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<NAME>Pip Willcox</NAME>
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<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>A
PROPOSITION
For the
ADVANCEMENT
Of
EXPERIMENTAL
Philo&s;ophy.</P>
<P>By A. COWLEY.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI>
Printed by <HI>J. M.</HI> for <HI>Henry Herringman;</HI> and are to be
&s;old at his Shop at the Sign of the <HI>Blew-Anchor</HI> in the
Lower-Walk of the New-Exchange, 1661.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>To the Honourable Society
for the Advancement of
Experimental Philo&s;o|phy.</HEAD>
<P>THe Author of the
following di&s;cour&s;e,
having &s;ince his going in|to
<HI>France</HI> allowed me to
make it publick, I thought
I &s;hould do it mo&s;t right
by pre&s;enting it to Your
Con&s;iderations; to the
<PB REF="3">
end that when it hath been
fully examin'd by You,
and receiv'd &s;uch Additi|ons
or Alterations as You
&s;hall think fit, the De&s;ign
thereof may be promoted
by Your recommending
the Practice of it to the
Nation. I am,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your mo&s;t hum|ble
Servant,
P. P.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="half title">
<PB REF="3">
<P>A
PROPOSITION
For the
ADVANCEMENT
Of
LEARNING.</P>
<P>By A. COWLEY.</P>
<BIBL>VIRG.</BIBL>
<Q>O Fortunati quorum jam Maenia
&s;urgunt!</Q>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI>
Printed by <HI>J. M.</HI> for <HI>Henry Herringman,</HI>
and are to be &s;old at his Shop at the
Blew <HI>Anchor</HI> in the Lower-Walk of
the New-Exchange, 1661.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="preface">
<PB REF="4">
<PB REF="4">
<HEAD>The Preface.</HEAD>
<P>ALL Knowledge mu&s;t ei|ther
be of God, or of his
Creatures, that is, of Nature;
the fir&s;t is called from the Ob|ject,
<HI>Divinity;</HI> the latter, <HI>Na|tural
Philo&s;ophy,</HI> and is divi|ded
into the Contemplation of
the Immediate or Mediate Crea|tures
of God, that is, the Crea|tures
of his Creature Man. Of
this latter kind are all Arts for
the u&s;e of Humane Life, which
are thus again divided: Some
are purely Humane, or made by
Man alone, and as it were intire|ly
&s;pun out of him&s;elf, without
<PB REF="5">
relation to other Creatures, &s;uch
are <HI>Grammar</HI> and <HI>Logick,</HI> to
improve his Natural Qualities
of Internal and External &s;peech;
as likewi&s;e <HI>Rhetorick</HI> and <HI>Po|liticks</HI>
(or <HI>Law</HI>) to fulfill and
exalt his Natural Inclination to
Society. Other are mixt, and are
Mans Creatures no otherwi&s;e
then by the Re&s;ult which he ef|fects
by Conjunction and Appli|cation
of the Creatures of God.
Of the&s;e parts of Philo&s;ophy
that which treats of God Al|mighty
(properly called <HI>Divini|ty</HI>)
which is almo&s;t only to be
&s;ought out of his revealed will,
and therefore requires only the
diligent and pious &s;tudy of that,
and of the be&s;t Interpreters up|on
<PB REF="5">
it; and that part which I call
purely Humane, depending &s;ole|ly
upon Memory and Wit, that is,
Reading and Invention, are both
excellently well provided for by
the Con&s;titution of our &V;niver|&s;ities.
But the other two Parts,
the Inqui&s;ition into the Nature of
Gods Creatures, and the Appli|cation
of them to Humane &V;&s;es
(e&s;pecially the latter) &s;eem to be
very &s;lenderly provided for, or
rather almo&s;t totally neglected,
except onely &s;ome &s;mall a&s;&s;i&s;tan|ces
to Phy&s;ick, and the Mathe|maticks.
And therefore the
Founders of our Colledges have
taken ample care to &s;upply the
Students with multitude of
Books, and to appoint Tutors
<PB REF="6">
and frequent Exerci&s;es, the one
to interpret, and the other to con|firm
their Reading, as al&s;o to
afford them &s;ufficient plenty and
lei&s;ure for the opportunities of
their private &s;tudy, that the
Beams which they receive by
Lecture may be doubled by Re|flections
of their own Wit: But
towards the Ob&s;ervation and
Application, as I &s;aid, of the
Creatures them&s;elves, they have
allowed no In&s;truments, Mate|rials,
or Conveniences. Partly,
becau&s;e the nece&s;&s;ary expence
thereof is much greater, then of
the other; and partly from that
idle and pernicious opinion
which had long po&s;&s;e&s;t the World,
that all things to be &s;earcht in
<PB REF="6">
Nature, had been already found
and di&s;covered by the Ancients,
and that it were a folly to travel
about for that which others had
before brought home to us. And
the great Importer of all Truths
they took to be <HI>Ari&s;totle,</HI> as if
(as <HI>Macrobius</HI> &s;peaks fooli&s;hly
of <HI>Hippocrates</HI>) he could nei|ther
deceive nor be deceived, or
as if there had been not only no
Lies in him, but all Verities. O
true Philo&s;ophers in one &s;ence!
and contented with a very Lit|tle!
