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<DATE>2008-05-15</DATE>
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<NAME>John Pas</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<TEXT>
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>&Pgr;&egr;&rgr;&iacugr; &uragr;&psgr;&ogr;&ugr;&sfgr; Or <HI>Diony&s;ius Longinus</HI> of the HEIGHT OF ELOQUENCE. Rendred out of the Originall. By <HI>J. H. <ABBR>E&s;q</ABBR></HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by ROGER DANIEL for <HI>Francis Eaglesfield</HI> at the Marygold in Pauls Church-yard 1652.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>To my Lord, the Lord Commi&s;&s;ioner. <HI>WHITELOCK.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>My Lord,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>SInce I have overcome my nature to &s;o much impudence as to throw this little thing at your Lord|&s;hips feet (though it be with the &s;ame devotion as the <HI>old</HI> &s;uper&s;tition in&s;cribed the names of their greate&s;t <HI>Dei|ties</HI> upon their meane&s;t <HI>Do|naries</HI>) I conceive my &s;elf
<PB REF="3">
oblig'd in ju&s;tice to give you an account of what I have done, and for what cau&s;es I was ambitious it &s;hould live under your &s;hadow, that &s;o I may be in a greater po&s;si|bility of pardon, in ca&s;e your Lord&s;hip de&s;cend to take no|tice of it, by diverting, &s;o far as to a peru&s;all, from your high <HI>Judiciall</HI> Tru&s;t, and tho&s;e noble <HI>endeavours</HI> which employ you in the <HI>Be&s;t</HI> and <HI>Ju&s;te&s;t</HI> cau&s;e that ever mankind can engage in.</P>
<P><PB REF="3">To make therefore the be&s;t thrift I can with the time which po&s;sibly your Lord|&s;hip may wa&s;te in running over the&s;e mi&s;erable &s;heets, I doubt not in the fir&s;t place to profe&s;&s;e, that this addre&s;&s;e is &s;uch, that upon the be&s;t con&s;ideration I could make, I could not avoid it, as not finding a better protectour for &s;uch a di&s;cour&s;e then your Lord&s;hip, who as you are in|tru&s;ted with the greate&s;t <HI>ci|vil</HI> employment that this Nation can make u&s;e of,
<PB REF="4">
and to <HI>civil</HI> per&s;ons <HI>Lon|ginus</HI> (who I dare &s;ay writes up to his own rules) tells us he intended it, &s;o you will find it a &s;hort draught, or to &s;peak ra&s;hly, a kind of prophecy of your own mo&s;t excellent elocution.</P>
<P>In the <HI>2^d</HI> I con&s;ider'd that as <HI>Greece</HI> had the greate&s;t <HI>A&s;cendant</HI> over Eloquence of any nation whereof we have memory or acquain|tance, and &s;o deriv'd it to <HI>Rome,</HI> and thereby for any thing I know) to all the We&s;t,
<PB REF="4">
&s;o know I not whether this great <HI>Critick</HI> (for even &s;o his own age acknowledg d him, in&s;omuch that <HI>Euna|pius</HI> who&s;e profe&s;sion this was, and who hath put up|on the file the Eminent of his Time, mentions him no otherwi&s;e then <GAP DESC="foreign">, and from thence <HI>Athens</HI> her &s;elf not onely employed him to put an <HI>A&s;teri&s;me</HI> or <HI>&s;pit</HI> upon Spu|rious things of the Ancients, but the glorious and unfor|tunate
<PB REF="5">
<HI>Zenobia</HI> gave him occa&s;ion of bravely dying for her in being her Secre|tary) may not now though <HI>hoary</HI> and <HI>di&s;membred</HI> (for time hath wasted him to what you &s;ee) find accept|ance with a per&s;on that in the <HI>Hurricans</HI> of the&s;e great Tran&s;actions, is &s;e|renely plea&s;ed to throw off the publick per&s;on, and a|dopt into his <HI>tenderne&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>protection</HI> all that, un|to which worth and letters may make a claim.</P>
<P><PB REF="5">'Tis an ea&s;ie objection, my Lord, that from the difference of <HI>Tongue,</HI> and <HI>Time</HI> (which ever change the conceptions of men) this piece mu&s;t be look'd on as ob&s;olete, and to this age not at all pertinent, as that which expects men to learn their <HI>Eloquence</HI> from their own <HI>Genius,</HI> rather then the <HI>Schools,</HI> which manacle it with the&s;e old maximes; but yet if we will remember that though the old <HI>Tacticks</HI> and <HI>Strata|gems</HI>
<PB REF="6">
are, by the invention of Gunpowder made in ef|fect u&s;ele&s;&s;e in this age, yet the greate&s;t <HI>Captains</HI> have made con&s;iderable u&s;e of them, and from <HI>Hi&s;tories</HI> of different <HI>Climes</HI> and <HI>Gouernments, Politicians</HI> draw no &s;mall advantage; &s;o in this very point of <HI>Ora|tory,</HI> if we remember how tho&s;e wra&s;tled with the di&s;|advantage of &s;ingle nature, and at la&s;t threw it into Rule, reign'd over the minds of men, and did many
<PB REF="6">
&s;trange things, we may con|&s;ider that the&s;e old precepts may very well conduct the greate&s;t wits, and the &s;harp|est ob&s;ervatours, through tho&s;e ob&s;tacles which other|wi&s;e they might not &s;o ea&s;ily overcome, as we &s;ee Logick files and keens the Rea&s;on of many men, who otherwi&s;e had been blunt and in the wedge, and in Tongues, (which is the onely distin|ction of man from Bea&s;t) 'Tis a rare happine&s;&s;e per|fectly to overcome any
<PB REF="7">
one without Grammer.</P>
<P>Though I am to yield thus much, that the <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> of eloquence is not a little altered; In <HI>Senates</HI> and <HI>Harangues</HI> to the people length was nece&s;&s;ary, for the &s;ame men acted both parts, (and that in a &s;ingle Citie) &amp; that which was nece&s;&s;ary to gain the people, degenera|ted in time to be in fa&s;hion in coun&s;el, &s;o that this was play'd for a <HI>prize,</HI> and was held &s;o far unnece&s;&s;ary, that as if the be&s;t Ma&s;ters had
<PB REF="7">
not been enough, it was the care of parents them&s;elves to in&s;truct their children, who &s;eeing it the readie&s;t way of advancement, were not like to be wanting in e|mulation and indeavour, whereas now the <HI>Scene</HI> is changed, and (in Civil mat|ters) we are to &s;peak to the <HI>few</HI> and not the <HI>many:</HI> For as the corruption of time hath di&s;eas'd most Go|vernments into <HI>Monar|chies,</HI> &s;o the lea&s;t of the&s;e few populacies now in being,
<PB REF="8">
is too great to be included in the &s;ame walls, or brought to the hearing of one voice (long studied Orations be|ing become u&s;ele&s;&s;e) and therefore as men now en|deavour to &s;umme up their Notions, and draw them into a &s;harp angle, expecting rea&s;on &s;hould overcome, &s;o in the management and con|ueiance of that rea&s;on, there mu&s;t be needfull &s;o many ar|tifices, charms, ma&s;teries, and &s;uch &s;ubtle conducts, that without them a man cannot
<PB REF="8">
&s;o well obtain his end, and a man of skill that brings not &s;o much force of rea&s;on may ea&s;ily avoid them.</P>
<P>By this time it must be nece&s;&s;ary (&s;ince I have talk'd &s;o boldly) that I ex|plain my conception of E|loquence, which though I think 'tis &s;uch a thing as we may rather <HI>Ideate</HI> and wi&s;h then de&s;cribe, yet when once a man is of opinion (and I think there are few di&s;&s;entors) that the end of Oratory is to per|&s;wade
<PB REF="9">
or Gain, I think he wants not a de&s;cription, which if I may language is this, <HI>A way of &s;peech prevailing over tho&s;e whom we de&s;igne it prevail.</HI> This is if we will take it in the &s;hort or <HI>Laconick</HI> way, a di&s;tilling our Notions into a <HI>Quin|te&s;cence,</HI> or forming all our thoughts in a <HI>Cone,</HI> and &s;miting with the point; if the more &s;pacious or <HI>A&s;ia|tick</HI> 'tis hard to de&s;cribe, but in its own manner, 'Tis
<PB REF="9">
what <HI>Tully</HI> &s;ayes of the <GAP DESC="foreign">, Re&s;ultance and to be gathered not expre&s;s'd, the <HI>Galileans Via lactea</HI> a conflux of le&s;&s;er &s;tarres clear yet undi&s;tingui&s;h'd, the <HI>Chymi&s;t's Elixar</HI> con|teining all Qualities in it, yet not one perceivable; 'Tis <HI>Empire</HI> wholly command|ing, yet never to be com|manded.</P>
<P>But this my Lord is a thing &s;o <HI>unattainable,</HI> and Nature hath &s;eem'd to have placed it &s;o farre above
<PB REF="10">
the reach of man, that not|with&s;tanding all the ad|dre&s;&s;e and advantage it gives to publick per&s;ons, all the means and e&s;tabli&s;h|ment of future fame, the number of Oratours truly great, is &s;carce equall to tho&s;e precedent ages where|in letters have thriven: The encouragement of <HI>Greece</HI> and <HI>Rome</HI> brought it up in their &s;everall times to an admirable height, but this was &s;o fatall and &s;o <HI>verti|call,</HI> that it could in neither
<PB REF="10">
countrey &s;tay an age in its <HI>Meridian,</HI> but it declined immediately; And in that Age it was but one or two who by &s;overeignty of Geni|us and &s;trange indulgence of their &s;tarres could become con&s;ummate, and triumph in a true perfection, though ma|ny others offered at it, ra|ther to the commendation of their excellent endeavours, or their happine&s;&s;e in &s;ome particular kind, then in at|taining the whole <HI>Tour en|tregent,</HI> and <HI>&s;way</HI> thereof.</P>
<P><PB REF="11">It mu&s;t therefore have &s;omewhat I cannot tell how divine in it, for it depends not of the &s;ingle ama&s;sing or embrodery of words, there mu&s;t be in it, excellent knowledge of Man, deep and &s;tudied acquaintance with the pa&s;sions, a man must not onely know very perfectly the agitations of his own mind, but be &s;een and conver&s;ant in tho&s;e of others, he mu&s;t know all what the <HI>Sciences</HI> &amp; <HI>Pru|dence</HI> teach, what <HI>hi&s;tory</HI>
<PB REF="11">
hath remembred, he mu&s;t know the in&s;tinct, and regu|lar motions of nature that all may proportionably re|&s;emble her that &s;he may ne|ver be overdone, or too near the life. And yet all this without &s;omewhat which I cannot expre&s;&s;e, is but the &s;malle&s;t part that goes to the building up of &s;uch a prodi|gy, there mu&s;t be &s;omewhat <HI>Ethereall,</HI> &s;omewhat above man, much of a &s;oul <HI>&s;epa|rate,</HI> that mu&s;t animate all this, and breath into it a fire
<PB REF="12">
to make it both warm and &s;hine.</P>
<P>I conceive therefore my Lord, that this being a bu|&s;ine&s;&s;e wherein man can onely, and that &s;o hardly, be excellent, and withall a thing of &s;o tender a nature and ea&s;ie to be offended in, that the ob&s;ervations of re|gular and vast minds ought not to be neglected in it, e|&s;pecially con&s;idering how ea|&s;ie and willing we are to ad|venture and tran&s;gre&s;&s;e, in things which nature &s;eems
<PB REF="12">
of her&s;elf to teach us, and therefore was I the readier to make this publication in acknowledgement of what my &s;elf had profited by this curious monument, and ha|ving no better <HI>Pre&s;ent,</HI> I was encouraged by your Lord&s;hips generall indul|gence and affection to all learning, to make this choi&s;e not without deep acknow|ledgement of your Lord|&s;hips favours to my &s;elf, which be&s;ides the &s;hape and apprehen&s;ion of your great
<PB REF="13">
worth, fully &s;eated and ru|ling in my &s;oul, will tyme in all the thoughts and actions of my life, zealou&s;ly to aim at the Honour of Being</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>My mo&s;t honoured Lord,</SALUTE> <SIGNED>Your mo&s;t devoted and faithful &s;ervant <HI>J. Hall.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="13">
<HEAD>To the Reader.</HEAD>
<P>THough I am of the unfitte&s;t making for a <HI>Tran&s;latour</HI> in the world, yet the <HI>Genero&s;ity</HI> and <HI>Spirit</HI> of this <HI>Au|thour,</HI> be&s;ides the exerci&s;e of the <HI>Tongue,</HI> engaged mee &s;ome yeares pa&s;t to adventure this <HI>Tran&s;la|tion,</HI> and the rather for that I &s;aw him &s;o excel|lent a <HI>Judge,</HI> and &s;o many men, to my thinking, pre|tending to be <HI>Criticks</HI> in
<PB REF="14">
things of this nature, and that but out of very little rea&s;on, that I thought it was &s;ome &s;ervice to them, and po&s;sibly a right to &s;ome ingenuities and a means to bring true wri|ting into e&s;teem, and di&s;|cover that much of <HI>Tin|&s;ill</HI> and <HI>Sophi&s;ticate</HI> which now pa&s;&s;es as currant: though to the di&s;advan|tage of my Authour, the <HI>air</HI> and <HI>vivacitie</HI> of who&s;e <HI>Spirit</HI> is &s;uch, as it is im|po&s;sible to be rendered;
<PB REF="14">
and therefore it was in my thoughts and preparati|ons to di&s;cour&s;e &s;everall things by way of <HI>Com|mentary</HI> which he had onely touched and glan|ced at, or time had berea|ved us of his, or were re|lating to the point in hand. Be&s;ides &s;o me light to <HI>Antiquity,</HI> which was but nece&s;&s;ary to a full un|der&s;tanding of him. But call'd on to other employ|ments, and con&s;idering the length and weight of
<PB REF="15">
the Book was not onely too much for me, but &s;uch as the <HI>Stationer</HI> was not willing to undergo, I &s;uffer it to pa&s;&s;e thus <HI>na|ked,</HI> though it had been but nece&s;&s;ary, that even for ju&s;tification of the Tran&s;lation, I had made u&s;e of &s;ome &s;hort <HI>Notes.</HI> However if I have done ill I have not done much, and I am le&s;&s;e criminall becau&s;e I have not of|fended in any great Vo|lume and the thing it
<PB REF="15">
&s;elf, I confidently &s;ay, is of &s;uch worth, that I am onely to begg a forgive|ne&s;&s;e for my own de|fects.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB REF="16">
<PB N="I" REF="16">
<HEAD>&Pgr;&Egr;&Rgr;&Iacugr; &Uragr;&PSgr;&Ogr;&Ugr;&Sgr;: <HI>Diony&s;ius Longinus</HI> OF THE HEIGHT OF <HI>ELOQ&V;ENCE.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_WHen <HI>you</HI> and I (my dear <HI>Po&s;thumius Terentianus</HI>) had together peru&s;ed, (as you remember) <HI>Cecilius</HI> his book of <HI>Height,</HI> methought, be|&s;ides that it was not carried on with a <HI>greatne&s;&s;e</HI> proportionate to the Subject, it <HI>blanched</HI> many unnece&s;sary points, and requited not the Reader with that profit which every <HI>diligent</HI> Writer ought principally to endeavour. Now there being in the <HI>handling</HI> of every <HI>Art,</HI> two things principally required, <HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> To demon&s;trate the Subject, and <HI>Secondly,</HI> (though it be fir&s;t by <HI>power</HI> and <HI>u&s;e</HI>) how and by what means
<PB N="II" REF="17">
we may obtain it; <HI>Cecilius</HI> hath taken a great deal of pains to &s;hew what <HI>Height</HI> is, as though we had not known it before, but how we may <HI>advance</HI> our <HI>Natures</HI> to &s;ome degree of <HI>excellency,</HI> he hath quite neglected to &s;et down, for what rea&s;on I know not, unle&s;s perhaps it be that he judged it <HI>unne|ce&s;&s;ary.</HI> But it is better <HI>ju&s;tice</HI> to commend the man for his <HI>pains</HI> and <HI>curio&s;ity,</HI> then to blame him for what is <HI>deficient.</HI></P>
<P>But &s;ince it is your plea&s;ure I &s;hould &s;ay &s;omewhat of the &s;ame <HI>Theam,</HI> let me &s;ee if for your &s;ake I can produce any thing that may be <HI>&s;erviceable</HI> to <HI>civill</HI> per&s;ons. But you (&s;weet friend) who be&s;t can and ought, mu&s;t in every particular give me your <HI>true&s;t</HI> judgment; for it was well &s;aid of <HI>Him,</HI> who being asked wherein we are like the Gods, an&s;wered, in <HI>Truth</HI> and <HI>Goodne&s;&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>Now writing to you that are &s;uch a <HI>knowing</HI> Lover of Learning, I am almo&s;t ea&s;|ed of the trouble of Prefacing by laborious Hypothe&s;es, That the <HI>brave&s;t</HI> and mo&s;t <HI>&s;hi|ning</HI> parts of Speech are <HI>Height,</HI> that <HI>Height</HI> to which <HI>Poets</HI> and other <HI>Authors</HI> owe their Eminency, and by which they have made their names to <HI>flouri&s;h</HI> in all ages. For the&s;e &s;ublimities do not only <HI>win,</HI> but <HI>a&s;toni&s;h</HI> their Hearers, and generally <HI>high</HI> and <HI>noble</HI> pa&s;sages &s;mite &s;ooner, and ore-top tho&s;e others that are rather di&s;po&s;ed for per|&s;ua&s;ion
<PB N="III" REF="17">
or ornament. For though <HI>Per&s;ua|&s;ion</HI> be to be accounted among&s;t &s;uch things as are commonly in our power, yet tho&s;e things that have within them <HI>force</HI> and an <HI>irre&s;i&s;tible violence</HI> orepell the hearer and overcome him. And whereas the <HI>vivacity</HI> of Invention, the <HI>harmony</HI> and <HI>order</HI> of Di&s;|po&s;ition cannot be di&s;cerned out of <HI>one</HI> or <HI>two</HI> clau&s;es, but difficultly make them&s;elves appear in a generall <HI>Survey</HI> of the whole fabrick; <HI>Height</HI> where&s;oever it <HI>&s;ea&s;onably</HI> breaks forth, bears down all before it like a whirlwind, and pre&s;ently evidences the <HI>&s;trength</HI> and ability of the &s;peaker. But of things of <HI>this</HI> and the like nature, experience hath enabled you (&s;weete&s;t <HI>Terentianus</HI>) to direct and <HI>judge.</HI></P>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 2.</HEAD>
<P>But we mu&s;t in the beginning clear the <HI>que&s;tion,</HI> whether <HI>Height</HI> or <HI>Depth</HI> be an <HI>Art,</HI> becau&s;e there have not been &s;ome a wanting that thought them in an errour that endeavoured to draw it into <HI>Rules</HI> and <HI>Ob&s;ervations.</HI> For <HI>Greatne&s;&s;e</HI> (&s;ay they) mu&s;t be innate to our Genius, not acquired, and the only way to <HI>obtain</HI> it is to be <HI>born</HI> a po&s;&s;e&s;&s;our of it; for (as they think) the works of Nature are <HI>impaired</HI> and <HI>le&s;&s;ened</HI> when they &s;uffer under the har&s;h <HI>Anatomy</HI>
<PB N="IV" REF="18">
of Art. But I can evidently di&s;prove their <HI>a&s;&s;ertion,</HI> if we will con&s;ider that as Nature in matter of <HI>pa&s;sion</HI> and <HI>exaggerati|on</HI> is commonly <HI>free</HI> and <HI>carele&s;&s;e,</HI> &s;o gene|rally in all other ca&s;es &s;he follows a <HI>&s;ecret</HI> kind of <HI>order,</HI> and declines <HI>irregularity.</HI> Now &s;he indeed affords the fir&s;t <HI>elements</HI> and materials of every thing, but for <HI>in|crea&s;e, opportunity,</HI> and <HI>Height,</HI> &s;he leaves it to the determination and power of <HI>me|thod:</HI> And as tho&s;e things are mo&s;t dange|rous to them&s;elves, that are not <HI>poized</HI> with any Art, but left to <HI>float</HI> on their own bot|tome; &s;o are Great things when hurried on with an <HI>unadvi&s;ed</HI> boldne&s;&s;e, and left to hang on their own weight; &s;o that a <HI>Spur</HI> is not more nece&s;&s;ary to the <HI>one</HI> then a <HI>Bitt</HI> to the <HI>other.</HI> And as <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> &s;aid, the greate&s;t ble&s;&s;ing in all the life of man was to be <HI>Happy,</HI> and <HI>next</HI> to it (though it were no le&s;&s;e valuable) to Deliberate <HI>&s;oberly,</HI> which who wanted could not be &s;aid to enjoy the <HI>former;</HI> the like may I &s;ay of Speech, That Nature without Art is blind and imperfect.
