours. On the contrary <HI>Gaudinus</HI> often Bleeds in the pro|gre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e. 1. Becau&s;e the Cacochymy which a febrile <HI>intemperies</HI> introduceth upon the Blood (when the Fever is vigorous) has always a preternatural heat, which is not only alter'd by Vene&s;ection, but a good part al&s;o of the offending matter evacuated. 2. As often as the faults of crudity &s;hew them&s;elves, and there are new pu|trefactions, if the Patient be not very weak, Blood is conveniently taken away: And though in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e it be done a &s;econd or a third time, it is neither un&s;ea&s;onable nor un|rea&s;onable. 3. Is it not true in all Vene&s;ection that all things are moved inwards, all places are made more open, and all the humours better &s;cattered, which things are of great moment for the cure of Fevers? 4. If for the &s;ake of a Cacochymy Blood be withdrawn in the beginning, why not al&s;o in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e? The&s;e things being laid down, <HI>Gaudinus</HI> concludes, that in each <HI>Plethora</HI> (the mother of Fevers) if the &s;trength con&s;ent, 'tis profitable in the beginning of the di&s;|ea&s;e to withdraw that which is &s;hut up in the coction of the Blood, and that not once, but a Second and a Third time, more largely in that <HI>Plethora</HI> which is &s;uch with re&s;pect to the Ve&s;&s;els, more &s;paringly in the other which is burthen|&s;ome and offen&s;ive to the &s;trength: and in both again more &s;paringly in the augment of the di&s;|ea&s;e, and more largely on the fir&s;t days thereof. <HI>And a little after:</HI> Seeing there are many kinds of Cacochymy, Purging is a proper and an accom|modate remedy for them all, whereby the im|purity is withdrawn and evacuated &s;ooner and more ea&s;ily, or &s;lower and more hardly, accor|dingly as the parts of the body are &s;ituated: Yet in a Cacochymy of the Veins, Blood is let for many rea&s;ons; yet &s;o as that what is not drawn forth by Vene&s;ection, be drawn forth by Purging. Here I will only mention a febrile Cacochymy, which is far more profitably taken away by Bleed|ing again and again, than by Purging; becau&s;e ei|ther all of it is drawn forth, or at lea&s;t whil&s;t we have drained a great part of the impurity and vi|tiated matter, Nature will the more ea&s;ily con|coct, put to flight and drive forth the remainder; or being concocted, will rather commit it to the Phy&s;ician to be driven forth. To <HI>Joubertus</HI>'s rea|&s;ons I an&s;wer, 1. To the Aphori&s;m, <HI>In the begin|ning of di&s;ea&s;es, if any thing,</HI> &amp;c. That it admits of its limitation, ina&s;much as &s;uch a beginning only is particularly under&s;tood, where the matter is turgent: Whereas otherwi&s;e the augment may &s;eem fitter for evacuation. To the Second, It does not follow that where Purging is required, there is no place at all for Bleeding: This is clear if we con&s;ider a Cacochymy in the Veins. To the Third, Re&s;pect ought always to be had to the &s;trength, which may be often &s;ufficient in the progre&s;s of the di&s;ea&s;e. To the Fourth, Doubtle&s;s there is greater benefit from a large evacuation of the corrupt Blood which partakes of a natural extingui&s;hing quality, than harm from withdrawing out of the Veins a &s;mall quantity of that which is pure; becau&s;e this lat|ter will &s;oon be made up again, as &s;oon as the other is drained forth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Greg. Hor&s;t. <HI>In&s;t. med. di&s;p.</HI> 18. <HI>qu.</HI> 22.</NOTE> which through its impurity does not only &s;poil nutrition, but by degrees will vi|tiate and corrupt that which is pure.</P>
<P N="60">LX. If in the middle of a di&s;ea&s;e, or even in the beginning, Blood begin to flow out of the Womb, Phy&s;icians lay &s;o great &s;tre&s;s upon the benefit of that region, that though it flow out of the u&s;ual time, merely Symptomatically, they dare not u&s;e any other evacuation, which may chiefly &s;tay that fluxion: Whence it comes to pa&s;s that in the cure of acute di&s;ea&s;es they often incur great danger by &s;uch &s;cruple: As when in the beginning of a Pleuri&s;ie, or Peripneumony,
<PB N="821" REF="374"> or burning Fever the Terms begin to flow, there are few who do not let &s;lip the opportunity of letting Blood, out of a Vein; or if in any acute Di&s;ea&s;e they dare do it, they do it in the Foot; induced; as I &s;uppo&s;e, by the benefits of that re|gion, and being affrighted by the dangers that are wont to happen upon the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms. But it doth not become Arti&s;ts to receive any mat|ter &s;o indi&s;tinctly. That evacuation of Blood by the Womb which is natural, is indeed profitable unto Women in many regards, and is generally &s;uppre&s;t with great prejudice: Yet that evacuati|on is not alwayes made with a like benefit, and therefore neither is it &s;topt alwayes with the &s;ame danger: But the like happens commonly in this, as in other Evacuations; If they be made well, they are good; if ill, bad. We mu&s;t therefore con&s;ider, not only from whence the Blood flows, but whe|ther it flow &s;ea&s;onably, that is, whether at that time when there may be made a Cri&s;is of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, and when the Terms us'd to flow; or whe|ther at neither of the&s;e times, but while the Di|&s;ea&s;e is yet crude, and the Month is not yet quite come about; or whether it be come about, but the Di&s;ea&s;e is not ripe for a Cri&s;is; or whether it be ripe for a Cri&s;is, but the Month is not yet come about. For if the fir&s;t happen, you may e&s;teem the evacuation to be very &s;ea&s;onable, and that the men&s;trual evacuation of the Body and &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e have happily jumpt upon the &s;ame time: You &s;hall therefore give way to &s;uch an eva|cuation, if it be made entirely; if not, you &s;hall help it by all means: Therefore you &s;hall open no Vein, or if you do, it mu&s;t be in the Leg; but make no other evacuation. But if the evacuation be &s;ea&s;onable in neither regard, then matter it not, but let Blood where and as much as the Di&s;ea&s;e requires, abating only &s;o much of the quantity, as you think may be &s;upplied by the fluxion that ca&s;ually happens. Therefore if it be a Pleuri&s;ie, let Blood out of the Arm of the &s;ame &s;ide, not mat|tering though it flow out of the Womb: For &s;ee|ing that Di&s;ea&s;e is urgent, it requires to be &s;oon taken away, but it does not require to be cured by &s;o un&s;ea&s;onable an evacuation: It is the conve|niency of the region alone that &s;eems to require it; but that is of no great moment when &s;o many conditions gain &s;ay it: 'Twill be &s;ufficient that this evacuation be not &s;tayed on this account by the u&s;e of a&s;tringents; you &s;hall therefore ab&s;tain from the&s;e, but let Blood from whence the Di&s;ea&s;e re|quires. If that evacuation come before the u&s;ual day of the Month, and yet happen fitly for a Cri|&s;is of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the rule of &s;ea&s;onable Cri&s;is &s;hall be ob&s;erved; If the flux be large enough, to let it alone; if not, to help it, but upon no account to hinder it, nor to divert to another place, or to at|tempt another evacuation: And if it be un&s;ea&s;ona|ble for the Di&s;ea&s;e, but come at the due time of the Month, if &s;o be the Di&s;ea&s;e be indifferent to upper or lower evacuations, as &s;uppo&s;e the Stone in the Kidneys; or be without any certain &s;eat, as a Fever; Blood &s;hall be let out of the Leg, if there be need to let it: But if the Di&s;ea&s;e require evacuation by the upper Parts, and be urgent, the Phy&s;ician may let it alternately, both above and below; and while he lets it above, to retain it below by &s;ome art,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 2. c. 13.</NOTE> as by Bands, or Cupping-gla&s;|&s;es, or otherwi&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="61">LXI. A Vein is not to be opened in the time of the men&s;trual Purgation, le&s;t we hinder or preci|pitate the motion of Nature: But this is to be un|der&s;tood only on condition that natural evacuation exceed not nor come &s;hort of the due mea&s;ure, ei|ther &s;imply, or with re&s;pect to the urgency of the Di&s;ea&s;e: For if the Blood bur&s;t forth in too great quantity, then it may be &s;afely let out of the Veins of the Arm. Moreover if there then happen any grievous Di&s;ea&s;e that requires a &s;udden evacuation, and pre&s;&s;es the upper Parts, it may be let out of the upper Parts, as in a cruel Pleuri&s;ie, or a &s;uffo|cating Quin&s;ie: For if then you let Blood out of the Foot, or expect the motion of Nature, that that may &s;uffice the <HI>Plethora,</HI> or the acutene&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Patient will die before that tedi|ous evacuation can do any good: Wherefore re|gard being had to the more urgent Malady we mu&s;t let Blood out of the upper and nearer part, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es being fir&s;t &s;et upon the Thighs, or the Legs being rubbed, or Blood being let out of the Foot, that both Indications may be &s;atisfied. Again if the men&s;truous Purgation be too little, and re&s;tagnate to the upper Parts, and Spitting or Vo|miting of Blood follow, 'tis the &s;afe&s;t to open the Veins of the Foot, according to <HI>aphor.</HI> 5. 32. Be|&s;ides, if the men&s;truous Blood actually flowing be not proportionable to the <HI>Plethora,</HI> how can we &s;up|ply that imperfect motion but by Vene&s;ection? which <HI>Galen</HI> 9. <HI>Meth.</HI> 5. teacheth. For though, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is placid, mild, and accompanied with good &s;igns, it be unlawful in the flowing of the Terms, ra&s;hly to di&s;turb Nature's motion; yet if it be not perfect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Prax. hi&s;t. lib. 3. cap. 9.</NOTE> nor proportionable to the <HI>Pletho|ra,</HI> we mu&s;t compleat it, le&s;t by delaying the Re|medy the Di&s;ea&s;e obtain an increa&s;e.</P>
<P N="62">LXII. The <HI>Vena Portae</HI> contains a Cacochymie in a morbous Body, which 'tis doubtful whether it be &s;afe to empty by a manifold Vene&s;ection, le&s;t the Blood flowing back into the larger Veins appoint|ed for the circulation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. Ana|rom.</NOTE> infect the whole ma&s;s of Blood. &para; Le&s;t the impurity of the fir&s;t ways be drawn into the Veins by Bleeding, that ought fir&s;t to be removed: but this danger attends not all letting of Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augen.</NOTE> but only that which is plentiful according to the cu&s;tome of the Ancients.</P>
<P N="63">LXIII. If the &s;trength permits not the opening of a Vein in the Arm, <HI>Avicen</HI> &s;ays that the Forehead Vein is to be opened in the Phren&s;ie; out of which, as being le&s;s, Blood flows in a le&s;s quan|tity, whence there is le&s;s lo&s;s and di&s;&s;ipation of the Spirits. This document is to be ob&s;erved not only in the Phren&s;ie, but al&s;o in any long Di|&s;ea&s;e; &s;o that if the &s;trength be not very robu&s;t, 'tis &s;afer to open the le&s;&s;er Veins. Wherefore Practitioners are not to be found fault with,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivacc. cap. de Phre|nit.</NOTE> who in long Di&s;ea&s;es open the <HI>Salvatella.</HI></P>
<P N="64">LXIV. Yet it is to be noted, that it is better that a <HI>little Blood</HI> be drawn forth at &s;everal times, than that much be evacuated all at once: The rea|&s;on is, becau&s;e there have been often ob&s;erved no|table harms, yea death it &s;elf to have come upon letting forth a great deal of Blood at once,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. de le Bo&euml; Sylv. prax. l. 3. c. 4. &sect;. 107.</NOTE> never from taking a le&s;s quantity of the &s;ame, though by repeated Bleedings there were at length the &s;ame quantity extracted.</P>
<P N="65">LXV. Tho&s;e who think in Vene&s;ection that Na|ture if &s;he be &s;trong, does alwayes &s;end forth the vitious Blood, and retain the good; becau&s;e they &s;ee that in vene&s;ection made to fainting, the Blood that is fir&s;t &s;ent forth &s;eparates into parts, but that which comes out la&s;t abides alwayes one and the &s;ame; tho&s;e I &s;ay are deceived: for the rea&s;on why the latter Blood &s;eparates not, is not becau&s;e it is good, but becau&s;e it i&s;&s;ues drop by drop, and &s;purts not out of the Vein &s;o vigorou&s;ly as the former:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wa&s;aeus m. m. p. 31.</NOTE> both of them con&s;i&s;ts both of good and bad Humours.</P>
<P N="66">LXVI. Tho&s;e erre who pre&s;cribe fa&s;ting and vene&s;ection at once; for this cannot be done without the great damage and danger of the Pati|ent. For <HI>Galen</HI> has admoni&s;hed us that the Sick are more hurt by undue and un&s;ea&s;onable evacuati|ons, than helped by convenient and &s;ea&s;onable, be|cau&s;e of the re&s;olution of the &s;trength that &s;uc|ceeds tho&s;e evacuations. Now tho&s;e are undue and un&s;ea&s;onable, which are made u&s;e of after fa&s;ting: as <HI>Galen</HI> has declared in his Book <HI>of Vene|&s;ection</HI> again&s;t the <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratians</HI> that lived at <HI>R&ouml;me.</HI> Nor
<PB N="822" REF="375"> hinders it that <HI>Hippocrates lib. de vict. acut.</HI> pre&s;cribes fa&s;ting after vene&s;ection; for he does not mean an ab&s;tinence for &s;everal days, but only for a few hours after Bleeding. Now we mean that fa&s;ting which continues for one day or more without any meat at all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aug. Ferrer. ca&s;tig. cap. 18.</NOTE> or a longer time with a little: And in the&s;e there is neither place for Bleeding nor purging.</P>
<P N="67">LXVII. In Bleeding there often happens a <HI>&s;woon|ing</HI> or fainting away, which u&s;es to cau&s;e greater fear in tho&s;e who are pre&s;ent, yea in Phy&s;icians that are young Practitioners, than harm to the Pa|tient. Yet this happens not through the fault of the Arti&s;t, but the &s;oftne&s;s of the Patients mind, which too readily di&s;turbs the Spirits in the Body, and almo&s;t tyes them up, when he &s;eems to be giving up the Gho&s;t as it were: yet this is preven|ted with a little to do, namely if the Patient lye along, and hold &s;ome liquor, as &s;uppo&s;e Water or Wine, in his Mouth, whil&s;t the Vein is cut and the Blood flows out. I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> he faint notwith&s;tanding, &s;topping the Blood by laying your thumb upon the ori<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ce, &s;prinkle his face pre&s;ently with cold water; if the fainting continue, pinch his no&s;e al|&s;o; and when the fainting is over, taking off your thumb, let as much Blood be taken as &s;eems good to the prudent Arti&s;t; and cea&s;e not to Bleed, as the over fearful u&s;e often to do. If the fainting take him as he &s;its, we mu&s;t help it the &s;ame way as it might have been prevented: let him pre&s;ent|ly lye along upon his Bed, or be gently laid down upon the floor, &s;prinkling his face with cold water as is before&s;aid, for the Arti&s;t may ea&s;ily be aware of its coming if he look upon the Patients face or ob&s;erve his pul&s;e; for that looks pale, and this varies its beating. But as it is ea&s;ily perceived, and rai&s;|ed on &s;o &s;light an occa&s;ion; &s;o the Patient is neither di&s;&s;olved, nor is it difficult to re&s;tore him to his former &s;en&s;es; though in its coming it bring in &s;ome frightful jactations of the whole Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leon. Botal|lus de modo incide<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. venae &sect; 20.</NOTE> ever|&s;ions of the Eye-lids and Lips and other like things, which yet &s;oon vani&s;h: which is not done in that &s;wooning that follows upon &s;uperfluous evacuations.</P>
<P N="68">LXVIII. It is u&s;ual for skilful Phy&s;icians, when there is need of both purging and Bleeding, if the Patient be afraid of the one (though it were fit to be fir&s;t done) to u&s;e the other. In which mat|ter the opinion of <HI>Paulus</HI> and <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> is to be taken warily, as al&s;o <HI>Galen's</HI> 12. <HI>method.</HI> and one is not ra&s;hly to be &s;ub&s;tituted for the other. The&s;e teach, That if any be not bled becau&s;e he is afraid of it, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we mu&s;t evacuate the plenty of matter either by Urine, or by unlocking the pa&s;&s;ages, or lenifie and cool the Fever, or purge more largely by &s;tool. Which opinion is very contrary to the rules of phy&s;ick: ina&s;much as whil&s;t Blood is redundant in Fevers, we may not le&s;&s;en it by purging, nor by urine or &s;weat; for &s;uch things would be hurtful when the <HI>plethora</HI> is not fir&s;t taken away, with the evacuation whereof <HI>Galen</HI> always begins. Nor can fear excu&s;e, nor cau&s;e that &s;uch things as will hurt may not hurt, whil&s;t there is a plenitude in the Body: for if we purge, we leave an equal quanti|ty of Blood: if we provoke &s;weat or urine, we take never the more from the plenitude: Unle&s;s we thus expound <HI>Galen, viz.</HI> That when Blood is not let in the fir&s;t days of a Di&s;ea&s;e, it by and by dege|nerates into other Humours which mu&s;t be purged: But this advice of <HI>Galen</HI> is not &s;o to be under&s;tood, as if we &s;hould purge at the &s;ame time we ought to Bleed. For in Fevers 'tis needful both to purge, and provoke &s;weat and Urine; but one cannot be done in the room and &s;ea&s;on of another: Where|fore the Patient is to be forced to Bleed but if he cannot be brought to it, having pronounced the danger of neglect, 'tis &s;afer for cooling of the Fe|ver to &s;ati&s;fie the indication in &s;ome mea&s;ure with Leeches and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with &s;carification; and if he will not admit of the&s;e, then 'tis be&s;t to go away and do nothing at all. But in other Di|&s;ea&s;es, where the nece&s;&s;ity of one or other is equal, we mu&s;t perform that which the Patient &s;hall choo&s;e: but unle&s;s you u&s;e either purging or Bleed|ing fir&s;t, we cannot provoke &s;weat or urine with|out hurt; for tho&s;e do not excu&s;e the nece&s;&s;ity of purging or Bleeding. But in &s;uch as are let Blood for a pain, fall or blow, we may &s;afely provoke &s;weat in&s;tead of Bleeding, which Nature of her own accord u&s;es to do with great relief. But when there is need of both Remedies and the Pa|tient refu&s;eth both, the difficulty is greater: we mu&s;t then follow <HI>A&euml;tius's</HI> coun&s;el <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;.</HI> 4. <HI>c.</HI> 17. <HI>Some are &s;o fearful and extremely &s;oft, that they cannot endure the name of either Bleeding or Purging: It were not only better, but al&s;o more fortunate, never to meet with any &s;uch: And yet if we be forced to take care of &s;uch Patients, we ought to pre|dict that they will be long troubled with pains, watchings, rackings of the Joints, e&s;pecially if the influx of the Blood be thick and much.</HI> Therefore ab&s;tinence is to be injoyned, indifferent &s;trong Cly&s;ters are to be injected; things are to be applied to the Navel,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. ibid. cap. 7.</NOTE> and when the Belly is loo&s;ened, we mu&s;t u&s;e di&s;cu&s;&s;ing oint|ments and frictions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Galen</HI> 4. <HI>de &s;an. tuend. c.</HI> 4. &s;ays thus: If any ei|ther through age or fearfulne&s;s will by no means yield to be bled, the &s;ame mu&s;t be more largely purged; or if he be afraid of that al&s;o, what is &s;uperfluous mu&s;t be drawn forth &s;ome other way. From which it is clear, that where the Di&s;ea&s;e re|quires Bleeding, if the &s;trength cannot bear it, or becau&s;e of age or for &s;ome other rea&s;on we may not undertake it, then we mu&s;t u&s;e purging which may evacuate Choler, Melancholy and Phlegm: for 'tis better that Blood alone &s;hould &s;uperabound, than that the other Humours &s;hould do &s;o as well as it; And moreover part of the plenitude is taken away by purging, and the Humours are more readily ventilated. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e depend both on a <HI>plethora</HI> and C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cochymie, for this the Belly is to be purged more freely than it would need if we had leave to open a vein,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Pr. Hi&s;t. p. 569.</NOTE> namely that purging alone may &s;upply the place of both evacuations.</P>
<P>&para; If phlebotomie cannot be made, whether can purgation alone, or &s;parene&s;s of Diet, or exerci&s;e, frictions or &s;weating &s;upply its place? I believe its place may be &s;upplied if there be no Fever pre&s;ent,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan in Ench. Au|gen. tom. 1. Epi&s;tol. p. 77.</NOTE> e&s;pecially by &s;uch things as exhau&s;t the <HI>Serum</HI> out of the Veins: for by this means the Veins being emptied, the re&s;t of the Body may be extenuated; and this foreign Nations do, which are afraid of Bleeding.</P>
<P N="69">LXIX. Two things hinder a Cacochymie from being ea&s;ily taken away by purging; The one, when the Body is not liquid and fit for expul&s;ion; The other, when the noxious Humour tends not at all towards the ways of purging. That Body is not liquid, wherein the noxious Humour is im|moderately thick or vi&s;cous and not at all fluxile, or wherein there is &s;o great an ob&s;truction of the Liver or lower Veins, that there is hardly a way open by which the Humour can be derived out of the Veins by the Belly: In &s;uch ca&s;e therefore the noxious Humour that is &s;hut up is to be taken away by Vene&s;ection, le&s;t being turgent there with fury as it were, and intercepted in the pa&s;&s;a|ges, it &s;hould break in upon &s;ome noble part and fa&s;ten it &s;elf there. The other impediment of pur|ging a Cacochymie is, when the part affected is &s;eated &s;o far from the ways of purgation, that the noxious Humour cannot be di&s;&s;olved and derived into them: in which event and condition of things a large and apparent Vein is directed, which &s;hall be opened if the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e and &s;ymp|tom per&s;uade.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nel. lib. ratione. de vacuandi ratione.</NOTE> So if a phlegmatick de&s;tillation ru&s;hing upon the <HI>fauces</HI> or Lungs be like to &s;uffo|cate, it is taken away by vene&s;ection.</P>
<P>&para; 'Tis more convenient to u&s;e Bleeding before Purging, than this before that: for <HI>this loo&s;ens</HI> the wayes, which the Body needs very much in
<PB N="823" REF="375"> order to its being purged; the <HI>other</HI> weakens the &s;trength, than which there is nothing more dange|rous in order to bleeding. Again, impurity re&s;i&s;ts not bleeding, but repletion hinders purging. There|fore 'tis more unprofitable to let Blood that is al|ready purged than before it was purged, unle&s;s it happen that by the purging there is rai&s;ed a new heat in the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> (which chiefly falls out when a &s;ufficient bleeding did not precede) for then no|thing is more advi&s;eable than to bleed after purging. Otherwi&s;e when there is need of both evacuations, bleeding mu&s;t precede for the afore&s;aid rea&s;ons. Whence again it comes to pa&s;s that bleeding alone does oftener perform the cure than purging alone, namely becau&s;e that evacuation is the fir&s;t in or|der: and it is more natural that that which is lat|ter &s;hould &s;ucceed that which is fir&s;t, than that which is fir&s;t, that which is latter: Therefore up|on bleeding, the Body is often Purged on Nature's own accord either by a Loo&s;ne&s;s, Vomit or Sweat following thereupon: But upon purging the Body there &s;eldom u&s;es to follow a flux of Blood, unle&s;s &s;ometimes the men&s;truous,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 2. c. 3.</NOTE> nay neither can the Body be well purged when the chanels are full.</P>
<P>&para; It is manife&s;t indeed that in every kind of re|pletion of the Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially a Plethorick, if we fir&s;t evacuate the Body by bleeding, the Purge that we give afterwards &s;hall find the Veins and Pa&s;&s;ages of the Body not &s;o filled and ob&s;tructed, but that its vertue, by the guidance of Nature, may penetrate through the whole bulk of the Bo|dy, and with great ea&s;ine&s;s bring forth the noxious Humours: But if the Ve&s;&s;els be filled with Blood or other Humours, and the Veins about the Liver and Me&s;enterie be ob&s;tructed, the Purge will cau&s;e intolerable Gripings, and Faintings, and will pull the Veins indeed; but draw nothing there|from worth &s;peaking of. Wherefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in almo&s;t all acute Di&s;ea&s;es (4. <HI>acut.</HI>) wherein the Hu|mours are not turgent, in a Phlegmon and other internal Tumors and Apo&s;tems of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> and in &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es as have all the Humours increa&s;ed in an equal proportion, begins the cure with vene|&s;ection, if the Strength and Age of the Patient give leave. But if only one of tho&s;e Humours abound, or be putrefied, or there be but a &s;mall quantity of good Blood, and it be overcome by the plenty of other Humours, then he begins evacuation fir&s;t with purging. In the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of this Contro|ver&s;ie, we (with <HI>Avicen</HI>) name tho&s;e Purgers that purge electively, who&s;e vertue is di&s;per&s;ed be|yond the Liver, through the whole Body: But we do not reject the u&s;e of tho&s;e which they call <HI>Lenitives,</HI> and Cly&s;ters made of them and of a Decoction of Medicines that open Ob&s;tructions and incide vi&s;cous Humours; I &s;ay we do not reject the u&s;e of the&s;e before bleeding and pur|ging, for wa&s;hing away the filth of the Stomach and Inte&s;tins, le&s;t the vertue of the Purger be de|&s;troyed thereby, and le&s;t for avoiding <HI>vacuum</HI> they enter the Veins emptied by Phlebotomy, that the ob&s;tructed pa&s;&s;ages of the Veins of the Me&s;enterie may be al&s;o opened by the&s;e. Yet the right ad|mini&s;tration of all the&s;e things depends on the conjectural Judgment of the Prudent Phy&s;ician.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Langius Ep. 17. l. 1.</NOTE></P>
<P>&para; What we have &s;aid of Bleeding before Purging has place chiefly when the Di&s;ea&s;e to be cured is urgent, and there is danger in delay. But when there is nothing urgent, and the Phy&s;ician has time enough to do by degrees all that is requi&s;ite, 'tis no great matter where he begins the cure, whether with Bleeding, or Purging and evacuating the of|fending Humours, though I am of opinion, unle&s;s peculiar rea&s;ons di&s;&s;uade, that 'tis always &s;afer to begin the cure with Bleeding, as often as there is occa&s;ion for letting it forth al&s;o; I &s;ay unle&s;s pecu|liar rea&s;ons di&s;&s;uade: Thus when <HI>the Air is wet and moi&s;t,</HI> as 'tis &s;afer and more convenient then to Purge than Bleed, &s;o Purging &s;hall be u&s;ed in the fir&s;t place: And on the contrary, when <HI>the weather is fair,</HI> Bleeding is performed with better &s;ucce&s;s; on which account the more Prudent Phy&s;icians wi&s;h and ob&s;erve fair weather for vene&s;ection. So as often as much Phlegm and Choler abound in the Body, and there is therefore greater need of Pur|ging than Bleeding, 'tis better then to premi&s;e Purging, and that indeed more than once, be|fore a Vein be opened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe Prax. l. 3. c. 4.</NOTE> becau&s;e it is not &s;uppo|&s;ed that the Blood abounds then &s;o much as other Humours.</P>
<P N="70">LXX. If there be a fault in the Humours (as is u&s;ual) from a mixture of a Plenitude and a Caco|chymie, it requires very mature advice as being a very difficult ca&s;e. The fir&s;t thing to be con&s;ider'd is the difference of the Humours that are collected in the Veins; for when either <HI>Plethora</HI> prevails, Blood &s;hall be let largely till it be reduced to me|diocrity; this one Remedy ea&s;ily lightens and re|creates the burthened &s;trength or vital faculty without prejudice, nor is there then any occa&s;ion for Bleeding. But when the Veins are filled with an impure Blood, &s;uppo&s;e the fault be from a mix|ture of a Plenitude and Cacochymie, it requires both kinds of evacuation. La&s;tly, if the Blood that fills the Veins be too hot and mixt with much Choler, Blood is pre&s;ently to be let, but more &s;pa|ringly than in a &s;imple <HI>Plethora,</HI> only &s;o far as to prevent the dangers of Plenitude: And that which remains, requires to be driven forth, not by vene|&s;ection, but Purging; which &s;hall be done more &s;afely after taking away &s;ome Blood, both becau&s;e the Body is cooled by Bleeding, and al&s;o becau&s;e the fear of encrea&s;ing the di&s;turbance or ob&s;truction is now taken away. <HI>See before,</HI> &sect; 4, 5. of a Phleg|matick and Melancholick Plenitude. If (as we may &s;ee in Quotidian Agues and other Phlegmatick Di|&s;ea&s;es) nece&s;&s;ity often cau&s;e us to let Blood, it is to be done &s;paringly and dividedly, as the &s;trength and continuance of the Di&s;ea&s;e permit. La&s;tly, eve|ry Plenitude, defiled with the mixture of Phlegm, Choler or Melancholy, or &s;ome other Humour, does fir&s;t indeed require Bleeding, but in &s;uch a quanti|ty as the nature of the Cacochymie &s;hall permit; and then the Belly is to be loo&s;ened, that the noxious Humour that remains, may more fitly be purged off. But if there &s;eem to be a great Cacochymie, we mu&s;t attentively examine whether a Fever be kindled by it, or not: for if there be, we mu&s;t be|gin with Bleeding without delay, and put off Pur|ging, till there be occa&s;ion for it, <HI>viz.</HI> when there has been Concoction (unle&s;s the Humours be tur|gent:) If not, we may bleed indeed, (if there be a Plenitude, though but &s;mall) but we mu&s;t Purge the more largely and quickly. La&s;tly, the le&s;s Blood is to be let, by how much the Cacochymie prevails, becau&s;e in that con&s;titution of the Body and Di&s;ea&s;e the vital faculty u&s;es not to be &s;o firm: on which account, unle&s;s the Veins be full above mea&s;ure, and great danger be impendent, or the ca&s;e happen to be as we have &s;aid, a &s;light Purging &s;hall &s;upply the place of bleeding, and that often re|peated, e&s;pecially if the Patient be afraid of being bled. But if it happen that a Plenitude and Cacochy|mie be equal, we mu&s;t not, as &s;ome think, begin indif|ferently with either purging or bleeding, but in &s;uch ca&s;e it will be fit to con&s;ider whether this Plenitude of the Ve&s;&s;els cau&s;e Ob&s;truction, which requires that vene&s;ection &s;hould precede upon a double account; both becau&s;e we mu&s;t take away &s;uch ob&s;tructions before Purging, which in the ca&s;e put &s;hall be more conveniently done by Bleeding; and al&s;o, becau&s;e this ob&s;truction hinders Purging Medicines: for whil'&s;t the ob&s;truction and plenitude remain, the vertue of the Medicine cannot penetrate, e&s;pecially &s;eeing a purging Medicine does both by its heat and attractive faculty exagitate the Humours and di&s;turb the Body; which when it is Plethorick, falls into greater danger, whereby it comes to pa&s;s
<PB N="824" REF="376"> that Bleeding ought by all means to precede, <HI>Galen</HI> affirming the &s;ame <HI>l.</HI> 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>ad Glanc. c. ult.</HI> who bids us begin with that without which we cannot &s;afely perform the other. Nor is this enough as yet, but we mu&s;t al&s;o con&s;ider whether a Fever ari&s;e from &s;uch Plenitude and Cacochymie, for this gives us a more certain hint that we &s;hould bleed fir&s;t, unle&s;s &s;ome of tho&s;e things which <HI>Galen</HI> reckons up gain|&s;ay; for when the Plenitude is dimini&s;hed, what|&s;oever putrid, or otherwi&s;e tainted Humours re|main, we may the more ea&s;ily afterwards draw them forth by a convenient Region: But in others, while the faults of both are equal, and there is no Fever pre&s;ent, it will not be improper to begin with either, &s;o long as one is not more the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e than the other,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Prae&s;id. lib. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> for in &s;uch ca&s;e we mu&s;t begin the cure at the greater cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="71">LXXI. The &s;ooner we bleed the better, and therefore there is the chief and greate&s;t occa&s;ion for it in the beginning: wherefore tho&s;e erre greatly who always begin their cures with Purging, and take great care to u&s;e it before bleeding from any light &s;u&s;picion of crudities. Indeed 'tis mo&s;t cer|tain that the abundance of crude Humours in the Belly is an impediment for bleeding, becau&s;e they are &s;natched from thence by the newly emptied Veins, and being &s;natched, either by lighting in|to narrow pa&s;&s;ages they cau&s;e ob&s;tructions of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> or being carried into wider they fill the whole Body with crudities and vitiate the Blood, or cau&s;e both: and doubtle&s;s the&s;e ought to be concocted or evacuated before bleeding. For which rea&s;on, believing that the Belly can be cleared of crudities no other way, they Purge always before vene&s;ection; whereas <HI>Hippocrates</HI> (1. <HI>de vict. acut.</HI> 41. <HI>&amp;</HI> 4.36.) thought that in a manife&s;t &s;atiety it was enough to pa&s;s one day without eating, or to u&s;e a Cly&s;ter: whence all others almo&s;t now adays take always care to empty the Guts by a Cly&s;ter an hour or two before bleeding, namely le&s;t the thin parts of the <HI>faeces</HI> &s;hould be derived into the Blood and taint it. Which though it be more tolerable than while the Ve&s;&s;els are yet full, to di&s;turb the whole Body by Purging; yet be&s;ides that it is undertaken to no purpo&s;e &s;ave where the Guts ap|pear manife&s;tly full and there is a &s;en&s;e of weight in them, it is not without harm, and &s;ometimes &s;uch as is very great: For many being not &s;uffi|ciently evacuated by the Medicine newly taken; the Belly is di&s;turbed in the very bleeding, and they faint away un&s;ea&s;onably, &s;o that the bleeding is hindred and the faculties very much weakened. Wherefore I u&s;e no &s;uch Cly&s;ter, unle&s;s when there is a peculiar and manife&s;t nece&s;&s;ity thereof, as when any of the afore&s;aid things is pre&s;ent; and if I be to u&s;e it, I cau&s;e it to be admini&s;tred, not near the bleeding, but a long time before; namely that the motion which it rai&s;es may fir&s;t have been layed, e&s;pecially &s;eeing bleeding it &s;elf u&s;es to move the Humours of the Body, which often are carried of their own accord into the Belly: Which motion being added to the former which the Cly&s;ter had rai&s;ed, becomes too great, and before the bleeding is ended brings the &s;aid dangers. Wherefore I think it far more advi&s;eable, where the weakne&s;s of the faculty hinders not, to u&s;e a Cly&s;ter pre&s;ently after bleeding, that, when the bleeding has been ma|nag'd well, that which has been moved and agi|tated by it, may be drawn into the Inte&s;tins and evacuated by them: which we have often &s;een to &s;ucceed &s;o well, that a man is evacuated and pur|ged without taking a purging Medicine: But then let the faculty be firm, for if either the Guts be not manife&s;tly burthened, or the faculty not very firm, I will u&s;e no Cly&s;ter neither before, nor af|ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. lib. 4. cap. 2.</NOTE> contenting my &s;elf with bleeding alone that day.</P>
<P N="72">LXXII. <HI>Fernelius</HI> gives good advice (<HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>de &s;. m. cap.</HI> 4.) <HI>Nor do I after the manner of the unskilful pre&s;ently command bleeding, if the No&s;e do but drop a little Blood, or the &V;rine look ruddy: for the Blood is apt to bur&s;t forth not only from Plenitude, and becau&s;e Nature attempts that eva|cuation, but from many other cau&s;es. For &s;uch as have the mouths of the Veins eaten a&s;under, or in whom the</HI> vi&s;cera <HI>and e&s;pecially the Liver is grown weak and &s;cirrhous, often bleed at the No&s;e, as hydropical Per&s;ons u&s;e to do.</HI></P>
<P N="73">LXXIII. Some ob&s;erve certain days to be un|fortunate and unhappy both for purging and blee|ding: But I have oft found by Experience that &s;uch ob&s;ervations are nothing worth: Fir&s;t, becau&s;e the Heaven is an univer&s;al cau&s;e which acts not un|le&s;s the particular cau&s;es be well di&s;po&s;ed: Second|ly, becau&s;e A&s;trological Judgments are very un|certain, various, ambiguous and deluding tho&s;e that make them, through the diver&s;ity of the neare&s;t cau&s;es:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Augen. de Ve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> Sect. l. 8. c. 18.</NOTE> Therefore 'tis ra&s;h to admit of an A&s;trolo|gical Judgment in a &s;ick Per&s;on, when occa&s;ion is very urgent. &para; Seeing the cour&s;e of the Moon for the mo&s;t part cau&s;es damages and detriments unto infirm Bodies, it may be brought into di&s;pute, whe|ther a Vein may be opened in that part, wherein the Moon abides? For mo&s;t are fearful in this thing, nor dare they attempt any &s;uch thing, be the Di|&s;ea&s;e never &s;o urgent, and require &s;uch a Reme|dy never &s;o &s;peedily. But I think that it ought to be attempted maturely without trepidation and with great confidence of relief and driving away the Di&s;ea&s;e; for acute and &s;wift Di&s;ea&s;es admit of no truce or delay.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Levin. Lerun. l. de occ. Na|tur. Mirac. 4. c. 15. <HI>Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> more in</HI> Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> de Villano|va, Guido, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">oubertus, Botallus, He|urnius, Clau|dinus, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></NOTE> Nor ought any one to be de|terred or de&s;i&s;t from his undertaking, though he attempt it while &s;ome Planet is adver&s;e or malig|nant. Thus in a Pleu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;ie, Quin&s;ie, Inflammation of the Lungs and Liver, neglecting the &s;crupulous Ob&s;ervation of the Stars and A&s;pect of the Planets, we mu&s;t ha&s;ten maturely to vene&s;ection, even in that Part which the Moon is po&s;&s;e&s;t of.</P>
<P N="74">LXXIV. 'Tis ridiculous that &s;ome will let Blood only from &s;even till twelve: For &s;ays <HI>Galen l. de &s;ang. mi&s;. c.</HI> 10. Fear not to let Blood even in the night; yea on what day &s;oever you find indications for bleeding, do it, though it be the Twentieth day from the beginning, if &s;o be the faculty con&s;ent. And <HI>cap.</HI> 11. he bids us open a Vein at any hour of the day or night,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">. m. ad Prax. l. 3. c. 9.</NOTE> if &s;o be in Fevers or Agues it be done in the remi&s;&s;ion of the Pa|roxy&s;ms.</P>
<P N="75">LXXV. Though nece&s;&s;ity urge, if the Patient have newly eaten, let bleeding be deferr'd a little till the fre&s;h juice of the Victuals be pa&s;t into the Blood; for the Veins being emptied will &s;natch into them&s;elves the Chyme that is not only crude, but oft incongruous and unproportionate to the Blood: whence not only its motion is di&s;turb'd, but the vital flame al&s;o is &s;ometimes in danger to be &s;mother'd. I have known &s;ome that having been let Blood after drinking too freely of vinous Liquors, have faln into terrible fainting Fits, that have la&s;ted very long till the vital Spirit, being half overturned, hath recover'd it &s;elf again.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="76">LXXVI. A&s;&s;oon as the quantity of the Blood to be let is re&s;olv'd upon, then the next care ought to be, that by making a large orifice the &s;ame may flow out equally mixt in as little time as may be: for otherwi&s;e if it &s;hall i&s;&s;ue forth at a little hole, either drop by drop, or in a &s;mall thread, the ma&s;s of Blood fermenting will &s;ever into Parts, and that which is &s;ubtil and more &s;pirituous will &s;purt forth, the thicker and &s;eculent part &s;taying behind. Whence we may ob&s;erve that if Blood be at any time let out of a large orifice with a full &s;tream, and be &s;topt a little by laying ones finger upon the hole, and then be &s;uffer'd to flow again a little after, the Blood that comes out at the &s;econd time will be far purer and brighter than that which came forth at fir&s;t, namely becau&s;e in the interval
<PB N="825" REF="376"> of the efflux the more &s;ubtil Particles being ex|tricated out of the thicker and united together, have prepared them&s;elves for flying out. Where|fore if <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s Precept, to let Blood till it change colour, be to be ob&s;erved, we mu&s;t &s;ee that it run out &s;peedily with a full, and uninterrupted &s;tream.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="77">LXXVII. Why does bleeding by a <HI>large Orifice</HI> cool more than bleeding by a <HI>&s;trait,</HI> when the quantity of the Blood that is let is equal? Becau&s;e there is made a more &s;udden change in the Body when the Blood is poured forth by a large hole: namely becau&s;e there is a greater withdrawing of the Blood that is a returning to the Heart, whence there en&s;ues a le&s;s influx of Blood from the Heart into the whole Body, and hence all the Parts are cooled. Add hereunto that the quick withdrawing of Blood is follow'd by a &s;ad &s;en&s;ation in the heart, and from thence with a &s;traitne&s;s thereof, likewi&s;e with a le&s;s efferve&s;cence of the Blood, its expan|&s;ion being hindred, all which things le&s;&s;en the heat in the Heart and the whole Body. Moreover by a quick and ha&s;ty evacuation of Blood tran&s;piration is more promoted than by a &s;low. Whence con|clude, that Vene&s;ection by a large orifice cools more, not becau&s;e thicker Blood is then poured forth, but becau&s;e it flows forth quickly: For the Blood that is poured forth by a narrow orifice is as thick as that which i&s;&s;ues out by a large, (&s;eeing none will deny that all the Blood is percolated through the capillary Veins; wherefore the ori|fice can never be &s;o &s;mall, but its width will ex|ceed that of the capillary Veins) only it comes out more &s;lowly, which is common al&s;o to that which is more thin. I wonder that tho&s;e who think other|wi&s;e have not ob&s;erved in their Hypothe&s;is, that the thinner Blood is the more hot, which there|fore if it were let out by a &s;trait orifice, and the thick retained, the Body &s;hould be more cooled, than when the thick and le&s;s hot is pou|red forth.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Bayle Probl. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="78">LXXVIII. Tho&s;e who let Blood &s;hould ob&s;erve the &s;ituation of the Valves, for the Vein ought to be opened a good way from them: for if it be opened ju&s;t by a Valve, the Blood either does not flow out rightly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Challov. de Orig. &amp; Met. Sang.</NOTE> or not at all, yea &s;ometimes there ri&s;es a bump from clotted Blood.</P>
<P N="79">LXXIX. Have a care you open not a Vein near its Ana&s;tomo&s;is with an Artery; for if this be done, the Blood being all of a &s;carlet-colour will &s;purt forth impetuou&s;ly, and its efflux is not ea&s;ily &s;tayed, nor is the orifice of the ve&s;&s;el &s;oon &s;hut.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="80">LXXX. If when we have occa&s;ion to bleed, the Vein do not appear, a large Cupping-gla&s;s with much flame is to be fixt upon the Part, and that will make the Vein &s;hew it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="81">LXXXI. Some e&s;teem &s;o much of the fir&s;t time one is let Blood, that they will not u&s;e it but in great ca&s;es, becau&s;e they think that, like an unu|&s;ual and fir&s;t Remedy, it may cure a man of great Di&s;ea&s;es: whereas yet very skilful Phy&s;icians write on the contrary, that men &s;uffer more by &s;uch things as they are unaccu&s;tomed to. Thus <HI>Galen</HI> 14. <HI>Meth. cap.</HI> 8. did not let an Old man Blood that had a hot Tumour upon his Tongue, becau&s;e he had not been u&s;ed to it. Therefore, &s;ay they, he that has been u&s;ed to be let Blood, if &s;o be his fa|culties be not as yet impaired by frequent evacua|tion, the &s;ame will bear it more chearfully and lightly than he that has not been &s;o u&s;ed. But the vulgar opinion &s;eems to be ju&s;tified by what <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> writes 3. <HI>Aph.</HI> 28. of the fir&s;t eruption of the Terms and the fir&s;t Copulation: And &s;ays <HI>Cel&s;us, (lib.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1.) <HI>If any kinds of Di&s;ea&s;es have happened in Infancy, and end neither when a Man comes to maturity,</HI> nor upon the <HI>fir&s;t Coitions, nor in a Woman upon the fir&s;t flowing of her Terms, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;ame are generally of long continuance:</HI> And &s;peaking of the Epilep&s;ie, <HI>If,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>Remedies have not removed it, Coition in Boyes, and the flux of the Terms in Girles does cure it. Pliny</HI> al&s;o &s;ays <HI>l.</HI> 8. <HI>c.</HI> 24. That ma|ny kinds of Di&s;ea&s;es are cured upon the fir&s;t coition, and upon the fir&s;t flowing of the Terms: or if that do not happen, they are then of long conti|nuance; and e&s;pecially the Falling-Sickne&s;s. Add hereto <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s authority, who 3 <HI>Epid. &s;ect.</HI> 2. <HI>aegr.</HI> 12. writing of a Maid of <HI>Lari&s;a</HI> that labour'd under a &s;ore Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ays that it was judged (or ended) on the &s;ixth day, and returned not again, which certainly was a rare and wonderful thing: But this he a&s;cribes to her Terms which then broke of her for the fir&s;t time, when &s;he had the Fever, and it was now judged. Therefore that is not alto|gether vain which is vulgarly &s;poke of the fir&s;t let|ting of Blood.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rub. in c. 10. lib. 2. Cel&s;i.</NOTE></P>
<P N="82">LXXXII. We mu&s;t take &s;ome Broth half an hour before Vene&s;ection according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s advice, <HI>Lib. de &V;lcer. A Vein is to be opened when a man has dined and drunk more liberally or more &s;paringly, and is a little warmed.</HI> Some Arabians will have the mouth of the Stomach to be fenced and &s;trengthened with a little Meat, e&s;pecially in tho&s;e who have a weak Sto|mach, or its orifice of a more acute &s;en&s;e, and are otherwi&s;e weak: the innate heat is di&s;&s;olved by the letting out of the Blood, and the cholerick Humours rage more when their bridle is taken off, whence there is darger of Swoonings. There is given either Bread dipt in the juice of Pome|granats, or &s;imple water with Sugar and the juice of Lemons for a Stomach that is weak from an hot intemperature, or has bitter Choler floating up|on it: Some give a cup of cold water to drink, and &s;o prevent fainting away in &s;uch as are &s;ubject to it through &s;wift motions of the mind. <HI>Galen Comment. in lib. de &V;lcer.</HI> &s;eems to di&s;&s;ent, advi&s;ing to defer Vene&s;ection &s;o long as may &s;eem &s;ufficient for the Concoction of the Victuals, and that the Excrements of the Belly may have while to de|&s;cend. <HI>Rha&s;es (l. de v. &s;. cucurb.</HI> &amp;c.) &s;ays, whil&s;t the Victuals are not dige&s;ted in the Stomach, or ex|pelled by the Guts, either &s;pontaneou&s;ly or by a Cly&s;ter, let there be no letting of Blood, le&s;t &s;omething be attracted of that which is in the Sto|mach and Guts, to the Liver and its pa&s;&s;ages, and is as yet crude. Others alledge that the u&s;e of Meat before is inconvenient, denying the validity of that Argument that is taken from the impairing of the Faculties. The Bodies of all Sick Per&s;ons are not weakened, or re&s;olved by bleeding: &s;uch as are oppre&s;&s;ed with a burthen of Plenitude or Cacochymie are rendred more light&s;om. They al&s;o reject drinking of water before Vene&s;ection, &s;eeing <HI>Avicen</HI> teacheth, that he that drinks cold wa|ter before or after bleeding may fear a Drop&s;ie becau&s;e of the water's being &s;natched into the Veins. The truth &s;eems to per&s;uade one to approve of the u&s;e of Broths: the&s;e may refre&s;h Nature both by way of prevention and cure: Julaps, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be u&s;ed al&s;o as well as the&s;e. A draught only of Water or Beer, or a potcht Egg, can produce no harm. To the Rea&s;ons I an&s;wer, 1. The impairing of the Faculties is not &s;o &s;light in tho&s;e who are unaccu&s;tomed to bleeding, and in the infirm. 2. The more &s;paring u&s;e of Broths, Julaps, a mouthful of Bread dipt in Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> cau&s;es no dan|ger of crudity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. ibid. c. 6.</NOTE> <HI>Avicen</HI> &s;peaks of an immoderate draught of water.</P>
<P N="83">LXXXIII. It is di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by &s;ome later Phy&s;i|cians, how long we mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Meat after bleeding? <HI>Galen</HI> after having bled a Young man &s;ick of a <HI>Synochus</HI> without Putrefaction, gave him &s;ome food two hours after: Others have &s;aid that we may allow Victuals one hour or two after bleeding, though not much. But this is a thing for the Phy|&s;ician to gue&s;s at, according to the quantity of the Blood that is let and the &s;trength of the Patient's Faculties: For <HI>Galen</HI> &s;taid two hours, becau&s;e he let Blood very plentifully, whereby his &s;trength and &s;pirits were weakened, &s;o that he fain<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ed
<PB N="826" REF="377"> away; wherefore the Stomach was not to be bur|thened with Meat at that time. But we that bleed far more &s;paringly, and do not &s;o dimini&s;h the heat, &s;pirits and &s;trength, have no rea&s;on to tarry &s;o long: wherefore one hour will be enough, when le&s;s than a pound of Blood has been taken; half an hour, when le&s;s than half a pound; for the Parts are but little drained, and but a few Spirits are exhau&s;ted, and there is made but a &s;mall agitation of the Humours. The habit of the Body ought al&s;o to come into con&s;ideration, as it more or le&s;s abounds with Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus.</NOTE> and is more or le&s;s den&s;e.</P>
<P N="84">LXXXIV. Some avoid giving their Patient any thing to drink after bleeding; but <HI>Amatus Lu&s;itanus</HI> proves that it is not hurtful, but whol&s;om, or|dering him to drink pre&s;ently &s;ome cold water: For by rea&s;on of the Veins being emptied it is pre|&s;ently di&s;tributed into the Body, and cools it more ea&s;ily, quickly and &s;afely.</P>
<P N="85">LXXXV. Some Phy&s;icians forbid &s;leeping after Vene&s;ection, becau&s;e they believe that the Blood retires to the Heart, which yet is not always true, unle&s;s perhaps the bleeding have been immoderate, or the Patient be in danger of &s;wooning through fearfulne&s;s. Be&s;ides, no rea&s;on per&s;wades that &s;uch retiring of the Blood is pernicious; for the Blood u&s;es in &s;leep to retire to about the <HI>Praecordia,</HI> to the great recruiting of Nature: And how great benefit Sleep when it comes does to tho&s;e Sick Per&s;ons that have had re&s;tle&s;s Nights, every one knows; for it recruits the faculties, and concocts the morbifick Humours; whence we are oft put upon u&s;ing Remedies to procure it. If therefore it come a little after bleeding, it will be good, both as a <HI>Sign,</HI> becau&s;e it &s;hews that Nature which was oppre&s;&s;ed is now relieved and performs the natural Functions; and as a <HI>Cau&s;e,</HI> becau&s;e when Sleep &s;ucceeds, Nature concocts the remainder of the morbifick Humour. Indeed Sleep hurts in the Inflammations of the internal <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> in the begin|ning of Ague-Fits, in Pe&s;tilential Di&s;ea&s;es: but why we may not &s;leep in other Di&s;ea&s;es, I &s;ee no rea&s;on. <HI>Galen</HI> writes that Sleep coming on does indicate the firmne&s;s of the Cri&s;is; for it happens &s;ometimes that the Patient &s;leeps a whole day after the Cri&s;is, if he were long without Sleep before, to the great comfort of Nature: yea it happens that the Patient &s;leeps &s;ometimes even in the very Cri&s;is. If Sleep therefore help when it comes after other evacuations, why &s;hould it not do &s;o al&s;o after bleeding? Yea if a man may &s;afely be let Blood when he is actually a&s;leep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. Meth 9. c. 14.</NOTE> what hurt can Sleep do pre&s;ently after bleeding? <HI>Galen</HI> e&s;teems it as a good &s;ign when the Patient falls fa&s;t a&s;leep after bleeding. If any &s;ay, that Sleep is therefore forbid le&s;t the bandage &s;hould come loo&s;e; that is nothing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulg error. l. 4. c. 26.</NOTE> for by the diligent care of tho&s;e who wait on the Patient, and right tying of the Fillet, that may be prevented.</P>
<P N="86">LXXXVI. I my &s;elf have &s;een a &s;imple Deco|ction of cri&s;ped Mint &s;top the circular motion of the Blood &s;o, that not a drop of it would i&s;&s;ue out of the Foot, though the Surgeon thru&s;t his Lancet deep enough three or four times into the mo&s;t apparent branches of the <HI>Saphana</HI> in the Foot for bringing down the Terms in a certain Woman, for whom her Maid had prepared a Decoction of Mint in&s;tead of common water to hold her feet in. Whereupon &s;he was bid to provide &s;im|ple water, into which her Mi&s;tre&s;s put her feet to above the ankles,<NOTE PLACE="marg">S. Paul. Qua|dr. Botan. p. 396.</NOTE> and then the Vein be|ing cut again by the ankle, the blood i&s;&s;ued forth.</P>
<P N="87">LXXXVII. In the Di&s;ea&s;es of Children and Women with Child the Phy&s;ician con&s;ults well for him&s;elf and his Patients, if him&s;elf be pre|&s;ent when they are to be bled: for tho&s;e who are intru&s;ted with that operation, being too bold do &s;uffer the blood to i&s;&s;ue out too largely: and if any unfortunate thing happen,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phryg. com|ment. in aegr. 8. Epid. Hip|poc. pag. 147.</NOTE> 'tis pre|&s;ently a&s;cribed to the Phy&s;ician, though it be very evident to &s;en&s;e that the Arti&s;t mi&s;took.</P>
<P N="88">LXXXVIII. When a Nerve or Tendon is prick|ed by the Unskilfulne&s;s of the Blood-letter, &s;ee the Cure thereof under the title of <HI>Convul&s;ion, lib.</HI> 3.</P>
<P N="89">LXXXIX. A Nobleman having a trouble&s;ome Tetter, and fixing Leeches in the Morning upon the Part affected, when the Blood bur&s;ting forth to almo&s;t three Pound could be &s;tanched by no|thing could be done, <HI>Prevotius,</HI> having wa&s;hed the little holes the Leeches had made, with an a&s;trin|gent white Wine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhodius Cent. 3. Ob&s;. 71.</NOTE> cau&s;ed to be laid upon them with good &s;ucce&s;s <HI>Galen</HI>'s re&s;tringent Ointment of bole Armene and Hares wool.</P>
<P N="90">XC. Not only the &s;imple opening of a Vein is profitable, but al&s;o the cutting of them quite a&s;un|der avails to intercept many kinds of Defluxions. The cutting a&s;under of the Vein of the Forehead is the only Remedy to take away malignant De|fluxions upon the No&s;trils, as &s;ome have experi|mented: So that I do not wonder that the an|cient Phy&s;icians, in Inflammations of the Eyes, bleereyedne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> ordered the cutting a&s;under of the Forehead and Temple-veins. <HI>A&euml;tius</HI> cut a&s;under the Forehead-veins for a continual watrine&s;s of the Eyes, and pains of the Megrim. <HI>Haly Abbas</HI> cuts tho&s;e behind the Ears a&s;under for curing a <HI>Vertigo.</HI> Yea the Exci&s;ions of the Veins of other Parts al&s;o are profitable for curing at once old and difficult Ulcers of the Legs and Arms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Now the ad|mini&s;tration is thus to be order'd; fir&s;t the Vein mu&s;t be made to appear as in ordinary Vene|&s;ection; then a crooked Steel or Silver Needle being thru&s;t under it, the Vein is rai&s;ed up, and then cut in &s;under by a Sickle-like or crooked Launcet thru&s;t in as deep as the Needle, the Vein being &s;uffer'd to bleed as in common Phle|botomy: but for the mo&s;t part in a &s;lender and thin Skin the Ve&s;&s;el &s;tands &s;o out, that it is not nece&s;&s;a|ry to thru&s;t a Needle in, but the Admini&s;tration may be performed by a Launcet alone that is very crooked towards the point:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sever. Med. Eff p. 67.</NOTE> I u&s;e daily to pra|cti&s;e this Piece of Surgery both ways.</P>