Not that I would di&s;parage
the admirable Wit, and worthy
labours of many of the Ancients,
much le&s;s of <HI>Ari&s;totle,</HI> the mo&s;t
eminent among them; but it were
madne&s;s to imagine that the Ci|&s;terns
<PB REF="7">
of men &s;hould afford us
as much, and as whole&s;ome Wa|ters,
as the Fountains of Nature.
As we under&s;tand the manners
of men by conver&s;ation among
them, and not by reading Ro|mances,
the &s;ame is our ca&s;e in
the true Apprehen&s;ion &amp; Judge|ment
of Things. And no man
can hope to make him&s;elf as rich
by &s;tealing out of others Truncks,
as he might by opening and dig|ging
of new Mines. If he con|ceive
that all are already exhau|&s;ted,
let him con&s;ider that many
lazily thought &s;o hundred years
ago, and yet neverthele&s;s &s;ince
that time whole Regions of Art
have been di&s;covered, which the
Ancients as little dreamt of as
<PB REF="7">
they did of <HI>America.</HI> There
is yet many a <HI>Terra Incognita</HI>
behind to exerci&s;e our diligence,
and let us exerci&s;e it never &s;o
much, we &s;hall leave work e|nough
too for our Po&s;terity.</P>
<P>This therefore being laid
down as a certain Foundation,
that we mu&s;t not content our
&s;elves with that Inheritance of
Knowledge which is left us by
the labour and bounty of our
Ance&s;tors, but &s;eek to improve
tho&s;e very grounds, and adde to
them new and greater Purcha|&s;es;
it remains to be con&s;idered
by what means we are mo&s;t like|ly
to attain the ends of this ver|tuous
Covetou&s;ne&s;s.</P>
<P>And certainly the &s;olitary and
<PB REF="8">
unactive Contemplation of Na|ture,
by the mo&s;t ingenious Per|&s;ons
living, in their own pri|vate
Studies, can never effect
it. Our Rea&s;oning Faculty as
well as Fancy, does but Dream,
when it is not guided by &s;en&s;ible
Objects. We &s;hall compound
where Nature has divided, and
divide where Nature has com|pounded,
and create nothing but
either Deformed Mon&s;ters, or at
be&s;t pretty but impo&s;&s;ible Mer|maids.
'Tis like Painting by
Memory and Imagination which
can never produce a Picture to
the Life. Many Per&s;ons of ad|mirable
abilities (if they had
been wi&s;ely managed and profi|tably
employed) have &s;pent their
<PB REF="8">
whole time and diligence in com|mentating
upon <HI>Ari&s;totles</HI> Phi|lo&s;ophy,
who could never go be|yond
him, becau&s;e their de&s;ign
was only to follow, not gra&s;p, or
lay hold on, or &s;o much as touch
Nature, becau&s;e they catcht only
at the &s;hadow of her in their
own Brains. And therefore we
&s;ee that for above a thou&s;and
years together nothing almo&s;t
of Ornament or Advantage was
added to the &V;&s;es of Humane
Society, except only Guns and
Printing, whereas &s;ince the In|du&s;try
of Men has ventured to
go abroad, out of Books and out
of Them&s;elves, and to work a|mong
Gods Creatures, in&s;tead of
Playing among their Own, every
<PB REF="9">
age has abounded with excellent
Inventions, and every year per|haps
might do &s;o, if a con&s;ide|rable
number of &s;elect Per&s;ons
were &s;et apart, and well direct|ed,
and plentifully provided for
the &s;earch of them. But our
&V;niver&s;ities having been foun|ded
in tho&s;e former times that I
complain of, it is no wonder if
they be defective in their Con&s;ti|tution
as to this way of Learn|ing,
which was not then thought
on.</P>
<P>For the &s;upplying of which
Defect, it is humbly propo&s;ed to
his Sacred Maje&s;ty, his mo&s;t Ho|nourable
Parliament, and Privy
Council, and to all &s;uch of his
Subjects as are willing and able
<PB REF="9">
to contribute any thing towards
the advancement of real and u&s;e|ful
Learning, that by their Au|thority,
Encouragement, Patro|nage,
and Bounty, a <HI>Philo&s;o|phical
Colledge</HI> may be erect|ed,
after this en&s;uing, or &s;ome
&s;uch like Model.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="college">
<PB N="14" REF="10">
<HEAD>The Colledge.</HEAD>
<P>THat the Philo&s;ophical
Colledge be &s;cituated
within one, two, or (at far|the&s;t)
three miles of <HI>Lond&ograve;n,</HI>
and, if it be po&s;&s;ible to find
that convenience, upon the
&s;ide of the River, or very
near it.</P>
<P>That the Revenue of this
Colledge amount to four
thou&s;and pounds a year.</P>
<P>That the Company recei|ved
into it be as follows.</P>
<P>1. Twenty Philo&s;ophers or
Profe&s;&s;ors. 2. Sixteen young
Scholars, Servants to the Pro|fe&s;&s;ors.
<PB N="15" REF="10">
3. A Chaplain. 4. A
Baily for the Revenue. 5. A
Manciple or Purveyour for
the provi&s;ions of the Hou&s;e.
