<!DOCTYPE ETS PUBLIC "-//UMDLPS//DTD EEBOPROOF 2.0//EN">
<ETS>
<TEMPHEAD>
<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2013-03-04</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Colm MacCrossan</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM>Proofed and reviewed.</ITEM>
</CHANGE>
</REVDESCR>
</TEMPHEAD>
<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="OX" ID="A28102">
<STC T="W">B281</STC>
<STC T="C">R15038</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">12854513</BIBNO>
<VID>94576</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="half title">
<PB REF="1">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>ARTICLES Touching The UNION OF England <HI>and</HI> Scotland.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<P>A DISCOURSE OF THE Happy Union OF THE KINGDOMS OF <HI>England</HI> &amp; <HI>Scotland:</HI> Dedicated in Private to King JAMES I. By <HI>FRANCIS</HI> Lord <HI>BACON.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>Tho. Milbourn,</HI> and Sold by <HI>A. Baldwin</HI> in <HI>Warwick-Lane,</HI> 1700.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB REF="3">
<PB N="5" REF="3">
<HEAD>A <HI>Di&s;cour&s;e of the Happy &V;nion,</HI> &amp;c.</HEAD>
<P>OF this Di&s;cour&s;e there is Two Parts: The Fir&s;t Part is Philo&s;ophical, and there needs this only to be Noted.</P>
<P>There are Two &s;everal Kinds of Policy (&s;ays he) in Uniting and Conjoyning of States and Kingdoms: The one, to retain the Ancient Form &s;till Severed, and on|ly Conjoyn'd in Soveraignty: The other, to &s;uperinduce a New Form agreeable and convenient to both. The former hath been u&s;ual, and is ea&s;ie: But the Latter, more happy. Of the Form whereby States and Kingdoms are perfectly United, there are (be&s;ides the Soveraignty it &s;elf) Four in Number, <HI>viz.</HI> Union in Name, Union in Language, Union in Laws, and Union in Employments.</P>
<P>In his Second Part, waving his Complements to the King, I will come to the Bu&s;ine&s;s, and thus he writes.</P>
<P>My Purpo&s;e is only to break this Matter of the Union into certain &s;hort <HI>Articles</HI> and <HI>Questions,</HI> and to make a certain kind of <HI>Anatomy</HI> or <HI>Analy&s;is</HI> of the Parts and Mem|bers thereof; not that I am of Opinion that all the <HI>Que|&s;tions</HI> which I now &s;hall open, were fit to be in the Con|&s;ultation of the <HI>Commi&s;&s;ioners</HI> propounded. For I hold no|thing &s;o great an Enemy to good Re&s;olution, as the making of too many Que&s;tions, &s;pecially in <HI>A&s;&s;emblies,</HI> which con|&s;i&s;t of many. For <HI>Princes,</HI> for avoiding of Di&s;traction, mu&s;t take many things by way of Admittance; and if <HI>Que&s;tions</HI> mu&s;t be made of them, rather to &s;uffer them to ari&s;e from others, than to Grace them, and Authorize
<PB N="6" REF="4">them as propounded for them&s;elves. But unto your <HI>Maje&s;ties</HI> private Con&s;ideration, to whom it may better &s;ort with me rather to &s;peak as a <HI>Remembrancer,</HI> than as <HI>Coun&s;eller,</HI> I have thought good to lay before you all the <HI>Branches, Lineaments,</HI> and <HI>Degrees</HI> of this <HI>&V;nion,</HI> that upon the <HI>View</HI> and Con&s;ideration of them and their Circum&s;tances, your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> may the more clearly di&s;cern, and more readily call to mind which of them is to be embraced, and which to be rejected: And of the&s;e, which are to be accepted, which of them to be pre&s;ently to be proceeded in, and which to be put over to further time; and again which of them &s;hall require <HI>Authority of Parliament,</HI> and which are fitter to be effected by your <HI>Maje&s;ties Royal Power</HI> and <HI>Pre|rogative,</HI> or by other Pollicies or Means: And La&s;tly, which of them is liker to pa&s;s with Difficulty and Con|tradiction, and which with more Facility and Smoothne&s;s.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t therefore to begin with that Que&s;tion that I &s;uppo&s;e will be out of que&s;tion.</P>
<P>Whether it be not meet,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Statutes con|cerning <HI>Scot|land,</HI> and the Scotti&s;h Nati|on.</NOTE> that the Statutes, which were made touching <HI>Scotland,</HI> or the <HI>Scotti&s;h Nation,</HI> while the <HI>Kingdoms</HI> &s;tood &s;evered, be Repealed?</P>
<P>It is true, there is a Diver&s;ity in the&s;e: For &s;ome of the&s;e <HI>Laws</HI> con&s;ider <HI>Scotland</HI> as an Enemy Country; others Laws con&s;ider it as a Foreign Country only: As for <HI>Example,</HI> the Law of <HI>Rich.</HI> 2. <HI>Anno</HI> 7th. which prohibiteth all Armour or Victual, to be carrryed to <HI>Scotland:</HI> And the Laws of 7th. of <HI>K. H.</HI> the 7th. that Enacteth all the <HI>Scotti&s;h</HI> Men to depart the Realm within a Time prefix'd: Both the&s;e <HI>Laws,</HI> and &s;ome others, re&s;pect <HI>Scotland</HI> as a Country of Ho&s;tility; But the <HI>Laws</HI> of 22. of <HI>Edward</HI> 4th. that endu|eth <HI>Barwick</HI> with the Liberty of a <HI>Staple,</HI> where all <HI>Scotti&s;h Merchandizes</HI> &s;hould re&s;ort that &s;hould be uttered for <HI>En|gland:</HI> And likewi&s;e all <HI>Engli&s;h Merchandizes</HI> that &s;hould be uttered for <HI>Scotland.</HI> This <HI>Law</HI> beholdeth <HI>Scotland,</HI> on|ly as a <HI>Forein Nation;</HI> And not &s;o much neither; For there
<PB REF="4">have been erected <HI>Staples,</HI> in Towns of <HI>England,</HI> for &s;ome Commodities, with an Exclu&s;ion and Re&s;triction of other Parts of <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>But this is a Matter of the lea&s;t Difficulty;
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laws Cu&s;toms Commi&s;&s;ions, Officers, of the Borders or Marches.</NOTE> your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hall have a <HI>Calendar</HI> made of the <HI>Laws,</HI> and a <HI>Brief</HI> of the Effect: And &s;o you may judge of them: And the like, or Reciproque is to be done by <HI>Scotland,</HI> for &s;uch Laws as they have concerning <HI>England</HI> and the <HI>Engli&s;h Nation.</HI></P>
