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<NAME>Susie Lorand</NAME>
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<P>AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENCES Between the KING of <HI>DENMARK,</HI> AND THE DUKE of <HI>Hol&s;tein-Gottorp.</HI></P>
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<P>AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENCES Between the KING of <HI>DENMARK,</HI> AND THE DUKE of <HI>Hol&s;tein Gottorp.</HI> WITH Some Reflections upon the pre&s;ent Motions of the <HI>Swedes.</HI></P>
<P>IN A LETTER.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>Tho. Warren,</HI> for <HI>Thomas Bennet,</HI> at the <HI>Half-Moon</HI> in St. <HI>Paul's</HI> Church-Yard, 1700.</P>
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<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB REF="3">
<PB N="1" REF="3">
<HEAD>AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENCES Between the KING of <HI>DENMARK,</HI> AND THE DUKE of <HI>Hol&s;tein-Gottorp.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>SIR,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>YOU are &s;o pre&s;&s;ing, when you demand any thing, that one mu&s;t needs either grant your Reque&s;t, or fall out with you. But I never &s;aw you &s;o Violent, as &s;ince the troubles, which &s;eem to ari&s;e in the North, under pretence of the Ex|ecution of the Treaty of <HI>Altena.</HI> You will by all means
<PB N="2" REF="4">have me not only to tell you what the matter in Que|&s;tion is, but al&s;o to add my Opinion. 'Tis in vain for me to prote&s;t, that I am not vers'd nor skill'd e|nough in the&s;e Affairs, for to be able to di&s;cour&s;e up|on them pertinently, and to the purpo&s;e, you will not admit of this excu&s;e, and therefore as one mu&s;t Love his Friends with their faults, &s;o I will endeavour to &s;atisfy your Curio&s;ity, as well as I can, being re|&s;olv'd, rather to expo&s;e my &s;elf to yours, and the pub|lick Cen&s;ure, then to run the hazard of loo&s;ing your Friend&s;hip.</P>
<P>For to take things in their true beginning; I mu&s;t tell you, Sir, that, after the Kingdom of <HI>Sweden</HI> had &s;eparated it &s;elf from the Kingdoms of <HI>Denmark</HI> and <HI>Norway,</HI> and broke the Act of Union pa&s;s'd at <HI>Calmer</HI> in the Year, 1397. in the Reign of the glorious Queen <HI>Margarete;</HI> which was expre&s;s'd in the&s;e Words: <HI>The Three Kingdoms of the North did join for ever, and were to have but one King for the future;</HI> which was al&s;o perform'd under Six Kings one after another; <HI>Frederick</HI> the Fir&s;t, Duke of <HI>Hol&s;tein</HI> and <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> to whom the three Crowns naturally fell, &s;ucceeded with|out any di&s;pute to tho&s;e of <HI>Denmark</HI> and <HI>Norway,</HI> having be&s;ides, the two Dukedoms re-annexed to his Dominions.</P>
<P>This Prince being Dead, left Four Sons, <HI>Chri&s;tian</HI> the Third, who &s;ucceeded him in the Throne, Duke <HI>Adolf,</HI> the Chief of the Branch of the Dukes of <HI>Hol&s;tein Gottorp,</HI> and the Dukes of <HI>Jean</HI> and <HI>Frederick,</HI> who dy'd both without I&s;&s;ue. <HI>Chri&s;tian</HI> the Third, upon the earne&s;t Sollicitation of the Queen
<PB N="3" REF="4">Mother, divided the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> which is from time Immemorial a Fief of the Crown of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and the Dutchy of <HI>Hol&s;tein,</HI> which makes a part of the Circle of the <HI>Lower Saxony,</HI> between him&s;elf, Duke <HI>Jean,</HI> and Duke <HI>Adolf,</HI> his Brothers, in the Year 1544. in hopes to make his Brother Duke <HI>Frederick</HI> have the Arch-Bi&s;hoprick of <HI>Bremen.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Chri&s;tian</HI> the Third dy'd, and left to &s;ucceed him <HI>Frederick</HI> the Second, and Duke <HI>Jean,</HI> commonly call'd <HI>Jean</HI> of <HI>Sunderbourg,</HI> or <HI>Jean the Younger,</HI> Chief of the Branches of <HI>Sunderbourg, Norbourg, Gluck&s;bourg, Ploen,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Frederick</HI> the Second made a Treaty with this Duke in the Year, 1564 by which the King yielded to him <HI>Sunderbourg, Norbourg, Glucksbourg, Aren&s;beck, Ploen,</HI> &amp;c. with &s;ome re&s;erves, and the Duke in favour of the King renounc'd the Succe&s;&s;ion, after his Royal Father, for him&s;elf, Heirs and Po&s;terity.</P>
