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<DATE>2008-09-16</DATE>
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<NAME>Taryn Hakala</NAME>
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<P><HI>LEAH</HI> and <HI>RACHEL,</HI> OR, the Two Fruitfull Si&s;ters VIRGINIA, AND MARY-LAND: Their Pre&s;ent Condition, Im|partially &s;tated and related. VVITH <HI>A Removall of &s;uch Imputations as are &s;candalou&s;ly ca&s;t on tho&s;e Countries, whereby many deceived Souls, cho&s;e rather to Beg, Steal, rot in Pri&s;on, and come to &s;hamefull deaths, then to better their being by going thither, wherein is plenty of all things nece&s;&s;ary for Humane &s;ub&s;i&s;tance.</HI></P>
<P>By <HI>John Hammond.</HI></P>
<Q><BIBL><HI>Eccle&s;. 22. v. 8.</HI></BIBL>
<P>If children live hone&s;tly and have wherewith, they &s;hall put away the &s;hame of their Parents.</P></Q>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>T. Mabb,</HI> and are to be &s;old by <HI>Nich. Bourn,</HI> neer the Royall Exchange, 1656.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
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<HEAD><HI>TO</HI> His Honoured and Worthy Friends the Wor&s;hipfull <HI>William Stone</HI> E&s;quire, Governour; and Leivt. General of the Province of <HI>Mary-land. AND</HI> Mr. <HI>James William&s;on</HI> of <HI>Rapahanock</HI> in <HI>Virginia</HI> Gentleman.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Gentlemen,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>AS yee both are Eminent in your Places, and are as well beloved where ye live; and that your loves to each other are &s;uch, as I wi&s;h the Vnion between <HI>Vir|ginia</HI> and <HI>Mary-land</HI> to be, my Subject being concerning both places: I know none more fit then your &s;elves to Dedicate it to, (not &s;o much for your kindne&s;&s;es, which I have often ta&s;ted of (as that the truth hereof under your Patronage may obtain belief and credit: I crave your Pardons, for intruding this unknown to you,
<PB REF="3">
and u&s;ing your names to &s;o mean a piece; I have certified you wherefore I did it; to which I add, that I am de&s;irous the whole country may note your affections to each other; And that I dare in <HI>England</HI> own and Entitle him my Governour; that in <HI>Mary-land</HI> I fled for &s;ubmitting to. <HI>I</HI> &s;hall no further enlarg here more, then to let you know, that I am to tho&s;e Countries and Your &s;elves, an</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Humble Servant, and Well-wi&s;her while&s;t I am Jo. Hammond.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
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<HEAD>TO Tho&s;e two worthy Commanders and Marriners, Capt. <HI>Iohn Whittie,</HI> Commander of the good Ship, the <HI>Freeman,</HI> now bound for <HI>Virginia;</HI> And Capt. <HI>Sam. Tilghman,</HI> Commander of the <HI>Golden Fortune,</HI> now bound for the Province of <HI>MARY-LAND.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>SIRS,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>AS I have made choice of two Honourable Gen|tlemen, the one belonging to <HI>Virginia,</HI> the other to <HI>Mary-land;</HI> So I thought it not impertinent equally with them to Dedicate this to you two living in <HI>England,</HI> and &V;&s;ing the Trade of <HI>Virginia</HI> and <HI>Mary-land,</HI> that your &s;elves may judge and te&s;tifie, who well know the Country, that that I have not added to their worths, but rather been &s;paring of what is ju&s;tly their dues: For it is a received errour among&s;t the many &s;landers ca&s;t on the&s;e places, that we are &s;worn nei|ther to Speak nor Write but glo&s;&s;ingly of them; If we are &s;o &s;worn, they cannot believe yee are; and there|fore will credite your Affirmations, both places &s;peak worthily of you, both for affable u&s;age of your Pa&s;&s;en|gers, and noble deportments towards the inhabitants in tho&s;e Countries; and &s;o are yee both noted, that I wi&s;h yee were as well known to all &s;trangers de&s;irous to &s;hip them&s;elves thither, as to us that have lived there: They then would as much covet to be your Pa&s;&s;engers, as we that by experience have felt and known your good|ne&s;&s;e; many other Gentlemen of good repute u&s;es the Trade: but this I dare affirm, that though they may be
<PB REF="4">
had in equall e&s;teem, yet men more generally beloved and applauded I have not known, u&s;ing that Cour&s;e than your &s;elves: You know I flatter not; therefore I crave no excu&s;e, unle&s;&s;e for my pre&s;umption in this at|tempt; but &s;eeing unknown to your &s;elves, I have pub|li&s;hed your names here in Print, pray call me not to ac|count for it: This Book I confe&s;&s;e is not worthy of it, nor I of your angers; but how ever ye &s;ee it is pa&s;t, <HI>&amp; litera &s;cripta manet,</HI> yee mu&s;t either buy up and burn all, or ye will be found here, and I hope not blemi&s;ht in it, nor in owning the truth of,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your reall Servant, JOHN HAMMOND.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
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<HEAD><HI>Leah</HI> and <HI>Rachell,</HI> or the two fruit|full Si&s;ters of <HI>Virginia</HI> and <HI>Mary-land;</HI> their pre|&s;ent condition impartially &s;tated and related.</HEAD>
<P>IT is the glory of every Nation to enlarge them&s;elves, to encourage their own forraign attempts, and to be able to have of their own, within their own territories, as many &s;everal commodities as they can attain to, that &s;o others may rather be beholding to them, then they to others; and to this purpo&s;e have Encouragements, Privi|ledges and Emunities been given to any Di&s;coveries or Ad|venturers into remote Colonies, by all politique Common Wealths in the world.</P>
<P>But alas, we Engli&s;hmen (in all things el&s;e famous, and to other Countries terrible) do not onely faile in this, but vilifie, &s;candalize and cry down &s;uch parts of the unknown world, as have been found out, &s;etled and made flouri&s;hing, by the charge, hazzard and diligence of their own brethren, as if becau&s;e removed from us, we either account them peo|ple of another world or enemies.</P>
<P>This is too truly made good in the odiums and cruell &s;landers ca&s;t on tho&s;e two famous Countries of <HI>&V;irginia</HI> and
<PB N="2" REF="5">
<HI>Mary-land,</HI> whereby tho&s;e Countries, not onely are many times at a &s;tand, but are in danger to moulder away, and come in time to nothing; nor is there any thing but the fertility and natural gratefulne&s;&s;e of them, left a remedy to prevent it.</P>
<P>To let our own Nation (who&s;e common good I covet, and who&s;e Common wealths &s;ervant I am, as born to no other u&s;e) be made &s;en&s;ible of the&s;e injuries: I have under|taken in this Book to give the true &s;tate of tho&s;e places, ac|cording to the condition they are now in; and to declare either to di&s;tre&s;&s;ed or di&s;contented, that they need not doubt becau&s;e of any rumour detracting from their good|ne&s;&s;es, to remove and ca&s;t them&s;elves and Fortunes upon tho&s;e Countries, in which if I &s;hould deviate from the truth; I have at this pre&s;ent carping enemies in <HI>London</HI> enough, to contradict and cry down me and this, for Impo&s;tours. It is not long &s;ince I came from thence (God knows &s;ore a|gain&s;t my will) having lived there upward of one and twen|ty years; nor do I intend (by Gods a&s;&s;i&s;tance) to be long out of it again: and therefore can by experience, not hear|&s;ay (as <HI>Bullock</HI> and other lying Writters have done, who at randome or for their own private lucre have rendred their Books rediculous and them&s;elves infamous lyars, nor will I like them, over extoll the places, as if they were rather Pa|radices than earthly habitations; but truly let ye know, what they are, and how the people there live.) Which when impartially viewed, will undoubtedly clear up tho&s;e Fog|gy Mi&s;ts, that hath to their own ruine blinded and kept off many from going thither, who&s;e mi&s;eries and misfortunes by &s;taying in <HI>England</HI> are much to be lamented, and much to be pittied.</P>
<P>In re&s;pect the&s;e two Si&s;ter Countries (though di&s;tinct Governments) are much of one nature, both for produce and manner of living; I &s;hall only at pre&s;ent, Treat of the elder Si&s;ter <HI>Virginia,</HI> and in &s;peaking of that include both: And ere I leave off, &s;hall in particular rehear&s;e the unnatu|rall u&s;uage <HI>Mary-land</HI> the younger Si&s;ter, hath had, not by