6. Two Gardeners. 7. A Ma|&s;ter-Cook.
8. An Under-Cock.
9. A Butler. 10. An
Under-Butler. 11. A Chirur|geon.
12. Two Lungs, or
Chymical Servants. 13. A Li|brary-keeper
who is likewi&s;e
to be Apothecary, Druggi&s;t,
and Keeper of In&s;truments,
Engines, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 14. An Officer
to feed and take care of all
Bea&s;ts, Fowl, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> kept by the
Colledge. 15. A Groom of
the Stable. 16. A Me&s;&s;enger
to &s;end up and down for all
u&s;es of the Colledge. 17. Four
<PB N="16" REF="11">
old Women, to tend the
Chambers, keep the Hou&s;e
clean, and &s;uch like &s;ervices.</P>
<P>That the annual allowance
for this Company be as fol|lows.
1. To every Profe&s;&s;or,
and to the Chaplain, one hun|dred
and twenty Pounds.
2. To the &s;ixteen Scholars 20^l
a piece, 10^l for their diet, and
10^l for their Entertainment.
3. To the Baily 30^l be&s;ides
allowance for his Journeys.
4. To the Purveyour or Man|ciple
thirty pounds. 5. To
each of the Gardeners twenty
Pounds. 6. To the Ma&s;ter-Cook
twenty Pounds. 7. To
the Under-Cook four Pounds.
8. To the Butler ten Pounds.
<PB N="17" REF="11">
9. To the Under-Butler four
Pounds. 10. To the Chirur|geon
thirty Pounds. 11. To
the Library-Keeper thirty
Pounds. 12. To each of the
Lungs twelve Pounds. 13. To
the Keeper of the Bea&s;ts &s;ix
Pounds. 14. To the Groom
five Pounds. 15. To the Me&s;|&s;enger
twelve Pounds. 16. To
the four nece&s;&s;ary Women
ten Pounds. For the Manci|ples
Table at which all the
Servants of the Hou&s;e are to
eat, except the Scholars, one
hundred &s;ixty Pounds. For 3
Hor&s;es for the Service of the
Colledge, thirty Pounds.</P>
<P>All which amounts to three
thou&s;and two hundred eighty
<PB N="18" REF="12">
five Pounds. So that there re|mains
for keeping of the
Hou&s;e and Gardens, and Ope|ratories,
and In&s;truments, and
Animals, and Experiments of
all &s;orts, and all other expen|ces,
&s;even hundred &amp; fifteen
Pounds.</P>
<P>Which were a very incon&s;i|derable
&s;um for the great u&s;es
to which it is de&s;igned, but that
I conceive the Indu&s;try of the
Colledge will in a &s;hort time
&s;o enrich it &s;elf as to get a far
better Stock for the advance
and enlargement of the work
when it is once begun; neither
is the continuance of particu|lar
mens liberality to be de&s;|paired
of, when it &s;hall be
<PB N="19" REF="12">
encouraged by the &s;ight of
that publick benefit which will
accrue to all Mankind, and
chiefly to our Nation, by this
Foundation. Something like|wi&s;e
will ari&s;e from Lea&s;es and
other Ca&s;ualties; that nothing
of which may be diverted to
the private gain of the Pro|fe&s;&s;ors,
or any other u&s;e be|&s;ides
that of the &s;earch of Na|ture,
and by it the general
good of the world, and that
care may be taken for the cer|tain
performance of all things
ordained by the In&s;titution, as
likewi&s;e for the protection
and encouragement of the
Company, it is propo&s;ed.</P>
<P>That &s;ome Per&s;on of Emi|nent
<PB N="20" REF="13">
Quality, a Lover of &s;olid
Learning, and no Stranger in
it, be cho&s;en Chancellour or
Pre&s;ident of the Colledge, and
that eight Governours more,
men qualified in the like man|ner,
be joyned with him, two
of which &s;hall yearly be ap|pointed
Vi&s;itors of the Col|ledge,
and receive an exact ac|count
of all expences even to
the &s;malle&s;t, and of the true
e&s;tate of their publick Trea|&s;ure,
under the hands and oaths
of the Profe&s;&s;ors Re&s;ident.</P>
<P>That the choice of the Pro|fe&s;&s;ors
in any vacancy belong
to the Chancellour and the
Governours, but that the Pro|fe&s;&s;ors
(who are likelie&s;t to
<PB N="21" REF="13">
know what men of the Nati|on
are mo&s;t proper for the
duties of their Society) di|rect
their choice by recom|mending
two or three per&s;ons
to them at every Election.
And that if any learned Per|&s;on
within his Maje&s;ties Do|minions
di&s;cover or eminent|ly
improve any u&s;eful kind of
knowledge, he may upon that
ground for his reward and the
encouragement of others, be
preferr'd, if he pretend to the
place, before any body el&s;e.</P>
<P>That the Governours have
power to turn out any Profe&s;|&s;or
who &s;hall be proved to be
either &s;candalous or unprofita|ble
to the Society.</P>
<P><PB N="22" REF="14">
That the Colledge be built
after this, or &s;ome &s;uch man|ner:
That it con&s;i&s;t of three
fair Quadrangular Courts, and
three large grounds, enclo&s;ed
with good walls behind them.
