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<DATE>2008-10-15</DATE>
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<NAME>John Pas</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<VID>166420</VID>
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<P>A DESIGNE FOR <HI>PLENTIE,</HI> By an Vniver&s;all Planting of FRVIT-TREES: Tendred by &s;ome Wel-wi&s;hers to the Publick.</P>
<Q><BIBL><HI>GEN. 1.20.</HI></BIBL>
<P>And God &s;aid, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing &s;eed which is upon the face of the earth and every <HI>Tree</HI> in the which is the fruit of a <HI>Tree</HI> yielding &s;eed, to you it &s;hall be for meat.</P></Q>
<P>LONDON, Printed for <HI>Richard Wodenothe</HI> in Leaden-hall &s;treet, over again&s;t Leaden-hall.</P>
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<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
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<HEAD>To the READER.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Courteous and Ingenuous Reader,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>_IN the publication of this &s;mall Treati&s;e; it is ju&s;t that every one &s;hould have his due.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, Gods goodne&s;&s;e is to be prai&s;ed, who having indued man with knowledge above the bea&s;ts of the field, and put all things under his feet,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>E&s;a.</HI> 28.26, 27, 28.</NOTE> he doth in a more &s;peciall manner (as the Pro+phet &s;aith) in&s;truct the Husbandman to di&s;cretion, and doth teach him how to order his affairs for the be&s;t advantage of Humane Societies.</P>
<P>Secondly, his Providence is to be acknowledged in bringing things to light, which without his good hand would have been lo&s;t and lien in darkne&s;&s;e, as this Di&s;|cour&s;e would have been, if he had not &s;tirred up &s;ome favourable In&s;truments to pre&s;erve it, and bring it un|to my hand to be publi&s;hed for the Common good.</P>
<P>Thirdly, the In&s;truments whom he hath employed both to bring forth this birth into the World, and to pre&s;erve it after it was brought forth, de&s;erve &s;ome commendation. He that was made In&s;trumentall to bring it forth into the World, is not yet known unto
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me: for although I have endeavoured by a diligent &s;earch to finde out his name, yet I have not been able to compa&s;&s;e the matter: onely this I have been told, that the Author of this De&s;igne was an aged Mini&s;ter of the Go&s;pel, who for the &s;pace of many years had for his own recreation, and that he might be &s;ervicea|ble al&s;o to others experimented this part of Husbandry which at la&s;t he re&s;olved by this Treati&s;e to make pub|lick, but was by death prevented; the place of his a|bode being &s;aid to be <HI>Loving-land</HI> neer <HI>Yarmouth.</HI> He who did pre&s;erve it from being lo&s;t, and gave it to a friend of mine, is the Honourable Collonel <HI>John Bark&s;tead,</HI> the pre&s;ent Lieutenant of the Tower, a Gentleman whom I know not, but &s;uch as know him do give him this Character, that he is of a very pub|lick and ingenuous Spirit; in his Military Relations, exceeding active and circum&s;pect; zealous for Ju&s;tice and good Order, to repre&s;&s;e the licentiou&s;ne&s;&s;e of the times; and one who being capable of publick thoughts and generous cares, is willing freely to communicate and impart the &s;ame to all that can reap any benefit thereby. As for my &s;elf, I claim nothing but the con|tentment to be the Publi&s;her thereof, that I may be In&s;trumentall to advance the comforts of many there|by, and &s;o help forward the Authors hone&s;t De&s;igne; and I am the more willing to divulge this brief Tract upon this Subject, becau&s;e it will &s;erve as a fore-run|ner to a larger Volume of Fruit-trees, which an expe|rienced friend of mine, Mr. <HI>Ralph Au&s;tin</HI> hath in a rea|dine&s;&s;e to put forth at <HI>Oxford.</HI> Such as have peru&s;ed Mr. <HI>Blithe's</HI> Improver improved (a Book worth the reading by all that apply them&s;elves to Husbandry) in
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the &s;econd Part, <HI>Chapter</HI> 43. towards the latter end, will meet with a promi&s;e made concerning this Trea|ti&s;e of Ma&s;ter <HI>Au&s;tin</HI>'s, which now he is putting to the Pre&s;&s;e, as by his own Letter written in <HI>November</HI> la&s;t 1652 he doth informe me: therefore I intend in this Preface and by this Treati&s;e, as by a &s;mall ta&s;te of &s;o good a matter, both to rai&s;e thine appetite and quicken thy de&s;ire to &s;ee that larger Work, and to &s;tay thy &s;tomack a little till it come forth, in hope, that when God &s;hall have furni&s;hed this Wi&s;e and Noble Nation with all the&s;e and many other means of Plenty we &s;hall then be all inclined to beat out &s;words into Plough-&s;hares, and our &s;pears into pruning-hooks,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>See another di&s;|cour&s;e lately pub|li&s;hed by a wor|thy and &s;peciall friend of mine, called,</HI> Bread for the Poor, &amp; Advancement of the Engli&s;h Nation, promi|&s;ed by Enclo|&s;ure of the Wa&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">s and Common Ground of <HI>England.</HI></NOTE> and that by a happy Union of <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Scotland,</HI> and the peaceable &s;ettlement of the affections of all people under the pre&s;ent Government, we &s;hall live as Bre|thren, and &s;tudy by the wayes of Common Indu&s;try to &s;trengthen the hands of tho&s;e that bear Rule over us, and are &s;et for our defence; who&s;e burthen, al|though it be extraordinary great, yet by the good hand of God upon us, it will be greatly ea&s;ed and le&s;|&s;ened, when all hands &s;hall &s;uffer them&s;elves to be &s;et a work, and the earth yield her increa&s;e. For certain|ly the pre&s;ent con&s;titution of the Nation (if we become not &s;o fatally and more then bruti&s;hly mi&s;erable, as to &s;tudy continually one anothers ruine) is not in &s;o weak and dangerous a condition, as it was in Queen <HI>Eliza|beth</HI>'s dayes when &s;he came fir&s;t to the Crown. For then as Bi&s;hop <HI>Carleton</HI> de&s;cribes it, the &s;tate of affairs was far otherwi&s;e then now it is,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Chap.</HI> 1. <HI>pag:</HI> 3.</NOTE> as appears by his own words in his Book (called a Thankfull Remembrance of Gods Mercy) where he writes as followeth.</P>