<PB N="3" REF="5">
<HI>&V;irginia;</HI> but by tho&s;e Vipers &s;he hath received and har|boured with much kindne&s;&s;e and ho&s;pitalitie.</P>
<P>The Country is reported to be an unhealthy place, a ne&s;t of Rogues, whores, de&s;olute and rooking per&s;ons; a place of intolerable labour, bad u&s;age and hard Diet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>To An&s;wer the&s;e &s;everal calumnies, I &s;hall fir&s;t &s;hew what it was? next, what it is?</P>
<P>At the fir&s;t &s;ettling and many years after, it de&s;erved mo&s;t of tho&s;e a&s;per&s;ions (nor were they then a&s;per&s;ions but truths) it was not &s;ettled at the publique charge; but when found out, challenged, and maintained by Adventurers, who&s;e avarice and inhumanity, brought in the&s;e inconve|niences, which to this day brands <HI>&V;irginia.</HI></P>
<P>Then were Jayls emptied, youth &s;educed, infamous wo|men drilled in, the provi&s;ions all brought out of <HI>England,</HI> and that embezzelled by the Tru&s;tees (for they dur&s;t neither hunt fowl, nor Fi&s;h, for fear of the <HI>Indian,</HI> which they &s;tood in aw of, their labour was almo&s;t perpetuall, their allow|ance of victual &s;mall, few or no cattle, no u&s;e of hor&s;es nor oxen to draw or carry, (which labours men &s;upplyed them|&s;elves) all which cau&s;ed a mortality; no civil courts of ju&s;tice but under a Mar&s;hall law, no redre&s;&s;e of grievances, complaints were repaied with &s;tripes, moneys with &s;coffes, tortures made delights, and in a word all and the wor&s;t that tyrany could inflict or act, which when complained of in <HI>England:</HI> (but &s;o were they kept under that it was long ere they would &s;uffer complaints to come home) the bon|dage was taken of, the people &s;et free, and had lands a &s;igned to each of them to live of them&s;elves, and enjoy the benefit of their own indu&s;try; men then began to call what they laboured for their own, they fell to making them&s;elves convenient hou&s;ing to dwell in, to plant corne for their food, to range the wood for fle&s;h, the rivers for fowle and fi&s;h, to finde out &s;omwhat &s;taple for &s;upplie of cloathing, to continue a commerce, to purcha&s;e and breed cattle, &amp;c. but the bud of this growing happine&s;&s;e was again nipt by a cruell Ma&s;&s;acre committed by the Natives, which again pull'd them back and kept them under, enforcing them to
<PB N="4" REF="6">
get into Forts (&s;uch as the infancy of tho&s;e times afforded: they were taken off from planting; their provi&s;ions de|&s;troyed, their Cattle, Hogs, Hor&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> kill'd up, and brought to &s;uch want and penury, that di&s;ea&s;es grew rife, mortality exceeded; but receiving a &s;upply of men, amuni|tion and victuals out of <HI>England,</HI> they again gathered heart, pur&s;ued their enemies, and &s;o often wor&s;ted them, that the <HI>Indians</HI> were glad to &s;ue for peace, and they de&s;irous of a ce&s;&s;ation) con&s;ented to it.</P>
<P>They again began to bud forth, to &s;pread further, to ga|ther wealth, which they rather profu&s;ely &s;pent (as gotten with ea&s;e then providently husbanded, or aimed at any pub|lique good; or to make a Country for po&s;terity; but from hand to mouth, and for a pre&s;ent being; neglecting di&s;coveries, planting of Orchards, providing for the Win|ter pre&s;ervation of their &s;tocks, or thinking of any thing &s;taple or firm; and while&s;t Tobacco, the onely Commodi|ty they had to &s;ub&s;i&s;t on bore a price, they wholy and ea|gerly followed that, neglecting their very planting of Corn, and much relyed on <HI>England</HI> for the chiefe&s;t part of their provi&s;ions; &s;o that being not alwayes amply &s;uppli|ed, they were often in &s;uch want, that their ca&s;e and con|dition being related in <HI>England,</HI> it hindred and kept off many from going thither, who rather ca&s;t their eyes on the Barren and freezing &s;oyle of <HI>New-England,</HI> than to joyn with &s;uch an idigent and &s;otti&s;h people,) is were reported to be in <HI>Virginia.</HI></P>
<P>Yet was not <HI>Virginia</HI> all this while without divers hone&s;t and vertuous inhabitants, who ob&s;erving the general neg|lect and licen&s;iou&s;ne&s;&s;es there, cau&s;ed A&s;&s;emblies to be call'd and Laws to be made tending to the glory of God, the &s;e|vere &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of vices, and the compelling them not to neglect (upon &s;trickt puni&s;hments) planting and tending &s;uch quantities of Corn, as would not onely &s;erve them|&s;elves, their Cattel and Hogs plentifully, but to be ena|bled to &s;upply <HI>New England</HI> (then in want) with &s;uch pro|portions, as were extream reliefs, to them in their nece&s;&s;i|ties.</P>
<P><PB N="5" REF="6">From this indu&s;try of theirs and great plenty of Corn, (the main &s;taffe of life) proceeded that great plenty of Cat|tel and Hogs, (now innumerable) and out of which not on|ly <HI>New England</HI> hath been &s;tocked and relieved, but all other parts of the <HI>Indies</HI> inhabited by Engli&s;hmen.</P>
<P>The inhabitants now finding the benefit of their indu|&s;tries, began to look with delight on their increa&s;ing &s;tocks: (as nothing more plea&s;urable then profit) to take pride in their plentifully furni&s;hed Tables, to grow not onely civil, but great ob&s;ervers of the Sabbath, to &s;tand upon their re|putations, and to be a&s;hamed of that notorious manner of life they had formerly lived and wallowed in.</P>
<P>They then began to provide and &s;end home for Go&s;pel Mini&s;ters, and largely contributed for their maintenance; But <HI>&V;irginia</HI> &s;avouring not hand&s;omely in <HI>England,</HI> very few of good conver&s;ation would adventure thither, (as thinking it a place wherein &s;urely the fear of God was not) yet many came, &s;uch as wore Black Coats, and could babble in a Pulpet, roare in a Tavern, exact from their Pari&s;honers, and rather by their di&s;&s;olutene&s;&s;e de&s;troy than feed their Flocks.</P>
<P>Loath was the Country to be wholy without Teachers, and therefore rather retain the&s;e then to be de&s;titute; yet &s;till endeavours for better in their places, which were ob|tained, and the&s;e Wolves in &s;heeps cloathing, by their A&s;|&s;emblies que&s;tioned, &s;ilenced, and &s;ome forced to depart the Country.</P>
<P>Then began the Go&s;pel to flouri&s;h, civil, honourable, and men of great <GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tates flocked in: famous buildings went for|ward, Orchards innumerable were planted and pre&s;erved; Trade&s;men &s;et on work and encouraged, &s;taple Commo|dities, as Silk, Flax, Pot-a&s;hes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of which I &s;hall &s;peak further hereafter, attempted on, and with good &s;ucce&s;&s;e brought to perfection; &s;o that this Country which had a mean beginning, many back friends, two ruinous and bloody Ma&s;&s;acres, hath by Gods grace out-grown all, and is become a place of plea&s;ure and plenty.</P>
<P><PB N="6" REF="7">And having briefly laid down the former &s;tate of <HI>&V;irgi|nia,</HI> in its Infancy, and filth, and the occa&s;ion of its &s;can|dalous a&s;per&s;ions: I come to my main &s;ubject, its pre&s;ent Condition and Hapine&s;&s;e (if any thing can be ju&s;tly called happy in this tran&s;atory life (otherwi&s;e then as ble&s;&s;ings which in the well u&s;ing whereof, a future happine&s;&s;e may be expected.)</P>
<P>I affi<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">me the Country to be whole&s;ome, healthy and fruitfull; and a modell on which indu&s;try may as much im|prove it &s;elf in, as in any habitable part of the World; yet not &s;uch a Lubberland as the Fiction of the land of Ea&s;e, is reported to be, nor &s;uch a <HI>&V;topian</HI> as St. <HI>Thomas Moore</HI> hath related to be found out.</P>