That the fir&s;t Court be built
with a fair Cloy&s;ter, and the
Profe&s;&s;ors Lodgings or rather
little Hou&s;es, four on each
&s;ide at &s;ome di&s;tance from one
another, and with little Gar|dens
behind them, ju&s;t after
the manner of the <HI>Chartreux</HI>
beyond Sea. That the in&s;ide
of the Cloy&s;ter be lined with
a Gravel-walk, and that walk
with a row of Trees, and that
in the middle there be a Par|terre
of Flowers, and a Foun|tain.</P>
<P><PB N="23" REF="14">
That the &s;econd Quadran|gle
ju&s;t behind the fir&s;t, be &s;o
contrived, as to contain the&s;e
parts. 1. A Chappel. 2. A
Hall with two long Tables on
each &s;ide for the Scholars and
Officers of the Hou&s;e to eat
at, and with a Pulpit and
Forms at the end for the pub|lick
Lectures. 3. A large and
plea&s;ant Dining-Room within
the Hall for the Profe&s;&s;ors to
eat in, and to hold their A&s;|&s;emblies
and Conferences.
4. A publick School-hou&s;e.
5. A Library. 6. A Gallery
to walk in, adorned with the
Pictures or Statues of all the
Inventors of any thing u&s;eful
to Humane Life; as Printing,
<PB N="24" REF="15">
Guns, <HI>America, &amp;c.</HI> and of
late in Anatomy, the Circula|tion
of the Blood, the Milky
Veins, and &s;uch like di&s;cove|ries
in any Art, with &s;hort Elo|gies
under the Portraictures:
As likewi&s;e the Figures of all
&s;orts of Creatures, and the
&s;tuft skins of as many &s;trange
Animals as can be gotten. 7. An
Anatomy Chamber adorned
with Skeletons and Anatomi|cal
Pictures, and prepared
with all conveniencies for Di&s;|&s;ection.
8. A Chamber for all
manner of Druggs, and Apo|thecaries
Materials. 9. A Ma|thematical
Chamber furni&s;ht with all forts of Mathematical
In&s;truments, being an Ap|pendix
<PB N="25" REF="15">
to the Library.
10. Lodgings for the Chap|lain,
Chirurgeon, Library-Keeper
and Purveyour, near
the Chappel, Anatomy Cham|ber,
Library and Hall.</P>
<P>That the third Court be on
one &s;ide of the&s;e, very large,
but meanly built, being de|&s;igned
only for u&s;e and not for
beauty too, as the others. That
it contain the Kitchin, Butte|ries,
Brew-hou&s;e, Bake-hou&s;e,
Dairy, Lardry, Stables, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>
and e&s;pecially great Laborato|ries
for Chymical Operations,
and Lodgings for the Under|&s;ervants.</P>
<P>That behind the &s;econd
Court be placed the Garden,
<PB N="26" REF="16">
containing all &s;orts of Plants
that our Soil will bear, and at
the end a little Hou&s;e of plea|&s;ure,
a Lodge for the Garde|ner,
and a Grove of Trees cut
out into Walks.</P>
<P>That the &s;econd enclo&s;ed
ground be a Garden, de&s;tined
only to the tryal of all man|ner
of Experiments concern|ing
Plants, as their Meliorati|on,
Acceleration, Retardati|on,
Con&s;ervation, Compo&s;i|tion,
Tran&s;mutation, Colora|tion,
or what&s;oever el&s;e can
be produced by Art either for
u&s;e or curio&s;ity, with a Lodge
in it for the Gardener.</P>
<P>That the third Ground be
employed in convenient Re|ceptacles
<PB N="27" REF="16">
for all &s;orts of Crea|tures
which the Profe&s;&s;ors
&s;hall judge nece&s;&s;ary for their
more exact &s;earch into the na|ture
of Animals, and the im|provement
of their U&s;es to us.</P>
<P>That there be likewi&s;e built
in &s;ome place of the Colledge
where it may &s;erve mo&s;t for
Ornament of the whole, a very
high Tower for ob&s;ervation
of Cele&s;tial Bodies, adorned
with all &s;orts of Dyals and
&s;uch like Curio&s;ities; and that
there be very deep Vaults
made under ground, for Expe|riments
mo&s;t proper to &s;uch
places, which will be undoubt|edly
very many.</P>
<P>Much might be added, but
<PB N="28" REF="17">
truly I am afraid this is too
much already for the charity
or genero&s;ity of this age to
extend to; and we do not
de&s;ign this after the Model of
<HI>Solomons</HI> Hou&s;e in my Lord
<HI>Bacon</HI> (which is a Project for
Experiments that can never
be Experimented) but pro|po&s;e
it within &s;uch bounds of
Expence as have often been
exceeded by the Buildings of
private Citzens.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="professors">
<PB N="29" REF="17">
<HEAD>Of the Profe&s;&s;ors, Scholars,
Chaplain, and other Officers.</HEAD>
<P>THat of the twenty Pro|fe&s;&s;ors
four be always
travelling beyond Seas, and
&s;ixteen always Re&s;ident, un|le&s;s
by permi&s;&s;ion upon extra|ordinary
occa&s;ions, and every
one &s;o ab&s;ent, leaving a De|puty
behind him to &s;upply his
Duties.</P>
<P>That the four Profe&s;&s;ors
Itinerant be a&s;&s;igned to the
four parts of the World, <HI>Eu|rope,
A&s;ia, Afrique,</HI> and <HI>Ame|rica,</HI>
there to re&s;ide three years
at lea&s;t, and to give a con&s;tant
<PB N="30" REF="18">
account of all things that be|long
to the Learning, and e&s;|pecially
Natural Experimen|tal
Philo&s;ophy of tho&s;e parts.</P>
<P>That the expence of all
Di&s;patches, and all Books,
Simples, Animals, Stones, Me|tals,