<P N="91">XCI. If the Orifice in Vene&s;ection be too &s;trait, it mu&s;t be widened; as in &s;toppage, or con&s;tipa|tion, that mu&s;t be removed which &s;tops or con|&s;tipates. But to amend the &s;traitne&s;s, there is greater skill and pains requi&s;ite than if the Vein had not at all been medled with; becau&s;e the Blood is pre&s;ently diffu&s;ed betwixt the Skin and the Vein, and driving the Skin higher &s;eparates it from the Vein. A&s;&s;oon therefore as the Skin about the Orifice ri&s;es into a Tumour, it mu&s;t pre|&s;ently be gently pre&s;&s;ed by your left Thumb, that the violence of the running Blood may be miti|gated and the ri&s;ing Tumour depre&s;&s;ed: then draw off your Thumb gently &s;o far as till the Orifice ap|pear, and you have room enough for the Launcet and the hand you hold it in: then put the Launcet gently and warily into the fir&s;t Orifice, which make as wide as it ought to be. But in this ope|ration we mu&s;t take heed that the Skin alone (which is u&s;ual) be not widened without the Vein, for then both the pains and pain would be to no purpo&s;e. Put the Launcet therefore moderately in|to the capacity of the Ve&s;&s;el it &s;elf, and en|large the Wound as much as is &s;ufficient. If the efflux of the Blood be hindred from the recour&s;e of the Skin, it is gently to be drawn back to the &s;ame place in which it was when the Vein was cut, that the divi&s;ion of it and of the Vein may hit together, and it is to be held there till the Blood have i&s;&s;ued out as you de|&s;ire.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leon. Botal. de &sect;. 11.</NOTE></P>
<P>&para; But it happens al&s;o that the Skin, or rather all that which lies above the Vein, &s;ometimes co|vers the orifice in the Vein, when yet the &s;ame
<PB N="827" REF="377"> was not removed out of its place: and that hap|pens when the Surgeon thru&s;ts his Launcet over &s;lopingly into a vain that lies deep, and lifts not up its point, but draws it out again the &s;ame way he thru&s;t it in: In this ca&s;e, to make the Blood flow (if the Vein be cut wide enough) the Skin is to be rai&s;ed up by putting a &s;lender probe or the head of a pin under it, or the Vein is to be lightly depre&s;t with the &s;ame probe or pin, till the Blood &s;hall have flowed out to your liking; for by this means the vein being thru&s;t from the Skin or the Skin rai&s;ed from the Vein, the Blood gains a pa&s;&s;age.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &sect;. 12.</NOTE></P>
<P N="92">XCII. When a fillet is tyed about any member, and the Vein that u&s;es to be found in that part, does not appear, but &s;omething that is round is felt deep under the Skin, of which you doubt whether it be a vain or not, pre&s;ently loo&s;en the fillet; and if it be a Vein, it al&s;o growing lax will fall down and be no longer perceived by your finger till you bind the member again: but if when the fillet is loo&s;ened, that which you touched feels as it did before when it was tyed, then u&s;e not your Launce<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, for it is not a Vein but a tendon, or the Head of a mu&s;cle, or &s;omething be&s;ide a Vein: And the Arteries beat where they are; whereby both their &s;ituation and depth become manife&s;t to even a meanly experienc'd Arti&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &sect;. 19.</NOTE></P>
<P N="93">XCIII. Patients often ask what Vein of the Arm they &s;hould have opened, becau&s;e they have heard &s;omething of the di&s;tribution of the Veins in the Arm, one of which they allot to the Head, ano|ther to the Liver, a third they make doubtful, pro|fitable to both the cavities, Belly and Head. Phy|&s;icians introduced this opinion before Anatomy was &s;o well cultivated as now it is, and many adhere to it &s;till: But it is certain, &s;eeing all the Veins of the Arm &s;pring forth of the &s;ame Branch, that they evacuate from the &s;ame parts; And that which is allotted to the Head empties no le&s;s from the Li|ver than that which is called <HI>Ba&s;ilica;</HI> though the <HI>Cephalica,</HI> becau&s;e &s;ometimes it receives a little Branch from the Head, is believed to profit more in the Di&s;ea&s;es thereof: yet both do equally help the Di&s;ea&s;es of the internal <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> and do equally withdraw Blood out of the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> and 'tis to no purpo&s;e to pitch upon one more than another, for they all draw Blood from the &s;ame fountain. Of this opinion are <HI>Ve&s;alius Anatom. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 8. <HI>Bauhin in Theatro, Fallopius, Bartholin, Hor&s;tius tract. de Scorbuto,</HI> and others.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s; de vulg. err. l. 4. c. 26.</NOTE> &para; If the rule of late <HI>dogmata</HI> be con|&s;ulted, the circular motion of the Blood takes a|way the choice of Veins: there is no prerogative of order among&s;t them, all the Veins enjoy a com|mon fate. The Blood always a&s;cends by the trunk of the <HI>Vena cava,</HI> and changes not its cour&s;e upon the opening of the Veins of Arm or Foot; but that which flows out, i&s;&s;ues from that part of the opened Vein that is below the orifice that is made in it, and that Veins's twigs in the extremities of the Hands and Foot do again receive the Arterial Blood. Therefore the parts affected are not emp|tied directly: No fruit can directly be expected from the opening of a Vein in the Arm or Foot, <HI>viz.</HI> of the <HI>Cephalica</HI> in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, though it be joyned by a particular Branch with the exter|nal Jugular: or of the <HI>Ba&s;ilica</HI> in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t, as the Pleuri&s;ie, though the &s;ame be joyned to the <HI>Thoracica</HI> in the Arm-pits.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. c. 15. &amp; l. de febr.</NOTE> &para; 'Tis all one which Vein you open, &s;o it be plain: yet this caution &s;hould be u&s;ed, That if the lower parts be ill, a lower Vein be opened; if the upper, an up|per: The Kidneys they otherwi&s;e place for the cen|ter of the Body as to its longitude, but this is better referr'd to the Heart:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeui. m. m. p. 80.</NOTE> Bleeding on the &s;ame &s;ide with the part affected is better than on the oppo|&s;ite; the cau&s;e lies in the Arteries, not in the Veins.</P>
<P N="94">XCIV. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 5. <HI>aph.</HI> 68. propounds the open|ing of the fore-head Vein, but the Body is to be diligently purged fir&s;t, otherwi&s;e it may become hurtful, &s;eeing it is a local Remedy: A man of thirty years old being troubled with a long Head|ach and Epileptick fits, by the advice of a Barbar &s;uffered him&s;elf to be let Blood in that Branch of the Vein of the fore-head which in &s;ome bends a little to the left &s;ide, without any preceding prepa|ration of the Body: But what came of it? His eye in that very moment lo&s;t its motion, and be|came fixt, unmoveable and &s;hut, an Inflammation aro&s;e in it, the pain in his head increa&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hild. Cent. 5. ob&s;. 18.</NOTE> and at length lo&s;ing his &s;peech he was with great difficulty recovered by the Phy&s;icians of <HI>Ba&s;il.</HI></P>
<P N="95">XCV. The <HI>I&s;chiadick</HI> Vein, which is found in the outer ankle, ought not to be cut but with the &s;tricte&s;t and fulle&s;t knowledge of the place, be|cau&s;e of the Artery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. p. 5. c. 5.</NOTE> Nerve and Tendon that lye near it.</P>
<P N="96">XCVI. The <HI>Jugular</HI> Vein is almo&s;t always open|ed in Cattel, as often as there is occa&s;ion for let|ting them Blood: 'tis &s;trange that the &s;ame cu&s;tom has not obtained in man, &s;eeing this Vein is large and eminent, and may be cut the mo&s;t ea&s;ily and &s;afely of all the Veins, becau&s;e it has neither an Artery for its companion, nor any Nerve near it. Moreover by opening this Vein there is made an univer&s;al evacuation of the Blood out of all the Bo|dy, as well as by opening any other, and withal an excellent derivation of it from the Head, &s;o that by it all &s;tagnations or collections of the Blood and <HI>Serum</HI> in the Brain are remedied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="97">XCVII. The Ancients opened the Jugular Veins in a de&s;perate Quin&s;ie which Remedy, though ap|proved of many Moderns al&s;o is almo&s;t grown out of u&s;e in our times in that it is though dangerous becau&s;e of the flux of Blood that can hardly be &s;tanched becau&s;e of the largene&s;s of the Ve&s;&s;els. But experience has taught that this operation is not &s;o dangerous if it be duly admini&s;tred; For fir&s;t the Head of the Patient ought to lean on one &s;ide as much as may be, &s;o that his chin may almo&s;t touch his &s;houlder; then the Vein is to be opened without ligature with a &s;trait orifice lengthways of the Ve&s;&s;el (for &s;o it clo&s;es more readily) and when you have taken as much Blood as you de&s;ire, by reducing the Head to its natural po&s;ture the Blood commonly &s;tanches of its own accord: But to make the matter &s;ure, <HI>Galen's</HI> pla&s;ter, made of Hare's wool, Aloes, Frankincen&s;e and the white of an Egg, is to be applied, and thereby the flux is certainly &s;topt. Of its efficacy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lazar. River. l. 6. c. 7. &amp; l. 1. c. 2.</NOTE> See <HI>Trallian. lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 1. <HI>Zacut. praz. adm. l.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 89. and o|thers.</P>
<P N="98">XCVIII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> opened the <HI>external Mammaries</HI> in inflammations and pains of the parts in' the Brea&s;t: But feeing they are ob&s;cure, this operation is now grown out of u&s;e; and in&s;tead thereof Leeches, or Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarification may be ap|plied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. p. 23<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="99">XCIX. Many Phy&s;icians advi&s;e to open the Veins of the No&s;e with a Launcet, and Leeches, but neither way is &s;afe: for &s;eeing they are not open to the &s;ight, the Surgeon may ea&s;ily mi&s;take; nor can the wound be &s;o bound up as in the &s;ub|cutaneous Veins: Nor is it &s;afe to put Leeches into the No&s;trils, &s;eeing they may ea&s;ily creep too far in and &s;tick &s;o ob&s;tinately, that they cannot be ea|&s;ily drawn out, and they may cau&s;e a great He|morrhage. In&s;tances are given by <HI>H. Saxon. l.</HI> 1. <HI>Pract. c.</HI> 2. <HI>Sennert. Pract. l.</HI> 1. <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 8. See <HI>Zacut. l.</HI> 1. <HI>hi&s;t. med. princ.</HI> 4. where you have a &s;tory of a Leeches creeping up the No&s;trils into the Brain, Yet in the year 1666. I &s;aw Leeches applied to the Veins of the No&s;e with good &s;ucce&s;s, in a young man ill of a phren&s;ie. Let the Surgeon hold the tail by a cour&s;e Linnen rag, and not let it go till the Leech be fa&s;ten'd, and &s;o they may be u&s;ed without dan|ger: If there follow too great an Hemorahage,
<PB N="828" REF="378"> it is ea&s;ily &s;tanched by &s;prinkling a&s;tringent Pow|ders upon it, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which apply to the extremities of the No&s;trils, and not to the more inward parts. &para; In the year 1674. the Jaundi&s;e was frequent among&s;t us: Some got them&s;elves to be let Blood in the <HI>apex</HI> or tip of the No&s;e, the &s;ooner to free their face from its full colour, which indeed I could not but laugh at at fir&s;t &s;ight, &s;eeing it is unu&s;ual with us: Yet I found that <HI>Galen</HI> commends the opening of this Vein in a continual pain of the Head; and <HI>Botallus</HI> l. <HI>Cur. rat. per &s;ang. mi&s;s.</HI> affirms that he has often at the per&s;ua&s;ion and in&s;tance of an Em|pirical Phy&s;ician, made u&s;e of it in old Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eyes, as al&s;o in long continuing pains of the Head; but that he has ob&s;erv'd it more profitable in redne&s;s of the No&s;e than in the above &s;aid di|&s;tempers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Car. Rag|g&egrave;r. Mi&s;cell. Cur. anni 76. ob&s;. 205.</NOTE> I have &s;ometimes order'd it to be o|pened in the Jaundi&s;e, but with doubtful &s;ucce&s;s; for tho&s;e were a&s;&s;oon cured, and recovered their former colour that had it not open'd, as tho&s;e that had.</P>
<P N="100">C. Sometimes the Veins of the No&s;e are opened by a Launcet, and &s;ometimes by Leeches, but I do not at all approve of this way. A Senator here at <HI>Padua</HI> once being ill of a burning Fever, had one Leech applied to his No&s;trils, which crept up into his Head, and the mi&s;erable Patient died of a too great Bleeding which the Leech cau&s;ed; for &s;he could by no means be either killed or drawn out again: And I was very much troubled at it, ha|ving &s;een the &s;ame thing happen at <HI>Venice</HI> former|ly.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Here. Saxon.</NOTE> &para; Great caution is to be u&s;ed in applying of Leeches to the No&s;trils, le&s;t they fa&s;ten upon &s;ome part that they &s;hould not. It happened at <HI>Rome</HI> in the year 1572. that a certain Surgeon would needs apply a Leech to one, which being &s;uppo|&s;ed to have fa&s;ten'd on the in&s;ide of the No&s;tril pe|netrated a while after to the very coats of the Brain and &s;taid there a long time, even till &s;he had killed the man, tho&s;e means that were made u&s;e of for drawing her forth doing no good.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Paulus Mag|nus.</NOTE>&para; Yet by the help of this Remedy I &s;aw a phren|&s;ie cured in the year 1666. in a <HI>Suitzerland</HI> youth of about 14 years old. But in the application let the&s;e cautions be ob&s;erved; fir&s;t that the Leech being held in a cour&s;e rag be not let go, till it appear that &s;he has fa&s;ten'd firmly to the extre|mity of the No&s;tril; &s;econdly, that the No&s;tril to which &s;he is applied be &s;queezed together with our fingers, that &s;he may be hindred from a&s;cend|ing or penetrating further.</P>
<P N="101">CI. The opening of the <HI>Vena poplitaea,</HI> u&s;ual here|tofore, is now out of u&s;e, yet it might be conve|niently opened if the Leg were plunged to above the Knee in a tub of hot water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. l. 5. c. 5. <HI>See</HI> Seve|rinus med. offic. p. 62.</NOTE> and chafed, as is u&s;ual in opening of the Veins of the foot. 'Tis ea&s;ie to find and &s;afe to cut below the hollow of the ham, at the beginning of the <HI>mu&s;culi Gemelli.</HI></P>
<P N="102">CII. The Veins under the tongue, or <HI>Raninae</HI> are often opened with good &s;ucce&s;s in Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>fauces</HI> and Head. <HI>Aurelianus</HI> alone (<HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>acut. c.</HI> 12.) hath di&s;approved hereof, becau&s;e the Head is filled hereby and the flux of Blood cannot be &s;topt. 'Tis true that the Blood hath flowed &s;o plentifully in &s;ome, that it has been very difficult to &s;top it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ibid.</NOTE> as was ob&s;erved in <HI>P. Capucinus.</HI> &para; If Preachers be troubled with an Inflammation of the Ton&s;ils, we ought not to open the <HI>Raninae,</HI> for &s;tammering often follows upon it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 158.</NOTE> &para; A young man ill of a Quin&s;ie died by opening the <HI>Raninae,</HI> becau&s;e while the Blood flow'd largely and through carele&s;ne&s;s he &s;pit none out, he was choaked by it. We mu&s;t therefore take heed that in &s;uch Vene&s;ection the Patient lye not &s;treight along, but bend a little forwards; for now that the ex|pul&s;ive faculty is weak, even a little Blood falling upon the weazand may choak.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dom. Pana|rol. Pente|co&s;t. 1. ob&s;. 50. Claud in.</NOTE> &para; The Veins un|der the tongue are to be opened lengthways, otherwi&s;e tis difficult to &s;tanch the Blood.</P>
<P>&para; The Egyptians do &s;o much confide in this phle|botomy, that they u&s;e it as a &s;ecret for any Inflam|mations of the Head, and di&s;tempers of the Eyes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. med. Eff. p. 57. <HI>Se<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> more there.</HI></NOTE> for redne&s;s of the face, a phren&s;ie with a Fever, want of &s;leep, acute Fevers, when on a Critical day Nature delayeth a Cri&s;is by an Hemorrhage. <HI>J. de Partibus</HI> &s;ays that it is profitable al&s;o for Tertian Agues.</P>
<P N="103">CIII. Many believe the opening of the <HI>Salvatella</HI> to be &s;uper&s;titious. Neverthele&s;s <HI>Hipprocrates</HI> open|ed the Veins of the Hand; and that Remedy has not been di&s;approved by learned men, e&s;pecially in Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es and the Quartan Ague, in the conjunction of the Sun and Moon:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. En|chir. p. 330.</NOTE> This I have &s;een to &s;ucceed happily, both to my &s;elf and o|thers, in Chronical Quartans, after divers Remedies had been u&s;ed in vain.</P>
<P N="104">CIV. They commend the opening of the <HI>Sal|vatella</HI> in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleen, of which <HI>Adrian Spigelius</HI> 5. <HI>Anat. cap.</HI> 7. gives this rea&s;on, becau&s;e the fervor of the Spleen may thus be ventilated, and by the &s;ucce&s;&s;ion of Arteries the efferve&s;cent Blood may be &s;omewhat &s;ecurely evacuated: and &s;o it is done by con&s;ent through the communication of the Arterial Blood, which poured forth together with the Venal becau&s;e of the ana&s;tomo&s;es of the Arteries that are near to the Vein that is opened: And &s;eeing there are &s;ix times more Arteries in the Spleen than Veins, 'tis indeed very nece&s;&s;ary that much benefit &s;hould accrew to the Di&s;ea&s;es there|of, becau&s;e the Blood is evacuated out of tho&s;e Ve&s;&s;els in which it offended. But if the circula|tion of the Blood had been known to <HI>Spigelius</HI> (which he &s;eems to have come near the knowledg of) it had been ea&s;ie for him to have given a more certain rea&s;on; namely becau&s;e in the extreme parts there is a greater number of Ana&s;to|mo&s;es of the Veins with the Arteries: There|fore the rea&s;on of the profitablene&s;s of &s;uch Blood-letting is to be drawn from the drawing out of the Arterial Blood, or of that which flows very near out of the Arteries.</P>
<P N="105">CV. <HI>Spigelius</HI> did in him&s;elf and others open the Vein that runs betwixt the fore-finger and thumb for a &s;tubborn Head-ach, and it proved a pre&s;ent Remedy, as is related by <HI>Joh. Rhodius cent.</HI> 1. <HI>ob&s;.</HI> 56.</P>
<P N="106">CVI. And <HI>Zacutus (in prax. admir.)</HI> relates, that a woman who had been long troubled with an Head-ach had that Vein opened which runs by the corners of the eyes. This Vein becomes apparent by tying the Neck moderately, and under the Arm-holes &s;trongly. <HI>Avicen</HI> 4. <HI>in cap.</HI> 10. propo&s;es the opening of it.</P>
<P N="107">CVII. <HI>Zacutus (prax. admir. lib.</HI> 1.) applied ten or twelve Leeches round about the temples in a &s;tub|born Head-ach, which proved a pre&s;ent Remedy-<HI>Riverius</HI> bids us note that he applied ten or twelve, that all the matter might be drawn forth, and not two or three.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="829" REF="378">
<HEAD>Scarification.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Scarification is a &s;afe and effectual Remedy. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is good for all outward Pains. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarification of the Ears is good for many things. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let it not be too deep in the hinder Part of the Head. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarification of the Ankles or Legs &s;erves &s;ometimes in&s;tead of Bleeding, but &s;o do not Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarifica|tion. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When it is u&s;ed in&s;tead of Bleeding, where to be made. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That upon the Ankles is dangerous. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarification is profitable in many ca&s;es. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of it is hurtful. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Being made too deep it cau&s;ed a Pal&s;ie and Death. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is unju&s;tly &s;u&s;pected of doing harm. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarification of the Loins does revell very much from the upper Parts. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The In&s;trument mu&s;t not be too &s;harp. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Gangrene following upon Scarification. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Ancients practis'd Scarification far more confidently and frequently than we now adays, who u&s;e it in no other ca&s;es but in a certain private application of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, and in the cure of Gangrenes: namely becau&s;e we are unskil|ful and &s;lothful, and afraid of &s;afe Remedies, and contract an Art that is rich and very full of help and Remedies, into a few and rare things, which neverthele&s;s are &s;light and ineffectual: being al|ways ready to alledge, that men in old Time were of a firm and &s;trong Nature and able to bear great Remedies, but tho&s;e of our time are all of them feeble and weak: So that mo&s;t are afraid of making inci&s;ion in the part affected, for fear of Attraction as they call it: but <HI>Pro&s;per Alpinus (lib.</HI> 2. <HI>de Med. Aegypt.</HI>) does readily refute the&s;e by the event which u&s;es to be &s;ucce&s;sful and void of any new defluxion upon the Part. <HI>Seb. Travus</HI> declares <HI>Oriba|&s;ius</HI>'s opinion of Scarification to be &s;afe, if the fluxion be arrived at its &s;tate, though a fierce Fit &s;hould follow the &s;aid vigour of the Di&s;ea&s;e: And I can of my own knowledge te&s;tifie, that having practis'd it in the publick Ho&s;pitals of the Incurables, I never knew any man that found it unprofitable or cryed out upon its un&s;ucce&s;sfulne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. Chir. effic. p. 69.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. I can upon mine own Experience te&s;tifie, that Scarification is of wonderful efficacy to ea&s;e all Pains that have invaded the outer part of the Body: To relate a few of many, let that be the fir&s;t, which I experienc'd in <HI>N.</HI> who being afflicted night and day for many Months together with Venereal Pains in his Leg, and could have ea&s;e by no Medicines, but was almo&s;t kill'd by them, had them wholly remo|ved by the help of Scarification. 2. Let the &s;econd in&s;tance be <HI>N.</HI> who was trepann'd, and having a cruel Pain ari&s;ing many days before about the <HI>bre|gma,</HI> was relieved by this Remedy. 3. By it I cu|red a great Pain in the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> in a Shoe-maker. 4. I cured al&s;o a Porter that was grievou&s;ly pained hard by the &s;oal of his Foot. 5. By the &s;ame Re|medy I gave &s;uch Ea&s;e to a <HI>Je&s;uite</HI> that had had a continual pain in a Toe for many Months, and could be helped by no other Remedy, that the pain ne|ver returned again. 6. By this means I di&s;cu&s;&s;ed a pain in the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> in <HI>Jo&s;eph N.</HI> that was in very great danger of Apo&s;temating. 7. One that was much pained in his Loins and made pitiful moan,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. med. effic. p. 78.</NOTE> received &s;ea&s;onable relief from this very thing.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Ancients make no mention of Scarifica|tions in the Ears: <HI>I&s;. Theod. Minadeus di&s;put.</HI> 4. <HI>de Cu|curbit.</HI> &amp;c. approves of them, and adds, that &s;uch Scarifications are delectable to tho&s;e who are mad-drunk with Wine, or who have their head loaded from any cau&s;e, fir&s;t chafing the Ears with warm water, and then Scarifying their extremities out|wardly, not very deeply or largely but &s;lightly, yet &s;o as may draw Blood from thence to an Ounce or a greater quantity; by which Remedy the pain in the Head remits, not &s;o much through the eva|cuation that it makes, as through th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> con&s;ent of the pained part with the Head, &s;eeing the pain either is the offspring of a too thin Blood, or has its ri&s;e from an hot exhalation. This benefit of this Remedy, is confirmed, &s;ays he, by all <HI>Arabians, Cretians, Grecians,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gn. Rolfinc. m. gener. p. 400. <HI>See.</HI> Pro&s;p. Alpin. de Med. Aegyptior. l. 3 c. 2. Valle&s;. lib. 6. Epidem. p. m. 701.</NOTE> who u&s;e to heat them&s;elves with Wine even at this day. The Scarification of the Ears helps much in the acute&s;t pains of the Teeth; yea if it be repeated, it may &s;upply the place of vene&s;ection. Maids in &s;ome parts of <HI>Germany</HI> let their Ears be Scarified to make them more Beautiful, namely that their Face may look whiter through the evacuation of the Blood.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Let not the Scarification in the hinder part of the Head be too deep. <HI>Avicen</HI> tells of one that fell into a Pal&s;ie of his Tongue upon applying a Cupping-gla&s;s with Scarification: namely the Sca|rification being too deep, pricked the branch of a Nerve that goes from the beginning of the &s;pinal Marrow to the Tongue.</P>
<P N="5">V. Many dare affirm that Cupping-gla&s;&s;es with Scarification &s;upply the place of Vene&s;ection; who&s;e opinion is erroneous and e&s;tranged from truth. For <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaks not a word of Cupping-gla&s;&s;es for taking away the plenitude of Bodies, as many of our Phy&s;icians think; but he mentions on|ly Vene&s;ection and Scarification of the Legs: which is gathered from 2. <HI>Aphor. Comment.</HI> 17. <HI>The evacuation of all the Humours equally, which indeed is the mo&s;t exqui&s;ite, is made by Vene&s;ection: and the next to this is that which is made by Scarification of the Ankles.</HI> And in his Book of <HI>Leeches, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es</HI> and <HI>Scarification</HI> he has &s;aid, <HI>That in Plethorick Bodies Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are not only unprofitable, but hurtful.</HI> And in his Book <HI>of Curing by Bleeding</HI> he has taught, That before the application of Cup|ping-gla&s;&s;es the whole Body ought to be evacua|ted, and that tho&s;e are to be applied either with Scarification, or without it. The &s;ame Per&s;on has &s;aid al&s;o <HI>Lib.</HI> 2. <HI>Aph.</HI> &amp; <HI>Lib.</HI> 4. <HI>de Saint. tuend.</HI> and in many other places very plainly, that Scarification of the Legs obtains the &s;econd place after Bleeding. And 13. <HI>Method.</HI> he was writ, If the Body be Ple|thorick, Blood is to be let either by opening a Vein,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pr. Alpin. Med. Aegypt. l. 3. c. 3.</NOTE> or Scarifying the Legs.</P>
<P N="6">VI. 'Tis controverted concerning the place in which this Scarification is to be made: <HI>Amatus</HI> u&s;es it in the Arms and Legs: The Aegyptians, as <HI>Al|pinus</HI> relates, make inci&s;ion in the calf of the Leg with long and deep Scarifications, and draw Blood from thence very quickly and largely, fir&s;t brui&s;ing and beating the Part, that it may lo&s;e all &s;en&s;e. <HI>Galen</HI> almo&s;t always mentions the Ankles, that is, the Parts neare&s;t the Ankles: but how there can be an inci&s;ion made in them with profit and &s;afety, is hard to under&s;tand, becau&s;e of the many and no|table Nerves that are &s;eated there: be&s;ides that they are dry and without Blood. I am of opinion that no certainty can be had of that matter, e&s;pe|cially from <HI>Galen,</HI> who though he often make men|tion of the Ankles, yet he al&s;o propounds a Scari|fication of the Legs and Arms. But I thus con|clude, both from the authority of <HI>Galen</HI> and of the fore&s;aid Phy&s;icians, that this Scarifica|tion may be performed, as nece&s;&s;ity requires, both in the Legs and Arms, and that both indeed contribute to the evacuation of the whole: but that by that in the Legs, the plenitude that ari&s;es from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms and Hemor|rhoids is evacuated; and by that in the Arms,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin. de Ingr. l. 2. c. 6.</NOTE> the plenitude that ari&s;es without the&s;e cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="7"><PB N="830" REF="379">VII. At <HI>Padua</HI> in my time there was &s;o violent a flux of water from only two inci&s;ions of the Ankle, that a Woman died outright of it. Al|&s;o when the Blood in which the heat is lodged, is evacuated,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Johan. Rhod. Centur. 3. Ob&s;. 17.</NOTE> there &s;ometimes &s;ucceeds a Gan|grene.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. The Aegyptians u&s;e to Scarifie the Skin in very many Di&s;ea&s;es: For in the mo&s;t violent Pains, e&s;pecially &s;uch as proceed from a plenitude, or a poi&s;onous quality hurting the &s;en&s;ible Parts; in a fluxion that is &s;omewhat fixt, after an univer&s;al both purging and evacuation, they u&s;e to Scarifie the pained Parts, or tho&s;e next them, deeply, and to let a great deal of Blood run out: For in all Inflammations that continue long, they u&s;e deeply to Scarifie the inflamed Part, as the pained &s;ide in a Pleuri&s;ie, and the Brea&s;t in a Peripneumony, and the right Hypochondre when the Liver is inflamed, and the left, when the Spleen: and thus they are wont to do with other inflamed Parts, e&s;pecially in great <HI>Ery&s;ipelas's,</HI> or any other inflamed Part, where there is fear it &s;hould degenerate, into a Gangrene or turn to a <HI>Scirrhus.</HI> They are wont mo&s;t frequently in pains of the Gout, that ari&s;e from a defluxion of the Blood after univer&s;al eva|cuation, to Scarifie the &s;welled aking Toes; for part of the defluxed Blood being evacuated by that Scarification, it profits wonderfully. In like man|ner they u&s;e Scarification both in Tumours, and Ul|cers that will not heal up: as al&s;o for all defeda|tions of the Skin, &s;pots and pu&s;tules: And no le&s;s do they deeply &s;carifie a Part wounded by a Scor|pion, or bit by &s;ome wild Bea&s;t, and by that means they draw a great deal of Blood from the Part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Alpinus Med. Aegypt. c. 11. l. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. A lu&s;ty man, of a good habit, having never had any Di&s;temper of Body for Fifty years, u&s;ed Scarification on his Back every Month, and let the Blood flow out even till he fainted: hereupon at length he fell into Catarrhs, which po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing the Neck without any apparent Tumour brought a difficulty of &s;wallowing both Meat and Drink, which Di&s;ea&s;e continued for a Month, and af|ter a year returned again and choaked the Pa|tient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">O. Grembs Arb. ru. &amp; int. p. 169.</NOTE> Whence it appears that the importune u&s;e of Scarifications does great harm and cau&s;es cold Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Galen</HI> (1. <HI>ad Glaucon. c.</HI> 7.) makes a threefold manner of Scarification, a &s;light, deep and mean. When the Humours are thick, tough, compact, ei|ther in part, or in whole, the deep is nece&s;&s;ary. An unwary Surgeon curing an ab&s;ce&s;s ari&s;en from a thin Humour upon the &s;pine of the Back, made &s;o deep a Scarification, that cutting the Nerves he cured the man indeed of the Tumour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. prax. admit. lib. 3. Ob&s;. 65.</NOTE> but made him Paralytick. &para; Another made &s;o deep an Inci|&s;ion with a &s;harp Razor, having no Launcet in readine&s;s, that there follow'd an Hemorrhage which could never be &s;tanched by any Reme|dies, no not by a Cautery it &s;elf, but the Pa|tient died of it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Ob&s;. 66.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Scarification in general is very much &s;u&s;pe|cted by &s;ome; whence al&s;o <HI>Grembs (in Arb. ru. &amp; int. l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &sect; 48.) di&s;allows of Scarification, preten|ding that a no &s;mall hindrance of long life is the bad cu&s;tom of Vene&s;ection and Scarification, which hath &s;o prevailed, that in &s;ome Families they u&s;e Scarifications once a Month, and Vene&s;ection twice a year, whereby they lavi&s;hly &s;pend the trea&s;ure of life. But experience &s;ays the contrary, for &s;ome may be found of Sixty, yea, I have known &s;ome of Seventy, that even from their Childhood have u&s;ed this Remedy without hurt. Nor is that true, That he who has once &s;carified, mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily continue it all his life long, unle&s;s he will precipitate him|&s;elf into danger of his life: I knew one, &s;ayes D. <HI>Mabius,</HI> that when he was a Boy of about Eight years old, being &s;ubject to frequent Ophthalmies and Fluxions upon his Eyes, by the advice of a skilful Phy&s;ician u&s;ed Scarifications twice a Month till he was Ten years old with good Succe&s;s: And when the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es cea&s;ed, he left off the Scarifi|cations al&s;o without falling into any Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Hofman. m. m. l. 1. c. 18.</NOTE> and is &s;till alive, and healthful and &s;prightly.</P>
<P N="12">XII. There ari&s;e a great many Veins from the Loins, which you cannot plainly &s;ee unle&s;s you cut the Skin from that Part: wherefore Scarifications of the Loins are very good to revell from the upper Parts; and in &s;ome Countreys tho&s;e Veins are opened, if they appear to the Phlebotomi&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. An|thropogr. l. 2. c. 6.</NOTE> if we will believe <HI>Platerus</HI> in his Anatomy.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. We mu&s;t not make inci&s;ion with too &s;harp a Launcet, which a Surgeon once doing in a Boy, thinking that by that means he &s;hould do it with the le&s;s Pain, cau&s;ed a great Convul&s;ion: for often either the Membranes under the Skin, or the Nerves are hurt: be&s;ides that the thick Blood is not evacu|ated thereby, but only the thin, as <HI>Hippocrates (lib. de Medico)</HI> teacheth, who for that rea&s;on bids us u&s;e Launcets that are crooked at the end, and not very narrow; yea &s;ometimes &s;erous and &s;anious Hu|mours become vi&s;cid and thick, whence there is danger they &s;hould &s;tay in the too narrow ga&s;hes. That the Scarification &s;hould be made by drawing the Knife along, and not by &s;tabbing it in,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus in Cel&s;um lib. 2. c. 11.</NOTE> Expe|rience &s;hews and Rea&s;on per&s;wades.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. 'Tis certain that in foul and Cacochymical Bodies there are often rai&s;ed malignant Defluxions upon &s;everal Parts. I order'd dry Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to be applied to the Buttocks and Back of one in|fected with the Pox, for a cruel pain in his Head; which having done, one by the Loins grew into &s;o great a bulk, that for the Tumour and great red|ne&s;s, he that made the Application was forced without my advice to Scarifie it: But he could never heal up the Ulcer, yea a virulent Hu|mour flowing out by it, and Bli&s;ters full of black Blood being rai&s;ed, there aro&s;e a Gangrene &s;preading deep upon the Spine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zacut. Prax. admir. l. 3. Ob&s;. 67.</NOTE> and thereupon Convul&s;ions, all which brought the man to his end.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Spleneticks.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either acid, &s;owr Humours; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the acrimonious, &s;aline lixivial; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the tartareous and vi&s;cid Phlegmatick &s;limine&s;s of the Blood. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Steel-remedies profit the Hypochondriacal. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They profit not all alike. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Volatils often hurt. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acids are often beneficial. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Spleen requires &s;trong Aperitives. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Steel remedies are to be u&s;ed. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. AS the Liver does more di&s;pen&s;e the Sulphur of the Blood, &s;o does the Spleen its &s;alt and <HI>&s;erum.</HI> Now Spleneticks and Hepaticks are good together, and they are commonly one and the &s;ame; hence likewi&s;e Aperitives chiefly belong hi|ther. Spleneticks re&s;pect either I. <HI>acid, au&s;tere hu|mours</HI> that fix the Blood, and induce Melancholy, Dullne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;uch as are (1.) all <HI>aqueous diluting</HI> and <HI>mitigating</HI> Remedies, chiefly Nitrous, Medicinal Waters, Whey, which, be&s;ides their Salts, borrow the greate&s;t part of their vertues from their watry Particles. (2.) <HI>Gentle aromatick</HI> and <HI>bitter</HI> things, ran|ked under Hepaticks. (3.) <HI>Fixt Lixivials,</HI> and <HI>volat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l Alkali</HI>'s: thus the Salt of Wormwood, of Centaury, the tincture of Tartar; Spirit of Sal Armoniack, Anti&s;corbutick Plants, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> belong hither. For as
<PB N="831" REF="379"> tho&s;e acid Humours concentrate and fix the Blood; &s;o the&s;e very volatil, Saline and Sulphureous do &s;et at liberty, &s;ubtilize, and volatilize it, &s;o that from that Lye that it was reduc'd unto, it is again invigorated. (4.) <HI>Earthy</HI> Medicines, coming towards the nature of Alkali's, and Re&s;olvents: Thus <HI>Hel|mont</HI> extols Crabs Eyes boiled in Wine and that have acquired a lixivial ta&s;te: Thus al&s;o <HI>Glauber</HI> affirms that the Powder of Corals does profit the Hypo|chondriacal only, becau&s;e they ab&s;orb an acid: thus the filings of Steel, even taken in &s;ub&s;tance, profit. And hence al&s;o as good as all, and a <HI>Panacea</HI> of the Hypochondriacal are (5.) <HI>Steel</HI>-remedies, the rea&s;on of who&s;e action is no other than that by ab|&s;orbing they invert, &s;aturate, &s;weeten and render profitable tho&s;e acid Humours; No otherwi&s;e than as <HI>aqua fortis,</HI> and acid Spirits being poured on Steel grow &s;weet, their Particles being blunted and tur|ning to Vitriol: The&s;e very Remedies are profita|ble on this account in Hypochrondriack Melancholy, in Pains of the Hypochondres, Cachexie, the be|ginning of a Drop&s;ie, Scurvy, palpitation of the Heart, Swooning, <HI>&amp;c. Vitriolate</HI> Remedies them|&s;elves belong hither al&s;o, both tho&s;e which are originally &s;uch, and chiefly tho&s;e which are rege|nerated of Steel, as <HI>Vitriolum Martis,</HI> &amp;c. which af|ter their manner do al&s;o ab&s;orb, &s;trengthen and &s;a|turate al&s;o acid, pontick Humours.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. <HI>Acrimonious, &s;aline lixivial humours,</HI> whe|ther they be more eminent apart, or concur in Predominancy with acids. And &s;uch Remedies in|deed, be&s;ides watry diluents (which are common as it were) con&s;i&s;t of (1.) <HI>Acids,</HI> in regard they fix as it were the volatility of the <HI>&s;erum,</HI> and are pro|fitable in the too great Hemorrhagies of the Ca|chectick and Scorbutick, as by the&s;e means I have cured &s;ome that have been &s;o affected. (2.) <HI>Au&s;tere</HI> Remedies, which do concentrate the &s;ame as it were and hinder a too great rarefaction, as the anti-phthi&s;ical tincture of <HI>Grammanus,</HI> &s;typtick Pow|ders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and they are good when the <HI>Serum</HI> is too fluxile, in colliquative Fluxes, immoderate Sweats, in which ca&s;e there is &s;ometimes place al&s;o for <HI>Opi|ats.</HI> (3.) <HI>Earthy</HI> things, ina&s;much as the&s;e al&s;o ab|&s;orb and precipitate, as has been explained el&s;e|where. Among Spleneticks Ceterach, or Spleen|wort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are good as in other ca&s;es, &s;o in inflamma|tions, anxieties and pains at the Stomach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of the Hypochondriacal.</P>
<P N="3">III. Or 3. the <HI>tartareous</HI> and <HI>vi&s;cid Phlegmatick <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">imine&s;s of the Blood,</HI> immer&s;ed in a greater or le&s;&s;er quantity of <HI>&s;erum,</HI> &s;uch as are chiefly (1.) <HI>Acids:</HI> Whence it is not unrea&s;onable to think that even mineral acid Spirits do &s;ometimes much, if not all, in curing the Hypochondriacal affection; for they incide and attenuate mucilaginou&s;ne&s;s, e&s;pecially the Spirit of Salt, <HI>&amp;.</HI> the&s;e al&s;o free the fir&s;t ways from that notable mucilage, that lines the Stomach, which they carry either to the pa&s;&s;ages of Urine, or di&s;|po&s;e to go out by &s;tool. (2.) <HI>Alkalines</HI> and <HI>Enixa,</HI> which on this account are called Saponaries; the&s;e do notably carry away and ab&s;terge the Lees of the Blood, as <HI>Helmont</HI> &s;peaks; the tincture of Tartar, the <HI>arcanum</HI> of the &s;ame, Tartar vitriolate, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> (3.) <HI>Aroma|ticks,</HI> as others &s;o e&s;pecially carminative which u&s;e to profit both inwardly and outwardly in tho&s;e ca&s;es; yea both the now mentioned things do &s;o con&s;pire as it were in this third vertue, that they procure a free cour&s;e to the Blood, and that the <HI>Serum</HI> be not hindred in its office, whence al&s;o bit|ter things, and other belong hither: the&s;e al&s;o correct that dullne&s;s, and deficient &s;piritua&s;cenc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> and aere&s;cence of the Stomach, or rather of the chyle, and do e&s;pecially avert <HI>Scirrhus</HI>'s of the Spleen, and are of principal efficacy in Quartan Agues and its Symptoms that ari&s;e from hence. For it cannot be, but when either the Blood is too much fixed by acids, or the oily, Bal&s;amick particles of the Chyle are not &s;eparated, &s;limy, thick, tartareous excrements mu&s;t be bred, and be fa&s;ten'd here and there, but e&s;pecially in the Spleen. (4.) Hither belong al&s;o <HI>Ab&s;tergers, Diureticks,</HI> and <HI>Nephriticks</HI> like|wi&s;e; for it is certain, both that in the Hy|pochondriacal a gravelly &s;andy matter, that pro|ceeds from the tartareous muddine&s;s of the Blood, is &s;eparated with the Urine; and al&s;o that mo&s;t who are troubled with the &s;tone are Hypochon|driacal withal, and that antihypochondriacks are proper for the&s;e al&s;o.</P>
<P N="4">IV. From the&s;e things it is clear, both that any &s;pecificks in general, and in particular &s;ple|neticks and Antihypochondriacks, are not all of them proper for all Per&s;ons: for like as either au&s;tere and acid Humours, or Lixivial, Volatil, and middle (&s;uch as chiefly cau&s;e colliquative &s;weats) or the muddine&s;s of the Blood offend more, &s;o likewi&s;e doth the application of the&s;e vary; &s;o as that if a man proceed in or|der, and apply them promi&s;cuou&s;ly, he &s;hall rather load the Patient with Symptoms than re|lieve him.</P>
<P N="5">V. Volatils, as well others, as Anti&s;corbutick, do often hurt the Splenetick, and even the Scor|butick them&s;elves. This is clear from what has been ju&s;t now alledged; for if the Hypochondri|ack per&s;on have a Blood that is full of Saline, Lixivious and Alkaline atoms; if he be troubled or abound with an over fluxil and volatil <HI>Serum;</HI> tho&s;e thing indeed are not good: whence 'tis an errour to admini&s;ter Anti&s;corbuticks indifferently. Hence I have often &s;een all the Symptoms that were hardly allayed, as preternatural heat, wat|chings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> rai&s;ed anew by the Spirit of Scurvigra&s;s, which had al&s;o been u&s;ed hand over head for the ex|tracting of other Aperitives, for in&s;tance of Steel.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Acids</HI> are often good, and &s;o it cannot be &s;aid &s;imply, He is hypochondriacal, therefore no acids are to be given him. Hither belongs <HI>Lip&s;ius</HI>'s Encomium of the Spirit of Vitriol (<HI>Cent.</HI> 1. <HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 81.) for when through a &s;edentary life he had contracted a great &s;limine&s;s of Blood, whence al&s;o he voided by Stool gla&s;&s;ie Phlegm, he u&s;ed the Vinegar of Vitriol with no bad &s;ucce&s;s. Like|wi&s;e temperate, and ab&s;orbing, and diluting Re|medies are profitably admini&s;tred to the&s;e: Hence <HI>Servius (In&s;t. Med. c.</HI> 3.) I have &s;ometimes benefited the Hypochondriacal rather by cooling than heal|ing Medicines, by Whey, Mineral Waters, and other things whereby the heat of the Hypo|chondres might be temper'd: and &s;o neither are the&s;e things to be admini&s;tred without the active, nor tho&s;e without the&s;e temperate Remedies. The <HI>Serum</HI> is to be attended to in all ca&s;es, that it be neither defective nor abound too much with &s;aline Particles.</P>
<P N="7">VII. But the Spleen requires &s;tronger Aperi|tives than the Liver: This is the affirmation of <HI>Galen,</HI> which though <HI>Mercatus</HI> oppugn, and grant it only of the external u&s;e; yet it is true where either the Spirits and Blood are fixed; or &s;limine&s;s is Predominant in the Blood: hence for in&s;tance the Spirit of Sal Armoniack is very profitably given to the melancholick even in drink.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Tho&s;e mu&s;t u&s;e motion that take Steel-Remedies, and the Excrements of the Belly are to be con&s;idered: Motion I &s;ay mu&s;t be u&s;ed, that the &s;luggi&s;h Humours may be excited, and the Medi|cine may be better actuated and de&s;cend; but this is principally to be meant when they are taken in a dry or &s;olid form, for then, unle&s;s motion be u&s;ed, they do not work well: And the Excrements mu&s;t be con&s;ider'd, becau&s;e they are tinged by Steel-Medicines, &s;o that they are voided black, becau&s;e of the Vitriol that is drawn out of the Me|dicins, which is a manife&s;t token that there has been a re&s;olution thereof made. And it is to be noted, that they are not to be given (in &s;ub&s;tance and a
<PB N="832" REF="380"> dry form) except the Stomach be &s;trong,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. &s;ac. p. 107.</NOTE> &s;o that, if I may &s;o &s;ay, it can bear and concoct them.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">illicidium,</HI> or Pumping.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>It is a very effectual T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pick. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to &s;uch Indications as forbid it. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To whom hot Baths are hurtful. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How cold <HI>Stillicidia</HI> are to be u&s;ed. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To what Parts they are chiefly beneficial. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Part of the Head is to be expo&s;ed to them. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The manner of admini&s;tring them. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Patient mu&s;t not &s;leep the whil&s;t. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What things are to be applied afterwards. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>STillitidium,</HI> or Pumping, commonly called <HI>Daccia</HI> and <HI>Gutta</HI> (and improperly by &s;ome <HI>Embroche,</HI> which &s;ignifies Perfu&s;ion, from <GAP DESC="foreign">, to wet) is that form of Medicine, whereby there is made a de&s;tillation of a liquid Humour from on high like a &s;howr upon &s;ome part. It is agreed by all that this <HI>Stillicidium</HI> excells any other form of external Medicine, as to its activity, and that indeed ju&s;tly, becau&s;e through the motion of the matter falling from on high, the Skin waxes hot and the Pores are opened, whereby is made the greater impre&s;|&s;ion. The occa&s;ion of inventing this Remedy was twofold; the one the re&s;i&s;tance of the Di&s;temper as to other forms and manners of acting, through the &s;tubbornne&s;s of the matter, or its too deep &s;itua|tion; the other, the di&s;po&s;ition of the Part it &s;elf to which the Remedy was to be applied, when through the ob&s;tacle of the Bones it &s;uffers not the vertue of a Medicine to reach to the part affected, unle&s;s it be admini&s;tred with motion; on which account <HI>Galen</HI> (13.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudin. Ap|pend. c. ult.</NOTE> <HI>Meth. c.</HI> 22.) commends this man|ner of admini&s;tration chiefly in the Head.</P>
<P N="2">II. The Prohibents are many, and 1. a <HI>Plethora</HI> and Cacochymie. 2. An Ulcer and all &s;olution of unity, yea and &s;ometimes an evil compo&s;ition of the Parts: But it is particularly forbid for the Head by a vertiginous Di&s;temper, by a &s;uffocating Ca|tarrh, or an hot Catarrh; becau&s;e &s;eeing upon the account of this it ought to be cooling, it might do a great deal of harm to the Brain that is natu|rally cold: To which may be added that an agita|tion being made by &s;uch Remedy in the Head, an hot Catarrh, that is fluxile of its own nature, will fall more precipitantly upon the &s;ubjacent Parts, and thereby will cau&s;e great mi&s;chief.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Id m.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Concerning waters that &s;pring of their own accord it is to be noted, that the &s;ulphureous, bi|tuminous and aluminous (as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>de ta. Valet. c.</HI> 9.) are very bad for hot Heads, whether the heat be joined with drine&s;s, or with moi&s;ture; I &s;ay the &s;ulphureous and bituminous, becau&s;e they incend and melt the Humours; and the aluminous, becau&s;e they con&s;tipate the narrow Pores.<NOTE PLACE="marg">m.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. This al&s;o is to be noted, that &s;uch things are very &s;eldom u&s;ed in the way of <HI>Stillicidium,</HI> which by moi&s;tening may cool; yea this is to be under&s;tood of cold things in general, though they do not moi&s;ten but dry, as cold <HI>thermae</HI> (or Baths) that they are never to be u&s;ed alone, le&s;t the in|nate heat be extingui&s;hed, but hot are always to be mixed with them at lea&s;t in a threefold pro|portion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. <HI>Stillicidia</HI> are u&s;ed to all places that are fit to have liquor fall upon them, but they are chiefly con|venient for the Head, and for the Nervous Parts and Joints: The Liver, Spleen, Stomach, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ee|ing they are &s;oft Parts, and therefore other forms of Remedies may ea&s;ily work upon them, are not to be troubled with <HI>Stillicidia,</HI> &s;ave in a &s;tubborn and inveterate Di&s;temper.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="6">VI. As to the Head, &s;ome di&s;tingui&s;h certain Parts in it; for in a cold and moi&s;t Catarrh; Deaf|ne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> they apply <HI>Stillicidia</HI> to the coronal &s;uture; in a Pal&s;ie and Convul&s;ion, to the hinder Part of the Head, where the beginning of the Nerves is, but whil&s;t the Fluxion la&s;ts, (for otherwi&s;e they u&s;e to water the re&s;olved or contracted Parts them|&s;elves.) In other inveterate Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, &s;uch as the Head-ach or Megrim, they pour the liquor upon the affected or weak part it &s;elf. In|deed in my opinion the&s;e do not do ami&s;s; but yet the vertue of the <HI>Stillicidium</HI> is always more ea&s;ily and readily received by the coronal &s;uture.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> &para; In deafne&s;s the <HI>Stillicidium</HI> may be received very well in the region of the ears and temples: for if a mans skull be in&s;pected, the Lambdoidal &s;uture ap|pears to reach even to the <HI>Ma&s;toides</HI> proce&s;s: and the &s;utures of the Temples appear to coincide therewith, &s;o that the vertue of the <HI>Stillicidia</HI> may penetrate and enter into the inmo&s;t Parts of the Ears.</P>
<P N="7">VII. It is admini&s;tred two ways; the one with|out a Bath and &s;eparately from it; the other with a Bath, &s;o as that the Patient ducking him&s;elf in a Bath, does withal receive the <HI>Stillicidium.</HI> The fir&s;t way are almo&s;t all Artificial <HI>Stillicidia</HI> ad|mini&s;tred; and &s;ome of late think that Bath-<HI>Stillicidia</HI> are be&s;t admini&s;tred the &s;ame way: but be&s;ides that it &s;eems too trouble&s;om, Experience witne&s;&s;eth that it is not &s;o profitable.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. Whil&s;t the <HI>Stillicidium</HI> is admini&s;tring the Patient mu&s;t by no means Sleep, which he u&s;es to be prone to when his Head waxes hot, and &s;o a multitude of vapours is attracted to the Brain. But tho&s;e do ami&s;s who keep their Patients awake with loud &s;inging, &s;eeing the Head is filled therewith: Therefore we mu&s;t en|deavour to do it by talking to them, and by other ways.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. When the Embrochation is over, the part is to be dried and wiped with pretty warm Cloaths; and is either to be anointed with &s;ome oil of the &s;ame vertue with the <HI>Stillicidium,</HI> or to be fenced with &s;omething el&s;e that may pre&s;erve the quality imprinted by the <HI>Stillicidium.</HI> The vul|gar apply a Linen cloth to the &s;haved part of the Head, and put a Night-cap over that: 'Twere bet|ter to apply a Cerecloth that is fitted to the Nature and Faculties of the <HI>Stillicidium:</HI> thus <HI>Montagnana</HI>'s Capital Cerecloth, of Betony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will be convenient for a cold Head.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Stomachicks. (<HI>See Book 18.</HI> Of the Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Ventricle</HI> in general.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the heat; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the ferment of the Stomach. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Remedies &s;trengthening the Ferment. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Correctors of it when it exceeds. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;uch Externals mu&s;t be. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such as re&s;pect the beat and ferment both, are very well joined together. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Stomachicks are bad for an hot and dry intemperature. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In altering we mu&s;t have a care we do not hurt the other <HI>vi&s;cera. VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is not to be overcharged with abundance of Medicines. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1"><PB N="833" REF="380">I. STomachicks re&s;pect 1. the <HI>heat</HI> which is im|paired and wants to be &s;trengthened, of which &s;ort are divers Re&s;toratives indeed, yet they profit on this general account, that they are endued with an oily, volatil, aromatick and &s;weet Sulphur which they contain, and are (1.) <HI>Aromatick</HI> as <HI>aromata</HI> (or &s;pices) the root of Burnet, Mint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> (2.) <HI>Bal&s;a|mick oils,</HI> as Amber, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru, &amp;c.</HI> for this very Medicine is indued with a Bal&s;amick Acrimony, whence <HI>Riverius</HI> commends it in Vomiting, want of appetite, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> (3.) Things indued with a <HI>Volatil Salt,</HI> e&s;pecially &s;uch as is oily, as Pepper, Mu&s;tard, Gin|ger. (4.) <HI>Spirituous</HI> things, as wine, the Spirit of Wine, Mint, Juniper, Citron pill, &amp;c. (5.) <HI>Bitter</HI> things, as Worm-wood, Aloes, <HI>Elixir proprietatis.</HI> (6.) <HI>Carminatives.</HI> (7.) <HI>Mild A&s;tringents,</HI> as Cinnamon, Ma|&s;tich, Peptick Powders, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> (8.) <HI>Nervine Cephaiicks,</HI> as Ca&s;tor, Hore-hound, for there is a very great con&s;ent of the Stomach with the Brain. All the&s;e things profit in an Anorexie, injur'd chylification, belching, hiccough, pain at the Stomach, (in which ca&s;e the oyl of Cloves and Carminatives are the mo&s;t profitable) weak concoction, inflation, &s;ympa|thick vertigo, and other Symptoms of the Stomach that ari&s;e from coldne&s;s: and generally the &s;ame things correct an <HI>exce&s;&s;ive heat</HI> as correct a vitious fer|ment.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. they re&s;pect the <HI>ferment,</HI> which I call the <HI>men&s;truum</HI> of the Stomach. Now though tho&s;e Remedies that contribute towards the re&s;toring of this, do much agree and fall in with the afore&s;aid things, ina&s;much as they al&s;o are indued with a &s;aline Acrimony; yet this is to be noted by the way, That as tho&s;e things which abound with a &s;ulphureous Principle and are more Bal&s;amick and oily, do more re&s;pect the weak heat of the Stomach and invigorate it; &s;o &s;aline Medicines do more invigorate the fer|ment: for there are &s;ome ca&s;es wherein the heat is &s;trong enough, and yet the ferment hindered and fetter'd, &s;o that concoction cannot be happily per|formed; though it be be&s;t that the&s;e fellow-cau&s;es, which &s;tand for one, &s;hould be both attended toge|ther: and on this account we mu&s;t al&s;o &s;ee that whil&s;t we endeavour to &s;trengthen the heat, we do not de&s;troy the ferment, which is chiefly done by &s;pirituous things, as Brandy.</P>