<P>In the Countries minority, and before they had well cleared the ground to let in ayre (which now is otherwi&s;e) many imputed the &s;tifling of the wood to be the cau&s;e of &s;uch &s;ickne&s;&s;e; but I rather think the contrary; for di|vers new Rivers lately &s;ettled, were at their fir&s;t comming upon them as woody as <HI>James</HI> Rivers, the fir&s;t place they &s;etled in, and yet tho&s;e Rivers are as healthy as any former &s;etled place in <HI>Virginia</HI> or <HI>England</HI> it &s;elf: I believe (and that not without rea&s;on) it was only want of &s;uch diet as be&s;t agreed with our Engli&s;h natures, good drinks and whole|&s;ome lodgings were the cau&s;e of &s;o much &s;ickne&s;&s;es, as were formerly frequent, which we have now amended; and therefore enjoy better healths; to which I add, and that by experience &s;ince my comming into <HI>England,</HI> and many (if not all <HI>&V;irginians</HI> can do the like,) that change of ayre does much alter the &s;tate of our bodies: by which many travel|lers thither may expect &s;ome &s;ickne&s;s, yet little danger of mortality.</P>
<P>A Geographicall de&s;cription of the Country I &s;hall not attempt (as having littles kill in the Mathematicks) enough of that hath been formerly Written; nor is it a place now to learn to di&s;cover. I &s;hall abhor to &s;pirit over any; but go along with &s;uch as are voluntarily de&s;irous to go thither, and lead them with my blunt relation (for truth knows little of eloquence) aboard the Ships thither bound, and
<PB N="7" REF="7">
carrying you into the Country, &s;hew you the courte&s;ie of the place, the, di&s;po&s;ition of the Inhabitants, the commodi|ties, and give all &s;orts of people advice how and where to &s;et down for their pre&s;ent benefit and future accommoda|tion.</P>
<P>If any are minded to repair thither, if they are not in a capacity to defray their own charges (if they are I wi&s;h they might and &s;o be at their own di&s;po&s;ing) let them not be &s;educed by tho&s;e mercinary &s;pirits that know little of the place, nor aime at any good of theirs, but onely by foy&s;ting and flattering them to gain a reward of tho&s;e they procure them for; beware them, for it is not only hab nab whether ye go to a good &s;ervice or a bad, but &s;candalous to your &s;elves to be &s;o &s;educed, and it were good and very ju&s;t that &s;uch vagabond people were &s;everely puni&s;hed, as great betrayers of their own Nation, for ye cannot imagine but there are as well bad &s;ervices as good; but I &s;hall &s;hew ye if any happen into the hands of &s;uch crooked di&s;po&s;iti|ons, how to order them and ea&s;e your &s;elves, when I come to treat of the ju&s;tice of the Country, which many being ig|norant of &s;uffer inconveniences, which by this they may prevent.</P>
<P>Let &s;uch as are &s;o minded not ra&s;hly throw them&s;elves upon the voyage, but ob&s;erve the nature, and enquire the qualities of the per&s;ons with whom they ingage to tran&s;|port them&s;elves, or if (as not acquainted with &s;uch as in|habit there, but go with Merchants and Mariners, who tran&s;port them to others,) let their covenant be &s;uch, that after their arrival they have a fortnights time a&s;&s;igned them to enquire of their Ma&s;ter, and make choyce of &s;uch as they intend to expire their time with, nor let that brand of &s;el|ling of &s;ervants, be any di&s;couragement to deter any from going, for if a time mu&s;t be &s;erved, it is all one with whom it be &s;erved, provided they be people of hone&s;t repute, with which the Country is well repleni&s;hed.</P>
<P>And be &s;ure to have your contract in writing and under hand and &s;eal, for if ye go over upon promi&s;e made to do this or that, or to be free or your own men, it &s;ignifies no|thing,
<PB N="8" REF="8">
for by a law of the Country (waving all promi&s;es) a|ny one coming in, and not paying their own pa&s;&s;ages, mu&s;t &s;erve if men or women four years, if younger according to their years, but where an Inden<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">ure is, that is binding and ob&s;erving.</P>
<P>The u&s;uall allowance for &s;ervants is (be&s;ides their charge of pa&s;&s;age defrayed) at their expiration, a years provi&s;ion of corne, dubble apparrell, tooles nece&s;&s;ary, and land ac|cording to the cu&s;tome of the Country, which is an old de|lu&s;ion, for there is no land accu&s;tomary due to the &s;ervant, but to the Ma&s;ter, and therefore that &s;ervant is unwi&s;e that will not da&s;h out that cu&s;tom in his covenant, and make that due of land ab&s;olutely his own, which although at the pre&s;ent, not of &s;o great con&s;equence; yet in few years will be of much worth, as I &s;hall hereafter make manife&s;t.</P>
<P>When ye go aboard, expect the Ship &s;omewhat troubled and in a hurliburly, untill ye cleer the lands end; and that the Ship is rummaged, and things put to rights, which many times di&s;courages the Pa&s;&s;engers, and makes them wi&s;h the Voyage unattempted: but this is but for a &s;hort &s;ea&s;on, and wa&s;hes off when at Sea, where the time is plea|&s;antly pa&s;&s;ed away, though not with &s;uch choi&s;e plenty as the &s;hore affords.</P>
<P>But when ye arrive and are &s;ettled, ye will find a &s;trange alteration, an abu&s;ed Country giving the lye in your own approbations to tho&s;e that have calumniated ir, and the&s;e infalable arguments may convince all incredible and ob|&s;tinate opinions, concerning the goodne&s;&s;e and delight|fulne&s;&s;e of the Country, that never any &s;ervants of late times have gone thither; but in their Letters to their Friends commend and approve of the place, and rather in|vite than di&s;&s;wade their acquaintance from comming thi|ther. An other is this, that &s;eldom (if ever) any that hath continued in <HI>&V;irginia</HI> any time, will or do de&s;ire to live in <HI>England,</HI> but po&s;t back with what expedition they can; al|though many are landed men in <HI>England,</HI> and have good E|&s;tates here, and divers wayes of preferments propounded to them, to entice and per&s;wade their continuance.</P>
<P><PB N="9" REF="8">The Country is as I &s;aid of a temperate nature, the dayes, in &s;ummer not &s;o long as in <HI>England,</HI> in winter longer; it is &s;omewhat hotter in <HI>June, July</HI> and <HI>Augu&s;t</HI> then here, but that heat &s;weetly allayed by a continual breaze of winde, which never failes to cool and refre&s;h the labourer and tra|veller; the cold &s;eldom approaches &s;encibly untill about <HI>Chri&s;tmas,</HI> (although the la&s;t winter was hard and the wor&s;t I or any living there ever knew) and when winter comes, (which is &s;uch and no wor&s;e then is in <HI>England,</HI>) it conti|nues two monthes &s;eldom longer, often not &s;o long and in that time although here &s;eldom hard-weather keep men from labour, yet there no work is done all winter except dre&s;&s;ing their own victuals and making of fires.</P>
<P>The labour &s;ervants are put to, is not &s;o hard nor of &s;uch continuance as Husbandmen, nor Handecraft|men are kept at in <HI>England,</HI> as I &s;aid litle or nothing is done in winter time, none ever work before &s;un ri&s;ing nor after &s;un &s;et, in the &s;ummer they re&s;t, &s;leep or exerci&s;e them&s;elves five houres in the heat of the day, Saturdays afternoon is alwayes their own, the old Holidayes are ob&s;erved and the Sabboath &s;pent in good exerci&s;es.</P>
<P>The Women are not (as is reported) put into the ground to worke, but occupie &s;uch dome&s;tique imployments and hou&s;wifery as in <HI>England,</HI> that is dre&s;&s;ing victuals, righting up the hou&s;e, milking, imployed about dayries, wa&s;hing, &s;owing, &amp;c. and both men and women have times of re|creations, as much or more than in any part of the world be&s;ides, yet &s;om wenches that are na&s;ty, bea&s;tly and not fit to be &s;o imployed are put into the ground, for rea&s;on tells us, they mu&s;t not at charge be tran&s;ported and then man|tained for nothing, but tho&s;e that prove &s;o aukward are ra|ther burthen&s;om then &s;ervants de&s;irable or u&s;efull.</P>
<P>The Country is fruitfull, apt for all and more then <HI>Eng|land</HI> can or does produce, the u&s;uall diet is &s;uch as in <HI>Eng|land,</HI> for the rivers afford innumerable &s;ortes of choyce fi&s;h, (if they will take the paines to make wyers or hier the Natives, who for a &s;mall matter will undertake it,) winter and &s;ummer, and that in many places &s;ufficient to
<PB N="10" REF="9">