<P>The Second Que&s;tion is, what Laws, Cu&s;toms, Commi&s;|&s;ions, Officers, Garri&s;ons, and the like, are to be put down, di&s;continued, or taken away, upon the Borders of both Realms.</P>
<P>This <HI>Point,</HI> becau&s;e I am not acquainted with the <HI>Orders</HI> of the <HI>Marches,</HI> I can &s;ay le&s;s.</P>
<P>Herein falleth that <HI>Que&s;tion,</HI> whether that the <HI>Tenants,</HI> who hold their <HI>Tenant Rights</HI> in a greater Freedom and Ex|emption, in Con&s;ideration of their Service upon the <HI>Bor|ders;</HI> And that the <HI>Countries</HI> them&s;elves, which are in the &s;ame re&s;pect di&s;charged of <HI>Sub&s;idies</HI> and <HI>Taxes,</HI> &s;hould not now be brought to be in one degree with other <HI>Tenants</HI> and <HI>Countries; Nam ce&s;&s;ante cau&s;a tollitur Effectus;</HI> where|in in my Opinion, &s;ome time would be given, <HI>Quia ad|huc eorum Me&s;&s;is in Herba est:</HI> But &s;ome pre&s;ent <HI>Ordinance</HI> would be made to take effect at a future time, con&s;idering it is one of the greate&s;t <HI>Points</HI> and <HI>Marks</HI> of the Divi&s;ion of the <HI>Kingdoms.</HI> And becau&s;e Rea&s;on doth dictate, that where the principal Solution of Continuity was, there the Healing and Con&s;olidating Plai&s;ter &s;hould be chiefly ap|plyed; There would be &s;ome further Device, for the ut|ter and perpetual Confounding of tho&s;e <HI>Imaginary Pounds,</HI> (as your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> termeth them;) And therefore it would be con&s;idered, whether it were not convenient to Plant and Erect, at <HI>Carlile,</HI> or <HI>Barwick,</HI> &s;ome <HI>Coun&s;el,</HI> or <HI>Court</HI> of <HI>Justice,</HI> the <HI>Juri&s;diction</HI> whereof, might extend part in|to <HI>England,</HI> and part into <HI>Scotland;</HI> With a <HI>Commi&s;&s;ion,</HI>
<PB REF="5">not to proceed precilely, or meerly, according to the <HI>Laws</HI> and <HI>Cu&s;toms,</HI> either of <HI>England</HI> or <HI>Scotland,</HI> but mixtly, ac|cording to In&s;truction, by your Maje&s;ty to be &s;et down, after the Imitation, and Pre&s;ident of the <HI>Coun&s;el</HI> of the <HI>Marches</HI> here in <HI>England,</HI> Erected upon the <HI>&V;nion of Wales.</HI></P>
<P>The Third <HI>Question</HI> is that which many will make a great <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> of,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Further Union be&s;ides the Removing of Inconvenient and diffenting Laws and U&s;ages.</NOTE> though perhaps your Maje&s;ty will make no <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> of it; And that is, Whether your Maje&s;ty &s;hould not make a &s;top or &s;tand here, and not to proceed to any further <HI>&V;nion,</HI> contenting your &s;elf with the two former <HI>Articles</HI> or <HI>Point.</HI></P>
<P>For it will be &s;aid, That we are now well, (thanks be to God;) And your <HI>Maje&s;ty,</HI> and the <HI>State</HI> of neither <HI>King|dom</HI> is to be repented of, And that it is true which <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> &s;aith; That, <HI>Sana Corpora difficile medicationes ferunt:</HI> It is better to make Alterations in &s;ick Bodies, than in &s;ound. The <HI>Con&s;ideration</HI> of which <HI>point,</HI> will re&s;t upon the&s;e two <HI>Branches:</HI> What <HI>Inconveniencies</HI> will en&s;ue with time, if the <HI>Realms</HI> &s;tand as they are, divided, which are yet not found nor &s;prung up. For it may be the &s;weetne&s;s of your <HI>Majesties</HI> fir&s;t entrance, and the great Benefit that both <HI>Nations</HI> have &s;elt thereby, hath covered many <HI>Inconveniencies;</HI> which ne|verthele&s;s be your <HI>Majesties</HI> Government, never &s;o gracious and Politick, Continuance of time and the Accidents of time may breed and di&s;cover, if the <HI>Kingdoms</HI> &s;tand divided.</P>
<P>The &s;econd <HI>Branch</HI> is, allow no manife&s;t or important Pe|ril or <HI>Inconvenience</HI> &s;hould en&s;ue of the continuing of the <HI>King|doms</HI> divided, yet on the other Side, whether that upon fur|ther <HI>&V;niting</HI> of them, there be not like to follow that Addi|tion and encrea&s;e of Wealth and Reputation, as is worthy your <HI>Maje&s;ties</HI> Vertues and Fortune, to be the Author and Founder of, for the advancement and Exaltation of <HI>your Ma|jesties Royal Po&s;terity</HI> in time to come.</P>
<P>But admitting that your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hould proceed to this more perfect and entire <HI>&V;nion,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Points where|in the Nations &s;tand already united.</NOTE> wherein your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> may
<PB N="9" REF="5">&s;ay <HI>Majus Opus moveo,</HI> to enter into the <HI>parts</HI> and <HI>degrees</HI> thereof, I think fit fir&s;t to &s;et down as in a brief <HI>Table</HI> in what points the <HI>Nations</HI> &s;tand now at this pre&s;ent time already <HI>u|nited,</HI> and in what <HI>Points</HI> yet &s;till &s;evered and divided, that your <HI>Majesty</HI> may the better &s;ee what is done, and what is to be done; And how that which is to be done is to be infer|red upon that which is done.</P>