Minerals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and all cu|rio&s;ities
what&s;oever, natural
or artificial, &s;ent by them to
the Colledge, &s;hall be defray|ed
out of the Trea&s;ury, and
an additional allowance (a|bove
the 120^l) made to them
as &s;oon as the Colledges Re|venue
&s;hall be improved.</P>
<P>That at their going abroad
they &s;hall take a &s;olemn Oath
never to write any thing to
the Colledge, but what after
<PB N="31" REF="18">
very diligent Examination,
they &s;hall fully believe to be
true, and to confe&s;s and re|cant
it as &s;oon as they find
them&s;elves in an Errour.</P>
<P>That the &s;ixteen Profe&s;&s;ors
Re&s;ident &s;hall be bound to
&s;tudy and teach all &s;orts of
Natural, Experimental Philo|&s;ophy,
to con&s;i&s;t of the Ma|thematicks,
Mechanicks, Me|dicine,
Anatomy, Chymi&s;try,
the Hi&s;tory of Animals, Plants,
Minerals, Elements, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Agri|culture,
Architecture, Art Mi|litary,
Navigation, Gardening;
The My&s;teries of all Trades,
and Improvement of them;
The Facture of all Merchan|dizes,
all Natural Magick or
<PB N="32" REF="19">
Divination; and briefly all
things contained in the Cata|logue
of Natural Hi&s;tories
annexed to My Lord <HI>Bacon's
Organon.</HI></P>
<P>That once a day from <HI>Ea|&s;ter</HI>
till <HI>Michaelmas,</HI> and twice
a week from <HI>Michaelmas</HI> to
<HI>Ea&s;ter,</HI> at the hours in the af|ternoon
mo&s;t convenient for
Auditors from <HI>London</HI> ac|cording
to the time of the
year, there &s;hall be a Lecture
read in the Hall, upon &s;uch
parts of Natural Experimen|tal
Philo&s;ophy, as the Profe&s;|&s;ors
&s;hall agree on among
them&s;elves, and as each of
them &s;hall be able to perform
u&s;efully and honourably.</P>
<P><PB N="33" REF="19">
That two of the Profe&s;&s;ors
by daily, weekly, or moneth|ly
turns &s;hall teach the pub|lick
Schools according to the
Rules hereafter pre&s;cribed.</P>
<P>That all the Profe&s;&s;ors &s;hall
be equal in all re&s;pects (except
precedency, choice of Lodg|ing,
and &s;uch like priviledges,
which &s;hall belong to Seniori|ty
in the Colledge) and that
all &s;hall be Ma&s;ters and Trea|&s;urers
by annual turns, which
two Officers for the time be|ing
&s;hall take place of all the
re&s;t, and &s;hall be <HI>Arbitri dua|rum
Men&s;arum.</HI></P>
<P>That the Ma&s;ter &s;hall com|mand
all the Officers of the
Colledge, appoint A&s;&s;emblies
<PB N="34" REF="20">
or Conferences upon occa&s;i|on,
and pre&s;ide in them with
a double voice, and in his ab|&s;ence
the Trea&s;urer, who&s;e
bu&s;ine&s;s is to receive and di&s;|bur&s;e
all moneys by the Ma|&s;ters
order in writing, (if it be
an extraordinary) after con|&s;ent
of the other Profe&s;&s;ors.</P>
<P>That all the Profe&s;&s;ors &s;hall
&s;up together in the Parlour
within the Hall every night,
and &s;hall dine there twice a
week (to wit <HI>Sundays</HI> and
<HI>Thur&s;days</HI>) at two round Ta|bles
for the convenience of
di&s;cour&s;e, which &s;hall be for
the mo&s;t part of &s;uch matters
as may improve their Studies
and Profe&s;&s;ions, and to keep
<PB N="35" REF="20">
them from falling into loo&s;e
or unprofitable talk &s;hall be
the duty of the two <HI>Arbitri
Men&s;arum,</HI> who may likewi&s;e
command any of the Servant-Scholars
to read to them what
he &s;hall think fit, whil&s;t they
are at table: That it &s;hall be|long
likewi&s;e to the &s;aid <HI>Ar|bitri
Men&s;arum</HI> only, to invite
Strangers, which they &s;hall
rarely do, unle&s;s they be men
of Learning or great Parts, and
&s;hall not invite above two at a
time to one table, nothing be|ing
more vain and unfruitful
then numerous Meetings of
Acquaintance.</P>
<P>That the Profe&s;&s;ors Re&s;i|dent
&s;hall allow the Colledge
<PB N="36" REF="21">
twenty Pounds a year for their
Diet, whether they continue
there all the time or not.</P>
<P>That they &s;hall have once
a week an A&s;&s;embly or Con|ference
concerning the Affairs
of the Colledge and the pro|gre&s;s
of their Experimental
Philo&s;ophy.</P>
<P>That if any one find out a|ny
thing which he conceives
to be of con&s;equence, he &s;hall
communicate it to the A&s;&s;em|bly
to be examined, experi|mented,
approved or rejected.</P>
<P>That if any one be Author
of an Invention that may
bring in profit, the third part
of it &s;hall belong to the In|ventor,
and the two other to
<PB N="37" REF="21">
the Society; and be&s;ides if the
thing be very con&s;iderable, his
Statue or Picture with an Elo|gy
under it, &s;hall be placed in
the Gallery, and made a De|ni&s;on
of that Corporation of
famous Men.</P>
<P>That all the Profe&s;&s;ors &s;hall
be always a&s;&s;igned to &s;ome
particular Inqui&s;ition (be&s;ides
the ordinary cour&s;e of their
Studies) of which they &s;hall
give an account to the A&s;&s;em|bly,
&s;o that by this means there
may be every day &s;ome ope|ration
or other made in all the