<Q><L>And kept the <HI>ravenous</HI> flames within their <HI>chimney,</HI></L>
<L><PB N="V" REF="18">Could I but catch one hou&s;e-keeper alone,</L>
<L>I'd take a <HI>&s;quirt of fire</HI> and burn the hou&s;e</L>
<L>And pre&s;ently reduce it into <HI>Cinders,</HI></L>
<L>But yet I have not heard the plea&s;ant &s;ong.</L></Q>
The&s;e are not Tragicall at all but Bomba&s;t, <HI>Squirts of fire, Vomit as high as heaven, to make Bore as a pipe,</HI> and other like tra&s;h; but the&s;e things proceed rather from a <HI>troubled</HI> then <HI>fierce</HI> fancie, and if you look on any of them by the light of <HI>Rea&s;on,</HI> they by de|grees &s;lip from the <HI>terrour</HI> (which they me|nace at fir&s;t &s;ight) into a <HI>poor</HI> and <HI>contemp|tible</HI> lowne&s;&s;e. And if in a Tragedy which is naturally <HI>high</HI> and capable of <HI>elevation,</HI> it be unpardonable to <HI>&s;well</HI> out of &s;ea&s;on, how may we think it &s;uits with <HI>calm</HI> and <HI>&s;ober</HI> Orations? For &s;uch as this was <HI>Leon|tinus Gorgias</HI> laught at, when he called <HI>Xerxes</HI> the <HI>Iupiter of the Per&s;ians,</HI> and <HI>Gry|phons living Sepulchres.</HI> Such as the&s;e, though they are not <HI>heights</HI> but rackt <HI>ex|ten&s;ions,</HI> are common with <HI>Cali&s;thenes,</HI> and much more with <HI>Clitarchus,</HI> a fellow made up of <HI>Puff pa&s;te</HI> and <HI>Cork,</HI> and one that (as <HI>Sophocles</HI> &s;aid) <HI>playes on the &s;mall pipe with|out a muzzel.</HI> Such are <HI>Amphicrates, Hege|&s;ias,</HI> and <HI>Matris,</HI> who many times when they conceive them&s;elves in a <HI>fury,</HI> vent not <HI>raptures</HI> but childi&s;h <HI>petulancies;</HI> in&s;omuch that it appears one of the <HI>nice&s;t</HI> cautions in all Speech to beware of <HI>Tumour;</HI> for all
<PB N="VI" REF="19">
men naturally aim at <HI>high</HI> things, and am|bitiou&s;ly avoid the imputation of <HI>drought</HI> or <HI>weakne&s;&s;e,</HI> and therefore &s;uffer them&s;elves to be carried on I know not how) beyond their <HI>due</HI> bounds, perhaps under this per|&s;ua&s;ion, That
<Q>To fail in great things is a noble Crime.</Q>
But <HI>fungous</HI> and <HI>empty</HI> inflations are evill in an <HI>Oration,</HI> as well as in a <HI>naturall</HI> body, and for the mo&s;t part produce <HI>effects</HI> con|trary to tho&s;e for which they were <HI>intend|ed,</HI> for nothing (as we &s;ay) is <HI>dryer</HI> then a man in a <HI>drop&s;ie.</HI> Now as this <HI>boi&s;terous</HI> &s;tuffe boyls up above ju&s;t <HI>greatne&s;&s;e,</HI> &s;o a <HI>chil<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;h flatne&s;&s;e,</HI> which is a poor &s;neak|ing and <HI>ignoble</HI> evill on the contrary di|rectly <HI>oppo&s;es</HI> it. But what is this childi&s;h|ne&s;&s;e? A <HI>&s;chola&s;tick</HI> affectation with a great deal of <HI>pains laboured</HI> into <HI>coldne&s;&s;e,</HI> into which they fall who endeavouring ei|ther an exact <HI>flo&s;culent,</HI> or <HI>delightfully</HI> for|med &s;peech make u&s;e of <HI>ill-favoured Tropes,</HI> and bad imitation. To the&s;e we may adde a <HI>third</HI> Incident to the <HI>pa&s;sions, Theodorus</HI> calls it <GAP DESC="foreign">, which is either an un|&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of pa&s;&s;ion when there is no occa&s;ion, or immoderate u&s;e of it when there is but ordinary occa&s;ion. Now tho&s;e who u&s;e it like <HI>drunken</HI> men are carried on with their own <HI>peculiar</HI> and <HI>artificiall</HI> pa&s;&s;ions, which are not at all <HI>con&s;i&s;tent</HI> with the
<PB N="VII" REF="19">
work in <HI>hand,</HI> and <HI>trifle</HI> away a great deal of action before their <HI>unengaged</HI> and <HI>&s;leepy</HI> auditors, and very likely, when they them|&s;elves are <HI>elevated,</HI> the others are not <HI>&s;tirred</HI> at all. But we &s;hall more largely di&s;cu&s;&s;e the bu&s;ine&s;&s;e of <HI>Pa&s;sions</HI> in <HI>another</HI> place.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 3.</HEAD>
<P>But for the other Vice, that I mean of <HI>Coldne&s;&s;e, Tymaeus</HI> is full of it, a man <HI>other|wi&s;e</HI> able enough and &s;ometime in <HI>high</HI> Eloquence not <HI>unfortunate,</HI> and of a <HI>various</HI> knowledge and <HI>acute</HI> di&s;cour&s;e, but that he is <HI>implacable</HI> to <HI>other</HI> mens errours, and <HI>in&s;en&s;ible</HI> of his <HI>own.</HI> Be&s;ides that out of <HI>newfangledne&s;&s;e,</HI> he many times &s;lips into very <HI>childi&s;h</HI> and <HI>low</HI> Ab&s;urdities. One or two of which I will now produce, and the rather becau&s;e <HI>Cecilius</HI> did not &s;tick to quote far more of him. When he com|mends <HI>Alexander</HI> the Great, he &s;ayes he overcame <HI>A&s;ia</HI> in fewer years then <HI>I&s;ocrates</HI> compo&s;ed his Panegyrick again&s;t the <HI>Per|&s;ians.</HI> A very rare parallel indeed of &s;o great a Conquerour and a Sophi&s;ter. But by this account of yours, <HI>Tymaeus,</HI> it will &s;oon appear that the <HI>Lacedemonians</HI> were far inferiour in point of valour to <HI>I&s;ocrates,</HI> for whereas <HI>they</HI> were thirty years in ta|king <HI>Me&s;&s;ana, he</HI> writ his Panegyrick in
<PB N="VIII" REF="20">
ten. But when the <HI>Athenians</HI> were defeated in <HI>Sicilie,</HI> what a &s;trange exclamation does he bur&s;t into? <HI>Becau&s;e they had offended</HI> Mercury <HI>and maimed his Statues they were puni&s;hed, and the rather for one man</HI> Hermo|crates <HI>the &s;on of</HI> Hermon, <HI>who had &s;ome guilt entayl'd upon him from his Ance&s;tors.</HI> I have &s;tranged with my &s;elf (&s;weete&s;t <HI>Terentia|nus</HI>) why he writ not al&s;o again&s;t <HI>Diony|&s;ius</HI> the tyrant, &s;ince he exerci&s;ed many bold impieties again&s;t <HI>Iove</HI> and <HI>Hercules,</HI> for which <HI>Dion</HI> and <HI>Heraclides</HI> turned him out of his government. But what &s;peak we of <HI>Tymaeus,</HI> when tho&s;e Heroes <HI>(Xenophon</HI> I mean and <HI>Plato</HI>) that had been under the Tuition of <HI>Socrates,</HI> have through the&s;e <HI>lit|tlene&s;&s;es</HI> &s;ometimes forgot them&s;elves? For thus writes the later in his Book of the Policie of <HI>Sparta; you &s;hall no more hear them &s;peak then if they were all &s;tone, you &s;hall no more &s;ee their eyes turn thou if they were bra&s;&s;e, nay you will &s;uppo&s;e them more mode&s;t then the virgins in our eyes.</HI> It had become <HI>Amphicrates</HI> and not <HI>Xenophon</HI> to call the apples of eyes <HI>mode&s;t virgins:</HI> but what a folly were it to believe that the apples of all eyes are &s;hame-fac'd, &s;ince the <HI>impu|dence</HI> of &s;ome men is not otherwi&s;e di&s;co|vered then by their <HI>eyes?</HI> and therefore <HI>Homer</HI> terms &s;uch a kind of per&s;on,
<Q>A <HI>Dog-eyed</HI> Drunkard.</Q>
<PB N="IX" REF="20">
Yet had <HI>Tymaeus</HI> &s;uch an itch to be medling with it that he could not be content to let <HI>Xenophon</HI> alone enjoy &s;uch a <HI>poorne&s;&s;e;</HI> This therefore he &s;ayes in <HI>Agathocles, He that would &s;teal away his Neece that had been be&s;towed on another, on the day of her marri|age, I dare &s;ay hath not</HI> virgins <HI>in his eyes, but</HI> whores. What difference is there betwixt this and that of the otherwi&s;e divine <HI>Plato,</HI> who being to name Note-books, &s;ayes, <HI>They &s;hal place the</HI> Cypre&s;s memorials <HI>among the holy things:</HI> And again, <HI>For my part</HI> Megillus <HI>I &s;hould advi&s;e the Spartans to let their wals lye and &s;leep on the ground, but by no means to rai&s;e them up again?</HI> Nor is that of <HI>Herodotus</HI> afar off, when he calls women a <HI>&s;ickne&s;&s;e of the eye:</HI> Although this may be &s;aid in his excu&s;e, that tho&s;e whom he makes &s;peak it are <HI>drunken Barbarians.</HI> But it is not hand&s;om under the pretence of <HI>&s;uch</HI> per&s;ons to commit the&s;e <HI>&s;or did</HI> poor|ne&s;&s;es unto <HI>memory.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 4.</HEAD>
<P>All the&s;e extream <HI>unbecommingne&s;&s;es</HI> have <HI>defaced</HI> Eloquence upon no other ground then the <HI>lechery</HI> that &s;ome men have to declare their <HI>notions</HI> with &s;ome|what of <HI>novelty,</HI> a crime <HI>pa&s;sionately</HI> courted at this day. For we mu&s;t note that
<PB N="X" REF="21">
from tho&s;e very cau&s;es from whence we derive our <HI>be&s;t</HI> things we commonly u&s;e to receive very near the <HI>contrary</HI> inconveni|encies. Hence the <HI>happine&s;&s;e</HI> of compo&s;ure, the <HI>&s;trengths, beauties,</HI> and <HI>allurements</HI> of Eloquence, as they may fortunately &s;uc|ceed, &s;o are the foundations and hypothe&s;es of their <HI>contraries</HI> to be con&s;idered in the <HI>&s;ame</HI> Nature. The like we are to &s;uppo&s;e of <HI>Hyperboles</HI> and <HI>Plurals.</HI> Now in the following di&s;cour&s;e I &s;hall &s;hew the <HI>dan|ger</HI> that men conceive in them, and there|fore it will be very nece&s;&s;ary to <HI>enquire</HI> and <HI>re&s;olve</HI> by what means we may avoid tho&s;e <HI>vices</HI> which commonly <HI>&s;ully</HI> and <HI>de|forme</HI> very excellent <HI>heights.</HI> And this (friend) we cannot better do then if we fir&s;t <HI>po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e</HI> our &s;elves of a right knowledge and <HI>judgment</HI> of what is <HI>ju&s;t</HI> and <HI>true Height:</HI> though I confe&s;&s;e I do not look on this as a thing &s;o <HI>ea&s;ily</HI> fea&s;ible; for to judge rightly of a book is but the <HI>reward</HI> and <HI>happine&s;&s;e</HI> of a great experience; yet notwith&s;tanding (to tell you &s;o much by the way) I con|ceive it not impo&s;&s;ible, but a <HI>con&s;iderate</HI> mind may even from <HI>this</HI> Treati&s;e, find a way to make him&s;elf <HI>ma&s;ter</HI> of it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 5.</HEAD>
<P>Now my dear <HI>Terentianus,</HI> we are to note that as it happens in the <HI>cour&s;e of life,</HI>
<PB N="XI" REF="21">
there is nothing <HI>great</HI> which we can &s;ay it is <HI>noble</HI> in any man to <HI>contemn;</HI> as for in|&s;tance, <HI>Wealth, Honour, Repute, Empire,</HI> and all tho&s;e other things that to the <HI>out|ward</HI> appearance &s;eem mo&s;t <HI>maje&s;tick.</HI> For certainly no rationall man can think the&s;e &s;o <HI>ab&s;olutely good</HI> when 'tis no mean <HI>happi|ne&s;&s;e</HI> to <HI>de&s;pi&s;e</HI> them, and therefore they mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily <HI>admire</HI> them that might en|joy them if they <HI>plea&s;ed,</HI> but through <HI>royal|ty</HI> of mind <HI>de&s;pi&s;e</HI> them. The like we are al&s;o to judge of all <HI>Elations</HI> in <HI>Poe&s;y</HI> and <HI>Oratory,</HI> lea&s;t &s;ome things which may ap|pear <HI>big</HI> and <HI>lu&s;ty</HI> and (at the fir&s;t &s;ight) <HI>wrought</HI> with a great deal of <HI>skill,</HI> when they come to be <HI>weighed</HI> become <HI>mi&s;erably</HI> empty, and much <HI>fitter</HI> for <HI>contempt</HI> then <HI>wonder.</HI> For indeed naturally our &s;ouls are &s;o enflamed by true <HI>heights</HI> that they gene|rally <HI>elevate</HI> them&s;elves, and in a <HI>tran&s;port</HI> of <HI>joy</HI> and <HI>wonder</HI> own and father tho&s;e great things that are pre&s;ented to them, as if them&s;elves had <HI>produced</HI> them.</P>
<P>Therefore when we hear any <HI>wi&s;e</HI> and <HI>eloquent</HI> man <HI>utter</HI> and <HI>repeat</HI> any thing that <HI>touches</HI> and <HI>pierces</HI> not, and <HI>fa&s;tens</HI> no more in the mind then a meer remembrance that it was <HI>&s;poken,</HI> but after &s;erious <HI>con&s;ideration decayes</HI> and <HI>vani&s;hes,</HI> this we cannot call <HI>true Height,</HI> as that which can &s;carce <HI>out|la&s;t</HI> the hearing. For that indeed is only
<PB N="XII" REF="22">
<HI>truly noble</HI> which will &s;tand to the te&s;t of a <HI>&s;crutinous con&s;ideration,</HI> and which &s;o <HI>po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;es</HI> us that we are not able to <HI>forget</HI> it; for the memory is <HI>greedy</HI> and will not &s;hake hands with a thing <HI>acceptable.</HI> But believe you tho&s;e things to be only <HI>truly</HI> and <HI>ex|qui&s;itely high,</HI> that can plea&s;e <HI>all men</HI> and at <HI>all times;</HI> therefore when you &s;ee men of <HI>different cu&s;tomes opinions</HI> and <HI>ages</HI> unani|mou&s;ly approve <HI>one</HI> &s;peech, it is to be &s;up|po&s;ed that the judgment of &s;o many <HI>various</HI> minds <HI>con&s;enting</HI> therein is uncontroulable and to be acquie&s;c'd in.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 6</HEAD>
<P>Now &s;ince there are <HI>five</HI> mo&s;t <HI>rich foun|tains</HI> (if I may term them &s;o) of <HI>&s;ublime</HI> Eloquence, (we &s;uppo&s;ing the <HI>faculty</HI> of Oratory as a common <HI>ba&s;e</HI> to the&s;e five <HI>pillars</HI> of the building without which we cannot build at all) The fir&s;t and indeed the mo&s;t royall is <HI>regular va&s;tne&s;&s;e of thought</HI> (as we have already declared when we writ concerning <HI>Xenophon).</HI> The &s;econd, <HI>fierce and tran&s;porting pa&s;sion.</HI> (But <HI>the&s;e</HI> two are commonly received from the in|dulgency of Nature, the&s;e other we mu&s;t be indebted for to <HI>Art</HI> and <HI>Indu&s;try.</HI>) The third, <HI>a right fa&s;hioning and variation of Fi|gures,</HI> (which again are two, tho&s;e of <HI>&s;en|tence</HI>
<PB N="XII" REF="22">
and tho&s;e of <HI>&s;peech.</HI>) The fourth is <HI>ge|nerous</HI> and <HI>&s;elect phra&s;e,</HI> which we mu&s;t &s;ubdivide into <HI>choice of words,</HI> and <HI>flouri&s;hing elaborate elocution.</HI> The fifth and that which indeed con&s;ummates all the re&s;t is <HI>nobility</HI> and <HI>beauty of di&s;po&s;ition.</HI> And now let us con&s;ider the <HI>latitude</HI> and <HI>extent</HI> of each of the&s;e <HI>Ideas,</HI> premi&s;ing thus much, that <HI>Cecilius</HI> hath not mentioned &s;ome of the&s;e <HI>five,</HI> as for example <HI>Pa&s;sion.</HI> But if he thought <HI>height</HI> of <HI>mind</HI> and <HI>vehemence</HI> of <HI>pa&s;sion</HI> to be the &s;ame, or <HI>congeniall</HI> and producing the &s;ame effects, he is much de|ceived. For there are &s;ome <HI>pa&s;sions</HI> which are <HI>low</HI> and <HI>mi&s;erable,</HI> as <HI>Regret, Sorrow,</HI> and <HI>Fear,</HI> which cannot be allyed to <HI>Height;</HI> and be&s;ides there are abundance of <HI>heights</HI> which are wholly <HI>di&s;pa&s;sionate.</HI> For ex|ample (not to in&s;tance a thou&s;and others) what a daring &s;peech of the Poet is this con|cerning the <HI>Aloidae?</HI>
<Q><L>They would have <HI>O&s;&s;a</HI> on <HI>Olympus</HI> thrown</L>
<L>And over that the &s;hady <HI>Pelion</HI></L>
<L>For to &s;cale heaven&mdash;</L></Q>
But that which is bigge&s;t of all
<Q>&mdash;And they had done it too.</Q>
So among the <HI>Oratours</HI> tho&s;e &s;peeches which are either <HI>Panegyricall</HI> or el&s;e <HI>pompous</HI> and <HI>o&s;tentatory</HI> are proudly full of <HI>&s;ublimity</HI> and <HI>bravery,</HI> though commonly void of <HI>pa&s;sion.</HI> Hence is it that an <HI>Oratour</HI> that can be&s;t
<PB N="XIV" REF="23">
move the <HI>affections</HI> is the unfitte&s;t to <HI>prai&s;e,</HI> and he to <HI>prai&s;e</HI> that can be&s;t <HI>charm</HI> the <HI>af|fections.</HI> And if again <HI>Cecilius</HI> conceived that <HI>pa&s;sion</HI> was not &s;ometimes <HI>nece&s;&s;ary</HI> to <HI>Height,</HI> and con&s;equently not worth the mentioning, he is gro&s;ly mi&s;taken. For I confidently affirm it, that above all other things whatever, <HI>Generous pa&s;sions</HI> make men &s;peak <HI>the mo&s;t illu&s;trious</HI> things, and <HI>breath</HI> &s;uch a gallant and admirable <HI>mad|ne&s;&s;e</HI> that there is nothing nearer <HI>divine in|&s;piration.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="7" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 7.</HEAD>
<P>Now for that which I placed <HI>fir&s;t</HI> as in|deed the mo&s;t con&s;iderable of all, <HI>Va&s;tne&s;&s;e of thought,</HI> it will be nece&s;&s;ary we examine whether it be meerly <HI>naturall</HI> or po&s;&s;ibly <HI>acquirable,</HI> though notwith&s;tanding we ought to <HI>nurture</HI> our &s;ouls to <HI>greatne&s;&s;e,</HI> and <HI>impregnate</HI> them (as I may &s;ay) to <HI>thoughts</HI> high and <HI>extraordinary.</HI> But by what means &s;ay you? I have &s;aid here and upon other occa&s;ions, that this <HI>greatne&s;&s;e</HI> was but an <HI>Image</HI> or <HI>Re&s;ultance</HI> of the <HI>mind.</HI> Hence is it that many <HI>naked &s;entences,</HI> wanting the advantage of a <HI>voice,</HI> are admired meerly for their <HI>&s;trength</HI> and <HI>worth.</HI> For in&s;tance, the &s;ilence of <HI>Ajax</HI> in <GAP DESC="foreign"> [<GAP DESC="foreign">] is <HI>&s;tate|ly</HI> and indeed more forcible then any <HI>&s;peech.</HI>
<PB N="XV" REF="23">
We are therefore fir&s;t to enquire for a foun|dation upon which all this may be built, and then we &s;hall find that an <HI>Oratour</HI> ought not to have any thing in his thoughts <HI>low</HI> or <HI>unworthy.</HI> For 'tis impo&s;&s;ible that men who&s;e thoughts are dayly <HI>cageol'd</HI> to &s;ervile and mean de&s;igns can produce any thing miraculous and fit to &s;urvive to all Generations; for we mu&s;t conceive that tho&s;e men <HI>&s;peak</HI> the <HI>brave&s;t</HI> things that have the fulle&s;t and <HI>lu&s;tie&s;t thoughts;</HI> therefore men of <HI>va&s;t</HI> &s;pirits &s;peak the huge&s;t things. Thus <HI>[Alexander]</HI> to <HI>Parmenio</HI> telling him, I &s;hould have been &s;atisfied</P>
<P>as I am <HI>Alexander;</HI> And &s;o I prote&s;t I would if I were <HI>Parmenio.</HI> This &s;hews a <HI>Royalty</HI> of &s;pirit. And the like of <HI>Homer,</HI> in a de&s;cription of <HI>Eris</HI> or &s;trife,
<Q>She walks on earth, yet her head reaches heaven.</Q></P>
<P>This any man will ea&s;ily apprehend to be rather the <HI>&s;tature</HI> of <HI>Homers</HI> mind then of <HI>Eris.</HI> How unlike to which is that of <HI>He|siod</HI> in his <HI>&s;hield</HI> (if you will allow it his)
<Q>Her no&s;thrils dropt ba&s;e na&s;ty matter&mdash;</Q>
Here he makes his <HI>Idea</HI> not <HI>terrible</HI> but <HI>hate|full.</HI> But &s;ee the other <HI>[Homer]</HI> aggran|dize his divinities,
<Q><PB N="XVI" REF="24">
<L>So much of Air as a &s;urvaying eye</L>
<L>Freely &s;tretch'd o're the Ocean can e&s;pie,</L>
<L>So far the Gods high-cre&s;ted hor&s;es leap</L>
<L>At once&mdash;</L></Q>
Mea&s;uring (you &s;ee) their <HI>leaps</HI> by the breadth of the <HI>horizon.</HI> Would not any man then probably a&s;toni&s;hed at the&s;e va&s;t conceptions, cry out, If the&s;e hor&s;es of the Gods &s;hould leap twice, there were no room in the world for them to leap a third time?</P>
<P>Now ob&s;erve but how <HI>Gigantick</HI> and <HI>tran&s;cendent</HI> are tho&s;e <HI>images</HI> about the [Giants] fight with the Gods:
<Q><L><HI>Olympus,</HI> nay even heaven <HI>ecchoed</HI> round, <HI>and,</HI></L>
<L><HI>Pluto</HI> the God of &s;hades trembling <HI>below</HI></L>
<L>And &s;tarting from his throne, must <HI>Neptune</HI> now</L>
<L>(Venting his fears, cry'd he) the earth <HI>divide</HI></L>
<L>And with his <HI>Waters</HI> in the&s;e <HI>caves</HI> abide,</L>
<L>The&s;e <HI>horrid</HI> gha&s;tly mi&s;erable abodes</L>
<L>Vnknown to <HI>light</HI> and <HI>hated</HI> of the Gods?</L></Q></P>
<P>See here (friend) the <HI>earth &s;haken, broken,</HI> and <HI>clefted,</HI> nay even <HI>hell</HI> it &s;elf <HI>laid open,</HI> ap|prehending a turn and di&s;&s;olution of the whole; nay altogether <HI>Heaven, Earth, Mortals, Immortals</HI> equally endangered and concerned in this fight. But the&s;e are ter|rible, and, unle&s;&s;e <HI>allegorically</HI> under&s;tood, ab&s;olutely <HI>Athei&s;ticall</HI> and indeed improper.