<P>The <HI>Points,</HI> wherein the <HI>Nations</HI> &s;tand already united are;</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>In <HI>Soveraignty.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the <HI>Relative</HI> thereof which is <HI>Subjection.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In <HI>Religion.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In <HI>Continent.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In <HI>Language.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And now la&s;tly, by the Peace by your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> concluded with <HI>Spain</HI> in <HI>Leagues</HI> and <HI>Confederacies,</HI> for now both <HI>Na|tions</HI> have the &s;ame Friends and the &s;ame Enemies.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Yet notwith&s;tanding there is none of the &s;ix points, where|in the <HI>&V;nion</HI> is perfect, and Con&s;ummate; But every of them hath &s;ome &s;cruple or rather Grain of &s;eparation en|wrapped and included in them.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Soveraignty,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Soveraignty Line Royal.</NOTE> the <HI>&V;nion</HI> is ab&s;olute in your <HI>Majesty</HI> and your <HI>Generation,</HI> but if it &s;hould &s;o be (which <HI>God</HI> of his infinite mercy defend) that your I&s;&s;ue &s;hould fail, then the de&s;cent of both <HI>Realms</HI> doth re&s;ort to the &s;everal <HI>Lines</HI> of the Several <HI>Blouds Royal.</HI></P>
<P>For <HI>Subjection,</HI> I take the Law of <HI>England</HI> to be clear,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Subjection Obedience.</NOTE> (what the Law of <HI>Scotland</HI> is I know not) That all <HI>Scotti&s;hmen</HI> from the very In&s;tant of your <HI>Maje&s;ties Reign</HI> begun, are be|come <HI>Denizons,</HI> and the <HI>Po&s;t-Nati</HI> are naturalized Subjects of <HI>England</HI> for the time forwards:
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alien Natura|lization.</NOTE> For by our <HI>Laws</HI> none can be an <HI>Alien,</HI> but he that is of another Allegiance, than our <HI>Soveraign Lord the Kings;</HI> For there be but two &s;orts of <HI>A|liens,</HI> whereof we find mention in our <HI>Law,</HI> an <HI>Alien Ami,</HI>
<PB N="10" REF="6">and an <HI>Alien Enemy,</HI> whereof the former is a <HI>Subject of State</HI> in <HI>Amity</HI> with the <HI>King,</HI> and the latter a <HI>Subject</HI> of a <HI>State in Ho&s;tility:</HI> But whether he be one o'th other, it is an E&s;&s;ential Difference unto the Definition of an <HI>Alien;</HI> if he be not of the <HI>King's Allegiance,</HI> as we &s;ee it evidently in the pre&s;ident of <HI>Ireland,</HI> who &s;ince they were <HI>Subjects</HI> to the <HI>Crown of Eng|land,</HI> have ever been Inheritable and capable as <HI>Natural Sub|jects,</HI> and yet not by any <HI>Statute</HI> or <HI>Act of Parliament,</HI> but meerly by the <HI>Common Law,</HI> and the Rea&s;on thereof. So as there is no doubt, that every <HI>Subject</HI> of <HI>Scotland,</HI> was, and is in like Plight and degree, &s;ince your <HI>Maje&s;ties</HI> coming in, as if your <HI>Majesty</HI> had granted particularly your <HI>Letters</HI> of <HI>Denization</HI> or <HI>Naturalization</HI> to every of them, and the <HI>Po&s;t Nati</HI> wholly <HI>Natural.</HI> But then on the other &s;ide, for the time Backwards, and for tho&s;e that were <HI>Anto Nati,</HI> the <HI>Bloud</HI> is not by Law naturalized, &s;o as they cannot take it by de&s;cent from their <HI>Ance&s;tors</HI> without <HI>Act</HI> of <HI>Varliament.</HI> And therefore in this <HI>Point</HI> there is a <HI>defect</HI> in the <HI>&V;nion of Subjection.</HI></P>
<P>For matter of <HI>Religion,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Religion, Church-Go|vernment</NOTE> the <HI>&V;nion</HI> is perfect in points of <HI>Doctrine,</HI> but in matter of <HI>Di&s;cipline</HI> and <HI>Government,</HI> it is imperfect.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Continent,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Continent, Borders.</NOTE> it is true, there are not natural <HI>Bounda|ries</HI> of <HI>Mountains</HI> or <HI>Seas,</HI> or <HI>Navigable Rivers,</HI> but yet there are <HI>Badges</HI> and <HI>memorials</HI> of <HI>Borders,</HI> of which point I have &s;poken before.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Language,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Language, Dialect.</NOTE> it is true, the <HI>Nations</HI> are <HI>unius Labii,</HI> and have not the fir&s;t <HI>Cur&s;e</HI> of Di&s;union, which was <HI>Confu&s;ion</HI> of <HI>Tongues,</HI> whereby one under&s;tood not another. But yet the <HI>Dialect</HI> is differing, and it remaineth a kind of Mark of Di|&s;tinction. But for that, <HI>Tempori permittendum,</HI> it is to be le&s;t to <HI>Time:</HI> For con&s;idering that both <HI>Languages</HI> do concur in the principal Office and Duty of a <HI>Language,</HI> which is to make a Mans &s;elf under&s;tood; For the re&s;t, it is rather to be accounted (as it was &s;aid) a <HI>Diver&s;ity</HI> of <HI>Dialect,</HI> than of
<PB N="11" REF="6"><HI>Language:</HI> And as I &s;aid in my fir&s;t <HI>Writing,</HI> it is like to bring forth the enriching of one <HI>Language,</HI> by compounding and taking in the proper and &s;ignificant words of either <HI>Tongue,</HI> rather than a continuance of two <HI>Languages.</HI></P>
<P>For <HI>Leagues</HI> and <HI>Confederacies;</HI> It is true,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leagues, Con|federacies, Treaties.</NOTE> that neither Nation is now in <HI>Ho&s;tility</HI> with any <HI>State,</HI> where with the other <HI>Nation</HI> is in <HI>Amity:</HI> But yet &s;o, as the <HI>Leagues</HI> and <HI>Trea|ties</HI> have been concluded with either <HI>Nation</HI> re&s;pectively, and not with both jointly; which may contain &s;ome Diver|&s;ity of <HI>Articles</HI> of &s;traitne&s;s of <HI>Amity</HI> with one more than with the other.</P>
<P>But many of the&s;e matters may perhaps be of that kind as may fall within that <HI>Rule, In ve&s;te varietas &s;it, &s;ci&s;&s;ura non &s;it.</HI></P>
<P>Now to de&s;cend to the particular <HI>Points</HI> wherein the <HI>Realms</HI> &s;tand &s;evered and divided, over and be&s;ides the for|mer &s;ix <HI>Points</HI> of <HI>Separation,</HI> which I have noted and placed as defects or Abatements of the &s;ix Points of the <HI>&V;nion,</HI> and therefore &s;hall not need to be repeated. The <HI>Points</HI> I &s;ay yet remaining I will divide into <HI>External,</HI> and into <HI>Internal.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>External Points</HI> therefore of the <HI>&s;eparation</HI> are four.