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<P><HI>She [Queene</HI> Elizabeth] <HI>did not &s;erve God in vain. For it is a thing to be wondered at, that the land being</HI> <NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">That is, when &s;he came fir&s;t to the Crown.</NOTE> then <HI>without &s;trength, without Forces, without Soul|diers, yea, without Armour; all things nece&s;&s;ary &s;hould be &s;o &s;uddenly furni&s;hed. She had provided Armour at Ant|werp, but King</HI> Philip <HI>cau&s;ed that to be &s;tayed. Yet was &s;he not di&s;couraged, but laid out much money upon Armour though &s;he found the Trea&s;ury but poore. She procured Armour and Weapons out of Germany. She cau&s;ed many great Guns to be ca&s;t of Bra&s;&s;e and Iron. And Gods provi|dence and favour appeared in her protection. For</HI> new mines of Bra&s;&s;e <HI>were found at Ke&s;wike, that had long bin neglected. From whence there was not onely &s;uffici|ent matter to &s;upply her wants, but abundance thereof to be tran&s;ported to other Countreys. The &s;tone called</HI> Lapis Calaminaris, <HI>who&s;e u&s;e is needfull for working in Bra&s;&s;e, was al&s;o at the &s;ame time fir&s;t found in England. There was provi&s;ion made at home al&s;o for the making of Gun-powder. Which was done fir&s;t here by her commandement: For before, it was bought and imported.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Berwick before her time, was weak and had but 500 Souldiers: She fortified the town, made the new inner wall and increa&s;ed the number of Souldiers and their &s;tipends, that provi&s;ion might be made for the training up of expe|rienced Souldiers and martiall men. She provided a Navy, the be&s;t furni&s;hed that ever England &s;aw. Neither needed &s;he to do as her Father &amp; Ance&s;tours were wont to do, when they wanted Ships, to &s;end for Ships and hire them from Hamburg, Lubeck, Danti&s;k, Genua and Venice; for &s;he had them readie at home to &s;erve her. Yea all the good Townes upon the Sea-coa&s;t, beholding this incredible ala|crity and forwardne&s;&s; in their Prince, &s;trived al&s;o to imi|tate
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the &s;ame, and therefore with great cheerefullne&s;&s;e and readine&s;&s;e built Ships for warre. So that in a &s;hort time, the Queenes Ships and tho&s;e of the &s;ubjects joyned toge|ther, ro&s;e to &s;uch a number, that they were able to im|ploy twenty thou&s;and men in &s;ea-fight at once. The Noble|men, the Gentlemen and Yeomen, did all &s;trive to an&s;wer &s;o noble a re&s;olution of their Prince. And therefore great &s;tore of Armour and Weapons were every where provi|ded. And brave &s;pirits were bred and inabled to &s;ervice, whereby they became an helpe and Ornament to their Countrey; &s;o that Queene</HI> Elizabeth <HI>was quickly growne &s;o &s;trong, that all her Adver&s;aries were not able to hurt her. And was not this a great work of God, that &s;o weak a Woman &s;hould be able to defend her &s;elfe again&s;t &s;o many, &s;o potent enemies? Yea, and not onely to match them, but to ma&s;ter them? This was Gods doing,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>This Remembrance of her condition, and of Gods wonderfull pre&s;ervation of this Nation at that time, &s;hould not onely encourage us to hope &s;till in his mer|cy, whereof we have as great experience hitherto as ever &s;he had, but al&s;o direct us to the performance of the duties fitting us for the continuance of &s;uch mer|cies towards us. For as then all the neighbours of this Nation were either open enemies or uncertain friends, &s;o it now may fall out again in this juncture of time, that we &s;hall finde none abroad cordially to appear for us; but if we be found faithfull to one another at home in minding the intere&s;t of the Go&s;pel, in &s;eeking Peace and Truth, in &s;etling Judgement, in repre&s;&s;ing the enormous &s;candals which are broken forth, and in advancing all manner of Indu&s;trie, we may expect
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the &s;ame &s;ucce&s;&s;e which that ble&s;&s;ed Queen had, and a greater Harve&s;t of Spirituall and Temporall Ble&s;|&s;ings then ever yet this Nation hath received. Which that We may live to &s;ee, I &s;hall not cea&s;e to pray, and in praying with the be&s;t and utmo&s;t of my endea|vours to approve my &s;elfe,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Thine and the Publiques mo&s;t faithfull Servant,</HI> SAMUEL HARTLIB.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
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<HEAD>A DESIGNE FOR <HI>PLENTIE.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_AS Plenty oft-times is the producer of Pride, Pride the root of Envy, Envy the mother of Contention, Contention the &s;pring of War: &s;o is War the cau&s;e of Poverty and Poverty brings forth Famine, and where Famine rageth mu&s;t needs follow inevitable de&s;truction. It is greatly to be wi&s;hed, and as a ble&s;&s;ing from God to be de&s;ired; that all men would as wi&s;ely, and con&s;cionably e&s;chew and &s;hun the <HI>Climax,</HI> and wayes to de&s;truction as they &s;eem warily and carefully to fly de&s;truction it &s;elf, when it pre&s;&s;eth
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upon them. But (ala&s;s) &s;uch is the wickedne&s;s and blind|nes of mans heart, that he is de&s;peratly &s;et on to follow that way, which will at la&s;t winde him into mo&s;t certain de&s;truction: And &s;o be, that men may attein their own private intere&s;t and end, they never con&s;ider the ulti|mate and woful end and conclu&s;ion of their wayes and actions.</P>
<Q><L><NOTE PLACE="marg">Quicquid agas, prudenter agas; &amp; re&s;pice finem.</NOTE>But he that's wi&s;e, his practicks &s;o intends,</L>
<L>That he may levell Actions to their ends.</L></Q>
<P>The con&s;ideration of which thing (as it too &s;adly may be appliable unto this Nation, and the Inhabi|tants thereof, by rea&s;on of this late inte&s;tine, and un|naturall War) hath moved us, to prepare what <HI>Cata|pla&s;me</HI> we can again&s;t the inevitable Malady, which a long &amp; continued war threateneth (if not already begin|neth) to bring upon us, that is to &s;ay; A generall Fa|mine and want of all nece&s;&s;ary things for the &s;upport and &s;u&s;tentation of life: the which we may al&s;o feare the rather, by rea&s;on of the un&s;ea&s;onable weather for Seed-time and Harve&s;t, with the un&s;peakable morta|lity of Cattel in many places, which hath declared, and evidenced no &s;mall di&s;plea&s;ure of God again&s;t us, and threateneth us with mo&s;t certain famine: be&s;ides the want of trade, traffique, and imployment both by land and by &s;ea; together with the daily lo&s;&s;es by &s;ea, and expen&s;es of provi&s;ions by land, are no meane ingredi|ents in this threatened, &amp; approaching mi&s;erie. What more may be ob&s;erved, al&s;o from the di&s;couragements of men in their husbandry, and making improvement for plenty (as not knowing either for whom they la|bour, or who they are that may reap their labours, or what them&s;elves &s;hall enjoy) may &s;trongly imprint a feare of famine. Now as in a time of famine it were