<PB N="XVII" REF="24">
For truly <HI>Homer</HI> (if my opinion be any thing) when he brings in his Gods <HI>woun|ded, &s;iding, revenging, weeping, bound, &s;uffer|ing in lo&s;&s;es;</HI> makes the actours in the <HI>Trojan</HI> war, as far as lyes in him, Gods, and the Gods men. For death to us is a certain <HI>haven</HI> and <HI>repo&s;ure</HI> after all unhappine&s;&s;e; but he made the nature and infelicity of his Gods equally eternall. Tho&s;e things are far better which he &s;ayes of the &s;ame fight, when he mentions no <HI>Godhead</HI> but as <HI>great</HI> (as it is very ju&s;t) <HI>pure</HI> and <HI>incorrup|tible;</HI> for example (though many before have noted the place)
<Q><L>&mdash;Each Mountain <HI>trembled,</HI> and each wood</L>
<L>Where the immortall feet of <HI>Neptune</HI> trod.</L>
<L>He drove to th'Sea, where the glad Whales advance</L>
<L>From their va&s;t holes and to their Monarch dance,</L>
<L>(Knowing his power) they rather fly then glide,</L>
<L>While&s;t the glad Seas their trembling waves divide.</L></Q></P>
<P>Thus the <HI>Law-giver</HI> of the <HI>Iews,</HI> and an <HI>excellent</HI> per&s;on, after he had &s;ufficiently declared the <HI>power</HI> of the <HI>Divinity,</HI> and ac|knowledged it, in the very beginning of the Book of his Laws &s;aid, <HI>God &s;poke;</HI> what? <HI>Let there be light, and there was light: Let there be earth, and there was earth.</HI> Pray
<PB N="XVIII" REF="25">
you, my noble friend, think me not trou|ble&s;ome, if out of the Poet I make bold to quote one thing, and &s;uch a one as concerns the affairs of mankind, and that for in&s;tru|ction &s;ake, that we may know a means, and learn the cu&s;tome how to <HI>aggrandize</HI> our natures to the&s;e <HI>heroick</HI> pitches. There was a darkne&s;&s;e &s;uddenly happened and a di&s;mall ob&s;curity waited on it which with|held the Grecians from fight; <HI>Ajax</HI> being at a &s;tand, &s;ayes;
<Q><L>Dear <HI>Jove</HI> clear up the&s;e mi&s;ts, let th'<HI>Gre|cians</HI> &s;ee</L>
<L>A clearer day and not &s;till darkened be;</L>
<L>Give day and let me peri&s;h&mdash;</L></Q>
Nothing can be more like <HI>Ajax</HI> then this <HI>pa&s;sion;</HI> for he begs not life of <HI>Iupiter;</HI> (that had been a <HI>Petition</HI> much below an <HI>Hero</HI>) but when he con&s;idered that the night made men <HI>uncapable</HI> of &s;hewing their <HI>va|lour,</HI> or at lea&s;t, the <HI>mi&s;t</HI> would render them <HI>undi&s;tingui&s;hed,</HI> he breaks into <HI>di&s;dain</HI> and <HI>begs</HI> a &s;uddain approach of <HI>light,</HI> as one that would <HI>find</HI> him&s;elf a <HI>&s;epulchre</HI> worthy of his <HI>valour,</HI> though <HI>Iove</HI> him&s;elf would com|bat with him. Herein <HI>Homer</HI> pur&s;ues <HI>combats</HI> with equall violence, a man en|gag'd and in fury could do no other.
<Q><L>Like dreadful <HI>Mars</HI> or <HI>hungry</HI> fires that rove</L>
<L>In their <HI>free</HI> rage and prey upon a grove,</L>
<L>He <HI>foam'd</HI> for very wrath.</L></Q>
<PB N="XIX" REF="25">
And indeed we may perceive by the <HI>Ody&s;&s;es</HI> (this in many re&s;pects is worth our con&s;i|deration) <HI>great</HI> minds in their <HI>declination &s;tagger</HI> into <HI>Fabling;</HI> for 'tis apparent out of many vi&s;ible inferences, that the <HI>Ody&s;&s;es</HI> were a &s;econd work of the Poets as <HI>additi|onall</HI> to what he had formerly treated of the war of <HI>Troy;</HI> and thus much you can|not but acknowledge from tho&s;e <HI>griefs</HI> and <HI>lamentations</HI> we find <HI>there,</HI> which we mu&s;t &s;uppo&s;e to be made to people that knew them <HI>before;</HI> for I may ju&s;tly &s;ay the <HI>Ody&s;|&s;es</HI> were but a <HI>corollary</HI> to the <HI>Iliads.</HI>
<Q><L><HI>Here</HI> lies &s;tout <HI>Ajax; here Achilles; here</HI></L>
<L><HI>Patroclus,</HI> who&s;e great mind the Gods might &s;teere;</L>
<L>And <HI>here</HI> mine own dear &s;on&mdash;</L></Q>
From this very cau&s;e I think it proceeds that the <HI>Iliads</HI> written in the <HI>&s;trength</HI> and <HI>exaltation</HI> of his &s;pirit were wholly full of <HI>life</HI> and <HI>action;</HI> But the <HI>Ody&s;&s;es</HI> &s;olely abound with <HI>Narrations</HI> which is the <HI>property</HI> of old Age, &s;o that in them a man may compare <HI>Homer</HI> to the <HI>&s;etting</HI> Sun, who though he have lo&s;t much of his <HI>vigour</HI> retains his <HI>greatne&s;&s;e:</HI> For indeed he pre&s;erves not the <HI>magnificence,</HI> the &s;tayed <HI>height,</HI> the <HI>collecti|ons, con&s;tant</HI> Gravity, <HI>brave uniting</HI> of dif|ferent <HI>pa&s;sions, &s;ubtle conduct</HI> and <HI>depths</HI> of Policy, <HI>&s;hadow'd</HI> and <HI>veyld</HI> with appearances of Truth. But as the unquiet <HI>Ocean</HI> removes
<PB N="XX" REF="26">
it &s;elf and <HI>de&s;erts</HI> tho&s;e &s;hoars it had <HI>for|merly</HI> overflown; &s;o may we <HI>&s;ay</HI> of him, that this <HI>remainder</HI> was the <HI>Ebbe</HI> of his great|ne&s;&s;e, though this will &s;eem very <HI>improbable</HI> to &s;uch as are <HI>delighted</HI> with <HI>Fables,</HI> or will remain <HI>incredulous.</HI> When I &s;ay this I for|get not the <HI>Tempe&s;ts,</HI> the <HI>Cyclops,</HI> and many others; but I put a <HI>remark</HI> on old Age, or to &s;ay better, the old age of <HI>Homer:</HI> Only in the&s;e that I am now to quote the <HI>Fabu|lous</HI> part very much exceeds the <HI>Reall.</HI> I have <HI>digre&s;&s;ed</HI> thus far as I formerly inti|mated, that I might <HI>&s;hew</HI> how the mo&s;t <HI>con|&s;ummate</HI> minds being once in the wane, be|come <HI>darkened</HI> by the greate&s;t <HI>follies:</HI> to go no further for <HI>in&s;tance</HI> then the <HI>&s;tory</HI> of the <HI>enchanted Bottles; Circe's</HI> transformed hogs, which <HI>Zollus</HI> plea&s;antly called <HI>weeping &s;wine;</HI> the nur&s;ing of <HI>Iove</HI> by <HI>Doves</HI> [or the <HI>Pleiades] He</HI> that after <HI>&s;hipwrack</HI> liv'd 10 dayes without meat; and the&s;e <HI>ab&s;olute impo&s;sibilities</HI> of &s;laying the <HI>woers;</HI> what can a man think otherwi&s;e of <HI>the&s;e</HI> but as <HI>excellent</HI> dreams? <HI>Another</HI> que&s;tion will now ari&s;e why I &s;o often mention the <HI>Ody&s;&s;es,</HI> and I mu&s;t an&s;wer; To make it ap|pear how far <HI>decrepit</HI> wits dwindle into things that <HI>concern manners,</HI> as the things morally related to <HI>Vly&s;&s;es</HI> [at his return concerning his wife and woers,] &s;eem to carry the <HI>&s;hape</HI> and <HI>fa&s;hion</HI> of an exact <HI>Co|medy.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="8" TYPE="section">
<PB N="XXI" REF="26">
<HEAD>&sect;. 8.</HEAD>
<P>To <HI>pur&s;ue</HI> our <HI>Bu&s;ine&s;&s;e</HI> we'l con&s;ider whe|ther there be any more wayes to <HI>advance</HI> Eloquence and render it <HI>Illu&s;trious.</HI> Now &s;ince upon every <HI>occa&s;ion</HI> or <HI>&s;ubject</HI> there are &s;ome <HI>parts</HI> or <HI>circum&s;tances</HI> that mu&s;t ne|ce&s;&s;arily <HI>relate</HI> unto it, we &s;hall find a very good <HI>advantage</HI> to our intentions if we will <HI>choo&s;e</HI> the <HI>be&s;t</HI> of tho&s;e things that <HI>offer</HI> them&s;elves unto us, and &s;o <HI>cement</HI> them together that (like <HI>Mu&s;ive</HI> work) they may appear <HI>altogether</HI> but as <HI>one</HI> thing; for <HI>choice</HI> of the mo&s;t <HI>con&s;iderable</HI> notions, and <HI>beauteous di&s;po&s;ure</HI> and <HI>crowding</HI> them toge|ther <HI>per&s;uades</HI> not the Reader, but <HI>enforces</HI> him. Thus did <HI>Sappho &s;ingle</HI> out all tho&s;e <HI>accidents</HI> that are either <HI>inherent</HI> or <HI>con&s;e|quentiall</HI> to <HI>love</HI> and <HI>melancholy,</HI> and, ap|prehending what they are, really di&s;po&s;e them to the <HI>be&s;t</HI> advantage. But <HI>where</HI> appeares this great <HI>skill?</HI> &s;he knew how to call out the <HI>greate&s;t</HI> and <HI>brave&s;t</HI> things, and then to <HI>mould</HI> them into <HI>proportion</HI> and <HI>corre&s;pondencie:</HI>
<Q><LG>
<L>He that &s;its next thee now and hears</L>
<L>Thy <HI>charming</HI> voyce to me appears</L>
<L><HI>Beauteous</HI> as any <HI>Deity</HI></L>
<L>That rules the skie.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<PB N="XXII" REF="27">
<L>How did his <HI>plea&s;ing</HI> glances dart</L>
<L><HI>Sweet</HI> languors to my <HI>ravi&s;h'd</HI> heart!</L>
<L>At the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> &s;ight thou &s;o <HI>prevail'd</HI></L>
<L>That my voice <HI>fail'd.</HI></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>I'me <HI>&s;peechle&s;&s;e, feav'ri&s;h,</HI> fires a&s;&s;ail</L>
<L>My <HI>fainting fle&s;h,</HI> my <HI>&s;ight</HI> doth fail,</L>
<L>While&s;t to my <HI>re&s;tle&s;&s;e</HI> mind my <HI>ears</HI></L>
<L>Still <HI>hum</HI> new <HI>fears.</HI></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L><HI>Cold &s;weats</HI> and <HI>tremblings</HI> &s;o invade</L>
<L>That like a <HI>wither'd flower I fade,</HI></L>
<L>So that my <HI>life</HI> being almo&s;t lo&s;t</L>
<L>I &s;eem a <HI>Gho&s;t.</HI></L>
</LG></Q>
<Q>Yet &s;ince I'me wretched I mu&s;t dare.</Q></P>
<P><HI>Wonder</HI> you not at this? The <HI>&s;oul,</HI> the <HI>body,</HI> the <HI>tongue,</HI> the <HI>ears,</HI> the <HI>eyes,</HI> the <HI>com|plexion,</HI> things &s;o widely <HI>different</HI> are here by a &s;trange <HI>artifice</HI> brought <HI>together,</HI> and according to her &s;everall contrary <HI>agitations;</HI> how &s;he <HI>burns,</HI> how &s;he <HI>freezes,</HI> how &s;he <HI>raves,</HI> &amp; how &s;he <HI>deliberates!</HI> for ei|ther &s;he's in <HI>fear</HI> or at the point of <HI>death;</HI> &s;o that it appears not a <HI>&s;ingle pa&s;sion,</HI> but a <HI>conflux</HI> and general <HI>rendezvouz</HI> of them <HI>all;</HI> yet all this is no le&s;&s;e then what any <HI>lover</HI> undergoes. Now the choice as I have told you of the <HI>be&s;t,</HI> and <HI>hand&s;ome</HI> di&s;po&s;ure hath <HI>wrought up</HI> this excellency, and thus in
<PB N="XXIII" REF="27">
my opinion the <HI>Poet</HI> mentioning a <HI>tempe&s;t</HI> brings in the <HI>terrible&s;t</HI> things can be expect|ed. Now he that writ the <HI>Arimaspeia</HI> con|ceived the&s;e circum&s;tances full of dread;
<Q><L>'Tis &s;trange nor can our thoughts the <HI>rea&s;on</HI> tell,</L>
<L>Men far from <HI>Land</HI> in <HI>Seas</HI> and <HI>Water</HI> dwell,</L>
<L><HI>All</HI> are unhappy though their task be hard,</L>
<L>Their <HI>thoughts</HI> in th' <HI>Sea,</HI> their <HI>eyes</HI> to <HI>hea|ven</HI> rear'd;</L>
<L>While&s;t to the <HI>carele&s;&s;e</HI> Gods their <HI>hands</HI> they heave.</L>
<L>And the <HI>&s;earch'd entrails</HI> no a&s;&s;urance give.</L></Q></P>
<P>I think any man may conceive that this is very <HI>plea&s;ant</HI> and <HI>flo&s;culent:</HI> But to &s;hew you what <HI>Homer</HI> hath done in this point, I will give you this one <HI>in&s;tance</HI> in &s;tead of many.