&s;erve the u&s;e of man, and to fatten hoggs, water-fowle of all &s;ortes are (with admiration to be &s;poken of) plentifull, and ea&s;te to be killed, yet by many degrees more plentifull in &s;ome places then in other&s;ome, Deare all over the Coun|try, and in many places &s;o many, that veni&s;on is accounted a tire&s;om meat, wilde Turkeys are frequent, and &s;o large that I have &s;een &s;ome weigh neer three&s;core pounds; other bea&s;ts there are who&s;e fle&s;h is whol&s;om and &s;avourie, &s;uch are unknowne to us; and therefore I will not &s;tuffe my book with &s;uperfluous, relation of their names; huge Oy|&s;ters and &s;tore in all parts where the &s;alt-water comes.</P>
<P>The Country is exceedingly repleni&s;hed with Neat cat|tle, Hoggs, Goats and Tame-fowle, but not many &s;heep; &s;o that mutton is &s;omwhat &s;carce but that defect is &s;upplied with &s;tore of Veni&s;on; other fle&s;h and fowle, the Country is full of gallant Orchards, and the fruit generally more lu&s;cious and delightfull then here, witne&s;&s;e the Peach and Quince, the latter may be eaten raw &s;avourily, the former differs and as much exceeds ours as the be&s;t reli&s;hed apple we have doth the crabb, and of both mo&s;t excellent and comfortable drinks are made, Grapes in infinite manners grow wilde, &s;o do Walnuts, Smalnuts, Che&s;nuts and a|bundance of excellent fruits, Plums and Berries, not grow|ing or known in <HI>England;</HI> graine we have, both <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> and <HI>Indian</HI> for bread and Bear, and Pea&s;e be&s;ides <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> of ten &s;e|veral &s;orts, all exceeding ours in <HI>England,</HI> the gallant root of Potatoes are common, and &s;o are all &s;orts of rootes, herbes and Garden &s;tuffe.</P>
<P>It mu&s;t needs follow then that diet cannot be &s;carce, &s;ince both rivers and woods affords it, and that &s;uch plen|ty of Cattle and Hoggs are every where, which yeeld beefe, milk, butter, chee&s;e and other made di&s;hes, porke, bacon, and pigs, and that as &s;weet and &s;avoury meat as the world affords, the&s;e with the help of Orchards and Gardens, Oy|&s;ters, Fi&s;h, Fowle and Veni&s;on, certainly cannot but be &s;ufficient for a good deit and whol&s;om accommodation, con&s;idering how plentifully they are, and how ea&s;ie with indu&s;try to be had.</P>
<P><PB N="11" REF="9">Beare is indeed in &s;ome place con&s;tantly drunken, in o|ther &s;ome, nothing but Water or Milk, and Water or Beve|rige; and that is where the goodwives, if I may &s;o call them, are negligent and idle; for it is not for want of Corn to make Malt with (for the Country affords enough) but be|cau&s;e they are &s;loathfull and carele&s;&s;e: but I hope this item will &s;hame them out of tho&s;e humours, that they will be adjudged by their drink, what kinde of Hou&s;ewives they are.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e Servants that will be indu&s;trious may in their time of &s;ervice gain a competent e&s;tate before their Free|domes, which is u&s;ually done by many, and they gaine e|&s;teem and a&s;&s;i&s;tance that appear &s;o indu&s;trious: There is no Ma&s;ter almo&s;t but will allow his Servant a parcell of clear ground to plant &s;ome Tobacco in for him&s;elf, which he may husband at tho&s;e many idle times he hath allowed him and not prejudice, but rejoyce his Ma&s;ter to &s;ee it, which in time of Shipping he may lay out for commodities, and in Summer &s;ell them again with advantage, and get a Sow-Pig or two, which any body almo&s;t will give him, and his Ma&s;ter &s;uffer him to keep them with his own, which will be no charge to his Ma&s;ter, and with one years increa&s;e of them may purcha&s;e a Cow Calf or two, and by that time he is for him&s;elf; he may have Cattel, Hogs and Tobacco of his own, and come to live gallantly; but this mu&s;t be gained (as I &s;aid) by Indu&s;try and affability, not by &s;loath nor churli&s;h behaviour.</P>
<P>And whereas it is rumoured that Servants have no lodg|ing other then on boards, or by the Fire &s;ide, it is contra|ry to rea&s;on to believe it; Fir&s;t, as we are Chri&s;tians; next as people living under a law, which compels as well the Ma&s;ter as the Servant to perform his duty; nor can true la|bour be either expected or exacted without &s;ufficient cloa|thing, diet, and lodging; all which both their Indentures (which mu&s;t inviolably be ob&s;erved) and the Ju&s;tice of the Country requires.</P>
<P>But if any go thither, not in a condition of a Servant, but pay his or her pa&s;&s;age, which is &s;ome &s;ix pounds: Let
<PB N="12" REF="10">
them not doubt but it is money well layd out (yet howe|ver let them not fall (although they carry little el&s;e to take a Bed along with them, and then few Hou&s;es but will give them entertainment, either out of curte&s;ie, or on rea&s;onable tearms; and I think it better for any that goes over free, and but in a mean condition, to hire him&s;elf for rea&s;on|able wages of Tobacco and Provi&s;ion, the fir&s;t year, provi|ded he happen in an hone&s;t hou&s;e, and where the Mi&s;tre&s;&s;e is noted for a good Hou&s;ewife, of which there are very ma|ny (notwith&s;tanding the cry to the contrary) for by that means he will live free of disbur&s;ment, have &s;omething to help him the next year, and be carefully looked to in his &s;ickne&s;&s;e (if he chance to fall &s;ick) and let him &s;o covenant that exceptions may be made, that he work not much in the hot weather, a cour&s;e we alwayes take with our new hands (as they call them) the fir&s;t year they come in.</P>
<P>If they are women that go after this manner, that is pay|ing their own pa&s;&s;age; I advi&s;e them to &s;ojourn in a hou&s;e of hone&s;t repute, for by their good carriage, they may advance them&s;elves in marriage, by their ill, overthow their fortunes; and although loo&s;e per&s;ons &s;eldome live long unmarried if free; yet they match with as de&s;olute as them&s;elves, and never live hand&s;omly or are ever re&s;pected.</P>
<P>For any that come over free, and are minded to dyet and quarter in another mans hou&s;e, it matters not whether they know on what term or conditions they are there; for by an excellent Decree, made by Sir <HI>William Berkly,</HI> when Governour; (as indeed he was the Author of many good Laws:) It was ordered, that if any inhabitant received any &s;tranger Merchant, or border into their hou&s;es, and did not condition in Writing with him or them &s;o entertained on what tearms he received them, it &s;hould be &s;uppo&s;ed an in|vitation, an no &s;atisfaction &s;hould be allowed or recovered in any Court of Ju&s;tice; thereby giving notice that no &s;tranger coming into the Country &s;hould be drilled in, or made a purcha&s;e of under colour of friend&s;hip: but that the Inhabitants at fir&s;t coming &s;hall let them know how they mean to deal with them, that if they like not the
<PB N="13" REF="10">
terms they may remove them&s;elves at plea&s;ure; a Law &s;o good and commendable, that it is never like to be revoked or altered.</P>
<P>Now for tho&s;e that carry over Families and e&s;tates with a determination to inhabit, my advice is that they neither &s;ojourn for that will be chargeable; nor on the &s;udden purcha&s;e, for that may prove unfortunate; but that they for the fir&s;t year hire a hou&s;e (for &s;eats are alwayes to be hi|red) and by that means, they will not onely finde content and live at a cheap rate, but be acquainted in the Country and learn the worth and goodne&s;&s;e of the Plantation they mean to purcha&s;e; and &s;o not ra&s;hly intangle them&s;elves in an ill bargain, or finde where a convenient parcell of Land is for their turns to be taken up.</P>
<P>Yet are the Inhabitants generally affable, courteous and very a&s;&s;i&s;tant to &s;trangers (for what but plenty makes ho&s;pitality and good neighbour hood) and no &s;ooner are they &s;ettled, but they will be vi&s;iting, pre&s;enting and ad|vicing the &s;tranger how to improve what they have, how to better their way of livelihood.</P>
<P>Ju&s;tice is there duly and daily admini&s;tred; hardly can any travaile two miles together, but they will finde a Ju|&s;tice, which hath power of him&s;elf to hear and determine mean differences, to &s;ecure and binde over notorious offen|ders, of which very few are in the Country.</P>
<P>In every County are Courts kept, every two moneths, and oftener if occa&s;ion require, in which Courts all things are determined without exceptions; and if any di&s;like the proceedings of tho&s;e Courts, they have liberty to appeal to the Quarter Court, which is four times a year; and from thence to the A&s;&s;embly, which is once or oftner eve|ry year: So that I am confident, more &s;peedy Ju&s;tice and with &s;maller charge is not in any place to be found.</P>