<P>Finally, Duke <HI>Jean,</HI> Brother to <HI>Chri&s;tian</HI> the Third, King of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and to Duke <HI>Adolf,</HI> being Dead, <HI>Frederick</HI> the Second, and <HI>Adolf,</HI> divided between them, his Lands and E&s;tates, in the Year, 1581. The&s;e Treaties, Sir, are the ba&s;is and ground to &s;everal others made between tho&s;e Princes, which it will be too long to give a particular account of. I &s;hall only &s;ay this: That what is mo&s;t remarkable in them is, that by them all, until that of the Year 1658. the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> was al|ways a Fief of the Crown of <HI>Denm.</HI> and the Dukes there|of receiv'd their Inve&s;titure from the Kings of <HI>Denmark.</HI> As to the Dutchy of <HI>Hol&s;tein,</HI> the Kings of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and the Dukes have taken and &s;till do take jointly the inve&s;titure thereof from the Emperour, which is
<PB N="4" REF="5">call'd, according to the &s;tile of the Empire: <HI>Inve&s;titu|ra Simultanea.</HI></P>
<P>'Tis true, that notwith&s;tanding the forementioned Di|vi&s;ions and Treaties of Alliance and Union, there has often been Di&s;putes between the Kings of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and the Dukes of <HI>Gottorp;</HI> the Dukes having always endeavoured to po&s;&s;e&s;s their part of the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;|wig</HI> in full Sovereignty.</P>
<P>It was to that purpo&s;e that <HI>Frederick</HI> Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> Grand-Father to the pre&s;ent Duke, having Marry'd <HI>Sle&s;wig Eleonora</HI> his Daughter to <HI>Charles Gu&s;tavus</HI> King of <HI>Sweden,</HI> joined with this King in the War, he had with <HI>Frederick</HI> the Third, King of <HI>Denmark.</HI> This War being terminated by the Treaty of <HI>Roe&s;hild,</HI> in the Year 1658. and by that of <HI>Copenhagen,</HI> 1660. and <HI>Charles Gu&s;tavus</HI> having Stipulated by the foremen|tion'd Treaty of 1658. that the King of <HI>Denmark,</HI> &s;hould &s;atisfy the Duke of <HI>Gottorp</HI> by a particular Treaty. And accordingly the &s;ame Year the Treaty was concluded as follows: <HI>The King of</HI> Denmark <HI>re&s;igns to the Duke of</HI> Hol&s;tein <HI>and his I&s;&s;ue Males, Born and to be Born in lawful Marriage, the Right of Va&s;&s;elage and So|vereignty over the Dutchy of</HI> Sle&s;wig, <HI>and the I&s;le of</HI> Femern, <HI>with all their Dependencies, Promi&s;ing to fur|ni&s;h the Duke with Letters Patent accordingly.</HI> This was perform'd the &s;ame Year, and ratified and con|firm'd by the Treaty of <HI>Copenhagen,</HI> 1660. by that of <HI>Fontainebleau,</HI> 1679. and Finally, by that of <HI>Altena,</HI> which is the la&s;t of all, in the Year 1689.</P>
<P>So that, to have a true notion of the thing you mu&s;t know, that, before the Treaty of 1658. the Kings
<PB N="5" REF="5">and the Dukes were really Joint-Lords of the Dutchy, though each one had his Domains and Va&s;&s;als apart, ac|cording to the Divi&s;ions; but with this difference, that the Dukes being Va&s;&s;als of the Crown of <HI>Den|mark,</HI> paid Homage to that Crown for what they po&s;&s;e&s;s'd jointly, or &s;eparately; whereas by vertue of the Treaty of 1658, the Dukes are made free from this Homage: Neverthele&s;s the Union and Commu|nity are &s;till in force; in&s;omuch, that the King and the Duke are always Joint-Lords. It is true, they don't agree about the extent of this Community; for the Duke pretends that it does not extend farther than to the Nobility and Clergy, but as for the Coun|try, Towns, Bayliwicks, with the Rights Pre-emi|nencies and Prerogatives, the things, &s;ays he, are &s;o &s;e|parated and divided, that one has no right in the others Portion.</P>