<Q><L>He fell, as on a <HI>&s;hip</HI> an <HI>angry</HI> wave</L>
<L>To&s;t by the <HI>wind</HI> which <HI>forcibly</HI> doth rave</L>
<L>Covering her all with <HI>froth,</HI> while&s;t <HI>whirl|winds</HI> &s;hake</L>
<L>Their <HI>Ma&s;ts,</HI> and the de&s;pairing Sea-men <HI>quake,</HI></L>
<L>Seeing how little di&s;tant they're from death.</L></Q>
This did <HI>Aratus</HI> endeavour to imitate;
<Q>A little <HI>timber keeps</HI> them out of <HI>hell.</HI></Q>
Now in &s;teed of making the bu&s;ine&s;&s; <HI>dread|full</HI> he hath made it <HI>&s;mooth</HI> and <HI>little,</HI> for
<PB N="XXIV" REF="28">
he ended their danger when he &s;ayes, <HI>Keeps them out of Hell,</HI> that is to &s;ay, &s;ecures them. Now the <HI>Poet</HI> not content with the &s;ingle mention of their danger de&s;cribes them <HI>con|tinually</HI> and <HI>variou&s;ly</HI> peri&s;hing, and ready to be <HI>&s;wallowed</HI> up by <HI>every</HI> wave. Be&s;ides, how <HI>fitly</HI> hath he brought together two <HI>prepo&s;itions</HI> of a <HI>different</HI> nature, <HI>forcing</HI> them as it were in <HI>de&s;pight</HI> of their <HI>&s;ingularity</HI> to join, <GAP DESC="foreign">, the ver&s;e being <HI>trou|bled</HI> like the <HI>pa&s;sion</HI> it treats of. Now this <HI>fainting</HI> of the ver&s;e doth the mo&s;t <HI>naturally</HI> re&s;emble <HI>fear</HI> of any thing po&s;&s;ible, having &s;o properly <HI>languag'd</HI> the danger that were it <HI>reall</HI> it could not <HI>produce</HI> any thing more <HI>pa&s;sionate;</HI> <GAP DESC="foreign">. Thus <HI>Archilochus</HI> in his Poem called the <HI>Ship|wrack,</HI> and <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> of the coming of Tidings, <HI>It grew toward night,</HI> &s;ayes he. But <HI>the&s;e</HI> men (&s;ome will tell me) choo&s;ing the mo&s;t <HI>illu&s;trious</HI> things that had been &s;aid, and <HI>knitting</HI> them according to their <HI>&s;eve|rall worths</HI> into <HI>one</HI> piece, produc'd nothing that was <HI>&s;welling, unbecoming,</HI> or <HI>Pedantick.</HI> For &s;uch things <HI>infect</HI> the whole like <HI>wa&s;hes,</HI> but great <HI>Buildings</HI> are rai&s;ed up by the <HI>cor|re&s;pondence</HI> of parts <HI>one</HI> towards <HI>another.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="9" TYPE="section">
<PB N="XXV" REF="28">
<HEAD>&sect;. 9.</HEAD>
<P>Another <HI>vertue collegue</HI> to the&s;e is <HI>Ampli|fication,</HI> that is, when, the <HI>Subject</HI> bearing it, <HI>causes</HI> and <HI>circum&s;tances</HI> are con&s;idered and <HI>thrown</HI> into &s;uch <HI>Periods</HI> and <HI>turns</HI> and <HI>&s;toops,</HI> that they are &s;o <HI>incircled</HI> and <HI>twi&s;ted</HI> one with another, that they <HI>mount</HI> up by equall <HI>&s;teps</HI> to ju&s;t <HI>greatne&s;&s;e,</HI> and this either upon the handling a <HI>Common-place,</HI> or upon <HI>exaggeration,</HI> or <HI>ju&s;tification</HI> of an action, or <HI>&s;trengthening</HI> an <HI>argument, methodizing Re|lations,</HI> or <HI>Pa&s;sions,</HI> and millions of other. Now mu&s;t the Oratour know that none of <HI>the&s;e</HI> can <HI>&s;tand</HI> by it <HI>&s;elf,</HI> but it is utterly <HI>lame</HI> without <HI>Height,</HI> unle&s;&s;e it be in ca&s;es of <HI>commi&s;eration</HI> or <HI>extenuation;</HI> But for all other <HI>Amplifications,</HI> deprive them but of <HI>Height,</HI> and like <HI>&s;oulele&s;&s;e carka&s;&s;es</HI> they <HI>fall</HI> down <HI>dead.</HI> For that which is <HI>forcible</HI> in them if not <HI>&s;trengthened</HI> and <HI>back'd</HI> with <HI>Height, langui&s;hes</HI> and <HI>decayes</HI> immediately. Now what we at <HI>pre&s;ent</HI> &s;peak is of a very <HI>different</HI> nature from what we have <HI>formerly &s;aid,</HI> for that was meerly a <HI>di&s;che&s;iling</HI> of the general de&s;ign, and <HI>con&s;idering</HI> it all together; but now we are to con&s;ider how far <HI>Heights</HI> and <HI>Amplifications differ</HI> in the <HI>main,</HI> and that we &s;hall <HI>briefly</HI> and <HI>per&s;picuou&s;ly</HI> de|termine.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="10" TYPE="section">
<PB N="XXVI" REF="29">
<HEAD>&sect;. 10.</HEAD>
<P>I am to confe&s;&s;e that I am very much <HI>di&s;&s;a|tisfied</HI> with the <HI>definition</HI> which they who have treated of this <HI>Art</HI> generally give; <HI>Amplification</HI> (&s;ay they) is that <HI>which brings a lu&s;tre or noblene&s;&s;e to the &s;ubject matter.</HI> This may as well be a common definition to <HI>Heights, Pa&s;sions</HI> and <HI>Tropes,</HI> which all derive <HI>lu&s;tre</HI> and <HI>greatne&s;&s;e</HI> to what they treat of. Now (to me) there appears a very great difference between <HI>Height</HI> and <HI>Ampli|fication:</HI> from the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> we mu&s;t expect <HI>ela|tion,</HI> from the <HI>&s;econd, plenty;</HI> therefore we often find the <HI>one</HI> in a <HI>particular</HI> &s;entence, the other mu&s;t come in a <HI>Bulk</HI> and out of <HI>abundance.</HI> For <HI>Amplification</HI> (to be <HI>&s;hort</HI> in the bu&s;ine&s;s) is a <HI>comprehen&s;ion</HI> of <HI>all</HI> tho&s;e <HI>circum&s;tances</HI> that concern the <HI>matter,</HI> and enforcement of the <HI>memory</HI> to a compliance with the <HI>de&s;ign</HI> in hand; and &s;o it differs from <HI>&s;trong argument,</HI> becau&s;e it mu&s;t be ad|mitted to the <HI>determination</HI> of the contro|ver&s;ie.</P>
<P>Thus does Greatne&s;&s;e oftentimes <HI>richly pour</HI> forth it &s;elf, and like a <HI>large ocean over|whelm</HI>
<PB N="XXVII" REF="29">
all round about it. Hence is it I con|ceive <HI>this</HI> Oratour to be &s;o <HI>nobly</HI> pa&s;&s;ionate in his <HI>Orations,</HI> and have &s;o much of <HI>flame</HI> and <HI>fiery agitation</HI> of mind. Now he retai|ning his <HI>maje&s;ty</HI> and <HI>becoming</HI> magnificence <HI>decayes</HI> not at all: but methinks, <HI>Terentia|nus,</HI> in other places he doth not &s;o well <HI>turn</HI> and <HI>wind</HI> him&s;elf as <HI>here;</HI> yet this I &s;hal not &s;o <HI>confidently</HI> affirm, becau&s;e po&s;&s;ibly <HI>we Grecians</HI> are no competent judges of <HI>Cicero.</HI> Now <HI>Cicero</HI> and <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> differ very much in their <HI>Heights,</HI> for tho&s;e of <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> are <HI>&s;umm'd</HI> up into <HI>brevity,</HI> tho&s;e of <HI>Cicero &s;pread</HI> them&s;elves at <HI>full. Our</HI> Ora|tour is &s;o <HI>forcible</HI> that with his <HI>fiercene&s;&s;e, &s;wiftne&s;&s;e,</HI> and <HI>&s;trength,</HI> as a <HI>whirlwind</HI> or <HI>thunderbolt,</HI> he <HI>overthrows</HI> and <HI>burns</HI> all. Now <HI>Cicero</HI> is like a prevailing <HI>conflagration</HI> preying upon all, continually <HI>mounting,</HI> and not <HI>ea&s;ie</HI> to be <HI>extingui&s;h'd,</HI> but ever <HI>en|larging</HI> it &s;elf, as indeed it is in <HI>him, varying</HI> it many wayes, but yet <HI>perpetually nouri&s;hed</HI> and <HI>&s;hining.</HI> But of the&s;e things <HI>your &s;elf</HI> may <HI>better</HI> judge. Now the <HI>Demo&s;thenicall elevation</HI> is <HI>then</HI> proper when we have occa|&s;ion to <HI>exaggerate,</HI> when we would <HI>violently burry</HI> all before us with <HI>great</HI> pa&s;&s;ion, and indeed at once <HI>&s;torm</HI> the <HI>mind</HI> of the Audi|tour and <HI>take</HI> him <HI>in.</HI> The other greatne&s;&s;e which is <HI>copious</HI> and <HI>A&s;iatick</HI> is then to be u&s;ed when we have a mind to <HI>&s;troak</HI> and
<PB N="XXVIII" REF="30">
<HI>&s;urpri&s;e</HI> the Auditors with &s;ome <HI>blandi&s;h|ments,</HI> when we have any <HI>common place</HI> to handle, in all <HI>expatiations</HI> and <HI>digre&s;sions,</HI> in all <HI>relations demon&s;trations,</HI> or <HI>hi&s;tories,</HI> in all <HI>de&s;criptions</HI> of <HI>naturall</HI> things, be&s;ides a many other occa&s;ions whereunto this <HI>plen|tifull way of &s;peech</HI> is much more &s;ervice|able then the <HI>re&s;trained.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="11" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 11.</HEAD>
<P>Nay that <HI>Plato</HI> too (for I <HI>return</HI> from this digre&s;&s;ion) like a <HI>deep</HI> river glides <HI>&s;moothly</HI> and <HI>&s;ilently,</HI> yet notwith&s;tanding wants not his <HI>&s;ublimities,</HI> you your &s;elf mu&s;t acknow|ledge if you read his <HI>Politicks. Now the&s;e</HI> &s;ayes he, <HI>that are &s;trangers to wi&s;dome and vertue, and lavi&s;h their time in banquets and &s;uch entertainments, methinks are perpetually &s;inking downward, and do nothing but &s;traggle all their lives through, for their eyes are too fee|ble ever to look upon truth, much le&s;&s;e to gaze on her and admire her: Nor did they ever ta&s;te any reall or &s;tedfa&s;t plea&s;ures, but like bea&s;ts lay perpetually grovelling and poaring on the earth, con&s;idering no fur|ther then their victuals, with which being once glutted and &s;atisfied, there is nothing to do but to dance and wanton. Hence is it that the greedine&s;&s;e of the&s;e things encrea&s;ing with the debauchery, they a&s;&s;ail one another with a mu|tuall
<PB N="XXIX" REF="30">
rage, and fighting with iron horns and hoofs peri&s;h in this brutall avarice.</HI> Now this <HI>great man</HI> here &s;hews us if we will but be <HI>content</HI> to <HI>learn</HI> from him, that there is <HI>another</HI> way unto <HI>Height</HI> be&s;ides tho&s;e we <HI>formerly</HI> mentioned: and <HI>what</HI> &s;hould <HI>this</HI> be? A <HI>diligent</HI> and <HI>&s;trict imitation</HI> of &s;uch <HI>famous Poets</HI> and <HI>Writers</HI> as have gone <HI>before</HI> us. And this is a <HI>mark,</HI> my dear friend, that we ought to &s;pend all our <HI>skill</HI> and <HI>indu&s;trie</HI> to <HI>hit</HI> exactly: For many are &s;o <HI>rapt</HI> and <HI>tran&s;ported</HI> with the conceptions of <HI>another,</HI> that they are po&s;&s;e&s;|&s;ed like the <HI>Pithia raving</HI> upon her <HI>Tripos,</HI> where there is a <HI>cleft</HI> of the earth <HI>breaths up</HI> (as they &s;ay) a <HI>&s;trong in&s;piring</HI> vapour, which &s;eizing the prophete&s;&s;e <HI>&s;hakes</HI> her, and <HI>fils</HI> her with &s;uch <HI>divine furies</HI> that &s;he <HI>raves</HI> out my&s;teries and <HI>prophe&s;ies</HI> according|ly. Such kind of <HI>airs</HI> and <HI>vapours &s;hoot</HI> them&s;elves from the <HI>admirable</HI> writings of <HI>ancient</HI> Authors, as it were from &s;ome <HI>&s;ecret</HI> cave, which <HI>breath</HI> upon the &s;ouls of their <HI>imitatours</HI> though po&s;&s;ibly not made for &s;uch high tran&s;ports, and <HI>&s;well</HI> them up in|to a <HI>greatne&s;&s;e</HI> like their <HI>own. Herodotus</HI> was in a manner a <HI>&s;ole</HI> imitatour of <HI>Homer,</HI> and before him <HI>Ste&s;ichorus</HI> and <HI>Archilochus,</HI> but none more <HI>&s;tudiou&s;ly</HI> followed him then <HI>Plato,</HI> who deriv'd many <HI>&s;treams</HI> from <HI>Homers</HI> great <HI>River</HI> into his own <HI>channells.</HI>
<PB N="XXX" REF="31">
Nor are we to call this <HI>theft,</HI> but a <HI>repre&s;en|tation</HI> of the <HI>be&s;t Thoughts, Artifices</HI> or <HI>Inven|tions.</HI> Yet doth he not &s;eem to me to mingle the&s;e &s;o <HI>commonly</HI> with his <HI>Philo&s;ophy,</HI> or <HI>ordinarily</HI> to <HI>digre&s;&s;e</HI> into <HI>Poeticall</HI> expre&s;&s;ions or conceptions: but only when with a <HI>&s;et|tled</HI> purpo&s;e he endeavours to di&s;pute <HI>prehe|minence</HI> with <HI>Homer</HI> (though already <HI>&s;et|tled</HI> in a high <HI>reputation</HI>) which he doth with &s;o much eagerne&s;&s;e, that <HI>skirmi&s;hing</HI> (as it were) with him he often not <HI>unfor|tunately</HI> enters the <HI>li&s;ts,</HI> and maintains the <HI>Combat:</HI> but as <HI>He&s;iod</HI> &s;ayes
<Q>&mdash;The&s;e <HI>&s;trifes</HI> are <HI>good</HI> in men&mdash;</Q>
And indeed the&s;e are the <HI>noble&s;t</HI> and <HI>worthi|e&s;t</HI> contentions that are about the <HI>crown</HI> of <HI>glory,</HI> for in this to be <HI>overcome</HI> by ones <HI>pre|dece&s;&s;ors</HI> is not <HI>di&s;honourable.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="12" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 12.</HEAD>
<P>Therefore when we goe about any thing which &s;hould carry in it <HI>&s;ublimity</HI> of &s;pirit, it will be very good &s;trongly to <HI>imagine</HI> in our &s;elves how <HI>Homer</HI> if there were occa&s;ion would have &s;aid &s;uch a thing, how <HI>Plato,</HI> how <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> would have <HI>rais'd</HI> it, or if it be in <HI>Hi&s;tory,</HI> how <HI>Thucydides;</HI> for by that means &s;uch <HI>illu&s;trious</HI> &s;hapes <HI>appearing</HI> to us, and, as it were, <HI>conver&s;ing</HI> with us, <HI>whis|per</HI> unto us expre&s;&s;ions to <HI>&s;hadow</HI> out what
<PB N="XXXI" REF="31">
we &s;hall conceive; or rather if we can <HI>po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e</HI> our &s;elves with a <HI>jealou&s;ie,</HI> how <HI>Ho|mer</HI> if he were pre&s;ent, or <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> would judge of &s;uch a thing. For it is no mean <HI>incitement</HI> unto <HI>glory</HI> for a man to propo&s;e unto him&s;elf &s;uch a <HI>Theatre</HI> and &s;uch a <HI>Tribunall,</HI> and to have &s;uch <HI>Heroes</HI> the <HI>judges</HI> or <HI>advocates</HI> of his writings, and this in realty. Above all this there is no|thing more <HI>incites</HI> then if you <HI>weigh</HI> with your &s;elf how every &s;ucceeding <HI>eye</HI> would <HI>receive</HI> tho&s;e things which are in writing. Now if a man be afraid le&s;t he may <HI>live</HI> to &s;ee the <HI>funerall</HI> of what he goes about, it is an evident &s;ign that his <HI>conceptions</HI> are but <HI>flat, narrow, abortive,</HI> and <HI>&s;hapele&s;&s;e,</HI> and not able to endure and &s;urvive to the en|joyment of any future glory.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="13" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 13.</HEAD>
<P>Now is <HI>youth</HI> to be acquainted, that <HI>Pomp, wealth of Speech, proud Emulations,</HI> are by no means better acquir'd then by <HI>Phanta&s;ies,</HI> which &s;ome have called <GAP DESC="foreign"> [or inward images of things.] Now by <HI>Phanta&s;ie</HI> is <HI>generally</HI> under&s;tood any conception which may be <HI>fa&s;hion'd</HI> into <HI>Speech;</HI> but more <HI>particularly</HI> it hath pre|vailed to be accepted only of &s;uch <HI>repre&s;en|tations</HI> as being to be <HI>worded,</HI> thou wilt be
<PB N="XXXII" REF="32">
&s;o <HI>agitated</HI> with <HI>fury</HI> and <HI>pa&s;&s;ion</HI> as to think thou <HI>really</HI> &s;ee&s;t them, and &s;o make them <HI>vi&s;ible</HI> even to the hearers. Notwith&s;tand|ing you mu&s;t take this by the way, that a <HI>Rhetoricall</HI> and <HI>Poeticall phanta&s;ie</HI> are quite different, for that which the <HI>Poet</HI> ought to aim at is <HI>Amazement,</HI> that which the <HI>Ora|tour, clearne&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>conviction,</HI> yet both of them equally require <HI>commotion</HI> or <HI>agi|tation.</HI>
<Q><L>O <HI>mother</HI> I be&s;eech thee &s;end not hither</L>
<L>The&s;e <HI>Serpent-hair'd,</HI> the&s;e <HI>bloody-vi|&s;ag'd</HI> hags.</L>
<L>O <HI>they're</HI> at <HI>hand,</HI> and <HI>now</HI> begin to <HI>&s;eize</HI> mee.</L></Q>
and
<Q>O <HI>&s;he</HI> will <HI>&s;lay</HI> me, whither &s;hall I <HI>fly?</HI></Q>
Here the Poet <HI>him&s;elf</HI> &s;aw not the&s;e <HI>furies,</HI> yet &s;o <HI>imag'd</HI> them that he almo&s;t <HI>forc'd</HI> the &s;pectators to believe they were before their <HI>eyes.</HI> And indeed to &s;peak truth <HI>Euripides</HI> is very diligent in <HI>exalting</HI> and <HI>enflaming</HI> of tho&s;e two <HI>grand</HI> agitations of <HI>love</HI> and <HI>mad|ne&s;&s;e,</HI> and in <HI>them</HI> (I cannot &s;ay in the <HI>re&s;t</HI>) extreamly <HI>fortunate,</HI> although he hath not wanted <HI>courage</HI> to attempt other phanta&s;ies: for though his mind was not <HI>fram'd</HI> with the <HI>greate&s;t,</HI> yet hath he often <HI>forc'd</HI> it into many <HI>brave</HI> raptures and <HI>tragicall</HI> exce&s;&s;es, but e&s;pecially <HI>greatne&s;&s;es,</HI> that we may apply to him that of the Poet [&s;peaking of a Lion]
<Q><PB N="XXXIII" REF="32">
<L>Then with his tail <HI>la&s;hing</HI> his &s;ides and thighs</L>
<L>He <HI>gathers</HI> wrath and to the <HI>combat</HI> flyes.</L></Q>
Now when the <HI>Sun</HI> delivers the reins of his charriot to <HI>Phaeton;</HI>
<Q><L>Drive, but be &s;ure thou <HI>&s;hun</HI> the <HI>Africk</HI> skie,</L>
<L>For &s;hee no <HI>moi&s;ture</HI> hath to <HI>cool</HI> the <HI>heat</HI></L>
<L>Of thy <HI>hot</HI> wheels&mdash;</L></Q>
And afterward,