<P N="3">III. The &s;luggi&s;h and deficient ferment is <HI>whetted</HI> and recruited by all &s;uch things as are indued ei|ther with an acid Salt, or e&s;pecially a volatil: 1. All <HI>Acrimonious</HI> things, as common Salt, which contri|butes indeed to the reli&s;h, but &s;erves chiefly for a <HI>&s;timulus</HI> to the ferment, al&s;o pepper'd things, Anti&s;corbutick plants, the root of Aron, the Mu|&s;tard of the Italians, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e things correct an acid crudity, and attenuate vi&s;cid phlegmatick Humours. 2. <HI>Acids,</HI> as Vinegar, which being u&s;ed moderately profits both in drink and fomentation, Spirit of Vi|triol, &s;imple, and that of Copper, which Chymi&s;ts call <HI>&s;al e&s;urinum,</HI> the Spirit of Salt: &s;ome not unad|vi&s;edly reduce the ferment we make Bread withal into pills, and give it for helping the ferment of the Stomach: the&s;e things correct a nidorous and phlegmatick crudity. 3. Hither refer the coats of an Hens gizzard; but hardly any con&s;tant help is to be expected therefrom, unle&s;s perchance by accident, ina&s;much as they withal ab&s;orb the bili|ous Humours that pervert the ferment.</P>
<P N="4">IV. When the <HI>ferment</HI> exceeds in an Acrimony either &s;aline, or bilious, (whither an hot intemperies al&s;o belongs) it is corrected 1. both by <HI>blunting</HI> of it, as <HI>fat</HI> things do, in the <HI>boulimus,</HI> or Dogs appetite; and al&s;o by <HI>diluting</HI> it, as watry things do; and likewi&s;e by <HI>ab&s;orbing</HI> it, as <HI>Lixives</HI> and earthy preci|pitants, which are called Alkali's, do, &s;uch as are Crabs-eyes and te&s;taceous Medicines. Where note that the&s;e very things may al&s;o by accident, by re&s;training as it were and reducing into order chiefly an acid Humour, exceeding in the Stomach, &s;ometimes rai&s;e and reduce the appetite, whether alone, or mixt with acids, as for example the <HI>tra|gea Stomachica</HI> of <HI>Quercetan</HI> or <HI>Birckman.</HI> Thus I have very often ob&s;erved that precipitating Powders, <HI>viz.</HI> &s;uch as have been prepared of &s;hells only with native Cinnabar, have rai&s;ed an appetite. For re|gard is to be had both to the proportion of the Acrimony that exerts it &s;elf in the Stomach preter|naturally; (for the ferment of the Stomach is not as it &s;hould be, if it be exce&s;&s;ively acid) and al&s;o to the continuation of the u&s;e, for all Lixives and Al|kali's otherwi&s;e de&s;troy the appetite and enervate the ferment, whence in the <HI>boulimus</HI> the oyl of Tar|tar <HI>per deliquium</HI> is a &s;ecret. Thus 2. the <HI>ferment is perverted</HI> (1.) by <HI>&s;weet</HI> things, becau&s;e by their mu|cilage they obvi&s;cate and blunt its &s;aline Acrimony. (2.) <HI>Acid Salts,</HI> as for in&s;tance, it has been ob&s;erved that <HI>arcanum Tartari,</HI> that is otherwi&s;e a very famed Medicine, has by being too much u&s;ed ca&s;t down the appetite: (3.) All <HI>nitrous</HI> things, ina&s;much as they both di&s;&s;olve the heat and the &s;aline <HI>men&s;truum;</HI> whence in the continual u&s;e of Nitrous things we mu&s;t &s;ee that they cau&s;e no di&s;turbance in the Bo|dy: (4.) <HI>Saturnine</HI> or Lead-Medicines, e&s;pecially the &s;weet and earthy; whence in the u&s;e of <HI>&s;accharum Saturni</HI> and the preparations thereof we mu&s;t have a care we hurt not the Stomach: (5.) Strong <HI>uri|nous Lixives,</HI> as the Spirit of &s;al Armoniack. 3. and la&s;tly, the ferment is <HI>fixed</HI> and <HI>obtunded</HI> by Opiats, which are not good for the Stomach as &s;uch; and unle&s;s the ferment prevail, Vomiting is apt to follow the next morning, and by the u&s;e of Opiats the appetite is ca&s;t down: For as the Stomach re|joyces in a Bal&s;amick concocted and pure &s;ulphur; &s;o it is prejudic'd by &s;uch as is inmature, impure and ungrateful. But the&s;e things that have been rehear&s;ed, are good in all exce&s;&s;ive Acrimony, whether it be with a <HI>diarrhoea</HI> or <HI>cholera,</HI> as al&s;o in a <HI>Cardialgia</HI> or pain at the Stomach, where be|&s;ides Carminatives, oleous and the more temperate anodyne Medicines are required; they are good al&s;o in the hiccough, heat of the Stomach or <HI>&s;oda, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. External Stomachicks ought to be 1. <HI>Acid,</HI> as &s;owr leven, vinegar; 2. <HI>Aromaticks</HI> &s;o called, with Wine, whether in the form of a Pla&s;ter or Catapla&s;m: and they are chiefly re&s;olvents and revellents, as in an hiccough, Vomiting; likewi&s;e Carminatives: Earthy things are not &s;o profita|ble.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Note that it is very good &s;o to joyn and di&s;po&s;e Stomachicks, that re&s;pect may be had both to the ferment and heat, which is done by mixing both &s;orts together: thus the &s;weet Spirit of Salt, and thus <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> macerated with the Spi|rit of Sulphur is good.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In an hot and dry <HI>intemperies</HI> acids are to be avoided, and things void of acrimony are to be u&s;ed; powders al&s;o are to be avoided, unle&s;s they be very much diluted, for otherwi&s;e they &s;tick to the Stomach: but mucilaginous things are good: Hence the Spirits of Vitriol or Salt do cau&s;e a burning in the Stomach, by &s;poiling it of its native fermental vi&s;cou&s;ne&s;s, whence an ero&s;ion of it is apt to follow. This happens chiefly in the chole|rick, and &s;uch as have fir&s;t too much di&s;tended its Coats with drinking of Wine, whence the acrimo|ny is more intimately in&s;inuated into its unfolded plaits.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. In altering the Stomach we mu&s;t have a care we hurt not the other <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> whether we u&s;e inward or outward Remedies; and e&s;pecially that we hurt not the Liver which lies next to the Sto|mach; which we &s;hall do, if we exceed the bounds of mediocrity.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Stomach is not to be overwhelmed with plenty of any &s;orts of Medicines, whether &s;uch as are de&s;ign'd for it &s;elf, or with others; for as it receives the fir&s;t benefit therefrom, &s;o al&s;o does it the fir&s;t prejudice. Thus in a certain Bi|&s;hop
<PB N="834" REF="381"> was found the magi&s;terie of Perles;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 97.</NOTE> in others, other things.</P>
<P N="10">X. As in all Medicines, though de&s;tin'd for other Parts and Di&s;ea&s;es, we mu&s;t have re&s;pect to the Sto|mach how it bears them and is affected by them: &s;o does that hold and is to be under&s;tood princi|pally of Salts. Indeed among&s;t Stomachicks <HI>Lixivi al Salts</HI> are al&s;o commended and pre&s;cribed, as for in&s;tance, the Salts of Wormwood and Juniper enter the Stomachick powder of <HI>Birckman;</HI> and &s;ometimes the &s;ame have place in the weakne&s;&s;es of the Sto|mach, but rather and almo&s;t only in ca&s;e the fer|ment be tainted with a preternatural acrimony, and then they mu&s;t be u&s;ed with other Aromaticks: For by the confe&s;&s;ion of all, this ferment is Saline; and if it be asked to what <HI>cla&s;&s;is</HI> of Salts it is to be referred, it is de&s;ervedly referred to that of acids, for it is &s;omewhat acid in its farewel, as we &s;ay: yet it follows not from thence that every &s;ort, be it never &s;o fixed and exce&s;&s;ive, helps the action of the Stomach, but rather there ari&s;es from it a taint or crudity, and the chyme grows not Spirituous: And though &s;ometimes when it exceeds with too great an acrimony, it encrea&s;e the appetite; yet it is vitious, and the particles are not rightly part|ed from one another thereby: whence in this very ca&s;e, in the <HI>appetentia canina</HI> and <HI>boulimus,</HI> they profit more than any thing el&s;e: Thus I once cured an Hypochondriacal Per&s;on, that could not be &s;atisfi|ed with eating, with the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per deliqui|um.</HI> And the <HI>middle Salts</HI> do incide indeed and re|&s;olve, but injure the tone of the Stomach if u&s;ed too long and too plentifully: whence Tartar Vi|triolate, and <HI>arcanum tartari</HI> being taken long and in a large quantity, hurt the &s;ame at length: By which experiment we plainly &s;ee 1. that neither lixivial nor middle Salts are to be u&s;ed longer or in a larger quantity than is fitting; 2. We may gather from hence that the ferment of the Stomach is not acido &s;aline in that &s;en&s;e, as if it were of the nature of acid Salts; but rather that it is Saline, and among&s;t Salts may be referred to the acid, though it be not &s;o in its own Nature in the ab|&s;tract. But acid Salts, though they come generally under another notion, are, as &s;uch, grateful to the Stomach: hence <HI>acidum Tartari</HI> comforts and &s;treng|thens the Stomach; and hence al&s;o acid Spirits &s;erve the &s;ame end very well: But when acid Salts are modified by other acce&s;&s;ories, they do not do &s;o well;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem phar|mac. p. 184.</NOTE> whence Alum and Vitriol rather hurt than help the Stomach, becau&s;e of the Mine|ral metallick Parts that are joyned to them.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Sudorificks. (See before, <HI>Alexipharmacks, Diaphoreticks.</HI>)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They agree in vertue with Cardiacks. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their differences as to their matter and faculties. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of a <HI>Sudorifick Diet,</HI> and where it has place. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sudorificks are not profitable for every Humour without di&s;tinc|tion. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Lean Per&s;ons indure &s;weating well. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What Humours may be expelled by &s;weating. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wherein the vertue of &s;ome Sudorificks con&s;i&s;ts. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are hurtful for &s;ome. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweat is not to be provoked before the Humours are di&s;po&s;ed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t but Sweat once a day, and that in the Morning. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t Sweat &s;everal times, and not once for all. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweat is not to be provoked in acute Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All are not to be compelled to Sweat. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sweating is not to be continued too long. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Though Sweat bur&s;t not forth all of a &s;udden, yet it may come by degrees. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ab&s;ter&s;ion provokes it. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their efficacy to re&s;tore motion to the flagnating Blood. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hot drink taken whil&s;t one is a Sweating promotes the Sweat. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bezoardicum minerale</HI> is an effectual Hydrotick. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> is but a weak Medicine. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It ought to be newly prepared when u&s;ed. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tho&s;e that are in the u&s;e of a <HI>Guaiacum</HI> Diet-drink, are to be purged every eighth day. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Sudorifick Decoctions make People fat. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis not good to give a <HI>bolus</HI> of Turpentine with them. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Salts</HI> are Hydrotick. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The vertue of Decoctions depends on the Diet that is ordered in the u&s;e of them. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> is to be prepared. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The fir&s;t Decoction draws not all its vertue forth. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>China</HI> and <HI>Guaiacum</HI> are not to be mixt together. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A &s;trict Diet is not nece&s;&s;ary in the u&s;e of a Decoction of <HI>Chi|na. XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sa&s;&s;aphras</HI> affects the Head too much. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carduus bened.</HI> is to be given in &s;ub&s;tance. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>opening Roots</HI> are &s;paringly to be added to Hydroticks. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When an Hydrotick Medicine being taken provokes not Sweat, it is not therefore hurtful. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. <HI>HYdrotick</HI> Medicines, as to their ways of work|ing, and Operations, have great affinity with mo&s;t Cardiacks, commonly &s;o called, in&s;omuch that many of both kinds are of a common or reci|procal u&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis phar|mac. rat. p. m. 194.</NOTE> and &s;eeing they differ chiefly only as to their greater or le&s;&s;er efficacy, when we are bound to pa&s;s from one <HI>genus</HI> to the other, gene|rally we need only increa&s;e or le&s;&s;en the do&s;e, and chu&s;e the fitte&s;t times for admini&s;tring of them.</P>
<P N="2">II. As to the various both kind and preparation of the matter, of which hydrotick Medicines are made, they are generally either the integral or elementary parts of &s;ome mixt Body: namely <HI>either</HI> natural Concretes are given in their whole &s;ub|&s;tance, either &s;imple or extracted, as when the Leaves, Roots or Seeds of <HI>Carduus, Contrayerva, An|gelica</HI> or the like are taken in Powder, Decoction, Con&s;erve or Magi&s;terie: <HI>Or</HI> Diaphoreticks con&s;i&s;t of the Particles of this or that element; namely &s;pi|rituous, Sulphureous or Saline, either &s;imple, or &s;ome prevailing over other; as if a Salt, Spirit, or oyl be extracted from <HI>Carduus,</HI> or other vegetable, mineral or animal Body, and be reduced into the form of a Medicine either by it &s;elf, or with other Preparations. We will briefly run over all, or at lea&s;t the chief <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of them. 1. Diaphoreticks, who&s;e vertue con&s;i&s;ts in the integral Particles of the whole concrete, being unequally mixt, &s;eem to be indued with &s;ome one element more eminent than the re&s;t (<HI>viz.</HI> a Saline) and to owe their ver|tue chiefly to it. Now that Salt, upon which the <HI>hydrotick</HI> vertue depends, comes under a double &s;tate; for in &s;ome Concretes it is volatil and acri|monious or bitter; and in others Alkalizate and fixt in a &s;ort. (1.) In the former rank are mo&s;t Vegeta|bles e&s;teemed Antidotes by the Ancients, &s;uch as are the leaves of <HI>Scordium, Carduus,</HI> Scabious, Perwinkle, the flowers of Marigold, Chamomel, the roots of Burdock, Zedoary, Galangal, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Al&s;o the confecti|ons of Mithridate, Treacle, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> the de|coctions of <HI>Guaiacum, Box,</HI> and the like, are reckoned
<PB N="835" REF="381"> among the&s;e: which kind of Medicines being ta|ken into, and di&s;&s;olved in the Stomach, make a tincture, who&s;e particles, as being more hot and foreign, excite the animal Spirits, whence the <HI>praecor|dia</HI> being more briskly agitated do drive the Blood more rapidly about: yea they enter into &amp; ferment the Blood that is in the Stomach-ve&s;&s;els, and &s;o whil&s;t they make it to be carried back more ha&s;ti|ly by the Veins towards the Heart, they make it al&s;o to be driven more vehemently, even &s;o as to cau&s;e &s;weat, by the Arteries into the habit of the Body. (2.) The other &s;ort of Diaphoreticks, which whil&s;t they con&s;i&s;t of the Integral parts of the Mixt, have an Alkali Salt predominant, are Stones, and the Bony or Shelly parts of Animals and Vegeta|bles, as Bezoar, Perls, the Eyes and Claws of Crabs, and the like, who&s;e Diaphoretick vertue proceeds chiefly from an Alkali Salt, ina&s;much namely as the particles hereof &s;ometimes meeting with an acid Salt both in the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> and Blood, and efferve&s;cing therewith, thereby cau&s;e the ma&s;s of Blood to be fu&s;ed, and its &s;ero&s;ities to be &s;eparated and re&s;olved into &s;weat. 2. Hydrotick Medicines which after a &s;pagirical analy&s;is owe their vertue to the&s;e or tho&s;e elementary particles, being framed out of divers &s;ubjects and with a dif|ferent preparation, are chiefly either Spirituous or Saline, or both together combined one with ano|ther, or with &s;ome Sulphureous particles. For &s;uch as are wholly or for the greate&s;t part Sul|phureous, are le&s;s accommodate to this intention, becau&s;e &s;uch being generally offen&s;ive to the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> do often cau&s;e a <HI>nau&s;ea</HI> and &s;ometimes a Vomiting: Moreover tho&s;e which through plenty of Sulphur are oyly and fat, do not &s;o readily in&s;inuate their Particles into the ma&s;s of Blood. After what man|ner, and by what affection of the Blood or Spirits this &s;econd &s;ort do move a Diaphore&s;is, we will in|quire particularly: And (1.) to the Spirituous we refer <HI>hot waters</HI> and all &s;orts of Liquors endued with a vinous Spirit, &s;uch as are commonly di&s;tilled by Chymi&s;try out of the fruits or juices of Vegetables matured by fermentation or re&s;olved by putrefac|tion, as <HI>the Spirits of Wine, of the berries of Juniper and Elder, of black Cherries,</HI> &amp;c. Such vinous Liquors as the&s;e being taken inwardly, both ina&s;much as they erect the Animal Spirits and excite them into a greater expan&s;ion, and al&s;o in that they exagitate the Blood, and (as by the addition of oyl to a flame) cau&s;e it to be more accended, do procure a diaphore&s;is. (2.) For procuring a diaphore&s;is <HI>Saline preparations</HI> of divers kinds and different &s;tates are pre&s;cribed with &s;ucce&s;s; which yet do not, like the Particles of an intire mixt, or like the merely &s;pirituous, either by their heterogeneity exagitate the Blood, or by their inflammability accend it, but only by acting upon its Saline Particles, which whil&s;t they &s;natch into their embraces, they pull them from their too &s;trict combination with others, whereby the compages of the Blood being loo&s;en|ed and the Pul&s;e increa&s;ed, the &s;uperfluous &s;ero&s;i|ties and other recrements may the ea&s;ilier part therefrom and be &s;ent off by Sweat. To this rank ought Salts of almo&s;t every condition, but e&s;peci|ally the <HI>volatil fluid, fixt</HI> and <HI>nitrous,</HI> to be referred, of which either alone, or compounded with one another, are the Diaphoreticks of the chiefe&s;t note made, which being taken inwardly, and meeting with other Salts that are as well in the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> as in the ma&s;s of Blood, and calling them out of the em|braces of other Particles, do unlock and rarefie the Blood, and thereby di&s;po&s;e to a Diaphore&s;is.&mdash; 1. The Diaphoreticks who&s;e ba&s;es are the integral Parts of a mixt, wherein likewi&s;e an acrimonious or volatil Salt is predominant, do often on this ac|count contribute to the procuring of Sweat, ina&s;|much as their Particles being received into the Blood, &s;eeing they can neither be mixt therewith nor tamed, do exagitate, greatly divide and part as it were into &s;mall Particles the ma&s;s thereof, &s;o that at length the compages of the Blood being ve|ry much loo&s;ened and wrought into an efferve&s;|cence, the &s;uperfluous &s;ero&s;ities, and the recrements and corrupted particles of the Blood are ca&s;t forth together with the particles of the Medicine that are to be thrown off becau&s;e of their heterogenei|ty. 2. Sudorifick Medicines prepared of the elemen|tary parts of a Mixt, have for their ba&s;is either a Spirit or Salt, &s;ometimes &s;imple, &s;ometimes combi|ned with another Salt, or with Sulphur. To Dia|phoreticks who&s;e ba&s;es are Spirits with other ele|mentary particles combined (as for example, a drachm of <HI>mixtura &s;implex</HI> in a convenient vehicle) are referred tho&s;e which con&s;i&s;t of a Spirit; a fixt Salt, or Sulphur combined; of which &s;ort are the tincture of the &s;alt of Tartar and Antimony, the do&s;e whereof is from one &s;cruple to two in &s;ome liquor: Moreover di&s;tilled waters, wherein the &s;pi|rituous particles are diluted with the watry, u&s;e to be often given with &s;ucce&s;s for provoking &s;weat. The do&s;es of the afore&s;aid waters may be actuated by the addition of Chymical liquors or Salts. Medicines of this &s;ort being endued with a vinous Spirit, are chiefly and almo&s;t &s;olely profi|table for old men, and for &s;uch as are endued with a cold temperament, or are &s;ubject to the Pal&s;ie or Drop&s;ie: But in an hot con&s;titution, and where there is an heat of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> or a febrile efferve&s;|cence of the Blood, they u&s;e to do more harm than good, ina&s;much as they rarefie the former and accend this latter too much. The Diaphoreticks, which have a <HI>&s;aline ba&s;is</HI> as they are of a various na|ture (<HI>viz.</HI> accordingly as it is a volatil, fixt, a|cetous or nitrous Salt) &s;o they are of a different u&s;e and operation: whence in &s;ome ca&s;es one &s;ort is better, and in others another or another. A <HI>fixt</HI> and <HI>volatil Salt</HI> are be&s;t for tho&s;e who&s;e Blood is very full of a &s;erous Humour: Be&s;ides, if the li|quor that waters the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> and <HI>genus nervo&s;um</HI> do at any time wax eager, as it u&s;es to do in the Drop|&s;ical and Cacochymical, and tho&s;e who are &s;ubject to &s;pa&s;modick Di&s;ea&s;es, the&s;e Medicines are more profitably admini&s;tred for procuring &s;weat: for meeting with the acido-&s;aline particles of the Hu|mours and clo&s;ing with them, they unlock the com|pages of the Blood, and al&s;o through the hetero|geneous mixture do exagitate its ma&s;s, &s;o that its &s;ero&s;ities are more ea&s;ily &s;eparated and driven out|wards through the pores of the Skin. 3. Diaphore|ticks which have a nitrous &s;alt for their ba&s;is, &s;eem to help in the &s;ame ca&s;es almo&s;t as the former con|&s;i&s;ting of a fixt and volatil Salt, namely ina&s;much as they de&s;troy the predominancies of an acid Salt, and &s;o di&s;po&s;e the mixture of the Blood, that while it efferve&s;ces, its <HI>&s;erum</HI> and recrements may be the more ea&s;ily &s;eparated and &s;ent off. 4. Dia|phoreticks who&s;e ba&s;is is an acid Salt, are chiefly profitable again&s;t the predominancies of a fixt Salt or Sulphur. Namely if at any time through the &s;aline fixt particles combined with the Sulphureous or earthy, the ma&s;s of Blood become too much locked up and con&s;tringed, &s;o that it cannot ea&s;ily let go its &s;ero&s;ities to be &s;ent off by &s;weat (as &s;ometimes is u&s;ual in continual Fevers and the Scurvy) an acid Salt in the Medicine that is given meeting with a fixed Salt in our Body, and &s;natch|ing it into its embraces, takes away the undue combinations thereof, and &s;o unlocks the efferve&s;|cent Blood, and di&s;po&s;es it to &s;weat. 5. Some Me|dicines that are wholly, or for the greate&s;t part Sulphureous, are commonly reckoned in the number of Diaphoreticks, as namely &s;ome natural Bal&s;ams, and &s;ome factitious ones, al&s;o chymical oyls, e&s;pe|cially tho&s;e of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> Box, Camphor, Harts-horn and Soot; likewi&s;e the re&s;inous extracts of heavy woods, with many others, which though of them|&s;elves they make little towards the provoking of &s;weat, yet being joined with other &s;aline things I
<PB N="836" REF="382"> think them to be not altogether unprofitable, ina&s;|much as in a colder and too Phlegmatick a con&s;titu|tion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi&s;. Pharm. rat. p. m. 196. &amp; &s;eq.</NOTE> Sulphureo &s;aline Remedies do rarefie the over watry Blood and di&s;po&s;e it to a freer evaporation no le&s;s than &s;pirituous things.</P>
<P N="3">III. The ba&s;es of a <HI>Sudorifick Diet-drink</HI> are the decoctions of liquors for the cure of the Pox and &s;ome other chronical Di&s;ea&s;es deeply rooted in the Blood and Humours. For a very inten&s;e and fre|quent &s;weating (namely daily for a long time) is requi&s;ite for the cure of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es, namely not only that the impurities and corruptions of the <HI>vi&s;|cera</HI> and Humours may be carried off, but al&s;o that the morbifick tinctures that are deeply imprinted thereupon may be wholly de&s;troyed and rooted out as it were. For this purpo&s;e it will not be enough to give &s;ome &s;udorifick powder or <HI>bolus</HI> now and then, but an intire Diet ought to be ordered f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r this intention: wherefore let all the Drink be a &s;udorifick decoction, after one do&s;e whereof ta|ken al&s;o in the morning let plentiful &s;weating be provoked, making u&s;e be&s;ides of the heat of a bath or hot-Hou&s;e. Moreover &s;eeing by this means both the pores of the Skin are unlockt, and Nature al&s;o is inclined to a Diaphore&s;is, all the day after the recrements of the Blood, and nervous juice will evaporate by per&s;piration continued all along by the u&s;e of the &s;ame drink. By this method not only is the French-Pox &s;afely, and for the mo&s;t part very certainly cured, but al&s;o &s;ome other &s;tubborn Herculean Di&s;ea&s;es are &s;ometimes happily Remedied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid. p. 202.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. A <HI>watry</HI> and <HI>in&s;ipid</HI> Humour, being ea&s;ie to move, may be expelled by any &s;udorifick: but a <HI>glutinous</HI> Humour only by tho&s;e which withal have a vertue to <HI>incide</HI> and <HI>attenuate</HI> &s;uch an Humour. A <HI>&s;alt muriatick,</HI> and <HI>acid</HI> or <HI>&s;owr</HI> Humour yields chiefly to volatil Salts, &amp; u&s;es to follow their motion to the &s;urface of the Body. So that, as I &s;aid before of Vomits, &s;o I ought to &s;ay now of <HI>Sudorificks</HI> al&s;o, <HI>that they are diver&s;e according to the Humour which they carry forth:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> m m l. 1. c. 11. &sect;. 8. <HI>&amp;c.</HI></NOTE> Which I cannot &s;ufficiently admire that it has been ob&s;erved by none hitherto. &para; Among&s;t <HI>Sudorificks</HI> are commonly reckoned the roots of <HI>Smal|lage, Burdock, Angelica, Fennil, Burnet, Zedoary, Gentian, Contrayerva, Ma&s;terwort,</HI> &amp;c. all which being <HI>Aroma|tick</HI> have hitherto been thought to move &s;weat in|a&s;much as they incide a <HI>Phlegmatick, glutinous</HI> Humour and make it <HI>moveable,</HI> and withal drive it forward every way, and &s;o to the pores of the Skin al&s;o: moreover the &s;ame roots, of which &s;ome are <HI>bitter,</HI> others otherwi&s;e <HI>Acrimonious,</HI> do temper and correct more or le&s;s an <HI>acid,</HI> or <HI>&s;owr</HI> Humour al&s;o, as likewi&s;e a <HI>Salt muriatick,</HI> and &s;o likewi&s;e do promote &s;weat which in many Di&s;ea&s;es is hindred by them. Hither ought to be referred the leaves of <HI>Card. Be|ned. and its Seed, Maiden-hair, Scabious, the flowers of red Po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">py, of Elder, Chamomel, Centaury,</HI> &amp;c. as al&s;o the wood of <HI>Guaiacum, Sa&s;&s;afras, Juniper, Oak, Box,</HI> &amp;c. which all help in like manner, in regard they either cut <HI>tough Phlegm,</HI> or alter and correct <HI>acid, &s;owr</HI> Humours and the &s;alt muriatick. Hither ought to be referred all the <HI>volatil Salts of Harts-horn, &V;rine, &s;al Armoniack, Bones, Blood, Hoofs, Horns,</HI> as performing the &s;ame thing, and helping every way. More|over the <HI>Bezoar &s;tone both Oriental</HI> and <HI>Occidental,</HI> do <HI>infringe</HI> and <HI>concentrate</HI> an <HI>Acid;</HI> the &s;ame is al&s;o re|ported of the <HI>&s;tone found in a mans Gall-Bladder:</HI> The like is to be &s;aid of <HI>Crabs-eyes, Corals, Perls,</HI> &s;hells and the like, which being u&s;ed when an <HI>Acid</HI> offends, do often provoke &s;weat. This is true in a &s;pecial manner of <HI>Opium,</HI> which is chiefly in cau&s;e that all Opiats provoke &s;weat; <HI>Opium</HI> namely by its <HI>bitter|ne&s;s</HI> does <HI>incide Phlegm,</HI> temper <HI>acid, &s;owr</HI> and Salt Hu|mours, and &s;o al&s;o cau&s;es &s;weat. <HI>Terra &s;igillata</HI> con|tains in it that which tempers all &s;orts of <HI>Acrimony,</HI> on which account al&s;o it &s;eems to promote &s;weat|ing. <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum</HI> and <HI>Bezoardicum Mine|rale,</HI> in regard it is rendred fixt, and indeed by rea&s;on of its Sulphur, does <HI>temper</HI> every thing that is <HI>acrimonious</HI> and reduces it to mediocrity, and &s;o al&s;o promotes the driving forth of &s;weat. <HI>Mercurius praecipitatus Diaphoreticus,</HI> made of &s;ublimate corro&s;ive Mercury di&s;&s;olved in water by boyling, precipita|ted and &s;weetned by pouring thereto the oyl of Tartar <HI>per deliquium,</HI> does al&s;o promote &s;weat by di&s;|&s;olving glutinous Phlegm,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem &sect;. 14. &amp; &s;eqq.</NOTE> whence it is al&s;o good for ob&s;tructions. &para; The u&s;e of Sudorificks is pro|per for &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es who&s;e cau&s;e Nature often thru&s;ts forth to the habit of the Body by a &s;ponta|neous motion: Otherwi&s;e &s;weat is not to be pro|voked indifferently both on the account of the Di&s;ea&s;es and of the Sudorificks them&s;elves. If there be thin, watry nitro&s;ulphureous, acid, &s;alt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Humours in the Body, and they be made apt for excretion by dige&s;tives, or if others abound which may be ea&s;ily attenuated by Medicines, 'tis &s;afe to make u&s;e of Sudorificks, e&s;pecially if the I|dea of the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frider. Hof|man. m. m. lib. 1. c. 11.</NOTE> the &s;trength of the Body and the di&s;po&s;ition of the inward <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> be an&s;wer|able.</P>
<P N="5">V. Fat men are not ra&s;hly to be &s;oaked with &s;weating:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vidus vidius l. 11. de cur. generat.</NOTE> the lean that have a &s;oft and loo&s;e skin are mo&s;t di&s;po&s;ed to &s;weat.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Not all humours are profitably le&s;&s;en'd and evacuated by &s;weat, but only &s;ome; not blood, nor choler, but all &s;orts of phlegm, and all <HI>Serum</HI> as well the watry, as the &s;alt Muriatick, the acid and &s;owr. But glutinous phlegm, &s;eeing it is not &s;o fit for motion, ought fir&s;t, or at the &s;ame time to be incided, attenuated and made fluid, that it may the more ea&s;ily be driven forth by or with &s;weat: &s;o an acid &s;owr humour ought to be prepa|red for its expul&s;ion by &s;weat. That the menti|oned humours are driven and expelled through the Pores of the skin and &s;o by &s;weat, appears from the &s;weat it &s;elf, which &s;ometimes comes forth glutinous, often watry and in&s;ipid, &s;ome|times muriatick or brine-like, &s;ometimes al&s;o &s;omewhat acid or &s;owr: and I think that there &s;ometimes, though but very &s;eldom, flows forth a &s;weat that is bitter; though it has never been ob&s;erved by me or others that &s;uch a &s;weat has been procured by art and by the help of Medi|cines, but that it has been &s;pontaneous.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Boe m. m. l. 1. c. 11.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. There are but a few true &s;udorifick Medi|cines, and among&s;t the&s;e <HI>Opium</HI> is the chief: for the rea&s;on why Treacle or Mithridate cau&s;e &s;weat, is wholly from the <HI>Opium</HI> that is mixt with them. I know by experience that the&s;e two Electuaries prepared without <HI>Opium,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. p. 65.</NOTE> do not provoke &s;weat at all.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. I have often ob&s;erved that Melancholick per&s;ons who have had a very hot Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ge&s;ner. in Epi&s;t.</NOTE> have be|come Leprous by the too much u&s;e of <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> and I have &s;een others that have had an hot Liver,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>H. ab Heers Ob&s;. 22.</HI> where is a Story of a young Man that became leprous from a repeated u&s;e of the Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum.</HI></NOTE> to get the Jaundi&s;e and other very ill Di&s;ea&s;es by a decoction thereof, unle&s;s it were very &s;mall and made of Wood that grew far from the bark.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Body ought to be prepared two ways that it may be <HI>made apt to &s;weat:</HI> 1. by le&s;&s;ening the quantity of the Humour; 2. by rendring all the Body &s;oft and loo&s;e, and opening the pores; 3. by &s;o attenuating the thick Humours that they may ea&s;ily penetrate through any pa&s;&s;ages. Yet we mu&s;t &s;hew which way that can conveniently be done, &s;eeing many are mi&s;erably tormented in vain with Sudorifick preparations and Bed-cloaths, whereby the faculty is rather wearied than any benefit accruing thereby. Now the Medicines which prepare the Body for &s;weating ought to be the &s;ame as tho&s;e which provoke &s;weat it &s;elf, &s;uch as warm the Humours by their heat and moi&s;ture: yet there is this difference, that upon taking the Medicines which are for preparation, the Patients are by no means to be compelled to &s;weat, but to compo&s;e them&s;elves to re&s;t or &s;leep, without lay|ing
<PB N="837" REF="382"> on them any more cloaths than u&s;ual; and the&s;e I u&s;e in this manner, I give the Patient a &s;ufficient quantity of &s;ome decoction a little more than lukewarm betimes in the morning, and for|bid him to &s;weat; and I give the like draught again a good while after a light &s;upper, and the next day betimes in the morning I admini&s;ter a Su|dorifick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de prae<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">d. med. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">u.</NOTE> fir&s;t ordering the Patient for &s;weating by covering him warm.</P>
<P>&para; Before the Humours offending in the Body be apt and di&s;po&s;ed for expul&s;ion by &s;weat, &s;weat|ing is endeavoured with the prejudice and hurt of the Patients, for there will either none come forth, or not &s;ave that which is violent, whence the &s;ick per&s;on will be nece&s;&s;arily weakned. As often as a Phy&s;ician endeavours this, &s;o often he betrays him&s;elf to be unskilful in his art. A Phy|&s;ician that minds his bu&s;ine&s;s, will not find it hard to avoid this inconvenience; if 1. from the Symp|toms that are pre&s;ent and the preceding diet he find out the true fault of the Humours; if 2. (when Sudorifick Medicines &s;hall be fit to conquer it) he chu&s;e &s;uch as may produce the de&s;ired ef|fect; if 3. he do not very much force &s;weat, but by dealing gently ob&s;erve whether the Body be rightly and &s;ufficiently di&s;po&s;ed to cheri&s;h a &s;weat and after the u&s;e of the Sudorificks expect the fur|ther preparation and correcting of the Humours: For if he u&s;ed &s;uch Sudorificks as were fitted for the correcting and amending of the offending Hu|mour, though no &s;weat followed, yet he will do good in amending of the vitious Humours, and pre|paring for a more ea&s;ie &s;weating afterwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; Append. tract. 4. &sect;. 225 &amp; &s;eqq.</NOTE> For Su|dorificks that are fit for altering and correcting of vitious Humours, are always u&s;ed with benefit, if the Body be not too much loaded with Bed-cloaths.</P>
<P N="10">X. The mo&s;t <HI>convenient time for &s;weating</HI> is the morning, and that on an empty Stomach: for then the &s;weat comes forth more ea&s;ily and plentifully, nor is there danger of any harm, which we &s;hould de&s;ervedly fear if &s;weat were to be procured after aliments lately taken. For it is one thing at dinner and &s;upper or a little after to take the fore|&s;aid decoctions, not to procure &s;weat, but to cut and correct Phlegm and temper acid Humours; and another thing to u&s;e them for expelling &s;weat pre&s;ently,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ib<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d &sect;. 244.</NOTE> and that powerfully: for as I approve of the former, &s;o I di&s;approve of this latter.</P>
<P N="11">XI. In provoking of &s;weats Art imitateth the wonderful artifice of Nature: for in Fevers and other Di&s;ea&s;es &s;he never evacuates by &s;weat all at once, but at &s;everal times and by intervals, which is proved by long ob&s;ervation, namely part of the phlegm and choler being by degrees attenuated and turn'd into <HI>halitus</HI> for the greater part. There|fore as it is impo&s;&s;ible to Nature, or however difficult, to attenuate all the offending matter at once,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. 12.</NOTE> &s;o as that it may bur&s;t forth into one only &s;weat; &s;o Art ought to take example by Nature.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Yet Art differs from Nature in this &s;ort of evacuation, becau&s;e &s;he never attempts &s;weating &s;afely and to health, but in acute Di&s;ea&s;es as being cau&s;ed by thin Humours and &s;uch as may ea&s;ily be further attenuated and turned into <HI>halitus:</HI> but Art never bids us procure &s;weat but in the mo&s;t difficult and long Di&s;ea&s;es, though they be cau&s;ed by a thick matter. The rea&s;on is, becau&s;e acute Di&s;ea&s;es do wholly refu&s;e Medicines that provoke &s;weat; for &s;eeing &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es are hotter than they &s;hould be,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> they are very much exa&s;pe|rated by tho&s;e Medicines which are al&s;o hot.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Tho&s;e who have hot Lungs, have thin-Hu|mours, and are therefore prone to &s;weat: &s;o we &s;ee the Phthi&s;ical to &s;weat almo&s;t continually, and to be weakned &s;o much thereby, that the Phy&s;ici|an is nece&s;&s;itated to hinder their &s;weating.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 66.</NOTE> &para; Tho&s;e do ami&s;s that provoke &s;weat in Drop&s;ical per&s;ons by a decoction of <HI>Guaiacum:</HI> For you &s;hall &s;ooner draw water out of a &s;tone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Enchir. med. Pract.</NOTE> than &s;weat from a withered or refrigerated Liver:</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Tho&s;e are ill advi&s;ed who order their Pa|tient to continue his &s;weat for four or five hours: one hour or two at the mo&s;t is enough. We mu&s;t take heed the fle&s;h be not colliquated by too great a <HI>diaphore&s;is,</HI> and &s;o in&s;tead of doing good we do more harm. It is tyrannical coun&s;el to dige&s;t the Body by &s;weat, whil&s;t the &s;oul faints and lan|gui&s;hes. Pro&s;ecute &s;weating &s;o long as Nature can bear it without langui&s;hing:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. Met. p. 576.</NOTE> an argument here|of is a full and free pul&s;e. <HI>Concerning an hydrocathartick diet</HI> &s;ee the title of <HI>purgation</HI> &sect; 52.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Daily experience &s;hews, that Sudorificks being often taken, I mean &s;uch as are gentle, and the Patient covered indifferent but not over warm, &s;weat that came not forth at fir&s;t will i&s;&s;ue out afterwards, and that to the great benefit of the Patient. Moreover if the pores in the &s;urface of the Body be &s;traitned by the external cold, or rather Phlegmatick Humours be coagulated there that ob&s;truct the pores and &s;o hinder &s;weat, by taking Sudorificks prepared of Inciders, the &s;aid Phlegm will be di&s;&s;olved again,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Boe append. tract. 7. &sect;. 311.</NOTE> the ob&s;truction will be loo&s;ed, the pores will be opened, and a way will be procured again for the &s;weat that is after|wards to follow.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. <HI>Galen</HI> 8. <HI>meth. c.</HI> 8. for the cure of an <HI>Ephe|meris</HI> or Diary Fever cau&s;ed by a con&s;tipation of the pores, commends ab&s;ter&s;ion for the provoking of &s;weat: which advice that it is good is manife&s;t, becau&s;e if the &s;weat be ab&s;terged or wiped off, and &s;o do not ob&s;truct the pores or breathing-places of the Body, it occa&s;ions the arrival of more. Be|&s;ides, ab&s;ter&s;ion is made with rubbing, which calls out the heat, opens the pores and draws the Hu|mours from the centre to the circumference. On the contrary <HI>Paulus (l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 47.) affirms, that &s;weat bur&s;ting forth in a Cri&s;is is to be received &s;o long as till there be enough evacuated: for he &s;ays that &s;weat helps with an indifferent heat and re&s;t, &s;o that it be neither wiped off, <HI>&amp;c. And afterwards,</HI> But when &s;weat has i&s;&s;ued forth largely, then it is con|venient to relieve the Patient by wiping of him and taking off &s;ome of the Bed-clothes; for immode|rate &s;weating wearies the Patient and often cau&s;es fainting away, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If therefore he be to be wiped that &s;weat may not be provoked, then he is not to be wiped for the procuring of it; for &s;weat by its heat keeps the pores of the Skin open and draws the Humours to the habit. Reconcile them by &s;aying, That <HI>Paulus</HI> forbids much and hard rubbing, which according to his opinion depre&s;&s;es, di&s;&s;olves, and debilitates the bulk of the Body, and makes Bodies more den&s;e and unapt for &s;weat; and that <HI>Galen</HI> is to be under&s;tood of that which is &s;oft and gentle.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. When the Blood &s;tagnates and &s;tops in its Ve&s;&s;els, motion is mo&s;t happily procured to it by Sudorificks, &s;ometimes by Vene&s;ection: by the help of tho&s;e the Blood is not only made more fluid and moveable, but the &s;ame is moreover actually mo|ved, and more and more rarefied by the volatil Salt that is in them and by its &s;tay alone does by degrees loo&s;e the Blood more or le&s;s concreted by its own acid Spirit and therefore agitates it. Whence a more frequent and greater pul&s;e u&s;es to be the companion of &s;weat; for whil&s;t the volatil Salt of Sudorificks arrives at the right ventricle of the heart, and the Blood there becomes more rare, and does not only of its own accord &s;eek an exit for it &s;elf, but by further widening the ventri|cle of the Heart, it excites the &s;ame to both a more frequent and &s;tronger contraction of it &s;elf,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; pract. l. 1. c. 34. &sect;. 29.</NOTE> and therefore moves the Blood more that before was &s;omewhat deficient in its motion, and promotes its cour&s;e every way from the Heart.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Not only Medicines taken inwardly, yea and <HI>hot drink</HI> drunk freely provoke &s;weat; but ma|ny external things al&s;o: Thus the air alone heat|ed by art and making a dry bath in a &s;tove, or &s;it|ting by a good fire, powerfully draw forth &s;weat;
<PB N="838" REF="383"> and when a watry humidity is redundant in the Bo|dy, it is driven forth by &s;weat this way ea&s;ily and happily enough, but &s;o is not a <HI>&s;owr,</HI> or <HI>acid,</HI> or <HI>Salt Muriatick Humour:</HI> though a glutinous Humour may thus al&s;o be both attenuated and expelled by &s;weat, if &s;o be it be continued long enough, le&s;t the &s;ame Humour being di&s;&s;olved by the fire and driven all about be again coagulated in the capil|lary Ve&s;&s;els and there breed ob&s;tructions and ma|ny mi&s;chiefs that follow thereupon.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem m m. l. 1. c. 11. &sect; 27.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. <HI>Bezoardicum minerale</HI> is prepared of the But|ter of Antimony, by pouring thereon the Spirit of Nitre or <HI>aqua Stygia.</HI> Where it is to be ob&s;erved, that whil&s;t the&s;e two liquors are mixed together, the Salts meeting by and by with one another are &s;trictly combined, and in the mean time the Sul|phureous particles, which are in great plenty, be|ing utterly excluded fly away, &amp; carrying &s;ome &s;a|line Bodies with them rai&s;e an heat and very &s;tink|ing &s;moak: the&s;e being driven away, the &s;aline that are left are more &s;trictly combined with &s;ome earthy ones of the Antimony, and at length having undergone the fire, that the Emetick Sulphur may wholly exhale, and the corro&s;ive &s;tings of the Salts may be de&s;troyed, they make an excellent Dia|phoretick, ina&s;much namely as the different Salts of the Medicine do meet with the Salts of our Bo|dy, with which being joined, the <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood and Humours are loo&s;ened,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willi&s;. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">harm. rat. p. m. 208.</NOTE> &s;o that there lies open a free pa&s;&s;age to the &s;erous recrement. The do&s;e is from a &s;cruple to a drachm.</P>
<P N="20">XX. Though a certain preparation of <HI>Antimony</HI> be called <HI>Diaphoretick,</HI> I know not to what &s;ort of its particles this vertue can be attributed; and I have often in vain expected &s;uch an effect from this Medicine. It is often profitably given to &s;tay fluxions of the <HI>Serum</HI> or Blood, becau&s;e this earth being deprived of its proper Salts, does imbibe &s;trange acid Salts, which it meets with by chance in the Body: which kind of vertue <HI>Crocus Martis</HI> prepared by a reverberatory fire &s;eems to obtain from the like cau&s;e.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> is rightly given with the <HI>&s;pecies de hyacintho, pulvis ruber Pannonicus</HI> and others for the promoting of expul&s;ion. But we mu&s;t note that it ought to be rightly and newly prepared, for as it grows old, it returns to its own Nature and Emetick vertue. Wherefore I advi&s;e never to mix Antimony with tho&s;e Powders but at the time when you are about to u&s;e them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ign. Franc. Thiermair. con&s;. l. 1. c. 7.</NOTE> for till then 'tis be&s;t to keep them apart.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Let Phy&s;icians be mindful that tho&s;e who are engaged in a Diet of <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> if they be not Purged every 8th or 10th day, and unle&s;s they go to &s;tool every day once,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Heer de A|cidulis p. 100.</NOTE> do incur very grievous Symptoms.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Mo&s;t now e&s;teem that Paradox for truth, that Decoctions of <HI>Guaiacum, Sar&s;a, Sa&s;&s;afras, China</HI> and the like make People fat: Which <HI>Horat. Guargantius</HI> in his <HI>re&s;p. medic.</HI> p. 235. thus explains: The&s;e De|coctions do attenuate indeed and dry up naughty and excrementitious Humours, but leave the good and profitable untoucht: Therefore they bring no hurt to the wa&s;ted and emaciated. For &s;eeing lean|ne&s;s and a fle&s;hle&s;s habit proceed from bad nutriti|on, and bad nutrition from acrimonious and &s;alt Humours which con&s;ume the &s;weet and profitable Blood, and hinder the Fat from being agglutina|ted; therefore it follows, that when tho&s;e vitious juices are con&s;umed by the fore&s;aid Decoctions, the Body is of cour&s;e rightly nouri&s;hed and fatned. Thus far <HI>Guargantius. Arcaeus</HI>'s way of curing Phthi&s;i|cal People by a Decoction of the Wood is well known, whereby he affirms they are not only hurt, but al&s;o grow fle&s;hy.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. There are &s;ome who with an hydrotick Decoction give a <HI>Bolus</HI> of Turpentine and Ground-Ivy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but I like not the rai&s;ing of two motions at the &s;ame time: therefore rather make a <HI>Bolus</HI> of the powder of Harts-horn,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis Cent. 1. Con&s;. 65.</NOTE> Vipers and &s;ome appro|priate Salt.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. Be&s;ides <HI>Opium</HI> Salts promote Sweat, name|ly by their fu&s;ory quality; but 'tis nece&s;&s;ary they &s;hould be depurated: whence common Salt and <HI>&s;al gemmae</HI> promote it not at all. All Herbs that contain much Salt in them, drive forth al&s;o much &s;weat, as Wormwood, <HI>Carduus bened.</HI> being given in a &s;ufficient Do&s;e.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. It is an error of the Moderns to u&s;e De|coctions with water for fluxions, &s;eeing it is clear that what&s;oever Remedies are taken under the form of drink, though they be of a dry Nature, yet they alwayes increa&s;e moi&s;ture in the Body, e&s;pecially if they be taken at Meals. Now I gue&s;s that the Phy&s;icians our predece&s;&s;ors were deceived by the Diet that u&s;es to be pre&s;cribed to them who u&s;e <HI>hydrotick Decoctions:</HI> Who having ob&s;erved that &s;ome troubled with long continued de&s;tillati|ons, were cured thereof by a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> or <HI>&s;ar&s;aparilla</HI> or the like, which they had taken for the cure of the <HI>French Pox,</HI> brought in Decoctions of drying Woods and Roots, which had not at all been u&s;ed for this purpo&s;e before, for the cure of De&s;tillations: and the cure &s;ucceeded happily as long as they ob&s;erved that exact Diet of thorough|ly-baked Bread (or Bisket) with Rai&s;ins, limited to a certain quantity, and wholly ab&s;tain'd from drinking of Wine: But after that our Phy&s;icians indulging the complaints of their Patients, began to allow them Fle&s;h, Eggs and Wine, it has been &s;eldom ob&s;erved that De&s;tillations have been cured by the&s;e Decoctions: which is an evident argument that the Catarrhs were cured formerly not by the vertue of the Decoction, but by the drying Diet. Which yet not ob&s;erving, and referring the diffi|culty of the cure to the &s;tubbornne&s;s of the Di|&s;ea&s;e, they will not yet give over &s;uch Decoctions; nay by repeating them often and adding dry Ba<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hs al&s;o, whereby they draw the moi&s;ture to the Skin with violence, they torment the mi&s;erable Patients with &s;weating, and which is wor&s;e, very oft by burning the Humours and perverting the natural temper of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> they make tho&s;e Catarrhs acrimonious and &s;alt which of their own nature were mild and placid: Not con&s;idering that <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> (1. <HI>de morb. mul. &s;ect.</HI> 3. <HI>v.</HI> 183.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;p. Mar|tian. com. in dict. loc.</NOTE>) u&s;ed a clean contrary way for the bringing out of the &s;ame moi&s;ture.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. In making the Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> we mu&s;t have &s;pecial care that the oily &amp; acid Spirits, that otherwi&s;e by rea&s;on of their thinne&s;s are very apt to exhale in the common boiling of Apotheca|ries, may be pre&s;erved as much as they can by art, becau&s;e the Sudori&s;ick vertue of the <HI>Guaiacum</HI> con&s;i&s;ts mo&s;t in the&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. Hor&s;t. Decad. 2. q. 9.</NOTE> which vertue is increa&s;ed if the Salt extracted Chymically from the calcined <HI>faeces</HI> be mixt therewith.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Tho&s;e are much mi&s;taken who think to draw out all the vertue of the Wood at the fir&s;t Decoction:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Crato apud Scholtz. Epi&s;t. 158.</NOTE> for the &s;econd Docoction is &s;ometimes &s;tronger than the fir&s;t.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. <HI>China</HI> and <HI>Guaiacum,</HI> &s;eeing they are of an unlike nature, are not to be mixt together: which I chiefly gather from the duration of each Decocti|on. Becau&s;e the Decoction of <HI>China</HI> continues not good above 24 hours, but will pre&s;ently putrefie; but a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> will continue good e|ven for eight days. You will &s;ay that the making a Decoction of the&s;e two in no greater a quantity than may be &s;pent in one day, will prevent the danger of Putrefaction: I will admit this indeed, but this is no rea&s;on why the mixture of the&s;e two together &s;hould not be &s;u&s;pected, becau&s;e the De|coction of <HI>China</HI> being &s;o apt to putrefie, exerci&s;es its Operation: and if any thing be added which may change the nature of this Decoction, its ope|ration will be changed al&s;o, which is always joyn|ed with the proper nature of the Decoction. And
<PB N="839" REF="383"> I would &s;ay moreover that experience teaches that the&s;e two Medicines do not endure one onother: when to plea&s;ure &s;ome Phy&s;icians I have admitted of their mixture,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hor. Augen. tom. 2. l. 2. p. 379.</NOTE> truely I never &s;aw them do well.</P>
<P N="30">XXX. A <HI>Decoction of China</HI> requires not that &s;trict|ne&s;s in Diet as a Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum</HI> or <HI>Sar&s;a:</HI> For the Indians and Spaniards follow their bu&s;ine&s;s even without doors whil&s;t they drink this Decoction, and eat any thing that comes to hand, even Fi&s;h: But we in <HI>Italy</HI> never grant our Patients &s;o great liberty, becau&s;e we permit them not to go out of doors, nor to eat Fi&s;h, or eat many other things which healthy Per&s;ons u&s;e; though we are much again&s;t a very &s;trict order in Diet,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> which I com|mend again and again in the u&s;e of the Decoction of <HI>Guaiacum.</HI></P>
<P N="31"><NOTE PLACE="marg">Bened. Syl|vat. con&s;. 38. cent. 1. <HI>and</HI> con&s;. 87. cent. 3.</NOTE>XXXI. <HI>Sa&s;&s;afras</HI> would be good for many Di&s;ea|&s;es if it exhaled not too much into the Head.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>Carduus bened.</HI> operates more in &s;ub&s;tance than in Decoction: where five ounces of the De|coction were convenient,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 67.</NOTE> give a drachm of the pow|der.</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. We mu&s;t ob&s;erve concerning the Roots called <HI>Aperient,</HI> that &s;ome Practitioners mix them &s;ometimes with provokers of &s;weat, as in the &s;mall Pox (perhaps that the Humours may be attenua|ted, and more happily and ea&s;ily re&s;olved into &s;weat and vapour) which truly is to be done but in a &s;mall Do&s;e, to two or three ounces at mo&s;t, otherwi&s;e they will lead the attenuated Humours to the wayes of Urine which dimini&s;hes &s;weat;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Morellus de form. rem. c. 1.</NOTE> for which purpo&s;e the Arabians mix them with a De|coction of Lentils.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. 'Tis to be e&s;teemed no &s;mall matter that an Humour offending in the Body may be both corrected and expelled by the &s;ame Medi|cine; which 'tis &s;trange &s;hould be denied by any, and tho&s;e daily bu&s;ied in practice, who therefore are willingly ignorant of what they might ea&s;ily ob&s;erve. For there are not a few who from a ve|ry gro&s;s prejudice think, that not only Purgers, but al&s;o <HI>Sudorificks</HI> them&s;elves, as often as they do not move the Humours by Stool or Sweat, do a great deal of hurt, and ca&s;t the Patients into great dan|gers. This opinion of theirs, as I was heretofore &s;olicitous about it, &s;o I now laugh at it as vain, &s;ince experience has often taught me the contrary. Therefore there is nothing more fal&s;e, that I &s;ay not more hurtful to the Patients, than to think, that Sudorificks e&s;pecially do harm as often as &s;weat follows not upon the taking of them. I con|fe&s;s indeed if upon taking a Sudorifick the Patient be covered with a great many Bed-Cloathes, and be kept a long time under them, he will be unea&s;ie and ill, from the Bed-cloathes more than from the Medicine he has taken: but that is not to be a&s;cri|bed to the Sudorifick Medicine it &s;elf, but to the prepo&s;terous u&s;e and ill admini&s;tration of the &s;ame. &para; Therefore Sudorificks prepared of inciders and attenuaters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; append. tract. 3. &sect;. 219. &amp; &s;eqq.</NOTE> and given at &s;everal times, do loo&s;en and incide both the Humours them&s;elves that are to be driven forth by &s;weat, when they are vi&s;cid, and al&s;o others that are mixed with them and are likewi&s;e vi&s;cid, as likewi&s;e others that are coagu|lated in the pores and &s;urface of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem tract. 7. &sect;. 320.</NOTE> and di&s;po&s;e them all by degrees to the Sweat that is to follow,</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Suppo&s;itories.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What &s;uch they ought to be. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>'Tis unprofitable to make them very long. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. NEither let Suppo&s;itories be too acrimonious nor too frequent: Not too <HI>acrimonious,</HI> le&s;t by their irritation they open the hemorrhoidal Veins, &s;eeing that part is very &s;en&s;ible: Whence though they may be made even of crude Alum 3 yet &s;eeing &s;uch are too acrimonious, they are to be made u&s;e of warily. There is the like rea&s;on of others. Nor ought they to be too <HI>frequent,</HI> for by Nature's being accu&s;tom'd to them the Sphinc|ter becomes more dull, &s;o that it will promote ex|cretion unle&s;s &s;olicited thereto; which holds al&s;o of Cly&s;ters. I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved this in In|fants, in whom Suppo&s;itories being frequently u&s;ed in a continued co&s;tivene&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. pharm. p. 145.</NOTE> have as it were by ac|cident the more increa&s;ed it, ina&s;much as the &s;en&s;e being hereby made more dull, &s;eemed to require ever and anon a new application.</P>