<P>The&s;t is &s;eldome puni&s;hed (as being &s;eldome or never committed; for as the Proverb is, where there are no re|ceivers, there are no thieves; and although Doores are nightly left open (e&s;p<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">ci<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">lly in the Summer time) Hedges hanging full of Cloathes; Plate frequently u&s;;ed among&s;t
<PB N="14" REF="11">
all comers and goers (and there is good &s;tore of Plate in many hou&s;es) yet I never heard of any lo&s;&s;e ever received either in Plate, Linnen, or any thing el&s;e out of their Hou|&s;es all the time I inhabited there.</P>
<P>Indeed I have known &s;ome &s;uffer for &s;tealing of Hogs, (but not &s;ince they have been plentifull) and whereas Hog&s;tealing was once puni&s;hed with death, it is now made penal, and re&s;titution given very amply to the owner thereof.</P>
<P>Ca&s;es of Murther are puni&s;hed as in <HI>England,</HI> and Juries allowed, as well in Criminal cau&s;es, as in all other diffe|rences between party and party, if they de&s;ire it.</P>
<P>Servants complaints are freely harkened to, and (if not cau&s;le&s;ly made) their Ma&s;ters are compelled either &s;peedi|ly to amend, or they are removed upon &s;econd complaint to another &s;ervice; and often times not onely &s;et free, if the abu&s;e merit it, but ordered to give reparation and damage to their &s;ervant.</P>
<P>The Country is very full of &s;ober, mode&s;t per&s;ons, both men and women, and many that truly fear God and fol|low that perfect rule of our ble&s;&s;ed Saviour, to do as they would be done by; and of &s;uch a happy inclination is the Country, that many who in <HI>England</HI> have been lewd and idle, there in emulation or imitation (for example moves more then precept) of the indu&s;try of tho&s;e they finde there, not onely grow a&s;hamed of their former cour&s;es, but abhor to hear of them, and in &s;mall time wipe off tho&s;e &s;tains they have formerly been tainted with; yet I cannot but confe&s;&s;e, there are people wicked enough (as what Coun|try is free) for we know &s;ome natures will never be re|formed, but the&s;e mu&s;t follow the Fryers rule, <HI>Si non ca&s;te, tamen cante;</HI> for if any be known, either to prophane the Lords day or his Name, be found drunk, commit whore|dome, &s;candalize or di&s;turb his neighbour, or give offence to the world by living &s;u&s;piciou&s;ly in any bad cour&s;es; there are for each of the&s;e, &s;evere and whol&s;ome laws and remedies made, provided and duly put in execution: I can confidently affirm, that &s;ince my being in <HI>England,</HI> which is
<PB N="15" REF="11">
not yet four moneths, I have been an eye and ear witne&s;&s;e of more deceits and villanies (and &s;uch as mode&s;ty forbids me to utter) then I either ever &s;aw or heard mention made of in <HI>Virginia,</HI> in my one and twenty years aboad in tho&s;e parts.</P>
<P>And therefore tho&s;e that &s;hall blemi&s;h <HI>Virginia</HI> any more, do but like the Dog bark again&s;t the Moon, untill they be blind and weary; and <HI>Virginia</HI> is now in that &s;ecure grow|ing condition, that like the Moon &s;o barked at, &s;he will pa&s;&s;e on her cour&s;e, maugre all detractors, and a few years will bring it to that glorious happine&s;&s;e, that many of her calumniators, will intercede to procure admittance thi|ther, when it will be hard to be attained to; for in &s;mal time, little land will be to be taken up; and after a while none at all; and as the Mulberry Trees grows up, which are by every one planted, Tobacco will be laid by, and we &s;hall wholy fall to making of Silk (a Sample of 400 l. hath already been &s;ent for <HI>England,</HI> and approved of) which will require little labour; and therefore &s;hall have little u&s;e of Servants; be&s;ides, Children increa&s;e and thrive &s;o well there, that they them&s;elves will &s;ufficiently &s;upply the defect of Servants: And in &s;mall time become a Nation of them&s;elves &s;ufficient to people the Country: And this good policy is there u&s;ed; As the Children there born grow to maturity, and capable (as they are generally very capable and apt) they are &s;till preferred and put into au|thority, and carry them&s;elves therein civilly and di&s;cret|ly; and few there are but are able to give &s;ome Portions with their daughters, more or le&s;&s;e, according to their a|bilities; &s;o that many comming out of <HI>England</HI> have rai&s;ed them&s;elves good fortunes there meerly by matching with Maidens born in the Country.</P>
<P>And therefore I cannot but admire, and indeed much pitty the dull &s;tupidity of people nece&s;&s;itated in <HI>England,</HI> who rather then they will remove them&s;elves, live here a ba&s;e, &s;lavi&s;h, penurious life; as if there were a nece&s;&s;ity to live and to live &s;o, choo&s;ing rather then they will for&s;ake <HI>England</HI> to &s;tuff <HI>New-gate, Bridewell,</HI> and other, Jayles with
<PB N="16" REF="12">
their carke&s;&s;ies, nay cleave to tyburne it &s;elfe; and &s;o bring confu&s;ion to their &s;ouls horror and infamine to their kindred or po&s;teritie, others itch out their weari&s;om lives in reliance of other mens charities, an uncertaine and unmanly expectation; &s;ome more abhorring &s;uch cour&s;es betake them&s;elves to almo&s;t perpetuall and re&s;tle&s;&s;e toyle and druggeries out of which (whil&s;t their &s;trength la&s;teth) they (ob&s;erving hard diets, earlie and late houres) make hard &s;hif<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter"> to &s;ub&s;i&s;t from hand to mouth, untill age or &s;ickne&s;&s;e takes them off from labour and directs them the way to beggerie, and &s;uch indeed are to be pittied, relieved and provided for.</P>
<P>I have &s;eriou&s;ly con&s;idered when I have (pa&s;&s;ing the &s;treets) heard the &s;everal Cryes, and noting the commmo|dities, and the worth of them they have carried and cryed up and down; how po&s;&s;ibly a livelihood could be exacted out of them, as to cry Matches, Smal-coal, Blacking, Pen and Ink, Thred-laces, and a hundred more &s;uch kinde of trifling merchandizes; then looking on the na&s;tine&s;&s;e of their linnen habits and bodies: I conclude it gain &s;uffi|cient could be rai&s;ed out of them for &s;ub&s;i&s;tance; yet their manner of living was degenerate and ba&s;e; and their con|dition to be far below the meane&s;t &s;ervant in <HI>Virginia&punc;</HI></P>
<P>The other day, I &s;aw a man heavily loaden with a burden of Faggots on his back, crying, Dry Faggots, Dry Faggots; he travailed much ground, bawled frequently, and &s;weat with his burthen: but I &s;aw none buy any, neer three houres I followed him, in which time he re&s;ted, I en|tered into di&s;cour&s;e with him, offered him drink, which he thankfully accepted of (as de&s;irous to learn the mi&s;tery of his trade) I enquired what he got by each burden when &s;old? he an&s;wered me three pence: I further asked him what he u&s;ually got a day? he replyed, &s;ome dayes nothing &s;ome dayes &s;ix pence; &s;ome time more, but &s;eldome; me thought it was a pittifull life, and I admired how he could live on it; And yet it were dangerous to advi&s;e the&s;e wretches to better their conditions by travaile, for fear of the cry of, a &s;pirit, a &s;pirit.</P>
<P><PB N="17" REF="12">The country is not only plentifull but plea&s;ant and profitable, plea&s;ant in regard of the brightne&s;&s;e of the weather, the many delightfull rivers, on which the in|habitants are &s;ettled (every man almo&s;t living in &s;ight of a lovely river) the abundance of game, the extraordi|nary good neighbour-hood and loving conver&s;ation they have one with the other.</P>
<P>Plea&s;ant in their building, which although for mo&s;t part they are but one &s;tory be&s;ides the loft, and built of wood, yet contrived &s;o delightfull, that your ordinary hou&s;es in England are not &s;o hand&s;ome, for u&s;ually the rooms are large, daubed and whitelimed, glazed &amp; flowered, and if not gl<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">zed windows, &s;hutters which are made very pritty and convenient.</P>
<P>Plea&s;ant in ob&s;erving their &s;tocks and flockes of Cattle, Hoggs, and Poultry, grazing, whisking and skipping in their &s;ights, plea&s;ant in having all things of their own, growing or breeding without drawing the peny to &s;end for this and that, without which, in England they cannot be &s;upplyed.</P>