<Q><L>Towards the &s;even <HI>Pleiades</HI> Child bend thy cour&s;e.</L>
<L>He bearing this <HI>eagerly</HI> &s;natch'd the reins,</L>
<L>And &s;harply <HI>la&s;hing</HI> the <HI>&s;wift fiery</HI> &s;teeds,</L>
<L>Gave <HI>rein:</HI> they through the airs blew <HI>con|vex</HI> flew,</L>
<L>While&s;t that his <HI>Father</HI> as <HI>Po&s;tilion</HI> rode</L>
<L>In&s;tructing him <HI>which way</HI> and <HI>how to</HI> drive;</L>
<L>But he drove <HI>up</HI> and <HI>down</HI>&mdash;</L></Q>
Would not any man &s;ay the &s;oul of <HI>Euri|pides</HI> hath here taken <HI>coach</HI> with <HI>Phaeton,</HI> and with like <HI>danger</HI> was <HI>hurried</HI> along by the hor&s;es? for it had been <HI>impo&s;sible</HI> for him to have <HI>figur'd</HI> &s;uch things, had not his thoughts been <HI>mightily elevated</HI> in the <HI>con|templation</HI> of what was done in <HI>heaven.</HI> Par|allel to the&s;e is that in his <HI>Ca&s;&s;andra,</HI>
<Q>But O Hor&s;e-loving <HI>Trojans</HI>&mdash;</Q>
Now <HI>Ae&s;chylus</HI> was very daring in the&s;e <HI>heroicall</HI> conceptions, let this in his <HI>Seven at Thebes</HI> demon&s;trate,
<Q><PB N="XXXIV" REF="33">
<L>&mdash;<HI>Seven</HI> &s;tout undaunted Captains,</L>
<L>Slaying a <HI>Bull</HI> upon a broad black <HI>&s;hield,</HI></L>
<L>Covenanted by oath to <HI>Mars</HI> and fierce <HI>Enyo</HI></L>
<L>And pale blood-thir&s;ty <HI>fear</HI>&mdash;</L></Q>
They without remor&s;e <HI>mutually</HI> &s;wearing their <HI>own deaths:</HI> and yet as he &s;ometimes <HI>flags</HI> into thoughts not only <HI>little</HI> and <HI>incon|&s;iderable,</HI> but <HI>deformed</HI> and <HI>unpoli&s;ht;</HI> &s;o <HI>Eu|ripides</HI> out of an affectation of honor <HI>imbarks</HI> him&s;elf in the &s;ame <HI>danger.</HI> Thus in <HI>Ae&s;chylus,</HI> when the court of <HI>Lycurgus</HI> was divinely <HI>agi|tated</HI> at the unexpected appeara~ce of <HI>Bacchus,</HI></P>
<P><HI>The Court grew</HI> furious <HI>&amp; the</HI> roofs <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 word"></HI> rage. <HI>Euripides</HI> &s;peaks the &s;ame thing though he &s;peak it otherwi&s;e:
<Q>&mdash;The whole mountain <HI>rag'd.</HI></Q>
Nay and <HI>Sophocles</HI> admirably repre&s;ents <HI>Oedipus</HI> dying in the mid&s;t of a great <HI>Tem|pe&s;t</HI> and <HI>burning</HI> him&s;elf: As al&s;o the &s;et|ting &s;ail of the <HI>Grecians,</HI> and likewi&s;e the appearance of <HI>Achilles</HI> from the <HI>Tombe</HI> when they were &s;etting forward. Which very <HI>Image</HI> I know not who hath <HI>drawn</HI> better to the <HI>life</HI> then <HI>Simonides.</HI> Now the&s;e <HI>Idea's</HI> we find in Poets are more <HI>fabulou&s;ly</HI> rai&s;ed (as we &s;aid before) and not to be <HI>calculated</HI> by faith; But the <HI>Rhetoricall</HI> are then mo&s;t ex|cellent when they are <HI>efficacious</HI> and <HI>verita|ble.</HI> But <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">igre&s;&s;ions</HI> are <HI>unproper</HI> and <HI>un&s;uf|ferable</HI> if they <HI>ramble</HI> into <HI>Poetry</HI> or <HI>fictions,</HI> or any thing that &s;eems to carry an <HI>impo&s;&s;i|bilitie:</HI>
<PB N="XXXV" REF="33">
Yet now adayes (for&s;ooth) we &s;ee a many of tho&s;e that <HI>would be</HI> thought no &s;mall <HI>Oratours &s;well</HI> in a Tragick manner and &s;eem <HI>furies,</HI> yet will the&s;e <HI>brave</HI> men <HI>conde&s;cend</HI> to con&s;ider or <HI>learn</HI> that when <HI>Ore&s;tes</HI> &s;ayes
<Q><L><HI>Uncla&s;p thou</HI> that art one of my <HI>Tor|menters,</HI></L>
<L>And gra&s;p me not to throw me down&mdash;</L></Q>
He imagines the&s;e things becau&s;e he was <HI>mad.</HI> But then will you &s;ay, What u&s;e of <HI>Rhetoricall</HI> Phanta&s;ie? Marry to carry on high <HI>emulations,</HI> and <HI>heighten</HI> great pa&s;&s;ions, be&s;ides many <HI>other;</HI> &s;o that being <HI>mingled</HI> with other Arguments to the purpo&s;e, they do not only <HI>per&s;uade</HI> the Hearer but <HI>conquer him. If any</HI> (&s;ayes the Oratour) <HI>&s;hould hear a great noi&s;e before the Hall of Iu&s;tice, and &s;ome body &s;hould bring word that the Pri&s;on were broke open, what old or young man would be &s;o unworthy as not to give all po&s;&s;ible a&s;&s;i|&s;tance in this ca&s;e? But if &s;ome pa&s;&s;ing by &s;hould &s;ay this is the man</HI> [that broke the pri&s;on and &s;hew him] <HI>and he not be admit|ted to &s;peak, he could not e&s;cape &s;udden death.</HI> Thus <HI>Hyperides haranguing</HI> when he had &s;et free the <HI>&s;laves</HI> after the defeat [of <HI>Chero|naea] This was</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>not done by voices, not by per&s;ua&s;ions of Oratours, but the Battle of Cheronaea.</HI> Thus he not only <HI>fortifies</HI> his argument, but makes <HI>way</HI> for a <HI>Phanta&s;ie</HI>
<PB N="XXXVI" REF="34">
and therefore by this <HI>a&s;&s;umption</HI> exceeded the <HI>common</HI> bound and <HI>means</HI> of <HI>per&s;ua&s;ion;</HI> for naturally in mo&s;t things of <HI>this</HI> nature we mo&s;tly <HI>fix</HI> our <HI>ears</HI> on that which is <HI>gal|lante&s;t;</HI> hence are we drawn from the <HI>Argu|mentative</HI> part to a <HI>&s;miting phanta&s;ie,</HI> where|by the other is both <HI>hid</HI> and <HI>enlightned.</HI> Nor is it <HI>improbable</HI> that we &s;hould find this <HI>effect;</HI> for <HI>two</HI> things <HI>joining</HI> forces, the <HI>greater</HI> u&s;urps to it &s;elf the <HI>force</HI> of the <HI>le&s;&s;er.</HI> Now for <HI>height</HI> of <HI>conception, bravery</HI> of <HI>Thought, Imitation, Phanta&s;ie,</HI> and what <HI>con|cerns</HI> them, we think what we <HI>have</HI> &s;aid may well <HI>&s;uffice.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="14" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 14.</HEAD>
<P>Since we therefore have <HI>a&s;&s;igned</HI> [Sect. 6.] a proper place to <HI>figures,</HI> I am to tell you that if they be <HI>choicely</HI> and <HI>regularly</HI> in&s;erted, they are not incon&s;iderable <HI>advancements</HI> to <HI>Height.</HI> But &s;ince to <HI>handle</HI> them <HI>all</HI> at pre&s;ent would be a <HI>tedious</HI> work, or, to &s;ay better, <HI>impo&s;&s;ible,</HI> we will ony <HI>pitch</HI> upon a <HI>few</HI> of &s;uch as conduce to the <HI>perfection</HI> of <HI>Height,</HI> and <HI>a&s;&s;ertion</HI> of what we have <HI>pro|po&s;ed. Demo&s;thenes</HI> remon&s;trates concer|ning the management of the <HI>Common|wealth:</HI> but what was the naturall <HI>u&s;e</HI> or <HI>end</HI> thereof? <HI>You were not deceived</HI> (Athe|nians) <HI>when you undertook to protect the Li|berty
<PB N="XXXVII" REF="34">
of Greece, though with your own hazard' nor want ye examples of this at home, nor did they ami&s;&s;e that engaged at</HI> Marathon, <HI>nor tho&s;e at</HI> Salamis, <HI>nor tho&s;e at</HI> Plataeae. But then as though he had been <HI>&s;uddenly ravi&s;hed</HI> with divine <HI>afflation,</HI> and <HI>&s;truck</HI> into a <HI>Tran|&s;port,</HI> he &s;wears by the <HI>gallant</HI> men of <HI>Greece; By all tho&s;e</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>that were in danger at</HI> Marathon. Now by this <HI>figurate oath</HI> (which we will here call an <HI>Apo&s;tro|phe</HI>) does he intimate the <HI>deification</HI> of his <HI>Ance&s;tors,</HI> calling them though <HI>dead</HI> to <HI>wit|ne&s;&s;e,</HI> to whom as <HI>Gods</HI> we ought to <HI>appeal.</HI> Now he recalling <HI>this</HI> action into the <HI>me|mory</HI> of his <HI>Hearers,</HI> and rai&s;ing up his <HI>demon|&s;tration</HI> to &s;uch a <HI>tran&s;cendencie</HI> and <HI>vigour,</HI> and confirming it with <HI>new</HI> and <HI>venerable oaths,</HI> then giving <HI>lenitives</HI> and <HI>cordials</HI> to their &s;pirits, &s;o <HI>enflames</HI> them with <HI>prai&s;es</HI> that they cannot <HI>imagine</HI> or <HI>expect</HI> any thing le&s;&s;e from the <HI>fight</HI> with <HI>Philip</HI> then <HI>victories</HI> as &s;ignall as tho&s;e of <HI>Marathon</HI> and <HI>Salamis:</HI> and yet they &s;ay he had the <HI>&s;eed</HI> or <HI>hint</HI> of this from <HI>Eupolis</HI> [the <HI>Comedian]</HI>
<Q><L>Now by my victory at <HI>Marathon</HI></L>
<L><HI>Their</HI> merriment &s;hall cau&s;e no <HI>grief</HI> in me.</L></Q>
Now to &s;wear <HI>commonly</HI> or upon no occa&s;i|on is <HI>little worth,</HI> but <HI>where, how,</HI> upon what <HI>occa&s;ions,</HI> and for what <HI>ends</HI> [make the <HI>Height:]</HI> &s;o that here [in <HI>Eupolis's</HI> ver&s;es] there is nothing but a <HI>meer</HI> oath, and that
<PB N="XXXVIII" REF="35">
to the <HI>Athenians</HI> flouri&s;hing and not need|ing <HI>con&s;olation,</HI> nor doth this <HI>hath</HI> imply the <HI>death</HI> of the men he &s;wears by, that by the <HI>vertues</HI> of &s;uch men he might <HI>in&s;tall</HI> &s;ome <HI>concernment</HI> into the minds of his hearers; but in &s;tead of in&s;inuating of <HI>dangers</HI> makes only a <HI>dull</HI> mention of a <HI>victory.</HI> But in <HI>De|mo&s;thenes</HI> the oath wholly <HI>levels</HI> at them that were <HI>overcome,</HI> that &s;o the bu&s;ine&s;&s;e of <HI>Cheronaea</HI> might be no longer accounted a great <HI>misfortune</HI> to the <HI>Athenians:</HI> So that here at <HI>once</HI> (as I &s;aid before) he not only <HI>evinces</HI> their war no <HI>errour,</HI> but brings a <HI>pre&s;ident,</HI> the a&s;&s;urance of <HI>oath, collaudation</HI> and <HI>in&s;tigation.</HI> But &s;ome may object to the Oratour and &s;ay, <HI>You</HI> that are a <HI>publick</HI> Mini&s;ter and mentioning a <HI>defeat</HI> &s;wear by a <HI>victory. [An&s;w.]</HI> For this cau&s;e he <HI>weighs</HI> his words, and that he may with more <HI>&s;afety</HI> utter them, he wi&s;ely <HI>re&s;trains</HI> them: (teaching us, that in the greate&s;t <HI>debt che|ries</HI> there mu&s;t be &s;ome <HI>&s;obriety</HI>) He &s;ayes his were in <HI>danger</HI> at <HI>Marathon,</HI> he &s;ayes they had a <HI>Sea-fight</HI> at <HI>Salamis,</HI> he &s;ayes they were <GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 word"> at <HI>Plataeae,</HI> not that they <HI>overcame,</HI> but &s;till he forbears any mention of the <HI>event,</HI> becau&s;e it was <HI>fortunate</HI> and quite contrary to that of <HI>Cheronaea.</HI> Where|fore &s;uddenly <HI>&s;urprizing</HI> his hearer, he addes, <HI>All the&s;e (Ae&s;chines) the City buried at the publick charge, not only tho&s;e that retur|ned victorious.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="15" TYPE="section">
<PB N="XXXIX" REF="35">
<HEAD>&sect;. 15.</HEAD>
<P>Now it will be <HI>worth</HI> our labour (friend) not to omit one thing which hath faln into my <HI>con&s;ideration,</HI> and <HI>this</HI> in a word it is; That <HI>Figures</HI> are very good <HI>&s;ervants</HI> to <HI>Height,</HI> and <HI>Height</HI> a very noble <HI>ma&s;ter</HI> to <HI>Figures:</HI> But <HI>how</HI> and on what <HI>occa&s;ion</HI> I will now &s;et down. It occa&s;ions <HI>&s;u&s;picion</HI> to <HI>infect</HI> the u&s;e of <HI>&s;ingle</HI> figures, and rai&s;es a <HI>jealou&s;ie</HI> le&s;t we intend either <HI>&s;ur|pri&s;e, deceit, or fallacies,</HI> but e&s;pecially if we addre&s;&s;e to a <HI>Iudge</HI> that hath full <HI>power</HI> in his hands; much more to a <HI>Tyrant, King,</HI> or <HI>Generall into,</HI> for they <HI>&s;tomack,</HI> pre&s;ently if you endeavour to <HI>catch</HI> them like <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">chool-voyes,</HI> with un<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="2 letters">bratil <HI>Pedanteries</HI> of Rheto|rick, and <HI>interpreting</HI> &s;uch <HI>little</HI> Sophi&s;try to be brought in contempt of them, <HI>di&s;gu&s;t</HI> the whole, &s;o that though <HI>courted</HI> with all the <HI>blan<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;hments</HI> and <HI>graces</HI> of &s;peech, yet will they never be <HI>per&s;uaded.</HI> This then is the excellency of a <HI>Scheme,</HI> that it be <GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 span"> all  yet <HI>undi&s;cerned:</HI> therefore <HI>Height</HI> and <HI>adorned Pa&s;sion</HI> are the mo&s;t <HI>&s;afe di&s;|gui&s;es</HI> and <HI>&s;overaign Remedies</HI> for &s;uch a &s;u&s;picion; &s;o that if a man can <HI>cunningly</HI> throw them into &s;uch a <HI>po&s;ture</HI> as that they are <HI>over&s;hadowed</HI> with <HI>Grandezza's</HI> and <HI>beauties,</HI> he avoids all &s;u&s;picion. We need
<PB N="XL" REF="36">
no better in&s;tance then that we had even now, <HI>by tho&s;e at</HI> Marathon. But where|in here hath the Oratour <HI>concealed</HI> his <HI>Fi|gure? [An&s;w.]</HI> 'Tis as clear as <HI>light;</HI> for &s;ee how like as a &s;mall <HI>gleam approacht</HI> by the <HI>Sun</HI> in its full lu&s;tre pre&s;ently <HI>di&s;appears;</HI> &s;o the <HI>Sophi&s;try</HI> of Rhetorick is wholly <HI>over&s;hadowed,</HI> being &s;o <HI>circumfu&s;ed</HI> and <HI>co|vered</HI> by <HI>Height.</HI> Not <HI>unlike</HI> this is an ob|&s;ervation we find in <HI>picture;</HI> for after that Lines are drawn upon a <HI>plain</HI> and colours <HI>laid on</HI> and <HI>&s;hadowed</HI> and <HI>enlivened,</HI> this &s;et In the light projects a <HI>plea&s;ant</HI> brightne&s;&s;e, which is &s;o much the more <HI>vi&s;ible</HI> by how much you nearer <HI>approach</HI> it: even &s;o <HI>Heights</HI> and <HI>Pa&s;sions</HI> of &s;peech <HI>neighbour|ing</HI> to our &s;ouls, as <HI>knit</HI> thereunto by a &s;traight <HI>allyance, out-&s;hine</HI> the figures, and <HI>only</HI> &s;tand in <HI>&s;ight, over&s;hadowing</HI> their <HI>Art</HI> and <HI>clouding</HI> it in ob&s;curity.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="16" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 16.</HEAD>
<P>What &s;hall we then &s;ay of <HI>Que&s;tions</HI> and <HI>Interrogations?</HI> does not any Oration be|come much more <HI>inten&s;e</HI> and <HI>forcible</HI> by <HI>&s;haping</HI> and <HI>molding</HI> figures in this form? <HI>Whether will you, I pray you tell me, meeting one another, Ask what news? Can there be any greater then to bear that a man of</HI> Macedonia <HI>&s;hould orecome the</HI> Athenians <HI>and rule in</HI>
<PB N="XLI" REF="36">
Greece? <HI>What is Philip dead? No indeed is he not, but he is &s;ick: but I pray you what will you gain by it? for &s;hould he dye never &s;o &s;oon, you your &s;elves would make another</HI> Phi|lip. And again he &s;ayes; <HI>Let's &s;ail into</HI> Macedonia. <HI>But where &s;hall we land asks another? War it &s;elf will find out the weak|ne&s;&s;es occa&s;ioned by the badne&s;&s;e of</HI> Philips <HI>actions.</HI> Now if he had <HI>&s;imply</HI> propounded the bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, it had been <HI>inferiour</HI> and <HI>in|&s;ufficient</HI> for its end. Now the <HI>&s;uddenne&s;&s;e</HI> and &s;wift <HI>pro&s;ecution</HI> of <HI>Interrogations</HI> and an&s;wering of <HI>Objections,</HI> is not only a means of <HI>heightning</HI> the <HI>&s;hape</HI> of an <HI>Oration,</HI> but of rendring it more <HI>probable.</HI> For the <HI>intervention</HI> of &s;ome <HI>hinderances</HI> then draw the Hearer more <HI>forcibly</HI> on, when it &s;eems that they are not <HI>rai&s;ed</HI> by [the Orator] him|&s;elf, but <HI>brought</HI> forth by <HI>occa&s;ion.</HI> For <HI>en|quiries</HI> to a mans <HI>&s;elf</HI> and <HI>&s;udden</HI> re&s;olving of them &s;eem to afford a ju&s;t <HI>opportunity</HI> of vehemencie. For as if we be <HI>asked</HI> any que&s;tion by others, we are <HI>obliged</HI> to make a <HI>pre&s;ent</HI> return, and &s;uch &s;atisfaction as may <HI>clear</HI> it out of the <HI>truth</HI> it <HI>&s;elf;</HI> &s;o the figure of <HI>Que&s;tion</HI> and <HI>Interrogation</HI> makes things that were <HI>premeditated</HI> to &s;eem to be <HI>thought</HI> and <HI>&s;aid</HI> on the &s;udden, and &s;o <HI>be|guile</HI> and <HI>&s;educe</HI> the Hearer. And therefore (if there can be any thing <HI>higher</HI> then this of <HI>Herodotus</HI>) &s;uppo&s;e thus.</P>
<PB N="XLII" REF="37">
<P>How &s;ingly things <HI>fall</HI> and are in a man|ner <HI>powred</HI> forth, <HI>preventing</HI> in a manner the very Hearer! And <HI>joining &s;hields together</HI> (&s;ayes Xenophon) <HI>they pu&s;ht, they fought, they &s;lew, they dyed.</HI> And that of <HI>Eury|lochus,</HI>
<Q><L>We &s;earch'd the woods (Sir) following your commands,</L>
<L>Where in the vales <HI>Circe's</HI> proud Palace &s;tands.</L></Q>
The&s;e words thus <HI>di&s;located</HI> yet <HI>&s;peeded,</HI> &s;hew a great deal of <HI>greif</HI> yet both <HI>pre|vailing</HI> and <HI>moderated.</HI> Yet this did the Poet by u&s;ing by <HI>&s;yndeta's</HI> [or words not <HI>chaind</HI> by <HI>Anas.]</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="17" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 17.</HEAD>