<P>The King on the contrary pretends that, notwith|&s;tanding the Divi&s;ions made, and the re&s;ignation of the Right of Va&s;&s;alage, the Community is &s;till in force, and does extend it &s;elf, not only to the Nobility and Cler|gy, but al&s;o over Towns Bayliwicks, and which is yet more, over the whole Country.</P>
<P>I beg your Pardon, Sir, that I don't examine here all the particular Rea&s;ons, that each party gives, for to make good his preten&s;ions, I &s;hall only &s;ay what may be &s;aid mo&s;t &s;olid in this matter on both &s;ides. The Duke can &s;ay: That, be&s;ides the Divi&s;ions made by the Treaty of 1658. and by the following Conven|tions and Letters-Patent, the Right of Va&s;&s;alage and
<PB N="6" REF="6">Sovereignty, are &s;o yielded to him in his Portion of the Dutchy, that he has therein a Legi&s;lative Power, and a Right of Sovereign Juri&s;diction, as to Pardon Criminals, to rai&s;e Taxes, to build Forts, and to put Garri&s;ons in them; to make Alliances, and generally all the Rights, that other Sovereigns have, and which they are not accountable of but to God alone; and all this &s;eparately and independently, in&s;omuch that the King has nothing to do, or to concern him&s;elf with, in the Dukes Portion, no more than the Duke has in the Kings, who has the &s;ame Rights.</P>
<P>To which the King may An&s;wer: That this is true in one &s;en&s;e, but not in all, for, if the Sovereignty were ab&s;olutely &s;eparated, it &s;hould be in &s;uch a manner; that what&s;oever one Sovereign did in his Portion, the other could have no right to hinder, nor to take any No|tice of it. And this can't be; by Rea&s;on, that be&s;ides the Community, that &s;ub&s;i&s;ts without di&s;pute over the Nobility and Clergy, the Rights the Duke has over his part, and tho&s;e the King has over his &s;eparately, don't hinder the two Sovereigns from their common Right: <HI>viz.</HI> the general In&s;pection over the whole Country.</P>
<P>And this appears: Fir&s;t, by the Treaties of Union, who&s;e aim is, according to the Tenor, the maintaining of Peace and Concord, the good of the Country in Ge|neral, and the Mutual A&s;&s;i&s;tance, which the Sovereigns owe to one another. Now as the principal point of a Go|vernment re&s;pects the Good, the Advantage, the Peace, and the Pre&s;ervation of a Country, it is clear, that the Community in the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> is &s;till in force
<PB N="7" REF="6">as to this point, according to the Treaties of Union. Be&s;ides, it is grounded upon Rea&s;on; for the Portions of each Sovereign are &s;o intermixed one with another, that if this Union does not &s;ub&s;i&s;t, the Country will always be in trouble and di&s;order. Secondly, this will be more evident by the&s;e following expre&s;&s;ions of the Letters-Patent: <HI>The E&s;tates, Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions, Liberty, Rights and Priviledges, belonging to the Nobility, Com|monalty, Towns, and in general to all the Subjects, &s;hall remain intire without any Di&s;turbance.</HI> Now, don't the&s;e Words prove &s;ufficiently, that the two Sovereigns are oblig'd Mutually and Reciprocally to the Pre&s;er|vation of the Rights and Priviledges of all the Sub|jects of the Dutchy, and that they have right to take care of the Performance of this Article, each of them in the others Portion &s;eparately, and jointly over the whole? And it is, I think, but rea&s;onable; for, if one of them &s;hould Act contrary to the Treaties of Union, the other mu&s;t have right to oppo&s;e him&s;elf, and he, that contravenes, cannot An&s;wer, that it is his parti|cular Affair, being it is a true General bu&s;ine&s;s and a Common Right of two Sovereigns over one Sove|reignty.</P>
<P>The King can &s;ay yet more, having &s;ome particular Rights, which the Duke has not; for on the one &s;ide, the Treaty of 1658. and the Letters-Patent expre&s;ly contain: <HI>That the Right of Va&s;&s;alage and Sovereignty, is yielded to the Dukes and their I&s;&s;ue Males, Born and to be Born in Lawful Marriage.</HI> From whence it appears plainly, that the Right of Fief, is not Aboli&s;h'd but