<NOTE PLACE="marg">External points of the Separation and Union.</NOTE></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1. The &s;everal <HI>Crowns,</HI> I mean the <HI>Ceremonial</HI> and <HI>Ma|terial Crowns.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>2. The &s;econd is the &s;everal <HI>Names, Stiles,</HI> or <HI>Appella|tions.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>3. The third is the &s;everal <HI>Prints</HI> of the <HI>Seals.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>4. The fourth is the &s;everal <HI>Stamps</HI> or <HI>marks</HI> of the <HI>Coins</HI> or <HI>Monies.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>It is true that the <HI>External</HI> are in &s;ome re&s;pect and Parts much mingled, and interlaced with <HI>Con&s;iderations Internal,</HI> and that they may be as effectual to the true <HI>&V;nion,</HI> which mu&s;t be the work of Time, as the <HI>Internal,</HI> becau&s;e they are operative upon the Conceits and Opinions of the <HI>People:</HI> the <HI>Uniting</HI> of who&s;e hearts and affections is the life and true <HI>End</HI> of this <HI>Work.</HI></P>
<PB N="12" REF="7">
<P>For the <HI>Ceremonial Crowns,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Ceremo|nial or Male|rial Crowns.</NOTE> the Que&s;tion will be whether there &s;hall be framed one new Imperial <HI>Crown</HI> of <HI>Britain</HI> to be u&s;ed for the times to come.</P>
<P>Al&s;o admitting that to be thought Convenient, whether in the &s;rame thereof there &s;hall not be &s;ome Reference to the <HI>Crowns</HI> of <HI>Ireland</HI> and <HI>France.</HI></P>
<P>Al&s;o whether your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hould repeat or iterate your own <HI>Coronation,</HI> and your <HI>Queons,</HI> or only ordain that &s;uch new <HI>Crown</HI> &s;hall be u&s;ed by your <HI>Posterity</HI> hereafter.</P>
<P>The <HI>Difficulties</HI> will be in the Conceit of &s;ome <HI>Inequality,</HI> whereby the <HI>Realm</HI> of <HI>Scotland</HI> may be thought to be made an Acce&s;&s;ion unto the <HI>Realm</HI> of <HI>England.</HI> But that re&s;teth in &s;ome circum&s;tances: For the <HI>Compounding</HI> of the two <HI>Crowns</HI> is equal; The <HI>Calling</HI> of the new <HI>Crown</HI> the <HI>Crown</HI> of <HI>Britain</HI> is equal. Onely the <HI>Place</HI> of <HI>Coronation,</HI> if it &s;hall be at <HI>We&s;t|min&s;ter,</HI> which is the <HI>ancient, August,</HI> and <HI>Sacred place</HI> for the <HI>Kings</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> may &s;eem to make an <HI>Inequality:</HI> And again, if the <HI>Crown</HI> of <HI>Scotland</HI> be di&s;continued, then that <HI>Ceremony</HI> which I hear is u&s;ed in the <HI>Parliament</HI> of <HI>Scotland,</HI> in the ab|&s;ence of the <HI>Kings</HI> to have the <HI>Crowns</HI> carried in &s;olemnity, mu&s;t likewi&s;e cea&s;e.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Name,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Stiles and Names</NOTE> the main Que&s;tion is, whether the <HI>Con|tradicted Name,</HI> of <HI>Britain</HI> &s;hall be by your <HI>Majesty</HI> u&s;ed, or the <HI>Divided Names</HI> of <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Scotland.</HI></P>
<P>Admitting there &s;hall be an Alteration, then the Ca&s;e will require the&s;e inferiour Que&s;tions.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, Whether the <HI>Name</HI> of <HI>Britain</HI> &s;hall not only be u&s;ed in your <HI>Majesties Stile,</HI> whether the entire <HI>Stile</HI> is re|cited, and in all other Forms the <HI>divided Names</HI> to remain, both of the <HI>Realms,</HI> and of the <HI>People;</HI> Or otherwi&s;e, that the very <HI>divided Names</HI> of <HI>Realms</HI> and <HI>People</HI> &s;hall likewi&s;e be changed or turned into &s;pecial or &s;ubdivided <HI>Names</HI> of the General <HI>Name;</HI> that is to &s;ay, for Example, Whether your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> in your <HI>Stile</HI> &s;hall denominate your Self, <HI>King</HI> of <HI>Britain, France</HI> and <HI>Ireland,</HI> &amp;c. And yet
<PB N="13" REF="7">neverthele&s;s in any <HI>Commi&s;&s;ion, Writ,</HI> or otherwi&s;e, where your <HI>Majesty</HI> mentioneth <HI>England</HI> or <HI>Scotland,</HI> you &s;hall retain the Ancient <HI>Names,</HI> as <HI>Secundum Con&s;uetudinem Reg|ni no&s;tri Angliae;</HI> or whether tho&s;e Divided <HI>Names</HI> &s;hall be for ever lo&s;t and taken away, and turned into the Sub|divi&s;ions of <HI>South-Britain,</HI> and <HI>North-Britain,</HI> and the <HI>People</HI> to be <HI>South-Britains,</HI> and <HI>North Britains,</HI> and &s;o in the Example afore&s;aid, the Tenour of the like Clau&s;e to run <HI>Secundum Con&s;uetudinem Britanniae Au&s;tralis.</HI></P>
<P>Al&s;o if the former of the&s;e &s;hall be thought convenient, whether it were not better for your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> to take that Alteration of <HI>Stile</HI> upon you by <HI>Proclamation,</HI> as <HI>Edward</HI> the <HI>Third</HI> did the <HI>Stile</HI> of <HI>France,</HI> than to have it Enacted by <HI>Parliament.</HI></P>
<P>Al&s;o in the <HI>Alteration</HI> of the <HI>Stile,</HI> whether it were not better to Tran&s;po&s;e the <HI>Kingdom</HI> of <HI>Ireland,</HI> and put it im|mediately after <HI>Britain,</HI> and &s;o place the <HI>I&s;lands</HI> together, and the <HI>Kingdom</HI> of <HI>France</HI> being upon the Continent, la&s;t, in regard that the&s;e <HI>I&s;lands</HI> of the <HI>We&s;tern Ocean</HI> &s;eem by Nature and Providence an entire <HI>Empire</HI> in them&s;elves, and al&s;o that there was never <HI>King</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> &s;o entirely po&s;&s;e&s;t of <HI>Ireland</HI> as your <HI>Majesty</HI> is; So as your Stile to run <HI>King</HI> of <HI>Britain, Ireland,</HI> and the <HI>I&s;lands Adjacent,</HI> and of <HI>France,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>The <HI>Difficulties</HI> in this, have been already throughly beaten over, but they gather but to Two <HI>Heads.</HI></P>
<P>The One, Point of <HI>Honour,</HI> and Love to the former <HI>Names.</HI></P>
<P>The other, <HI>Doubt,</HI> le&s;t the <HI>Alteration</HI> of the <HI>Name</HI> may in|duce and involve an <HI>Alteration</HI> of the <HI>Laws</HI> and <HI>Pollicies</HI> of the <HI>Kingdom;</HI> Both which, if your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hall a&s;&s;ume the <HI>Stile</HI> by <HI>Proclamation,</HI> and not by <HI>Parliament,</HI> are in them|&s;elves &s;atisfied: For then the u&s;ual <HI>Names</HI> mu&s;t needs re|main in <HI>Writs</HI> and <HI>Records,</HI> the forms whereof cannot be altered but by <HI>Act of Parliament,</HI> and &s;o the point of Honour &s;atisfied. And again, your <HI>Proclamation</HI> altereth no <HI>Law,</HI> and
<PB N="14" REF="8">&s;o the Scruple of a tacite or implyed <HI>Alteration</HI> of <HI>Laws,</HI> likewi&s;e &s;atisfied. But then it may be con&s;idered, whether it were not a <HI>Form</HI> of the greate&s;t <HI>Honour,</HI> If the <HI>Parliament,</HI> though they did not enact it, yet &s;hould become Suiters and Petitioners to your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> to a&s;&s;ume it.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Seals;</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Seals.</NOTE> that there &s;hould be but one <HI>Great Seal</HI> of <HI>Britain,</HI> and one <HI>Chancellor,</HI> and that there &s;hould onely be a <HI>Seal</HI> in <HI>Scotland</HI> for <HI>Proce&s;&s;es</HI> and <HI>ordinary Ju&s;tice;</HI> and that all <HI>Patents</HI> of Grants of <HI>Lands,</HI> or otherwi&s;e, as well in <HI>Scotland,</HI> as in <HI>England,</HI> &s;hould pa&s;s under the <HI>Great Seal</HI> here, kept about your <HI>Per&s;on;</HI> It is an <HI>Alteration internal,</HI> whereof I do not now &s;peak.</P>
<P>But the <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> in this Place is, whether the <HI>Great Seals</HI> of <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Scotland</HI> &s;hould not be changed into one and the &s;ame Form of <HI>Image</HI> and <HI>Super&s;cription</HI> of <HI>Bri|tain,</HI> which neverthele&s;s is requi&s;ite &s;hould be, with &s;ome one plain of manife&s;t Alteration, le&s;t there be a buz, and &s;u&s;pect that <HI>Grants</HI> of <HI>Things</HI> in <HI>England,</HI> may be pa&s;&s;ed by the Seal of <HI>Scotland,</HI> or <HI>e conver&s;o.</HI></P>
<P>Al&s;o,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Standards and Stamps, Moneys.</NOTE> whether this <HI>Alteration</HI> of <HI>Form,</HI> may not be done without <HI>Act of Parliament,</HI> as the <HI>Great Seals</HI> have u&s;ed to be heretofore changed as to their <HI>Impre&s;&s;ions.</HI></P>
<P>For the <HI>Moneys,</HI> as to the Real and Internal Con&s;iderati|on thereof, the <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> will be, whether your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hould not continue two <HI>Mints,</HI> (which the Di&s;tance of <HI>Territory</HI> con&s;idered) I &s;uppo&s;e will be of Nece&s;&s;ity.</P>
<P>Secondly, how the <HI>Standards</HI> (if it be not already done, as I hear &s;ome doubt made of it in popular Rumor) may be reduced into an exact proportion for the time to come; And likewi&s;e the <HI>Computation, Tale</HI> or <HI>Valuation</HI> to be made exact for the <HI>Moneys</HI> already beaten.</P>
<P>That done, the la&s;t <HI>Question</HI> is, (which is only proper to this place) whether the <HI>Stamp</HI> or the <HI>Image</HI> and <HI>Super|&s;cription</HI> of <HI>Britain,</HI> for the time forwards &s;hould not be made the &s;elf &s;ame in both places, without any difference at all.