<P>Be&s;ides all this a <HI>conflux,</HI> of <HI>Schemes</HI> pre|vails not a little, that is when <HI>two</HI> or <HI>three</HI> joined in an <HI>a&s;&s;ociation,</HI> lend <HI>vigour, pre|vale&s;cence,</HI> and <HI>ornament</HI> to one another: &s;uch are tho&s;e <HI>A&s;yndeta's</HI> again&s;t <HI>Midias twi&s;ted</HI> together with <HI>Anaphora's</HI> [or Repe|titions] and a Diatypo&s;is [or de&s;cription]
<PB N="XLIII" REF="37">
<HI>He that beat</HI> [him] <HI>did many outrages, which he that was beaten could &s;carce tell to another by ge&s;ture, eyes, &s;peech.</HI> Therefore lea&s;t the &s;peech might <HI>relap&s;e</HI> into the <HI>&s;ame</HI> things, (for in <HI>orderly</HI> &s;peeches all things mu&s;t be <HI>quiet</HI> and <HI>&s;erene;</HI> in <HI>di&s;orderly, pa&s;si|onate,</HI> and proceeding from <HI>t<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">ible</HI> and <HI>com|motion</HI> of &s;oul) he pre&s;ently leaps into other <HI>A&s;yndeta's</HI> and <HI>Epanaphora's, when as in&s;ulting, when as an enemy, &s;ometimes with his fi&s;t, &s;ome|times upon the face.</HI> Now the Oratour by all this endeavours as if he <HI>him&s;elf</HI> had bea|ten his <HI>Client,</HI> to work upon the minds of the <HI>Iudges,</HI> by a continuall <HI>addition</HI> of new <HI>cir|cum&s;tances:</HI> then again like a <HI>whirlwind</HI> making a <HI>new</HI> a&s;&s;ault; <HI>The&s;e things move, the&s;e things enrage men unaccu&s;tomed to put up injuries; Whoever relates this can hardly tell how bainous a matter it is.</HI> So he &s;till makes u&s;e of new <HI>Epanaphora's</HI> and <HI>A&s;ynde|ta's,</HI> yet is always <HI>counterchanging</HI> them &s;o that his very <HI>order</HI> &s;eems to be <HI>di&s;orderly</HI> and his <HI>di&s;orders</HI> are <HI>rang'd</HI> into a certain kind of <HI>order.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="18" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 18.</HEAD>
<P>Now to con&s;ider of <HI>Conjunctions</HI> which [being contrary to <HI>A&s;yndeta's]</HI> the fol|lowers of <HI>I&s;ocrates</HI> affect, we mu&s;t not pa&s;&s;e over this; He that <HI>beat him did many
<PB N="XLIV" REF="38">
outrages, fir&s;t by his ge&s;ture, &s;econdly by his looks, and thirdly, even with his voice.</HI> Now you mu&s;t know that this <HI>urged</HI> in the <HI>latter</HI> manner neither <HI>urges</HI> nor <HI>exa&s;perates,</HI> but being <HI>&s;lackened</HI> and <HI>disjointed</HI> by <HI>conjun|ctions</HI> falls into an harmle&s;&s;e <HI>&s;moothne&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>extingui&s;hes</HI> it &s;elf: as if you &s;hould <HI>ty</HI> two together that were running a <HI>race,</HI> you hinder the <HI>&s;peed</HI> of <HI>both;</HI> &s;o pa&s;&s;ions <HI>ma|nacled</HI> by <HI>conjunctions</HI> and other <HI>hinderances</HI> are <HI>&s;mothered</HI> and <HI>&s;tifled</HI> for they <HI>deprive</HI> them of their <HI>liberty</HI> and <HI>force,</HI> which is &s;uch as if it were <HI>&s;hot</HI> from an <HI>Engine.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="19" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 19.</HEAD>
<P>Vnder this Idea mu&s;t we place <HI>Hyperba|ta's,</HI> which is a <HI>troubled</HI> and <HI>di&s;orderly</HI> pla|cing either of <HI>words</HI> or <HI>notions,</HI> and indeed the true&s;t <HI>character</HI> of a <HI>&s;trugling</HI> and <HI>conten|ding</HI> pa&s;&s;ion; as tho&s;e who are really <HI>an|gred</HI> or <HI>afraid</HI> or <HI>provoked,</HI> or po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with <HI>jealou&s;ie,</HI> or any other <HI>pa&s;sion,</HI> (for they are <HI>innumerable,</HI> and 'tis only not <HI>impo&s;sible</HI> to reckon them <HI>all</HI>) falling from their fir&s;t thoughts <HI>&s;traggle</HI> into others, and &s;peak things clean <HI>different,</HI> interrupting the <HI>&s;eries</HI> of the di&s;cour&s;e with &s;ome <HI>new</HI> and <HI>improper</HI> things, yet at la&s;t <HI>winding</HI> into what they had formerly <HI>propos'd:</HI> And this through <HI>vexation</HI> of mind, being drawn <HI>a&s;ide</HI> and
<PB N="XLV" REF="38">
<HI>to&s;s'd</HI> up and down by a <HI>giddy</HI> and <HI>unruly</HI> &s;pirit, <HI>di&s;ordering</HI> and <HI>entangling</HI> both their words and notions a thou&s;and wayes <HI>con|trary</HI> to the <HI>conduct</HI> and order of <HI>rea&s;on.</HI> So even the mo&s;t excellent <HI>writers</HI> have taken occa&s;ion to <HI>imitate</HI> this work of <HI>nature,</HI> and that by <HI>Hyperbata's:</HI> for then doth <HI>Art</HI> ap|pear <HI>perfect,</HI> when &s;he can &s;carce be <HI>di&s;tin|gui&s;hed</HI> from <HI>nature</HI> it &s;elf; and again <HI>na|ture</HI> is ever happy, becau&s;e &s;he alwayes carries a <HI>hidden Art</HI> in her own <HI>bo&s;ome.</HI> Such as this was <HI>Diony&s;ius Phocen&s;is; Into this pitch of extremity are our affairs fallen, O men of</HI> Ionia, <HI>that we mu&s;t either be free, or &s;laves, or in a manner fugitives. Now if you have a mind to avoid the&s;e en&s;uing cala|mities, you mu&s;t pre&s;ently employ your &s;elves in labour and hard&s;hip, for &s;o having overcome your enemies you will be free men.</HI> Now if he had &s;aid this in order, he &s;hould have &s;aid; <HI>Men of</HI> Ionia, <HI>'Tis now time for you to undergo labour, for your affairs are in a pitch of extremity:</HI> But he tran&s;pos'd <HI>Men. of Ionia</HI> to another place, and then menti|ons them when he had <HI>hinted</HI> his <HI>fears,</HI> lea&s;t in the beginning he might have called the hearers to have <HI>learned</HI> their danger; and after this he wholly <HI>inverts</HI> the order of his <HI>conception,</HI> for before he tells them that they were to <HI>undergoe labour</HI> which was his bu|&s;ine&s;&s;e to <HI>per&s;uade</HI> them to, he <HI>fir&s;t</HI> gives a
<PB N="XLVI" REF="39">
rea&s;on why they ought to <HI>undergo</HI> it; <HI>for,</HI> &s;ayes he, <HI>our affairs are in a pitch of extre|mity;</HI> &s;o that he does not &s;eem to &s;peak things <HI>fore-thought,</HI> but <HI>ari&s;ing</HI> from the <HI>occa&s;ion.</HI> But be&s;ides this <HI>Thucydides</HI> is e&s;pe|cially skilfull in the <HI>&s;evering, dividing,</HI> and <HI>tran&s;po&s;ing</HI> things of one <HI>nature</HI> and in a manner <HI>in&s;eperable.</HI> But <HI>Demo&s;thenes adven|tu<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">os</HI> not &s;o far in <HI>this</HI> ca&s;e as <HI>Thucydides,</HI> who mo&s;t frequently u&s;es this <HI>figure</HI> of any other, conceiving it &s;hould &s;eem both <HI>vehe|mency,</HI> and (if you will) <HI>extemporary</HI> ex|pre&s;&s;ion very much <HI>furthered</HI> by the&s;e <HI>t<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">a<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">e|ctions.</HI> Hence is it that he not &s;eldome brings his <HI>Auditors</HI> into very great <HI>danger</HI> of long <HI>Hyperbata's</HI> (by oftentimes <HI>for&s;aking</HI> the matter he had in <HI>hand,</HI> and inducing <HI>forein</HI> things <HI>one</HI> upon <HI>another,</HI> as though it were his <HI>order</HI> for to <HI>hedge</HI> in things <HI>&s;trange</HI> and <HI>incon&s;i&s;tent,</HI> ho ca&s;ts the Auditour into a <HI>fear</HI> lea&s;t the whole Oration <HI>fall</HI> to <HI>pieces</HI> and &s;o <HI>enforces</HI> him by his attention, equal|ly to <HI>rove</HI> and <HI>wander</HI> with <HI>him&s;elf;</HI>) yet <HI>unexpectedly</HI> after a long time he hand&s;ome|ly <HI>returns</HI> to his <HI>fir&s;t point</HI> and <HI>fini&s;hes</HI> it; with the&s;e <HI>adventures</HI> and <HI>excur&s;ions,</HI> leaving the Hearer in much more <HI>a&s;toni&s;hment.</HI> But I forbear <HI>examples</HI> becau&s;e they are &s;o nu|merous [in him.]</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="19" TYPE="section">
<PB N="XLVII" REF="39">
<HEAD>&sect;. 19.</HEAD>
<P>Now for tho&s;e that are called <HI>Poly<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="2 letters">ota</HI> [or of many ca&s;es] <HI>collections, interchanges, gradations,</HI> they are large &s;upplyes of <HI>cou|rage</HI> and <HI>bravery,</HI> and wholly, <HI>cooperate</HI> to <HI>ornament</HI> all kind of <HI>Height</HI> and <HI>Pa&s;sion.</HI> But what can the changes of Ca&s;es, Times, Per&s;ons, <HI>numbers,</HI> and <HI>gen<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">ers</HI> do? How do they <HI>diver&s;ifie</HI> and <HI>work</HI> up Eloquence? I affirm as concerning <HI>numbers,</HI> that <HI>the&s;e</HI> not only adorn that have a <HI>&s;ingular termi|nation,</HI> yet after con&s;ideration are found to have the <HI>power</HI> and <HI>nature</HI> of <HI>plurals; Pre|&s;ently</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>a multitude of people ru&s;h'd towards the &s;hore and dividing it &s;elf made a &s;hout;</HI> But <HI>tho&s;e</HI> are <HI>more worthy</HI> ob&s;erva|tion when <HI>grand Plurals</HI> fall in <HI>together</HI> and <HI>triumph</HI> in their own <HI>multitude</HI> and <HI>number,</HI> &s;uch as are <HI>the&s;e</HI> of <HI>Sophocles</HI> concerning <HI>Oedipus;</HI>
<Q><L>O <HI>marriages,</HI> O <HI>marriages,</HI></L>
<L>From <HI>you</HI> I &s;prung, and being &s;prung re|turn'd</L>
<L>To whence <HI>you</HI> brought me, in me you have &s;hew'd</L>
<L><HI>Fathers</HI> and <HI>Brothers, children</HI> and <HI>affi|nitie,</HI></L>
<L><HI>Brides, Wifes,</HI> and <HI>Mothers,</HI> and what|ever el&s;e</L>
<L>Mankind knows horrid and dete&s;table.</L></Q>
<PB N="XLVIII" REF="40">
All the&s;e are but <HI>one</HI> name <HI>Oedipus,</HI> and on the other part <HI>Ioca&s;ta,</HI> &s;o that the number being &s;pread into the plurall <HI>multiply'd</HI> his misfortunes. The like dilatation is in this,
<Q>The <HI>Hectors</HI> and <HI>Sarpedons</HI> i&s;&s;ued out.</Q>
And <HI>that</HI> of <HI>Plato</HI> which we quoted in <HI>ano|ther</HI> place when we &s;poke of the <HI>Athenians; Neither the Pelops's, nor the Cadmus's, nor the Aegyptus's, nor the Danaus's, nor any of the barbarous Nations dwell with us, but only Grecians, we have not the lea&s;t commerce with Barbari&s;m, &amp;c.</HI> For naturally when words are &s;o <HI>heal<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">'d</HI> and <HI>ama&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">'<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> together, we ea&s;ily imagine the <HI>things</HI> they repre&s;ent far more <HI>great</HI> and <HI>magnificent.</HI> But this mu&s;t <HI>not</HI> be done in <HI>all</HI> ca&s;es, but only in &s;uch where the <HI>&s;ubject matter</HI> is capable of <HI>Aggrandi|zation, plenty, exce&s;&s;e,</HI> or <HI>pa&s;sion,</HI> or <HI>one</HI> of the&s;e or <HI>all</HI> of them; therefore to be al|wayes <HI>tinckling</HI> of <HI>Cymbals,</HI> is mi&s;erably <HI>Sophi&s;ticall.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="21" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 21.</HEAD>
<P>On the <HI>other</HI> &s;ide, tho&s;e that are <HI>plurals</HI> yet <HI>&s;umm'd</HI> up into <HI>&s;ingulars</HI> carry in them a great deal of <HI>Height: After that all</HI> Pelo|ponne&s;us <HI>was rent into factions, Phry|nichus</HI> acting a play of the taking of <HI>Mile|tus,</HI> the &s;pectators fell all a <HI>weeping.</HI> For the <HI>reduction</HI> of <HI>different</HI> things into a <HI>&s;ingle</HI>
<PB N="XLIX" REF="40">
number carries with it a <HI>bigne&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>cor|pulency.</HI> Now the rea&s;on why either of them conduces &s;o much to <HI>ornament,</HI> I con|ceive to be this; for when there are many <HI>&s;ingulars,</HI> to make them <HI>unexpectedly plurals,</HI> &s;hews a mind <HI>&s;ettled</HI> and <HI>compo&s;'d;</HI> but if they be <HI>plurals,</HI> and many of them <HI>gather'd</HI> into a right <HI>&s;ound</HI> by <HI>&s;udden changes</HI> of the things into their <HI>Contraries</HI> * * *</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="22" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 22.</HEAD>
<P>Now [for Times] if you bring in things as <HI>now</HI> in action and <HI>pre&s;ent,</HI> you will make your &s;peech no <HI>narration,</HI> but a <HI>repre&s;enta|tion</HI> of a thing in <HI>being. A man,</HI> &s;ayes Xe|nophon, <HI>falling under the hor&s;e of</HI> Cyrus, <HI>is trod upon, he thru&s;ts his &s;word into the hor&s;es belly,</HI> Cyrus <HI>falls.</HI> This is very frequent with <HI>Thucydides.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="23" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 23.</HEAD>
<P>Of equall <HI>efficacy</HI> to this is the change of <HI>per&s;ons,</HI> whereby oftentimes the hearer thinks <HI>him&s;elf engag'd</HI> in the mid&s;t of danger;
<Q><L>You'ld &s;ay <HI>unwearied</HI> and <HI>untam'd</HI> they were,</L>
<L>They fought &s;o <HI>fiercely</HI> and with &s;uch carreer.</L></Q>
<PB N="L" REF="41">
And <HI>Aratus;</HI>
<Q>In that month do not tru&s;t thy &s;elf to Sea.</Q>
And the like <HI>Herodotus; He going from the Elephantine City, [and after] Pa&s;sing the Country, and again taking &s;hip, thou wilt be twelve days at Sea, and afterwards arrive at a great City called</HI> Meroe. See now friend, as if he had the guidance of thy &s;oul, he leads it through regions, making a report in a manner vi&s;ible. Now all the&s;e pa&s;&s;a|ges apply'd to the things them&s;elves <HI>arre&s;t</HI> and <HI>fa&s;ten</HI> the Auditour: The like it is to make a &s;hew not to &s;peak to all but one per&s;on:
<Q><L>&mdash;you, could &s;carce divine</L>
<L>To whether <HI>Diomed</HI> did mo&s;t <HI>incline.</HI></L></Q>
For certainly a man is more <HI>mov'd</HI> and made more <HI>attentive</HI> and <HI>intere&s;ted,</HI> when he is <HI>awak'd</HI> with &s;uch &s;peeches as directed to <HI>him.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="24" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 24.</HEAD>
<P>VVithall it <HI>often</HI> happens that an Au|thor making a narration in <HI>another</HI> per&s;on, &s;uddenly <HI>for&s;akes that</HI> and a&s;&s;umes his <HI>own;</HI> for this <HI>&s;cheme</HI> is a grand <HI>enforcement</HI> of pa&s;&s;ion:
<Q><L><HI>Hector</HI> withall his voice bid th' <HI>Trojans</HI> dare</L>
<L>T'attempt the &s;hips as &s;poils of bloody war.</L>
<L><PB N="LI" REF="41">Whom <HI>I</HI> at di&s;tance from their &s;hips e&s;py,</L>
<L><HI>That</HI> mans <HI>death</HI> I re&s;olve&mdash;</L></Q>
The narration (as well became him) the <HI>Poet</HI> a&s;&s;um'd to <HI>him&s;elf,</HI> yet he before all <HI>expectation,</HI> in&s;erted that <HI>precipitous</HI> threat of the Generall. For alas! the Speech had <HI>fainted</HI> had he &s;aid, Hector <HI>&s;ai<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter"> the&s;e things,</HI> or <HI>to this purpo&s;e;</HI> when as now the <HI>&s;wiftne&s;&s;e</HI> of the tran&s;lation of his &s;peech prevents him in <HI>all</HI> his ha&s;te. And there|fore the <HI>opportune&s;t</HI> u&s;e of the <HI>figure</HI> is in the very <HI>nick</HI> of time when the writer cannot <HI>&s;tay,</HI> but is enforc'd upon the in&s;tant to <HI>change per&s;on</HI> for <HI>per&s;on;</HI> as this of <HI>Heca|taeus: The Amba&s;&s;adour thinking the&s;e propo|&s;itions very har&s;h, commanded all the family of the</HI> Hearaclidae, <HI>to depart, for it is not in my power to help you, for if I peri&s;h you peri&s;h; indeed you may bani&s;h me and force me into another Country.</HI> But <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> by <HI>ano|ther</HI> way, and with greater <HI>variety</HI> and nimble <HI>turning</HI> repre&s;ented this in <HI>Ari&s;togi|ton. None of you,</HI> &s;ayes the [Demo&s;the|nes] <HI>will be found unprejudic'd or unoffen|ded in tho&s;e things wherein this dete&s;table and &s;hamele&s;&s;e man hath violated the Laws; who (O thou wickede&s;t of mankind) debarr'd of thy accu&s;tom'd petulancy, neither by grates nor by doores, which notwith&s;tanding &s;ome may open,</HI> &mdash;changing you &s;ee in an <HI>imperfect</HI> &s;entence (through <HI>choler</HI>) and in a manner
<PB N="LII" REF="42">
by <HI>one</HI> word, his &s;peech into two <HI>per&s;ons; who (O thou wickede&s;t of men</HI>) turning at <HI>one time</HI> his &s;peech to <HI>Ari&s;toglton,</HI> and <HI>&s;eem|ing</HI> to <HI>fall off;</HI> yet by <HI>this</HI> pa&s;&s;ion he much <HI>prevail'd.</HI> Nor otherwi&s;e <HI>Penelope:</HI>
<Q><L>Herald, did the&s;e <HI>proud</HI> &s;uitors &s;end thee here.</L>
<L>To bid the <HI>Great Uly&s;&s;es</HI> maids forbear</L>
<L>Their u&s;uall tasks, and fea&s;ts for <HI>them</HI> prepare?</L>
<L>Suitors and tho&s;e that of acquaintance are</L>
<L>Mu&s;t not expect to fea&s;t here any more.</L>
<L><HI>You</HI> who&s;e perpetuall re&s;orts devour</L>
<L>The wi&s;e <HI>Telemachus</HI> goods, did you not hear</L>
<L>Your fathers (you being children yet) de|clare</L>