<PB N="8" REF="7">Conditionally, and only &s;u&s;pended in Favour of the Duke, and his Ma&s;culine Race. And on the other &s;ide, there is an expre&s;s Condition in the Letters-Pa|tent, <HI>viz. That the Dutchy of</HI> Sle&s;wig <HI>neither &s;hall nor can be Alienated, either in whole or in part, to the pre|judice of the Crown and Kings of</HI> Denmark. Now it is certain, that, if the Duke be oblig'd to perform the&s;e Articles, the King of <HI>Denmark</HI> has Rea&s;on to have a Watchful Eye upon him for the intere&s;t of his Crown, and to oppo&s;e him&s;elf again&s;t all Con|traventions.</P>
<P>And indeed the King has a double Right in this; one, as being Duke of <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> jointly with the Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> the other, as King of <HI>Den|mark,</HI> or to &s;ay as Sovereign, who has been and can yet very ea&s;ily be Feudal Lord of the Dutchy. Therefore the Duke in re&s;pect to the King, is not to be look'd upon as a Sovereign, without Con|dition or Exception, but as a Sovereign, freed from the right of Homage by his Feudal Lord, to whom he is oblig'd for it, by a Principle of Gratitude, if the thing has been done freely and &s;pontane|ou&s;ly on the Kings &s;ide, and by a Principle of Ju&s;tice, if it has been done by force and contrary to the Rights and Con&s;titutions of the Government; and to whom he is accountable for his Admini&s;tration, on the Points beforementioned.</P>
<PB N="9" REF="7">
<P>However it be; it is upon the Principles of which I have &s;poken, that the Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> who has been brought up at the Court of <HI>Sweden,</HI> and in a very great aver&s;ion to <HI>Denmark,</HI> has pretended &s;everal things, that neither his Father, nor his Ance&s;tors, e|ver had, e&s;pecially the Right of building Forts and Redoubts, at <HI>Holmer</HI> and other places, which he had begun two Years ago, or thereabouts, but was hin|der'd from continuing them by the King of <HI>Denmark,</HI> who caus'd the Works that were begun, to be entirely demoli&s;h'd. But as the Duke &s;ince, has Married the Elde&s;t Prince&s;s of <HI>Sweden,</HI> Si&s;ter to the pre&s;ent King, this Marriage has made a Stricter Alliance between this Crown and him; in&s;omuch that the King of <HI>Swe|den</HI> has &s;ent about 5000 Men into the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;|wig,</HI> for to put the Duke, as it is believ'd, in a Condi|tion to rebuild the &s;ame Forts, by which he pretends to &s;ecure his Country. This, Sir; is the matter of Fact.</P>
<P>The Dukes and the <HI>Swedes</HI> Parti&s;ans alledge two Rea&s;ons for to ju&s;tify this their Proceeding; the Fir&s;t is the Second Article of the Treaty of <HI>Altena,</HI> which they &s;ay, &s;hews that the Duke is well grounded in his Preten&s;ion. The Article is thus: <HI>That the King of</HI> Denmark <HI>&s;hall re-e&s;tabli&s;h the Duke of</HI> Hol&s;tein <HI>in all his E&s;tates and Goods, in his Sovereignty, Regales and Rights, as, to rai&s;e Taxes, to make Alliances, to build Forts, and to put Garri&s;ons in them,</HI> &amp;c. The Second is: That the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> being Gua|rantee of the Treaties &s;ince the Year 1658. and e&s;peci|ally
<PB N="10" REF="8">of that of <HI>Altena,</HI> and a Party concern'd in it, has thereby a ju&s;t Foundation for maintaining the Duke in his preten&s;ions. But here are Two Que&s;tions to be examin'd; The fir&s;t is: If the Second Article of the Treaty of <HI>Altena,</HI> is to be under&s;tood in that Sen&s;e, which the Duke and his Favourers give it, the Second is, if the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> has a ju&s;t Foun|dation for his Proceedings. And hereupon I only will make &s;ome general Reflections.</P>