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too unchri&s;tian-like to hide our &s;elves from our own fle&s;h, and to deny relief (as God lendeth us) to &s;uch as want it: &s;o were it too &s;elfi&s;h for any not to labour to prevent famine; and to hide them&s;elves, and their ad|vice (which God hath granted them) from a publique Good: It being counted no le&s;s &s;in by God,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ezeck. 16.49.</NOTE> <HI>Not to &s;trengthen the hands of the needy,</HI> then not to fill their hands with benefits, and &s;upplies.</P>
<P>For which cau&s;e we have thought it our dutie to pre&s;ent an A&s;&s;ay of Plenty, which we call <HI>(A De&s;igne or Project for Plenty)</HI> yet not a project of any private ad|vantage to us; but of publique good and plenty unto this Nation; if &s;o be it may be enlivened and nouri&s;hed by Authority and Law:<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Cambden. Brit.</HI> As in <HI>Gloce&s;t,</HI> and <HI>Worce&s;t,</HI> &s;hires, &amp;c. In <HI>Kent</HI> about <HI>Fever&s;ham,</HI> where by the indu&s;try and example of <HI>Ri|chard Harris</HI> Fruterer to K. <HI>Hen.</HI> the eighth 30 Towns are planted to their ine&s;timable benefit.</NOTE> Otherwi&s;e we &s;hall but term it <HI>(The Embrio of Plenty, and the untimely Birth of good De&s;ires)</HI> which had it come to perfection, might have yielded both plea&s;ure and profit to many. And &s;uch a <HI>Project</HI> al&s;o it is, as is not without experience both in our own, and other Nations; nor yet without good Rea&s;ons to &s;peak for it; whereof we &s;hall de&s;ire to make all rationall men partakers. For
<Q><L>With men of Rea&s;on, Rea&s;ons will take place,</L>
<L>But nought can get from fools but ba&s;e di&s;grace.</L></Q></P>
<P>Moreover, when we <HI>Con&s;ider</HI> (be&s;ides the nece&s;&s;itie, as afore&s;aid) the <HI>Accomodation</HI> this Nation affordeth for &s;uch a <HI>De&s;igne,</HI> the <HI>Po&s;sibility</HI> and <HI>Facility</HI> to effect it: And yet the <HI>Sluggi&s;hne&s;&s;e</HI> of mo&s;t in our Nation, who perhaps would be glad to have plenty in their families: Yet care not to take pains, or to be at any co&s;t to effect it.</P>
<Q><L>Like to the Cat, who fi&s;h would gladly eat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Catus vult pi&s;|cem, &s;ed non vult tangere lympham.</NOTE></L>
<L>But yet her foot in water will not weat.</L></Q>
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<P>We are incouraged the rather to make our <HI>Demon|&s;tration</HI> thereof, adding therewithall our <HI>Rea&s;ons,</HI> and an&s;wering &s;uch <HI>Objections</HI> as may po&s;&s;ible lie again&s;t it.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> Fir&s;t therefore, we do conceive that it will make much for the benefit and publike relief of this whole Nation. And for the prevention of famine in time to come (through the ble&s;&s;ing of God) if there were a <HI>Law</HI> made, and put in force by Authority for a gene|rall and univer&s;all <HI>Plantation</HI> of &s;uch whole&s;ome fruit (according to proportion) as might be for the relief of the poor, the benefit of the rich, and the delight of all.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> The fruits we conceive mo&s;t <HI>whole&s;ome, beneficiall</HI> and <HI>&s;uitable</HI> for our Climate, are the <HI>Apple, Peare, Walnut</HI> and <HI>Quince.</HI></P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> The <HI>Proportion</HI> to be ordeined; that every five pounds <HI>per annum</HI> of plantable land, as well field as enclo&s;ure, being in private occupation, (except Cities, Towns incorporate, and &s;uch Towns where the rents are rai&s;ed onely of the hou&s;es without lands) &s;hall plant and pre&s;erve 20 fruit-trees of <HI>Apple, Peare, Walnut,</HI> or <HI>Quince:</HI> and 10 li. <HI>per annum,</HI> 40; and 15 li. <HI>per an|num,</HI> 60; and 20 li. <HI>per annum,</HI> 80 trees; and &s;o in proportion.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> That there may be a certain limited time &s;et, that the afore&s;aid <HI>proportion</HI> according to every mans occu|pation, may be perfected, with a penalty to be inflict|ed for the neglect; and that every year may be pro|portioned in order to the whole with a penalty like|wi&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="5"> That in every Town there may be ordeined two Officers (called <HI>Fruterers</HI> or <HI>Woodwards,</HI> or &s;uch like
<PB N="5" REF="7">
name) &s;pecially to be cho&s;en every year, and authori|zed, to &s;ee the &s;aid proportions to be planted and care|fully pre&s;erved. And to have power to levie the pe|nalties upon the defaulters; and to employ the &s;ame to &s;ome publick u&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="6"> That the <HI>High Con&s;tables</HI> in every hundred do take  account of the &s;aid two Officers in every Town be|longing to their divi&s;ion: and to pre&s;ent them to &s;ome Superiour Court; that &s;o there may be no collu&s;ion or deceit in the bu&s;ine&s;&s;e. And that the &s;aid <HI>High Con|&s;tables,</HI> and <HI>Fruterers,</HI> or <HI>Woodwards</HI> be fineable and puni&s;hable, if they neglect to do their duties.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="7"> That if any evil-di&s;po&s;ed per&s;on be found to de|&s;troy  any of the planted Trees; or to cut, mangle, or break them; or to pull up, or carry away their fen|cings, when they are young trees, and require fencing; that then he be &s;everely puni&s;hed by corporall, or pe|cuniary Mulct, or both; as being an enemy to a publike and common good.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="8"> That the &s;aid <HI>Fruterers</HI> or <HI>Woodwards</HI> in every re|&s;pective  towne may have power (as the Surveyers of the high-wayes) &s;o to call out, and appoint certain common dayes to work, in <HI>dre&s;&s;ing, pruning, moulding mo&s;&s;ing, trimming</HI> the &s;aid trees (which dayes are to be in the moneths of <HI>October</HI> &amp; <HI>November</HI> for <HI>mo&s;&s;ing</HI> and <HI>pruning,</HI> tho&s;e moneths being the moi&s;te&s;t; and the Winter fro&s;t following thereupon will &s;eare the wounds, &s;o that the Cut parts are not &s;ubject to put out Syens, whereby the body and fruit are decayed; And in <HI>January</HI> and <HI>February</HI> for <HI>moulding</HI> the trees) and to &s;et fines upon &s;uch as make default, and leavy the &s;ame to &s;ome publique u&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="9"> That all Trees already planted, be accounted into the 
<PB N="6" REF="8">
<HI>proportion;</HI> and that as any trees do die, or decay, or grow barren, care be taken that others may be planted in their &s;tead; and that within a limited time upon &s;ome penalty to be levied by the <HI>Woodwards</HI> or <HI>Fruite|rers.</HI></P>