<P N="2">II. They are made round like Candles, nine In|ches long, whence they call them Candles from the &s;imilitude. But &s;o great a length is wholly un|profitable, &s;eeing Suppo&s;itories irritate not the ex|pul&s;ive faculty &s;aving where they touch the <HI>podex</HI> or extremity of the &s;treight Gut, for that part is the mo&s;t &s;en&s;ible. Make them therefore not half that length, and about as thick as ones Finger,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. 9. m. 876.</NOTE> &s;harp at both ends, that they may be the ea&s;ilier thru&s;t in and pull'd out again.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Suppuratives.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Content.</HEAD>
<P>They are not proper for all Tumours.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P>SUppuratives are profitable for &s;anguineous Tu|mours, which are their <HI>Indicant;</HI> becau&s;e extra|va&s;ated Blood is turned into matter. But &s;uch Tu|mours as are not of the nature of the&s;e do not &s;o much require them, or if the collection of Blood be not &s;o great or rai&s;e not &s;o great a Tumour but that it may be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed or pa&s;s back again into the Veins: whence in an <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> (7. <HI>aph.</HI> 20.) one &s;hall not u&s;e them without harm. So in Malignant and Poy&s;onous Tumours they have hardly any good &s;ucce&s;s; but they are lea&s;t profitable in Me|lancholick Tumours, as in the Cancrous. Likewi&s;e they are not &s;o convenient in Parts weak by Na|ture; nor have they place in internal Parts if there be an extrava&s;ation any where, but in &s;uch ca&s;e we mu&s;t only re&s;olve, for in&s;tance in the Pleu|ri&s;ie: &s;o that Suppuratives are proper only exter|nally; and internally &s;uch things indeed as ripen and concoct the Humours, are profitable, but &s;o are not Suppuratives. But their chief u&s;e is in Byles, Ab&s;ce&s;&s;es, and Tumours that turn to the&s;e, ari&s;ing from a conffux of Blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. W. We|del. de 1. m. fac. p. 68.</NOTE> or however not without Blood, as in Glandulous Tumours, which are al&s;o hard to &s;uppurate.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="840" REF="384">
<HEAD>Thoracicks, <HI>Pneumonicks.</HI> (See l. 14. <HI>Pectoris affectus in genere,</HI> or the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t in general.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the ways; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Humours; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the expan&s;ion hindred. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their matter. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Inciders and incra&s;&s;aters are not to be confounded. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bechicks are not to be confounded with Re&s;olvers. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents are to be added to Re&s;olvents. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Too great driers are to be avoided. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>As likewi&s;e too great loo&s;eners. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THoracicks re&s;pect either 1. the <HI>ways</HI> or pa&s;&s;a|ges, that are nece&s;&s;ary for letting in and expelling the air, which they clear, and free the pipes of the Lungs from what &s;tuffs them, &s;uch as are both <HI>inciders</HI> and <HI>attenuaters,</HI> whether indued with a &s;imple volatil Salt, as <HI>Aron, Lobelius's</HI> Syrup of <HI>Ery&s;imum,</HI> or with a Bal&s;amick oyl, as <HI>Honey,</HI> which are good in thick, tough, clammy flegmatick Hu|mours, in the <HI>A&s;thma</HI> and wheezing Cough; and al|fo <HI>lenients</HI> and <HI>&s;moothers,</HI> Syrups, Lohochs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which are mo&s;t u&s;eful in an hoar&s;ene&s;s, and in a cough al&s;o in general.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. the <HI>Humours,</HI> whether <HI>thick,</HI> &s;uch as are the afore&s;aid inciders and detergers; or <HI>thin Acrimonicus, &s;alt,</HI> de&s;tilling Humours, &s;uch as are things earthy, mucilaginous, Opiats, Bole-Armene, Ma&s;tich, Frank|incen&s;e, Treacle, which are good for Salt and thin catarrhs, &s;pitting of Blood, &amp;c. or <HI>Humours declining to Putrefaction and an &V;lcer,</HI> &s;uch as are things re&s;i&s;ting Putrefaction, Bal&s;amick, earthy precipitaters, never omitting &s;moothers, and vulneraries and con&s;olida|ters, as there is occa&s;ion, which are u&s;eful in a <HI>Phthi&s;is.</HI></P>
<P N="3">III. Or 3. <HI>expan&s;ion hindred,</HI> and that as in other ca&s;es, &s;o chiefly when the afflux and irruption of the Humours attempts an inflammation and ab&s;ce&s;s, in which ca&s;e be&s;ides univer&s;al <HI>Diaphoreticks</HI> that re|duce the Blood into order, Medicines <HI>re&s;olving</HI> the coagulation are good, &s;uch as are mo&s;t Antipleuri|ticks, Antimonials for the greate&s;t part, and &s;uch things as are profitable for a fall from on high. The&s;e very things oft &s;hew Nature another way, &s;o that what is ordinarily expectorated by cough, u&s;es to be depo&s;ited by &s;tool. But in all the&s;e, expectoration is never to be neglected, but the promoters hereof retain their due prai&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Their matter as I have &s;aid above, con&s;i&s;ts of 1. <HI>Acrimonious volatils</HI> endued with a volatil Salt, as the Root of Aron, Sea-&s;quill, Mu&s;tard, <HI>Ery&s;imum;</HI> like|wi&s;e <HI>bitter</HI> things, as <HI>Scordium.</HI> 2. Things endued with a <HI>mild volatil</HI> or <HI>oyly Sulphur,</HI> as the root of flow|er-de-luce, of Fennil, of Elecampane, Sun-dew, Anni|&s;eed, Sa&s;&s;afras, Amber, Benzoin, di&s;tilled oyls. 3. <HI>Sweet</HI> and <HI>ro&s;cid mucilaginous</HI> things, Sugar-candy, Sy|rups, Lohochs of all kinds, Honey, Lykyrrhize, which two cla&s;&s;es contain mo&s;t Bechicks or Pecto|rals, not omitting re&s;olvers &s;ometimes. 4. <HI>Re&s;olvers,</HI> and partly &s;uch as dry lightly, and partly &s;uch as promote expectoration, as Crabs eyes, <HI>&s;perma ceti,</HI> Bores tooth, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Gummi Ammonia+cum,</HI> Amber, a&s;thmatick waters, Chervil. 5. <HI>Earthy</HI> precipitaters, ab&s;orbers, con&s;olidaters, as Scabious, Colts-foot, Fluellin, <HI>Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Antihecticum.</HI> Hither belong al&s;o 6. the <HI>more tempe|rate mucilaginous</HI> things, Mar&s;h-mallow, Jujubes, Se|be&s;tens, Gum Arabick, Tragacanth, Bole-Armene. The re&s;t, as 7. <HI>watry diluters,</HI> and 8. <HI>a&s;tringents</HI> ap|pear by what is already &s;aid, and &s;ome of them are common. Likewi&s;e 9. <HI>Opiats,</HI> Diacodium, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Lungs,</HI> the <HI>order</HI> of <HI>Thoracicks</HI> that incra&s;&s;ate and incide is not to be confounded nor inverted; that is, Incra&s;&s;aters are not to be given, where vi&s;cous, clammy, phlegmatick Hu|mours offend; nor inciders and attenuaters, if there be a de&s;tillation of &s;uch as are thin, &s;alt and Acrimonious.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Nor are Bechicks to be confounded with Re&s;olvers, yet they may be conveniently mixed with one another as there is occa&s;ion; as for in|&s;tance in a Pleuri&s;ie and A&s;thma 'tis be&s;t to u&s;e Re|&s;olvers more, and in a Cough or Phthi&s;ick Bechicks. But he that pre&s;umes to cure the Pleuritical with Bechicks alone, e&s;pecially with <HI>linctus</HI>'s &s;hall kill his Patient; and he that will cure the A&s;thmatical thereby, &s;hall expo&s;e him to no le&s;s danger.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t we mu&s;t not bind without Re&s;olvers, namely 1. that provi&s;ion may be made withal for the grumous Blood, as in the <HI>Haemopty&s;is</HI> (or &s;pitting of Blood) which is done by Crabs-eyes, though taken only in a &s;econdary do&s;e; both intentions are al&s;o &s;atisfied by Corals, Bole-Armene, <HI>terra &s;igillata:</HI> 2. that the tone of the Lungs, which naturally ought to be loo&s;e, may be re|garded by this means, and expan&s;ion not hin|dred.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Things al&s;o that dry too much are either to be avoided among thoracicks, or to be mixed with moi&s;teners; as for example, <HI>Antimonium Diaphore|ticum, Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Antihecticum</HI> dry more, as al&s;o common Sulphur, the flowers of the &s;ame, the pure Sulphur of Antimony. Hence al&s;o fre&s;h pectoral plants are better when we would moi&s;ten and ab&s;terge more, as for example, in a <HI>phthi&s;is</HI> or the like; but when we would con&s;olidate, as in &s;pitting of Blood, then tho&s;e which are more dry.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Too great loo&s;eners, whether inwardly or outwardly are likewi&s;e to be avoided: for they both debilitate the tone, and &s;poil the Stomach, and them&s;elves cau&s;e a want of appetite: whence it is not advi&s;eable to u&s;e pectoral <HI>linctus's</HI> in great plenty &amp; for continuance. The&s;e by further widening and dilating,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 89.</NOTE> di&s;po&s;e the more to a reception of an afflux; whence there ought to be a caution al&s;o in pectoral oyntments.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Topical <HI>Remedies.</HI></HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They do not always prerequire the u&s;e of &V;niver&s;als. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When <HI>Repellents</HI> may be u&s;ed, and when not. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They cau&s;e the Humours to return into the Ve&s;&s;els. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How long we mu&s;t repell. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By what the u&s;e of <HI>Re&s;olvents</HI> is indicated. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Empla&s;ticks are not to be added to them. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;tringents being added increa&s;e their vertue. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Empla&s;ters</HI> ought to con&s;i&s;t of a volatil matter. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them be large. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not to continue on till they fall off of their own accord. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vinegar is to be added to Malactick Gumms. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some <HI>fomentations</HI> by Bladders are unprofitable. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How <HI>Oyntments</HI> may be hindred from ob&s;tructing. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Anointing the &s;pine has been the cau&s;e of a Fever. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Powders</HI> are never to be &s;prinkled upon a part, unle&s;s it be anointed fir&s;t. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Topicks being applied to the Skin penetrate to the inner parts. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them not &s;tay too long on the part. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="841" REF="384">
<ITEM>Let not <HI>Refrigeraters</HI> be immoderate. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Oils by infu&s;ion may be u&s;ed the mo&s;t profitably. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ointments are not &s;o proper to cool. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They do not bind much. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where there is a laxity of any Part, they are not proper. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es they are to be avoided. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what Di&s;ea&s;es Epithems are more proper. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what they are unfit. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emollients are not good for melancholick Tumours. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The u&s;e of Powders in the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Belly. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. LEt's not, with the vulgar Phy&s;icians, always begin with evacuation of the Body, without any di&s;tinction. Therefore we mu&s;t know that there are four &s;orts of Di&s;ea&s;es to which our Bo|dies are &s;ubject, and that we ought not either to admit of or require that Providence in them all. 1. An intemperature of the habit &s;ometimes hap|pening to a Part does vitiate the Aliment without any acce&s;s of Humour; in which regard the cure is performed by Alteratives only without the admi|ni&s;tration of Evacuaters: yea in the &s;ame Di&s;tem|pers it is often found that Purgers do harm, as al&s;o Bleeding. 2. It often happens that the <HI>faex</HI> and va|pour of an Humour &s;etled in a Part, does defile and vitiate the Humour that arrives thither: this &s;ort of Ail requires not the agitation or purgation of an otherwi&s;e healthy Body, but the ridding and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of the matter that is &s;etled in the Part, by evaporating, &s;udorifick and deob&s;truent Medi|cines: for this kind of Malady occurs frequently in many periodical Di&s;ea&s;es and Agues; for there is left &s;omewhat feculent, whil&s;t the Body is pure and purged, in a Gouty Per&s;on in his Feet, in a Nephritick in his Kidneys, in an A&s;thmatick in his Brea&s;t, in a Tertian or Quartan Ague in the place of their Origin, keeping the Period of a lingring but long-continuing Fever; for that which is left when the cau&s;e is taken away, is not always put to flight by a purely contrary alteration, there often remains indeed a portion of the Humour &s;etled in the Part, which unle&s;s the Phy&s;ician di&s;&s;ipate by Dige&s;tives, he &s;hall u&s;e Alteratives in vain: In which as Purgations do often more harm than good, &s;o Topicks bring manife&s;t help. 3. It often hap|pens that the affection of the Part is material, and depends not on the whole, but on &s;ome &s;uperiour member, as a Di&s;ea&s;e of the Brea&s;t on a fault of the Head: In which kind of Malady 'tis nece&s;&s;ary that a Providence precede, yet not of the whole Body, but of the Part which fir&s;t &s;ends the fluxion. Wherefore neither are tho&s;e to be hearkened to, who that they may &s;eem to have purged the Head the more regularly, do fir&s;t without any need di|&s;turb the whole Body with Purgers. 4. There remains only a fourth difference of a material Ma|lady, depending on the whole, which ju&s;tly re|quires that the Body be evacuated by Purging or Bleeding before the application of Topical or local Remedies. Whence it is clear that <HI>Galen</HI> 1. <GAP DESC="foreign">. 8. &s;aid true &s;peaking of an <HI>Alopecia,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Ind. Med. l. 2. c. 1.</NOTE> That a particular Di&s;ea&s;e, if it be light, is cured by Remedies ap|plied only to the Part affected, &amp;c. &para; When we &s;ay this is to be done before the other, it is not &s;o to be under&s;tood, as if we &s;hould ab&s;tain altogether from this, till the other be perfected: we erre greatly this way in acute Di&s;tempers. As for in|&s;tance, Local Remedies are not to be applied be|fore we have made Provi&s;ion for the whole Body; nor mu&s;t we u&s;e attemperaters before evacuation; what then? &s;hall we apply nothing to the Head or Hypochondres in a Phren&s;ie or an Inflammation of the Liver, till we have let exactly &s;o much Blood as is nece&s;&s;ary? Indeed before we have let Blood 'tis not good to apply any thing to the Head or Liver; yet neither mu&s;t we tarry for an intire and perfect evacuation of Blood before we apply Re|percutients;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 3. c. 2.</NOTE> percutients; but beginning the cure always with tho&s;e things which according to Art ought to be fir&s;t, we may interpo&s;e the&s;e other, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &para; Indeed practical Precepts are never to be taken univer&s;al|ly, but they are to be moderated by the indication of urgency. For <HI>Galen</HI> affirms this al&s;o, That the Body is to be evacuated before we come to To|picks; yet in any dangerous Inflammation we ne|ver ab&s;tain therefrom till all the Blood-lettings have preceded; but when we have bled once or twice, we begin to apply tho&s;e things which &s;eem fitting. So often in the &s;ame inward Inflammations, when they did not yield enough to revul&s;ion, and I was afraid there might be great danger in the greatne&s;s of the Phlegmon, by u&s;ing bleeding on the &s;ame &s;ide, and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es upon the Part with Scari|fication, by turns, I think I have pre&s;erved &s;ome from Death to admirati<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n, when other Phy&s;icians were for delaying,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem 6 Epid.</NOTE> and ob&s;erving a Method that is not always profitable. &para; <HI>Galen</HI> was &s;o afraid of a Cacochymie, that he forbad applying Local Re|medies to the Part affected in Cacochymical Bo|dies, unle&s;s they were fir&s;t cleared by Purging and Cly&s;ters and Fa&s;ting; le&s;t the corrupt Humours ru&s;hing into a Part though but lightly affected, might &s;uffocate the innate heat thereof,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con|&s;ult. 99. Cent. 4.</NOTE> and the Di&s;ea&s;e of the Part, that otherwi&s;e were not dan|gerous, might become deadly. &para; If the offending matter be in the Part affected in &s;ome little quan|tity, then there is no inconvenience in &s;trengthening the Part; becau&s;e when the Part is &s;trengthened, that little which is left, is ea&s;ily re&s;olved by Na|ture. Thus <HI>Galen</HI> (14. <HI>Meth.</HI> 9.) &s;ays that in the beginning of a Cancer the Excrement, if it be but &s;mall, is to be repelled to the principal Parts; be|cau&s;e unle&s;s it be &s;uddenly repelled, the melan|cholick Humour pre&s;ently di&s;tends the Veins, and by their being extended the Cancer is rendred incurable. Likewi&s;e (<HI>cap.</HI> 17.) &s;peaking of an <HI>Herpes</HI> he &s;ays, If &s;ome part of the Excrement be repel|led to the principal Parts,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. de Remed. inv. c. 15.</NOTE> a little thereof does no hurt, becau&s;e it is re&s;olved by the <HI>vi&s;cera.</HI></P>
<P N="2">II. There are Nine ca&s;es wherein Repellents are not convenient: 1. When the Humour flows to the Emunctories: 2. When the matter is Poi&s;onous: 3. In a critical Motion: 4. When there is a <HI>Plethora,</HI> or Cacochymie: 5. When the Part is &s;o weak that there is danger of extingui&s;hing its heat: 6. When the matter flows to a Part that is near to a principal one: 8. Whil&s;t the matter is fixed: 9. When the Tumour is cau&s;ed by conge&s;tion. Two other ca&s;es are propo&s;ed by <HI>Guido,</HI> which may be rejected: the one is, when the Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds only from an ex|ternal cau&s;e; the &s;econd, when there flows only a thick Matter: The fir&s;t ca&s;e is very vain, becau&s;e in Wounds we forthwith u&s;e Repellents; The &s;e|cond is oppo&s;ite to <HI>Galen</HI> who (14. <HI>Meth.</HI> 17.) &s;ays, That &s;ome Repellents are cold and moi&s;t, fitted for cholerick Humours; and that others are cold and dry, which are &s;tronger, becau&s;e they bind, and the&s;e are proper for Phlegmatick and thick Humours. The &s;ame is confirmed by <HI>Galen</HI> (6. <HI>de med. local. c. ult.</HI>) where in yellowi&s;h ichors he u&s;es Repellents that are rather cooling;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. Meth. l 3. c. 3.</NOTE> but if from Phlegm, a&s;tringents. &para; Repellents do not only exert their vertue upon Di&s;ea&s;es from a fluxion of hot and thin Humours, but they al&s;o fight again&s;t cold Di&s;tempers and Fluxions. For thus does <HI>Galen</HI> (2. <HI>art. cur. ad Glauc.</HI>) bid us cure <HI>Oedema</HI>'s (or Phlegmatick Humours) namely by u&s;ing Repel|lents in the beginning, though &s;uch Maladies pro|ceed not from a thin and hot Humour, which kind he proclaims a thou&s;and times requires Re|pellents.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Is the efficacy of Repellents &s;uch, as to cau&s;e <HI>that</HI> to be re&s;umed into the Veins, which was &s;lid out of them into unnatural &s;paces? That this is po&s;&s;ible, is proved, 1. By the breakings out, or pimples in Children, which are often hid on the &s;udden by the repercu&s;&s;ion of the cold Air: 2. By the authority of <HI>Galen (art. med. c.</HI> 85.) <HI>But emptied
<PB N="842" REF="385"> places draw to them&s;elves.</HI> An inflammation of the Liver or Spleen is cured by letting Blood in the Arm, though in the Liver the Blood is forcibly di&s;per&s;ed out of the <HI>Porta</HI> through the fle&s;hy Pores. In tho&s;e who are anointed for running Sores, Scabs, and the French Pox, 'tis wonderful how &s;uddenly tho&s;e thick Pu&s;tules, Tumours, Nodes are tran&s;mitted by Ve&s;&s;els to the Mouth to be &s;pit forth in Salivation: The cure al&s;o of an <HI>Ecchymo&s;is</HI> &s;hews the &s;ame thing, which is performed for the greate&s;t part by Repel|lents; where there is no doubt but the Blood is extravenated, and that it does return into the &s;ame again by the help of Repellents.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Let not the Phy&s;ician per&s;i&s;t &s;o long in repel|ling as till all the Matter retreat that was flown in|to the Part; but let him either mix other Reme|dies with Repellents, or u&s;e &s;ome other Remedy: for it is dangerous and bad to per&s;i&s;t very much in cooling of the Parts; for often the Malady is either changed into one of a wor&s;e <HI>&s;pecies,</HI> or the Part pe|ri&s;hes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Some do &s;o carefully ob&s;erve the mixing of Re&s;olvents when the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e is over, and increa&s;e them as the Di&s;ea&s;e increa&s;es, till in the &s;tate they u&s;e them alone, that they can be per&s;waded by no accident, nor by any nece&s;&s;ity that &s;upervenes, that it is fit to do any thing el&s;e, always taking the indication for their &s;o doing from the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e. By which it ap|pears that they have under&s;tood <HI>Galen</HI> ami&s;s; who though he did not only receive, but &s;et al&s;o much by the indication from the <HI>time</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e, yet he does that only for knowing the nature and &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e; but does not reckon this indication among&s;t the Curative, as being quite different there|from. As the preceding cau&s;e is not to be taken care of, but the pre&s;ent Di&s;ea&s;e of the Body; &s;o neither is the time of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but its condition to be examined for an intention of cure. Thus in the beginning of an inflammation, becau&s;e the ve|hemence of the fluxion is known from that time, 'tis under&s;tood what occa&s;ion there is for Repel|lents, not indeed upon the account of the beginning, but of the Fluxion: for if the Fluxion return in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>Galen</HI> per&s;wades us to repeat Repellents. To be &s;hort, He mea&s;ured the u&s;e of Repellents and Re&s;olvents according to the indigence of the Fluxion or the Humour already flow'd,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE> <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="6">VI. We ought to know that tho&s;e erre very much, being deceived with the &s;hadow of a Rea|&s;on, who u&s;e a great deal of Wax in di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Re|medies, and mix other Empla&s;tick Medicines there|with, thinking that by its &s;ticking fa&s;t it works the more effectually; not knowing that the whole bu&s;i|ne&s;s of re&s;olution is performed through the Pores of the skin, which them&s;elves &s;hut up by &s;uch Me|dicines.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem c. 10.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. A&s;tringents being added to Dige&s;tives help their penetration: but by A&s;tringents the &s;trong are not to be under&s;tood, as Galls, <HI>Acacia</HI> and the like con&s;tipaters of the skin; but the mo&s;t mode|rate, as Ma&s;tich, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which by a certain expre&s;&s;ion help towards the greater penetration. This is confirmed by <HI>Averroes</HI>'s Experiment; If one take leather and anoint it on one &s;ide with common Oil, and on the other with Oil of Ro&s;es; then the Oil of Ro&s;es will penetrate &s;ooner than otherwi&s;e it would do,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanct. Art. parv. cap. 95.</NOTE> and yet it hath a moderate a&s;tringing vertue.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>Burrhus,</HI> an Italian Phy&s;ician, makes all his Pla&s;ters of volatil matter, &s;o that the Ointment that is laid on one day, will hardly any of it be found the next: and he blames Phy&s;icians for making tho&s;e thick Bodies into Pla&s;ters which cannot enter in at the Patient's Pores.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Bath-clays are commended for &s;oftening confirmed Tumours; but with the&s;e Cautions, 1. That a great quantity thereof be applied; 2. That they &s;tay a good while on the Part, at lea&s;t four hours in the morning, and as many at night; 3. That they be &s;pread wide, &s;o as to cover not on|ly the Part affected, but the neighbouring both above and below. Let the like Cautions be ob&s;er|ved in Pla&s;ters, with which if we would &s;often hardened Parts, we mu&s;t not apply them by &s;craps but &s;pread them large: By this artifice I have known &s;ome Mountebanks do miracles in the cure of Tu|mours, when yet they u&s;ed only the common Remedies that every old Woman and Barber knows of, only varying the manner of apply|ing;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bartho|lin. Cent. 4. Hi&s;t. 9.</NOTE> for they roll the Arm (for in&s;tance) all over with Pla&s;ters, and lay not a patch only on a place.</P>
<P N="10">X. <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> 1. <HI>Sect. Probl.</HI> 46. will have Catapla&s;ms to be changed at certain intervals, though they have lo&s;t nothing of their vertue, becau&s;e Nature is not affected by any Remedy &s;he is accu&s;tom'd to for &s;ome while. What he &s;ays of Catapla&s;ms, may be under&s;tood of every local, and indeed of every Medicine; becau&s;e they all act on the account of their being contrary: when therefore they become like through cu&s;tom, they can act no longer, becau&s;e no Pa&s;&s;ion is made by what one is accu&s;tomed to. Hence tho&s;e erre who in laying on Cerecloths &s;ay, that they are to be kept &s;o long upon the Part as till they fall off of their own accord. Be&s;ides they are of a contrary opinion to <HI>Galen</HI> and <HI>Avicen,</HI> who unanimou&s;ly &s;ay that neither internal nor exter|nal Medicines are to be rendred cu&s;tomary to Na|ture.</P>
<P N="11">XI. 'Tis a great errour when malactick Pla&s;ters are made of <HI>Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Opopanax,</HI> Ro&s;in and the like, and are diluted with much Vinegar; for &s;o they attenuate, incide,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hollerius.</NOTE> di&s;cu&s;s and not mollifie.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The u&s;e of Fomentations is &s;ufficiently fa|mous among&s;t Topicks, which are made of &s;ome Liquor or Decoction of many Simples, which &s;eve|ral include in a Bladder: but the &s;ame are made unprofitable by that means; for the vertue of the Simples pa&s;&s;es not through the Bladder into the Body, but the heat only operates: whence if &s;ome part be only to be heated, &s;uch Fomentation does good, let the Liquor that is included be what it will; as al&s;o for ea&s;ing Pain and dige&s;ting Hu|mours: But if ob&s;tructions be to be di&s;&s;olved,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. de vulg. err. l. 4. c. 46.</NOTE> or &s;omething be to be mollified, 'tis better to u&s;e either linen or wollen cloths.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Anointings that are very oily do ob&s;truct and &s;tuff the Pores, unle&s;s a little &s;pirit of Wine be added; or before the anointing rub the Part with a Squill newly cut through the middle, to make the Medicines penetrate the better.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. A Per&s;on falling out of his Chariot, divers Accidents &s;uperven'd, &s;uch as u&s;e to befall Per&s;ons brui&s;ed, and among&s;t them the motion of his Arm was much impaired. For fear he &s;hould quite lo&s;e the u&s;e of it, his Spine is anointed with &s;trong Oint|ments, and hot Pla&s;ters are al&s;o applied, upon which he fell into a Fever; from which yet he is &s;oon freed by leaving off tho&s;e Topicks: He &s;aid he per|ceived the heat very &s;en&s;ibly to proceed from the Medicines (namely in the great Ve&s;&s;els that run that way.) After &s;ome Weeks they fall again to Topicks, and the Fever returns again: whence 'twas thought fit to ab&s;tain from tho&s;e &s;tronger and to u&s;e an appropriate Water,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phil. Sal|muth. Cent. 1. Ob&s;. 79.</NOTE> by which he was cured.</P>
<P N="15">XV. This is to be e&s;teemed for a mo&s;t certain Propo&s;ition, That never any Powder is to be &s;prin|kled upon any Part, unle&s;s it be fir&s;t anointed or wet with &s;ome clammy Liquor, that the Powder may be made to &s;tick on, except in the Head, where the Hairs &s;ufficiently retain the Powder that is &s;prinkled among&s;t them. Thus for Brui&s;es of the Limbs we u&s;e a&s;tringent Powders in the beginning to hinder a Fluxion, and tho&s;e not only in the
<PB N="843" REF="385"> brui&s;ed Part, but in the neighbouring Parts al&s;o; but fir&s;t of all we anoint the Part with &s;ome a&s;trin|gent Oil, as the Oil of Ro&s;es, Myrtles, Quin|ces, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Pouders may al&s;o be kept on, if the white of an Egg &s;trongly beaten be &s;meared over the Part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. p. m. 977.</NOTE></P>
<P N="16">XVI. The u&s;e of the cutaneous Veins comes all to this, that what Blood remains over and above the nutrition of the skin and &s;ubjacent Parts, may be carried back by them to the larger branches and trunk of the <HI>Cava.</HI> Hereby the vertue of To|picks applied to the Wri&s;ts, tran&s;mitting their Particles and Atoms through the Pores of the skin, may be communicated to the Blood, yea to the Heart it &s;elf. Some Veins have that great vertue and power, that they can communicate to the Heart the deadly poi&s;on of things laid to the skin by &s;tealth though never &s;o &s;lightly:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinc. di&s;|&s;ert. Anat. p. 1034.</NOTE> This poi&s;on is carried to the Heart by the Veins which carry back the Blood to the Heart. &para; Tho&s;e Phy&s;icians are not to be heeded, as being more &s;ubtil than skilful, who reject the u&s;e of all Ointments, Pla|&s;ters and Liniments, becau&s;e it does not &s;eem pro|bable to them that fat and oily things can pene|trate through the Skin, Fat, Membranes and Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> that encompa&s;s the contents: But though this &s;eem improbable, or at lea&s;t difficult, yet daily experience witne&s;&s;eth that internal Di&s;ea|&s;es of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> (or Belly) are daily cured only by the u&s;e of Ointments and Liniments. Now though the laudable effect of Oils and oleous things may &s;uffice to prove their penetration through the skin and other parts; yet the ways al&s;o may be determin'd by which oily things may penetrate even to the inner Parts of the Belly, namely the Pores of the skin, from which there is a pa&s;&s;age to the Ve&s;&s;els, and con&s;equently to the Heart. For &s;eeing all the Parts of the Body are made up of various Particles, like natural <HI>Minima,</HI> and there|fore of Atoms joyned and wrought together; it is not probable, &s;eeing they are diver&s;ly &s;haped, that they are &s;o exactly fitted to one another, but that there is every where a pa&s;&s;age through them for fluid Bodies, and e&s;pecially for &s;uch as are volatil: which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o ob&s;erved when he pronounced the whole Body to be pervious, and any one may ob&s;erve that views either the Bones, Gri&s;tles or other Parts, and notes them to be porous, e&s;pe|cially when he con&s;iders the &s;ame with magnifying-gla&s;&s;es, and compares them with things made by Art, linen or wollen Cloths, which though never &s;o clo&s;e, yet are pervious withal; for he will ac|knowledge and conclude that there are every where Pores,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. de le Bo&euml; Prax. l. 3. c. 3. &sect;. 105.</NOTE> &s;ometimes larger, &s;ometimes &s;traiter, in all natural things.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. Many are often deceived in outward Al|teratives, as Ointments, Pla&s;ters, Catapla&s;ms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> whil&s;t they let them lie longer than they &s;hould upon the parts affected, and &s;ee not that cu&s;tom makes Topicks like to the heat of the parts, and when they are made like, have no further power to alter: And the rea&s;on is mo&s;t manife&s;t, becau&s;e all Alteratives alter only &s;o long as they are unlike. Hence <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de temp.</HI> &s;ays that when Lettuce is a&s;&s;i|milated it does not cool. <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> (1. <HI>Sect. Probl.</HI> 46.) being to &s;hew why cu&s;tom takes away the vertue of Alteratives, asks why Catapla&s;ms ought to be changed? To which he an&s;wers: As tho&s;e things which we commit to the Stomach, if they be Me|dicines, in tract of time are no longer Medicines but Aliments; in like manner Catapla&s;ms that one has been long us'd to, do not do their office. What the Philo&s;opher &s;ays of a Catapla&s;m,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. m. V. E. l. 4. c. 13.</NOTE> is to be under&s;tood of all Alteratives inward and out|ward.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Let Refrigeraters be moderate, endued with that faculty rather in power than in act: for things that are actually cold do conden&s;e the Pores, incra&s;&s;ate the Humours, and fix the Blood in the inflamed part. <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> u&s;ed the clarified juice of Endive,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fortis con|&s;ult. 86. Cent. 2.</NOTE> which we al&s;o may give to four Oun|ces in a Decoction of Mallows, Violets, and Barley.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Though Oils made by infu&s;ion may &s;eem by their unctuou&s;ne&s;s to ob&s;truct the Pores of the Skin when they are &s;meared upon it, yet fomenta|tions may remedy this, which are to be u&s;ed be|fore the anointing, as al&s;o &s;uch things as may help the penetration of the Oils.</P>
<P N="20">XX. <HI>Ointments</HI> cool le&s;s, to wit comparatively, or they are oftener pre&s;cribed with an intention to heat than to cool; and therefore by con&s;equence we mu&s;t not equally and in every regard rely upon refrigerating ones,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de Med. comp. ext. p. 184.</NOTE> as for in&s;tance on the refrigera|ting Ointment of <HI>Galen, Me&s;ue</HI>'s Ointment of Ro&s;es, becau&s;e of their oiline&s;s.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. The &s;ame do not a&s;tringe much, from that general induction that all oily and fat things relax, whence they are improperly called A&s;tringents. Hence al&s;o, except <HI>&V;nguentum Comiti&s;&s;ae,</HI> which being anointed on the Loins, is commended for nocturnal pollution; or on the <HI>Pubes,</HI> for too great a flux of the Terms; there are few a&s;tringent Ointments to be had in the Shops: And tho&s;e which are ad|mini&s;tred with that intention, do profit more by their &s;trengthning Aromatick vertue in the Dy&s;en|terie, fear of mi&s;carriage, vomit, or <HI>cholera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> than by any thing el&s;e.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. Where we would avoid laxity, they are not convenient: Hence what we have &s;aid already of Stomachicks, holds al&s;o of the Joints, namely in the Gouty, that unguentous things hinder tran|&s;piration, cau&s;e a greater afflux, and are apt to fix the Humours in the parts affected, &s;o that 'tis more advi&s;eable to let them alone. Yea even in Di&s;ea&s;es of the Lungs, though they loo&s;en the mat|ter that &s;ticks in the Pipes, yet they are apt to cau&s;e a greater afflux therein, whence in that ca&s;e Re&s;olvents are better, as <HI>unguentum rubrum potabile.</HI> Whence when any of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are too much bound up, they may be u&s;ed; but not when the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are too lax, for they do but increa&s;e their laxity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="23">XXIII. The &s;ame are not good in a <HI>Cancer,</HI> be|cau&s;e by Emollients that acido-&s;aline acrimony is more provoked and &s;pread: whence Tumours that are not cancrous, become &s;uch by the u&s;e hereof. They are bad for the <HI>Hemorrhoids,</HI> (See Book 8.) for <HI>Inflammations</HI> (See Book 9.) whence they are not to be u&s;ed indifferently for the Quin&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></NOTE> as is pre&s;cri|bed in Books of Practice; for loo&s;e <HI>vlcers,</HI> as of the Lips, for in&s;tance, becau&s;e they are apt to pro|mote foulne&s;s. Yet note that this is chiefly to be under&s;tood, 1. of purely fat oily things, e&s;pecially the vulgar Ointments; 2. When they are let alone and not changed; for otherwi&s;e 'tis very well known that <HI>unguentum de liihargyro</HI> is much commen|ded for Burns and other things. In a word, what|&s;oever Di&s;tempers are hurt by fat things, are hurt al&s;o by Ointments.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Note that what Parts &s;oever are more hurt by cold things, as the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, the &s;ame generally do require hot <HI>Epithems:</HI> and on the contrary. In particular there are &s;ome who always bid us apply to the Head things only that are &s;omewhat warm; but Experience te&s;tifieth the contrary, whereby 'tis frequently ob&s;erved that cold things are continually applied to the Head.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="25">XXV. What&s;oever Di&s;ea&s;es, or Parts affected, are hurt, increa&s;ed, or exa&s;perated by actual moi|&s;ture, <HI>Epithems</HI> are not &s;o proper for them: whence they are not good in <HI>Burns,</HI> for in that ca&s;e Demul|cents, in the form of a Liniment, are more advi|&s;edly pre&s;cribed than pure water: Nor in an <HI>Ery|&s;ipelas</HI> and other <HI>Inflammations;</HI> for though &s;ome apply therein linen rags wet in cold water and wrung, by way of fomentation, yet that is not &s;o &s;afe, for
<PB N="844" REF="386"> fear of repul&s;ion, e&s;pecially if the <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> be in the Face: But in Practice it is to be ob&s;erved as a Rule, <HI>In every true Ery&s;ipelas dry Topicks</HI> (the <HI>Pulveres Ery&s;ipelatodes</HI> of <HI>Ludovicus, Myn&s;ichtus,</HI> &amp;c.) <HI>are better than moi&s;t ones.</HI> Hence al&s;o 'tis better to let them alone in <HI>exanthemata,</HI> Small Pox, Mea&s;les, <HI>Petechiae,</HI> &amp;c. Whence al&s;o in that ca&s;e we u&s;e not &s;o commonly to apply moi&s;t things to the wri&s;ts, or bags and Epithems to the Heart, no nor to the Forehead lightly, for allaying (for in&s;tance) the &s;ymptoma|tical pain of the Head. On the &s;ame account they are not good in Catarrhs, <HI>Coryza,</HI> &amp;c. for as Baths are bad for the&s;e, &s;o al&s;o are Epithems, as being particular lotions, in that they move the <HI>Serum</HI> the more. Hence they are le&s;s profitable in the beginning, but after and with others, as if all the&s;e external things were re&s;pectively to be cal|led in rather to the acid, or, if we will grant more, the &s;ociety of internal Remedies, than to bear rule, wherein indeed men offend in both ex|ce&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Emollients are not good for melancholick Tumours, which (Tumours) are endued with a &s;aline acrimony, like Mercury &s;ublimate: whence is that golden admonition of <HI>Galen</HI> 5. <HI>de &s;impl. m. fac. cap.</HI> 9. <HI>That a Cancer and cancrous Tumours are exa&s;perated by emollient Medicines.</HI> For by this means the Pores are the more dilated, whereby both an afflux of Humours is procured, and the corro&s;ive acrimony is &s;pread further, &s;eeing it can neither be di&s;&s;ipated nor concocted, nor brought to dige&s;tion; and &s;o mollifying is the encrea&s;er and parent of Putrefa|ction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">V. Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 32.</NOTE> See <HI>Wierus Ob&s;. p.</HI> 95.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. We u&s;e not to lay <HI>Powders</HI> on the Brea&s;t, as we do on the Belly, yet after anointing with convenient Oils. For Powders &s;prinkled upon a part are more effectual than when reduced into the form of a Liniment or Cerecloth, becau&s;e they are prepared of odoriferous things, and the ver|tue of &s;uch things exhales by boiling, unle&s;s they be boiled in a double or clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. Now Pow|ders may be made more or le&s;s hot with re&s;pect to the <HI>intemperies,</HI> and the thickne&s;s of the parts of the Hypochondres; for tho&s;e who are fat have tho&s;e parts very thick, wherefore the Medicine mu&s;t be both the &s;tronger and the thinner, that the vertue of the Medicine may reach to the part affected: but tho&s;e who are of a &s;pare Body, need Powders that are le&s;s hot, but more a&s;tringent, be|cau&s;e they hinder the di&s;&s;ipation of the Native heat.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. Oper. p. 973.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Ve&s;icatories.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>What Humours they draw forth, and whence. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>For what Di&s;ea&s;es they are chiefly profitable. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not proper in all Di&s;ea&s;es and Con&s;titutions. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Bli&s;ters rai&s;ed in malignant Fevers are not to be dried up. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cantharides</HI> are to be u&s;ed without their wings and legs. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let them not be pre&s;cribed by weight but number. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are injurious to the Bladder. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The cure of a Gangrene following upon a Bli&s;ter. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How the Pain left by a Ve&s;icatory may be ea&s;ed. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their heat reaches not to the inner Parts. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether Vinegar infringe their vertue. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Ve&s;icatory by Cupping-gla&s;&s;es. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The great profitablene&s;s of Ve&s;icatories. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The efficacy of Ve&s;icatories applyed to all the fore-part of the Head being &s;haved, in &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;es, the Catalep&s;ie, <HI>&amp;c. XIV.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. THe Humours that are evacuated immediately by a Ve&s;icatory, i&s;&s;ue partly out of the Pores and Glandules of the Skin, partly out of the mouths of the Arteries, and partly out of the ends of the nervous Fibres: perhaps out of the mouths of the Veins a little of that juice that is newly re|ceived into them, but it does not &s;eem that much can be &s;ent back again. 1. <HI>The Skin,</HI> which con&s;i&s;ts of a double coat, very porous, and is likewi&s;e thick be&s;et with very numerous <HI>Glands</HI> with fat, al&s;o with the ends of the Ve&s;&s;els and Fibres that termi|nate in it and are variou&s;ly woven with one another: wherefore when the cuticle is taken off by a Ve&s;i|catory, and the true Skin lies bare, the nervous Fibres being twitched do con&s;tringe and wring the Glandules and Pores, &s;o that the &s;erous Humour contained in them both is plentifully &s;queezed forth. Moreover &s;eeing the Pores open one into another, the <HI>&s;erum</HI> flows not only out of the bli&s;tered Part, but &s;ometimes a portion of the <HI>Serum</HI> coming from the neighbouring Parts &s;ucceeds in the Pores that were fir&s;t emptied, and then by and by i&s;&s;ues forth. Wherefore in the Drop&s;ie called <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> Bli&s;ters rai&s;ed by a Ve&s;icatory drain the water from all about in great plenty, and draw it forth from all the neighbourhood, yea &s;ometimes from afar. 2. The mouths of the <HI>Arteries</HI> about the bli&s;tered Part be|ing uncovered and twitched, do not only &s;pue out that portion of <HI>Serum</HI> that is accu&s;tomably brought to them; but the &s;erous Humour being through the whole ma&s;s of Blood imbued with the <HI>Stimuli</HI> of the Medicine, is thenceforward &s;eparated more plentifully from the Blood, and every time it cir|culates with the Blood, a greater quantity of it is ca&s;t off by the &s;ame mouth of the Arteries being continually irritated. Moreover together with the <HI>&s;erum</HI> &s;ent thus from the whole ma&s;s of Blood to the Bli&s;ters, other Recrements, and &s;ometimes the mor|bifick matter it &s;elf, do plentifully &s;eparate there|from al&s;o, and are &s;ent off through the &s;ame Emi&s;&s;a|ries: and this is the rea&s;on why in malignant Fe|vers, yea in all putrid ones that have difficult Cri|&s;es, when the Recrements and Corruptions of the Blood being unfit for excretion, threaten the Heart or Brain, Ve&s;icatories which continually and by de|grees drain them forth, do often notably relieve: To which add, that the &s;ame do moreover alter and re&s;tore the Blood degenerous or depraved as to its Salts, yea by opening or &s;ubtilizing its <HI>com|pages</HI> di&s;po&s;e it to an eucra&s;ie. Wherefore this kind of Remedy is often very profitable not only in a febrile &s;tate of the Blood, but al&s;o when it is other|wi&s;e vitious or cacochymical. 3. That Ve&s;icatories do evacuate a certain Humour out of the <HI>Nerves</HI> and <HI>nervous fibres,</HI> and therefore profit in Spa&s;modick or Convul&s;ive Maladies, is witne&s;&s;ed both by Rea&s;on and Experience. For I have &s;hewn in another place that the liquor that waters the Brain and <HI>genus nervo&s;um,</HI> does &s;ometimes abound with hetero|geneous Particles: Moreover it appears by frequent and familiar Ob&s;ervation, that the impurities and recrements of that liquor, together with a watry <HI>latex,</HI> do &s;ometimes of their own accord upon the ari&s;ing of a <HI>fluor</HI> &s;weat out of the Nerves and nervous Fibres, and either re&s;tagnating into the ma&s;s of Blood, are carried off by Urine or Sweat, or being depo&s;ited into the Cavities of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are &s;ent forth by Vomit or Stool. Wherefore when by the application of a Ve&s;icatory the extremities of the Nerves and nervous Fibres are any where laid bare, and are greatly irritated, pre&s;ently the Humour that flows in their extremities is &s;pued out, yea and therefore the whole <HI>latex</HI> though &s;eated a great way off in their Ducts, is both freed from its &s;tag|nation, and withal the heterogeneous Particles, mixt with that nervous <HI>latex,</HI> being every where agitated and derived from the Brain, do by de|grees glide towards the newly open'd Emi&s;&s;ary,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis.</NOTE> and at length are &s;ent out.</P>
<P N="2">II. From what has been &s;aid we may gather for the curing of what Di&s;ea&s;es this kind of Remedy is
<PB N="845" REF="386"> chiefly profitable: for through the evacuation that it makes out of the <HI>Pores and Glandules of the Skin,</HI> as often as a &s;erous, &s;alt, acrimonious or otherwi&s;e mi&s;chievous Humour is collected in the&s;e Parts or in their neighbourhood, and being excluded from the circulation of the Blood &s;ticks pertinaciou&s;ly there, there is certainly no readier or ea&s;ier way of drain|ing it forth than by applying a Ve&s;icatory above or below the Part affected. Wherefore a Ve&s;icatory is not only indicated by an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> and by all <HI>de|filements</HI> or eruptions of the <HI>Skin</HI> what&s;oever; but moreover is required in <HI>Pains</HI> whether <HI>arthritical</HI> or <HI>&s;corbutical</HI> fixed any where in the outer habit of the Body or in any member. 2. In re&s;pect of the <HI>Blood,</HI> which wants both to be lei&s;urely cleared from any heterogeneous and morbifick matter, and al&s;o to be alter'd from its too acid, or &s;alt, or otherwi&s;e vitiated condition into a right temper, Ve&s;icato|ries are always made u&s;e of in <HI>malignant Fevers;</HI> yea they are of excellent u&s;e in <HI>all putrid malignant Fevers</HI> and which are of <HI>a difficult Cri&s;is:</HI> Therefore likewi&s;e in the <HI>Scurvy, Leucophlegmatia,</HI> Green-&s;ickne&s;s, and al&s;o in every other Cacochymie is this kind of Remedy very profitable. Moreover Ve&s;icatories are applied with good effect not only for amending of the Blood it &s;elf, but al&s;o as often as it being depraved does impart its corruptions to other Parts, and &s;o is the fir&s;t cau&s;e of Di&s;ea&s;es in the Head, Brea&s;t, Belly or Members, and rai&s;es their Paroxy&s;ms. Wherefore in <HI>Head achs, Vertigo</HI> or <HI>&s;leepy Di&s;tempers</HI> this is a common and vulgar Remedy; and no le&s;s in a <HI>Catarrh,</HI> and any <HI>defluxion</HI> whether into the <HI>Eyes, No&s;e, Palate</HI> or <HI>Lungs,</HI> does every one, even of the vulgar, without advi&s;ing with a Phy|&s;ician, pre&s;cribe <HI>Cantharides</HI> for him&s;elf as a revul|&s;ory Remedy. I confe&s;s that many times when I have been taken with a <HI>cruel Cough,</HI> with a great deal of thick Phlegm (to which I am originally &s;ubject) I have been helped by nothing more than by Ve&s;i|catories; and therefore I am wont, while the Di|&s;ea&s;e is &s;trong upon me, fir&s;t to apply Bli&s;ters upon the <HI>vertebrae</HI> of the Neck, when tho&s;e are healed up, then behind the Ears, and afterwards, if it &s;hall &s;eem needful upon the Shoulder-blades; for &s;o the &s;erous <HI>illuvies,</HI> i&s;&s;uing out of the too much loo|&s;ened <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood, is derived from the Lungs; and moreover the mixture of the Blood, in regard its irregular Salts are de&s;troyed by this means, does &s;ooner recover its Cra&s;is. 3. In re|&s;pect of the <HI>Humour</HI> which is to be evacuated or de|rived out of the <HI>genus nervo&s;um</HI> and the Brain it &s;elf, Epi&s;pa&s;ticks, as they are of very common u&s;e, &s;o they are often wont to give the greate&s;t relief in <HI>&s;leepy, Convul&s;ive</HI> and <HI>painful Di&s;ea&s;es.</HI> Was ever any taken with a <HI>Lethargy, Apoplexy</HI> or <HI>Epilep&s;ie,</HI> but pre|&s;ently tho&s;e about him claw'd his Skin off with <HI>Cantharides?</HI> I have &s;ucce&s;sfully applied large Ve&s;ica|tories in &s;everal Parts of the Body at once in &s;trange <HI>Convul&s;ive motions,</HI> and now and then changing their places have continued repeating of them above a Month. Moreover Pains fixt in the <HI>mem|branous Parts</HI> and cruelly tormenting are &s;eldom cu|red without this admini&s;tration: For &s;ometimes the Humours and morbifick Particles, which being deeply rooted yield not at all to Medicines work|ing by Stool, Sweat, or Urine, &s;eem to be pulled up by the roots by Ve&s;icatories, which lay hold on the Di&s;ea&s;e with hands as it were.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. Yet this Remedy, though very general, u&s;es not to operate &s;o ea&s;ily and happily in &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es and Con&s;titutions: For tho&s;e who are &s;ub|ject to the Stone and to a frequent and grievous Strangury, &s;carce ever have them applied without prejudice; and therefore for the avoiding of a greater mi&s;chief let none that are &s;o affected, u&s;e Ve&s;icatories &s;ave in malignant Fevers, or acute Ce|phalick Pains. As to the various Temperaments and Con&s;titutions of men, in re&s;pect whereof Ve&s;icatories are more or le&s;s convenient or profitable, there occurs this threefold remarkable difference here|upon. <HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> Some do almo&s;t always endure well the u&s;e of this Remedy, and the Bli&s;ters that are rai&s;ed thereby in the Skin do pour forth an ichor plentiful enough without a dy&s;urie or any great inflammation of the Bli&s;tered place, and then they heal up of their own accord: which effect &s;ucceeds only in a well temper'd Blood, namely where to|gether with a moderate and rightly con&s;tituted &s;alt and &s;ulphur there is a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Serum,</HI> who&s;e <HI>latex</HI> departing ea&s;ily and pretty plentifully from the re&s;t of the Blood carries along with it the more acrimonious Particles of the Me|dicine which it has imbibed, and partly pours them forth by the bli&s;ter'd place, and partly conveys them forth by the pa&s;&s;ages of Urine, without in|juring them; and by this means are the afore&s;aid profitable effects produced in the ma&s;s of Blood. But <HI>&s;econdly,</HI> this Medicine neither agrees nor works well with others, becau&s;e it makes the Part to which it is applied look very red, or rather fleys it with cruel Pain and great Inflammation: and yet the Bli&s;ters that are rai&s;ed there, though they torment the Patient awhile, yet pour they forth but very little or hardly any ichor; and be|&s;ides, the&s;e to whom the bli&s;tering is &s;o painful, are moreover cruelly tormented with a Strangury. This trouble&s;om and al&s;o fruitle&s;s u&s;e of a Ve&s;ica|tory happens often to Per&s;ons of an hot and chole|rick temper, who&s;e Blood namely is endued with a plentiful Salt and Sulphur, with a moderate quan|tity of <HI>&s;erum</HI> thoroughly &s;oaked into one or other of them. Wherefore &s;eeing its <HI>latex,</HI> which ought to carry away the acrimonious Particles of the Medicine, does neither ea&s;ily nor plentifully (that it may pre&s;ently wa&s;h them out) depart from the re&s;t of the Blood, tho&s;e Particles &s;ticking &s;till in the Skin, infect and as it were Poi&s;on the Blood it &s;elf that pa&s;&s;es that way, and hindring it from its circulation cau&s;e it to be collected and to &s;tagnate about the extremities of the Ve&s;&s;els (whence they are inflamed.) Moreover the &s;erous <HI>latex</HI> being &s;eparated at length by the Kidneys, being little and acrimonious of it &s;elf, and moreover &s;tinged with Particles from the Medicine, irritates the neck of the Bladder, and often corrodes it by its acrimony. <HI>Thirdly,</HI> The third ca&s;e of <HI>Ve&s;icatories</HI> (though more rare) is when the Bli&s;ters that are rai&s;ed in the Skin, do forthwith pour out &s;o va&s;t a quantity of the &s;erous Humour, that pre&s;ently 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to u&s;e with diligence Medicines that re|pell, and &s;hut the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els, or other|wi&s;e there is danger le&s;t a di&s;&s;olution of &s;trength and failure of the Spirits &s;hould follow. I have known this to happen &s;o con&s;tantly in &s;ome, that afterwards they were forced to ab&s;tain from the u&s;e of <HI>Cantharides,</HI> what&s;oever need there was of them. The rea&s;on whereof &s;eems to be, that the Blood being endued with too much &s;alt and acrimonious <HI>&s;erum,</HI> had a <HI>compages</HI> too apt to di&s;&s;olve; wherefore the &s;erous <HI>latex</HI> being too acrimonious and impe|tuous of it &s;elf, as &s;oon as it is incited by the Par|ticles of the Medicine which loo&s;en the too ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olvible <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood, pre&s;ently breaking forth impetuou&s;ly out of the ma&s;s of Blood it i&s;&s;ues out in a full &s;tream as it were through the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els gaping into the bli&s;tered Part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Be&s;ides this too great efflux of the <HI>&s;erum,</HI> rai&s;ed from the fir&s;t application of a Ve&s;icatory, the &s;ame happening &s;ometimes late in malignant Fe|vers, and in others that have a bad or no Cri&s;is, and continuing for &s;ome while, wholly con&s;umes the morbifick matter, and often delivers the Patient from the very jawes of Death. In &s;uch a ca&s;e after that the Bli&s;ters have on the fir&s;t days poured forth little or no ichor, Nature at length attempting a Cri&s;is this way, there runs abundance of &s;erous matter out of the &s;ame; and &s;o it continues to