<P>The manner of living and trading there is thus, each man almo&s;t lives a free-holder, nothing but the value of 12. d. a year to be paid as rent, for every 50. Acrees of land; firing co&s;t nothing every man plants his own corne and neede take no care for bread: if any thing be bought, it is for comodity, exchanged pre&s;ently, or for a day, payment is u&s;uall made but once a year, and for that Bill taken (for accounts are not pleadable.)</P>
<P>In &s;ummer when fre&s;h meat will not keep (&s;eeing every man kils of his own, and quantities are inconve|nient, they lend from one to another, &s;uch portions of fle&s;h as they can &s;pare, which is repaied again when the borrowers kils his.</P>
<P>If any fall &s;ick, and cannot compa&s;&s;e to follow his crope which if not followed, will &s;oon be lo&s;t, the ad|joyning neighbour, will either voluntarily or upon a
<PB N="18" REF="13">
reque&s;t joyn together, and work in it by &s;pels, untill the honour recovers, and that gratis, &s;o that no man by &s;ickne&s;&s;e loo&s;e any part of his years worke.</P>
<P>Let any travell, it is without charge, and at every hou&s;e is entertainment as in a ho&s;tery, and with it hearty welcome are &s;tranger entertained.</P>
<P>In a word, <HI>Virginia</HI> wants not good victual, wants not good di&s;po&s;itions, and as God hath freely be&s;towed it, they as freely impart with it, yet are there a&s;wel bad natures as good.</P>
<P>The profit of the country is either by their la|bour, their &s;tockes, or their trades.</P>
<P>By their labours is produced corne and Tobacco, and all other growing provi&s;ions, and this Tobacco however now low-rated, yet a good maintenance may be had out of it, (for they have nothing of nece&s;&s;ity but cloathing to purcha&s;&s;e) or can this mean price of To|bacco long hold, for the&s;e rea&s;ons, Fir&s;t that in Eng|land it is prohibited, next that they have attained of late tho&s;e &s;orts equall with the be&s;t Spani&s;h, Thirdly that the &s;ickne&s;&s;e in Holland is decrea&s;ing, which hath been a great ob&s;truction to the &s;ail of Tobacco.</P>
<P>And la&s;tly, that as the mulbery tree grows up, tobacco will be neglected and &s;ilke, flax, two &s;taple commo|dities generally fallen upon.</P>
<P>Of the increa&s;e of cattle and hoggs, much advantage is made, by &s;elling biefe, porke, and bacon, and butter <HI>&amp;c.</HI> either to &s;hipping, or to &s;end to the Barbadoes, and other I&s;lands, and he is a very poor man that hath not &s;ometimes provi&s;ion to put off.</P>
<P>By trading with Indians for Skine, Beaver, Furres and other commodities oftentimes good profits are rai&s;ed; The Indians are in ab&s;olute &s;ubjection to the Engli&s;h, &s;o that they both pay tribute to them and re|ceive all their &s;everall king from them, and as one dies they repair to the Engli&s;h for a &s;ucce&s;&s;or &s;o that
<PB N="19" REF="13">
none neede doubt it a place of &s;ecuritie.</P>
<P>Several ways of advancement there are and imploy|ments both for the learned and laborer, recreation for the gentry, traffique for the adventurer, congregations for the mini&s;trie (and oh that God would &s;tir, up the hearts of more to go over, &s;uch as would teach good doctrine, and not paddle in faction, or &s;tate matters; they could not want maintenance, they would find an a&s;&s;i&s;ting, an imbracing, a conforming people.)</P>
<P>It is knowne (&s;uch preferment hath this Country rewarded the indu&s;trious with) that &s;ome from be|ing wool-hoppers and of as mean and meaner imploy|ment in England have there grown great merchants, and attained to the mo&s;t eminent advancements the Country afforded. If men cannot gaine (by diligence) &s;tates in tho&s;e parts.) I &s;peake not only mine owne opinion, but divers others, and &s;omething by experi|ence) it will hardly be done (unle&s;&s;e by meere lucke as gam&s;ters thrive, and other accidentals in any other part what&s;oever.</P>
<P>Now having briefly &s;et down the pre&s;ent &s;tate of <HI>Virginia</HI> not in fiction, but in realitie, I wi&s;h the ju|ditious reader to con&s;ider what di&s;like can be had of the Country, or upon what grounds it is &s;o infamou&s;ly injured, I only therein covet to &s;top tho&s;e blackmou|thed babblers, that not only have and do abu&s;e &s;o no|ble a plantation, but abu&s;e Gods great ble&s;&s;ing in ad|ding to England &s;o flouri&s;hing a branch, in per&s;wading many &s;ouls, rather to follow de&s;parate and mi&s;erable cour&s;es in England, then to ingage in &s;o honorable an undertaking as to travile and inhabite there: but to tho&s;e I &s;hall (if admonition will not worke on their recreant &s;pirits) only &s;ay. Let him that <HI>is filthie be filthie &s;till.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="addendum">
<PB N="20" REF="14">
<HEAD>Mary-lands Additions.</HEAD>
<P>_HAving for 19. yeare &s;erved <HI>Virginia</HI> the el|der &s;i&s;ter, I ca&s;ting my eye on Mary-land the younger, grew in amoured on her beauty, re&s;olving like Jacob when he had fir&s;t &s;erved for Leah, to begin a fre&s;h &s;er|vice for Rachell.</P>
<P>Two year and upward have I enjoyed her company with delight and profit, but was enforced by rea&s;on of her unnatural di&s;turbances to leave her weeping for her children &amp; would not be comforted, becau&s;e they were not; yet will I never totally for&s;ake or be beaten off from her.</P>
<P>Twice hath &s;he been deflowred by her own Inha|bitants, &s;tript, &s;horne and made deformed; yet &s;uch a naturall fertility and comeline&s;&s;e doth &s;he retain that &s;he cannot but be loved, but be pittied; and although &s;he would ever have vailed to <HI>Virginia</HI> as her elder, yet had not the&s;e two fatall mi&s;chiefs hapened, &s;he would ere long have &s;pread her &s;elf as largly, and produced as much in every re&s;pect as <HI>Virginia</HI> does or could doe.</P>
<P><HI>Mary-land</HI> is a province not commonly knowne in England, becau&s;e the name of <HI>Virginia</HI> includes or clouds it, it is a Country wholy belonging to that honorable Gentleman the Lord of <HI>Baltamore,</HI> gran|ted him by Pattent under the broad Seal of England long &s;ince, and at his charge &s;ettled, granted for many rea&s;ons, and this for one; that <HI>Virginia</HI> having more
<PB N="21" REF="14">
land then they could manure or look after inconveni|ent time, fir&s;t the Duch came and tooke from the Eng|li&s;h much land which they &s;till hold, next the Swead, who intrenched neerer and had not this Pattent came and prevented it, Dutch, Swead, French &amp; other &s;tran|gers had pend up our Nation with in the bounds of <HI>Virginia,</HI> whereas now they have now all <HI>Mary-land,</HI> as it were their own, it being only granted for the u&s;e of Brittaines and Iri&s;h.</P>
<P>It is (not an I&s;land as is reported, but) part of that maine adjoyning to <HI>Virginia,</HI> only &s;eparated or parted from <HI>Virginia,</HI> by a river of ten miles broad, called <HI>Pa|tomack</HI> river, the commodities and manner of living as in <HI>Virginia,</HI> the &s;oyle &s;omewhat more temporate (as being more Northerly) many &s;tately and navigable rivers are contained in it, plentifully &s;tored with whol &s;ome &s;prings, a rich and plea&s;ant &s;oile, and &s;o that its extraordinary goodnes hath made it rather de&s;ired then envied, which hath been fatall to her (as beauty is often times to tho&s;e that are endued with it) and that the reader may thoroughly be informed how &s;he hath &s;uffered. I &s;hall in brief relate, and conclude.</P>
<P>It is to be under&s;tood that in the time of the late King; <HI>Virginia</HI> being whol for monarchy, and the la&s;t Country belonging to England that &s;ubmitted to obedience of the Common-wealth of England. And there was in <HI>Virginia</HI> a certaine people congregated in|to a Church, calling them&s;elves Independents, which daily encrea&s;ing, &s;everall con&s;ulations were had by the &s;tate of that Coloney, how to &s;uppre&s;&s;e and extin|gui&s;h them, which was daily put in execution, as fir&s;t their Pa&s;tor was bani&s;hed, next their other Teachers, then many by informatio~s clapt up in pri&s;on, then ge|nerally difarmed) w^c^h was very har&s;h in &s;uch a coun|try where the heathen live round about them) by one Colonel <HI>Samuel Mathews</HI> then a Coun&s;ellor in <HI>Virginia</HI>
<PB N="22" REF="15">