<L>What brave <HI>Uly&s;&s;es</HI> was&mdash;</L></Q></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="25" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 25.</HEAD>
<P>Now for <HI>Periphra&s;es</HI> [or circumlocutions] I think none doubts but that they very much <HI>elevate Speech.</HI> As in Mu&s;ick from di&s;cords there re&s;ults the &s;weete&s;t harmony: &s;o a periphra&s;is very often <HI>winds up</HI> it &s;elf in its own <HI>expatiation,</HI> and mo&s;t commonly <HI>tunes</HI> up it &s;elf into an <HI>agreeable</HI> &s;weetne&s;&s;e, e&s;pecially if it hath nothing in it <HI>blown up</HI> or <HI>incon&s;i&s;tent,</HI> but all proportionably <HI>tem|pered</HI> together. I cannot cite a better wit|ne&s;&s;e
<PB N="LIII" REF="42">
then <HI>Plato</HI> in the very beginning of a funerall Oration: <HI>And indeed we pay the&s;e Ob&s;equies unto them as the la&s;t duties they can receive now they are upon that journey which Fate hath preordain'd them, di&s;mi&s;&s;'d both by the publick honours of the City, and private offices of friends.</HI> Here he calls death a <HI>pre|ordain'd journey,</HI> and the buriall by the pub|lick charge a <HI>pompous di&s;mi&s;sion by their own Country.</HI> Now by this means he either gently <HI>&s;well'd</HI> up his conceit, or el&s;e &s;o <HI>di&s;|po&s;'d bare</HI> words by this Periphra&s;is, that he <HI>wound</HI> them up into <HI>concord</HI> and <HI>melody.</HI> And <HI>Xenophon: Believe that labour is the true&s;t Patron of a happy life; and you are now po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;'d of the brave&s;t endowment and fitte&s;t for a Warriour, that above all things you are de|lighted with prai&s;e:</HI> for in &s;tead of &s;aying you mu&s;t labour, he &s;ayes, <HI>Believe it the true&s;t Patron of a happy life,</HI> and &s;o <HI>enlarg|ing</HI> him&s;elf in the <HI>re&s;t,</HI> addes a huge <HI>notion</HI> unto his <HI>prai&s;es.</HI> And truly that of <HI>Hero|dotus</HI> is imitable: <HI>The Godde&s;&s;e</HI> [Venus] <HI>puni&s;h'd tho&s;e</HI> Scythians <HI>that &s;poil'd her Tem|ple with the feminine di&s;ea&s;e.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="26" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 26.</HEAD>
<P>But above any of the re&s;t a Periphra&s;is mu&s;t <HI>choicely</HI> and <HI>opportunely</HI> be made <HI>u&s;e</HI> of, and without immoderation, for &s;o it grows
<PB N="LIV" REF="43">
<HI>remi&s;&s;e, faints,</HI> and pitifully <HI>puffs</HI> up it &s;elf into <HI>light</HI> and <HI>empty</HI> obe&s;itie. Hence is it that <HI>Plato</HI> (who very excellently makes u&s;e of <HI>figures,</HI> though &s;ometimes <HI>un&s;ea&s;onably</HI>) hath incurr'd <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">en&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">re</HI> and <HI>laughter</HI> for &s;ay|ing thus in his book of <HI>Lawes: They mu&s;t neither &s;uffer &s;ilver riches, nor golden riches to take place in the City and dwell there.</HI> For, &s;ay they, if he had forbid the keeping of <HI>cattle,</HI> he mu&s;t at that rate have call'd it <HI>Oxe-wealth,</HI> or <HI>Sheep-wealth.</HI> And now (my deare&s;t <HI>Terentianus</HI>) I think we have &s;ufficiently <HI>in&s;i&s;ted</HI> upon tho&s;e <HI>figures</HI> which promote <HI>Height,</HI> and declar'd their <HI>u&s;e,</HI> how all of them <HI>in&s;pire</HI> an oration with <HI>life</HI> and <HI>vehemence;</HI> for <HI>Pa&s;sion</HI> partakes &s;o much of <HI>Height,</HI> as <HI>Height</HI> of <HI>Delectation.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="27" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 27.</HEAD>
<P>Now &s;ince in an Oration both the <HI>con|cepcion</HI> and <HI>phra&s;e</HI> receive <HI>&s;pirit</HI> and <HI>lu&s;tre</HI> from one another, let us be&s;tow our con|&s;ideration about that part of <HI>phra&s;e,</HI> if there be any thing <HI>remaining</HI> to be &s;aid in it. That the election therefore of <HI>big</HI> and <HI>mag|nificent</HI> words &s;trangely <HI>&s;troaks</HI> and <HI>wins</HI> the Hearers and &s;upplyes all Oratours and other Writers aiming at <HI>Height,</HI> not only with <HI>Maje&s;ty,</HI> but <HI>beauty, clearne&s;&s;e, weight, &s;trength, prevale&s;cence,</HI> and what ever el&s;e
<PB N="LV" REF="43">
can yeeld any help thereunto, <HI>animating</HI> and <HI>poli&s;hing</HI> &s;peeches like rare <HI>Statues,</HI> and &s;triking a <HI>Morbidezza</HI> and <HI>&s;prightline&s;&s;e</HI> into them, in&s;piring the &s;ubject with a <HI>vo|call</HI> kind of <HI>&s;oul,</HI> I conceive it unnece&s;&s;ary to <HI>demon&s;trate</HI> to a man of <HI>under&s;tanding.</HI> For indeed &s;elected and <HI>flouri&s;hing</HI> words are <HI>reflexions,</HI> and (as a man may &s;ay) <HI>tran&s;parences</HI> of the mind: yet is not the <HI>&s;tate</HI> and <HI>bigne&s;&s;e</HI> in them <HI>alwayes</HI> requir'd, for to enunciate <HI>&s;light</HI> and <HI>creeping</HI> matters in terms <HI>grave</HI> and <HI>lofty,</HI> is a bu&s;ine&s;&s;e no more congruous, then to <HI>impo&s;e</HI> an high <HI>tragicall</HI> per&s;on upon an <HI>Infant:</HI> yet in Poetry</P>
<P>Yet rich and plentifull. And that of <HI>Ana|creon, The Threician [harp] &s;hall no more take up my thoughts.</HI> The like is that of <HI>Theo|pompus,</HI> very laudable, for the <HI>Analogy</HI> of it &s;eems to me very <HI>&s;ignificant,</HI> although <HI>Ce|cilius,</HI> I know not for what rea&s;on, <HI>blames</HI> it; <HI>Philip,</HI> &s;ayes he, <HI>knows now to &s;wal|low and put up any thing.</HI> For a <HI>naturall</HI> expre&s;&s;ion is many times more <HI>prevalent</HI> then <HI>ornament,</HI> as is ea&s;ily ob&s;erved out of the <HI>common cour&s;e</HI> of life; for things we are <HI>ac|cu&s;tom'd</HI> to, &s;oone&s;t gain our <HI>belief,</HI> and
<PB N="LVI" REF="44">
therefore to a man that can <HI>patiently &s;it down</HI> under things <HI>unhand&s;ome</HI> and <HI>ill-favour'd,</HI> nay be <HI>glad</HI> of them &s;o they may bring him in &s;ome profit, it is mo&s;t properly &s;aid, <HI>He can &s;wallow and put up any thing.</HI> And I pray you what <HI>think you of</HI> that of <HI>Hero|dotus,</HI> &s;aying, Cleomenes <HI>being mad cut his fle&s;h with his &s;word into &s;mall bits, till he was &s;lic'd and minc'd to death,</HI> Pythes <HI>fought &s;o long upon the deck that he was at length chopt all to pieces?</HI> The&s;e &s;eem to rule upon a <HI>plain</HI> &s;imple man, though the <HI>&s;en&s;e</HI> of them is <HI>no|thing</HI> &s;uch.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="28" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect; 28.</HEAD>
<P>Now for many <HI>metaphors</HI> [put together] <HI>Cecilius</HI> &s;eems to be of their opinion who will not allow above <HI>two</HI> or <HI>three</HI> at the mo&s;t to any <HI>one</HI> &s;entence. But we mu&s;t make <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> our <HI>rule</HI> and <HI>law</HI> in <HI>this</HI> matter. Then therefore are they fitly u&s;'d, when pa&s;&s;ions <HI>ru&s;h</HI> in like a <HI>Torrent,</HI> and forcibly drive them along in great numbers. <HI>Dete&s;table men</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>Flatterers, Furies, who have maim'd their Country, drinking and guzzling up her liberty, fir&s;t to</HI> Philip, <HI>now to</HI> Alexander, <HI>mea&s;uring</HI> [her] <HI>happine&s;&s;e by their bellies and vices, and overturning liberty and freedome from any Ma&s;ter, which were formerly the very e&s;&s;ence and bounds of the Gre|cian
<PB N="LVII" REF="44">
Felicitie.</HI> Here doth the mind of the Oratour <HI>fall</HI> in upon tho&s;e a <HI>band</HI> of <HI>Tropes.</HI> Therefore <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> and <HI>Theophra|&s;tus</HI> pre&s;cribe us &s;ome <HI>allayes</HI> for the <HI>boldne&s;s</HI> of &s;uch <HI>Tran&s;lations;</HI> as, <HI>As I may &s;ay,</HI> or, <HI>as it were,</HI> and, <HI>if I may &s;peak it in &s;uch a manner,</HI> or, <HI>if a thing &s;o daring may be &s;po|ken:</HI> for &s;uch <HI>acknowledgments le&s;&s;en</HI> the appearance of <HI>Boldne&s;&s;e.</HI> For my part, I al&s;o willingly admit them, yet &s;o as I be|lieve the number and <HI>pride</HI> of Metaphors, (as I &s;aid) the &s;ea&s;onable <HI>enamel</HI> of &s;chemes, <HI>concitated</HI> pa&s;&s;ions, and Genero&s;itie to be the &s;tronge&s;t <HI>Antidotes</HI> of <HI>Height.</HI> For by their <HI>force</HI> and <HI>Impetus,</HI> they <HI>bear down</HI> and <HI>cha&s;e</HI> all other things before them, and make the greate&s;t <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">arings</HI> of &s;peech &s;eem meerly <HI>ne|ce&s;&s;ary,</HI> not permitting the Reader to <HI>weigh</HI> their <HI>number</HI> and <HI>u&s;e,</HI> as being equally <HI>en|tranc'd</HI> with the Speaker. But in all tra|ctations of <HI>places</HI> and <HI>de&s;criptions,</HI> there is nothing &s;o &s;ignificant as <HI>numerous</HI> and <HI>con|tinued Tropes;</HI> By which means the Ana|tomy of an <HI>humane Tabernacle</HI> is pompou&s;ly <HI>de&s;crib'd</HI> by <HI>Xenophon,</HI> and much more di|vinely <HI>painted</HI> by <HI>Plato.</HI> The head of a man he called a Cittadell; and that <HI>the neck was an I&s;thmus rai&s;'d in the mid&s;t between it and the brea&s;t; That the mu&s;cles were plac'd there as hinges for it to turn about upon; That plea&s;ure was a bait of evill to mankind;
<PB N="LVIII" REF="45">
the Tongue the tryer of Ta&s;te; &s;o [the heart] the &s;pring and maker of the veins, and foun|tain of Bloud which &s;wiftly glides through all the members, which is guarded in the Quarters of the &s;pear-men;</HI> &s;o the pa&s;&s;ages of the pores he calls <HI>&s;treights:</HI> Now for the pal|pitation of the heart in great fears and di|&s;turbances of anger, <HI>The Gods</HI> (&s;ay they) <HI>preparing a remedy, joined unto it the lungs, which con&s;i&s;t of a &s;oft and bloudle&s;&s;e &s;ub&s;tance, having certain pipes and pa&s;&s;ages, and ea&s;ie conveyances, lea&s;t when Choler boils too much in it, it be corrupted into obedience. Thus did he call the hou&s;e [or &s;eat] of De&s;ire a Nur&s;ery; that of wrath an Andreson, [or place of the hou&s;e wherein men only conver&s;e] the &s;pleen the Cook hou&s;e of the entralls, by who&s;e excrements it being once filled it &s;wells up with a great deal of ful&s;ome matter: Yet all the&s;e are co|vered over with fle&s;h both as a defence and a&s;si|&s;tance from cold and heat, and &s;uch as like wool it gently yeelds and obeys any impre&s;sions made upon it: Blood (he call'd) the &s;upplyer of fle&s;h; the ea&s;ie currents of the veins for the better di&s;po&s;ing of nouri&s;hment di&s;per&s;e them|&s;elves like channels artificially cut in a garden for to moi&s;ten it, gu&s;hing through their little [valunlaes or] openings as through a pipe.</HI> And when death approaches, he &s;ayes, <HI>the faculties of the &s;oul are loo&s;ened like the ropes of a &s;hip [&s;etting &s;ail] and &s;o &s;he is &s;et
<PB N="LIX" REF="45">
free.</HI> There are many <HI>other</HI> like to <HI>the&s;e</HI> in the &s;ame place, but the&s;e we have <HI>in|&s;tanc'd</HI> are enough to manife&s;t of what <HI>brave</HI> u&s;e and how conducing to <HI>Height</HI> are <HI>ex|changes</HI> of words and metaphors, and how much all places both <HI>pa&s;sionate</HI> and <HI>expo&s;itory</HI> may be beholding to them. And yet we conceive, &s;hould we be &s;ilent, it is evident, that the <HI>entertainment</HI> of figures as all other <HI>gallantries</HI> helps mainly to bring on &s;ome|what <HI>extraordinary,</HI> and <HI>too Giantly</HI> in &s;peech. And in this <HI>Plato</HI> him&s;elf hath in|curr'd no little cen&s;ure, as one <HI>led away</HI> out of a <HI>Phrenzie</HI> of Eloquence into <HI>rough</HI> and <HI>&s;avage Metaphors</HI> and <HI>ranting</HI> Allegories: <HI>'Tis not ea&s;ily apprehended</HI> (quoth he) <HI>that a City mu&s;t be temper'd as you mingle a gla&s;&s;e of wine: for the wine fir&s;t pour'd in flyes and mantles, but when once puni&s;h'd and weaken'd by the other &s;ober god, tempers it &s;elf with it and becomes good and whole&s;ome drink.</HI> To call water a <HI>&s;ober god,</HI> &s;ay they and <HI>mingling puni&s;hment,</HI> were proper only for a Poet, for no <HI>&s;ober</HI> man would ever affect &s;uch <HI>pitious decadences.</HI> Nay and from this place <HI>Cecilius</HI> in his di&s;cour&s;es upon <HI>Ly&s;ias,</HI> takes the <HI>boldne&s;&s;e</HI> to pronounce <HI>Ly&s;ias</HI> ab&s;olutely a <HI>better</HI> [Oratour] then <HI>Plato, bya&s;&s;'d</HI> it ap|pears by two <HI>incon&s;iderate</HI> pa&s;&s;ions; <HI>as</HI> a lover of <HI>Ly&s;ias</HI> even more then <HI>him&s;elf, and</HI> more to all purpo&s;es <HI>hating Plato</HI> then he
<PB N="LX" REF="46">
<HI>loved Ly&s;ias.</HI> But as it may be all this pro|ceeded from his <HI>prejudice</HI> and <HI>partiality,</HI> &s;o are not his con&s;iderations, to be received as <HI>clear</HI> and <HI>indubitable;</HI> for he makes <HI>[Ly&s;ias]</HI> a <HI>con&s;ummate</HI> and <HI>faultle&s;&s;e</HI> Oratour, and cites many <HI>lap&s;es</HI> in <HI>Plato,</HI> but it is &s;o farre from being true that it &s;eems not probable. But I pray let us once find &s;ome <HI>perfect</HI> and <HI>blamele&s;&s;e Writer.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="29" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 29.</HEAD>
<P>But it will be worth our pains <HI>fir&s;t</HI> to en|quire in the Generall, whether in Poems and Orations an <HI>irregular</HI> and <HI>luxuriant greatne&s;&s;e</HI> be &s;ometimes better then a <HI>&s;taid proportionate</HI> and <HI>&s;teddy</HI> regulation: And withall whether <HI>many</HI> vertues or the <HI>greater</HI> ought ju&s;tly to obtain the <HI>primacy</HI> in &s;peech, For <HI>the&s;e</HI> que&s;tions are very proper to the di&s;qui&s;ition of <HI>Height,</HI> and therefore cannot but require our determination. Now I ob&s;erve that <HI>exce&s;&s;es</HI> of greatne&s;&s;e are natu|rally the <HI>lea&s;t pure,</HI> but what is <HI>nicely exact</HI> is in danger of <HI>littlene&s;&s;e.</HI> Thus in <HI>&s;ublimi|ties</HI> as in <HI>va&s;t</HI> e&s;tates, there mu&s;t be &s;ome|what to <HI>contemn</HI> and throw away. And mu&s;t not this al&s;o be nece&s;&s;arily found, that men who&s;e <HI>under&s;tandings</HI> are of a <HI>little ma|king,</HI> never adventuring them&s;elves in <HI>at|tempts</HI> of <HI>height,</HI> &s;eldome or never <HI>fall,</HI> but walk on &s;ure <HI>ground?</HI> yet for all this it is not to be <HI>conceal'd,</HI> that naturally all hu|mane
<PB N="LXI" REF="46">
things are ever rather <HI>adjudg'd</HI> by the <HI>wor&s;e,</HI> and the memory of the <HI>bad</HI> &s;tands <HI>fixt</HI> and <HI>permanent,</HI> but that of the <HI>good</HI> glides away and <HI>vani&s;hes.</HI> Now &s;hould I in&s;tance &s;ome; no &s;mal <HI>faults</HI> both of <HI>Homer</HI> and other <HI>Grandees,</HI> though for my part as I am as little plea&s;'d with their failings [as any man] &s;o would I rather call them <HI>vo|luntary</HI> [errours] then offences, or [proper|ly] failings of <HI>carele&s;ne&s;&s;e,</HI> heedle&s;ly over|&s;een by <HI>chance</HI> in &s;everall places by a <HI>noble pride</HI> of nature: yet neverthele&s;&s;e I think the <HI>greate&s;t</HI> vertues, although not equally <HI>regnant</HI> in the whole piece, ought to carry the <HI>&s;uffrage</HI> for <HI>precedency,</HI> were it for no other cau&s;e then their <HI>height</HI> and <HI>greatne&s;&s;e.</HI> Now though <HI>Apollonius</HI> that writ the <HI>Argo|nauticks</HI> hath never <HI>offended,</HI> and <HI>Theocritus</HI> in Pa&s;toralls (excepting &s;ome what he has of <HI>forein</HI>) is mo&s;t fortunate; pray whether would you choo&s;e rather to be <HI>Homer</HI> or <HI>Apollonius?</HI> and whether, is <HI>Erato&s;thenes</HI> for his <HI>Erigone,</HI> (a Poem ab&s;olutely <HI>unblameable</HI>) to be accounted a greater Poet then <HI>Archile|chus,</HI> that &s;ayes many things in <HI>confu&s;ion,</HI> yet proceeding from the <HI>motion</HI> and <HI>dictates</HI> of &s;ome <HI>a&s;si&s;ting &s;pirit,</HI> which &s;o break out that they cannot be <HI>dige&s;ted</HI> into order? And in Lyricks, whether would you be <HI>Bac|chylides</HI> or <HI>Pindar?</HI> and in Tragoedy, <HI>Ion,</HI> or <HI>Chius,</HI> or <HI>(O difference!) Sophocles? the&s;e</HI>
<PB N="LXII" REF="47">
have been never found to <HI>fail</HI> as perpetually writing <HI>&s;mooth</HI> and <HI>clear.</HI> But <HI>Pindar</HI> and <HI>Sophocles</HI> as they <HI>burn</HI> up all before them, &s;o <HI>flaming</HI> oftentimes above the mea&s;ure of their <HI>fewell</HI> they <HI>extingui&s;h</HI> and mi&s;erably <HI>decay.</HI> Yet would any judicious man put|ting all the&s;e works of <HI>Ion</HI> into the &s;cales with that &s;ingle Play of <HI>Dedipus</HI> [of <HI>Sopho|cles]</HI> think them of equall value to it?</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="30" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 30.</HEAD>