<P><MILESTONE N="10"> That when tho&s;e lands, which are in particular oc|cupation be fully planted; like care be taken by a com|mon work in the common dayes to be appointed, for the planting of all <HI>Wa&s;tes</HI> and <HI>Commons</HI> every thirty yards a tree, and by thirty yards all over, till they be throughly planted.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="11"> That the <HI>Commons</HI> and <HI>Wa&s;tes</HI> be planted, and fen|ced at the publique charge of every Town to which they do belong: and that all &s;uch fines as are levied up|on the tran&s;gre&s;&s;ors in this project be imployed to the publique work and u&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="12"> That the fruits and benefits ari&s;ing of the <HI>Planta|tions</HI> upon the <HI>Commons</HI> and <HI>Wastes</HI> be given to the poor, &amp; nece&s;&s;itous people of every Town, unto which they do belong. And that by the di&s;cretion of the <HI>Fruiterers</HI> or <HI>Woodwards</HI> they be yearly di&s;tributed accordingly.</P>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Rea&s;ons for this de&s;igne.</HEAD>
<P>As touching the rea&s;ons for this de&s;ign, they are very many, whereof I onely propound &s;ome for &s;ati&s;|faction to all men.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> Fir&s;t, the whole&s;omene&s;&s;e of the&s;e fruits are &s;uch as may challenge every mans e&s;timation of them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gerard. Herb.</NOTE> and diligence to obtein them. <HI>Apples</HI> are good for hot &s;to|macks, for all inflammations, tempering melancholy humours; good for diver&s;e di&s;ea&s;es, as the Strangu|ry,
<PB N="7" REF="8">
Pluri&s;ie, &amp;c. <HI>Peares</HI> are cold, and binding, good for hot &s;wellings, do help the lask and bloody flux, and being made into drink, do warm the &s;tomack, and cau&s;e good dige&s;tion. The <HI>Walnut</HI> is an ingredient in Antidotes again&s;t the plague, and biting of venomous bea&s;ts; who&s;e kernels made into a milke cooleth and comforteth the langui&s;hing &s;ick body. So <HI>Quinces</HI> do &s;trengthen the &s;tomack, &s;tay vomiting, and &s;top the flux; and are good for many other things.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> The benefits, which from &s;uch a generall <HI>Plantation</HI> will ari&s;e to this Nation, is very much. As,</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> Fir&s;t, by this means there may be a great Improve|ment  of Land without any lo&s;&s;e of other fruits, which it u&s;ually yieldeth, as of Gra&s;&s;e, Corn of all &s;orts, or any other thing: and &s;o men may receive a double gain; fir&s;t, of tho&s;e fruits upon the ground; and &s;econdly, of &s;uch fruits as growing upon the trees, the land beareth as it were by the by.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> There will be a great plenty of whole&s;ome food ad|ded  where little or none of that Nature was before;<NOTE PLACE="marg"><Q><P>In which Coun+treys the very Hogs feeding upon the fal|lings, make choice of fruit, and fir&s;t ta&s;te, eating up the plea&s;ant fruit, leaving the o|ther, there is &s;uch abun|dance.</P>
<BIBL><HI>Gerards</HI> Herb.</BIBL></Q></NOTE> for be&s;ides every family may have of the&s;e fruits e|nough for all u&s;es in food; &s;o al&s;o may thereby be ob|teined a good and whole&s;ome drink from the juice of the <HI>Apples,</HI> and <HI>Peares,</HI> as in the Counties of <HI>Worce|&s;ter</HI> and <HI>Gloce&s;ter</HI> is very exemplary in that particular, to their profit and plenty.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> By this means much Corn, (e&s;pecially of Barley) may be &s;aved (which is &s;pent out in Malt) and may &s;erve for food in the time of want; and other Corn by that means become more rea&s;onable in prices.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> And likewi&s;e much expen&s;e in Wines may by rea|&s;on  of the <HI>Perry</HI> and <HI>Syder,</HI> which in all parts may be made, be &s;pared: and which kinde of drink (being once
<PB N="8" REF="9">
accu&s;tomed) will be as proper and whol&s;ome for our <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> bodies, as French wines, if not more.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> <MILESTONE N="3"> A generall <HI>Plantation</HI> (as afore&s;aid) will make won|derfull plenty, as may be gathered by a &s;uppo&s;ition  probable as this: Suppo&s;e 20 trees of Apples and Peares be planted, and well fenced upon a tenement of 5 li. <HI>per annum,</HI> once in &s;even years they may (by Gods ble&s;&s;ing) bring forth halfe a bu&s;hel of good fruit apiece; and in 10 years a bu&s;hel a tree; in 13 years two bu&s;hels, and &s;o forth; what a plenty will this make in &s;o &s;mall an Occupation?</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> And be&s;ides it will yield great plenty, yea abun|dance to the poor, who &s;hall yearly receive from the common <HI>Plantations</HI> of the <HI>Commons</HI> and <HI>Wa&s;tes</HI> &s;o much good fruit, as that they cannot be de&s;titute all the year. And if to buy; yet in &s;uch a generall <HI>Plan|tation,</HI> good fruit will not co&s;t above 4 d. or 6 d. the bu&s;hel, which now will co&s;t 12 d. or 16 d. if not more in many places, which kinde of provi&s;ions the poor preferre before better food, as the &s;tory goeth.</P>
<Q><L>The poor mans childe invited was to dine</L>
<L>With fle&s;h of Oxen, &s;heep, and fatted &s;wine,</L>
<L>(Far better chear then he at home could finde)</L>
<L>And yet this childe to &s;tay had little minde.</L>
<L>You have (quoth he) no <HI>Apple,</HI> froi&s;e nor pie,</L>
<L>Stew'd <HI>Pears,</HI> with bread and milk, &amp; <HI>Walnuts</HI> by.</L></Q>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> This generall <HI>Plantation</HI> is very requi&s;ite, &s;eeing &s;o many places are wholly de&s;titute of all fruit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cambden. Brit.</NOTE> and yet both the ground and Clymate throughout this whole I&s;land able and apt to yield of fruit great plenty. <HI>Cambden</HI> &s;aith, that they are whining and &s;lothfull
<PB N="9" REF="9">
husbandmen, who complain of the barrenne&s;&s;e of the earth in <HI>England;</HI> and doth confidently affirm, that it proceedeth rather of the inhabitants idlene&s;&s;e then a|ny di&s;temper, and indi&s;po&s;ition of the air,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Camb. ex will. Malmesbur.</NOTE> that this our <HI>England</HI> affords no wine: and that it hath heretofore had Vineyards which yielded wine well nigh as good in ta&s;te and &s;mell as the French wine;<NOTE PLACE="marg">And at <HI>Brom|well</HI> Abbey in <HI>Norfolk.</HI></NOTE> and indeed &s;o are many places unto this day in our land called Vine|yards; as at Elie in Cambridge&s;hire; of which re|maines upon Record the&s;e old Rimes.</P>
<Q><L>Quatuor &s;unt Eliae, lanterna, capella Mariae,</L>