and &s;ince Agent for <HI>Virginia</HI> to the then parliament, and la&s;tly in a condition of bani&s;hment, &s;o that they knew not in tho&s;e &s;treights how to di&s;po&s;e of them&s;elves.</P>
<P><HI>Mary-land</HI> (my pre&s;ent &s;ubject) was courted by them as a refuge, the Lord Proprietor and his Governor &s;o|licited to, and &s;everal addre&s;&s;es and treaties made for their admittance &amp; entertainment into that province, their conditions were pittied, their propo&s;itions were harkened to and agree on, which was that they &s;hould have convenient portion of land a&s;&s;igned them, liber|tie of con&s;cience and priviledge to choo&s;e their owne officers, and hold courts within them&s;elves, all was granted them, they had a whole County of the riche&s;t land in the province a&s;igned them, &amp; &s;uch as them&s;elves made choyce of, the conditions of plantations (&s;uch as were common to all adventurers) were &s;hewed and propounded to them, which they extreamly approved of, and nothing was in tho&s;e conditions exacted from them, but appeales to the Provincial court, quit-rents, and an oath of fidelitie to the Proprietor: An a&s;&s;embly was called thoroughout the whole Country after their comming over (con&s;i&s;ting a&s;well of them&s;elves as the re&s;t) and becau&s;e there were &s;ome few papi&s;ts that fir&s;t inhabited the&s;e them&s;elves, and others of being diffe|rent judgments, an act pa&s;&s;ed that all profe&s;&s;ing in Je&s;us Chri&s;t &s;hould have equall ju&s;tice, priviledges and bene|fits in that province, and that none on penaltie (men|tioned) &s;hould di&s;turb each other in their &s;everal pro|fe&s;&s;ions, nor give the urging termes, either of Round|heads, &s;ectarie, Independent, Je&s;uit, Papi&s;t, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In|tending an ab&s;olute peace and union; the Oath of Fi|delitie (although none other then &s;uch as every Lord of a manner requires from his tenant) was over hauled, and this clau&s;e added to it (provided it in|fring not the libertie of the con&s;cience.)</P>
<P>They &s;at downe joyfully, followed their vocations
<PB N="23" REF="15">
chearfully, trad increa&s;ed in their province, and divers others were by this incouraged and invited over from <HI>Virginia.</HI></P>
<P>But the&s;e people finding them&s;elves in a capacitie not only to capitulate, but to over&s;way, tho&s;e that had &s;o received and relieved them.</P>
<P>Began to pick quarrells, fir&s;t with the Papi&s;ts, next with the oath, and la&s;tly declared their aver&s;ne&s;s to all conformalitie, wholy ayming (as them&s;elves &s;ince confe&s;&s;ed) to deprive the Lord proprietor of all his intere&s;t in that country, and make it their own: with unworthine&s;&s;e? What ingratitude? with unparal|led inhumanitie was in the&s;e practices made obvious.</P>
<P>Among&s;t others that became tenants in this afore|&s;aid di&s;tre&s;s was one <HI>Richard Bennet</HI> Merchant, who &s;ea|ted and &s;ettled among&s;t them, and &s;o (not only owed obedience to that government, but) was obliged as a man received in his pretended di&s;tre&s;&s;e, to be a grat|full benefactor upon the &s;etting forth of a fleet inten|ded for the reducement of <HI>Virginia,</HI> the the &s;aid <HI>Bennet</HI> and one <HI>Claiborne</HI> (a pe&s;tilent enemie to the wel-faire of that province and the Lord Proprietor, although he had formerly &s;ubmi&s;&s;ively acknowledged he owed his forfeited life to the &s;aid proprietor, for dealing &s;o favorably with him for his mi&s;demeanors, as by his treacherous letters under his hand (now in print) is manife&s;t, and many other acts of grace conferred on him, having a commi&s;&s;ion directed to them and others (who mi&s;carried by &s;ea) to reduce <HI>Virginia</HI> (not <HI>Mary-land,</HI> for they were in obedience to the Common|wealth of England, and great a&s;&s;i&s;tance to the &s;aid fleet) although they knew <HI>Mary-land</HI> to be excluded and da&s;ht out of their Commi&s;&s;ion, yet becau&s;e the com|mi&s;&s;ion mentioned the Bay of Che&s;apeack (in which <HI>Mary-land</HI> was (as well as <HI>Virginia</HI>) yet they were re&s;ol|ved
<PB N="24" REF="16">
to wreth and &s;tretch their commi&s;&s;ion to the pre|judice of <HI>Mary-land</HI> and becomming abbetters and con|federats with tho&s;e &s;erpents that have been &s;o taken in, pre&s;umed to alter the government and take away the governours Commi&s;&s;ion, putting in others in their place, <HI>viz.</HI> a Papi&s;t in cheife, and one more, who mi&s;governing the Country, they were excluded, and the former governor re&s;tored with an addition of Commi&s;&s;ioners of their owne creatures, and as taking power from them, untill further know|ledge from England, driving herein at their own intere&s;t.</P>
<P>The governour (&s;o re&s;tored) being truly informed that their proceedings were illegal; held Courts and proceeds as if no &s;uch alteration had been made, i&s;&s;ues out Writs (according to order) In the name of the Lord proprietor, but they require and command them to do it in the name of the Keepers of the Liberties of England, according to act of Parliament, to which an|&s;wer &s;ufficient was given, that they never were in op|po&s;ition to the pre&s;ent power, they had taken the En|gagement, &amp; for the tenure or form of writs, they were not compelled by vertue of that act to make them other wi&s;e then they always had done, for by Patent from the late K. they had power to i&s;&s;ue out in the Proprietors name, and never had u&s;ed the Kings name at all, there|fore that act requiring all Writs formerly i&s;&s;uing out in the late Kings name, now to revolve to the Keepers of the Liberties of England, was no way binding to them, who had never u&s;ed the kings name at all.</P>
<P>But it was not religion, it was not punctilios they &s;tood upon, it was that &s;weete, that rich, that large Country they aimed at; and therefore agrees among&s;t them&s;elves to frame petitions, complaints, and &s;ub|&s;criptions from tho&s;e bandetoes to them&s;elves (the
<PB N="25" REF="16">
&s;aid <HI>Bennet</HI> and <HI>Claiborne</HI>) to ea&s;e them of their pre|tended &s;ufferings, and then come with arms, and againe make the Province their own, exalting them|&s;elves in all place of tru&s;t and command, totally ex|pul&s;ing the Governer, and all the ho&s;pitable Proprie|tors, Officers out of their places.</P>
<P>But when his Highne&s;&s;e (not acquainted with the&s;e matchinations) had owned and under his hand and &s;ignet acknowledged Cap. <HI>Will. Stone</HI> (the former gover|nor) Governor for the Lord <HI>Baltamore</HI> of his Province of <HI>Mary-land,</HI> he again endeavored to rea&s;ume the go|vernment, and fetched away the records from tho&s;e u&s;urpers, proclaimed peace to all not ob&s;tinate, and fa|vorably received many &s;ubmi&s;&s;ive, who with &s;eeming joy returned, bewailling their unworthy ingratitude &amp; inhumanitie, blaming the unbridled ambition and ba&s;e averice of tho&s;e that had mi&s;led them.</P>
<P>The Province con&s;i&s;ts of foure Counties already in|habited, viz. St. <HI>Maries, Calverton, An Arundal</HI> and <HI>Kent.</HI> St. <HI>Maries</HI> and <HI>Calverton</HI> &s;ubmitted, <HI>An Arundall</HI> and part of <HI>Kent</HI> oppo&s;ed.</P>
<P>The Governor de&s;irous to reclaim tho&s;e oppo&s;ing, takes a partie about 130. per&s;ons with him, and &s;ailes into tho&s;e parts, one <HI>Roger Heamans</HI> who had a great &s;hip under him, and who had promi&s;ed to be in&s;tru|mentall to the governor, to wind up tho&s;e differences (being <HI>Judas</HI> like, hired to joyn with tho&s;e oppo&s;ing Countries) and having the Governour and his ve&s;&s;ells within reach of his Ordnance, perfidiou&s;ly &amp; contrary to his undertaking and ingagments, fires at them and enforces them to the fir&s;t &s;hore to prevent that mi&s;chief.</P>
<P>The next morning he &s;ends me&s;&s;engers to tho&s;e of <HI>An Arundall</HI> to treat, and me&s;&s;engers aboard that <HI>Shittle|cock Heamans,</HI> but all were detained; and on the 25. of <HI>March</HI> la&s;t (being the next day and the Lords day) about 170. and odd of <HI>Kent</HI> and <HI>Anne Arundall</HI> came
<PB N="26" REF="17">
marching again&s;t them, <HI>Heaman</HI> fires a pace at them, and a &s;mall ve&s;&s;el of <HI>New-England</HI> under the command of one <HI>John Cutts</HI> comes neere the &s;hore and &s;eazes the boats, provi&s;ion and amunition belonging to the Go|vernour and his partie, and &s;o in a nick, in a &s;treight were they fallen upon.</P>