<PB N="846" REF="387"> run for many days, yea &s;ometimes weeks, till the Patient that was before e&s;teemed deplorable, re|covers his health intirely. The Bli&s;ters running thus plentifully, as it is not ea&s;ie, &s;o neither is it &s;afe to clo&s;e them, before the whole <HI>minera</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e be con&s;umed. One recovering very diffi|cultly from a malignant Fever, having in divers Parts of his Body bli&s;tered places which daily di&s;|charged a great deal of ichor, after a while ap|plied &s;trong repercu&s;&s;ives to them all, and &s;o pre|&s;ently &s;topt their running. But &s;carce had they been &s;topt two days, but relap&s;ing he was pre&s;ently &s;ei&s;ed with a languor and frequent failing of his Spirits, wi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h a cold Sweat and a &s;mall and weak Pul&s;e: and being not relievable by any Medicines (<HI>viz.</HI> Cordials) died within three days, the rea&s;on whereof &s;eems to be, that the malignant mat|ter being &s;uddenly driven back, had faln upon the Cardiack Nerves, who&s;e action being thereby hin|dred,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> the Vital function &s;oon failed.</P>
<P N="5">V. When we apply <HI>Cantharides</HI> outwardly to rai&s;e Bli&s;ters, we o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly u&s;e the belly, rejecting the wings and feet, for the&s;e hinder the belly from operating &s;o &s;trongly as it would; nor is there any danger that the external Parts of the Body &s;hould be hurt by applying only the belly. But if we give them inwardly to provoke Urine, we give the belly in|deed;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Capivac. Pra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t. l. 3. c. 19.</NOTE> but le&s;t this &s;hould do harm, we mix with it the wings and feet, which Parts hinder the belly from hurting &s;o much. &para; when the Skin is to be ulcerated with bli&s;ters, the ex|treme parts of the <HI>Cantharides</HI> are to be ca&s;t a|way,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Th. Bartho|lin. cent. 4. Epi&s;t. 54.</NOTE> wherein there lies hid a more benign qua|lity.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Let young Phy&s;icians beware, that in pre|&s;cribing Remedies that have <HI>Cantharides</HI> in them, they offend not in the quantity, nor always follow the pre&s;criptions of others: for they commonly commit an errour in the Do&s;e, when for a few Oun|ces of Leaven and the other Simples which the Ve|&s;icatory is made up of, they pre&s;cribe &s;ome Drachms, yea &s;ometimes an Ounce and an half of the Powder of <HI>Cantharides:</HI> and becau&s;e <HI>Cantharides</HI> are &s;o light that fifty hardly weigh a Drachm, 'tis ea&s;ie to mi|&s;take in the weight. For this rea&s;on I commonly pre&s;cribe Ve&s;icatories thus: Take of &s;owr Leaven half an Ounce, of <HI>Cantharides</HI> finely powder'd to the number of Six, mix them in a Mortar, adding a little Betony water to make it up into a Cata|pla&s;m.</P>
<P N="7">VII. One having a &s;welling in his Knee from a tough and cold matter, a Barber applies to it a Catapla&s;m of Leaven and <HI>Cantharides,</HI> and bli&s;ters all the Knee: Hereupon among&s;t other Symptoms followed &s;o great an heat of Urine, that he could not make a drop without torment and crying out (now his Urine came forth by drops and bloody.) The Catapla&s;m being taken off, the heat of Urine and other Symptoms remitted a little. In invete|rate Di&s;ea&s;es, as the <HI>Sciatica,</HI> it may be thus pre|pared. Take of &s;owr Leaven three Ounces, of the Powder of <HI>Euphorbium</HI> a Scruple, of long Pepper and <HI>Pyrethrum</HI> (or ba&s;tard Pellitory) of each two Scruples, of <HI>Cantharides</HI> to the number of Sixty, mix them, and make a Catapla&s;m with <HI>aqua vitae</HI> as much as &s;uffices. If <HI>Cantharides</HI> be applied on this man|ner, they are void of all danger, even though they be laid on Parts that are nearer to the Bladder.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fabr. Hild. ob&s;. 98. cent. 6.</NOTE></P>
<P N="8">VIII. A young Man of two and twenty being inclinable to melancholy, is taken with a malig|nant Fever: Four Ve&s;icatories are laid on his Hips and Thighs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Joh. Rhod. cent. 3. ob&s;. 88.</NOTE> which by attracting poi&s;onous Hu|mours cau&s;ed a deadly Gangrene in his Thighs within two days. &para; The bli&s;tering Pla&s;ter of the Shops was pre&s;cribed to a Girl two years and an half old, ill of a malignant Fever; to increa&s;e the vertue whereof the Apothecary &s;prinkled a good quantity of the Powder of <HI>Cantharides</HI> upon it, by which the Skin was burnt up, and the next day all the Part was gangren'd. For the cure whereof, having fir&s;t us'd Scarifications, the Part was fo|mented with <HI>aqua vitae,</HI> and then a Liniment was applied of <HI>ungu. Aegyptiacum</HI> di&s;&s;olved in <HI>aqua vitae:</HI> Within three dayes the E&s;char was &s;eparated, and the Ulcer that remained was cured by the following Ointment: Take of the fat of a Bullocks Kidney one Ounce, of Litharge prepared and red Lead of each a Scruple,<NOTE PLACE="marg">River. cent. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. ob&s;. 86.</NOTE> of the Oil of Ro&s;es as much as &s;uffices to make an Ointment.</P>
<P N="9">IX. One complained to me of a Pain rai&s;ed by a Ve&s;icatory, but I could ea&s;e him with no Anodyne; Dr. <HI>N.</HI> a&s;&s;waged the Pain with only Water and Oil. I ea&s;ed a poor Woman tortured with the fire of a Ve&s;icatory, thus: Take of the inner and green bark of a branch of Elder &s;crap'd off with a knife, an handful: boil it in &s;weet Oil with a little wa|ter to the con&s;umption of the water: &s;train it,<NOTE PLACE="marg">P. Pa. heq<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> ad River. ob&s;. com. 12.</NOTE> and add to the liquor a little wax, and it is an excellent Ointment.</P>
<P N="10">X. Though Ve&s;icatories and Sinapi&s;ms heat the external Part to which they are applied, yet that heat penetrates not to the internal Parts: which tho&s;e have not under&s;tood who have thought that Ve&s;icatories are not to be u&s;ed in malignant Fe|vers with raving. <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elf (2. <HI>de diff. feb. tit. ult.</HI>) &s;ays, That the next Parts to which Sinapi&s;ms are applied, are heated indeed, but not the remote,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sanctor. lib. de rem. inv. c. 16.</NOTE> contrary to tho&s;e who &s;ay that Ve&s;icatories heat the inner <HI>vi&s;cera.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. Whether is it good to add Vinegar to Ve&s;i|catories, as is commonly done? It makes for the negative, that Vinegar fixes the &s;aline acrimonious Parts and infringes the acrimony, as we u&s;e Mu|&s;tard for &s;awce that has fir&s;t been &s;teept in Vinegar, which without &s;o doing would be too biting: Onions, Garlick, Rhadi&s;h, <HI>Aron</HI> are made mild by Vinegar. From whence <HI>Martian (Com. in Hippoc. p.</HI> 282.) concludes, not without rea&s;on, in the negative. Add that Vinegar does repell and cool, which is contrary to the indication, e&s;pecially when there is malignity withal. The matter may be ea&s;ily de|cided, if we have regard both to the moderate quantity of Vinegar, and the form in which it is admini&s;tred: for thus by its acrimony it increa&s;es the vertue of the Ve&s;icatory, and the body of the <HI>Cantharides</HI> being di&s;per&s;ed through the Leaven, it cannot &s;o infringe their vertue, but that it yields to the force of its corrective; &s;o that in this form a little Vinegar, though it partly mitigate the force of the Medicine, yet it does no harm. But tho&s;e Ve&s;icatories are the be&s;t of all, when the <HI>Cantharides</HI> are made up into a Pa&s;te with Wax and Turpentine, and u&s;ed Pla&s;terwi&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedel. de &s;. m. fac. p. 99.</NOTE> or we may u&s;e <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI>'s bli&s;tering Pla&s;ter.</P>
<P N="12">XII. I rai&s;e Bli&s;ters with Cupping-gla&s;&s;es only; which invention of mine I here communicate. I take a Cupping gla&s;s with a wide mouth, and firing it with tow, as the manner is, I &s;et it on where I have a mind: when it has &s;tuck on for a quarter of an hour, I take it off, and &s;et on a new one with as much flame as I can: a little after in the younger and more fle&s;hy (more &s;lowly in old men, or &s;uch as have a thick Skin) there ari&s;e Bli&s;ters, hardly &s;o big as little pins heads; all which with|in an hour leaping into one, there ari&s;es a Bli&s;ter as large as the mouth of the Cupping-gla&s;s. Then if the Cupping-gla&s;s have not an hole &s;topt with wax, (which being perforated with a Needle the wind i&s;&s;ues out and the Gla&s;s falls off of its own accord) I u&s;e to hit it with a knife and break it; otherwi&s;e if you endeavour to pull it off with your hand, it tears the Bli&s;ter and cau&s;es great pain. A great quantity of water being always drained out this way, I tye upon it a Colewort-leaf or the lean fle&s;h of an Oxe's mu&s;cle, &s;o long till by its &s;tinking it &s;hew that it ought to be taken off. Bli&s;ters are rai&s;ed this way mo&s;t certainly within
<PB N="847" REF="387"> the &s;pace of an hour, and that without any prejudice; whereas all other Ve&s;icatories do often fail us after many hours waiting,<NOTE PLACE="marg">H. ab Heers Ob&s;. 21.</NOTE> and either prolong the Di|&s;ea&s;e, or make it &s;tubborn, or even unconquerable.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. He that &s;hall admini&s;ter Ve&s;icatories right|ly, &s;hall generally obtain the victory over the mo&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ifficult Di&s;ea&s;es; e&s;pecially over tho&s;e that are fed by a flux of Humours, and chiefly if the Hu|mours be &s;erous and acrimonious (the Greeks call them Ichors) becau&s;e the&s;e flow the mo&s;t conveni|ently through the opened pores of the Skin. Wherefore if there be a rebellious and &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;e either in the Eyes, or No&s;e, or adjoyning Parts, among&s;t all other Remedies which provident Phy&s;icians have been wont to make u&s;e of, I have &s;carce found any better than this. So if there be bad eruptions of &s;ome eroding Humour in the <HI>pu|bes,</HI> Stones, Cod, or Yard, which it would be dan|gerous to permit to &s;ettle there, an efflux may conveniently be given to that Humour by applying Ve&s;icatories upon the Hips, as being more vile Parts and more able to endure any thing. More|over if the Neck, or Brea&s;ts, or Navel, or Belly, or any other parts labour under any bad Ulcer, or Swelling that threatens an Ulcer, we mu&s;t endea|vour to avert the danger by applying Ve&s;icatories upon or as near them as we can where the part is mo&s;t fle&s;hy. And that I may give thee one rule that is mo&s;t general, all loo&s;e and weak parts, that are of greater dignity, which there is fear may be &s;ei&s;ed upon by &s;ome fearful Malady, will be relie|ved by this &s;ort of Remedy, as experience te&s;ti|fies. Be&s;ides if &s;ome Seeds of the Pe&s;tilence do infe&s;t &s;ome parts of the Body, e&s;pecially the more noble, 'tis rea&s;onable to hope they may be defend|ed this way. In general, they attract and revell, by inducing a pain upon the part, both while the pain is in exciting, and afterwards, and cau&s;e an actual evacuation of the Humour that flows into the defended part. For a Ve&s;icatorie is not only a Revul&s;ory Medicine, but an excellent Evacuato|ry; &s;o that when there remains &s;ome old painful Tumour after the Body is evacuated, and the Phy|&s;ician has pre&s;cribed other Remedies in vain, this Remedy &s;hould be tried at la&s;t, as being wont &s;ometimes to relieve wonderfully. I remember a young Man being &s;o pained in his Knee from the French POX, that his Leg was drawn up and he could not go, having made u&s;e of this Remedy was forthwith freed both from the pain and con|traction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Severin. Chir. Trim. p. 55.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. About twenty years ago I was &s;ent for to a Patient two Leagues from <HI>Ma&s;con:</HI> It was the Baron of <HI>Pierreclos,</HI> who lo&s;t all his &s;en&s;es of a &s;ud|den as he was about to make Confe&s;&s;ion and re|ceive the Sacrament. I met with Five Phy&s;icians there, my &s;elf making the Sixth. We entred upon con&s;ultation, and from what they propo&s;ed I could gather, that they had omitted no kind of Remedy that might conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e, and relieve the Brain from its blockade: They were the more earne&s;t and intent upon the cure, out of an opini|on, that he could not be received to bli&s;s unle&s;s provi&s;ion had been made for his Soul by the afore|&s;aid Confe&s;&s;ion and Sacrament. When it came to my turn to &s;peak, ob&s;erving that the Remedies commonly made u&s;e of had been admini&s;tred in vain, I offer'd this, namely to &s;have his Head and apply a Ve&s;icatory Catapla&s;m all over it; hoping that by the efficacy of this Topical Remedy the &s;erous Humours, that in my opinion overflow'd the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain, might be drawn out|ward, and &s;o the Brain might either be freed there|from, or however le&s;s burthen'd with them. The ca&s;e &s;eeming de&s;perate, the re&s;t gave their con&s;ent; and there was a Ve&s;icatory applied, which had the hoped for event: for by vertue of this Remedy the Patient recovered his Speech, Judgment, Me|mory, Hearing, and all his other Sen&s;es, except his Sight. The kindred and Friends of the Patient rejoycing, and magnifying my skill, and admiring me as a Miracle-worker, the Prie&s;t received his Confe&s;&s;ion, and gave him the Euchari&s;t: He al&s;o made his Will; but after a while, as I foretold, he fell into his former drou&s;ine&s;s, and the next day &s;lept quietly away. <HI>This Story was communicated to me by</HI> Carolus Sponius, <HI>a Phy&s;ician of</HI> Lyons.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Vomitories.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Vomiting is the mo&s;t Sovereign of all evacuations. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All con&s;titutions admit not of it. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Emeticks do not attract peculiar Humours. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They cure Di&s;ea&s;es that will not yield to purging. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It may be good to Vomit and Purge at once. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits and Sudorificks may be joyned together. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Not only Choler, but other Humours al&s;o are inclinable to pa&s;s forth by Vomit. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sir <HI>Th. de Mayerne's</HI> manner of giving a Vomit. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are more profitable than Purgers in the beginnings of Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Being prudently given they are to be preferred before Purgers. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Acrimonious and corrupt Humours are not to be evacuated by Vomit. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are to be given in a ju&s;t Do&s;e. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The greater the Do&s;e is, the more &s;trongly do they work. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Stomach is not be accu&s;tomed to Vomiting. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are not to be made u&s;e of in tho&s;e who are ready to dye. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we mu&s;t Vomit in the Winter or in the Summer. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Vomits are to be given after one manner to the Fat, and after another to the Lean. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Alteratives and Purgatives are not to be premi&s;ed. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Bleeding be al&s;o nece&s;&s;ary, u&s;e it before Vomiting. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If a Vomit be to be given after Meal, what &s;ort of Meats are to be eaten. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what ca&s;e we may not Sleep after Vomiting. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Vomiting is to be made ea&s;ie. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Stirring about promotes it. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What is to be done after Vomiting. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Vomitories do hurt being given in &s;ub&s;tance. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Antimony being duly corrected is mo&s;t &s;afe. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its infu&s;ion in di&s;tilled Vinegar is &s;u&s;pected. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Its infu&s;ion in Wine. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The quantity of the Liquor le&s;&s;ens, or increa&s;es its efficacy. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Do&s;e of Antimony prepared. <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aromata</HI> are not to be added to the infu&s;ion of the gla&s;s of Antimony. <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Some preparations of Antimony are &s;afer than others. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The correction of <HI>Sala</HI>'s Syrup. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Do&s;e of white Vitriol. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The excellency of <HI>aqua benedicta. XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When white Hellebore is to be u&s;ed. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The oxymel of Tabaco corrected. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Vitriolated Vomits are to be forborn. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Antimonials are more availeable to evacuate Choler, and Mer|curials Phlegm. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How &s;alt of Vitriol is to be prepared. <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gla&s;s of Antimony is not &s;afe in &s;ub&s;tance. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Crude Vitriol is &s;afer than the prepared. <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Which &s;alt of Vitriol is &s;afe&s;t. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The leaves of <HI>A&s;arum</HI> are &s;tronger than the root. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The true de&s;cription of <HI>aqua benedicta. XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The preparation of <HI>crocus metallorum. XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The true correction of Antimonials. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The mo&s;t &s;imple preparation of the gla&s;s of Antimony is the be&s;t. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="848" REF="388">
<ITEM>The Vomitory <HI>&s;apa</HI> made of it, is a fine Vomitory. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;imple <HI>Miva</HI> of Quinces is a convenient Vomitory for Chil|dren. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. VOmiting is very profitable for tho&s;e who have bad habits of Body, when it is ea&s;ie and moderate, and it is the mo&s;t excellent of all Purgations; for it drains the noxious Humours, &s;incere and without mixture, out of their very foun|tains, and evacuates all that filthine&s;s which &s;ticks in the cavity of the Stomach or its Coats. It purges chiefly out of the Membranes of the <HI>praecordia,</HI> out of the hollow part of the Liver and Spleen, and drains &s;uperfluous Humours of all &s;orts out of the <HI>Pancreas,</HI> which otherwi&s;e neither <HI>hiera,</HI> nor any other though the mo&s;t vehement Medicine could hurry into the Guts: For the pa&s;&s;ages from the&s;e parts into the Stomach are &s;hort and ready, and more direct than into the Guts, &s;o that the Humours pa&s;s readily through them by Vomit. Now though it drains out of the inner parts, yet it relieves the Head and the re&s;t of the Body by con&s;equence. Wherefore it is profitable in all tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es that have taken their ri&s;e from the impurity of the <HI>prae|cordia,</HI> for a weak appetite, often vomiting, loathing of meat, puffing up of the Stomach and <HI>praecordia,</HI> Jaundi&s;e and Cachexie, Agues, Megrim, <HI>Vertigo,</HI> Falling-Sickne&s;s, and all Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head that are contracted by a Sympathy with the <HI>praecordia,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernel. m. m. l. 3. c. 3.</NOTE> and which the impurity &s;pread from the <HI>praecordia</HI> into the re&s;t of the Body hath produced.</P>
<P N="2">II. Though Vomits be of notable efficacy, yet they ought not to be taken by all without di&s;tinc|tion: For in &s;ome the tone of the Stomach is too loo&s;e and weak, and their con&s;titution &s;o tender, that they make the Spirits pre&s;ently to quail, and di&s;&s;olve the &s;trength. Some Mens <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> al&s;o are too pertinaciou&s;ly &s;en&s;ible, and though they be hard to Vomit, yet when they have once begun, they do not ea&s;ily give over,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis Pharm. rat. p. m. 57.</NOTE> but by a frequent &s;training to Vomit, their &s;trength is very much dejected, and they oft fall into a &s;woon.</P>
<P N="3">III. I think that opinion to be untrue and to lean on very trifling foundations, which determins that &s;ome Vomitories act upon choler, others upon phlegm, and others upon Melancholy, and drain forth this or that Humour &s;eparated from the re&s;t, and alone as it were. And the rea&s;on why a vi&s;|cous and as it were phlegmatick matter is &s;ome|times chiefly expelled, is, becau&s;e the filth of the Stomach alone almo&s;t is thrown up, the receptacles of the choler being not &s;haken by the &s;training: But when the ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ler Ve&s;&s;els are milked out, the excretion becomes cholerick for the greate&s;t part. The vomiting of a black Humour for the mo&s;t part depends on the tincture of the Medicine; for it is that which colours the matter which is ca&s;t forth, with a vitriolick blackne&s;s.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis ibid. p. 55.</NOTE> &para; <HI>Sylvius de le Bo&euml; (m. m. l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 10.) is of a contrary opinion, appealing to experience: I ob&s;erve, &s;ays he, that &s;ome Vo|mitories do chiefly expell phlegm, others choler, and others any Humours indifferently, which though it have been ob&s;erved by few, yet ought it to have been ob&s;erved: Thus 1. <HI>Peach flowers</HI> do ex|pell bilious and &s;erous Humours even by vomit. 2. <HI>A&s;arum</HI> al&s;o evacuates choler upwards. 3. <HI>Turbith</HI> ca&s;ts glutinous phlegm up by Vomit. 4. The &s;eed of <HI>Carthamus</HI> brings up both phlegm and water. 5. <HI>Ela|terium</HI> purges water and choler both upward and downward. 6. The <HI>Root, Bark, green tops</HI> and <HI>flowers</HI> of both <HI>Dwarf-elder</HI> and <HI>Elder</HI> bring up water by Vomit. 7. <HI>Gummi Gotte</HI> water and choler. Add to the&s;e the root of <HI>Jalap</HI> which expells water by vo|mit as well as by &s;tool.</P>
<P N="4">IV. As to the choice of Emeticks, the chief rea|&s;on of their difference is, that the milder be given in &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;uch as may di&s;turb nothing be|yond the Stomach, and may gently bring forth tho&s;e things only that float in its cavity or &s;tick to its coats: but in other Di&s;ea&s;es the &s;tronger are more convenient, that the convul&s;ion being imparted al&s;o to other <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> what&s;oever excrementitious thing &s;tagnates therein, or is collected any where, may be moved out of its lurking place. Now this eva|cuation as it is more violent than that by &s;tool, &s;o if the &s;trength bear it well, it u&s;es in &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es to profit more at once than ten Purges: for by this means the weighty phlegm that &s;ticks cl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e to the folds of the Stomach, which all Purgers would &s;lide by, is &s;wept out with a Broom as it were. More|over the neighbouring parts, the <HI>Pancreas,</HI> Me&s;entery, Spleen and Liver it &s;elf are &s;trongly &s;haken, &s;o that the ob&s;tructions bred therein, as al&s;o what&s;oever &s;tagnations of the Blood and Humours, are ea&s;ily removed by this kind of Remedy: the preterna|tural ferments bred any where in the Body, and the more recondite Seeds of Di&s;ea&s;es, are &s;eldom extirpated without Vomitories; but the u&s;e of Emeticks is found chiefly profitable in the Di&s;ea|&s;es of the Brain and <HI>genus nervo&s;um.</HI> For by this &s;ort of Remedy not only is the filth of the Stomach and Bowels, which defiles the chyle and Blood, clean&s;ed away in great plenty; but al&s;o the glan|dules of the <HI>vi&s;cera,</HI> which are the Emunctories of the Blood and nervous juice, are milked, the cho|ler-ve&s;&s;els and other receptacles of the excrements are plentifully evacuated; &s;o that the &s;ame being emptied do the more readily receive the <HI>Serum</HI> and other filthine&s;&s;es and &s;uperfluities of both Humours, that otherwi&s;e would be apt to overflow into the Head. Be&s;ides all this, &s;eeing there are innumera|ble little mouths of Arteries gaping under the downy cru&s;t into the Stomach, the&s;e being notably twitched by the Emetick, do pour fourth all &s;orts of vitious and malignant Humours in the Blood, to be evacuated by Vomit: and for this rea&s;on chiefly is it that Herculean or &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;es are well cured by Emeticks, and hardly at all with|out them: for the&s;e Medicines being of an active and untameable Nature, do not only by twitching the Arteries &s;queeze the &s;uperfluous Humours out of the ma&s;s of Blood, but al&s;o by entring into the Veins, innumerable whereof gape into the Stomach,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis phar|mac. rat. p. 55.</NOTE> do fu&s;e the Blood, and do precipitate and cau&s;e to be &s;eparated its &s;ero&s;ities and other recrements.</P>
<P N="5">V. Cu&s;tom and facility &s;eem to me to be of the greate&s;t moment in rai&s;ing a Vomit: for if the&s;e be wanting, 'tis of far greater difficulty to be purg|ed by vomit, than by &s;tool; though not of le&s;s profit, yea of far greater, though purging by &s;tool be &s;afer. Hence it comes to pa&s;s, that prudent Phy&s;icians, and &s;uch as take mo&s;t care to cure &s;afe|ly, are commonly content with purging by &s;tool: but Mountebanks, who &s;lighting the dangers of the &s;ick, would for Honour and Glories &s;ake do &s;ome great thing by hap hazard, undertake the mo&s;t vio|lent vomitings: as for my &s;elf, though I would never de&s;ign to purge by &s;tool and vomit much at once, becau&s;e that is an accident of a very bad Di&s;ea&s;e, namely the <HI>cholera morbus;</HI> yet I do not di&s;like that temperate purgations of both kinds, namely, both vomiting and dejection, &s;hould en&s;ue upon the taking of a Medicine, nay I hope well therefrom,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;. m. m. l. 2. c. 5.</NOTE> both thick and thin Humours be|ing evacuated and purged as well upwards as down|wards.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Yea &s;ometimes <HI>Vomitories</HI> may be joined with <HI>Sudorificks,</HI> for there is no harm in their being taken and operating together, &s;eeing the motions by vo|mit and &s;weat are not contrary to one another, but only diver&s;e. For the pipe or chanel of the Guts, together with the Stomach and Gullet, are unskilfully and unfitly e&s;teemed the centre of mans Body, and the pores of the Skin its circumference: For if any part might be &s;aid to be its centre, there is the greate&s;t rea&s;on the Heart &s;hould be &s;o e|&s;teemed, from which the Blood is carried into all
<PB N="849" REF="388"> the parts; as likewi&s;e the &s;everal parts for its cir|cumference, &s;eeing the Blood is carried back from them to the Heart, and that according to the cir|cular motion of the Blood. Now if the Heart be determin'd to be the centre of mans Body, then the pipe of the Guts, through which the Gall-blad|der and <HI>Pancreas</HI> di&s;charge them&s;elves, and the mouth it &s;elf, into which and by which the Sali|val glands unload them&s;elves, and &s;ometimes the Stomach it &s;elf with the &s;mall Guts, are no le&s;s to be e&s;teemed for its circumference, than the exter|nal Skin, through which the &s;weat is expelled, and the Pi&s;s-Bladder, by which the Urine is evacuated. Rea&s;on does not only argue this to be probable and likely, but experience proves it to be true, which hath more than once a&s;&s;ured others as well as my &s;elf, from the excellent &s;ucce&s;s and great benefit of the Patients, that Humours offending in the Body are expelled at the &s;ame time and by the &s;ame Medicine, both by vomit, &s;tool, &s;weat and Urine. Which experience hath taught to be pro|fitable in not a few di&s;tempers, &s;uch experience, I mean, as is certain and con&s;enting to &s;olid and &s;ound rea&s;on: And that the &s;ame may be &s;afely and with good &s;ucce&s;s done in the Plague,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. Ap|pend. Tract. 2. &sect;. 594.</NOTE> I make no doubt. See Book 6. under the Title of a Pe&s;tilential <HI>Fever.</HI></P>
<P N="7">VII. Le&s;t any &s;hould think that Choler only does affect to pa&s;s upwards by Vomit, daily expe|rience teacheth us, that both in&s;ipid and &s;alt and acid water, as well thin as thick, yea tough phlegm is vomited up by many of their own accord in abundance: which where it is ob&s;erved to be done, if nothing gain&s;ay, 'tis convenient to follow the &s;aid guidance of Nature, that is, to promote the motion of the Humours that is &s;pontaneou&s;ly made upwards. Now I reckon that the Humours are moved upwards &s;pontaneou&s;ly, that is by Na|ture, as often as being carried through the Pan|creatick and Bilarie duct into the &s;mall Gut, and meeting with the phlegm produced chiefly from the &s;pittle that is continually &s;wallowed, or with the aliments, Medicines or poi&s;ons that are taken in and are &s;liding out of the Stomach through the <HI>pylorus,</HI> they rai&s;e an efferve&s;cence as well with one another as with the&s;e, and that &s;uch as through which they are driven upwards to the Stomach, in &s;ome and that either a le&s;s or larger part,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem tract. 6. &sect;. 163.</NOTE> or al|together.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Let &s;uch Vomits as are &s;trong, be given e&s;pecially to delicate Bodies and weak Stomachs, after meal: But if you would have a plentiful eva|cuation in &s;uch as are more &s;trong, give them on an empty Stomach, e&s;pecially Antimonials, who&s;e vertue is &s;oon dulled. Prepare the more tough Humours by Inciders, Openers, Oxymel, with &s;ome Syrup made acid by the Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur, by bathing, by long fomentation of the Hypochondres for many days; and after give a Vomit: After every Vomiting give &s;ome fat broth: In vomiting foment the Stomach with &s;ome relax|ing fomentation, and afterwards with a &s;trengthen|ing one:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ex &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hedis Dom. Tur|queti de Mayerne.</NOTE> At night, if there be need, let <HI>Laudanum</HI> be given; the next day, &s;ome Con&s;erve, Tablets, or &s;trengthning Wine.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Ancients u&s;ed Vomits frequently, and purging by &s;tool but &s;eldom: and <HI>Hippocrates</HI> for prevention never u&s;ed purging by &s;tool, but always by Vomit, as appears from 3. <HI>de diaeta,</HI> and <HI>l. de in|&s;omn.</HI> For becau&s;e it cannot be &s;o manife&s;t what Hu|mour abounds mo&s;t whil&s;t no Di&s;ea&s;e does as yet appear, he therefore purges by Vomit, whereby not only that Humour which is agreeable to the Me|dicine is brought forth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pro&s;p. Mar|tian. com. in v. 153. l. de nat. hom.</NOTE> but al&s;o any other what|ever which happens to abound in the Body. &para; Be|cau&s;e the Stomach gives to all and receives from all, therefore does <HI>Hippocrates</HI> u&s;e vomiting for preven|tion whil&s;t a Di&s;ea&s;e of any part is imminent.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem comm in v. 136. l. de in&s;omn.</NOTE></P>
<P N="10">X. Some refu&s;e Vomitories, becau&s;e we are not &s;o accu&s;tomed to them as the Ancients; as if in our age no Di&s;ea&s;e had its Cri&s;is by Vomit; or there were not to be found men who vomit very ea&s;ily both of their own accord and by Medicines: whence we daily ob&s;erve that many &s;ick per&s;ons, after they have been phy&s;ick'd a long time in vain by rational Phy&s;icians, have been wholly cured of mo&s;t &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;es by taking Antimony or the like violent Remedy given by &s;ome Empirick: nor are men in more danger by the u&s;e of the&s;e than by our <HI>Benedicta's</HI> commonly &s;o called; which though they be gentle and ea&s;ie, yet are even <HI>they</HI> ob&s;erved &s;ometimes to cau&s;e deadly &s;uperpurgations. For the harms that proceed from a Medicine, depend not altogether on its &s;trength, but its unfit u&s;e: whence a Phy&s;ician does no le&s;s harm by giving a weak Medicine to him that needs a &s;trong one, than if he gave a &s;trong one and perhaps one that works upwards, to him that has need of one that is gentle and works by &s;tool. Yet I deny not that purgings upwards are far more unea&s;ie in the very act of Vomiting than purgings downwards; &s;o that the Patients think them&s;elves even ready to dye: yet when the evacuation is over, the clean contrary follows; &s;eeing tho&s;e that have been purged by Vomit, are pre&s;ently better, and are made more chearful and ready to perform all operations; they are not thir&s;ty, they have a good appetite, and are very quickly recruited: the con|trary whereto happens to tho&s;e who have been purged by &s;tool. Neverthele&s;s Phy&s;icians now a|dayes preferring plea&s;antne&s;s before all things,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem com<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> in v. 231. l. 3. de morb.</NOTE> without any regard to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or &s;ea&s;on, or any thing, always pre&s;cribe purging by &s;tool, to the great prejudice of art.</P>
<P N="11">XI. We mu&s;t take heed of purging too Acri|monious or corrupt Humours by vomit: for the &s;en&s;e and excellency of the mouth of the Stomach can hardly endure the contact of the vitious mat|ter, unle&s;s it be fir&s;t very well prepared,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de ind. med. l. 1. c. 9.</NOTE> and mixt with other lenient and moi&s;t Medicines.</P>
<P N="12">XII. Vomitories require their ju&s;t and exact do&s;e; for being given too &s;paringly they lo&s;e their vertue and purge by &s;tool. It is a &s;ign of a ju&s;t do&s;e, if yellow and green &s;tuff be vomited up; and it is a &s;ign of too &s;mall a do&s;e, if only wateri&s;h and white Humours be ca&s;t up. Now tho&s;e co|lours were not in the Humours before, but are brought upon them by the Medicines: Thus children vomit up the milk colour'd,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeu&s;.</NOTE> whereas it was white before.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. What &s;ome affirm, that a Vomit taken in never &s;o great a do&s;e, works no more &s;trongly, than if it were taken only in a moderate quanti|ty, is wholly untrue; and an experiment thereof is not to be made without danger: for if there be more particles of the Medicine, they will al&s;o imbue the more fibres, and entring deeper into them will provoke them the more grievou&s;ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis pha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. p. m. 5<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> &s;o that more cruel and frequent convul&s;ions of the Stomach mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily follow.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. It is not &s;afe to agitate the Stomach with violent vomiting Medicines: nor is it good to u&s;e ones &s;elf to them, &s;eeing <HI>no wi&s;e man will make a pi&s;s-pot of a pot for cookery.</HI> 'Tis better to pre&s;erve this part diligently and to &s;trengthen its tone, than to di&s;&s;olve it by Vomiting; unle&s;s Nature affect that way, and there be an ea&s;ine&s;s to vo|mit, and the preparation of the Ancients have been u&s;ed. &para; <HI>Cel&s;us (lib.</HI> 2. c. 13.) &s;ays that Vo|miting does not always good to the &s;ick,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan. Eu|chir. Anat. lib. 2. c. 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> but al|ways harm to the well; which is true e&s;pecially in our age, wherein men are not much u&s;ed to vo|miting: for often vomiting is a cau&s;e why Na|ture u&s;es to &s;end naughty Humours to the Stomach: for though they advi&s;e to vomit after dinner, yet &s;eeing that motion is violent, it always draws &s;ome|thing. Add hereto that the concoctive faculty is
<PB N="850" REF="389"> rendred weaker, and the tone of the <HI>villi</HI> or fibres of the Stomach becomes more rare and thin. Al|&s;o Nature being accu&s;tomed to this evacuation in health, when &s;he is hurt by a Di&s;ea&s;e &s;he is very apt to fall into it, whence the retentive facul|ty is vitiated:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus in Cel&s;i cit. loc.</NOTE> be&s;ides that it prejudices the Head, Lungs and Liver.</P>
<P N="15">XV. Tho&s;e act unskilfully, that I &s;ay not impi|ou&s;ly, who after many Medicines have been admi|ni&s;tred, when the Patients are ready to die and their &s;trength &s;pent, u&s;e Vomits as the la&s;t Reme|dies, which &s;uffocate the life that remains and ha|&s;ten death. But you will &s;ay, Mountebanks do thus, and have good &s;ucce&s;s? I an&s;wer, If you took account of the Patients with whom they have had bad &s;ucce&s;s, you will find an hundred dead, for two (robu&s;t) Per&s;ons that were pre&s;erved, who e&s;caped by the help of Fate, and not of this Medicine. The more wary Empiricks when they are called to &s;uch Patients, u&s;e to pronounce great danger of life; and therefore they warily admini&s;ter <HI>aurum potabile,</HI> or &s;ome other recruiter of &s;trength, till Nature re&s;ting from all perturbation recover her &s;elf a lit|tle,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Riolan En|chir. Anat. l. 2. c. 23.</NOTE> and then they take the opportunity of giving a gentle Vomit, which brings forth &s;erous Humours or the like indifferently.</P>
<P N="16">XVI <HI>Hippocrates</HI> 4. <HI>aph.</HI> 4. bids us Phy&s;ick the upper venters rather in the Summer, and the lower in Winter. And 6. <HI>aph.</HI> 6. &s;ays, that the lean and tho&s;e that Vomit ea&s;ily are to be purged upwards, avoiding the Winter: Rea&s;on con&s;ents, becau&s;e the Phlegmatick Humour abounding in the Winter, being naturally heavy, inclines downward, there|fore it is to be purged downward, according to the <HI>aph. Whither Nature inclines,</HI> &amp;c. He hath writ the contrary 3. <HI>de diaeta</HI> n. 3. where pre&s;cribing a Win|ter diet, <HI>We mu&s;t al&s;o,</HI> &s;ayes he, <HI>u&s;e Vomitings thrice a Month, if the Patients be moi&s;t; but if dry, twice, after meals of &s;everal &s;orts of meat.</HI> This he confirms <HI>lib. de &s;al. diae|ta:</HI> 'Tis profitable to Vomit the Six Winter Months, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ub&s;cribes (<HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>cap.</HI> 3.) Solve the&s;e things, by &s;aying that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> did not utter that opinion in the Aphori&s;m &s;imply, but by adding the particle <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>rather:</HI> as though he did not deny but that in the Summer al&s;o we might purge downwards, and in the Winter up|wards: Or &s;ay, If univer&s;al purgation be meant, as that which is made by <HI>Hellebore,</HI> common with <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> it ought in the Summer to be made up|wards, and in the Winter downwards: If a parti|cular, it ought to be made by Vomit in the Win|ter, and by Stool in the Summer: According to <HI>Galen</HI>'s comment on the fore&s;aid aphori&s;m: <HI>There|fore becau&s;e Phlegm is generated in the Belly in Winter,</HI> he advi&s;es us to evacuate it by Vomit, and to revel downwards the Choler that &s;wims a top in Sum|mer. And yet if you de&s;ire to purge the whole Body, you &s;hall purge it upwards in the Summer, and downwards in the Winter, as it is written in the Aphori&s;m: for tho&s;e things which are &s;uper|fluous, are cured by purgation, which mu&s;t be made by tho&s;e wayes whereto the Humours tend; for the&s;e are to be drawn through fit places that way they incline; but when you would hinder Humours from increa&s;ing, 'tis good to draw them back by contrary places.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sinibald. Antiph. l. 3.</NOTE></P>
<P N="17">XVII. We mu&s;t Vomit the <HI>Fat</HI> in one manner, and the <HI>Lean</HI> in another: for the former, becau&s;e the Humours are &s;luggi&s;h and unapt for motion, ought not to be Vomited but when they are fa&s;t|ing, and after con&s;iderable walking or other exer|ci&s;e; for &s;o the Phlegm, which is naturally clam|my and tough, waxing hot, is fu&s;ed and made more apt for exclu&s;ion: On the contrary the lean, as not at all abounding with Humours, if they be to be Vomited, it ought to be done after Meal when we have eat &s;everal &s;orts of meat according to <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI>'s precept l. <HI>de &s;al. diaeta,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Anti|ph. 9. l. 3.</NOTE> and 3. <HI>de diaeta</HI> n. 4.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. 'Tis hurtful to u&s;e Alteratives and Pur|gatives before Vomiting, for by the&s;e the Guts are &s;poiled of their clammy Mucilage, &s;o that the Vo|mit will corrode their &s;ub&s;tance and cau&s;e great griping. &para; Alteratives indeed may be premi&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus p. 57.</NOTE> but not of ab&s;olute nece&s;&s;ity; for the Vomitories them&s;elves may fu&s;e the Humours by their proper vertue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem p. 56.</NOTE></P>
<P N="19">XIX. If the condition of the Patient and the Di&s;ea&s;e require both Bleeding and Vomiting, 'tis mo&s;t &s;afe that Bleeding &s;hould precede: for other|wi&s;e while the Ve&s;&s;els are di&s;tended with Blood, there is danger le&s;t from the violent &s;trainings to Vomit either the Ve&s;&s;els of the Lungs &s;hould be broken, or the Brain &s;hould be hurt,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham tract. de febr.</NOTE> the Blood be|ing poured thither with violence and extrava&s;ated, and &s;o the Patient die Apoplectick.</P>
<P N="20">XX. 'Tis profitable to mix the Humours con|tained in the Stomach with &s;undry &s;orts of meat, both that it may the more clo&s;ely embrace them on every &s;ide, and al&s;o that Nature may the more ea&s;ily expel them when they are mixed with the Victuals: but the Victuals ought not to be of any kind indifferently, but &s;alt, bitter, acrimonious, in|ciding, attenuating and turgent, which, as <HI>Galen</HI> 3. <HI>de u&s;u part.</HI> advi&s;es, have a bilious nature, and exe|cute the office of Choler, namely ab&s;terge and clean&s;e the Belly; for all the&s;e, be&s;ides that they conduce to expul&s;ion, prepare the Humours them|&s;elves al&s;o to the &s;ame. But the clean contrary ought to be done in tho&s;e who&s;e Stomachs abound with crudities,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercat. de Ind. Med. c. 5.</NOTE> for then it is &s;ufficient to u&s;e vo|miting potions without eating, which is &s;u&s;pected and often very hurtful in crude Stomachs.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. We mu&s;t not <HI>Sleep upon</HI> Vomits, e&s;pecially when the Bodies are Cholerick, le&s;t the Choler be carried into the Brain in Sleeping:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. in Crollium.</NOTE> yet when the Patient has &s;eem'd to Vomit enough, Sleep may be allowed.</P>
<P N="22">XXII. When the Patient has taken a Vomit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus m. m. p. 60.</NOTE> let him drink after it Beer or fat Broth, for &s;o he will Vomit the ea&s;ilier.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. He that re&s;ts and lies in his Bed, hard|ly Vomits half &s;o much as he that &s;tirs up and down.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. After Vomiting give &s;weet Milk and white Bread,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> for this doth again demulce the Gul|let and Stomach.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. All Vomitories are bad given in &s;ub&s;tance.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Let us not be moved by the authority of grave Phy&s;icians who dread the u&s;e of Antimo|ny, whereas in the mean time they make u&s;e of <HI>A&s;arum</HI> that is no le&s;s &s;trong and violent: for who|&s;oever u&s;es <HI>A&s;arum</HI> to cau&s;e Vomiting, may al&s;o u&s;e Antimony, &s;eeing it is both a more grateful Reme|dy, and al&s;o turns the Stomach with le&s;s danger and far more ea&s;ily, and attracts from the more in|ward parts, e&s;pecially if the infu&s;ion be rather ta|ken than the &s;ub&s;tance; for then its vertue pene|trates deeper, nor does it give &s;o great mole&s;tati|on to the Stomach, and in &s;ome, yea very often, it works al&s;o by Stool: And if it be rightly and du|ly prepared, any one may u&s;e it &s;afelier and with le&s;s danger than <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> what&s;oever &s;ome clamour to the contrary, who fear all things that are &s;afe. White Vitriol is &s;tronger than Antimony, and Ta|baco is &s;tronger than either, exagitating mighti|ly and beyond mea&s;ure:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Primiro&s;. l. 2. de febr. c. ult.</NOTE> yet I have known many u&s;e it with good &s;ucce&s;s both in infu&s;ion and &s;ub|&s;tance.</P>
<P>&para; Antimony is the mo&s;t excellent of all Eme|ticks, and weakens lea&s;t of all: Yet its &s;ub&s;tance ought not to be given, but only its infu&s;ion, which let it not be prepared of the Gla&s;s, but only of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> that is very pure: for this is the &s;afe&s;t of all the preparations of Antimony, &amp; breaths a kind of Bal&s;amick vertue upon the <HI>Vi&s;cera</HI> after its operation. Other Vomitories which tho&s;e who are, and will be called Galeni&s;ts, u&s;e ordinarily,
<PB N="851" REF="389"> made of <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> the flowers of Broom, white Hel|lebore and other &s;uch like, be&s;ides that they are ungrateful and indi&s;cretely compounded, they are far wor&s;e and &s;tronger than Antimony; as I have a thou&s;and times found by Experience.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. 3. c. 2.</NOTE></P>
<P>&para; Among&s;t <HI>Vomitories</HI> I here prefer <HI>Antimonials</HI> be|fore all the re&s;t, both becau&s;e they do mo&s;t happily evacuate all Humours promi&s;cuou&s;ly, and al&s;o be|cau&s;e they are mo&s;t friendly to Humane Nature, in a peculiar manner reducing by degrees all the Hu|mours in a man to the mo&s;t laudable &s;tate; which vertue whether it be to be met with in other things, I make a que&s;tion; that it is in Antimony, I know. Yet we mu&s;t take heed of admini&s;tring them in too great a quantity, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For being rightly prepared and u&s;ed in a le&s;s quantity they hurt no body, as I can te&s;tifie from a thou&s;and Tryals: but in &s;uch ca&s;e they always profit, either by amending the noxious Humours in the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fr. Sylv. Pract. l. 1. c. 23.</NOTE> or by further pre|paring them for the Purgation that is to follow after.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. The infu&s;ion of Antimony or of its Gla&s;s in di&s;tilled Vinegar hath that benefit, that the very &s;ub&s;tance of the Antimony is fretted off by the acri|mony of the Vinegar, which being fretted off &s;inks to the bottom: Now if &s;uch infu&s;ion be prepared for &s;everal Do&s;es, the fir&s;t that are poured off will work but little; but when you come to the bot|tom, if you think to give the like quantity as you did before, you &s;hould cau&s;e the Patient to be either intolerably griped,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus p. 59.</NOTE> or even to die.</P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Spani&s;h wine extracts but little of its vertue; but French wine or Rheni&s;h a great deal, becau&s;e they incline to an acrimony: Red wine al&s;o extracts better than white. Spirit of Wine extracts nothing from Antimony.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. 'Tis in vain to pre&s;cribe the Do&s;e of the <HI>infu&s;ion</HI> of <HI>Crocus metallorum;</HI> for the &s;tre&s;s lies in the quality of the Liquor. No recipient receives by the mea&s;ure of the impre&s;&s;or, but by the mea&s;ure of its own receptivity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. <HI>Antimony prepared,</HI> or <HI>Crocus metallorum</HI> are pre&s;cribed to four or eight Grains; yet we &s;eldom go &s;o high as this la&s;t Do&s;e, nor do we u&s;e it at all but in infu&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="31">XXXI. Note that <HI>Aromata</HI> (or Spices) are not prudently added in an <HI>infu&s;ion of Antimony</HI> for Corre|ctions &s;ake, &s;eeing by this means the endeavour both of Nature and of the Medicine is inverted. For if that Infu&s;ion be given for this rea&s;on, to eva|cuate vitious Humours both out of the Stomach and neighbouring Parts, it ought al&s;o to exert its ope|ration upwards: And why would we weaken its vomiting vertue by &s;trengthning the Stomach with Spices? while on one &s;ide Nature is &s;timulated to expul&s;ion, &s;he is on the other held bound with &s;et|ters as it were, and hindred from doing that which &s;he intends to do, and &s;o &s;he is interrupted in her operation and becomes doubtful. If we will &s;treng|then the Stomach, let us do it after the vitious Humours are di&s;charged out of it by vomit: And therefore the poi&s;onous quality of the gla&s;s of An|timony is better corrected by Nitre alone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In Append. 3d animadv.</NOTE> as * <HI>Zwelfer</HI> admoni&s;hes.</P>
<P N="32">XXXII. <HI>The gla&s;s of Antimony</HI> u&s;es to work &s;trong|ly, being for the greate&s;t part, or altogether de|prived of its Sulphur in the Preparation: the Do&s;e of the Powder is from four Grains to &s;ix; of the infu&s;ion in Wine from &s;ix Drachms to ten. The <HI>flowers</HI> of Antimony are a fiercely vomiting Medicine, becau&s;e in its preparation the &s;aline and &s;ulphureous Particles a&s;cend (having &s;haken off the watry and earthy) and are combined together; &s;o that the mineral Body being very much unlocked, and the mo&s;t active Corpu&s;cles (the more dull which blunt the&s;e, being laid a&s;ide) joined together, the Do&s;e is only from two Grains to four. <HI>Crocus metallorum</HI> works kindly enough and is a very u&s;ual Emetick: it is given in &s;ub&s;tance from three Grains to five; the infu&s;ion of it in Wine from half an Ounce to an Ounce and half. The <HI>Sulphur of Antimony</HI> works more kindly and gently than any other Preparation of Antimony: the Do&s;e of it is from five Grains to ten. <HI>Mercurius vitae</HI> contains no Mercury in it, be|cau&s;e being deprived of its congelative Salts it re|&s;umes its former <HI>&s;pecies</HI> of Quick &s;ilver (It is made of equal quantities of choice Antimony and Mercury &s;ublimate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis Pharm. rat, p. 65.</NOTE>)</P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. <HI>Angelus Sala</HI>'s Emetick Syrup, called by others <HI>Oxy&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ccharum vomitivum,</HI> doth excellently clear the Stomach that is loaded with thick Phlegm. <HI>Gre|gorius Hor&s;tius tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 483. gave a Drachm of it to an A&s;thmatick Woman, whereby &s;he was cured by vomiting up &s;ome pounds of thick Phlegm. Le&s;s judicious Phy&s;icians might be afraid of choaking the Patient, as if the Pa&s;&s;ages appointed for re&s;pi|ration would be made &s;traiter in vomiting; but &s;agacious Nature grants &s;pace for re&s;piration be|twixt the Vomits: The &s;ame is to be ob&s;erved in a &s;uffocating Catarrh. I u&s;e that Syrup frequently; and &s;hould de&s;ire no alteration in it unle&s;s that the ta&s;te of the Vinegar might be &s;omewhat milder, of which &s;ome Patients complain:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ho&euml;f. Her|cul. Med. p. 118.</NOTE> therefore I often add a little of the Julap of Ro&s;es or the Syrup of Cinnamon. &para; <HI>Sala</HI> gives it from two Drachms to &s;ix: <HI>Hor&s;tius</HI> ob&s;erved that in the adult it may &s;afely be given to an Ounce. See his Seventh Book of Ob&s;er|vations, <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 30.</P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. I remember that I have read that <HI>white Vitriol</HI> was pre&s;cribed by <HI>Heurnius</HI> to two Grains: but that does nothing;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Walaeus.</NOTE> it mu&s;t be taken to half a Scru|ple, twelve or &s;ixteen Grains.</P>
<P N="35">XXXV. If much filth load the Bowels, e&s;pe|cially the Stomach, gentle Vomits with <HI>aqua benedicta</HI> are to be pre&s;cribed: for it has this peculiar vertue, that it not only throws out the filth, bur al&s;o in&s;ti|gates the Stomach to Concoction; whence after the u&s;e of <HI>aqua benedicta,</HI> we always ob&s;erve the appe|tite, even though buried as it were for a long time,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hartman. Pr. chym. p. 185.</NOTE> to be revoked and increa&s;ed.</P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. When a Di&s;ea&s;e yields not to the ver|tue of <HI>Antimony,</HI> white Hellebore is called in to a&s;&s;i&s;t, if the Patient be &s;trong. <HI>Herophilus</HI> compared it to a valiant Captain, for having mu&s;tered all within he &s;aid it marches fir&s;t out:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Heurn. Meth. med. lib. 2. c. 21.</HI> where he delivers divers Pre|parations of it (among&s;t which he ex|tols the Ele|ctuary) and divers cau|tions in giv|ing it.</NOTE> that therefore the Ancients mi&s;took in giving it in too &s;mall a Do&s;e, &s;eeing the more of it is given, the &s;ooner it comes forth: But then it mu&s;t be accurately prepared, &s;eeing, as <HI>Oriba&s;ius</HI> witne&s;&s;es, heretofore many have been kill'd by it, becau&s;e they knew not how to prepare it.</P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. The &s;ame thing almo&s;t is to be corre|cted in <HI>Quercetan</HI>'s Oxymel of Tabaco, where al&s;o the quantity of the Vinegar is too great, and of the Tabaco too little for the intention of rai&s;ing a Vo|mit. Therefore I think that the weight of the Ta|baco ought to be doubled. The Do&s;e is two or three Spoonfuls by it felf, or with &s;ome pectoral Decoction. It is approved of by <HI>Hor&s;tius,</HI> &amp;c.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoefer.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. In the giving of Vomits with Prepa|rations of Vitriol,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Beguin. tyro|cin. l. 2. c. 17.</NOTE> we mu&s;t carefully take heed of an A&s;thma and other Di&s;ea&s;es of the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Among&s;t Vomitories I prefer Antimoni|als before all others, as often as <HI>Choler</HI> chiefly of|fends; where <HI>Phlegm</HI> abounds, I commend <HI>Mercurials,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylv. Ap|pend. tract. 8. &sect; 160.</NOTE> either alone or mixt with other things, becau&s;e they do above all other bring forth tough Phlegm, and moreover incide it.</P>
<P N="40">XL. Among the &s;tronger Vomitories we u&s;e now adays, is the <HI>&s;alt</HI> of <HI>Vitriol</HI> rightly prepared, of Vi|triol rightly calcin'd: For if the calcin'd Vitriol acquire not a dull purple colour, you &s;hall extract nothing but a Vitriol of the &s;ame colour, and &s;hall obtain no white Salt: But if you exceed, and &s;o by calcining the Vitriol too much &s;poil it of its acid Spirits, you &s;hall not get much of that Salt out of it which will vomit. <HI>Sal Martis</HI> rightly prepared of <HI>Vitriolum Martis</HI> has a better vertue: <HI>Quercetan (in tetrad|aff.