<L>Et Molendinum, nec non dans Vinea vinum.</L></Q>
<P>In Engli&s;h thus.</P>
<Q><L>Four things of Elie Town much &s;poken are,</L>
<L>The leaden lanthorn, <HI>Maries</HI> Chappel rare,</L>
<L>The mighty Mill-hill in the Min&s;ter-field,</L>
<L>And fruitfull Vineyards, which &s;weet wine do yield.</L></Q>
<P><MILESTONE N="5"> And if our England be &s;o able and apt for wine, much more is it able and apt for the&s;e ordinary and whole&s;ome fruits.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, &s;uch an Univer&s;all <HI>Plantation</HI> will both yield great &s;tore of fuel to burn, and wood for many occa|&s;ions (the <HI>Apple, Peare</HI> and <HI>Walnut</HI>-trees, being all of them good Joyners timber) fit to make chaires, &s;tools, tables, and many other hou&s;e-Uten&s;ils) and al|&s;o it will much warm the Countrey by &s;o many thou|&s;ands of trees planted in open and wa&s;te grounds to the great comfort both of man and bea&s;t.</P>
<PB N="10" REF="10">
<P><MILESTONE N="6"> And as concerning this work, it is very fea&s;able and ea&s;ie, the banks, and quickrowes may be &s;et, as well with good fruit-trees at a convenient di&s;tance, as with thorn, ha&s;el, harbow, or brier: be&s;ides, how ma|ny u&s;efull &s;tocks of crab and wilding are to be taken from the roots of &s;uch as grow in rowes, and to be found in woods, which being tran&s;planted and grafted will be as good fruit-trees, and la&s;t longer then &s;uch as are reared up from &s;eeds or kernels?</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="7"> The delight and plea&s;ure, which by this will ari&s;e, will not be &s;mall in a little while; when one may be|hold the wa&s;te and wilde places all abounding with fruitfull trees <HI>(like the Garden of God)</HI> keeping their order, and di&s;tance: each one offering the weary tra|veller &s;ome little collation to quench his thir&s;t, and re|fre&s;h his &s;pirits; inviting him to re&s;t under their &s;ha|dow, and to ta&s;te of their delicates, and to &s;pare his pur&s;e; which is a benefit well known in the We&s;tern Counties of this our <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P><MILESTONE N="8"> To the&s;e might be added the benefit of the <HI>Walnut</HI> for oil; the delight and comfort of all the&s;e for con|&s;erves and pre&s;erves, both for &s;ickne&s;&s;e and health: and their u&s;e in a Famine, when all other fruits of the earth do fail; whereof the Nation of <HI>France</HI> hath had good triall, who had &s;tarved in &s;ome Famines, had it not been for their <HI>Che&s;nuts, Walnuts, Apples,</HI> and <HI>Pears,</HI> the&s;e being far better food in a famine then a&s;&s;es heads, doves dung,<NOTE PLACE="marg">2 Kings 6. Mi&s;eries of <HI>Germany.</HI></NOTE> or old leather, which &s;ome have been con&s;trained to eat to pre&s;erve life; yea &s;ometimes the fle&s;h of dead men, and their own children.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="11" REF="10">
<HEAD>Objections again&s;t this de&s;igne.</HEAD>
<P><MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Object."> But here it may be &s;ome men wil object, that the&s;e are but vain and trifling things, not worthy a law, or injunction for &s;o noble a Nation as this is.</P>
<P>To which the an&s;wer is ea&s;ie: that our &s;lothfulnes is the more, and improvidence the more to be con|demned, that &s;o noble a Nation &s;hould need a goad, and &s;pur to put them on to the improving of &s;uch trifling things; which are of &s;uch <HI>nece&s;&s;ity, profit, faci|lity</HI> and <HI>delight,</HI> as the&s;e things, which every diligent and prudent provident husband &s;hould endevour af|ter continually of them&s;elves.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Object."> But it will be a hard and difficult matter to get &s;o many plants as may &s;upply the <HI>Proportion</HI> throughout the whole Nation.</P>
<P>We an&s;wer, the &s;lothfull man &s;aith, there is a lion in the way; and if men were as willing as they might be, the woods and hedgerows would afford &s;tocks not a few to graft upon: be&s;ides, there are not wanting commendable Planters and Arbori&s;ts in this Nation, who&s;e nur&s;eries will afford at very low rates many thou&s;and of wilde &s;tocks fitting to be removed, and improved for this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Object."> Yea, but there is &s;uch rudene&s;&s;e and ravening in the common people of <HI>England,</HI> that all would come to nought.</P>
<P><HI>An&s;w.</HI> True as our &s;carcity of the&s;e fruits are in e|very place, &s;o it is, and &s;o it will be: but plenty yields &s;atiety and content: and the we&s;tern Countries can witne&s;&s;e this to be otherwi&s;e; be&s;ides, good laws,
<PB N="12" REF="11">
and good execution of them will prevent all &s;uch like mi&s;chiefs.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4" UNIT="Object."> But it will be a great while before this De&s;igne come to perfection.</P>
<P><HI>An&s;w.</HI> Yet if a beginning be not made, there can be no hope of any perfection; and if men begin well, the work will go on the better; for the &s;aying is,
<Q><L><NOTE PLACE="marg">Dimidium fa|cti qui ben&egrave; coe|pit habet.</NOTE>He that begins with heart and great good will,</L>
<L>Hath got the half of that he would fulfill.</L></Q></P>
<P>Be&s;ides he is the mo&s;t unworthy of his own life, who is like the <HI>Bear,</HI> lives onely to &s;uck his own claws, and will not provide for po&s;terity as well as him&s;elf. For,
<Q><L><NOTE PLACE="marg">Non nobis &s;o|lum nati fu|mus, &s;ed liberis, &amp;c. Cicero.</NOTE>Man is not born unto him&s;elf alone,</L>
<L>But to his after race when he is gone.</L></Q></P>
<P><MILESTONE N="5" UNIT="Object."> But the Commons and Wa&s;tes cannot wel be plant|ed. <HI>An&s;w.</HI> If not all of them, yet the mo&s;t of them will bear forth the&s;e trees: and we &s;ee the mo&s;t bar|ren places to bring forth the thorn, oak, and a&s;h-trees, and why not the&s;e al&s;o? which are not &s;o hard to grow as &s;ome of them; be&s;ides &s;uch directions may be given, as may be very advantagious for their root|ing and growth in &s;uch barren places, as afterward &s;hall be &s;hewed.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="6" UNIT="Object."> But the&s;e trees being planted in hedge-rows among&s;t other trees of greater growth and top, will never pro|&s;per and come to perfection; and &s;o much labour will be lo&s;t.</P>
<PB N="13" REF="11">