<PB N="15" REF="8">A matter al&s;o which may be done as our <HI>Law</HI> is, by your <HI>Maje&s;ties Preragative</HI> without <HI>Act of Parliament.</HI></P>
<P>Tho&s;e <HI>Points</HI> are <HI>Points</HI> of <HI>Demon&s;tration Ad faciendum po|pulum,</HI> but &s;o much the more they go to the <HI>Root</HI> of your <HI>Maje&s;ties Intention,</HI> which is to imprint and inculcate into the Hearts and Heads of the <HI>People,</HI> that they are one <HI>People</HI> and one <HI>Nation.</HI></P>
<P>In this kind al&s;o, I have heard it pa&s;s abroad in Speech of the <HI>Erection</HI> of &s;ome <HI>new Order</HI> of <HI>Knighthood,</HI> with a Re|ference to the <HI>&V;nion,</HI> and an <HI>Oath</HI> appropriate thereunto,
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Internal Points of Uni|on.</NOTE> which is a <HI>Point</HI> likewi&s;e de&s;erveth a Con&s;ideration. So much for the <HI>External Points.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Internal Points</HI> of <HI>Separation,</HI> are as followeth.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1. Several <HI>Parliaments.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>2. Several <HI>Councels</HI> of <HI>E&s;tate.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>3. Several <HI>Officers</HI> of the <HI>Crown.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>4. Several <HI>Nobilities.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>5. Several <HI>Laws.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>6. Several <HI>Courts</HI> of <HI>Justice, Trials,</HI> and <HI>Prace&s;&s;es.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>7. Several <HI>Receipts</HI> and <HI>Finances.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>8. Several <HI>Admiralties</HI> and <HI>Merchandizings.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>9. Several <HI>Freedoms</HI> and <HI>Liberties.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>10. Several <HI>Taxes</HI> and <HI>Impo&s;ts.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>As touching the &s;everal <HI>States Eccle&s;ia&s;tical,</HI> and the &s;eve|ral <HI>Mints</HI> and <HI>Standards,</HI> and the &s;everal <HI>Articles</HI> and <HI>Trea|ties</HI> and <HI>Intercour&s;e</HI> with <HI>Forraign Nations,</HI> I touched them before.</P>
<P>In the&s;e <HI>Points</HI> of the &s;traight and more inward <HI>&V;nion,</HI> there will intervene one principal <HI>Difficulty</HI> and <HI>Impediment</HI> growing from that <HI>Root,</HI> which <HI>Ari&s;tole</HI> in his <HI>Politicks</HI> ma|keth to be the Root of all Divi&s;ion and Di&s;&s;ention in <HI>Com|mon Wealths,</HI> and that is <HI>Equality</HI> and <HI>Inequality.</HI> For the
<PB N="16" REF="9"><HI>Realm</HI> of <HI>Scotland</HI> is now an Ancient and Noble <HI>Realm,</HI> &s;ub&s;tantive of it &s;elf. But when this <HI>I&s;land</HI> &s;hall be made <HI>Britain,</HI> then <HI>Scotland</HI> is no more to be con&s;idered as <HI>Scot|land,</HI> but as a part of <HI>Britain;</HI> no more than <HI>England</HI> is to be con&s;idered as <HI>England,</HI> but as a Part likewi&s;e of <HI>Britain,</HI> and con&s;equently neither of the&s;e are to be con&s;idered as things entire of them&s;elves, but in the Proportion that they bear to the whole. And therefore let us imagine <HI>(Nam id monte po&s;&s;umus, quod actu non po&s;&s;umus</HI>) that <HI>Britain</HI> had ne|ver been divided, but had ever been one <HI>Kingdom,</HI> then the part of <HI>Soil,</HI> or <HI>Territory,</HI> which is comprehended un|der the Name of <HI>Scotland,</HI> is in quantity (as I heard it e&s;teemed, how truly I know not) not pa&s;t a Third Part of <HI>Britain;</HI> and that Part of <HI>Soil</HI> or <HI>Territory</HI> which is comprehended under the Name of <HI>England,</HI> is Two Parts of <HI>Britain,</HI> leaving to &s;peak of any Difference of <HI>Wealth</HI> or <HI>Population,</HI> and &s;peaking only of <HI>Quantity.</HI> So then if for Example <HI>Scotland</HI> &s;hould bring to <HI>Parliament</HI> as much <HI>Nobility</HI> as <HI>England,</HI> then a Third Part &s;hould countervail Two Parts; <HI>Nam &s;i inequalibus aequalia addas omnia erunt Inaequalia.</HI> And this I prote&s;t before <HI>God</HI> and your <HI>Maje&s;ty,</HI> I do &s;peak not as a Man born in <HI>England,</HI> but as a Man born in <HI>Britain.</HI> And therefore to de&s;cend to the Particulars.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Parliaments,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Parliament.</NOTE> the Con&s;ideration of that <HI>Point</HI> will fall into Four Que&s;tions.</P>
<P N="1">1. The Fir&s;t, What Proportion &s;hall be kept between the <HI>Votes of England,</HI> and the <HI>Votes of Scotland.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. The Second, Touching the <HI>Manner of Propo&s;ition,</HI> or <HI>po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing</HI> of the <HI>Parliament</HI> of Cau&s;es there to be handled; which in <HI>England</HI> is u&s;ed to be done immediately by any Member of the Parliament, or by the Prolocutor, and in <HI>Scotland</HI> is u&s;ed to be done immediately by the <HI>Lords</HI> of <HI>Articles,</HI> whereof the one Form &s;eemeth to have more <HI>Liberty,</HI> and the other more <HI>Gravity,</HI> and <HI>Maturity,</HI> and therefore the Que&s;tion will be, whether of the&s;e &s;hall