<PB N="852" REF="390"> capit.)</HI> be&s;tows on it the name of a cele&s;tial Man|na. <HI>A. Sala</HI> in his ternary of Vomitories commends it to the Skies. Yet note from <HI>Zwelfer (in Append. ad Animadv. p. m.</HI> 7.) that this is improperly called a Salt, &s;eeing it is nothing but the &s;ub&s;tance it &s;elf of the Vitriol &s;eparated from all impurities and me|tallick &s;ub&s;tance, &s;eeing 'tis commonly prepared without any preceding calcination, only by repea|ted Solutions, Filtrations and Coagulations, whence it ought to be called,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Frid. Hof|man. m. m. p. 112.</NOTE> <HI>white Vitriol vomitive,</HI> and not <HI>&s;alt</HI> of <HI>Vitriol.</HI></P>
<P N="41">XLI. The <HI>gla&s;s</HI> of <HI>Antimony</HI> is not given &s;afely in &s;ub&s;tance, but 'tis more &s;afe to u&s;e it in infu&s;ion, or by correcting it with Nitre only, for the amending its noxious Nature: For becau&s;e it is nothing but the meer Marcha&s;ite of Lead, having in it an Ar&s;eni|cal Mercury, and an external auripigmental Sul|phur, certainly it is not void of all poi&s;onous qua|lity.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem l. 1. c. 9.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> &s;ays that <HI>Vitriol</HI> cau&s;es vomiting, which is to be under&s;tood of the crude, for being badly prepared (Chymi&s;ts call it <HI>Gilla</HI>) it cau&s;es a mortal vomiting and death. One to empty his Stomach that was overcharged with &s;alt Herrings, took a <HI>Gilla</HI> prepared by him&s;elf, and died on the &s;ame day vomiting: His Stomach was found per&s;o|rated in three places,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Henr. ab Heers de Acid. p. 28.</NOTE> excepting only the thin out|mo&s;t coat to which the <HI>Gilla</HI> &s;tuck fa&s;t and had eaten into it.</P>
<P N="43">XLIII. <HI>Salt</HI> of <HI>Vitriol</HI> is pre&s;cribed to be made di|vers ways, <HI>viz.</HI> of an elixiviate Colcothar, of a blue calcin'd and elixiviate Vitriol, according to <HI>Ang. Sala;</HI> and of white Vitriol purified by often &s;olutions and coagulations, which Medicine is com|monly called <HI>Gilla Theophra&s;ti,</HI> and is altogether &s;afe and ea&s;ie to make: Yet the two fir&s;t Medicines are notably &s;typtick, and, ina&s;much as they have en|dured the fire, are &s;omewhat corro&s;ive: but the la&s;t being kindly enough does gently pull the Fi|bres of the Stomach, and cau&s;es them &s;omewhat to contract them&s;elves, &s;o that for the ca&s;ting off what is trouble&s;om they are at length convuls'd and cau&s;e &s;trainings to vomit, yet &s;uch as &s;oon pa&s;s over, and the di&s;turbance of the Stomach is allayed in a &s;hort time. Salt of Vitriol is the more e&s;teemed, becau&s;e it &s;eldom gives any di&s;turbance beyond the Stomach, nor like Antimonials brings on Convul|&s;ions of the <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> and di&s;orders of the Blood or fainting away: yet it is blamed, for that it works but dully, and &s;ometimes not at all; &s;o that after the taking of Vitriol and drinking a great deal of Po&s;&s;et-drink 'tis often nece&s;&s;ary to provoke vomi|ting by putting a feather down the Throat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Willis Pharm. rat. p. 60.</NOTE> or by drinking <HI>Carduus</HI> Po&s;&s;et or oxymel of Squills.</P>
<P N="44">XLIV. <HI>A&s;arum</HI> is better in infu&s;ion than &s;ub&s;tance, for thereby it becomes milder: in Decoction its vo|latil vertue is more driven away, whence it almo&s;t cea&s;es to be a vomitive, unle&s;s it be boiled but gently. I have ob&s;erved the root to be milder than the leaves. A &s;trong man died of a &s;uperpurgation that had taken a &s;poonful of the Powder of the leaves,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> Antidotes being given in vain.</P>
<P N="45">XLV. Divers de&s;criptions of <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s <HI>aqua bene|dicta</HI> go about, &s;ome a&s;firming it to be made of <HI>crocus,</HI> but that of the Author him&s;elf is the be&s;t (<HI>Cent.</HI> 5. <HI>Ob&s;.</HI> 95.) Take of <HI>crocus metallorum</HI> from the bigne&s;s of a Lentil to the quantity of a Pea&s;e, of Water, Wine, Beer, Mead or other Liquor proper for the Di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gr. W. We|del. de &s;. m. fac. p. 161.</NOTE> as much as &s;uffices: Steep it for a Night, or in ca&s;e of urgent nece&s;&s;ity boil it: &s;train it, and the Do&s;e is from half an Ounce to two Ounces.</P>
<P N="46">XLVI. But note that that <HI>crocus metallorum</HI> (which I would have to be under&s;tood al&s;o of all other An|timonial Emeticks, for &s;o even the gla&s;s may be given, and that made by it &s;elf without Borax) is not here to be made u&s;e of that is made with the addition of Tartar, but that which is made of an equal quantity of Antimony and Nitre alone; whe|ther the whole be detonated all at once, by putting a live-coal into the Mortar, or &s;ucce&s;&s;ively, which latter falls in with the gla&s;s of Antimony: but the other is more dull, and is not &s;o u&s;eful for the&s;e purpo&s;es, but more for Eye-&s;alves.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="47">XLVII. <HI>Antimonials</HI> are corrected and rendred more mild, 1. By <HI>Infu&s;ion,</HI> for they are of an inex|hau&s;tible vertue, and that both in watry things, which extract but weakly, and al&s;o with tarti&s;h things, as Wine, which is better, whence is <HI>Ru|landus</HI>'s <HI>aqua benedicta.</HI> 2. By <HI>Precipitation</HI> with Salts, &s;uch as is <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> commonly &s;o called, though it have not the lea&s;t &s;mack of Mercury, a Vomitory good enough, and is nothing el&s;e but the Flowers, or precipitate rather of Antimony, loo&s;ed and de|voured by Salts, and then freed and &s;weetned by &s;imple water. See that you do not exceed in the Do&s;e, for it is not to be given to above three Grains unle&s;s there be great nece&s;&s;ity. 3. By <HI>impregnation</HI> with Tartar, which correction is the be&s;t and &s;afe&s;t of all; namely when <HI>crocus metallorum</HI> rightly prepa|red without &s;alt of Wormwood, or in&s;tead thereof al&s;o the Flowers of Antimony, like the gla&s;s of Antimony are boiled with cry&s;tals of Tartar and fil|trated, and the cry&s;tals ari&s;ing thence are given to one, two or three Grains. And this at this day is the be&s;t and mo&s;t u&s;ual Vomitory among the choicer Practitioners and Chymi&s;ts, which never fails if it be rightly prepared, wherein there is no &s;mall cun|ning: for thus its violence is kill'd as it were, and its vertue being unclo&s;ed and conjoined with the Tartar is obtain'd in a <HI>Compendium</HI> as it were, whence we have often given the &s;ame very &s;afely even to Infants.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. The <HI>gla&s;s of Antimony</HI> is prepared divers wayes, and &s;o of a different colour: but that is de|&s;ervedly preferred, which is prepared of Antimo|ny alone, without the addition of any other thing, by calcination, and then fu&s;ion: It is both a very good Vomitory, and al&s;o a Purger by Stool, eva|cuating very well all offending Humours. Being ground it is infu&s;ed for a Night in a convenient Liquor, as French Wine, Rheni&s;h, Canary, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Beer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Franc. de le Boe Sylv. m. m. l. 2. c. 10.</NOTE> di&s;tilled Water, Hydromel, Vinegar, vinegar and Sugar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. Of the gla&s;s of Antimony is made a vomi|ting <HI>&s;apa,</HI> whereof I have very often experienc'd a commendable effect: it is a very grateful Medicine, to be taken to the bigne&s;s of a Pepper-corn or an indifferent large Pea&s;e, in any Liquor that is ac|ceptable to the Patient. As this <HI>&s;apa</HI> is prepared of the gla&s;s of Antimony with Mu&s;t (or new Wine that has not wrought) &s;o with the thickned juice of fragrant Apples, Pears, Plums, Quinces or the like may there be prepared <HI>Mivae,</HI> Syrups, Rob, and Medicines of other names, very fit for bringing forth any Humours by Vomit, and withal &s;afe and grateful. And this above all others does the gla&s;s of Antimony perform, which many would more e&s;teem of, if they rightly knew what vertues lie hid in it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
<P N="50">L. I have more than once prepared a tarti&s;h Sy|rup, or rather <HI>Miva,</HI> of <HI>Quinces,</HI> viz. of their <HI>juice</HI> alone boiled to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Syrup by a gen|tle fire; a laudable effect whereof, and often very different, I have oft admired. If you give half a &s;poonful hereof to Infants, or more to the adult, it incides glutinous Phlegm, and &s;ometimes brings it up out of the Lungs by coughing, &s;ometimes out of the Stomach and &s;mall Gut by vomiting, and &s;ome|times expells it from the &s;ame Parts by Stool: And which is greatly to be e&s;teemed of, it al&s;o adds &s;trength to the Patients, and happily re&s;tores them; &s;o that by this one remedy I have recovered many Patients that have loath'd mo&s;t other Medicines. But it is chiefly profitable for evacuating and corre|cting Phlegm.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibid.</NOTE></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="853" REF="390">
<HEAD>Uterines, <HI>or Remedies for the Womb.</HI> (See of the Di&s;ea&s;es of <HI>&V;terus</HI> or Womb in general, Book 18. and the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Men&s;trua,</HI> Book 11.)</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>They re&s;pect either the Ve&s;&s;els and pa&s;&s;ages. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the Blood; <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the <HI>genus nervo&s;um</HI> and &s;ub&s;tance of the Womb. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or the extrava&s;ated Humours. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In what kind of &s;weet things the Womb delights. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether acids are hurtful to it. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Volatil Pellents are to be avoided in Women with Child. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t u&s;e Aperients and A&s;tringents. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How we mu&s;t a&s;tringe in Women with Child. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What &s;ort of A&s;tringents are convenient. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Purgers provoke the Terms. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. HY&s;tericks re&s;pect either (1.) the <HI>ve&s;&s;els</HI> and <HI>pa&s;&s;ages</HI> which &s;hould lie open for the Blood to pa&s;s out by; and &s;o hither belong <HI>Aperients,</HI> and &s;uch as remove ob&s;tructions or &s;toppages; as al&s;o <HI>Inciders</HI> and <HI>Clean&s;ers,</HI> both internal Saline and Sul|phureous Medicines, and al&s;o external, as Baths, Cly&s;ters, Suffumigations, Pe&s;&s;aries, and other Ab|ffergers.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or (2.) the <HI>contents of the Ve&s;&s;els,</HI> or the <HI>Blood.</HI> The motion of the Blood to the Womb, is like that of the &s;ea to the &s;hoar, and it is Lunar, for Women that are in health have their Blood flow hither every month. To this littoral or &s;hoar-like moti|on of the Blood to the Womb, have <HI>&V;terines</HI> re|&s;pect: And tho&s;e are 1. <HI>Promovents,</HI> which procure a fermentation, turge&s;cence and motion, <HI>either</HI> by <HI>rarefying</HI> and <HI>attenuating,</HI> which are particularly cal|led Emmenagogues, &s;uch as are <HI>volatil oleous</HI> things, endued with a volatil Sulphur, as Savin, Saffron, Angelica, Myrrh, Camphor, <HI>&amp;c. Saline</HI> things, the Salt of Mugwort, Borax, and e&s;pecially volatil, as Scurvigra&s;s, the Spirit of &s;al Armoniack, and o|ther Acrimonious things: <HI>Bitter</HI> things, as e&s;pecial|ly Aloes; whence <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> is excellent for the Green-&s;ickne&s;s: <HI>Aromaticks,</HI> which at once Remedy the glutinou&s;ne&s;s of the Humours, free the mouths of the Ve&s;&s;els from what ob&s;tructs them, and re|move the phlegmatick, tartareous, and mucilagi|nous Humours that cleave about them, and dilate the pores, and in a word, make the pa&s;&s;ages free and open, and kindly folicit Nature to excretion. Where we mu&s;t note by the way, That what&s;oever things provoke the Terms, the &s;ame do al&s;o ha&s;ten the exit of the <HI>foetus,</HI> and expel a fal&s;e conception or mole: yet &s;timulaters are not the only things which do this, but comforting Bal&s;amicks, as the oyl of Amber; Cinnabarines, Cinnamon, and divers prepa|rations of the&s;e things. Yea hither belong al&s;o <HI>Purgers</HI> them&s;elves, which often procure the flux of the Terms on the very day they are taken, for e|ven they do both &s;timulate and drive forwards, and al&s;o add a new fermentation to the Blood: <HI>Dia|phoreticks</HI> al&s;o, e&s;pecially the Volatil. <HI>Or el&s;e</HI> by <HI>ab|&s;orbing</HI> acid, &s;owr, &s;typtick Humours abounding, and too much fixing and concentrating the Blood, &s;uch as are fixt Medicines, but not all alike, for Crabs-eyes, or chalk, &s;hells, corals are not reck|oned among provokers of the Terms, nor have they place in that ca&s;e, but &s;uch as do more inti|mately &s;weeten and &s;aturate the &s;aid Humours, &s;uch as are Steel-Remedies above all other. So that he who would happily cure the ob&s;tructions of the Terms, may do it be&s;t of all with Steel-Me|dicines, &s;uch as <HI>crocus Martis aperitivus, vitriolatus, &s;ac|charinus, Quercetan's</HI> cachectick powder, or his Sto|machal mixt with Martials, adding (for in&s;tance) the oyl of Cinnamon, which does very commenda|bly &s;erve this intention. 2. <HI>Bridlers</HI> and retarders, whether the Blood be too &s;erous, and Acrimoni|ous, or cholerick, unlocking and gnawing a&s;under the mouths of the ve&s;&s;els, or whether it i&s;&s;ue plen|tifully through the breach of &s;ome ve&s;&s;el, or other hurts. Now this exce&s;&s;ive <HI>fermentation</HI> and turge&s;|cence, is re&s;trained both by <HI>watry coolers</HI> which tem|per and dilute the volatil, &s;aline, and &s;ulphureous parts abounding in the Blood; and al&s;o by <HI>earthy</HI> and <HI>&s;typtick</HI> things which precipitate, &s;eparate, bind and hinder the motion of the &s;ame, as Plantane, Shepherds-pur&s;e, Corals, <HI>Haematites,</HI> and other things to be fetcht from a&s;tringents, likewi&s;e <HI>acid</HI> and <HI>&s;owr</HI> things that do infringe and tame the &s;aid parts, as the Spirit of Vitriol, its tincture, the tincture of Violets, and Ro&s;es, the &s;typtick antiphthifick tin|cture of <HI>Garmannus,</HI> which does good in the immo|derate flux of the Terms, and <HI>Opiats</HI> them&s;elves. All the&s;e, I &s;ay, benefit in the immoderate flux of the Terms or <HI>Lochia,</HI> and al&s;o partly in the Whites.</P>
<P N="3">III. Or (3.) the <HI>genus nervo&s;um</HI> and &s;ub&s;tance it &s;elf of the Womb, as it is known that it is membranous, has a very great con&s;ent with the head, and is plen|tifully &s;tored with Nerves: Medicines of this &s;ort are the Nervine, enumerated under the Cephalick, things endued with a volatil Bal&s;amick Sulphur, &s;pirituous things, plea&s;ant things, as Balm, Ro&s;emary, Sage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Ca&s;tor, Amber, both which are full of an oleous volatil Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and above all others, Cinnabarines; as it is certain by practical experi|ence, that native Hungarian Cinnabar does greatly relieve hy&s;terical di&s;tempers and convul&s;ive mo|tions of the Womb; likewi&s;e preparations of an humane &s;ecundine, Ivory without fire, and prepa|rations of Harts-horn and the like, whereby it ap|pears that that Medico-practical rule, That all Ce|phalicks are Uterines, or that all Cephalick Herbs <HI>in &s;pecie</HI> do al&s;o re&s;pect the Womb, and on the con|trary, does hold chiefly in this &s;en&s;e, becau&s;e of the &s;ociety of &s;ub&s;tance, and agreeablene&s;s or analo|gie of the nervous parts. And the&s;e, e&s;pecially the <HI>comforting Aromaticks,</HI> are Uterines, and profit parti|cularly in the hy&s;terical &s;uffocation, and its various degrees, and con&s;equently in fainting, &s;wooning, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The &s;ame are approved in hard travail, ina&s;much as they either &s;trengthen Nature and the Nerves, as Cinnabarines; or do withal &s;timulate, as the oyl of Cinnamon, of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Al&s;o in the pain of the Womb, and <HI>fluor albus,</HI> or Whites, ina&s;much as the <HI>compages</HI> of the Blood is too loo&s;e therein, and the &s;erous ichor outweighing the oily parts of the Blood is ca&s;t off through the loo&s;ene&s;s and weakne&s;s of the fibres accompanying: whence &s;uch Uterines as are &s;trengthening, and the oleous Bal&s;amick (as Ro&s;emary) profit in this ca&s;e. From hence it is clear why Vinegar is called by <HI>Hippocrates</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign"> (or a Painer of the Womb) namely becau&s;e it is offen&s;ive to the Nerves, be|cau&s;e it fixes the Blood, and depre&s;&s;es and &s;ubju|gates its &s;ulphur and &s;aline volatil parts: for other|wi&s;e when there is an intention to incide, or to tame the Sulphur, as in the <HI>amor in&s;anus,</HI> or in the immoderate flux of the Terms, 'tis very proper, if it be not given in too large a do&s;e.</P>
<P N="4">IV. Or (4.) the <HI>extrava&s;ated Humours</HI> &s;tagnating about the Womb, and <HI>flatus</HI> that ari&s;e from thence, putrid filth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which ca&s;e indeed often happens, and creates divers cruel Symptoms: of this &s;ort of Medicines are 1. <HI>Bal&s;amicks</HI> re&s;i&s;ting putre|faction, <HI>Bitter, Gummous</HI> and <HI>ro&s;inous</HI> things, Aloes, Myrrh, <HI>Scordium, a&s;a foetida, Galbanum,</HI> the e&s;&s;ence of Amber, of Myrrh, of <HI>a&s;a foetida,</HI> the Uterine Elix|ir of <HI>Crollius, &amp;c.</HI> 2. <HI>Re&s;olvers</HI> of the cloddine&s;s of the extrava&s;ated Blood, whether already clodded
<PB N="854" REF="391"> or but a clodding, as Chervil, Crabs-Eyes <HI>Bezoar|dicum Martiale:</HI> Antimonials and other &s;uch like do notably di&s;&s;ipate whatever &s;tagnates, and take away convul&s;ive and hy&s;terical Symptoms ari&s;ing thence. 3. <HI>Di&s;cu&s;&s;ers, Diaphoreticks</HI> and the more pe|netrating <HI>Sudorificks,</HI> as <HI>tinctura Bezoardica,</HI> the Spirit of Tartar, <HI>mixtura &s;implex,</HI> which it &s;elf al&s;o purges out putrid filth, and Diureticks al&s;o them&s;elves do notably clean&s;e the Womb. 4. <HI>Carminatives</HI> in a &s;pe|cial manner, for <HI>Carminatives are the be&s;t &V;terines,</HI> and as Practitioners have experimented, the &s;ame things that are good for the Colick do al&s;o help fits of the Mother, as the Carminative &s;eeds, Zedoary, Galangal, <HI>e&s;&s;entia carminativa</HI> with the Uterine Elixir, the Tincture of Tartar, <HI>Bezoardicum Martiale,</HI> which are very excellent in the Hy&s;teralgie and pains af|ter travail. And the&s;e are good in Uterine <HI>flatus,</HI> which I have ob&s;erved in a cacochymical Woman to be di&s;charged out of the Womb like the <HI>flatus</HI> of the Belly; and al&s;o in hy&s;terical &s;uffocations produced thence, and from the putrid Blood &s;tag|nating there; likewi&s;e when the flux of the Terms and <HI>Lochia</HI> are painful, with anxieties, pains of the back, gripings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. It is a rule among&s;t Practitioners, <HI>That the Womb is demulced by &s;weet things:</HI> But it is hardly to be under&s;tood of &s;weet things that are actually &s;uch ab&s;olutely, which indeed, where the fermentation of the Blood is to be renewed, have a notable u&s;e, ina&s;much as they promote its turge&s;cence; al&s;o in a fear of Abortion Honey is good outwardly, or Bread &s;oak'd in Honey and Sack: yet where the <HI>Blood</HI> is to be <HI>bridled,</HI> as in a too great flux of Blood and in other ca&s;es, they rather do hurt: So things &s;weetned with Sugar and Honey are naught for the hy&s;terical, for they rai&s;e di&s;turbances, and revoke and exa&s;perate quieted &s;ymptoms.</P>
<P N="6">VI. <HI>Acids</HI> (which follows as a Con&s;ectary from what has been &s;aid) and <HI>&s;weet</HI> things, are neither alwayes to be ab&s;tained from, nor to be u&s;ed pro|mi&s;cuou&s;ly: This chiefly holds of Vinegar, for it is but little furni&s;hed with Sulphureous Particles; But &s;uch Acids as are Sulphureous withal, as the Cephalick Spirit of Salt, Nitre or Vitriol, are more friendly to the Womb; whence <HI>Syrupus Byzan|tinus,</HI> Oxymel &s;imple, and that of Squils, and other acids hurt the Womb; but the&s;e being moderate|ly Sulphureous may be u&s;ed upon occa&s;ion. This appears from Diet; for if a Woman that has her Terms flowing eat Salads or other acid things, they are &s;topt thereby; namely becau&s;e they are ad|ver&s;e to the tone of the Womb both as to the tur|ge&s;cence of the Blood, and al&s;o as to its own Ner|vous &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P N="7">VII. In Women with Child Volatil Pellents are to be avoided: whence if the ca&s;e be doubtful, whe|ther a Woman be with Child, or only her Terms are &s;uppre&s;t, we hardly u&s;e to ri&s;e higher than Steel Remedies, which do not hurt, but do withal &s;trengthen: Otherwi&s;e attemperaters and a&s;trin|gents are proper for them, as to the Uterine Ve&s;|&s;els; and &s;pirituous things, as to the vital &s;trength of the <HI>foetus.</HI></P>
<P N="8">VIII. <HI>When we would open, &s;trong Pellents alone are not proper; but moi&s;teners withal are to be u&s;ed: where we would bind, let not driers be omitted.</HI> Hence tho&s;e Phy&s;icians err who in the &s;toppage of the Terms u&s;e only vo|latil oleous things, as the Oyl of Juniper, the Spi|rit of Sal Armoniack, the oyl of Savin, Borax and other things: for hence Whores do often u&s;e Sa|vin and the like in vain, when they are not di&s;|po&s;ed to Mi&s;carriage: namely we mu&s;t withal have regard to the <HI>Serum,</HI> which is required as much as the Blood to turge&s;cence. Whence I have always done more by moi&s;teners, as <HI>tinctura Martis tartari&s;a|ta, tinctura Martis pomata,</HI> uterine Infu&s;ions and De|coctions, than by other things.</P>
<P N="9">IX. In tho&s;e who are not with Child, we mu&s;t not bind without revul&s;ion; and in tho&s;e who are, not without regard to the <HI>foetus.</HI> As for example, If any labour under an immoderate flux of the Terms, which often &s;prings from an ob&s;truction of the Ve&s;&s;els, (which ob&s;truction mu&s;t be remedied) a&s;tringents are more profitable when you have fir&s;t Bled: But if a Woman with Child have her Terms flow, the weakne&s;s of the <HI>foetus</HI> is alwayes to be re|garded.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the u&s;e of a&s;tringents al&s;o the tone of the Womb is always to be re&s;pected, both as to the Blood, and al&s;o as to the loo&s;ne&s;s of the Fibres. Hence in the <HI>fluor albus</HI> or Whites, the common A|&s;tringents are not &s;o profitable alone, as when Aro|maticks are mixed therewith, as Ro&s;emary, Cher|vil, Ivory, Ca&s;tor, the magi&s;tery of Crabs Eyes, with the oyl of Ani&s;e, and of Amber,<NOTE PLACE="marg">G. W. We|del. de f. m. fac. p. 117.</NOTE> which is excellent, for otherwi&s;e there will be no good &s;uc|ce&s;s.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Vulneraries.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Internal</HI> Vulneraries are either of an Alkaline nature; <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Or of a Bal&s;amick. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are not good always and in every ca&s;e. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They are withal Re&s;olvents, and di&s;&s;olve clodded Blood. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Externals</HI> act diver&s;ly. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. TRaumaticks or Vulneraries are either inter|nal or external; both are indicated by &s;o|lution of unity in general, whether they be wounds, or brui&s;es (e&s;pecially with the hurt of the inner parts) or Ulcers, or Ruptures and open|ed Orifices of the Veins, falls from on high, &s;pitt|ing of Blood, Dy&s;enterie, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in all which they are very good. But it being &s;uppo&s;ed that the Blood is the aliment of all the parts, 'tis nece&s;&s;ary when there is &s;olution of unity, that this al&s;o &s;hould be ami&s;s; and therefore we mu&s;t have re|gard to this, that it may the fitlier di&s;po&s;e the in|jur'd part to con&s;olidation. Now they are chiefly of two kinds, either 1. of an <HI>Alkaline nature,</HI> which you may find largely di&s;cu&s;&s;ed by <HI>Hel|mont:</HI> For he determins (not unfitly) that in e|very Ulcer there ari&s;es an acidity that is the token and companion of all putrefaction in the fle&s;h, and that <HI>Alkali</HI>'s do ea&s;ily ab&s;orb it into them&s;elves and con&s;ume it: &s;o that all vulnerary potions contain in them an occult <HI>Alkali,</HI> and that volatil, if they be to re&s;i&s;t the accidents that &s;pring from the corruption of the acidity, ina&s;much as e|very alkali kills every acidity it comes near. &para; Let us apply hither that place of <HI>Galen</HI> 2. <HI>aph.</HI> 17. con|cerning the acidity of the Blood, where he &s;ayes, The &s;ame thing that happens in Wines which grow &s;owr, does al&s;o happen in the alteration of the Blood. Seeing therefore in wounds both the tone of the Blood is altered, and that it nece&s;&s;arily con|curs to their cure; hence Vulneraries are &s;uch as ab&s;orb the acidity, and pre&s;erve the tone of the Blood, and likewi&s;e temper both acrimonious and &s;erous Humours, and moderately deterge. And &s;uch are the Alkalines in a &s;pecial manner which have been already mentioned, as Crabs Eyes, which do both help in the fore&s;aid wounds, and being boiled in Wine acquire a lixivious ta&s;te. So likewi&s;e <HI>Antimonium diaphoreticum</HI> is with very good advice taken within the Body in outward Ul|cers; and thus the very Antihectick of <HI>Poterius</HI> is good in a phthi&s;is for this rea&s;on; and the Plants called traumatick, that is, which either have a nitrous detergent faculty, or &s;omething that is a&s;tringent and earthy, do re&s;pect the tone of the
<PB N="855" REF="391"> Blood and greatly re&s;i&s;t putrefaction, and reduce preternatural ichors into order.</P>
<P N="2">II. Or 2. they are of a <HI>Bal&s;amick</HI> nature, and vigo|rate the Blood by their volatil oleous Salt, that is both &s;trengthening and a&s;tringent. Thus <HI>Fevre</HI> (in a <HI>Chymical tract</HI>) relates, that a certain Surgeon in all wounds did pre&s;ently give &s;ome Nutmeg in a draught, that the Blood might be vigorated by its Bal&s;amick vertue, and &s;o all things might be the fitlier di&s;po&s;ed for con&s;olidation: And though the&s;e Internals do not ha&s;ten in their &s;ub&s;tance to the wound that is remote, yet they di&s;po&s;e the Blood &s;o as that parts divided may be the more apt to clo&s;e together again.</P>
<P N="3">III. It is to be noted that vulnerary potions are le&s;s convenient 1. in the beginning, whil&s;t the flux la&s;ts, le&s;t the Humours be further driven into the part affected: 2. They are not &s;o good in Wounds of the Head, which do rather require driers out|wardly, and Nervine ab&s;orbers inwardly; but are better when the Limbs, or other <HI>vi&s;cera</HI> are hurt; for through their &s;ame vertue they di&s;&s;olve the clodded Blood and &s;trengthen its tone. 3. Re|&s;pect is al&s;o to be had to the Stomach, that it be not hurt by them. Add 4. that the fir&s;t region ought not to be foul. In the year 1679. in <HI>Decem|ber</HI> I had under cure an Inn-keepers Wife of <HI>Gene|va</HI> at the &s;ign of the three Kings: This woman having an Ulcer in her Womb, by the Womens advice (without my con&s;ent) took two vulnerary potions, whereupon &s;he fell into a Fever: But &s;he was cured by Injections of decoctions indued with the &s;ame vertue.</P>
<P N="4">IV. 'Tis ob&s;ervable that the&s;e Traumaticks are mo&s;t of them withal Re&s;olvers or Di&s;&s;olvers of clodded Blood of both kinds, as Crabs-Eyes, Sar|cocol, Myrrhe, Yarrow, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="5">V. The&s;e &s;ame things, of both kinds, being ap|plied outwardly and immediately, are notably be|neficial. Thus al&s;o Bal&s;amick Sulphurs, native Cinnabar, the fixt Sulphur of Antimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the &s;ame &s;tamp are al&s;o external Traumaticks, <HI>Sarcoticks,</HI> which are either 1. <HI>moderately drying,</HI> of an earthy and Saline, or Alkaline nature, as Ce|ru&s;s, Pompholyx, Litharge, which do both a&s;tringe gently and al&s;o &s;trengthen, and remove impedi|ments, and wa&s;te and ab&s;orb &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture, and &s;trengthen the lips of the Ulcer and Fle&s;h, &s;o that it is made like to that which is &s;ound, and is not proud. Thus &s;uch like ab&s;orbing pow|ders do often con&s;olidate Ulcers that are &s;tubborn and hard to clo&s;e through over much moi&s;ture and loo&s;ene&s;s of the Lips of the Ulcer, which I have &s;ometimes ob&s;erved. Whence it may &s;erve as a Rule, <HI>When&s;oever ulcers abound with &s;uperfluous moi|&s;ture, there moderate driers, and e&s;pecially &s;trengtheners, are good, far before oily and empla&s;tick things.</HI> Thus dry lint alone is u&s;eful in the wounds of the nails and other fle&s;hle&s;s parts. Likewi&s;e the powder of Crabs-Eyes being &s;prinkled on fre&s;h wounds heals them, for it pre&s;ently &s;ea&s;ons as it were the fle&s;h and injur'd parts, &s;o that they remit nothing of their Bal&s;amick vigour, nor conceive <HI>pus.</HI> An in|curable ulcer has been healed up by pompholyx alone; a corroding one drilling with a continual moi&s;ture, only by the powder of Ceru&s;s. Thus al&s;o in <HI>wounds of the Head</HI> moderate and temperate driers do the bu&s;ine&s;s; and on the contrary all fat oily, unguentous things, and fat Pla&s;ters are not at all good; unle&s;s one &s;hould perhaps except &s;uch as are nervine, as the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru.</HI> 2. <HI>Bal|&s;amicks,</HI> whether they be <HI>Gumms</HI> and <HI>ro&s;inous &s;imples,</HI> as St. Johns wort, Aloes, Gumm Elemi, (which is excellent for &s;tabs) Ma&s;tich, Frankincen&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or <HI>oyls,</HI> both made by <HI>expre&s;&s;ion,</HI> as the green oyl of El|der, which being taken inwardly is a notable vo|mitory, and outwardly is a Vulnerary; and by <HI>boiling,</HI> as that of St. Johns wort; and by <HI>di&s;tillation, viz.</HI> &s;imple, as the &s;tinking oyl of Tartar, which con&s;olidates very powerfully, and may ea&s;ily be boiled into a Pla&s;ter with wax; the oyl of Tur|pentine: Likewi&s;e <HI>Bal&s;ams,</HI> both the native, as the Indian of <HI>Tolu,</HI> and al&s;o artificial, as Pla&s;ters: But all Pla&s;ters almo&s;t agree in this, that they defend wounds from the Air, and cheri&s;h the part by their moderately drying Bal&s;amick vertue, as in parti|cular Lead-Pla&s;ters are on that account very fa|mous.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="20" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="392">
<PB N="853" REF="392">
<HEAD>A GUIDE TO THE Practical Phy&s;ician. BOOK XX.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the Office of a Phy&s;ician.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<HEAD>The Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t &s;tudy to get him&s;elf a Name by Lawful Ways. <HI>I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not commend him&s;elf, nor magnify a &s;mall matter. <HI>II.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not refu&s;e Con&s;ultations. <HI>III.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him avoid Contention in them. <HI>IV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>They mu&s;t be held far from the Patient, and from tho&s;e about him. <HI>V.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t get an exact Confe&s;&s;ion from his Patient. <HI>VI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not give them over, who are pa&s;t hope. <HI>VII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him be cautious in pre&s;aging Recovery or Death. <HI>VIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We mu&s;t have regard to a Mans former way of living, and to his Idio&s;yncra&s;y. <HI>IX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him remove his Patients out of one Air into another. <HI>X.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not tell, what his Medicins are. <HI>XI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the Cure of Ru&s;ticks we mu&s;t not in&s;i&s;t too much on Method. <HI>XII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not for fear of blame forbear the giving of generous Medicins, and in the mean time let him ob&s;erve the Patients Errors diligently. <HI>XIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not change his Medicins, without a ne|ce&s;&s;ity. <HI>XIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When he can cure with Simples, let him ab&s;tain from Compounds. <HI>XV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not give Phy&s;ick without a nece&s;&s;ity. <HI>XVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t &s;ometimes re&s;t a while. <HI>XVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t prevent a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> by help of Medicins. <HI>XVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes he mu&s;t do the Office of a Surgeon. <HI>XIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes of an Apothecary. <HI>XX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not pre&s;cribe two Medicins at once. <HI>XXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not de&s;pi&s;e ordinary things. <HI>XXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Nor Chymical Medicins. <HI>XXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not heap up a great medly of Medicins. <HI>XXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not repo&s;e much confidence in Medicins of occult qualities. <HI>XXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Neither ob&s;olete, nor dubious, nor new things mu&s;t be pre&s;cribed. <HI>XXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not mix Contraries. <HI>XXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t endeavour to di&s;cover tho&s;e that counter|feit
<PB N="854" REF="393"> a Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And them that put one Di&s;ea&s;e for another. <HI>XXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What he mu&s;t do to them that lie terpid in Bed? <HI>XXX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>What he mu&s;t do, when fir&s;t called to a Patient? <HI>XXXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not vi&s;it the Sick un&s;ent for. <HI>XXXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>His Vi&s;its mu&s;t not be too frequent nor too rare. <HI>XXXIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him comfort them that bear the Di&s;ea&s;e impa|tiently. <HI>XXXIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him inform his Patient, that he may have him obedient. <HI>XXXV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Concerning what, Patients mu&s;t be interrogated. <HI>XXXVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t make it his bu&s;ine&s;s to know every Mans particular Nature. <HI>XXXVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t examine and ask many Que&s;tions, that he may come to the knowledge of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>XXXVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t have a care that &s;imilitudes do not de|ceive him. <HI>XXXIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether he ought to tell the event of the Di&s;ea&s;e to the Patient, when he de&s;ires to know it? <HI>XL.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not always &s;everely deny, what the Pa|tient earne&s;tly de&s;ires. <HI>XLI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whether we may cure one Di&s;ea&s;e with another? <HI>XLII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He may get him&s;elf credit by procuring &s;leep to his Patients. <HI>XLIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not be ra&s;h in giving his Judgment what the I&s;&s;ue will be. <HI>XLIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him not harangue upon Di&s;ea&s;es before the Vulgar. <HI>XLV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>One Sowes and another Reaps. <HI>XLVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him know the cure of Di&s;ea&s;es by Tran&s;planta|tion. <HI>XLVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Travelling, to know Medicins, is nece&s;&s;ary. <HI>XLVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not undertake the Cure of many Patients at once. <HI>XLIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Let him confe&s;s his Errors. <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes he mu&s;t be an imitater of Empiricks. <HI>LI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes he mu&s;t depart from the general Me|thod. <HI>LII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t be skilled in the Oeconomy about a &s;ick Per&s;on. <HI>LIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Where he mu&s;t take his leave of the Patient? <HI>LIV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How he mu&s;t regard the Stars? <HI>LV.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t have a care of the Climacterical years. <HI>LVI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He mu&s;t not tru&s;t to &V;niver&s;al Medicins. <HI>LVII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If the u&s;e of Remedies be nece&s;&s;ary, and the Pa|tient or By-&s;tanders be again&s;t it, let him fore|tell the danger of omi&s;&s;ion. <HI>LVIII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Oft times the cure of Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be committed to Nature. <HI>LIX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In ob&s;cure Di&s;ea&s;es he mu&s;t take e&s;pecial notice of what does good, and what does harm. <HI>LX.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sometimes an Empirical Phy&s;ician is to be pre|ferred hefore a Theorical one. <HI>LXI.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When Experience, and when Rea&s;on is more ne|ce&s;&s;ary. <HI>LXII.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How he ought to reckon the critical days? <HI>LXIII.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">I. SOme Phy&s;icians have indeed got them&s;elves Authority and E&s;teem from a popular Opinion, but from no Merit of their own. <HI>Plato</HI> makes &s;uch to be far different from in|genuous, Liberal, and Noble Phy&s;icians, of the true race of <HI>A&s; lepius. Hippocrates, l. de Praecept.</HI> &s;hews the cau&s;e of their Reputation, which, he &s;ays, mu&s;t be a&s;cribed to &s;ome wealthy and powerful, but &s;tupid and igno|rant Men, who having been cured by them of &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e at hap-hazzard, do cry them up: or to &s;ome Covetous rich Men, who in &s;tead of giving Fee, u&s;e to extol unlearned Phy&s;icians with fal&s;e Commenda|tions. Or they have got a Name, becau&s;e they have cured Di&s;ea&s;es, that were either difficult indeed, but acute and &s;alubrious, which though they be conquered by the goodne&s;s of Nature, yet the Cure is a&s;cribed to &s;ome &s;light Medicin or other; or they are Chronical, and in the declen&s;ion. And happy is the Phy&s;ician, that is called in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e: for he wins the day without &s;triking a &s;troke, and reaps the advantage of another Man's Victory.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwingerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="2">II. Let him not imitate villanous Phy&s;i|cians, who by Deceit and Cheat endeavour to get them&s;elves a Name, which they can|not get by their De&s;ert. While he prai&s;es his own Pains, Diligence, and Succe&s;s, and cea&s;es not to reprehend and accu&s;e others Cures as bad and un&s;ucce&s;sful. Or he un|dertakes not any Di&s;ea&s;e but only <GAP DESC="foreign"> or a <HI>Noi&s;y one.</HI> For what meaneth <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> his <GAP DESC="foreign">; &s;ignifies <HI>to prate</HI> or make a Noi&s;e: Therefore the Di&s;ea&s;e is <GAP DESC="foreign"> or <HI>Noi&s;y</HI> both in re&s;pect of the Patient and of the Phy&s;ician; Every Di&s;ea&s;e of a Great or Wealthy Man is <GAP DESC="foreign">, becau&s;e though never &s;o &s;light, yet the Di&s;ea&s;e &s;eems dangerous becau&s;e of the Ho|nour and Power of the Patient; e&s;pecially, when, as he &s;aid before, villanous Phy&s;icians are extolled for &s;ome ea&s;ie Cures, but which they have di&s;&s;embled both by word and deed to have been very difficult, &s;o that by the craft of the Phy&s;ician every Di&s;ea&s;e &s;hall make a great Noi&s;e, which he hath in words &s;et out to be dangerous. Therefore <HI>Cel&s;us, lib.</HI> 11. <HI>c.</HI> 9. &s;ays, that it is Jack Pudding's part to extol a &s;mall thing, that he may be thought to have done &s;omething great. And by &s;uch report they intrench them&s;elves, as in a Fort, that if any thing unexpected &s;hould happen, it may not be a&s;cribed to their want of Skill, but to the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="3">III. There is no part of a Phy&s;ician's Of|fice more illu&s;trious than Con&s;ultation, be|cau&s;e by it alone unlearned Phy&s;icians are known from the Learned, who practi&s;e Phy|&s;ick like as the Learned, and impo&s;e on the rude multitude: And there is nothing that brings greater advantage to the Sick.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="4">IV. Di&s;cord among the Con&s;ulters is to be condemned, becau&s;e the &s;tifne&s;s of private hatred prompts them to a common mi&s;chief, and oftentimes ruines their Patients health. We mu&s;t indeed &s;ometimes oppo&s;e other Mens
<PB N="855" REF="393"> Opinions, if they appear not to be &s;alutary; but it mu&s;t be according to the Laws of Rea&s;on and Experience: and we mu&s;t with candor always acquie&s;ce in their Advice, who excel in Judgment, Experience, Rea&s;on, and Plurality.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ranchinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="5">V. Phy&s;icians mu&s;t hold their Con&s;ultati|ons apart from their Patients, to the end every Man may more freely &s;peak his fears or his hopes; For fear is not ea&s;ily removed out of a Patients Head, when he is once po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ed with it: And apart from the People, admitting one Auditor, or at mo&s;t but two, who may take care of the Sick; For the Vulgar, or he that is ignorant of the Art, ever has &s;omething to add, or to abate, or to condemn in the Coun&s;els of Phy&s;icians, and he finds fault with all things, if as much heed is not given to his impertinencies, as to the wi&s;e&s;t Phy&s;ician; and &s;o much the more, if the Remedies re&s;olved on do not cure the Di&s;ea&s;e. Be&s;ides, if any one of the Phy&s;i|cians have a &s;park of vain-glory in him, he will be exalted and &s;awcy, when he has a Crowd about him, altering tho&s;e things which another has propounded before, and extolling what he &s;hall propound, yielding not the lea&s;t to Rea&s;on, but lo&s;es the time in prolix trifles. In the mean time the poor Patient &s;uffers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE> who is in no fault.</P>
<P N="6">VI. A faithful and true account of the Di&s;|ea&s;es, their Cau&s;es and Symptoms wherewith they are troubled, mu&s;t e&s;pecially be required of the Patients. For many (as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> &s;ays) die through their own fault, e&s;pecially Wo|men, while their Mode&s;ty will not allow them to reveal the &s;ecret Di&s;ea&s;es of their Bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ranchinus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="7">VII. The &s;trength of Nature, which rules in our Bodies is admirable, not altogether con&s;picuous to Human Ingeny, for oftentimes, when to us &s;he &s;eems oppre&s;&s;ed by the Di&s;ea&s;e, and knockt down dead, &s;o that &s;he is unable to defend her &s;elf any further, what &s;uccour &s;oever you bring her; yet &s;he often, by &s;ome occult faculty, takes heart again, rallies a|gain&s;t the Triumphant Enemy, and in a fre&s;h Combat often comes off Conqueror. Now &s;ince it is &s;o, and &s;ince oftentimes &s;uch un|expected Events have convinced us, that as long as there is Life, there may be hopes, we ought not to de&s;pair. Be&s;ides, <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> him&s;elf acknowledges that predictions of Life and Death are not always &s;o certain: therefore we mu&s;t not utterly deny a Patient all Remedy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dietericus.</NOTE> how de&s;perate &s;oever his ca&s;e is. &para; To deny the taking tho&s;e in hand, in whom there is no hope of recovery, is not in all ca&s;es to wave the name of a bad Phy&s;ician, yea &s;ometimes it gets a Man the di&s;grace of impiety, e&s;pecially if Parents, or Kindred de&s;ire it. For it is a Pious thing, (not o|mitting the Progno&s;tick) though death, or &s;ome incurable Di&s;ea&s;e be upon a Man, while the Patient has his Under&s;tanding entire, to comfort him, put him in hopes, and, as much as may be,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE> to a&s;&s;wage his Di&s;ea&s;e by Reme|dies.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Let a Phy&s;ician be doubtful in his Progno&s;tick, unle&s;s there be mo&s;t certain and infallible &s;igns of death: Let him be mode|rate in his promi&s;es: Yet let him always give hopes rather of Health, than foretel certain Death: For when the Patient is given over by the Phy&s;ician, if he do recover afterwards (as he often does) either by chance or Nature, the Phy&s;ician incurs Infamy. But if he give hopes of Health, and Death does follow, the Di&s;grace is not &s;o great; becau&s;e many things might happen, Errors, Exce&s;&s;es, and &s;ome new Di&s;ea&s;es, and the change from Health to Death is ea&s;ier than from Death to Health, which by the cour&s;e of Nature is impo&s;&s;ible.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro,</NOTE></P>
<P N="9">IX. In &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es great regard mu&s;t be had to Mens way of living, otherwi&s;e they will hardly be cured, and &s;o many good and admirable Cures have been performed. A certain Clean&s;er of Jakes, when he had been u&s;ed to good Scents a while, fell &s;ick, and when no Man could cure him, he recovered by &s;melling to his old Scents. I knew a Phy|&s;ician, that cured a Country Fellow, whom the Phy&s;icians had given over, by pre&s;cribing him a Country way of living, as Pul&s;e, Rye-Bread, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And I have ob&s;erved, that the Region where we live makes &s;trong Impre&s;&s;i|ons on us, which ought to be regarded; for as we are at Sea inclined to Vomit, which cea&s;es as &s;oon as we get on Land again: &s;o I knew one that lived on the Sea, who was as much troubled with Vomiting on Hor&s;eback, as we are at Sea. &para; I knew a &s;tout Soldier,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE> one that had undergone the hard&s;hips of War, who being taken with an acute Fever, could not &s;leep for &s;everal nights. He earne&s;t|ly be&s;ought, that he might lie upon Straw, and then he &s;hould ea&s;ily &s;leep: His Wife intimates to me her Husbands de&s;ire: I gave my con|&s;ent, and ordered Straw to be laid on the Ground; on which he was no &s;ooner laid, but he fell fa&s;t a&s;leep, and recovered in a few days.</P>
<P N="10">X. It is <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> his Judgment, <HI>l.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 3. that it is not very &s;afe to go out of a whole|&s;om Air into an unwhole&s;om, nor out of an unwhol&s;om into a whole&s;om Air. And this is in a &s;tate of Health. For in Di&s;ea&s;es he tells you in another place, <HI>l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1. that that Air is wor&s;t for a &s;ick Man which made him &s;ick. In a Pe&s;tilence, which rages through the Infection of the Place and the People, Change of Air is good. <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ent Con&s;umptive Per&s;ons to <HI>Tabiae; Pliny</HI> &s;ent them to the Woods. It has done &s;everal among us good in Quartane Agues. Only we mu&s;t have a care the Alteration be not &s;udden. Therefore in <HI>Italy</HI> they take a very good cour&s;e in their Ho&s;pitals, they turn tho&s;e that are upon recovery into a &s;pacious Room, e&s;pecially at <HI>Naples,</HI> that by degrees they may be u&s;ed to the Air, before they go abroad. If the place cannot be changed, yet &s;ome alteration in the Air at lea&s;t mu&s;t be pro|cured, which mu&s;t be open, tempered and corrected with fragrant and Alexipharmack Scents and Fumes, le&s;t the enclo&s;ed Malignity, and Infection of the Sick might prove inju|rious to the Patient, and to them that are by. We mu&s;t take great care in every Di&s;ea&s;e,
<PB N="856" REF="394"> that we be not too &s;uper&s;titious in &s;hutting the Windows, and &s;o infect and kill tho&s;e Patients, who otherwi&s;e might have been &s;aved.<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barthol.</NOTE></P>
<P N="11">XI. Let neither the Phy&s;ician nor the Apo|thecary declare what their Medicins are, either to the Patient or to them that are by; but let them only &s;ignifie that they intend to give a Purge, a Vomit, or a Cly&s;ter, and conceal what the&s;e are made of: Both becau&s;e other|wi&s;e they may be improperly taken without the advice of a Phy&s;ician; and becau&s;e, when things are known, they are contemned, either for that they are ordinary and com|mon things; or for that &s;ome Fool in the Profe&s;&s;ion has condemned them; or for that they are cheap. So <HI>Galen</HI> reports of a cer|tain Rich Man, who &s;lighted good Medicins, becau&s;e they were &s;old cheap.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="12">XII. According to the Vulgar Proverb, A de&s;perate Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t have a de&s;perate Cure: So likewi&s;e to unskilful and Ru&s;tick Per&s;ons, who de&s;pi&s;e all Method, and hate a multitude of Medicins, &s;uch Medicins mu&s;t be given as re|move the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or the greate&s;t part of it, as much as may be. Otherwi&s;e, unle&s;s all &s;ucceed according to their de&s;ire, they run to Quacks and Wizards, and give far more heed to their Saws, than to the be&s;t Advice any Phy&s;ician can give them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gabelchov.</NOTE></P>
<P N="13">XIII. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> bids us ob&s;erve all the Pa|tients Errors, whether about Meat and Drink, or about Medicins, or External things: For if through their own faults they grow wor&s;e, the blame is laid on the Phy&s;ician; if it hap|pen when any thing has been done towards a Cure, and e&s;pecially if he have given any in|grateful Potions, or a Purge. For the&s;e things are u&s;ually lookt on as things of great efficacy. And if after the taking the &s;aid things any ill happen, the taking is blamed, though the fault truly lies in the Patient: And in our days this is frequent. Now many Phy|&s;icians, to avoid this reproach, more valuing their own Reputation than their Patients good, give &s;ome in&s;ignificant Medicin, or pre&s;cribe that which is not worth &s;peaking of: for if they Bleed, they exceed not three or four ounces; if they give a Purge, they ex|ceed not <HI>Manna,</HI> Syrup of Ro&s;es, or &s;uch things, and they give generally too &s;mall a Do&s;e. By which method indeed the&s;e Phy&s;i|cians have a care of their own &s;elves, and often endanger their Patients Lives. Nei|ther <HI>Hippocrates</HI> nor Chri&s;tian Religion puts any Man on this. But they both tell us, that when generous Medicins are given, the Errors of the Sick &s;hould carefully be ob|&s;erved.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martianus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="14">XIV. Frequent changing of Medicins ar|gues either ignorance or diffidence in the Phy|&s;ician. This may be under&s;tood in a two-fold &s;en&s;e, either as to Method, or as to Me|dicins. The fir&s;t argues precipitance, and that the Phy&s;ician is out of the way, becau&s;e he knows not which the way is. But that of the Comedian &s;uits not with the Phy&s;ician, <HI>Quid &s;i &s;ic tentem, &s;i hac non &s;uccedit, alia ten|tanda e&s;t via, What if I go &s;o to work, if this way &s;ucceed not, I mu&s;t go try another.</HI> Nor are we always tied up to the &s;elf &s;ame things: for &s;o the Phy&s;ician may pre&s;cribe much, and the Patient take little. But the changing of Medicins, to one and the &s;ame end, is both lawful, and argues a Man abounds both in things and words. For as it is a reproach to a Phy&s;ician always to give the &s;ame thing, as if he knew nothing further, and had &s;pent his whole &s;tock, though mean enough, where|upon the Patients run to Empiricks; &s;o every hour to change a Mans mind and his Medicins is equally a di&s;grace: for he that is every where is no where.</P>