<P><HI>An&s;w.</HI> The&s;e trees being prudently &s;et, and provi|dently husbanded in banks and hedge-rows, will thrive the be&s;t of all, and prove mo&s;t fruitfull; for if the grounds be cold and wet, then to &s;et them in banks and rows will be far better, then to &s;et them abroad, the banks being the drie&s;t places for planting: And if the grounds be dry and &s;andy, then the banks are the be&s;t, as being lea&s;t hurtful to the roots of trees, and gaining moi&s;ture unto them by the ditches, when any do fall, whereby they are refre&s;hed and pre&s;erved. And for other trees which may overtop them, if every hone&s;t and good member in this our Common-wealth could as ea&s;ily remove his wicked and bad neighbour, as the Husbandman can remove &s;uch trees from his plantation, there would not be a bad neighbour in <HI>England.</HI> And how much a good fruit-tree will ex|ceed in profit any other tree of what kinde &s;oever, may ea&s;ily be gathered by this computation: Suppo&s;e one load of wood in twenty yeers may be cut from any husband, or powling (and it mu&s;t be a good one, which will yeeld &s;o much in &s;uch a time) which load of wood may be worth nine or ten &s;hillings; yet a good fruit-tree (by Gods ble&s;&s;ing) will yeeld as much fruit in one yeer as will countervail that profit; for &s;ome good fruit-trees have been known to yeeld eight, nine, or ten coombs of good fruit in one yeer, which at four pence the bu&s;hell will come to more then the be&s;t tree for wood will yeeld in twenty yeers. And &s;uppo&s;e an Oak after 300 yeers growth be worth five or &s;ix pounds, yet a good fruit-tree within fourty yeers will yeeld the &s;ame profit four or five times dou|ble, which is far beyond the benefit ari&s;ing of the be&s;t
<PB N="14" REF="12">
Timber-trees in <HI>England.</HI> And moreover, trees for timber may have the woods to grow in, and &s;uch con|venient places in fields and rows, as may be no annoy|ance or hinderance to the fruit-trees of this plantation.</P>
<Q><L>It is a folly manife&s;tly plain,</L>
<L>To be pound-fooli&s;h, penny-wi&s;e in gain.</L></Q>
<P><MILESTONE N="7" UNIT="Object."> The&s;e plantations in arable grounds, and common fields, will both hinder the Plough, and by their &s;ha|dow de&s;troy and hinder corn.</P>
<P><HI>An&s;w.</HI> If indeed they &s;hould be planted in the midde&s;t of plowed lands, &s;omething might be &s;aid again&s;t it; But in all common fields for corn, there lie land-divi&s;ions, and baulks, or meers, which though but narrow, yet are &s;ufficient and apt to bear trees, (as being the be&s;t ground) if they be planted upon them: And at thirty yards di&s;tance in length, and about thirty yards in breadth one from another likewi&s;e; they will be no hinderance at all to the Plough, nor yet to the growth and increa&s;e of corn; for at &s;uch a di&s;tance the Sun and winde will have &s;uch power on every &s;ide that they will di&s;per&s;e their beams and air without any let; and in ca&s;e (when the&s;e trees are grown large and great) they may hinder a peck of corn a tree, yet will they recompen&s;e that lo&s;&s;e twenty-fold in their fruit and fewell to the owners: be&s;ides, a good husband may keep up his trees &s;o by pruning, as that no da|mage at all may be &s;u&s;teined by them.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="8" UNIT="Object."> But fielding grounds which lie in parcels are often &s;o intermixed, that &s;ometimes ten &s;everal per&s;ons may have &s;everall proprieties in five acres of land: and
<PB N="15" REF="12">
therefore how can trees be planted either at an equall di&s;tance of 30 yards; or who &s;hall plant them, or re|ceive their fruits or fuel being &s;o many and diver&s;e pro|prieters?</P>
<P><MILESTONE UNIT="An&s;w."> If men were without rea&s;on, this might make an objection; but rea&s;onable men wil conclude that mears or balks in their length may be planted at 30 yards di&s;tance without difficulty, and that &s;uch &s;mall par|cels will fall likewi&s;e about 30 yards di&s;tance in breadth, not much under or over; which will make no difference: and &s;uch trees as are to be planted upon partable Mears, may by Law be appointed to be charged in their plantation, and fencing, and divided in their benefits equally between &s;uc howners, as have a community therein.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="9" UNIT="Object."> But this <HI>De&s;igne,</HI> if once it come to perfection, will undo many families, who live by Brewing and Malt|ing.</P>
<P><MILESTONE UNIT="An&s;w."> The light of nature will teach us that a common, and publike good is to be preferred to all private profit; as the &s;aying is,
<Q><L>A publique good doth many wayes outvie<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bonum qu&ograve; communius e&ograve; melius.</NOTE></L>
<L>All private good, and &s;elf-utilitie.</L></Q></P>
<P>Be&s;ides, the multiplicity of men practi&s;ing Brew|ing, and Malting is but rather a bane then a benefit to this Common-wealth; mini&s;tring occa&s;ion to thou|&s;ands of blinde and unnece&s;&s;ary Tipling-hou&s;es, whereby drunkenne&s;&s;e, di&s;order, and dangerous plots are fomented and nouri&s;hed to the great di&s;honour of God, and di&s;turbance of the State and Common-wealth;
<PB N="16" REF="13">
&s;o that it were to be wi&s;hed that every pri|vate family in this whole Nation were &s;o provided, that there might not be any further occa&s;ion to ex|pend &s;o much corn in Malt, or &s;o much money and precious time in Ale-hou&s;es and drink, which would cau&s;e every pious heart rather to rejoyce with thank&s;|giving, then to repine with murmuring for the di&s;ap|pointing of &s;elf-ends and advantages, when the pub|lique Good &s;hould be &s;o greatly advanced.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>In&s;tructions concerning this De&s;igne.</HEAD>
<P>Although planting doth chiefly depend upon the ble&s;&s;ing and providence of God,<NOTE PLACE="marg">1 Cor. 3.6.</NOTE> (without which no benefit can be expected) yet God who ordaineth the end, appointeth al&s;o the means conducible thereunto; not that men &s;hould re&s;t in the means appointed, but that they waiting upon God in the u&s;e of meanes &s;hould expect his ble&s;&s;ing thereupon of his grace and mercy: according to the &s;aying,
<Q><L>Re&s;t not in meanes, u&s;e meanes Gods gifts to gain;</L>
<L>God gives the end, and meanes his ends t'attain.</L></Q></P>
<P>Therefore we have thought good to &s;et down for the help of &s;uch as are unskilfull in the noble Art of Planting, &s;uch nece&s;&s;ary In&s;tructions and Directions touching this De&s;igne, as by experience have been found u&s;efull and commodious for our Countrey of <HI>England,</HI> letting go tho&s;e unprofitable conclu&s;ions wherewith many have filled their books of this Art of Planting, taken for the mo&s;t part out of the writings
<PB N="17" REF="13">
and experiments of other Nations, as Italy, France and Spain, &amp;c. which being of far different Climates from our Nation, however they may be u&s;efull and effectuall unto others, are indeed altogether u&s;ele&s;&s;e and in-effectuall unto us in England: for,
<Q><L>Each land the like alike will never yield,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Non omnia fert omnia tellus.</NOTE></L>
<L>Clime alters much in Garden, Orchard, field,</L>