Arts, as Chymi&s;try, Anatomy,
Mechanicks, and the like, and
that the Colledge &s;hall furni&s;h
for the charge of the opera|tion.</P>
<P><PB N="38" REF="22">
That there &s;hall be kept a
Regi&s;ter under lock and key,
and not to be &s;een but by the
Profe&s;&s;ors, of all the Experi|ments
that &s;ucceed, &s;igned by
the per&s;ons who made the try|all.</P>
<P>That the popular and recei|ved
Errours in Experimental
Philo&s;ophy (with which, like
Weeds in a neglected Garden
it is now almo&s;t all over|grown)
&s;hall be evinced by
tryal, and taken notice of in
the publick Lectures, that they
may no longer abu&s;e the cre|dulous,
and beget new ones
by con&s;equence of &s;imilitude.</P>
<P>That every third year (af|ter
the full &s;ettlement of the
<PB N="39" REF="22">
Foundation) the Colledge
&s;hall give an account in Print,
in proper and ancient Latine,
of the fruits of their triennial
Indu&s;try.</P>
<P>That every Profe&s;&s;or Re&s;i|dent
&s;hall have his Scholar to
wait upon him in his Cham|ber
and at Table, whom he
&s;hall be obliged to breed up
in Natural Philo&s;ophy, and
render an account of his pro|gre&s;s
to the A&s;&s;embly, from
who&s;e Election he received
him, and therefore is re&s;pon|&s;ible
to it, both for the care
of his Education, and the ju&s;t
and civil u&s;age of him.</P>
<P>That the Scholar &s;hall un|der&s;tand
Latine very well, and
<PB N="40" REF="23">
be moderately initiated in the
Greek before he be capable
of being cho&s;en into the Ser|vice,
and that he &s;hall not re|main
in it above &s;even years.</P>
<P>That his Lodging &s;hall be
with the Profe&s;&s;or whom he
&s;erves.</P>
<P>That no Profe&s;&s;or &s;hall be
a married man, or a Divine, or
Lawyer in practice, only Phy|&s;ick
he may be allowed to
pre&s;cribe, becau&s;e the &s;tudy
of that Art is a great part of
the duty of his place, and the
duty of that is &s;o great, that it
will not &s;uffer him to lo&s;e
much time in mercenary pra|ctice.</P>
<P>That the Profe&s;&s;ors &s;hall in
<PB N="41" REF="23">
the Colledge wear the habit
of ordinary Ma&s;ters of Art
in the Univer&s;ities, or of Do|ctors,
if any of them be &s;o.</P>
<P>That they &s;hall all keep an
inviolable and exemplary
friend&s;hip with one another,
and that the A&s;&s;embly &s;hall
lay a con&s;iderable pecuniary
mulct upon any one who &s;hall
be proved to have entered &s;o
far into a quarrel as to give
uncivil Language to his Bro|ther-Profe&s;&s;or;
and that the
per&s;everance in any enmity
&s;hall be puni&s;h'd by the Go|vernours
with expul&s;ion.</P>
<P>That the Chaplain &s;hall
eat at the Ma&s;ters Table,
(paying his twenty pounds a
<PB N="42" REF="24">
year as the others do) and that
he &s;hall read Prayers once a
day at lea&s;t, a little before
Supper-time; that he &s;hall
preach in the Chappel every
<HI>Sunday</HI> Morning, and Cate|chize
in the After-noon the
Scholars and the School-boys;
that he &s;hall every moneth
admini&s;ter the Holy Sacra|ment;
that he &s;hall not trou|ble
him&s;elf and his Auditors
with the Controver&s;ies of Di|vinity,
but only teach God in
his ju&s;t Commandments, and
in his wonderful Works.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="school">
<PB N="43" REF="24">
<HEAD>The Sch&ograve;ol.</HEAD>
<P>THat the School may be
built &s;o as to contain
about two hundred Boys.</P>
<P>That it be divided into four
Cla&s;&s;es, not as others are ordi|narily
into &s;ix or &s;even, be|cau&s;e
we &s;uppo&s;e that the
Children &s;ent hither to be ini|tiated
in Things as well as
Words, ought to have pa&s;t the
two or three fir&s;t, and to have
attained the age of about thir|teen
years, being already well
advanced in the Latine Gram|mar,
and &s;ome Authors.</P>
<P>That none, though never
<PB N="44" REF="25">
&s;o rich, &s;hall pay any thing for
their teaching; and that if any
Profe&s;&s;or &s;hall be convicted to
have taken any money in con|&s;ideration
of his pains in the
School, he &s;hall be expelled
with ignominie by the Gover|nours;
but if any per&s;ons of
great e&s;tate and quality, find|ing
their Sons much better
Proficients in Learning here,
then Boys of the &s;ame age
commonly are at other
Schools, &s;hall not think fit to
receive an obligation of &s;o
near concernment without re|turning
&s;ome marks of ac|knowledgement,
they may, if
they plea&s;e (for nothing is to
be demanded) be&s;tow &s;ome
<PB N="45" REF="25">
little rarity or curio&s;ity upon
the Society in recompence of
their trouble.</P>
<P>And becau&s;e it is deplora|ble
to con&s;ider the lo&s;s which
Children make of their time
at mo&s;t Schools, employing,
or rather ca&s;ting away &s;ix or
&s;even years in the learning of
words only, and that too very
imperfectly:</P>
<P>That a Method be here e|&s;tabli&s;hed
for the infu&s;ing
Knowledge and Language at
the &s;ame time into them; and
that this may be their Appren|tice&s;hip
in Natural Philo&s;o|phy.