<P N="15">XV. We mu&s;t always endeavour in the compo&s;ition of Medicins to avoid a nau&s;eous Treacle-Mixture of divers Simples, which is not nece&s;&s;ary; It is u&s;ele&s;s, uncertain, dan|gerous and chargeable. Nature, who is content with a little, delights in Simples, and a Di&s;ea&s;e will &s;ooner be cured by one pro|per &s;imple Herb than by the&s;e prodigious Compo&s;itions. GOD, &s;ays <HI>Helmont, in Pharm. ac Di&s;pen&s;. mod. &s;ect.</HI> 5. out of the Providence of his Eternal Goodne&s;s and Wi&s;|dom has abundantly provided for future ne|ce&s;&s;ities: HE made and endowed Simples to an&s;wer all Occa&s;ions: And by how many more the Compounds in a Medicin are, &s;o le&s;s certain will the Compounder find the effect of them to be. Therefore <HI>Zwelferus, in appendice ad Animadv.</HI> advi&s;es well, To be content with &s;implicity in the matter of Me|dicin; and to forbear a needle&s;s trouble in ama&s;&s;ing &s;o many divers things together; But to practi&s;e with one &s;imple, for what GOD has appointed it, or but with a few, as poor Country People do, to whom the Chief Phy&s;ician out of his meer Mercy has revealed mo&s;t whole&s;om Medicins, with which they do great things in great Di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;ometimes to the &s;hame of Phy&s;icians. Hence it was, that the mo&s;t Learned Phy&s;i|cians of old, <HI>Hippocrates, Galen,</HI> and others &s;eldom u&s;ed the more opero&s;e Compo&s;itions; but by only one Simple, or by two or three joined together they did wonders.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. We mu&s;t not u&s;e Medicins, but upon urgent nece&s;&s;ity; So <HI>Hippocrates, l. de vict. Acut.</HI> will not give &s;o much as a Suppo&s;itory, unle&s;s the Body be very Co&s;tive: For Medical Helps do but create a trouble to Nature, when there is not a nece&s;&s;ity for them.</P>
<P N="17">XVII. In curing of Di&s;ea&s;es, and in pre&s;er|vation of Health we mu&s;t not be always u&s;ing Remedies, but &s;ometimes re&s;t a while, that is, do nothing but order a good Diet. Thus we mu&s;t do in the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> and after a perfect one, and in the &s;tate of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>Aph.</HI> 8. <HI>&amp;</HI> 20. <HI>Sect.</HI> 1. Phy&s;icians, &s;ays <HI>Livy,</HI> &s;ome|times do more good by doing nothing, than by moving and acting.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dietericus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Whether a Phy&s;ician can promote Coction of Humours, and &s;o prevent a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> or the &s;tated &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e, is a Que&s;tion. In this place it is not my Intention to reject a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> and to deny all manner of endeavour to Nature in Di&s;ea&s;es, as a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> is merely the genuine work of Nature, or as
<PB N="857" REF="394"> <HI>Valle&s;ius,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 5. expre&s;&s;es it, An extin|ction of the Di&s;ea&s;e at once with perturba|tion and evacuation. But I intend only to reprimand &s;ome Practitioners, who to the great dammage of the Sick, with a filthy lo&s;s of time, do as unhappily as frivolou&s;ly connive by their delays and their &s;ugared Medicins, feeding the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;o that it in|crea&s;es. Whereas when Di&s;ea&s;es are begin|ning, if any thing be to be done, we mu&s;t do it. And &s;o it lies upon the Phy&s;ician to cure Di&s;ea&s;es before a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> and without one. Nature makes not a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> except when &s;he bears the whole Burthen, on &s;et days. There|fore a true Phy&s;ician, &s;ays <HI>Helmont, l. de Febr. c.</HI> 2. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 18. mu&s;t conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e before a <HI>Cri&s;is:</HI> If he do otherwi&s;e, nothing at all can be a&s;cribed to Medicin. For if a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> as the Excellent <HI>Langius in Mi&s;cellan. Quae&s;t.</HI> 4. argues, mu&s;t be expected in the cure of Di&s;ea&s;es, Phy&s;ick indeed will be need|le&s;s, becau&s;e thus the whole bu&s;ine&s;s of the Cure is committed to Nature only, and not to Art or to an Art's Ma&s;ter. Nor does it hinder that there are in our Countries many Solutions of Di&s;ea&s;es, and very few <HI>Cri&s;es;</HI> for even the&s;e &s;olutions of Di&s;ea&s;es are made by precipitation and total expurgation of the Morbifick Matter, as of an Exotick Ferment, out of the Ma&s;s of Blood, whether this be done manife&s;tly or ob&s;curely. Therefore if the Phy&s;ician ha&s;ten this Cure immediately at the beginning, and leave not the whole bu&s;i|ne&s;s to lie on Nature's &s;houlders, he will quickly put an end to the Di&s;ea&s;e. So it is far better to nip a Di&s;ea&s;e in the bud, than to tarry for a full Harve&s;t: For Example, In burning, Malignant Fevers, what do you think mu&s;t a Phy&s;ician do in the beginning or increa&s;e? Mu&s;t he commit the bu&s;ine&s;s to Nature, only cooling the Stomach a little with Emul&s;ions and Juleps? Or mu&s;t he not rather oppo&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e with a skilful dex|terity and contend again&s;t it by Specificks, Febri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uges, and Alexipharmacks, (which precipitate the febrile and poy&s;onous Matter) Diaphoreticks, and Diureticks? And when he does this, does he not conquer the Di&s;|ea&s;e before the <HI>Cri&s;is?</HI> For as long as the Fermentation of the Ma&s;s of Blood la&s;ts, there is Crudity, and when the Fermenta|tion is gone,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofman.</NOTE> Coction comes.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. It is not unbecoming a Phy&s;ician, who is skilled in the Manual Operation, to breath a Vein, when there is no Surgeon to do it, or if in his pre&s;ence the Surgeon mi&s;take; Or if he &s;et a Limb that is broken or out of Joint. For a Surgeons work is one of the three parts of Medicin, from which <HI>Galen</HI> only ab&s;tained, when he &s;aw it in the hands of Empiricks and the Vulgar.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="20">XX. He that &s;hews the way of u&s;ing Me|dicins, and making them up aright, mu&s;t be reckoned a knowing and excellent Arti&s;t. But he that makes up Medicins only for gain, is not a Phy&s;ician but a Servant. Now he that makes Medicins not only for this end, but al&s;o for others, is not a Servant, nor an Apothecary, but a true Ma&s;ter Workman. When a Mans Life lies at &s;take, we may not indeed commit the making up of Medicins to every body: for &s;ome Apothecaries are very ignorant, and make very dangerous Medi|cins: And many more die of them, than by the violence of Di&s;ea&s;es, or negligence of Phy&s;icians.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Augenius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="21">XXI. Let him never pre&s;cribe two Medi|cins at once, and leave the Patient to his choice: Becau&s;e then he is at a lo&s;s and can tru&s;t neither of them; but blames his Phy|&s;ician for Incon&s;tancy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A. Ca&s;tro.</NOTE></P>
<P N="22">XXII. A Phy&s;ician ought not always to con|temn the Medicins of the common People: <GAP DESC="foreign">, <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> gives in charge among other nece&s;&s;ary things to Phy&s;icians. <HI>Hoeferus</HI> in his <HI>Hercules, p. m.</HI> 77. has rendred it elegantly; Let no Man, &s;ays he, be a&s;hamed, if he be never &s;o learned, to learn &s;omething, that conduces to the perfection and ornament of his Art, whether it come from an old Woman of four|&s;core, or from a learned Man, &s;o it be not &s;uper&s;titious.</P>
<P N="23">XXIII. Whereas the Writings of Phy&s;ici|ans of old, as al&s;o of the Modern, who fol|low their Dictates, do te&s;tify that mo&s;t of them were very little, if at all conver&s;ant in Chymi&s;try, without which no Man can ever comprehend the nature and hidden virtues of Minerals. It is to be lamented, that with this gro&s;s Ignorance in many there &s;hould be joined &s;o great Arrogance and Pride, yea, Madne&s;s, that &s;ome have not been a&s;hamed to declare in Writing, that like Cattle they will go the way they are going in, not the way they &s;hould go; and that they had ra|ther err with the Ancients, than be in the right with the Moderns, e&s;pecially with the skilful in Chymi&s;try, and by their guidance cure more &s;ucce&s;sfully: A &s;aying and Opinion certainly unbecoming a Man, more unbecom|ing a learned Man, and mo&s;t unbecoming a Chri&s;tian.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE></P>
<P N="24">XXIV. Concerning the heaping up of ma|ny Simples in the Compo&s;ition of Medicins, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve what <HI>M. de Gradibus, cap.</HI> 1. <HI>de Cephalaea</HI> tells us of <HI>Avicenna</HI>'s mind, That of various and many Simples, that are none of them Purgative, a Compo&s;ition may be made which is purgative; and on the con|trary: A convincing Argument, how that oftentimes from an incongruous confu&s;ion of Simples and the fermentation of the Medicin, a new form re&s;ults to &s;uch a Compo&s;ition, quite contrary to the Phy&s;icians Intention, and which is wor&s;e, to the Patients Health.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. I have &s;pent about forty years in curing of the Sick; and I got little or no help or credit from this &s;ort of occult pro|perties in curing of Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>Galen</HI> al&s;o, <HI>l. de ren. pa&s;&s;.</HI> &s;eems to be of the &s;ame Opi|nion, though at other times he is a great a&s;|&s;ertor of the &s;aid properties. <HI>He that will,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>be a famous Phy&s;ician, mu&s;t &s;eldom u&s;e Medicins, which help the Sick by an occult Qua|lity.</HI> Truly he could not well &s;hew more clearly, how little he tru&s;ted to them, and that he u&s;ed them not, but when the ca&s;e was
<PB N="858" REF="395"> de&s;perate, becau&s;e of the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e; or when other Medicins which work by manife&s;t qualities, were not able to cure the Di&s;ea&s;e. I have often, upon <HI>Ga|len</HI>'s Authority, &s;een Pouder of Mans Skull given to Epilepticks: I have ordered Seed and Root of Poeony to be hung about the Neck, and yet not till I had fir&s;t purged or evacuated, and had ordered a proper Diet. But all proved ineffectual, and did no good that we could ob&s;erve. Sometimes al&s;o I had a mind to try, whether Wolf's Dung, tied to the Belly of one in the Colick, or drank, would do good, and a thou&s;and other things, which <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays do operate from a property of their whole Sub&s;tance; but they did no good. Therefore a certain Phy&s;i|cian in our time u&s;ed facetiou&s;ly to &s;ay in je&s;t, that &s;uch properties were de&s;ervedly called Occult, Becau&s;e, <HI>&s;ays he,</HI> it &s;eldom happens, that any one finds any effect or benefit from them. Nor are they unde&s;ervedly ridiculous in the Eye of grave Phy&s;icians, who, while they believe the&s;e old wives fables, do cheat the half dead Patients, and put them out of all hopes of recovery. And this Error, which ought much to be lamented, is not yet fully di&s;covered. For Phy&s;icians do &s;till ra&s;hly give Medicins of occult qualities, to the ruine of the Patients, out of a de&s;ire rather of vain o&s;tentation, than of benefit to the Sick, Becau&s;e, that they may be thought to know more than others, they do ami&s;s in giving an unu&s;ual thing, and of an unknown faculty, to them that are dying.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Puteanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="26">XXVI. Ob&s;olete Medicins mu&s;t not be pre|&s;cribed. Indeed for many Ages the prime of Medicin was comprehended in Receipts in the Shops, which they only and always u&s;ed, tru|&s;ting more to their Ma&s;ters than to them|&s;elves, whereby there was no Acce&s;&s;ion made to Phy&s;ick. Therefore many things are de|&s;ervedly grown ob&s;olete. This <HI>Augea</HI>'s Sta|ble mu&s;t be clean&s;ed. This holds good in mo&s;t Simples, &s;imple credulity and tran&s;crib|ing being expo&s;ed by Botani&s;ts to the publick. I dare &s;ay, not the hundredth <HI>Encomium</HI> has been confirmed by Experience. The ca&s;e is the &s;ame in unu&s;ual things, both old and new. Therefore as we mu&s;t not rai&s;e from the Grave, as it were, the opinions and &s;ecrets of Monks, and rely on them; &s;o we mu&s;t not boa&s;t of Singularities, &s;uch as the be&s;t Apothecaries Shops know not. Doubtful things are pre&s;cribed, as Opiates in a Pleu|ri&s;y in the beginning, &s;trong Purges or Vo|mits in Con&s;umptions, <HI>Trochi&s;ci de Auripig|mento</HI> for a Fume in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es, <HI>Electua|rium de Ar&s;enico</HI> in <HI>A&s;thma</HI>'s: So other things may fall under this denomination, Mercurials and Ar&s;enicals, and the generous Cures that we read of by them, mu&s;t either be under|&s;tood with grains of allowance, or mu&s;t not be ea&s;ily imitated. Things al&s;o that have never been tried, mu&s;t not ea&s;ily, nor with|out great rea&s;on be experimented in a Patient. Medicins may be &s;aid to be doubtful on a twofold account, either of the preparation: (Wherefore in well ordered Shops they write in what year, and how &s;uch and &s;uch Medi|dicins were made;) or of their Effect.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="27">XXVII. A Phy&s;ician mu&s;t not mix tho&s;e things which de&s;troy one another by manife&s;t contrariety. Two things in particular do give in&s;tances of this thing, in which not|with&s;tanding an error may ea&s;ily be commit|ted: For Example, Vitriolated things mu&s;t not be mixt with Nitrous ones, neither in a liquid nor in a &s;olid form. For, as in the fir&s;t ca&s;e there ari&s;es <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> &s;o in the later the &s;ame &s;mell ari&s;es: And this mu&s;t e&s;pecially be ob&s;erved in Compounds, that we mix not Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> with <HI>Nitrum Vitriolatum:</HI> for it is the &s;ame thing as if they were in another form. So aluminous things mu&s;t not be joined with Alkalies, a fault that may ea&s;ily be committed in Fever Pouders. We mu&s;t therefore have a care that when Magi|&s;tery of Alume is an Ingredient, we put not in Salt of Wormwood or any &s;uch thing.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="28">XXVIII. Some do counterfeit Di&s;ea&s;es, who&s;e deceit it belongs to a prudent Phy&s;i|cian to detect. Slaves counterfeit Sickne&s;s, that they may not do what is enjoined them by their Ma&s;ters; Pri&s;oners, to avoid or de|fer the bitterne&s;s of a Pri&s;on or Torture; Soldiers and Seamen, to avoid the danger of &s;ome Expedition or Voyage; Petti&s;h Wo|men, to make their Husbands love them.</P>
<P>In the year 1588. when the great Armado was fitting out at <HI>Lisbon</HI> again&s;t <HI>England,</HI> a Whore, who had inveigled &s;ome Men of Note, who had Wives, to her Bed, and was to be bani&s;hed for it, counterfeited a Mi&s;|carriage by &s;cattering a mixture of Milk and Blood all over her Bed, and &s;he de&s;ired a Te&s;timony of the thing; but could obtain none from me.</P>
<P><HI>Galen</HI> relates in a Book upon this &s;ubject, how one feigned him&s;elf in a Colick, whom he found out both by his way of living, which was not apt to breed a Colick, and by a cunning peculiar to him&s;elf.</P>
<P>Now the Di&s;ea&s;es that are counterfeited, are u&s;ually Swooning, Apoplexy, Fits of the Mother. Thus &s;ome ty their Arms &s;o &s;trait, that the Pul&s;e can &s;carce, if at all, be felt. When they are called on aloud, they do not an&s;wer: If they be prickt a little, or their Ears pulled, or their Fingers bent, they bear it patiently. The Cheat is di&s;covered by asking, whether any want of Food has pre|ceded, whether any lo&s;s of Blood, whether a Loo&s;ne&s;s, Vomiting, or immoderate Sweat|ing, or any Di&s;ea&s;e, or whether he has been in a hot place, or one of an ill quality, as if there be Coals half kindled in a clo&s;e Room; or if &s;ome pu&s;illanimous Man be put into &s;ome great pa&s;&s;ion. And le&s;t the Phy|&s;ician &s;hould be cheated by &s;ome fal&s;e Ser|vants, let him &s;ee that the Arms be not tied. But if the extream parts be cold, and if a cold Sweat bur&s;t out, e&s;pecially about the Head, Face, and Neck; if the Pul&s;e be in|&s;en&s;ible and formicating; if the Breathing be little and cold; if the colour in the Face be gone; if he void his Excrements; the&s;e things &s;ignify that the Di&s;ea&s;es are not feign|ed.
<PB N="859" REF="395"> But if there be no &s;uch &s;igns, that the Phy&s;ician may find out the Cheat more cer|tainly while the Cheater lies as if he were a&s;leep with his Eyes &s;hut, &s;o that he looks as if he were in a Swoon, he mu&s;t mention and make ready &s;ome &s;trong Medicins, he mu&s;t order Burning, bending of the Fingers, and pricking of the Body with Needles: For by the&s;e means you will find whether a Man is really &s;ick or counterfeits.</P>
<P>Some know how to rai&s;e Swellings, Bli&s;ters, and Ulcers, as by wa&s;hing the Skin with juice of Spurge, or with a decoction of Spani&s;h Flies or Wa&s;ps in Water: Or by applying &s;corching Fennel, or Turbith, or Pouder of Yew, which is u&s;ual with Beggars. The de|ceit is di&s;covered; becau&s;e Bli&s;ters and Swel|lings, cau&s;ed by Application, are ea&s;ily cured only by applying cooling things, as juice of Popler or <HI>&V;ngentum Populeon,</HI> to the &s;ore. It happens otherwi&s;e, if Swellings ari&s;e of them&s;elves, becau&s;e they do grow wor&s;e by Coolers. Cunning Women al&s;o u&s;e to pre|tend they are with Child; But it is known to be counterfeited, becau&s;e the Belly is lax and unequal. Some counterfeit Madne&s;s, whom you may know by their Habit, and want of &s;igns of Madne&s;s or Melancholy. By which way the <HI>Greeks</HI> by throwing <HI>Tele|machus</HI> the Son before the Plow, when <HI>&V;ly&s;&s;es</HI> the Father had pa&s;&s;ed him by and lifted the Plow over him, they knew thereby he was not Mad. Some with the Steem of Brim&s;tone or with &s;ome &s;uch thing di&s;colour their Face. Saffron or Rheubarb tinges the Urine; they wa&s;h with this, and &s;o counterfeit a Jaundice: But when the Face is wa&s;hed, and more of their Water is looked on, the deceit is di&s;|covered.</P>
<P>But whoever do counterfeit Pain, may ea|&s;ily be catched at their fiction, becau&s;e they bear it better. For they that are in mi&s;ery indeed, being di&s;turbed by the violence of the Pain, do put them&s;elves fir&s;t in one po|&s;ture, then in another, which they that coun|terfeit do not ob&s;erve. Be&s;ides, they that are very ill of a Di&s;ea&s;e are willing to admit of any Remedy, voluntarily &s;end for Phy&s;icians, and do whatever they pre&s;cribe. But if they be but a little or not at all &s;ick, they refu&s;e &s;uch Remedies. Therefore the Phy&s;ician would do well to add this, that &s;uch things do no good but only to &s;uch as are very ill. Sometimes al&s;o it happens, that a wounded Man, either out of hatred of him that wounded him, or to get &s;ome Money out of him, feigns that &s;ome Limb is hurt. You mu&s;t touch the Hand or that Limb unawares; or apply a Pla&s;ter with promi&s;e of certain hopes of a Cure. Thus many u&s;e to impo&s;e on ordinary Phy&s;icians, to their di&s;credit. Some that have been condemned to the Gal|lies, have counterfeited hurts in their Arms, and &s;ome unwary Surgeons have confirmed the &s;ame, for which they have been &s;ued af|terwards;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro.</NOTE> becau&s;e the contrary plainly ap|peared.</P>
<P>In the year 1664. I was called to <HI>Couvetum</HI> a Village of <HI>Vallis Tran&s;ver&s;a</HI> about &s;even hours di&s;tance from <HI>Newenburgh</HI> in <HI>Switzerland;</HI> it was to a Woman, who was &s;truck on the Arm with a Staff, or rather a &s;mall Rod by a Neighbour of hers an Hone&s;t Man, who had been often provoked by her ill Tongue She took the injury &s;o heinou&s;ly, that, becau&s;e &s;he could not be revenged, &s;he took her Bed, de|&s;igning to &s;tarve her &s;elf to death, to the end that he being guilty of her Murther, might &s;uffer death for it. She had been three days without Meat, and could put her &s;elf into Fits when &s;he plea&s;ed. He doubting her &s;afety called me. I found the old Woman in her Bed, lying in an Hy&s;terick Fit, pale becau&s;e of her fa&s;ting, but of a con&s;tant and or|derly Pul&s;e. There was no mark of any blow upon the Arm that was &s;truck, nor any &s;welling. I held Matches of Brim&s;tone to her No&s;e, the &s;team whereof &s;he bore patiently: then I &s;uffered the end of her No&s;trils to be &s;inged with the Flame. She being de&s;irous to know who it was that u&s;ed her &s;o, opened her Eye-lids a little, and &s;hewed the Whites of her Eyes, and &s;hut them again immediate|ly. I bid the Surgeon with a loud Voice to heat the Fire-fork red hot, and apply it &s;o to the Soles of her Feet. She being &s;cared with the Fire awoke with a little yawning and &s;tretching, and then &s;he asked me, why I would be &s;o injurious to an innocent per&s;on? I told her I u&s;ed things to bring to life again, &s;uch as were &s;o dead. It made good &s;port, and joyed the Aggre&s;&s;or not a little, who ha|ving received a Te&s;timony of me of the wick|edne&s;s of the Woman, di&s;mi&s;&s;ed me, and waited on me to the City.</P>
<P N="29">XXIX. Many take wrong Advice of Phy|&s;icians, counterfeiting the Headach, Burning in the Night, or &s;ome &s;uch thing, when there is no &s;uch thing, but Ulcers in their Privities, which they are fooli&s;hly afraid to confe&s;s, de|&s;iring only to get a Purge or Bleeding from the Phy&s;ician, hoping by that Remedy alone to obtain health, without taking care of the part affected. But within one Month or two mo&s;t of them find, they have not &s;o much de|ceived their Phy&s;icians, as cheated them|&s;elves. Some burn with Lu&s;t; Others with Anger; Secret Fear grieves &s;ome; A &s;ilent Care others: All which things are the foun|tains and cau&s;es of Di&s;ea&s;es, unknown to a Phy&s;ician unle&s;s they be told him; which if the Patient may not di&s;cover, it is not fitting in the lea&s;t to di&s;&s;emble his grief of Mind in ge|neral: For the Phy&s;ician perhaps will ab&s;tain from many things, and prefer others, when he finds an afflicted mind, which he would not do, were he to contend only with what of the Di&s;ea&s;e he finds apparent. I had a Patient under cure once, who complained of a violent pain in his Brea&s;t, and a Fever; yet no Fever appeared; the di&s;covery of the Pain depended on the Relation of the Pa|tient: He complained con&s;tantly, &s;ighed, and had no &s;leep: He continued four days in this anxiety: About two of the Clock in the Afternoon of the fourth day, a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> of his &s;ecret Di&s;ea&s;e did unexpectedly break out in my pre&s;ence, which cured the Man: For a
<PB N="860" REF="396"> Servant of the Patients came in from <HI>Lions,</HI> who told him he had got the Cau&s;e in a Suit at Law, which the Patient expected with Im|patience. Behold, <HI>&s;ays he,</HI> the cure of my Di&s;ea&s;e, now I find my &s;elf well: for this doubtful Expectation to&s;&s;ed my mind every way. And &s;o he had no need of a Phy&s;ician afterwards.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Botallus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="30">XXX. <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 7. bids, <HI>When there is need, rai&s;e the Timorous from their Beds, and by change excite the Torpid to &s;uch things as they act &s;lowly.</HI> Which Rule though it &s;eem but &s;light, is &s;ometimes of great moment, that the Faculties may not grow torpid, and the Patients be much weakened: for &s;ome Di&s;|ea&s;es are of a hard <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> the &s;olution where|of if you &s;hould expect before the Patient did ri&s;e, he would grow faint, the Faculties would forget their office, and he would die. And thus we mu&s;t often force the &s;ick to ri&s;e from their Bed, though not perfectly cured, <HI>and excite the Torpid to &s;uch things as they act &s;lowly;</HI> that is, we mu&s;t put them on doing things, though they be &s;low and dull, and do them but &s;lowly and lazily: For by degrees they will lay a&s;ide their idlene&s;s, their faculties will revive, and &s;o by degrees they will con|quer their Di&s;ea&s;es, which Di&s;ea&s;es would never have been conquered by them, while they lay in Bed, only thinking of their own Mi&s;ery. This Rule holds good in Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius, com. in loc.</NOTE> and in Relap&s;es after Acute ones. &para; I will give you an Example of the benefit of this Rule. <HI>Anno</HI> 1670. Mr. <HI>Theodore Ja|comote</HI> of <HI>Geneva,</HI> &s;eventy years old, was taken with a Di&s;ea&s;e, which confined him to his Bed for four Months: All the Functions both of his Body and Mind were brisk, if he could but have walked. His Wife being tired with the tediou&s;ne&s;s of it, &s;ent him in a Waggon into the Country. Within three days &s;trength returned to his Feet, and now, con&s;idering his years, he lives well in health. The jogging of the Waggon &s;haked off the Numbne&s;s from his Feet, and kindled the in|nate heat that was buried, the change of Air and place concurring with it.</P>
<P N="31">XXXI. When a Phy&s;ician is fir&s;t called to a Patient, after he has put the Patient in hopes of a Recovery, let him order &s;ome|thing be&s;ides Diet pre&s;ently, that he may not be thought to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick by Books: E|&s;pecially when he is called after other Phy&s;i|cians: For then all do expect &s;omething more than others have done before you. There|fore when you are informed what they have done before, betake your &s;elf to &s;ome other &s;ort of Remedy, yet &s;uch as you think is more effectual; le&s;t, if you &s;hould repeat the &s;ame things, they &s;hould think you were cal|led to no purpo&s;e. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be acute, you mu&s;t think of Bleeding, Purging, Cup|ping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If Chronical, of Bathing, Sweat|ing, u&s;e of Steel; or of Stupefiers, if Pains or Fluxions, or much want of Sleep do trou|ble a Man. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e be of &s;uch a &s;ort, as may be cured by Diet alone, when it is ordered, you mu&s;t pre&s;cribe &s;ome Phy|&s;ick, which may do no hurt; and which in &s;tead of Diet may be able to do much good; le&s;t they &s;hould call you ignorant, and main|tain that Nature cured the Di&s;ea&s;e; becau&s;e you knew not how to do it. And this mu&s;t be done e&s;pecially, when the Patient is one of them, who is always tampering in Phy|&s;ick. For &s;ome are &s;o &s;olicitous about their Health, that unle&s;s they take Phy&s;ick often, they think they &s;hall die. And the Vulgar do not attribute the Cure by Diet to the Phy|&s;ician, but to Nature or to the Cook, where|as the Prudence of a Phy&s;ician is in nothing more illu&s;trious. Nor yet do they plea&s;e me, who for lucre's &s;ake, are always pre&s;cribing &s;omething: For this ought to be a Rule, if the Sick can be cured as well without Medicins as with them, that we always ab&s;tain from them, e&s;pecially from &s;uch as may move or alter; both to &s;ave Charges, and that Nature may not be weakened; and finally, becau&s;e many things, when moved do harm, which unmoved would do none.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro&punc;</NOTE></P>
<P N="32">XXXII. A Phy&s;ician &s;hould not come near the Sick, unle&s;s he be &s;ent for. This Rule mu&s;t ever be ob&s;erved: For if he vi&s;its a Pa|tient unaskt, 1. He renders him&s;elf &s;u&s;pected either of Ambition or Covetou&s;ne&s;s: for Men attribute the Vi&s;it to one of the&s;e, not to good will. 2. You cannot be certain of the Confidence, which <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 2. <HI>Progno&s;tic.</HI> 3. &s;ays a Patient ought to have in his Phy|&s;ician. 3. The Patient is not obliged to Reward him, &s;ince his plea&s;ure does not ap|pear to the Phy&s;ician, whether he was willing to have this &s;ervice done him, by a Man, who has tacitly declared, that he is well &s;atisfied, if the Patient will accept of his vi&s;it. 4. The Patient was either his Acquaintance or not. If he was your Acquaintance and &s;ent not for you, he therefore did it, becau&s;e your Pains was not acceptable. If no Acquaintance, your vi&s;it is improper, for if any thing happen but well, you will not want &s;u&s;picion. 5. Your Vi&s;it perhaps will grieve the Patient, when he holds him&s;elf obliged to Fee you, though he did not call you: For &s;ome Patients are &s;o covetous and &s;ordid, that they neglect all the means of Phy&s;ick for fear of their Money.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="33">XXXIII. Vi&s;its to Patients mu&s;t not be too frequent nor too few. For too frequent vi|&s;iting, where the Di&s;ea&s;e is but gentle, does argue either want of skill in a Phy&s;ician, or Covetou&s;ne&s;s in extorting of Money. And too &s;pare vi&s;iting in great Di&s;ea&s;es does argue the &s;ame things and more than the frequency; namely either Covetou&s;ne&s;s, or ignorance of the greatne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or Idlene&s;s. But if there be none of the&s;e things in the ca&s;e, when we know that Mens Bodies and Di&s;ea&s;es &s;uffer various motions in one day, it may &s;o happen, that you may vi&s;it a Patient when he is at the be&s;t; or when he is at wor&s;t; or in a middle &s;tate: No one of the&s;e apart does indicate what we &s;hould do, or what we may expect: Therefore the Progno&s;tick is uncertain, and the Remedies al&s;o are uncer|tain. Tho&s;e that are by indeed may relate many things to the Phy&s;ician, but they may not mention many things, which would indi|cate
<PB N="861" REF="396"> &s;omething to a Phy&s;ician, for the Cure or Progno&s;tick. But then Phy&s;icians are to blame in this frequency of vi&s;its, when they are never idle about the Patient, but always pre&s;cribing &s;omething. Thus while they would be thought officious, they do much mi&s;chief.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Borellus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="34">XXXIV. It is the Phy&s;icians Office not only to u&s;e Remedies but al&s;o to remove all Impe|diments. And all Pa&s;&s;ions of the mind are great Impediments; but e&s;pecially the &s;ick Mans Impatience, who de&s;ires that the Cure may be ha&s;tened. The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t there|fore prevent this mi&s;chief by comforting and exhorting the Patient, to make no more ha&s;te than good &s;peed, and to wait Nature's time. This ra&s;h and impatient thinking in &s;ick Peo|ple hinders the Cure. For while they de|&s;pond becau&s;e of their &s;en&s;e of Pain, they make their Di&s;ea&s;e wor&s;e by their very timo|rou&s;ne&s;s, and when they could not be con|quered by the violence of the Di&s;ea&s;e, they are killed by their di&s;turbance of Mind. And here the encouragement of the Phy&s;ician does good, if he propo&s;e to the Patient that Na|ture is not changed but maintained by Art: and hence he will reap more benefit from his confidence, than dammage from his diffi|dence: for the more de&s;irous the Patient is to live, &s;o much more ea&s;ily will he be per|&s;uaded by the weake&s;t Arguments to obey the Rules of Art, and to hope for his Health in a little time. The Phy&s;ician moreover mu&s;t tell him, that Health, which he endeavours to introduce, is familiar to Nature; and there|fore, if he will but follow Advice, that it may be introduced without much difficulty: That he was not born with the Di&s;ea&s;e, and there|fore &s;ince it is not rooted in Nature, it may the more ea&s;ily be conquered.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwingerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="35">XXXV. <HI>Plato primo de Legibus</HI> &s;hews, that it is the duty of an ingenuous Phy&s;ician to in|&s;truct his Patient, and not to order him, what mu&s;t be done, till by informing he hath per|&s;uaded him, that it is expedient to be done. And though for this very rea&s;on Empiricks find fault with the Dogmati&s;ts (as 9. <HI>de li|gibus</HI>) becau&s;e a Man ought not to teach but cure his Patient. Yet they do not teach him to make him only more knowing, but upon another account, that when he does know, he may the more willingly obey. <HI>Ari|&s;totle</HI>'s &s;aying to a Phy&s;ician is memorable: For when the Phy&s;ician was ordering him what &s;hould be done, <HI>I will willingly obey you,</HI> &s;ays he, <HI>but it mu&s;t be in a Philo&s;ophical way, that is, if you make me not only believe, but demon|&s;tratively know,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE> <HI>that what you &s;ay is true.</HI></P>
<P N="36">XXXVI. There are ten principal things concerning which Patients &s;hould be inter|rogated, according to <HI>Hippocrates, l. de Affect.</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> 4. <HI>de &s;an. tuend. c.</HI> 4. 1. What it is that ails him, and how his Head and Sto|mach, and other principal parts do? 2. How many days he has been ill? 3. What made him ill? 4. What Diet he kept? 5. Whe|ther he be Loo&s;e or Co&s;tive? 6. Whether the Di&s;ea&s;e be Phlegmatick, or Cholerick, or both? 7. Whether the Di&s;ea&s;e be but be|ginning, or in the increa&s;e? 8. Whether he u&s;e naturally to breed bad Humours? 9. Whe|ther any Natural Evacuation be &s;topt? 10. Whether his Body be laborious or idle? All the&s;e Que&s;tions are &s;o nece&s;&s;ary to be asked by a Phy&s;ician, for the Patients Health, and for the exact Knowledge and Cure of Di&s;ea&s;es, that without asking of them a Man will &s;carce ever cure aright.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ferdinand.</NOTE></P>
<P N="37">XXXVII. Phy&s;icians mu&s;t know not only Men's Nature in general, but every Man's in particular, (the <HI>Greeks</HI> call it <GAP DESC="foreign">) and he that knows this, he may truly cure; for he is got into Nature's Clo&s;et.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tulpius.</NOTE> &para; But this can only be obtained by Experience and &s;in|gular Ob&s;ervation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE></P>
<P N="38">XXXVIII. And the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be ad|moni&s;hed of this one thing further, that when he ob&s;erves any thing &s;ingular in his Patients after eating this or the other Meat, that then he mu&s;t diligently &s;earch and enquire the true cau&s;es of that Symptom, to the end, that when they are as exactly enquired into, as is po&s;&s;ible, he may cure tho&s;e Ails with more ea&s;e and &s;ucce&s;s: For nothing recommends a Phy&s;ician to a Patient &s;o much, as the find|ing out of a hidden Cau&s;e, and the Artifi|cial Cure of it, which other Phy&s;icians could not arrive at. Now when Practioners meet with &s;tubborn Di&s;ea&s;es, and being taught only by Books, can find no Examples of them in Phy&s;ical Authors, nor have learned how to di&s;cover the cau&s;es of them, they are at a lo&s;s, and the Patient cannot be cured, till &s;ome are called that are well exerci&s;ed in the &s;earch of Arduous things, who may by their skill find them; and oftentimes they do not only &s;ucce&s;sfully, but ea&s;ily cure Patients, who were reckoned incurable; which, how much it mu&s;t conduce to get a Phy&s;ician Reputati|on, any one may imagine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="39">XXXIX. Empiricks and all the Vulgar u&s;e compari&s;on in Di&s;ea&s;es, and u&s;e the like Re|medies for Di&s;ea&s;es, which they think alike. This thing hugely plea&s;es the unskilful; for becau&s;e they know few differences of Di&s;ea&s;es, they think what are not manife&s;tly different, mu&s;t be altogether the &s;ame. But good Phy|&s;icians do not &s;o; for &s;imilitudes are much &s;u&s;pected by them, as they do ea&s;ily im|po&s;e and occa&s;ion doubting: And though at fir&s;t like Di&s;ea&s;es might be thought to be cured with like Remedies; yet they know, that many Di&s;ea&s;es, which are very like in appearance, require contrary Cures, becau&s;e they come from contrary Cau&s;es. The know|ledge therefore of the Cau&s;e produces the contrary, that is, takes away all mi&s;takes and doubtings; As if &s;everal Men be ill of the Colick, one by drinking of cold Water, another with Wind, another with Bile; an Empirick &s;eeing the &s;ame Di&s;ea&s;e, would u&s;e the &s;ame Cure to them all: But a Rational Phy&s;ician, who finds the Cau&s;es are contrary, will give contrary things. Therefore he pro|ceeds ill who only con&s;iders &s;imilitudes; but well, who finds out the Cau&s;e. The know|ledge of the Cau&s;e is &s;o u&s;eful, that often|times the ignorance of the Cau&s;e does more
<PB N="862" REF="397"> mi&s;chief, than the ignorance of the kind of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and of the place affected. For he is le&s;s able to undertake the Cure, who knows not whether the Colick comes from a hot or a cold Cau&s;e, than he that knows not whether it is the Stone or the Colick. And it is of more moment towards the cure of Fevers to know what kind the Humour is of which comes out, than the manner of its Fit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Therefore, to know the way or me|thod, wherein every Di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be cured, it is of great moment, it concerns a Man to begin with finding out the Cure. Now it is hard, by Ratiocination to know the ways, that is, to invent Methods, becau&s;e it is hard to find out, what the Di&s;ea&s;e is, what the cau&s;e, what the part affected, and what every Mans Nature and Cu&s;tom is, and all the&s;e have their particular Indications, or In&s;inua|tions what to do, which we mu&s;t con&s;ider &s;eparately, and then compare them one a|mong&s;t another, &s;ubtracting the contrary and le&s;s, from the contrary and greater, more or le&s;s, as every Indication is &s;tronger or weaker: From hence all Cure ari&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="40">XL. I make no que&s;tion, but a Phy&s;ician ought plainly to foretel the Patient of his Death, when he de&s;ires to know the Event of his Di&s;ea&s;e. For there are both Political and Theological Rea&s;ons, for which I think it good that the Patient &s;hould know the event of his Di&s;ea&s;e: And a Phy&s;ician has no rea|&s;on, to deceive his Patient, e&s;pecially when he is &s;incere,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sennertus.</NOTE> and willing to know the truth.</P>
<P N="41">XLI. Patients mu&s;t not always be &s;everely denied what Nature earne&s;tly craves. For we &s;ee that &s;everal do not recover of a Quar|tane, and of other Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, till their Appetite is gratified. A Woman had a Malignant Ulcer about her Throat, it put her to much trouble, to &s;wallow either Meat or Drink: Though &s;he was not with Child, &s;he longed for &s;everal things, as for Herrings, Fle&s;h and Fi&s;h &s;alted and dried in the Smoak, and other Meats hard of concoction, which though they were hard, &s;he &s;wallowed without any difficulty. Her Stomach loathed Emul|&s;ions of Almonds, Barly-Broth, and Fle&s;h-Broth, and &s;he would fa&s;t &s;ometimes for three days, till her vitious Appetite came to her. Moreover, though what &s;he craved was con|trary to her Di&s;ea&s;e, it did her no harm: And what &s;he loathed, though proper, it would make her reach and a little feveri&s;h.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="42">XLII. Seeing one Di&s;ea&s;e &s;ometimes fol|lows another as its Remedy, whether mu&s;t we expect it from Nature, or procure it by Art? <HI>Cel&s;us, lib.</HI> 5. <HI>c.</HI> 28. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4. intimates that by no means it &s;hould be procured, when he writes that a Fever coming upon a St. <HI>Antho|nies</HI> Fire for one day, was a fortuitous Me|dicin, which con&s;umed the Noxious Humour; In which thing he &s;eems to follow <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who di&s;cour&s;ing of this changing of Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;aid, <HI>lib.</HI> 1. <HI>de morbis,</HI> that &s;uch things came not by the skill or ignorance of the Phy&s;ician, but &s;pontaneou&s;ly, and by fortuitous &s;ucce&s;s. Yet becau&s;e Art imitates Nature, therefore what Nature does, that al&s;o ought to be done by the Phy&s;ician. From Her moving Sweat, purging by Stool or Haemorrhoids, and do|ing any &s;uch thing, while &s;he ob&s;erves a due <HI>Decorum,</HI> the Phy&s;ician learned to practi&s;e Phy&s;ick. Wherefore in this difficulty we mu&s;t &s;ay a Succe&s;&s;ion of Di&s;ea&s;es mu&s;t be procured by the Phy&s;ician, that the former Di&s;ea&s;e may be removed. Therefore <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> 6. <HI>Aph.</HI> 15. &s;ays, that a Vomit coming upon a long Loo&s;ne&s;s cures the Di&s;ea&s;e: Where <HI>Galen</HI> &s;ays, This is one Example of tho&s;e things that are well done by Nature, which the Phy&s;ician ought to imitate. But if it be &s;o, why does <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> call a Fever, which cures a St. <HI>Anthonies</HI> Fire, a fortuitous Medicin, and why does <HI>Hippocrates</HI> write, that &s;uch things are done with fortuitous &s;ucce&s;s? I an|&s;wer, It is, becau&s;e it is &s;o dangerous a thing to rai&s;e a Fever; For if it happen upon a Cacochymick Body, it is in danger of being Malignant: if in a pure Body, that it may corrupt the Humours, or turn to a Hectick. Therefore we mu&s;t proceed with great cau|tion, and rather u&s;e &s;uch a Remedy fortuitous, than procured by Art: For a Fever &s;uper|vening on an Apoplexy proved de&s;tructive to <HI>Numenius</HI> his Son.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rubeus in Cel&s;um.</NOTE></P>
<P N="43">XLIII. A Medical Sleep is a Sleep of the Di&s;ea&s;es of Mind and Body, either &s;ponta|neous or procured by Art. For Artificial Sleep gains a Phy&s;ician a great deal of credit. <HI>G. Palm,</HI> a Phy&s;ician formerly of <HI>Noremburgh,</HI> knew that very well, who, they &s;ay, u&s;ed to tell his Patients, that he would do them that favour, that they &s;hould re&s;t better the night after he was called. He obtained this with Syrup of red Popy, which he pre&s;cribed that Night. I was taken with the Stratagem, and I often do my Patients the &s;ame kind|ne&s;s, by giving them my <HI>Magi&s;terium Anody|num.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rolfinccius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="44">XLIV. It is not once, that I have &s;een Braggadocio's and Vainglorious Phy&s;icians mi&s;taken, while &s;ome of them would di&s;pa|rage what their Collegues had &s;aid, and would boldly determine, that &s;ome Spots or Heat would certainly prove the &s;mall Pox or Mea&s;les, of which others were dubious. But it is better, in a doubtful ca&s;e either to &s;u|&s;pend ones Judgment, or only to an&s;wer du|biou&s;ly, than ra&s;hly and without any certitude or &s;olid conjecture, to pronounce &s;uch things in any ca&s;e, as frequently fall out otherwi&s;e, and then expo&s;e poor <HI>Suffenus</HI> to be ridiculed by the Vulgar, who by mean tricks was a&s;piring to his imaginary Primacy.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> &para; Cer|tainly a Man had need of long and careful Experience, po&s;itively to determine the Di&s;|ea&s;e it &s;elf, and its event.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="45">XLV. Whether &s;hould he make an Harangue to the By-&s;tanders, that is, may he di&s;pute of Di&s;ea&s;es before the Vulgar and Idiots? In ge|neral, Harangueing is unbecoming a Phy&s;ician: for it gives the Patient a &s;u&s;picion that the Phy&s;ician would cure indeed, but that he is not able, and therefore he would &s;upply in talk what he cannot perform by his skill. Truly to the Art of Phy&s;ick (which is &s;plen|did enough of it &s;elf, when the Phy&s;ician be|haves
<PB N="863" REF="397"> him&s;elf as he ought) there is no ne|ce&s;&s;ity of Starcht Di&s;cour&s;e, which may take a great deal of pains in the Hi&s;tory of Di&s;|ea&s;es before Fools. For Di&s;ea&s;es are not cured by Di&s;cour&s;e but Medicins. Therefore what <HI>Ajax</HI> &s;aid of him&s;elf may hold good here.</P>
<Q>Melior &s;it dextera lingua.</Q>
<P>Ver&s;ifying e&s;pecially does ill become a Phy|&s;ician. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> certainly rarely makes u&s;e of the Te&s;timony of Poets. Once indeed, <HI>lib. de Artic.</HI> he cites <HI>Homer</HI>'s Authority about Luxation in Oxen. Such Phy&s;icians are cal|led Tatlers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwingerus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="46">XLVI. Oftentimes the faithfulle&s;t and be&s;t Phy&s;icians are greatly injured by tho&s;e Pa|tients, who like a common Strumpet, would have every day a new Man. The ca&s;e lies thus; Oftentimes a Rational Phy&s;ician pre|&s;cribes Phy&s;ick according to Art, and &s;ees it given as carefully as he can for &s;everal days, yet without &s;ucce&s;s. For as Seed committed to the Earth does not immediately &s;prout up, nor is Meat as &s;oon as it is taken, turned into Blood: So Time is required, before a Medi|cin can &s;hew its virtue. In the mean time, if any that has no skill give any Medicin, though never &s;o in&s;ignificant, and if that which was fir&s;t given, do then begin to exert its Virtues, &s;o as the Patient recovers, then the chief Au|thor of his Health is loaden with Infamy, and the later is extolled to the Skies, and nobly rewarded. <HI>Joh. Birchmannus</HI> formerly the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;ician in <HI>Cologne,</HI> had for &s;everal days given Phy&s;ick according to Art to a Patient of no mean Family, with &s;mall &s;ucce&s;s. Then late at night another Phy&s;ician (one <HI>Tilman</HI>) was called, He, that it might be &s;aid he did &s;omething, ordered him a Ju|lep of Syrups and di&s;tilled Waters, upon which the Patient was &s;o relieved, that the next day when Dr. <HI>Tilman</HI> vi&s;ited him again, he gave him ten Florens of Gold. As he was going out of the Hou&s;e he met Dr. <HI>Birchman,</HI> and &s;hewed him his Fee, &s;aying, See Doctor, you &s;owed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hildanus.</NOTE> and I reap.</P>
<P N="47">XLVII. Now I lay open a great My&s;tery of Nature. Tran&s;plantation of Di&s;ea&s;es is a &s;tupendous Remedy, whereby the Sickne&s;s of this or the other Man is tran&s;planted, either into a Brute Creature, or into another Man, or into &s;omething Inanimate. The Cure in|deed &s;eems &s;uper&s;titious to many. But &s;ince Natural Means are u&s;ed, without the concur|rence of any &s;uper&s;tition, in Words, Cha|racters, or Ge&s;tures, though the weak under|&s;tanding of Mortals cannot always compre|hend the rea&s;on of it, I dare not condemn what &s;everal have tried by Experience. In Sacred Writ I ob&s;erve &s;ome hint of this Tran|&s;plantation, though miraculous, concerning the Lamb in <HI>Mo&s;es,</HI> and the Swine in the Go&s;pel. The chief way of Tran&s;plantation of Di&s;ea&s;es is into Brute Creatures. Some Cure Con&s;umptive Per&s;ons by letting them Blood in the Arm and giving the Blood to a Cock. One <HI>Flud</HI> an <HI>Engli&s;hman</HI> is reported to have tran&s;planted a certain Mans Gout into a Dog, that u&s;ed to lie with him, with which the Dog was troubled by fits, as it u&s;ed to torment the Ma&s;ter. I &s;hall not &s;et bounds to Nature, nor do I altogether condemn, what unexperienced Rea&s;on cannot compre|hend: As if he were like to know the Mea|&s;ure of another thing, who cannot do it in him&s;elf, as <HI>Pliny, l.</HI> 2. <HI>c.</HI> 1. &s;peaks.<NOTE PLACE="marg">T. Barthol.</NOTE></P>
<P N="48">XLVIII. Since the Con&s;titutions of Bodies, and Di&s;po&s;itions of Mens Minds do vary ac|cording to the Climates of the World, the various &s;ituation of Countries, and the Na|ture of Cities and Waters, it is nece&s;&s;ary, that the cour&s;e of Diet and Medicins mu&s;t vary al&s;o. As every place has its particular <HI>Genius,</HI> &s;o all places have their proper Di&s;|ea&s;es, and peculiar Medicins for tho&s;e Di&s;|ea&s;es. But &s;eeing Di&s;ea&s;es are not cured only by &s;ome Medicins and &s;uch as grow on the &s;pot, but that often there is need of Exo|ticks; it is better for a Phy&s;ician to &s;earch their Native &s;oil, than to live all their Life long at home in the Schools, like the Phy&s;i|cians of <HI>Alexandria,</HI> or than to tru&s;t Drug|gi&s;ts, becau&s;e they &s;upply the wants of &s;uch things with <HI>&s;uccedanea,</HI> when they ought to u&s;e the very things them&s;elves. <HI>Galen</HI> made no Bones of &s;ailing to <HI>Cyprus,</HI> that he might know <HI>Chalcitis</HI> from <HI>Mi&s;y</HI> and <HI>Sory,</HI> and that he might &s;ee other Metals. Afterwards he travelled into <HI>Pale&s;tine</HI> in <HI>Syria</HI> for <HI>A&s;phaltes,</HI> a <HI>Bitumen</HI> of a Lake in <HI>Judaea.</HI> He &s;ailed to the I&s;le <HI>Lemnos,</HI> that in pre&s;ence he might &s;ee, how much Goats Blood the Prie&s;t mixt with <HI>Terra Lemnia,</HI> and how he marked it with the picture of a Cat; and that he might &s;earch out &s;everal other Medicins, that grew in other places, he returned through <HI>Thrace</HI> and <HI>Macedonia</HI> on foot.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="49">XLIX. The Rules of Art do teach, that the Cure of many Patients at once cannot be undertaken by one Phy&s;ician. For he is the be&s;t and propere&s;t Arti&s;t, who leaves not his Patient long, as <HI>Cel&s;us</HI> teaches, <HI>l.</HI> 3. <HI>c.</HI> 4. and who &s;ometimes tarries all night with him. For otherwi&s;e he cannot exactly know the times of the Fits, the differences in the Pul&s;e, what hour the Patient is weake&s;t, what is the propere&s;t time for feeding, unle&s;s he be con|&s;tantly by the Patient. Now &s;uppo&s;e Pa|tients &s;hould be vi&s;ited twice every day, how is it po&s;&s;ible, that one Man can attend forty, or it may be one hundred Patients in one day, if, as he ought, he remember the time and hour of decumbiture, what the cour&s;e and motion of the Di&s;ea&s;e is on the day following, what Remedies he has u&s;ed already, and what he mu&s;t u&s;e hereafter, what food he has taken, what his &s;ymptoms are, and what they por|tend, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> All which, &s;ince there are &s;o many and &s;o difficult, let a prudent Phy&s;ician al|ways mea&s;ure his own &s;trength, and let him not lay more load on his Shoulders, than his Con&s;cience can bear, e&s;pecially if many are &s;ick at the &s;ame time of dangerous Di&s;ea&s;es, who mu&s;t be often vi&s;ited: or otherwi&s;e, if they be &s;uch Di&s;ea&s;es that unle&s;s the Patient be often vi&s;ited, he may commit many pernici|ous mi&s;takes. Much le&s;s can he do his Duty
<PB N="864" REF="398"> to many, if he mu&s;t be at Con&s;ultations with other Phy&s;icians: for Con&s;ultations require time and Medical Study. Therefore if ma|ny be to be cured none can be lookt after, as they ought;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro.</NOTE> and therefore many die.</P>
<P N="50">L. Let not a Phy&s;ician be a&s;hamed to con|fe&s;s his Errors, imitating <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who &s;ays, he was deceived by the Sutures, this is after the manner of Great Men, who have hopes of great things: for &s;ome Mens Spirits, becau&s;e they have nothing, detract nothing from them&s;elves. It is agreeable to a great Spirit, and one who neverthele&s;s will do great things, to make a &s;imple and true acknow|ledgment of his mi&s;take, and e&s;pecially in that Mini&s;tery, which is delivered to po&s;terity for their profit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cel&s;us.</NOTE></P>