<L>Leave France to French, and Spain to Spani&s;h Sun;</L>
<L>What England may is be&s;t to think upon.</L></Q></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>In&s;tructions concerning wilde Sets and Stocks to plant <MILESTONE N="1"> and graft upon.</HEAD>
<P>For the increa&s;e and &s;tore of wilde Sets and Stocks to plant and to graft upon; It is very requi&s;ite,</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> That every man, according to the proportion of his  occupation have &s;ome yard or inclo&s;ure for his wilde Sets and Stocks, which may &s;erve him as a continual Nur&s;ery, to plant and &s;upply all his other Grounds and Plantations.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> Let this Inclo&s;ure or Nur&s;ery be well and &s;trongly  fenced &s;o as no cattel may hurt it; for a bea&s;t will do more mi&s;chief in a night unto the Nur&s;ery then it will recover in &s;even years after.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> The Nur&s;ery would not be of the riche&s;t and fatte&s;t  ground, but rather inclinable to leanne&s;&s;e, that &s;o the wilde Sets and Stocks being tran&s;planted, may be re|moved from a mean to a better; from a lean to a fat|ter &s;oyl, otherwi&s;e they will not pro&s;per.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> At the fir&s;t, let this Nur&s;ery be well digged, and as much as may be made cleer of all noi&s;ome weeds, (e|&s;pecially 
<PB N="18" REF="14">
of Spearegra&s;&s;e) by harrowing, raking, and &s;owing Turneps the year before, or covering that all over with brakes: otherwi&s;e the weeds willl much hinder the growth and increa&s;e of the plants or Sets.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="5"> To repleni&s;h this Nur&s;ery in the be&s;t way, is to &s;owe that all over with the goods, or &s;tamping of crabs, apples, pears, and kernels of Quince about Alhollon-tide, or in November, or at &s;uch time as you make your Verjuice, Sydar, or Perry, and then to riddle good earth all over to cover them a finger thick (or to rake them in, which is not &s;o good) and &s;o covering them with thorns to expect their Spring in February, March, and April, when the covering is to be taken away from them.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="6"> Chu&s;e the be&s;t and greate&s;t walnuts, (as the Wel&s;h nut, French nut, &amp;c.) and &s;et them all about your Nur&s;ery, without the plants, &s;ome three or four foot di&s;tance; or they may be &s;et altogether upon beds by them&s;elves.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="7"> For three years after the Nur&s;ery be thus repleni&s;h|ed, be carefull to keep it very clean from weeds, gra&s;&s;e, or any other beggery, for it will requite the owner a|bundantly for his paines.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="8"> The wilde Sets being three foot high would be re|moved, and &s;et a foot di&s;tance one from another, and would have their long top-roots cut off, that they may root the better, and grow the greater; otherwi&s;e they will grow down with a long top, and up with a high top, their bodies being &s;lender, not fit to graft, and to remove dangerous, as having few or none other roots but their long top-roots.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="9"> At this fir&s;t removing of the wilde Sets, cut off
<PB N="19" REF="14">
onely the &s;pray and branches of the plants, pruning them into a &s;traight wands, and cut not off their heads, for that will hinder them, being &s;o young and tender.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="10"> There is another way to repleni&s;h the Nur&s;ery, which is by &s;etting at a foot di&s;tance branches of apple trees with Burknots, or the &s;uckers which are found in Orchards, and may be taken from the Roots of the Apple, Pear, or Quince-trees, or the &s;hoots of the Kenti&s;h Codling cut off and pricked in the ground, all which wil take and grow wel; onely it mu&s;t be remem|bred that &s;uch &s;uckers mu&s;t be taken as may have &s;ome roots, and the&s;e mu&s;t be well pruned and headed like|wi&s;e when they are tran&s;planted into the Nur&s;ery.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="11"> The Quince is rhe mo&s;t apt of all other to grow, whether by kernels &s;owne, &s;uckers, or even any young branch cut off from the body, with a &s;oals foot, &s;et in|to good earth about November will take and grow. Al&s;o if a bough be half &s;plit from the body in the Spring; and then bound well about with new cow-dung, and &s;o let grow till Michaeltide, or October, it will be rooted into the dung, and may be taken off and tran&s;planted with profit.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="12"> If an Apple or Peare-tree have any goodly young  bough (if it be not bigger then a mans wre&s;t) it may be rooted upon the tree: if in June the bark be taken away round the bough the breadth of four fingers, and a be skep (having a hole in the crown an&s;werable to the bigne&s;&s;e of the bowe) be &s;lit down the &s;ide, that it may open, and &s;o &s;et, and fa&s;tened below. The bark|ed place with the mouth upward, and &s;o filled with fat, &s;ad, and clayi&s;h earth well moi&s;tened, and &s;o let &s;tand untill November or Deecmber, and then being
<PB N="20" REF="15">
cut off below the skep, the head pruned, and tran&s;|planted into good ground, and the skep gently taken away, &s;o as the earth be not loo&s;ed, it will grow a fruit|full dwarf-tree.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>In&s;tructions concerning Removings, or Tran&s;plantations.</HEAD>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> When your wilde Sets and Stocks are fit for tran&s;|planting, it is be&s;t to remove them before they be grafted, &s;o they will be in le&s;&s;e danger to die; and the cutting of the tops of the wilde Sets will be no hinder|ance either to growth or grafting.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> The be&s;t time to tran&s;plant the&s;e trees, is September and October (with their leaf upon their head,) becau&s;e the winter will both clo&s;e and con&s;olidate the earth about the roots, and al&s;o the remainder of &s;ap in the trees de&s;cending into the roots will fa&s;ten them the better, and prepare their growth in the Spring the &s;u|rer: November, December, and January may &s;erve, but are nothing &s;o good as the other moneths.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> In all removings have &s;peciall care to prune both the root and head, remembring this, that it is farre better to have a large root and little top, then to have a great top and a little root, which &s;eldom comes to good. A great many roots may endure a good large top, but a few roots would have a little top.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> Where the &s;oil is very good, it will be &s;ufficient to dig a hole four times as big as the root, which let it be digged about Mid-&s;ummer, or as &s;oon after as you can for the crop growing thereupon. Fir&s;t pare off the uppermo&s;t part thereof, laying gra&s;&s;e to gra&s;&s;e, or &s;tub|ble