<P>As to the fir&s;t Head: the fir&s;t Reflection I &s;hall make is: That how clear &s;oever the Second Article of the Treaty of <HI>Altena</HI> &s;eems to be in favour of the Duke, it is never the le&s;s not without Objection, and to give it the extent, that his Favourers do, the point that re&s;pects the Forts, mu&s;t be ex|pre&s;s'd thus: With the Right of building Forts where he thinks fit and Convenient, without his Maje&s;ty's taking any Notice of it, or finding fault with it.</P>
<P>What I here &s;ay, is no Cavil; for, to be con|vinced of the Truth of what I &s;ay, one needs but to read the Fifth Article of the &s;ame Treaty, which &s;ays thus: <HI>As for the &V;nion and A|greements between the two Hou&s;es, and the Treaties made till the Year</HI> 1675. <HI>they &s;hall continue in their full Force and Vigour, and be Religiou&s;ly kept and ob|&s;erv'd, as well as the Treaty of</HI> We&s;tphalia, <HI>the North, and</HI> Fontainebleau. Who &s;ees not, that how Sovereign &s;oever the Duke of <HI>Gottorp</HI> be, or what Right &s;oever he has to build Forts, and to put
<PB N="11" REF="8">Garri&s;ons in them, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> he can do nothing but what agrees with the&s;e Treaties of Union and Agreements between the Hou&s;es, el&s;e the Fifth Article is u&s;ele&s;s. Now the Que&s;tion is: If what the Duke does be not contrary to the&s;e Treaties. This is my fir&s;t Re|flection.</P>
<P>The Second is: That without de&s;cending to the particulars of what I here before have &s;poken con|cerning the aim and intention of the&s;e Treaties of Union, it is enough to &s;ay, that all Treaties of Union are by right &s;uch, that, although tho&s;e, who treat &s;hould find their intere&s;t wholly &s;eparateed, one of the Parties can do nothing, that is prejudicial to the other, without infringing the Treaty, el&s;e it is no longer a Treaty of Union. This is a matter of Fact inconte&s;table, and being &s;o; with how much more Rea&s;on is it, when the Parties have the Rights and Intere&s;t in common as in this pre&s;ent Ca&s;e? The Duke of <HI>Gottorp</HI> therefore is to prove, not only, that it is for the common intere&s;t to build Forts in the Places, where he will build them, and that they are nece&s;&s;ary for the good and pre&s;ervation of the Country, but al&s;o, that the&s;e Forts cannot be to any prejudice to the King of <HI>Denmark</HI> his Joint-Lord. And this is, what he can never be able to prove; for on the one Hand he will build them in the middle of the Country, which is u&s;ele&s;s for its pre&s;ervation, &s;eeing it is never thought nece&s;&s;ary to fortify, but only the Frontiers; on the other hand, it is evident that he Fortifies him&s;elf again&s;t the King, deprives his Maje&s;ty of the Right of the gene|ral
<PB N="12" REF="9">In&s;pection he has over the whole Dutchy, and con|&s;equently the Duke breaks vi&s;ibly the Unions and Agreements between the Two Hou&s;es, and even the Community; though it &s;hould not extend any further than to the Nobility and Clergy: for this Community alone is enough to hinder one of the Sovereigns from doing any thing that concerns the general intere&s;t of the Sovereignty, without the con&s;ent of the o|ther.</P>
<P>I think the King has rea&s;on to tell the Duke: You have Right to build Forts, I confe&s;s it; you have <HI>Tonningen,</HI> of which you are Ma&s;ter without di&s;pute. But that you may do nothing to my prejudice, and that, That, which you de&s;ign to do, may be for the good of our common Sovereignty, let us agree about the place and the Works; afterwards you may build freely, and I &s;hall be &s;o far from oppo&s;ing it, that I will a&s;&s;i&s;t you.</P>
<P>But the Duke in&s;tead of Acting unanimou&s;ly with the King for the common good, will alone give Laws, explain the Treaties as he plea&s;es, and be the Sove|reign Arbiter in a thing, where he has but only his Vote. This is not yet all; for the Duke is &s;o far from con&s;idering jointly with the King what is nece&s;&s;ary for the good of their common Dutchy, that he intro|duces there the Hereditary Enemy of the Crown of <HI>Denmark,</HI> builds Forts and puts them in their Hands, pretending, if I &s;o may &s;ay, to give the Sovereignty another Ma&s;ter. Is this the &s;en&s;e and meaning of the Treaties of Union between the Two Hou&s;es?