This we conceive may
be done, by breeding them
up in Authors, or pieces of
<PB N="46" REF="26">
Authors, who treat of &s;ome
parts of Nature, and who may
be under&s;tood with as much
ea&s;e and plea&s;ure, as tho&s;e
which are commonly taught;
Such are in Latine <HI>Varro, Cato,
Columella, Pliny,</HI> part of <HI>Cel|&s;us,</HI>
and of <HI>Seneca, Cicero de
Divinatione, de Natur&acirc; Deo|rum,</HI>
and &s;everal &s;cattered pie|ces,
<HI>Virgil's Georgicks, Grotius,
Nene&s;ianus, Manilius;</HI> and be|cau&s;e
the truth is we want
good Poets (I mean we have
but few) who have purpo&s;ely
treated of &s;olid and learned,
that is, Natural Matters (the
mo&s;t part indulging to the
weakne&s;s of the world, and
feeding it either with the fol|lies
<PB N="47" REF="26">
of Love, or with the Fa|bles
of gods and Heroes) we
conceive that one Book ought
to be compiled of all the &s;cat|tered
little parcels among the
ancient Poets that might &s;erve
for the advancement of Natu|ral
Science, and which would
make no &s;mall or unu&s;eful or
unplea&s;ant Volumn. To this
we would have added the
Morals and Rhetoricks of <HI>Ci|cero,</HI>
and the In&s;titutions of
<HI>Quintilian;</HI> and for the Co|moedians,
from whom almo&s;t
all that nece&s;&s;ary part of com|mon
di&s;cour&s;e, and all the
mo&s;t intimate proprieties of
the Language are drawn, we
conceive the Boys may be
<PB N="48" REF="27">
made Ma&s;ters of them, as a
part of their Recreation and
not of their task, if once a
moneth, or at lea&s;t once in
two, they act one of <HI>Terences</HI>
Comoedies, and afterwards
(the mo&s;t advanced) &s;ome of
<HI>Plautus</HI> his; and this is for
many rea&s;ons one of the be&s;t
exerci&s;es they can be enjoyn|ed,
and mo&s;t innocent plea|&s;ures
they can be allowed. As
for the Greek Authors, they
may &s;tudy <HI>Nicander, Oppianus</HI>
(whom <HI>Scaliger</HI> does not
doubt to prefer above <HI>Homer</HI>
him&s;elf, and place next to his
adored <HI>Virgil) Ari&s;totles</HI> Hi&s;to|ry
of Animals, and other parts,
<HI>Theophra&s;tus</HI> and <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI>
<PB N="49" REF="27">
of Plants, and a Collection
made out of &s;everal both Po|ets
and other Grecian Wri|ters.
For the Morals and Rhe|torick
<HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> may &s;uffice, or
<HI>Hermogenes</HI> and <HI>Longinus</HI> be
added for the latter; with
the Hi&s;tory of Animals they
&s;hould be &s;hewed Anatomy as
a Diverti&s;ement, and made to
know the Figures and Natures
of tho&s;e Creatures which are
not common among us, di&s;|abu&s;ing
them at the &s;ame time
of tho&s;e Errours which are u|niver&s;ally
admitted concern|ing
many. The &s;ame Method
&s;hould be u&s;ed to make them
acquainted with all Plants; and
to this mu&s;t be added a little of
<PB N="50" REF="28">
the ancient and modern Geo|graphy,
the under&s;tanding of
the Globes, and the Principles
of Geometry and A&s;tronomy.
They &s;hould likewi&s;e u&s;e to
declaim in Latine and Engli&s;h,
as the Romans did in Greek
and Latine; and in all this
travel be rather led on by fa|miliarity,
encouragement, and
emulation, then driven by
&s;everity, puni&s;hment, and ter|rour.