<PB N="21" REF="15">
to &s;tubble, and upon that on the one &s;ide of the hole lay the be&s;t earth (which will be the fir&s;t &s;peete, or &s;pade) and the re&s;t by it &s;elf on the other &s;ide of the hole, and &s;o let that lie open to Sun and air, till you tran&s;plant the trees; then &s;et your tree in the be&s;t earth fir&s;t, being well broken and mouldred, laying out the roots in their &s;everall proportion &s;et not your tree too deep, after that put in the wor&s;t earth upper|mo&s;t, carefully clo&s;ing the earth alwayes about the roots. You may lay &s;ome dung upon the uppermo&s;t face of the hole after all, if you plea&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="5"> In light and &s;andy ground, and &s;hallow &s;oil, dig  your hole, and prepare it as afore&s;aid; but you mu&s;t re|member to dig it much deeper, three or four foot deep, &amp; when you &s;et your trees fill that up with good moi&s;t earth within a foot and half of the uppermo&s;t ground: then &s;etting in the tree, take &s;lur of &s;ome &s;ink or hog-yard, or mud of &s;ome pond, (or for want of the&s;e make poy, with good earth and water) and pour it among&s;t the roots, drawing them forth each in his way, and &s;o fill that up with good earth: this will never fail expectation in the growth of young trees; onely remember that in &s;andy ground trees mu&s;t be &s;et deeper then in moi&s;t and good earth.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="6"> In moi&s;t and wet grounds it is good to dig a hole, and prepare that as followeth: when you are to &s;et your tree, dig a hole four foot over and two foot deep, and then lay a faggot of wood clo&s;e bound in the bottom, well troden down, fill up the hole again with the be&s;t earth, then &s;et your trees upon the plain ground on the top, rai&s;ing an hill of earth round about the root, which may cover it well from heat and cold, it will like exceedingly.</P>
<PB N="22" REF="16">
<P><MILESTONE N="7"> When the trees are tran&s;planted into light or &s;andy ground, if the Spring or Summer following prove drie, they mu&s;t be watered very well, but very &s;eldom. The water would be taken out of &s;ome &s;tanding pit (which is better then &s;pring, or well-water) or el&s;e mixed with cow-dung (which maketh a laxative and lu&s;ty water for young trees) and when they are wa|tered, cover their roots with old &s;traw, or hatch, put|ting it by in rainy weather, for fear of mice harbour|ing in it.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="8"> In the ttan&s;plantation of Walnuts be very careful to pre&s;erve the top-root; for if that be peri&s;hed, the tree will not thrive, if not die.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="9"> The Apple-tree loves to grow be&s;t in rich &s;oil, but indifferently in any.</P>
<P>The Peare be&s;t in a &s;andie, and light &s;oile.</P>
<P>The Qvince in a moi&s;t ground, and fat.</P>
<P>The Walnut-tree in a clayi&s;h or mixt &s;oile.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="10"> Note that the Medler, and Service-trees may be planted in &s;andie, and gravelie ground, and will grow in places, where other trees will not thrive. And the&s;e fruits are both whole&s;ome and plea&s;ant.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="11"> When the Trees are tran&s;planted and &s;et, they mu&s;t be wel fenced and &s;tayed again&s;t the &s;haking of winds both for their pre&s;ervation and &s;teady growing: Thorns pricked into the ground, and bound about the Tree with a withe, and a &s;take &s;et fa&s;t into the ground to &s;tay them is u&s;ed by &s;ome; three &s;takes &s;et in a tri|angle about the Tree with cro&s;&s;e bars nailed from &s;take to &s;take; by others, &s;takes driven a&s;lope into the ground two wayes, and well fa&s;tened to the Tree with hay-bands, and fenced, others u&s;e: and &s;ome having
<PB N="23" REF="16">
fenced their Trees with a triangle (as is afore&s;aid) u&s;e to cut off the head of their Tree wholly, leaving as a &s;taffe, which after will both grow &s;trong again&s;t windes, and put forth a gallant head in few years: onely it is to be remembred that, that fencing and &s;taying of your Trees is be&s;t, which is mo&s;t &s;ecure, lea&s;t &s;ubject to grate your Trees, and longe&s;t la&s;ting.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>In&s;tructions concerning Grafting.</HEAD>
<P><MILESTONE N="1"> As touching the kindes, manner and time of Graft|ing, they are as followeth.</P>
<P><TABLE>
<ROW>
<CELL ROLE="label">The kindes.</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Manner.</CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">Time of grafting.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1 <HI>Co~mon grafting is</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>-By cleaving the &s;tock.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>The&s;e three fir&s;t in the latter end of Fe|bruary, March, or beginning of April.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>2 <HI>Incy&s;ing &mdash; is</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>-Shoulderwi&s;e between the Bark and Tree.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>3 <HI>Packing &mdash; is</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>-By &s;loping the Impe and &s;tocks, and cloving them together like a whip&s;tock.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>4 <HI>Inoculating &mdash; is</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>-By placing a bud into the Bark of another Tree.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>This la&s;t about the tenth of June.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P><MILESTONE N="2"> There is an other way of cro&s;&s;ing the pith of trees, which is by boring two holes through the &s;tock acro&s;s a hand breadth one above another, and making two pins of the &s;ame wood to drive them hard in; &s;ome take this to be a good way.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> Good winter-fruit &s;owne of kernels in Nur&s;eries, and &s;o tran&s;planted, will prove good fruit, though they never be grafted at all: and note that the Wal|nut will not be grafted.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="4"> Never graft your Sets the &s;ame year you do remove  them, but let them &s;tand and take root a year at lea&s;t or
<PB N="24" REF="17">
two, then they will nouri&s;h their Grafts, and thrive ex|ceedingly.</P>
<P>A Generall Rule for Grafting.</P>
<Q><L>To grow apace graft when the change is near,</L>
<L>But at the full Moon for your trees to bear.</L></Q>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