<PB N="13" REF="9">Is this the Sen&s;e of the Treaty of 1658. and of the Let|ters-Patent?</P>
<P>This is &s;o true, that I would fain ask tho&s;e, who have advis'd the Duke to Act as he does, if, now the <HI>Swedi&s;h</HI> Troops are in his Country, they are a&s;&s;ur'd, that their Ma&s;ter is Ma&s;ter enough to make them leave it, when he Commands. And was there never any Example, that Princes have pay'd dear for their Pa&s;&s;ion, de&s;ire of Revenge, and too much tru&s;t? It is to no pur|po&s;e to &s;ay, that tho&s;e Troops &s;hall Swear Fidelity to the Duke, and obey his Orders; for be&s;ides, that &s;uch Oaths are but u&s;ele&s;s precautions, according to the practice now adays, one mu&s;t be willfully blind, not to &s;ee, that, what&s;oever happens, the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> will always be Ma&s;ter of his Troops, and the Dukes Orders mu&s;t &s;ubmit to his.</P>
<P>It might perhaps be &s;aid: That this is the Dukes bu&s;ine&s;s, that he is Ma&s;ter at home, and that he has right to make Alliances; but this is a mi&s;take, &s;ince he carries the thing too far; for it is chiefly the King's bu&s;ine&s;s, who&s;e intere&s;t it is to hinder the <HI>Swedes</HI> from Fortifying them&s;elves in the Heart of his Domini|ons. Be&s;ides, can one &s;ay, that the Duke is &s;o ab|&s;olute Ma&s;ter, even of his Portion in the Dutchy, that he can di&s;po&s;e of it as he plea&s;es? No, certainly; for without alledging the Community over the Nobility and Clergy, and the Unions, which hinder one of the Sovereigns from undertaking any thing to the prejudice of the other, one needs but read the Treaty of 1658. for to &s;ee that the Rights of Va&s;&s;alage and Sovereignty
<PB N="14" REF="10">are not yeilded, but to the Dukes, and their I&s;&s;ue Males, Born and to be Born in lawful Marriage, and not to any other. And therefore the I&s;&s;ue Males once failing, the King remains Sovereign alone and en|ters into all his Rights again, as I have already ob|&s;erv'd. Be&s;ides, the Letters-Patent &s;ay expre&s;ly: That the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;wig</HI> cannot be Alienated, neither in whole nor in part, to the prejudice of the Kings and Crown of <HI>Denmark.</HI> Finally, As for the Right of making Alliances, it is evident by all that I have &s;aid, that what Right &s;oever the Duke has to that, yet nothing can Authorize him to put the Coun|try in the hands or Power of any other, nor by con&s;e|quence to introduce Foreign Troops. For what rea|&s;on then does he charge the Country with new Troops? What War has he to fear? Where, or who are the E|nemies? All <HI>Europe</HI> is in quiet; and if there be no|thing to fear, why then does he oppre&s;s the People or exhau&s;t the Country without nece&s;&s;ity? Is this the meaning of the Treaties of Union between the Hou&s;es?</P>
<P>Some perhaps will An&s;wer: That the King of <HI>Denmark</HI> him&s;elf is the Enemy of the Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> becau&s;e of what pa&s;s'd in the time of the late Duke his Father. But the King may re|ply: Fir&s;t, That neither he, nor his Ance&s;tors, have ever been Enemies to the Dukes of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> but when the Dukes have been theirs, and held Cor|re&s;pondence with the Enemies of the Crown of <HI>Denmark,</HI> contrary to the Treaties of Union, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>
<PB N="15" REF="10">And indeed the Kings of <HI>Denmark</HI> had good ground then to &s;ecure a Country, wherein they have an in|conte&s;table Right, and to hinder the Dukes from admit|ting their Enemies, and giving them entrance into their Kingdom. Secondly, If this rea&s;on &s;hall take place, no Treaty of Peace can any longer &s;ub&s;i&s;t; for be|&s;ides, the renewing of tho&s;e of the Union, what <HI>do</HI> the&s;e following Words of the Article of the Treaty of <HI>Altena</HI> mean? <HI>There &s;hall be an Eternal Oblivion of what is pa&s;s'd on both &s;ides, this Treaty makes an inviola|ble Friend&s;hip, and a mo&s;t &s;trict &V;nion between his Ma|je&s;ty and his Highne&s;s, as well as between their Heirs and Succe&s;&s;ors,</HI> &amp;c. And who knows not, that, when a Treaty of Peace and Reconcilement is concluded between Princes, it is no longer permitted to renew the Differences pa&s;s'd, nor to make War without Grievances?</P>