<P>The Governour being &s;hot in many places yeilds on quarter, which was granted; but being in hold, was threatned (notwith&s;tanding that quarter given) to be imediatly executed, unle&s;&s;e he would writ to the re&s;t to take quarter, which upon his reque&s;t they did, twentie odd were killed in this skirmi&s;h, and all the re&s;t pri&s;oners on quarter, who were di&s;armed &amp; taken into cu&s;todie.</P>
<P>But the&s;e formerly di&s;tre&s;&s;ed &s;upplicants for admit|tance, being now become High and Mighty States, and &s;uppo&s;ing their Conque&s;t unque&s;tionable, con&s;ult with them&s;elves (notwith&s;tanding their quarter gi|ven) to make their Conque&s;t more ab&s;olute, by cut|ting off the heads of the Province, <HI>viz.</HI> the Governor, the Coun&s;el and Commanders thereof: And &s;o make them&s;elves a Coun&s;el of War, and condemn them to death: Foure were pre&s;ently executed, &s;cilicet, Mr. <HI>William Stone-head,</HI> one of the Councel; Capt. <HI>William Lewis,</HI> Mr. <HI>John Legate</HI> Gentleman, and <HI>John Pedro;</HI> the re&s;t at the importunity of &s;ome women, and re&s;olu|tion of &s;ome of their &s;ouldiers (who would not &s;uf|fer their de&s;igne to take thorough effect, as being pricked in Con&s;cience for their ingratitudes) were &s;aved, but were Amerced, Fined and Plundred at their plea&s;ures: And although this was prophetiquely fore|&s;een by diver&s;e eminent Merchants of <HI>London,</HI> who Petitioned his Highne&s;&s;e for prevention, and that his Highne&s;&s;e &s;ent a gracious command to <HI>Bennet,</HI> and all others, not to di&s;turb the Lord <HI>Baltamores</HI> Officers, nor People in <HI>Mary-land,</HI> but recalled all Power or pre|tence of Power from them; yet they &s;till hold, and
<PB N="27" REF="17">
po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e (in defiance of &s;o &s;acred a mandate) the &s;aid Province of <HI>Mary-land,</HI> and &s;ent an impious Agent home to Parlie while&s;t they plundred; but he hath long &s;ince given up his account to the great avenger of all injuries: Although &s;ticklers (&s;omewhat more powerfull, but by many degrees more brazen fac't then his &s;pirit could bare him forth to appear) now la|bour to ju&s;tifie the&s;e inhumanities, di&s;orders, con|tempts, and rebellions; &s;o that I may &s;ay with the Prophet <HI>Jeremiah;</HI> How doth the Citty &s;it &s;olitary that was full of people? How is &s;he become as a wid|dow? She that was great among&s;t the Nations, and Prince&s;&s;e among&s;t the Provinces? How is &s;he become tributary. Thus have they brought to de&s;olation, one of the happie&s;t Plantations that ever <HI>Engli&s;hmen</HI> &s;et foot in, and &s;uch a Country (that if it were again made formall) might harbor in peace and plenty all &s;uch as <HI>England</HI> &s;hall have occa&s;ion to disburthen, or de&s;ire to for&s;ake <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>A pious con&s;ideration of the&s;e di&s;tractions is by his Highne&s;&s;e taking notice of, and the&s;e controver&s;ies are by him referred to the Hearing, and Report of tho&s;e two Honourable and judicious Gentlemen the Lords <HI>Whitlock</HI> and <HI>Widdrington,</HI> who&s;e Pains and Mo|deration in Hearing, and mildly di&s;puting indifferent|ly the condition of the&s;e uproars, gives not onely hopes of relief, but have added to their renowns, by all tho&s;e that (as ob&s;erved) have been pre&s;ent at the &s;everall Hearings, an account whereof will ere long be publi&s;hed in print.</P>
<P>Upon determination whereof, it mu&s;t be concluded that a &s;ettlement will follow, and then many families will flock over to inhabit the&s;e ruines, the fertility of the province will (in &s;hort time) make good (except|ing the blood &s;pilt which can never be recalled nor &s;a|tisfied for.)</P>
<P><PB N="28" REF="18">Let this be no di&s;couragment to any to goe over, for it will now be more firmly &s;ettled then ever, and &s;o throughly, &s;etled that neither envy nor deceipt can again ever &s;hake it.</P>
<P>And being &s;o &s;etled, I know no country (although I have travelled many) that I more affect, more e&s;teem, that which profits delights, and here is both ab&s;olute profit, reall delight; I &s;hall forget my undertaking in the beginning of my booke, which was not to over ex|tall the Country: for &s;hould I indeed give it its due commendations, I &s;hould &s;eem to be &s;uborn'd; but in few words, it is that Country in which I de&s;ire to &s;pend the remnant of my dayes, in which I covet to make my grave.</P>
<P>This I have not written for profit, for it is known I have given away the copy, and therefore am the le&s;s to be mi&s;tru&s;ted for a deluder, for popular applau&s;e I did it not, for in this pregnant age, my lines appear &s;o har&s;h and di&s;ordered, that I would not have affixed my name to it, but in obedience to tho&s;e commands that &s;o require it, and to prevent the imputation of a libeller, the maine drift and &s;cope I have herein aim<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">d at, is to di&s;cover <HI>Virginia</HI> and <HI>Mary-land,</HI> and &s;tand up in their ju&s;t defences when caluminated, to let many that pine in <HI>England</HI> know, they are to their ru|ines deluded, that are frighted from going thither, if their wayes of livelihood be not certaine in <HI>England.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="postscript">
<PB N="29" REF="18">
<HEAD>Po&s;t-&s;cript. A Word to the Governour and Coun&s;ell in <HI>Virginia.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Gentlemen,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>AS I have done your Coun|try of <HI>Virginia</HI> ju&s;tice in &s;tanding up in its defence, &s;o I expect and entreat the like from you: I know ye are hone&s;t and under&s;tand your &s;elves; I cannot except nor &s;peake a|gain&s;t any of ye, but <HI>Will. Clai|borne,</HI> whom ye all know to be a Villaine, but it is no more blemi&s;h to your degree, to have him of your &s;ocietie, then it was to the Apo&s;tles to have Iudas of theirs, I have had in|jury by him by palpable cou&s;i|nages done me, as I &s;hal one day demon&s;trate. But for the de|cree
<PB N="30" REF="19">
of your court again&s;t one Captaine <HI>Thomas Thorough|good,</HI> late Commander of the Shipp <HI>Cre&s;&s;ent.</HI> I de&s;ire you to con&s;ider of it again and re|ver&s;e it for the&s;e rea&s;ons fol|lowing.</P>
<P>I was an inhabitant of <HI>Ma|ry-land</HI> of two years &s;tanding, pro&s;cribe to die by the rebells of the Bay. I fled di&s;gui&s;ed to <HI>Virginia,</HI> came a bord his Ship by an unknowne name, made my condition, not my per&s;on known to him, and he charita|bly brought me for <HI>England,</HI> otherewi&s;e I had cau&s;lesly been put to death. For which letters certifies us in <HI>England,</HI> that ye have amer&s;ed him in deep <HI>pen|alties,</HI> by an acted of A&s;&s;embly made again&s;t ma&s;ters or Com|manders
<PB N="31" REF="19">
of &s;hips that &s;hall car|rie away any of the inhabitants of your colonie without a pa&s;&s;.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, know I was no inha|bitant of <HI>Virginia,</HI> but <HI>Mary-land,</HI> a government ye have no|thing to doe with.</P>
<P>Next I came with my Go|vernours con&s;ent, Captaine <HI>William Stone</HI> who in <HI>England</HI> ju&s;tifies Captain <HI>Thoroughgoods</HI> bringing me home: and here I mu&s;t and will abide &s;uch cen|&s;ure or vindication as the &s;u|preame power of <HI>England</HI> &s;hall find me to have merited; and therfore I humbly reque&s;t ye to peru&s;e and rever&s;e that or|der again&s;t him for bringing me for <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>I &s;hall hereafter give &s;uch an account to <HI>Virginia</HI> of my a|ctions
<PB N="32" REF="20">
from time to time, that they &s;hall be fully &s;atisfied; I never de&s;erved the lea&s;t injurie either from any Government, nor any private per&s;on, &s;ince I fir&s;t inhabited there. But that &s;hall be a &s;ubject particular: and a peece not u&s;efull in <HI>Eng|land,</HI> but only to &s;catter in <HI>Vir|ginia</HI> among&s;t my friends, who&s; good opinion I covet, and that they may know in many odi|ums I have been wronged, and that I am the man that have &s;eene affliction.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