<PB N="17" REF="9">yield to other, or whether there &s;hould not be a Mixture of both, by &s;ome Commi&s;&s;ions precedent to every <HI>Parlia|ment</HI> in the Nature of <HI>Lords of the Articles,</HI> and yet not excluding the liberty of propounding in full <HI>Parliament</HI> afterwards.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Third, Touching the <HI>Orders of Parliament,</HI> how they may be compounded, and the be&s;t of either taken.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Fourth, How tho&s;e which by <HI>Inheritance</HI> or otherwi&s;e, have <HI>Offices of Honour</HI> and <HI>Ceremony</HI> in both the <HI>Parliaments,</HI> as the <HI>Lord Steward</HI> with us, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be &s;atisfied, and Duplicity accommodated.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Councels</HI> of <HI>E&s;tate,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">2 Coun&s;els of E&s;tate.</NOTE> while the <HI>Kingdoms</HI> &s;tand di|vided, it &s;hould &s;eem nece&s;&s;ary to continue &s;everal <HI>Coun|cels,</HI> but if your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hould proceed to a &s;trict <HI>&V;nion,</HI> then how&s;oever your <HI>Majesty</HI> may e&s;tabli&s;h &s;ome <HI>Provin|cial Councels</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> as there is here of <HI>York,</HI> and in the <HI>Marches</HI> of <HI>Wales,</HI> yet the Que&s;tion will be, whether it will not be more convenient for your <HI>Maje&s;ty,</HI> to have but one <HI>Privy Councel</HI> about your <HI>Per&s;on,</HI> whereof the <HI>Principal Officers</HI> of the <HI>Crown</HI> of <HI>Scotland</HI> to be for <HI>Dignity</HI> &s;ake, how&s;oever their abiding and remaining may be as your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hall imploy their Service. But this Point belongeth meerly and wholly to your <HI>Maje&s;ties</HI> Royal Will and Plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Officers</HI> of the <HI>Crown,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">3. Officers of the Crown.</NOTE> the Con&s;ideration thereof will fall into the&s;e Que&s;tions.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, In regard of the <HI>Latitude</HI> of your <HI>Kingdom,</HI> and the <HI>Di&s;tance</HI> of <HI>Place,</HI> whether it will not be matter of nece&s;&s;ity to continue the &s;everal <HI>Officers,</HI> becau&s;e of the <HI>Impo&s;&s;ibility</HI> for the Service to be performed by one.</P>
<P>The Second, Admitting the <HI>Duplicity</HI> of <HI>Officers</HI> &s;hould be continued, yet whether there &s;hould not be a difference that one &s;hould be the <HI>Principal Officer,</HI> and the other to be but Special and &s;ubaltern: As for example, one to be <HI>Chancellor</HI> of <HI>Britain,</HI> and the other to be <HI>Chancellor</HI>
<PB N="18" REF="10">with &s;ome &s;pecial Addition, as here of the <HI>Dutchy,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>The Third, If no &s;uch Speciality or Inferiority be thought fit, then whether both <HI>Officers</HI> &s;hould not have the <HI>Title</HI> and the <HI>Name</HI> of the whole <HI>I&s;land</HI> and <HI>Precincts:</HI> As the <HI>Lord Chancellor</HI> of <HI>England</HI> to be <HI>Lord Chancellor of Britain;</HI> And the <HI>Lord Chancellor of Scotland,</HI> to be <HI>Lord Chancellor of Britain,</HI> but with &s;everal Provi&s;o's, that they &s;hall not intromit them&s;elves, but within their &s;everal Precincts.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Nobilities,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">4 Nobilities.</NOTE> the Con&s;ideration thereof will fall into the&s;e Que&s;tions.</P>
<P>The Fir&s;t of their <HI>Votes in Parliament,</HI> (which was touched before) what Proportion they &s;hall bear to the <HI>Nobility of England,</HI> wherein if the Proportion which &s;hall be thought fit, be not full, yet your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> may out of your Prerogative &s;upply it; for although you cannot make fewer of <HI>Scotland,</HI> yet you may make more of <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>The Second is touching the <HI>Place,</HI> and <HI>Precedence</HI> where|in to Mar&s;hal them according to the <HI>Precedence</HI> of <HI>England</HI> in your <HI>Maje&s;ties Stile,</HI> and according to the <HI>Nobility</HI> of <HI>Ireland;</HI> that is, all <HI>Engli&s;h Earls first,</HI> and then <HI>Scotti&s;h</HI> will be thought unequal for <HI>Scotland.</HI> To Mar&s;hal them according to <HI>Antiquity,</HI> will be thought unequal for <HI>England.</HI> Becau&s;e I hear the <HI>Nobility</HI> is generally more Ancient: And therefore the Que&s;tion will be, Whether the indiffe|rente&s;t way were not to take them interchangeably: As for Example, Fir&s;t, the Ancient <HI>Earl of England;</HI> and then the Ancient <HI>Earl of Scotland,</HI> and &s;o <HI>Alternis Vicibus.</HI></P>
<P>For the <HI>Laws,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">5. Laws.</NOTE> to make an entire and perfect <HI>&V;nion,</HI> it is a matter of great difficulty and length, both in the <HI>Colle|cting</HI> of them, and in the Pa&s;&s;ing of them. For Fir&s;t, as to the <HI>Collecting</HI> of them, there mu&s;t be made by the <HI>Law|yers</HI> of either <HI>Nation,</HI> a <HI>Dige&s;t,</HI> under <HI>Titles</HI> of their &s;everal <HI>Laws</HI> and <HI>Cu&s;toms,</HI> as well <HI>Common Laws,</HI> as <HI>Statutes,</HI> that they may be <HI>Collated</HI> and <HI>Compared,</HI> and that the <HI>Diver&s;i|ties</HI>
<PB N="19" REF="10">may appear, and be di&s;cerned of. And for the <HI>Pa&s;|&s;ing</HI> of them, we &s;ee by experience, that <HI>Patrius mos</HI> is dear to all Men, and that Men are bred and nouri&s;hed up in the Love of it, and therefore how har&s;h <HI>Changes</HI> and <HI>In|novations</HI> are. And we &s;ee likewi&s;e what Di&s;putation and Argument the <HI>Alteration</HI> of &s;ome one <HI>Law</HI> doth cau&s;e and bring forth, how much more the Alteration of the whole <HI>Corps</HI> of the <HI>Law?</HI> Therefore the fir&s;t <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> will be, Whe|ther it be not good to proceed by Parts, and to take that that is mo&s;t nece&s;&s;ary, and leave the re&s;t to Time? The Parts therefore, or Subject of <HI>Laws,</HI> are for this Purpo&s;e fitlie&s;t di|&s;tributed, according to that ordinary <HI>Divi&s;ion</HI> of <HI>Criminal</HI> and <HI>Civil,</HI> and tho&s;e of <HI>Criminal Cau&s;es,</HI> into <HI>Capital</HI> and <HI>Penal.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;econd <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> therefore is, allowing the General <HI>&V;nion</HI> of <HI>Laws</HI> to be too great a Work to embrace, whether it were not convenient that <HI>Ca&s;es Capital</HI> were the &s;ame in both <HI>Nations,</HI> I &s;ay the <HI>Ca&s;es,</HI> I do not &s;peak of the <HI>Proceed|ings</HI> or <HI>Trials;</HI> That is to &s;ay, whether the &s;ame <HI>Offences</HI> were not fit to be made <HI>Trea&s;on</HI> or <HI>Felony</HI> in both places?</P>