<P>The Third Reflection is: That the Treaty of <HI>Altena,</HI> taken in its true Sen&s;e, is no more than a Confirmation of that of <HI>Copenhagen,</HI> 1660. and the others following; as it appears clearly by the&s;e Words of the Second Article in that Treaty. .... <HI>and in all the Rights, Priviledges, and Pre-eminencies, that he injoy'd by Vertue of the Treaties of</HI> We&s;tphalia, <HI>and the North,</HI> &amp;c. This &s;hews evidently, that the meaning of this Treaty has properly been but only to &s;ettle things again upon the &s;ame Foot they were before. Now &s;ince all things have been re-e&s;ta|bli&s;h'd, and the late Duke &s;atisfied with it until his Death, why then does he change them at pre&s;ent, and
<PB N="16" REF="11">give beginning to new troubles, that may prove dangerous to the whole Country of things by no great importance?</P>
<P>The Fourth Reflection is: That the Duke of <HI>Got|torp,</HI> or rather his Coun&s;ellors, ought to Remem|ber, that there are very many rea&s;ons which ought to bind him to the Crown of <HI>Denmark,</HI> rather than to that of <HI>Sweden;</HI> for, be&s;ides that, which the King and they have in common in their Dutchy, their Treaties of Union, the Di&s;orders and the Prejudice that divi&s;ions may produce, and the Friend&s;hip there naturally ought to be between Princes of the &s;ame Blood, and de&s;cended from the &s;ame Kings; are not the Dukes of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> for the&s;e many Years, Pre&s;umptif Heirs to the Crown of <HI>Norway?</HI> And is not this pre|&s;ent Duke become Heir to the Crown of <HI>Denmark,</HI> by the Dutche&s;s his Mother? Now if the&s;e Ties don't produce a good Under&s;tanding, I know not what can?</P>
<P>I go on to my Second Que&s;tion, <HI>viz.</HI> To inquire if the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> be well grounded to pro|ceed as he does? Hereupon I &s;hall make the follow|ing Reflections.</P>
<P>The Fir&s;t is: That the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> having no Difference with the King of <HI>Denmark;</HI> and the Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> his Ally, injoying in Peace his Domains, Revenues, and his Sovereignty, jointly with the King his Joint-Lord, and &s;eparately over his own Va&s;&s;als, it is &s;urpri&s;ing that he &s;hould run the hazard of kindling a War in the North, and not rather try all
<PB N="17" REF="11">means of an Accommodation, e&s;pecially &s;ince the whole difference is but about the Sen&s;e of the Second Article of the Treaty of <HI>Altena,</HI> the ground of which the Parties agree on.</P>
<P>To this they will &s;ay, that there have been Confe|rences held and are broke of; but as each Prince Pro|te&s;ts, that it is not his fault that the&s;e Conferences took no Effect, it is a Mark, that it would be ea&s;y to renew them, and yet I think it would be better to attempt it again by way of Negotiation, than by for|cible and unlawful means.</P>
<P>My Second Reflection is: That though the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> be Guarantee, and Party concern'd in the Treaty of <HI>Altena,</HI> yet he cannot give it what Sen&s;e and extent he plea&s;es.</P>
<P>The Third is: That, to &s;peak properly, the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> is not Guarantee of the &s;aid Treaty, for the true Guarantees, that is to &s;ay tho&s;e, who can have Right to take Notice of the performance of the Trea|ty, are the Mediators, <HI>viz.</HI> The Emperor, the Ele|ctors of <HI>Saxony</HI> and <HI>Brandenburg;</HI> but &s;uppo&s;e that the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> be Guarantee of this Treaty towards the Duke of <HI>Gottorp,</HI> the King of Great <HI>Britain</HI> and the States General are &s;o likewi&s;e; &s;o that it would be well worth the while to Act unanimou&s;ly with the Media|tors and Guarantees, or at lea&s;t not to Act without their con&s;ent or advice; and the Duke of <HI>Gottorp</HI> is &s;o much the more oblig'd to do it, for that it is his intere&s;t to manage the Powers, that can do much in this Affair, and will have rea&s;on to be offended at his proceeding. That which makes me believe that, they are not con|&s;ulted,