<P N="51">LI. Experience is u&s;eful to Methodical or Dogmatical Phy&s;icians; becau&s;e from this hi&s;torical and particular Experience of Em|pericks, they take an occa&s;ion of finding out a general Rea&s;on of tho&s;e things that are un|known. <HI>Hippocrates, lib. de Praecept.</HI> has &s;aid, that a Phy&s;ician ought to learn of Idiots: for the&s;e are endued with &s;en&s;e as well as the mo&s;t learned Phy&s;ician; and the Rudiments of Phy&s;ick were found out by the benefit of Sen&s;e. Empirici&s;m is u&s;eful to the Sick: for, be the Empiricks never &s;o unskilful, becau&s;e they want the knowledge of Praecepts; yet, I ex|hort Dogmatical Phy&s;icians, according to <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Advice, <HI>lib. de Praecept.</HI> that for the Patients &s;afety, in difficult Di&s;ea&s;es they would not neglect the <GAP DESC="foreign">, that is, the Experience of Empiricks: For though they have not a Dogmatical Method, drawn from Hi&s;tories of particulars, yet they have Ex|perience in particulars, and &s;ometimes cure Di&s;ea&s;es by Empirical Analogi&s;m, though they cannot render a Rea&s;on of their Cure by a Methodical or Dogmatical Epilogi&s;m. Cer|tainly a mere Empirick, even upon the Te|&s;timony of <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> is better than a mere Dogmati&s;t; becau&s;e he cures &s;ome, though without Art;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zwingerus.</NOTE> this never cures any.</P>
<P N="52">LII. There are many things in this Art, wherein for Urgency's &s;ake, it is a piece of Art to depart from Art. For though there be many Legitimate and Regular Precepts; yet none are perpetual: And he that reckons any for perpetual and inviolable, may be a Methodi&s;t, but not at all Rational. For a Rational Phy&s;ician cures not by Book or Com|mentary, but as Experienced Rea&s;on dictates in every affair, and he ties him&s;elf to no un|alterable Rules. Nothing is more unprofi|table and dangerous, than always to ob&s;erve the &s;ame &s;et form, which the le&s;s Circum|&s;pect, and they that are ignorant in many things, call Method, which yet is method only in this, that it is a &s;hort way, but it is too &s;hort. Art cannot be confined within &s;o narrow bounds; there is need of Rea&s;on to con&s;ider all things; for in Ca&s;es there is a wonderful variety.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="53">LIII. It is the part of a Phy&s;ician not only to u&s;e Medicins and all Medicinal In&s;truments aright, and to order the Meat and Drink; but al&s;o to take care of all things that mu&s;t be done or &s;aid before the Patient, by him&s;elf or by any body el&s;e, and of the Chamber, Hou&s;e, and Bed, and of all External things, and to di&s;po&s;e of them all, as may make mo&s;t to plea&s;e and benefit the Patient. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> calls this Providence, <HI>the Oeconomy about a &s;ick Per&s;on,</HI> properly enough: For when he or|ders Bleeding, or Purging, or the applying of a Pla&s;ter, or any &s;uch thing, he &s;eems to exerci&s;e his Art of Phy&s;ick: But when he or|ders the Windows or Doors to be opened or &s;hut, the Patients Bed to be removed this way or that, that they who come to &s;ee him talk of &s;uch or &s;uch things, that this be told him, and the other thing be concealed from him, he &s;eems to exerci&s;e a kind of Oeconomy. And indeed though the fir&s;t care, which be|longs to the Medicinal In&s;truments, be of mo&s;t moment, yet the la&s;t is of no &s;mall con|cernment. Certainly many excellent Phy&s;i|cians, and well skilled in their Art, becau&s;e they are a little awkward about this Oecono|my, are &s;o ingrateful to their Patients, that for this very rea&s;on they are laid a&s;ide as u&s;e|le&s;s. On the contrary, others that have little skill, do &s;o accommodate them&s;elves to this Care, that though they do no great feats, yet many think them excellent Phy&s;icians.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="54">LIV. The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t not vi&s;it his Pa|tient beyond the twentieth day, if he recover; unle&s;s he be intreated to a&s;&s;i&s;t him in his Re|covery. So when he has a mind to take leave, he mu&s;t cunningly enquire, whether there be any thing, that &s;till requires his co|ming; for it does not become a prudent and grave Phy&s;ician to tarry till he is bid to come no more.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Ca&s;tro.</NOTE></P>
<P N="55">LV. Many Phy&s;icians avoid all days of the Conjunctions and Oppo&s;itions of the Moon: Some to this Super&s;tition do add many other unhappy A&s;pects. And it is plain, that all of them will not begin a Cure on tho&s;e days, and that they make an intermi&s;&s;ion of the Cure on them, if they have begun it. <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> indeed condemns fifty days about the Dogdays, and twenty about each Sol&s;tice and Aequinox, ten before and &s;o many after, and the ri&s;ing and &s;etting of the <HI>Pleiades</HI> and <HI>Arctu|rus, l. de Med. Purg.</HI> and <HI>l. de Aer. Aq. &amp; Loc.</HI> I think it more Medical and prudent Advice, to have a care of the great and va|rious Intemperature of the Sea&s;ons, laying a&s;ide all care of the Stars. Nor indeed can I think that tho&s;e Phy&s;icians named the Stars upon any other account, than as they are &s;igns of the Alteration of Sea&s;ons. The Dog of great heat, <HI>Arcturus</HI> and the <HI>Pleiades,</HI> and the four Points of the Zodiack, of &s;udden Alte|rations. A Phy&s;ician therefore may ob&s;erve the Alterations of the Air, and reckon they only belong to his Art. I only regard the&s;e A&s;pects of the Moon, when it makes not much matter whether you give or defer your Reme|dy: Complying &s;o far with other Mens opi|nions, as to call it the Lea&s;t Indication.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Valle&s;ius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="56">LVI. It is found by Experience that every &s;even or nine years a Man undergoes &s;ome great alteration. The&s;e years are called Cli|macterick, becau&s;e they are Steps or Ladders
<PB N="865" REF="398"> by which we climb up to old Age. In the&s;e years <HI>Gravius in Hor&s;tius, tom.</HI> 2. <HI>p.</HI> 492. di&s;|&s;wades the u&s;e of great Medicins, or as <HI>Mer|mannus</HI> calls it, the <HI>Therapia Magna.</HI> For, as wi&s;e Phy&s;icians do nothing on Critical Days, but leave Nature to her &s;elf: So in the&s;e years, &s;ince Nature for the mo&s;t part u&s;es to do &s;ome great thing, the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t be quiet.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hoeferus.</NOTE></P>
<P N="57">LVII. Whether are there any Univer&s;al Medicins, as is written of <HI>Butler</HI>'s Stone (See <HI>Fr. Hofmanni</HI> A. Pharm. l. 2. c. 65.) which cured mo&s;t, if not all Di&s;ea&s;es with a touch of the Tongue only, u&s;ing a few more Cir|cum&s;tances? We do not deny <HI>Helmont</HI>'s Opi|nion, that Scents have an immediate contact with the Spirits, and can do much in exciting the <HI>Archeus.</HI> But whether by this very illini|tion with &s;uch a Stone of <HI>Ens Veneris, &amp;c.</HI> the <HI>Archeus</HI> can be &s;o &s;trengthned as to avert all occa&s;ional Cau&s;es, is a great <HI>Po&s;tulatum,</HI> and can hardly be granted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wedelius.</NOTE></P>
<P N="58">LVIII. Whenever the Phy&s;ician judges &s;ome generous Remedy requi&s;ite, and the Pa|tient or By-&s;tanders are again&s;t it; he ought to &s;hew the great danger pre&s;ent, the mi&s;chief of deferring or omitting it, and then impute all the dammage that will follow, to their re|fu&s;al. Thus they that will not yield to per|&s;wa&s;ions, will obey for fear of future evil. Now the Phy&s;ician that neglects this Rule does not only neglect his Patients but him&s;elf; His Patients, becau&s;e when they flinch for a little pain or trouble, he does not threaten them with the danger, and &s;o force them in a man|ner to obedience: He neglects him&s;elf, be|cau&s;e when things go ill, all the blame devolves on him; and he is accu&s;ed of want of skill, as not fore&s;eeing the mi&s;chief that would follow; or of negligence, in not reducing the Patient to his Duty with greater heat and ear|ne&s;tne&s;s,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE> who is excu&s;able, for the pain he was to undergo.</P>
<P N="59">LIX. I have often thought with my &s;elf, that we cannot make too little ha&s;te in driving away of Di&s;ea&s;es; but that we mu&s;t proceed &s;lowly, and that more &s;hould be left to Na|ture than is now the cu&s;tom to do. For he is in a Mi&s;take, and that no very learned one, who thinks Nature always needs the help of Art. For if it were &s;o, &s;he had not taken that care of Human kind, which the con&s;er|vation of the <HI>Species</HI> requires; Since there is no proportion between the frequency of Di&s;|ea&s;es that invade Men, and the faculties, which Men have, to drive them away, even in tho&s;e Ages when Phy&s;ick flouri&s;hed mo&s;t, and when mo&s;t Men practi&s;ed it. What this will do in other Di&s;ea&s;es, I know not, this I know very well from the concurrence of di|ligent ob&s;ervation, that in the Fever, wherein the <HI>Stupor</HI> prevailed, after general Evacua|tions were u&s;ed, Bleeding, and Cly&s;ters, the &s;aid Symptom u&s;ed only to be cured by Time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sydenham.</NOTE></P>
<P N="60">LX. Where the nature of the Di&s;ea&s;e is ob&s;cure, yet as for the Cure, an Indication is left us to be taken from the <HI>Juvantia</HI> and <HI>Lae|dentia,</HI> by means whereof, trying the way by degrees, we may conduct the Patient out of danger, provided, we make not too much ha&s;te; than which ha&s;te, I think nothing more de&s;tructive, nor that more Patients die of any one thing. For I am not a&s;hamed to confe&s;s, that when I was not &s;atisfied what I ought to do, I provided be&s;t both for my Pa|tient and my &s;elf by doing nothing: For while I waited my opportunity to kill the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Fever either went away by degrees of it &s;elf, or put on &s;uch a Type, that then I knew well enough, with what Weapons to conquer it. But, which is to be lamented, mo&s;t Patients not fully knowing that it is as much the part of a skilful Phy&s;ician &s;ome|times to do nothing at all, as at another time to give the mo&s;t effectual Remedy, are not ca|pable of the benefit of this hone&s;ty and faith|fulne&s;s, but impute it either to negligence or ignorance, whereas the dulle&s;t Empirick, knows well enough how to give Medicin upon Medicin, and u&s;ually does it more than the Wi&s;e&s;t Phy&s;ician.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sylvius de le Boe.</NOTE></P>
<P N="61">LXI. I had rather make u&s;e of an Empirical Phy&s;ician, that is, one who practi&s;es according to Experience, than a Theorical one, who practi&s;es according to his Rea&s;onings and Fig|ments. For Experience has long &s;ince inform|ed all Accurate Ob&s;ervers of things which hap|pen in our Art, that Empiricks are more &s;uc|ce&s;sful in their practice than Theori&s;ts, and &s;uch as are Phy&s;icians from Books, or their own Speculations, Men &s;o much more mi&s;e|rable in their folly, becau&s;e they make others mi&s;erable with them&s;elves. But the World will be bubled with Cramp Words, and great Brags.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem.</NOTE></P>
<P N="62">LXII. As in the knowledge of all Arts Rea|&s;on and Experience are very nece&s;&s;ary; &s;o in Method one cannot be without the other. Rea&s;on indicates, what mu&s;t be done; Ex|perience confirms, what Rea&s;on has invented, and teaches to work exactly according to Art. Yet all things are not found either by Expe|rience alone, or by Rea&s;on alone. <HI>Gal.</HI> 3. <HI>m. m.</HI> 1. Although Rea&s;on alone, invent &s;ome things, and Experience alone produce others, yet always, as much as po&s;&s;ible, Ex|perience and Rea&s;on mu&s;t be joined, as two Crutches on which Phy&s;ick leans: So that in Theoremes, or in Medicins found out by Rea&s;on, Experience mu&s;t follow; on the Contrary, in &s;uch things as were found out by Experience, Rea&s;on mu&s;t come behind, 2. <HI>Meth. cap.</HI> 6. Let them be &s;o connected and fa&s;tened one in another, that one may &s;trengthen the other. For no Rea&s;on can be true, which is contradicted by Experience, nor on the contrary; That is, they mu&s;t both be true, and the things that are found out by them. But when they thwart one the other, of nece&s;&s;ity either the Experience mu&s;t have been inartificial, or the oppo&s;ite Rea&s;on mu&s;t only be apparently true, whereon we mu&s;t not rely, nor for it mu&s;t we depart from our Sen|&s;es and Experience. And therefore there is no Rea&s;on without Experience; both Expe|rience without Rea&s;on is invalid, and Rea|&s;on without it is fallacious and captious: Though the Preheminence between them two
<PB N="866" REF="399"> is doubtful. For Experience knows few Di&s;|ea&s;es, and tho&s;e which come often and fre|quently: But Rea&s;on does as well help rare Di&s;ea&s;es, which it never &s;aw before, as com|mon ones, becau&s;e it &s;earches out the Natures, Differences, and Cau&s;es of all by Di&s;cour&s;e and Ratiocination, or it comprehends things by Scientifick Knowledge, or at lea&s;t by Ar|tificial Conjecture, yet by a &s;ure one, and that which is next to Science. Be&s;ides, Ex|perience only acquires tho&s;e things which often happen in the &s;ame manner; and &s;eeing all the &s;imple and compound Di&s;ea&s;es of all parts, Similar and Organick, cannot be brought to|gether, it is impo&s;&s;ible that there can be Ex|perience of them all, but only of the frequent ones; and therefore it of it &s;elf does not com|prehend or reach either the knowledge or Cure of &s;everal Di&s;ea&s;es. Be&s;ides, &s;ome frequent Di&s;ea&s;es come without any concour&s;e of Symp|toms, and cannot be known, but by conjecture and a Tentative Cure, and therefore in this way of proceeding only Rea&s;on can obtain the knowledge which is &s;ought after; And Expe|rience not knowing the power of the trying Remedy, joyns and compares it with the fol|lowing operation, and thence it ea&s;ily gue&s;&s;es, and it gets as much knowledge of the Di&s;ea&s;e by things hurtful, and orders the whole Cure: But not that Experience, which knowing not the virtues of Remedies, takes any thing for the Cure without judgment, &s;o that if the bu&s;ine&s;s &s;ucceed not at fir&s;t, he knows not whither he mu&s;t go, but by blind Chance and Fortune runs to another thing. But however it is, that Rea|&s;on dictates the&s;e and the like things to us; yet Experience is very nece&s;&s;ary, as in order of Nature it de&s;ervedly goes before Rea&s;on, &s;ince Phy&s;ick was not found after Rea&s;on, but Rea|&s;on after Phy&s;ick. Though Rea&s;on will not yield to Experience in dignity; yet in the mean time le&s;t Rea&s;on &s;hould halt, let a Man &s;tand on Experience, which is the other Leg, and this is often of it &s;elf &s;ufficient. For what things, &s;ays <HI>Sennertus, In&s;t. lib.</HI> 5. <HI>p.</HI> 1. <HI>c.</HI> 22. fall under our &s;en&s;e, leave nothing in doubt, nothing in que&s;tion; but &s;ince &s;ome things are hidden to the &s;en&s;es, we mu&s;t endeavour to bring them under Rea&s;on; yet &s;o as not to in|fer confu&s;ed and infinite things, nor fetch the principles of our demon&s;trations from far. And when what is found by Experience, can be proved by Rea&s;on, without doubt it is very certain. But when Rea&s;on oppo&s;es, we mu&s;t rather adhere to Experience, yet this mu&s;t be of a skilful Phy&s;ician, &s;ure and undoubted; for if it be uncertain and bad, it tends to the de&s;truction of the whole Man; Wherefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;aid, 6. <HI>Epid.</HI> 2. 29. <HI>A Phy&s;ician mu&s;t experience nothing ra&s;hly.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hofman.</NOTE></P>
<P N="63">LXIII. Seeing <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in reckoning up the Critical Days in Di&s;ea&s;es, followed the common cu&s;tom, calling all that time, from which the Patient began to be &s;ick till Sun|&s;etting, the fir&s;t day, and taking the other fol|lowing to begin at the ri&s;ing, and end at the &s;etting of the Sun, we ought not to depart from his way of Computation. For though <HI>Galen</HI> make every day to con&s;i&s;t of about twenty four hours, he was neither taught it by his Ma&s;ter, nor did he it, as convinced by Ex|perience; but becau&s;e he could no way el&s;e a&s;&s;ign a Rea&s;on of Critical Days. But be|cau&s;e this way of Computation taken from <HI>Galen</HI> is commonly ob&s;erved; that this Abu&s;e in a thing of &s;o great moment may (if po&s;|&s;ible) be removed from the Medical Faculty, I &s;hall dwell a while upon this &s;ubject.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t therefore I &s;hall &s;hew, that this Com|putation of <HI>Galen</HI>'s is not according to the mind of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who u&s;ed to commence every day, expecting the fir&s;t from the Sun|ri&s;ing. Then I &s;hall try to give the true Rea|&s;on of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Computation, and a&s;|&s;ign a cau&s;e, why the fir&s;t day, though it be not a whole one, yet ought to be reckoned for one day.</P>
<P>Let us therefore fall upon the fir&s;t. If <HI>Hip|pocrates</HI> had had a mind that the enumeration of each day &s;hould have been made, by be|ginning the day always from the hour when the Patient fell &s;ick, he mu&s;t needs have told the hour when the Di&s;ea&s;e fir&s;t took the Pa|tient, &s;eeing the whole cour&s;e of the Compu|tation has its original from thence. But in reporting the Hi&s;tories of Patients he no where makes mention of the hour of the in|va&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e: A mo&s;t evident Argu|ment, that it is not nece&s;&s;ary to know this, &s;eeing it is &s;ufficient not to be ignorant, whe|ther the Di&s;ea&s;e begun by day or night, or evening, morning, or midday; becau&s;e the computation of Days mu&s;t be made, not be|ginning at the hour when the Di&s;ea&s;e came, but from the time, when the natural day does truly begin. And it is plain, that this was inviolably ob&s;erved by him, becau&s;e in reck|oning up tho&s;e things, which happened every day to the Sick, he reckoned the morning and evening in the &s;ame number, as one day only, not part of the day as the end of the pre|ceding, and the other part as the beginning of the &s;ub&s;equent day; as the Galeni&s;ts do You may &s;ee this in the Hi&s;tory of <HI>Phili&s;cus,</HI> regi&s;tred 1. <HI>Epid. n.</HI> 1. where he &s;ays, that the third day in the Morning he &s;eemed free from his Fever till Noon, in the Evening he had an Acute Fever, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> We may ob&s;erve the &s;ame in the Hi&s;tory of <HI>Epicrates</HI> his Wife, and al&s;o of <HI>Dromeas</HI> his Wife, de&s;cribed in the &s;ame place: As al&s;o in the de&s;cription of the Phrenitick Di&s;ea&s;e, of which 3. <HI>Epid.</HI> 5. 3. and of the Servant in a Victualling-Hou&s;e, <HI>lib.</HI> 4. <HI>v.</HI> 126; and yet more clearly in the Hi&s;tory of <HI>Pithion, l.</HI> 3. <HI>&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>v.</HI> 134. and in &s;everal others in <HI>lib. Epid.</HI></P>
<P>Which Hi&s;tories if the&s;e Men were to de|&s;cribe, they would divide every day into two parts, joining the former with the preceding day, and they would make the Evening the beginning of the day following: Which you no where find done by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who al|ways ranked the Morning and the Evening in the &s;ame number, beginning the day always, as has been &s;aid, with the Sun-ri&s;ing, and end|ing it with the Sun-&s;etting. Will any of them &s;ay, that all <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Patients be|gan to be &s;ick at Sun-ri&s;ing, as he has begun
<PB N="867" REF="399"> the enumeration of his days from thence? Certainly this is ridiculous, &s;ince Experience &s;hews, that Di&s;ea&s;es do very &s;eldom begin in the morning.</P>
<P>Since therefore <HI>Hippocrates</HI> never ob&s;erved this divi&s;ion of days in his Enumeration, it is certain that the way of computing days by twenty four hours which <HI>Galen</HI> invented, and Po&s;terity has followed, is a mere Figment, and to be rejected from <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his Do|ctrine: And that that way of computing mu&s;t be ob&s;erved, which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> followed, cal|ling all that time, which is between the fir&s;t coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e and the &s;etting of the Sun, the fir&s;t day, beginning the &s;econd, and all the re&s;t from Sun-ri&s;ing till the night fol|lowing, according to the common cu&s;tom, which u&s;ually makes it a day from the ri&s;ing to the &s;etting of the Sun.</P>
<P>Nor mu&s;t we believe that <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in writing would have been &s;o negligent in a matter of &s;uch moment, if the Computation mu&s;t have been made different from the com|mon cu&s;tom, as not to have expre&s;&s;ed it. Since therefore &s;uch was our Ma&s;ter's Enume|ration of days in Di&s;ea&s;es, upon which the whole Rea&s;on of Prediction and Cure is founded, though the true cau&s;e of it be not known, yet I will try to give as probable a Rea&s;on as I can, not departing from <HI>Galen</HI>'s Principles, who 3. <HI>de dieb. decretor.</HI> endea|vouring to give a Rea&s;on of Critical Days, reduced it to the pa&s;&s;ing of the Sun through the Signs of the Zodiack in Chronical Di&s;|ea&s;es, but in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, to the motion of the Moon. Now whether its Action proceeds from the Signs which it runs through by its proper motion: Or from the diver&s;ity of Light, which it receives from the Sun: Or from the concurrence of both, it is not our bu&s;ine&s;s to determine, &s;ince it is &s;ufficient for us, to know that the changes of Acute Di&s;ea&s;es do proceed from the motion of the Moon by Quaternaries and Septenaries.</P>
<P>But though upon account of the fore&s;aid motion of the Moon, <HI>Cri&s;es</HI> and other altera|tions of Di&s;ea&s;es ought to be at certain &s;et days and hours, when it touches this or that point; yet often the Rational time is mi&s;&s;ed, &s;o that &s;ometime it anticipates, &s;ometime it po&s;tpones, and chiefly by rea&s;on of the Fits, which &s;eldom coincide with the &s;aid motion of the Moon. For it is certain, that <HI>Cri&s;es</HI> are made in the day of the greate&s;t Fit, where|fore we &s;ee (which <HI>Hippocrates</HI> al&s;o ob&s;erved) that tho&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es are judged on odd days which are moved on odd days; but on even days, when their Fits come on even days, and at a particular time of them: for in the be|ginning of the Fit Critical Excretions are made upwards: And what are made down|wards or by Sweat, do come when the height of the Fit is over.</P>
<P>If therefore the peculiar time of the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> depend upon the variety of the Fits, the cau&s;e mu&s;t be enquired of the Repetition of the Fits at certain &s;et hours, becau&s;e this &s;ame, with the fore&s;aid motion of the Moon, will make both the <HI>Cri&s;es</HI> and other alterations of Di&s;ea&s;es. And certainly this can be no other than the motion of the Sun which makes the day it &s;elf and mea&s;ures it, while being rapt by the <HI>Primum Mobile</HI> from Ea&s;t to We&s;t in twenty four hours time, it views the whole World. For by means of this motion, not only day is di&s;tingui&s;hed from night, from the diver&s;ity whereof Human Bodies and all Sub|lunary things are variou&s;ly affected, but al&s;o when it comes at the four Cardinal Points of the World, it produces an Alteration in the&s;e inferior things, an&s;wering in proportion to the four Sea&s;ons of the year, whence it comes to pa&s;s, that as in Spring Blood abounds mo&s;t, in Summer Bile, in Autumn Melancho|ly, and in Winter Phlegm, &s;o in the Morning Blood is naturally moved, at Noon Bile, in the Evening Melancholy, and at Night Phlegm, as is generally held by all Men. Wherefore &s;ince the beginning of a Fit is nothing but the beginning of the motion of the Humour, which peculiarly either cau&s;es or feeds the Di&s;ea&s;e, we mu&s;t needs maintain, that that is the beginning and author of the Fits, from whence the beginning of the mo|tion of the Morbifick Humour proceeds. For the rea&s;on, why the Fit, for example, of a Tertian Ague, returning every third day, comes at a determinate hour, is becau&s;e the Sun, coming to the Meridian, di&s;turbs the Bile, which is the Matter of a Tertian Ague, which when it is prepared to receive the Fe|brile heat, upon occa&s;ion of that agitation, it begins the Fit. And if the Fits of Tertians do not always come at Noon, nor turn at the &s;ame hour; for &s;ometimes they anticipate, &s;ometimes they po&s;tpone, it mu&s;t be attri|buted to the inobedience of the Matter, be|cau&s;e either by rea&s;on of its abundance, or of its quality, or of &s;ome mixture of ano|ther Humour, it either does not pre&s;ently give way to the moving cau&s;e, or it is over ha&s;ty.</P>
<P>If therefore the time of the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> be go|verned by the time of the Fit, and the cau&s;e of the Fit be the fore&s;aid motion of the Sun, as by it the Sun coming to &s;uch or &s;uch a Car|dinal point of the World brings the Fit at this or that hour, it follows oftentimes, before the Moon come to that Point, by who&s;e virtue the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> happens on this or that day, that the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> happens by virtue of the Sun, who mea&s;ures and di&s;po&s;es the hour of the Fits, and by con&s;equent the hour of the <HI>Cri&s;is:</HI> So that it is not nece&s;&s;ary to a <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> for example, which happens on the &s;eventh day, that all the days &s;hould con&s;i&s;t of full twenty four hours: Since it is &s;ufficient when the Sun having been &s;even days above the Earth, has exerci&s;ed its virtue upon the Humours, that the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> or any other mutation may be &s;aid to be on the &s;eventh day. Therefore, will &s;ome &s;ay, the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> will not be cau&s;ed by the motion of the Moon, but rather of the Sun, if by virtue of the Sun a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> follow, before the Moon come at the place of the <HI>Cri&s;is.</HI> I an&s;wer &s;uch, That for the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> to be made on this or that day depends on the motion of the Moon, who although &s;he be not yet come to the exact
<PB N="868" REF="400"> point wherein the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> ought to be made; yet &s;he has introduced before that time &s;uch a di&s;po&s;ition into the Body and the Humours, that upon the approach of the action of the Sun a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> may be made.</P>
<P>Wherefore the virtue of the Sun is to rai&s;e a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> at this or that hour, but of the Moon, on this or that day: For the Stars do act upon the&s;e inferior things not all on a &s;udden; nor then only when they touch &s;uch a Point; but they begin to act much &s;ooner at a certain di|&s;tance, that is, when by their Orb or Ray they come near that Point, and &s;o much the more effectually, by how much the nearer they approach to that Point, where their efficacy is &s;tronge&s;t. Wherefore when the virtues of two Stars concur to one and the &s;ame Action, it is not nece&s;&s;ary that the utmo&s;t virtues of them both, which con&s;i&s;t in the Point of an A&s;pect (A&s;trologers call it a Partile) &s;hould concur, &s;ince the efficacy of one may be a cau&s;e, that &s;ome di&s;po&s;ition introduced by the other, may be &s;ufficient to produce the Effect. Whence it comes to pa&s;s, that the Action which proceeds from the Sun, does often pro|duce a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> or &s;ome other Affection in the Body, though the Moon, which concurs to that Affection, be not yet arrived at the place on which its Action depends. And therefore, as I &s;aid but now, it is not nece&s;&s;ary, that all the days &s;hould con&s;i&s;t of full twenty four hours, as for Example, if one be taken &s;ick about the twentieth hour, on <HI>Sunday,</HI> al|though the Moon before the fourteenth hour of the <HI>Saturday</HI> following come not to that point, which makes the beginning of the &s;e|venth day, which indeed is, when the Moon by his Ray or Orb is come to that place, which by a &s;quare A&s;pect re&s;pects that Point, in which &s;he was at the time of the coming of the Di&s;ea&s;e, by virtue whereof <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> and va|rious Mutations in Di&s;ea&s;es do happen; ne|verthele&s;s by virtue of the Sun, which moves and makes brisk the Humours at &s;ome &s;et hours, the effects of the &s;eventh day begin at its ri&s;ing: Since the di&s;po&s;ition is &s;ufficient, which the Moon, approaching the place of A&s;pect, introduces into Mens Bodies: So that if the Di&s;ea&s;e be with a predominance of Blood, a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> may be made by Haemorrhogy even on <HI>Saturday</HI> morning at that hour when by virtue of the Sun the Blood is briske&s;t and moves mo&s;t.</P>
<P>Whenever therefore any one is taken with a Di&s;ea&s;e, while the Sun is above the Earth, we mu&s;t compute all that time to the Sun-&s;etting for the fir&s;t day; becau&s;e the Sun-&s;etting ends the day and begins the night, which two things are quite contrary one to the other in virtue and nature. Whence it is, that whatever follows afterwards, has no|thing to do with the former day, but belongs to the &s;ub&s;equent, of which that time is part. And this proceeds from the faculty of the Sun, which con&s;tantly exerci&s;es its virtues every day and fini&s;hes them, when it is come to the &s;etting: and it begins to produce other effects, when it gives beginning to another day. And it appears from this, that if the day be like to be quiet, the night preceding is u&s;ually quiet; if the day be laborious, the night before is trouble&s;om. Wherefore hence it may be argued, that in computation of nights the preceding mu&s;t be reckoned to the day fol|lowing. Although <HI>Hippocrates</HI> have not de|termined this matter, yet it is probable: for we are taught in <HI>Gene&s;is</HI> that the night begins the day, when the Author &s;ays, <HI>And the evening and the morning were the fir&s;t day.</HI></P>
<P>I judge Critical days &s;hould be computed after <HI>Hippocrates</HI> his way, who means natural not artificial ones. If you reckon <HI>Galen</HI>'s way, the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> will fall &s;ometimes on the &s;ixth, &s;ometimes on the eighth: Therefore they err who follow him, and they often kill; as it happened to a famous Phy&s;ician, who on the fourteenth day in the morning ordered Cup|ping-Gla&s;&s;es to be &s;et to the &s;houlders with Scarification, and by that means he &s;topt a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> by Urine, which was ju&s;t coming, upon which the Patient died on the one and twentieth day; becau&s;e he checkt the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> on the fourteenth.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
<BACK>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="400">
<HEAD>ADVERTISEMENT to the READER.</HEAD>
<P>YOU are de&s;ired to take notice that the&s;e following Tables are onely of the General Titles, calculated according to the La|tine (becau&s;e he who under&s;tands that Tongue has no need of the&s;e) for the u&s;e of the Engli&s;h Reader Alphabetically in Engli&s;h. But both the Learned and Unlearned mu&s;t take Notice that every Title contains &s;everal Di&s;ea&s;es, which are methodically laid down in the Contents of each Title, which we thought needle&s;s to repeat in a Voluminous <HI>Index;</HI> becau&s;e it is &s;o ea&s;ie to know to what General Title each Di&s;ea&s;e belongs. And therefore we would not charge the Book with any thing unnece&s;&s;ary.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="index">
<HEAD>A TABLE OF The General Heads Contained in the fir&s;t Eighteen BOOKS.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>AChe</HI> 126</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aegylops, Anchylops 7</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ague,</HI> in general 164
<LIST>
<ITEM>A&s;thmatick 183</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cold 181</ITEM>
<ITEM>with the Colick 186</ITEM>
<ITEM>Doating 186</ITEM>
<ITEM>Half Tertian, <HI>or</HI> Shaking 192</ITEM>
<ITEM>Heart-Ague 184</ITEM>
<ITEM>Quartane 223</ITEM>
<ITEM>Quotidian 226</ITEM>
<ITEM>Tertian 231</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>An Aneuri&s;m</HI> 10</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>St.</HI> Anthony<HI>'s Fire</HI> 150</ITEM>
<ITEM>Anus, <HI>its Di&s;ea&s;es</HI> 16</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Apoplexy</HI> 18</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Appetite,</HI> want of it 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, 319
<LIST>
<ITEM>Too great and depraved 23</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Arms,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 43</ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;thma 527</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>BArrenne&s;s</HI> 568</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Belching</HI> 531</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Belly-ach</HI> 632</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Biting of a Mad Dog</HI> 291</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bladder,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 635</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bleeding</HI> 269</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bones,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 394</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Brea&s;t and Lungs,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 478
<LIST>
<ITEM>Pain 481</ITEM>
<ITEM>Wounds 482</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Breath,</HI> its Shortne&s;s 527</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Brui&s;e</HI> 138</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Burns</HI> 107</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>CAchexy</HI> 48</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Canker</HI> 60</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carbuncle</HI> 82</ITEM>
<ITEM>Catalep&s;is 86</ITEM>
<PB REF="401">
<ITEM><HI>Catarrh</HI> 87</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Childrens Di&s;ea&s;es</HI> 319</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Child-bed Women</HI> 515</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Child-bed Purgations</HI> 518</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Colick</HI> 96
<LIST>
<ITEM>Hy&s;terick 106</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Con&s;umption</HI> 491</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Convul&s;ion</HI> 109</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Corpulency</HI> 390</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Co&s;tivene&s;s</HI> 9</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cough</HI> 594</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Crookedne&s;s in the Back</HI> 253</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>DEafne&s;s</HI> 581</ITEM>
<ITEM>Diabetes 119</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Drop&s;ie,</HI> of the Brea&s;t 293
<LIST>
<ITEM>in the Fle&s;h 294</ITEM>
<ITEM>in the Belly 296</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Drunkenne&s;s</HI> 137</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>EArs,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 39</ITEM>
<ITEM>Empyema 139</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eyes,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 391</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eye-lids,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 465</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>FAinting</HI> 583</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Falling-Sickne&s;s</HI> 142</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Feet,</HI> their Di&s;tempers 483</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fever,</HI> in general 154
<LIST>
<ITEM>Putrid in general 156</ITEM>
<ITEM>Continual Putrid 157</ITEM>
<ITEM>Intermittent in general 164</ITEM>
<ITEM>Symptoms 172</ITEM>
<ITEM>with a St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s Fire 188</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bleeding and Bloud-&s;pitting <HI>ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>with a Catarrh 185</ITEM>
<ITEM>Colliquating 186</ITEM>
<ITEM>of one Day 187</ITEM>
<ITEM>Dy&s;enterick <HI>ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Epiala</HI> 188</ITEM>
<ITEM>with the Gout 182</ITEM>
<ITEM>in the Head 183</ITEM>
<ITEM>Hectick 190</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leipyria</HI> 193</ITEM>
<ITEM>Loo&s;e 183</ITEM>
<ITEM>with Inflammation of the Lungs 204</ITEM>
<ITEM>Malignant 195</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pe&s;tilential 205</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pleuritical and Peripneumenical 220</ITEM>
<ITEM>Putrid Continent 229</ITEM>
<ITEM>with a Quin&s;ey 182</ITEM>
<ITEM>Rheumatical 227</ITEM>
<ITEM>Scarlet 228</ITEM>
<ITEM>with &s;hortne&s;s of Breath 182</ITEM>
<ITEM>Slow 193</ITEM>
<ITEM>Spotted 219</ITEM>
<ITEM>Symptomatick 229</ITEM>
<ITEM>Swooning 228</ITEM>
<ITEM>White 180</ITEM>
<ITEM>of Women in Child-bed 221</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fi&s;tula</HI> 241</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fits of the Mother</HI> 578</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flux</HI> 121
<LIST>
<ITEM>Bloudy 128</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fractures</HI> 246</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G.</HEAD>
<ITEM>GAnglion 253</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Gangrene</HI> 248
<LIST>
<ITEM>of the Cod 564</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Gout and Running-Gout</HI> 24</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Green-Sickne&s;s</HI> 92</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Groin-Rupture</HI> 46</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Gun-&s;hot Wounds</HI> 661</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>HAbit of the Body,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 261</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hair,</HI> the falling of it 8</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Head,</HI> its Intemperature 64</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Head-ache</HI> 69
<LIST>
<ITEM>Wounds 75</ITEM>
<ITEM>Swimming 632</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Heart,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 112
<LIST>
<ITEM>Palpitation 467</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Heart-Burn</HI> 84</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hick-up</HI> 564</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hoar&s;ene&s;s</HI> 524</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hypochondriack</HI> Di&s;ea&s;e 307</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>JAundice</HI> 314</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Impo&s;thume</HI> 3</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Impotency</HI> 545</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Inflammation</HI> 337
<LIST>
<ITEM>Of the Lungs 487</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Inque&s;t</HI> upon Dead Bodies 527</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Itch</HI> 547</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Itching</HI> 515</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>K.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>KIdneys,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 525</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>King's-Evil</HI> 573</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>LAbour of Women</HI> 475</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leachery</HI> 545</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lepro&s;ie</HI> of the <HI>Arabians</HI> 345
<LIST>
<ITEM>Of the <HI>Greeks</HI> 346</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lethargy</HI> 348</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lientery</HI> 353</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Liver,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 281</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Loo&s;ne&s;s</HI> 96, 121</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lungs,</HI> their Impo&s;thume 520
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their Inflammation 486</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lungs and Brea&s;t,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 478</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MAdne&s;s</HI> 373</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nge</HI> 511</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mea&s;les</HI> 386</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Melancholy</HI> 374</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Memory</HI> lo&s;t 378</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Me&s;eitery,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 384</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mi&s;carriage</HI> 1</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> 385</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Moith,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 394</ITEM>
</LIST>
<PB REF="401">
<LIST>
<HEAD>N.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>NErves,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 389</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>No&s;e,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 387</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Nouri&s;hment,</HI> want of it 38</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Numbne&s;s</HI> 575</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>OB&s;tructions</HI> 390</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Over-Purging</HI> 306</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>PAin</HI> 126</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Palpitation of the Heart</HI> 466</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pal&s;ie</HI> 469</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pangs of Death</HI> 7</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Phren&s;ie</HI> 488</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Piles</HI> 276</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pi&s;pot-Drop&s;ie</HI> 119</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pleuri&s;ie</HI> 500</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Plague</HI> 205</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Poy&s;ons</HI> 616</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pox</HI> 355</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pul&s;e Intermitting</HI> 521</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Putting out of Joynt</HI> 368</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Q&V;in&s;ey</HI> 12</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>RAving</HI> 115</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rheumati&s;m</HI> 531</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rickets</HI> 523</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Running of the Reins</HI> 254</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rupture</HI> 43, 46, 287</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SAlivation,</HI> a morbid one 547</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sciatica 339</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Scurf</HI> 511</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Scurvy</HI> 550</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Shortne&s;s of Breath</HI> 527</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sleep,</HI> preternatural 567</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Small Pox and Mea&s;les</HI> 601</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Speech,</HI> its lo&s;s 17</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Spitting of Bloud</HI> 264</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Spleen,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 349</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Spots</HI> 152</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stomach,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 624</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stone</HI> in the Kidneys 51
<LIST>
<ITEM>in the Bladder 56</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stone-Colick</HI> 389</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Strangling</HI> 576</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Strangury</HI> 570</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stuttering</HI> 42</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Swallowing,</HI> hurt 114</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Swelling of the Glands in the Groin or Arm|pit</HI> 44
<LIST>
<ITEM>Behind the Ears 474</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Swimming in the Head</HI> 632</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Swooning</HI> 583</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>TEars,</HI> involuntary 149</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Teeth,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 115</ITEM>
<ITEM>Tene&s;mus 586</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Terms,</HI> their Flux too large 379
<LIST>
<ITEM>Their Suppre&s;&s;ion 381</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thir&s;t</HI> 566</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thunder</HI> 247</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Throat-Rupture</HI> 43</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thru&s;h</HI> 17</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tongue,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 354</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ton&s;ills,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 587</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tumours</HI> 588</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tympany</HI> 302</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Twi&s;ting of the Guts</HI> 317</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>VEins,</HI> &s;wollen 599</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e</HI> 355</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>&V;lcers</HI> 637</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vomiting</HI> 645
<LIST>
<ITEM>Of Bloud and Corruption 649</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vomiting and Loo&s;ne&s;s</HI> 93</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>&V;rine,</HI> its &s;harpne&s;s 135
<LIST>
<ITEM>Stoppage 341, 651</ITEM>
<ITEM>Incontinence of Urine 651</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Uvula, <HI>its Di&s;ea&s;es</HI> 259</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>WAking-Lethargy</HI> 107</ITEM>
<ITEM>Wen 388</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whites in Women</HI> 244</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whitlow</HI> 474</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Witchcraft</HI> 616</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Women with Child,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 512</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Womens Labour</HI> 475</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Womens Brea&s;ts,</HI> their Di&s;ea&s;es 371</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Worms</HI> 365</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wounds</HI> 654
<LIST>
<ITEM>By Gun&s;hot 661</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Y.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>YArd,</HI> its Di&s;ea&s;es 483</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents to 19th book">
<PB REF="402">
<HEAD>A TABLE To the Nineteenth BOOK concerning Remedies.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>AD&s;tringents</HI> 676</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Alexipharmacks</HI> 678</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Alteratives</HI> 685</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Anodynes</HI> 690</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aperients</HI> 692</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aphrodi&s;iacks</HI> 694</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Arteriotomy</HI> 695</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Arthriticks</HI> 696</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>BAths</HI> 698</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bleeding</HI> 802</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>CArdiacks</HI> 702</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carminatives</HI> 704</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cauteries</HI> 705</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cephalicks</HI> 712</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cly&s;ters</HI> 715</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cordials</HI> 678, 702</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Co&s;meticks</HI> 719</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cupping gla&s;&s;es</HI> 719</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cy&s;ticks</HI> 760</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>DIaphoreticks</HI> 678, 737</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Diet</HI> in general 722
<LIST>
<ITEM>Of Febricitants 732</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Di&s;&s;olvers of congeled Bloud</HI> 745</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Diureticks</HI> 738</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>EMmenagogues</HI> 743</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Errhines</HI> 701</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Eyes,</HI> their Medicines 761</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>FOntanels</HI> 705</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Frictions</HI> 744</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Haemorrhoids,</HI> their opening 746</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hepaticks</HI> 748</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hypnoticks</HI> 749</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>INfu&s;ion,</HI> its operation 714</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Inu&s;tions</HI> 705</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>LEnients</HI> 758</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ligatures</HI> 759</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Loo&s;ners</HI> 758</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MIlk</HI> 756</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Milk,</HI> its Increa&s;ers and Le&s;&s;eners, 755</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mineral Waters</HI> 673</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>NArcoticks</HI> 690, 749</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Nephriticks</HI> 760</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>OPhthalmicks</HI> 761</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>PNeumonicks</HI> 840</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Preparers of the Humours</HI> 763</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pumping</HI> 832</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Purgation</HI> 773</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Purgers</HI> 789</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SAlivaters</HI> 798</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Scarification</HI> 829</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Setons</HI> 705</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Spleneticks</HI> 830</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stomachicks</HI> 832</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stone,</HI> its Medicines 760</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sudorificks</HI> 834</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Suppo&s;itories</HI> 745, 839</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Suppuratives</HI> 839</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>TErms,</HI> Provokers of them 743</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Topical Remedies</HI> 840</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thoracicks</HI> ibid.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>VE&s;icatories</HI> 844</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vomitories</HI> 847</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>&V;terines</HI> 853</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vulneraries</HI> 854</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>WAters</HI> 673</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whey</HI> 756</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The Office of a Phy&s;ician, Book XX. Fol. 853.</P>
<PB REF="402">
</DIV1>
</BACK>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