Upon Fe&s;tivals and play|times
they &s;hould exerci&s;e
them&s;elves in the Fields by ri|ding,
leaping, fencing, mu&s;te|ring
and training after the
manner of Souldiers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and
to prevent all dangers and all
di&s;order, there &s;hould always
<PB N="51" REF="28">
be two of the Scholars with
them to be as witne&s;&s;es and
directors of their actions; In
foul weather it would not be
ami&s;s for them to learn to
dance, that is, to learn ju&s;t &s;o
much (for all beyond is &s;uper|fluous,
if not wor&s;e) as may
give them a graceful comport|ment
of their bodies.</P>
<P>Upon <HI>Sundays,</HI> and all days
of Devotion, they are to be a
part of the Chaplains Pro|vince.</P>
<P>That for all the&s;e ends the
Colledge &s;o order it, as that
there may be &s;ome conveni|ent
&amp; plea&s;ant Hou&s;es there|abouts,
kept by religious, di&s;|creet,
and careful per&s;ons, for
<PB N="52" REF="29">
the lodging and boarding of
young Scholars, that they have
a con&s;tant eye over them to
&s;ee that they be bred up there
piou&s;ly, cleanly, and plenti|fully,
according to the pro|portion
of their parents ex|pences.</P>
<P>And that the Colledge,
when it &s;hall plea&s;e God ei|ther
by their own indu&s;try and
&s;ucce&s;s, or by the benevolence
of Patrons; to enrich them &s;o
far, as that it may come to
their turn and duty to be cha|ritable
to others, &s;hall at their
own charges erect and main|tain
&s;ome Hou&s;e or Hou&s;es for
the Entertainment of &s;uch
poor mens Sons who&s;e good
<PB N="53" REF="29">
Natural Parts may promi&s;e
either U&s;e or Ornament to the
Common-wealth, during the
time of their abode at School,
and &s;hall take care that it &s;hall
be done with the &s;ame conve|niences
as are enjoyed even by
rich mens Children (though
they maintain the fewer for
that cau&s;e) there being no|thing
of eminent and illu&s;tri|ous
to be expected from a low,
&s;ordid, and Ho&s;pital-like Edu|cation.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="conclusion">
<PB REF="30">
<PB REF="30">
<HEAD>Conclu&s;ion.</HEAD>
<P>IF I be not much abu|&s;ed
by a natural fond|ne&s;s
to my own Concep|tions
(that <GAP DESC="foreign"> of the
Greeks, which no other
Language has a proper
word for) there was never
any Project thought up|on,
which de&s;erves to
meet with &s;o few Adver|&s;aries
<PB REF="31">
as this; for who
can without impudent
folly oppo&s;e the e&s;tabli&s;h|ment
of twenty well &s;ele|cted
per&s;ons in &s;uch a
condition of Life, that
their whole bu&s;ine&s;s and
&s;ole profe&s;sion may be to
&s;tudy the improvement
and advantage of all o|ther
Profe&s;sions, from that
of the highe&s;t General e|ven
to the lowe&s;t Arti|&s;an?
Who &s;hall be obli|ged
to imploy their whole
<PB REF="31">
time, wit, learning, and
indu&s;try, to the&s;e four, the
mo&s;t u&s;eful that can be
imagined, and to no other
Ends; fir&s;t, to weigh, exa|mine,
and prove all things
of Nature delivered to us
by former ages, to detect,
explode, and &s;trike a cen|&s;ure
through all fal&s;e Mo|nies
with which the world
has been paid and cheated
&s;o long, and (as I may
&s;ay) to &s;et the mark of the
Colledge upon all true
<PB REF="32">
Coins that they may pa&s;s
hereafter without any far|ther
Tryal. Secondly, to
recover the lo&s;t Inventi|ons,
and, as it were,
Drown'd Lands of the
Ancients. Thirdly, to
improve all Arts which
we now have; And la&s;t|ly,
to di&s;cover others
which we yet have not.
And who &s;hall be&s;ides all
this (as a Benefit by the
by) give the be&s;t Educa|tion
in the world (purely
<PB REF="32">
<HI>gratis</HI>) to as many mens
Children as &s;hall think fit
to make u&s;e of the Obli|gation.
Neither does it
at all check or enterfere
with any parties in State
or Religion, but is indif|ferently
to be embraced
by all Differences in opi|nion,
and can hardly be
conceived capable (as ma|ny
good In&s;titutions
have done) even of De|generation
into any thing
harmful. So that, all things
<PB REF="33">
con&s;idered, I will &s;uppo&s;e
this Propo&s;ition &s;hall en|counter
with no Ene|mies,
the only Que&s;tion
is, whether it will find
Friends enough to carry
it on from Di&s;cour&s;e and
De&s;ign to Reality and Ef|fect;
the nece&s;&s;ary Ex|pences
of the Beginning
(for it will maintain it &s;elf
well enough afterwards)
being &s;o great (though I
have &s;et them as low as is
po&s;sible in order to &s;o va&s;t
<PB REF="33">
a work) that it may &s;eem
hopele&s;s to rai&s;e &s;uch a
&s;um out of tho&s;e few dead
Reliques of Humane
Charity and Publick Ge|nero&s;ity
which are yet re|maining
in the World.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