<PB N="18" REF="12">is, that I do not &s;ee it is for their intere&s;t to &s;uffer the <HI>Swedes</HI> to render them&s;elves more Powerful in <HI>Ger|many,</HI> than they are, nor that they &s;hould put their Troops into a Country, where <HI>Denmark</HI> has &s;o great a Right.</P>
<P>I know they will An&s;wer, that the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> is a Young Prince, who has Ambition and Courage. All this I grant. But is this a &s;ufficient Ground to undertake a War upon? For in &s;hort, it is very likely that the King of <HI>Denmark</HI> will not be idle or wanting to him&s;elf; and mu&s;t one not have &s;trong and ju&s;t rea&s;ons, when he undertakes a thing of &s;o great a Con&s;equence? With|out which a Prince renders him&s;elf accountable to God of all the Blood, that &s;hall be &s;hed in the War he under|takes, or is the cau&s;e of.</P>
<P>Nay, I dare proceed yet farther to &s;ay, it is not al|ways enough that a Prince has good rea&s;on on his &s;ide to begin a War, it mu&s;t be for &s;ome weighty and im|portant Affairs that are worth the while; without which he is &s;till accountable to God for all the Di&s;or|ders, that may en&s;ue.</P>
<P>Now can any Body rea&s;onably &s;ay, that to Fortify the Dutchy of <HI>Sle&s;wig</HI> in one place more than in another, or that the Sen&s;e of the Second Article of the Treaty of <HI>Al|tena,</HI> is a matter that Merits the hazard of involving three Kingdoms in War and Troubles? This being &s;o, I can|not conceive, how any body can advi&s;e the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> to &s;uch an Enterpri&s;e.</P>
<P>But, Sir, if you will have me &s;peak plainly, I mu&s;t needs confe&s;s, between you and I, that I cannot believe, that only the de&s;ign to help the Duke to rebuild his Forts,
<PB N="19" REF="12">is the true motive that makes the <HI>Swedes</HI> Act thus, and you can never beat it out of my Head, but that they have &s;ome other projects, whereof the Treaty of <HI>Al|tena</HI> is but the Cloak. However it be, other Princes and Powers in <HI>Europe,</HI> and e&s;pecially <HI>England,</HI> and <HI>Hol|land</HI> mu&s;t &s;ee, if it be their intere&s;t in the&s;e pre&s;ent Cir|cum&s;tances of Affairs, to let the War break out in the North, and not to keep the Ballance equal between the two Kings. And how can this be, as long as one makes him&s;elf Ma&s;ter of a Country, whereof he has no right, and which to &s;peak properly, belongs to the other.</P>
<P>Moreover, every Body knows that the Treaty of <HI>Sweden,</HI> with the Town of <HI>Bremen,</HI> does expire with this Century, and that the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> might renew his preten&s;ions; that it is not impo&s;&s;ible either to &s;ur|pri&s;e this Town, or to have gain'd a party therein, to &s;end &s;ome Troops from thence into <HI>Sle&s;wig,</HI> and to throw a greater number into that Country, under pre|tence of making up the number again, that he may have a con&s;iderable Army in <HI>Germany.</HI> I am apt to believe, that the Neighbouring Princes will have a watchful Eye upon the&s;e Affairs; for my part, I will rely upon their care, &s;ubmitting my Reflections to the more Ju|dicious. and my Conjectures to the Events.</P>
<CLOSER>I am, <SALUTE>SIR,</SALUTE> <SIGNED>Yours.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
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<P>THE Certainty and Nece&s;&s;ity of Religion in General, or the fir&s;t Grounds and Principles of Humane Duty E&s;tabli&s;hed. In Eight Sermons, Preached at St. <HI>Martins in the Fields.</HI> At the Lecture for the Year 1697. Founded by the Honourable <HI>Robert Boyle</HI> E&s;q;</P>
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