<P>The third <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> is, whether <HI>Ca&s;es Penal,</HI> though not <HI>Capital,</HI> yet if they concern the <HI>Publick State,</HI> or otherwi&s;e the <HI>Di&s;cipline</HI> of <HI>Manners,</HI> were not fit likewi&s;e to be brought into one <HI>Degree,</HI> as the <HI>Ca&s;e</HI> of <HI>Mi&s;pri&s;ion</HI> of <HI>Trea&s;on,</HI> The <HI>Ca&s;e</HI> of <HI>Premunire,</HI> the <HI>Ca&s;e</HI> of <HI>Pugitives,</HI> the <HI>Ca&s;e</HI> of <HI>Ince&s;t,</HI> the <HI>Ca&s;e</HI> of <HI>Simony,</HI> and the re&s;t.</P>
<P>But the <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> that is more urgent than any of the&s;e, is, whether there <HI>Ca&s;es,</HI> at the lea&s;t, be they of a higher or infe|riour degree, wherein the <HI>Fact</HI> committed, or <HI>Act done</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> may prejudice the <HI>State</HI> and <HI>Subjects</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> or <HI>e conver&s;o,</HI> are not to be reduced into one <HI>&V;niformity,</HI> of <HI>Law</HI> and <HI>puni&s;hment;</HI> as for example, a Perjury committed in a <HI>Court</HI> of <HI>Ju&s;tice</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> cannot be prejudicial in <HI>Eng|land,</HI> becau&s;e <HI>Depo&s;itions</HI> taken in <HI>Scotland,</HI> cannot be pro|duced and u&s;ed here in <HI>England.</HI> But a <HI>Forgery</HI> of a <HI>Deed</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> I mean with a fal&s;e <HI>Date</HI> of <HI>England</HI> may be u&s;ed
<PB N="20" REF="11">and given in Evidence in <HI>England.</HI> So likewi&s;e the depo|pulating of a <HI>Town</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> doth not directly prejudice the <HI>State</HI> of <HI>England:</HI> But if an <HI>Engli&s;h Merchant</HI> &s;hall carry Silver and <HI>Gold</HI> into <HI>Scotland</HI> (as he may) and thence tran|&s;port it into forraign parts, this prejudiceth the <HI>State</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> and may be an Eva&s;ion to all the <HI>Laws</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> ordained in that <HI>Ca&s;e:</HI> And therefore had need to be bridled with as &s;evere a <HI>Law</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> as is here in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>Of this kind there are many <HI>Laws.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Law</HI> of the 50th. of <HI>Rich.</HI> the 2. of going over with|out licence, if there be not the like <HI>Law</HI> in <HI>Scotland</HI> will be fru&s;trated and evaded: For any <HI>Subject</HI> of <HI>England</HI> may go fir&s;t into <HI>Scotland,</HI> and thence into forraign parts.</P>
<P>So the <HI>Laws</HI> prohibiting Tran&s;portation of &s;undry <HI>Com|modities,</HI> as <HI>Gold,</HI> and <HI>Silver, Ordnance, Artillery, Corn,</HI> &amp;c. if there be not a Corre&s;pondence of <HI>Laws</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> will in like manner be deluded and fru&s;trate: For any <HI>Engli&s;h Merchant</HI> or <HI>Subject</HI> may carry &s;uch <HI>Commodities</HI> fir&s;t in|to <HI>Scotland,</HI> as well as he may carry them from Port to Port in <HI>England.</HI> And out of <HI>Scotland</HI> into Forraign Parts, without any peril of <HI>Law.</HI></P>
<P>So <HI>Libels</HI> may be devi&s;ed and written in <HI>Scotland,</HI> and publi&s;hed and &s;cattered in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Trea&s;ons</HI> may be plotted in <HI>Scotland</HI> and executed in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>And &s;o in many other <HI>Ca&s;es,</HI> if there be not the like Se|verity of <HI>Law</HI> in <HI>Scotland,</HI> to re&s;train <HI>Offences,</HI> that there is in <HI>England;</HI> (whereof we are here ignorant whether there be or no) It will be a Gap or &s;top even for <HI>Engli&s;h Subjects</HI> to e&s;cape and avoid the <HI>Laws</HI> of <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>But for <HI>Trea&s;ons</HI> the be&s;t is that by the <HI>Statute</HI> of 26. K. <HI>Hen.</HI> the 8. <HI>Cap.</HI> 13. any <HI>Trea&s;on</HI> committed in <HI>Scot|land,</HI> may be proceeded with in <HI>England</HI> as well as <HI>Trea&s;ons</HI> committed in <HI>France, Rome,</HI> or el&s;ewhere.</P>
<PB N="21" REF="11">
<P>For <HI>Courts</HI> of <HI>Ju&s;tice, Trials, Proce&s;s,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">6 Courts of Ju&s;tice, and Admini&s;trati|on of Laws.</NOTE> and other <HI>Admi|ni&s;tration</HI> of <HI>Laws,</HI> to make any <HI>Alteration</HI> in either <HI>Na|tion,</HI> it will be a Thing &s;o new and unwonted to either <HI>People;</HI> That it may be doubted it will make the <HI>Admi|ni&s;tration</HI> of <HI>Ju&s;tice,</HI> (Which of all other Things ought to be known, and certain as the beaten way) to become in|tricate and uncertain: And be&s;ides, I do not &s;ee that the Severalty of <HI>Admini&s;tration</HI> of <HI>Ju&s;tice,</HI> though it be by <HI>Court Soveraign</HI> of <HI>la&s;t re&s;ort;</HI> (mean without <HI>Appeal,</HI> or <HI>Errour,</HI>) is any Impediment at all to the <HI>&V;nion</HI> of a <HI>King|dom:</HI> As we &s;ee by Experience, in the &s;everal <HI>Courts</HI> of <HI>Parliament,</HI> in the <HI>Kingdom</HI> of <HI>France:</HI> And I have been always of Opinion, that the <HI>Subjects</HI> of <HI>England</HI> do alrea|dy fetch <HI>Ju&s;tice</HI> &s;omewhat far off, more than in any <HI>Na|tion</HI> that I know, the largene&s;s of the <HI>Kingdom</HI> con&s;idered, though it be holpen in &s;ome part by the <HI>Circuits</HI> of the <HI>Judges;</HI> And the two <HI>Councels</HI> at <HI>York,</HI> and the <HI>Marches</HI> of <HI>Wales</HI> e&s;tabli&s;hed.</P>
<P>But it may be a <HI>Que&s;tion,</HI> whether as <HI>Commune Vinculum,</HI> of the <HI>Ju&s;tice</HI> of both <HI>Nations;</HI> your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> &s;hould not erect &s;ome <HI>Court</HI> about your <HI>per&s;on</HI> in the Nature of the <HI>Grand Councel</HI> of <HI>France:</HI> To which <HI>Court</HI> you might by way of <HI>Evocation</HI> draw Cau&s;es from the ordinary <HI>Judges</HI> of both <HI>Nations;</HI> For &s;o doth the French King from all the <HI>Courts</HI> of <HI>Parliament</HI> in <HI>France;</HI> many of which are more remote from <HI>Paris</HI> than any part of <HI>Scotland</HI> is from <HI>Lon|don.</HI></P>
<P>For <HI>Receipts</HI> and <HI>Finances,</HI> I &s;ee no <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> will ari&s;e;
<NOTE PLACE="marg">7 Receits, Fi|nances, and Patrimonies of the Crown.</NOTE> In regard it will be Matter of Nece&s;&s;ity to e&s;tabli&s;h in <HI>Scot|land,</HI> a <HI>Receit</HI> of <HI>Trea&s;ure,</HI> for <HI>Payments,</HI> and Erogations to be made in tho&s;e parts: And for the <HI>Trea&s;ure</HI> of <HI>Spare,</HI> in either <HI>Receipts</HI> the <HI>Customs</HI> thereof may well be &s;eve|ral; con&s;idering by your <HI>Maje&s;ties Commandment,</HI> they may be at all times removed, or di&s;po&s;ed according to your <HI>Maje&s;ties Occa&s;ions.</HI></P>
<PB N="22" REF="12">
<P>For the <HI>Patrimonies</HI> of both <HI>Crowns,</HI> I &s;ee no Que&s;tion will ari&s;e; Except your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> would be plea&s;ed to make one compounded <HI>Annexation,</HI> for an In&s;eparable <HI>Patrimony</HI> to the <HI>Crown</HI> out of the <HI>Lands</HI> of both <HI>Nations;</HI> And &s;o the like for the <HI>Principality</HI> of <HI>Britain,</HI> and for other <HI>Appennages,</HI> of the re&s;t of your <HI>Children;</HI> Erecting likewi&s;e &s;uch <HI>Dutchies</HI> and <HI>Honours</HI> compounded of the Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions of both <HI>Nati|ons,</HI> as &s;hall be thought fit.</P>
<P>For <HI>Admiralty</HI> or <HI>Navy,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">8 Admiralty, Navy, and Merchandi|zing.</NOTE> I &s;ee no great Que&s;tion will a|ri&s;e: For I &s;ee no Inconvenience for your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> to con|tinue <HI>Shipping</HI> in <HI>Scotland.</HI> And for the <HI>Juri&s;dictions</HI> of the <HI>Admiralities,</HI> and the Profit, and Ca&s;ualties of them, they will be re&s;pective unto the <HI>Coa&s;ts,</HI> over again&s;t which the Seas lye, and are &s;ituated; As it is here with the <HI>Ad|miralties</HI> of <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>And for <HI>Merchandizing,</HI> it may be a Que&s;tion, whether that the <HI>Companies</HI> of the <HI>Merchant Adventurers,</HI> of the <HI>Turkie Merchants</HI> and the <HI>Mu&s;covy Merchants,</HI> (if they &s;hall be continued,) &s;hould not be compounded of <HI>Mer|chants</HI> of both <HI>Nations, Engli&s;h</HI> and <HI>Scotti&s;h.</HI> For to leave <HI>Trade</HI> free in the one <HI>Nation,</HI> and to have it re&s;trained in the other, may perca&s;e breed &s;ome <HI>Inconveniency.</HI></P>
<P>For <HI>Freedoms</HI> and <HI>Liberties</HI> the <HI>Charters</HI> of both <HI>Nati|ons</HI> may be vevived:
<NOTE PLACE="marg">9 Freedom and Libertie.</NOTE> And of &s;uch <HI>Liberties</HI> as are agreea|ble, and convenient for the <HI>Subjects,</HI> and <HI>People</HI> of both <HI>Nations,</HI> one <HI>Great Charter</HI> may be made, and confirmed to the <HI>Subjects</HI> of <HI>Britain;</HI> And tho&s;e <HI>Liberties</HI> which are pe|culiar or proper to either <HI>Nation,</HI> to &s;tand in State as they do.</P>
<P>But for <HI>Impo&s;ts</HI> and <HI>Cu&s;toms,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">10. Taxes and Impo&s;ts.</NOTE> it will be a great <HI>Question</HI> how to accomodate them, and reconcile them: For if they be much ea&s;ier in <HI>Scotland</HI> than they be here in <HI>England,</HI> (which is a Thing I know not) then this Inconvenience will follow; That the <HI>Merchants</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> may unlade in the <HI>Ports</HI> of <HI>Scotland;</HI> and this <HI>Kingdom</HI> to be &s;erved from
<PB N="23" REF="12">thence, and your <HI>Maje&s;ties Cu&s;toms</HI> abated.</P>
<P>And for the Que&s;tion, whether the <HI>Scotti&s;h Merchants</HI> &s;hould pay <HI>Strangers Custom</HI> in <HI>England,</HI> that re&s;teth upon the <HI>Point</HI> of <HI>Naturalization,</HI> which I touched before.</P>
<P>Thus have I made your <HI>Majesty</HI> a brief and naked <HI>Me|morial</HI> of the <HI>Articles</HI> and <HI>Points</HI> of this great <HI>Cau&s;e,</HI> which may &s;erve only to excite and &s;tir up your <HI>Maje&s;ties Royal Judgment,</HI> and the <HI>Judgment of Wi&s;er Men,</HI> whom you will be plea&s;ed to call to it: Wherein I will not pre&s;ume to per&s;wade or di&s;&s;wade any thing; Nor to interpo&s;e my own Opinion; But do expect Light from your <HI>Majesties Royal Directions,</HI> unto the which I &s;hall ever &s;ubmit my <HI>Judgment,</HI> and apply my <HI>Travail:</HI> And I mo&s;t humbly pray your <HI>Maje&s;ty</HI> in this which is done to pardon my Er|rors, and to cover them with my good Intention and Mean|ing, and De&s;ire I have to do your <HI>Majesty Service,</HI> and to acquit the Tru&s;t that was repo&s;ed in me, and chiefly in your <HI>Maje&s;ties</HI> benign and gracious Acceptation.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