<P>Be&s;ides if we will judge the&s;e <HI>excellencies</HI> rather by their <HI>number</HI> then <HI>weight</HI> or <HI>realty,</HI> it will follow that <HI>Hyperides</HI> mu&s;t be ac|counted a better Oratour then <HI>Demo&s;thenes,</HI> for he &s;ounds <HI>fuller</HI> and <HI>higher,</HI> hath a many things commendable, &s;eeming a <HI>Ma&s;ter</HI> in what he undertakes, like an Olympick <HI>Game&s;ter,</HI> who is generally wor&s;ted by the <HI>be&s;t</HI> Game&s;ters, but carried it &s;olely among the <HI>mean</HI> ones. Now <HI>Hyperides</HI> is a great <HI>Emulatour</HI> of <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> in all wherein he is <HI>exequi&s;ite</HI> (except it be his compo&s;ition) and to this hath added all the <HI>vertues</HI> and <HI>graces</HI> of <HI>Ly&s;ias,</HI> yea and he's <HI>&s;mooth</HI> and <HI>&s;apple</HI> when there is occa&s;ion, and carries not all on in an <HI>equall Tone,</HI> as does <HI>Demo&s;thenes.</HI> Be&s;ides he <HI>guilds</HI> and <HI>&s;weetens</HI> his Ethicks very plea&s;antly, his <HI>Urbanities</HI> are <HI>innumerable,</HI> his <HI>reprehen&s;ions</HI>
<PB N="LXIII" REF="47">
mo&s;t <HI>civill,</HI> his ingenuity in <HI>wra&s;tling</HI> with Allegories and <HI>retorting</HI> of je&s;ts not &s;ordid or <HI>di&s;igenuous</HI> (like tho&s;e of the <HI>Atticans,</HI>) but <HI>tart</HI> and <HI>pre&s;sing:</HI> How dexterou&s;ly <HI>re|moves</HI> he a <HI>crimination,</HI> and how <HI>facetiou&s;ly?</HI> what hand&s;ome and &s;ure <HI>&s;tabs</HI> he gives? his elegancie and <HI>poli&s;hure</HI> in all the&s;e to &s;peak truth is <HI>inimitable:</HI> withall he is much in|clin'd to <HI>commi&s;eration,</HI> and not &s;eldome wanders with <HI>fabulous</HI> narrations, through a <HI>lubricity</HI> of &s;pirit, being very prone and apt to <HI>digre&s;&s;e;</HI> as for example, when he flew out into tho&s;e politick things concern|ing <HI>Latona,</HI> he made a <HI>funerall</HI> &s;peech &s;o full of <HI>amplification,</HI> that I know not whe|ther any other [could.] But <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> meddles little with <HI>manners</HI> or pa&s;&s;ion, &s;el|dome <HI>dilates</HI> him&s;elf, is nothing <HI>fluid</HI> or <HI>large,</HI> and in a word for the mo&s;t part is <HI>guitle&s;&s;e</HI> of tho&s;e matters which we now mention'd in the former. And therefore when he is enforc'd to be <HI>cheerfull</HI> and <HI>plea|&s;ant</HI> that he may provoke laughter, he is rather <HI>laug'd</HI> at then <HI>rai&s;es</HI> it: and when he endeavours to approach with &s;omewhat <HI>winning</HI> and <HI>complai&s;ant,</HI> he is furthe&s;t from it. But yet &s;ince I conceive that the hand&s;ome things of the <HI>other</HI> are very <HI>little</HI> (as coming from a man <HI>&s;ober in heart</HI>) and <HI>flat,</HI> and &s;uch as leave the Reader unmoved; (for what man reading <HI>Hyperides</HI> would be
<PB N="LXIV" REF="48">
<HI>&s;truck</HI> into a pa&s;&s;ion?) while&s;t the other taking the <HI>accents</HI> of <HI>Height</HI> it &s;elf from the <HI>highe&s;t</HI> pitch of <HI>advanc'd</HI> Nature, and of <HI>&s;kill perfected</HI> to the mo&s;t exqui&s;ite <HI>extremity,</HI> breaths out <HI>living pa&s;sions, &s;ub&s;tantiall plen|ty,</HI> skill, &s;wiftne&s;&s;e, and thereby a <HI>lordly,</HI> and, which is above all the re&s;t, an <HI>unac|e&s;sible</HI> fiercene&s;&s;e, drawing all the&s;e <HI>divine endowments,</HI> (for I do not think it lawfull to call them <HI>humane</HI>) unto him&s;elf. And therefore the&s;e <HI>excellencies</HI> which he bids at he <HI>&s;olely Ma&s;ters,</HI> and without a <HI>Rivall;</HI> and in &s;tead of tho&s;e which he hath not, <HI>thunder-&s;trikes</HI> and in a manner <HI>enlightens</HI> the Oratours of all ages, that a man may &s;ooner open his eyes to a <HI>fla&s;h</HI> of <HI>lightning</HI> then look <HI>fixtly</HI> upon <HI>his motions</HI> and won|derfull <HI>agitations.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="31" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 31.</HEAD>
<P>Now in <HI>Plato</HI> (as I have &s;aid) there is another difference; for <HI>Ly&s;ias</HI> is not only <HI>inferiour</HI> to him in the <HI>greatne&s;&s;e,</HI> but in the <HI>number</HI> of his <HI>vertues,</HI> and &s;o much the ra|ther <HI>exceeds</HI> him in many more <HI>faults,</HI> then <HI>comes &s;hort</HI> of him in <HI>vertues.</HI> What there|fore &s;aw the&s;e <HI>godlike</HI> men, and endeavour|rers of the <HI>&s;ublime&s;t</HI> writing, that they &s;eem to <HI>contemn</HI> and &s;light this <HI>exactne&s;&s;e</HI> in <HI>all?</HI> Among the re&s;t this; that nature making
<PB N="LXV" REF="48">
us no <HI>humble</HI> or <HI>inferiour</HI> creatures, but fra|ming man into <HI>bravery,</HI> and bringing him into <HI>life</HI> and <HI>view</HI> of the world as a <HI>full</HI> and large <HI>Theatre,</HI> to be &s;pectator of all that &s;hould be <HI>acted</HI> therein, and an <HI>emulous</HI> contender; engrafted at the &s;ame time in his &s;oul an indeleble de&s;ire of <HI>greatne&s;&s;e</HI> and &s;omewhat <HI>to us divine.</HI> Therefore to the con&s;ideration and <HI>attempt</HI> of his own <HI>ad|vancement</HI> the whole world <HI>&s;uffices</HI> not, but his thoughts very often mount further then the <HI>&s;urface</HI> that comprehends it. And if a man look about and examine what in <HI>life</HI> is <HI>excellent,</HI> great, and <HI>worthy</HI> above the re&s;t, he will &s;oon under&s;tand for what <HI>end</HI> we enjoy <HI>it.</HI> Hence is it that even out of common notion, we admire not little <HI>pure</HI> or <HI>u&s;efull</HI> &s;treams, but the <HI>Rhine, Nile,</HI> or the <HI>Danow,</HI> and above, the&s;e the Ocean. Neither do we the mo&s;t look at our ordina|ry fire, although we &s;ee it dayly burn &s;hine and <HI>recruited,</HI> but we rather look up and adore tho&s;e cele&s;tiall flames, though to us often darkened. Nor do we think any thing more wonderfull then the <HI>Pits</HI> and <HI>vortices</HI> of the <HI>Aetna,</HI> who&s;e <HI>eructations</HI> throw whole &s;tones from its <HI>depths,</HI> and huge fragments, nay <HI>poures</HI> out <HI>rivers</HI> of no other &s;pecies, which is <HI>fire.</HI> So that from all this we may well draw this re&s;ult that what is <HI>profitable</HI> and nece&s;&s;ary for Man|kind
<PB N="LXVI" REF="49">
is ea&s;ily <HI>attainable,</HI> but what is <HI>admi|rable</HI> is beyond his <HI>expectation</HI> or <HI>attempt.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="32" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 32.</HEAD>
<P>In all the <HI>braveries</HI> therefore of &s;peech to w^c^h <HI>Height</HI> concurs not without <HI>u&s;e</HI> or <HI>pro|fit,</HI> we mu&s;t here note that &s;uch men though they could not arrive to a pitch above fail|ing, yet they have put them&s;elves in a con|dition above <HI>Death</HI> or <HI>oblivion:</HI> And as the <HI>other</HI> things do but &s;hew were <HI>men,</HI> &s;o their greatne&s;&s;e hath &s;et them in a condition next to <HI>Immortality;</HI> and indeed their <HI>fallibi|lity</HI> is not &s;o much <HI>blam'd,</HI> as what is <HI>laudable admir'd.</HI> But what need I adde any more? Any of tho&s;e <HI>Heroes</HI> are able to <HI>expiate</HI> all their offences with one <HI>glorius</HI> and <HI>fiery</HI> pa&s;&s;age: and that which is of greate&s;t con&s;i|deration, if a man &s;hould pick out all the <HI>er|rours</HI> of <HI>Homer, Demon&s;thenes,</HI> or <HI>Plato,</HI> or any other of tho&s;e <HI>renowned</HI> men, and put them all together, they would be found not the <HI>thou&s;and</HI> part of tho&s;e exqui&s;ite things <HI>&s;cat|ter'd</HI> up and down in their <HI>immortall</HI> papers; and therefore all <HI>Ages,</HI> and the <HI>men</HI> of tho&s;e A|ges could not be &s;o <HI>infatuated</HI> with envy, as not with a joint con&s;ent to rai&s;e up <HI>tropheys</HI> to them, which <HI>to this day</HI> remain fair and undemoli&s;h'd, and are like ever &s;o to do
<Q>While&s;t &s;prings &s;hall glide, and woods their leaves renew.</Q>
<PB N="LXVII" REF="49">
You will therefore &s;ay that a writer is an <HI>irregular Colo&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="2 letters">,</HI> no better then the <HI>Dory|phorus</HI> of <HI>Polycletlo<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="3 letters">:</HI> but among other things it may be an&s;wered, That in <HI>Artificials</HI> we require <HI>exactne&s;&s;e,</HI> in <HI>Naturals, greatne&s;&s;e;</HI> now nature made a man <HI>rationall,</HI> and in <HI>&s;tatues</HI> we expect a thing like a man; but in <HI>Speech,</HI> &s;ome what I know not how <HI>exceeding</HI> (as I have &s;aid) <HI>Man:</HI> yet ought we (for now we return to that <HI>Monition</HI> we began with in <HI>this</HI> Book) &s;ince <HI>infallibility</HI> is for the mo&s;t part the effect of <HI>Art,</HI> and <HI>&s;ublimities</HI> are <HI>various</HI> and <HI>different,</HI> call in <HI>Art</HI> always to the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of <HI>Nature</HI> for their better <HI>perfection,</HI> for by their <HI>confederacy</HI> all mu&s;t he <HI>con&s;ummated.</HI> And thus much was <HI>ne|ce&s;&s;ary</HI> for us to re&s;olve upon the <HI>Que&s;tions</HI> we formerly propo&s;'d, every man make <HI>election</HI> what he will follow.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="33" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 33.</HEAD>
<P>Of near kin to <HI>Metaphors</HI> are <HI>Parables</HI> and De&s;criptions, [or <HI>Pictures]</HI> differing only in this</P>
<P>And &s;uch as the&s;e, if you brought <HI>your brains plac'd in your head and not in your heels.</HI> Therefore it will be nece&s;&s;ary we
<PB N="LXVIII" REF="50">
know how farre we may <HI>proceed</HI> in any thing, for to adventure beyond the &s;et <HI>li|mits,</HI> de&s;troyes the hyperbole, and <HI>&s;lackens</HI> and <HI>breaks</HI> the things &s;o <HI>&s;tretch'd,</HI> nay and &s;ometimes they are <HI>perverted</HI> into utter <HI>con|trarieties.</HI> And therefore <HI>I&s;ocrates</HI> I know not how play'd the very <HI>child</HI> in his &s;edulous affectation of &s;peaking all his things <HI>largely</HI> and <HI>copiou&s;ly.</HI> Now the end of his <HI>Panegyrick</HI> is, to &s;hew how far the <HI>good turns</HI> of the <HI>Athenians</HI> to the other <HI>Grecians</HI> exceeded tho&s;e of <HI>Sparta;</HI> but he in the ve|ry beginning brings in this; <HI>Since that Orations have &s;uch a naturall property, as thay can devance and le&s;&s;en great things, and exalt and heighten little, and repeat matters of Antiquity as done ye&s;terday, and di&s;cour&s;e of Novelties as things of many ages &s;tanding.</HI> But I pray (may &s;ome &s;ay) <HI>I&s;ocrates,</HI> are you about to make &s;uch a <HI>counterchange</HI> of the affairs of <HI>Lacedemon</HI> and <HI>Athens?</HI> Now this commendation of Orations did little le&s;&s;e then give his hearers faire <HI>warning</HI> and premonition to be <HI>incredulous.</HI> And therefore the be&s;t <HI>Hyperboles</HI> are tho&s;e, (as we &s;aid before of <HI>Schemes</HI>) when they are <HI>&s;o</HI> di&s;po&s;'d that they are <HI>not known</HI> to be <HI>Hyperboles:</HI> and then is it, when in the <HI>height</HI> of <HI>perturbation</HI> they <HI>fall in</HI> with the <HI>circum&s;tance</HI> it &s;elf, as was hand&s;omely done by <HI>Thucydides</HI> [writing] of tho&s;e that were
<PB N="LXIX" REF="50">
&s;lain in <HI>Sicily; The</HI> Siracu&s;ians (&s;ayes he) <HI>coming down did mo&s;t execution upon tho&s;e that were in the River, &s;o that the water was in an in&s;tant corrupted, and yet neverthele&s;&s;e, for all it was bloody and dirty, they drank of it, nay &s;ome fought about it.</HI> Now the tran|&s;port of pa&s;&s;ion and the circum&s;tance make it probable that they might <HI>drink mudde</HI> and <HI>blood,</HI> and <HI>quarrell</HI> about <HI>it.</HI> Like to this is that of <HI>Herodotus</HI> of tho&s;e <HI>[that fought]</HI> at <HI>Thermopylae; In this place while they de|fended them&s;elves with &s;uch &s;words as they had left, the</HI> Barbarians <HI>encompa&s;&s;'d then, and falling upon them both with hands and mouths overthrew them.</HI> You would &s;ay 'tis &s;trange they &s;hould fall upon <HI>armed men</HI> with their <HI>mouths,</HI> and that it is not u&s;uall <HI>[for a num|ber]</HI> to be <HI>overthrown</HI> with <HI>darts,</HI> and yet this is as credible <HI>[as the other.]</HI> But we mu&s;t not take occa&s;ion to bring things <HI>in order</HI> to bring in Hyperboles, but we mu&s;t make Hyperboles ari&s;e from the <HI>things:</HI> and indeed (to pro&s;ecute my purpo&s;e) <HI>papious</HI> and <HI>circum&s;tances</HI> coming near the thing in hand, are great <HI>remedies</HI> and <HI>qualifiers</HI> of <HI>Height;</HI> hence is it that many <HI>comick</HI> pa&s;|&s;ages though <HI>&s;tretch'd</HI> unto <HI>impo&s;sibility</HI> &s;eem to be <HI>probable</HI> becau&s;e they are <HI>ridicu|lous;</HI> [as that] <HI>He had a piece of groundle&s;&s;e then a</HI> Laconie <HI>Epi&s;tle;</HI> for laughter is a pa&s;&s;ion that con&s;i&s;ts of plea&s;ure. Now Hy|perboles
<PB N="LXX" REF="51">
are as well admitted for <HI>diminution</HI> as <HI>augmentation,</HI> for both extreams <HI>corre&s;pond</HI> and <HI>an&s;wer</HI> one another, and indeed <HI>eleva|tion</HI> is nothing but the <HI>plucking up</HI> of <HI>de|pre&s;sion.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="34" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 34.</HEAD>
<P>We are now arrived at the <HI>fifth</HI> branch, which we &s;aid in the beginning was to <HI>glorifie</HI> &s;peech, and that is (my noble friend) the <HI>di&s;po&s;ure</HI> and <HI>Architecture</HI> which we have already &s;ufficiently di&s;cour&s;ed of in <HI>two</HI> Treati&s;es. Yet for &s;o much as I did then in&s;ert to this purpo&s;e, I thought it but nece&s;&s;ary to <HI>tran&s;cribe</HI> hither: as, that <HI>har|monious</HI> fabrick of &s;peech is not only very fortunate in <HI>per&s;uations,</HI> and naturally full of <HI>allurement</HI> and delight, but al&s;o a mo&s;t admirable <HI>promotion</HI> and <HI>engine</HI> of <HI>liberty</HI> and pa&s;&s;ion. For a <HI>Pipe</HI> makes not only an <HI>impre&s;sion</HI> upon the hearers, but <HI>un&s;ettles</HI> them and makes them rove about like <HI>mad</HI> men, and if you choo&s;e any <HI>particular</HI> tune compells them to <HI>dance</HI> after it, and by &s;eve|rall ge&s;tures to <HI>an&s;wer</HI> and <HI>imitate</HI> it, or any other when 'tis chang'd: And can it be deny'd that the &s;everall <HI>Tunes</HI> of a <HI>Lute</HI> (though they &s;ignifie nothing in <HI>them|&s;elves) varied</HI> and chang'd by &s;everall <HI>touches</HI> and <HI>&s;tops</HI> into a &s;weet concord, do
<PB N="LXXI" REF="51">
not wonderfully <HI>charme</HI> and <HI>bewitch</HI> the <HI>&s;pirit?</HI> But the&s;e <HI>airs</HI> and imitations are forc'd and <HI>ba&s;tardly,</HI> not reall and <HI>genuine</HI> movers of the mind of man. Shall we not therefore think that. <HI>Compo&s;ition</HI> being a <HI>Mu&s;ick</HI> re&s;ulting from words which are <HI>naturall</HI> to men, gains admi&s;&s;ion as wel in the <HI>&s;oul</HI> as at the <HI>ear;</HI> when it mu&s;ters up numerous <HI>Idea's</HI> of <HI>words, things, lu&s;tre, pro|portion,</HI> and what ever el&s;e is <HI>innate</HI> or <HI>con|geniall with us,</HI> and by <HI>mixing</HI> and <HI>moulding</HI> their &s;ounds <HI>di&s;per&s;es</HI> the pa&s;&s;ion of the Spea|ker, and <HI>infects</HI> all near <HI>him,</HI> and by all this adding magnificence to the <HI>&s;tructure</HI> of words, and rai&s;ing them up to <HI>glory</HI> and <HI>maje&s;ty,</HI> and whatever it <HI>comprehends</HI> with|in it &s;elf or may <HI>touch</HI> upon <HI>our</HI> &s;pirits, or any way ma&s;ter our <HI>under&s;tandings?</HI> But it would but &s;eem <HI>madne&s;&s;e</HI> to <HI>doubt</HI> any longer of things &s;o <HI>univer&s;ally acknowledg'd,</HI> for there needs no other proof but <HI>experience.</HI> 'Tis a very <HI>rich</HI> and indeed extraordinary <HI>thought</HI> that of <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> after the decree; <HI>This very Vote made all the danger that oung over the City to vani&s;h like a cloud.</HI> Yet was the <HI>mu&s;ick</HI> and <HI>utterance</HI> of it not at all in|feriour to the conceit, for it all <HI>runs</HI> upon <HI>Dactyls,</HI> which are the mo&s;t <HI>heroick</HI> and <HI>&s;tately</HI> mea&s;ure, and therefore are they cho&s;en for <HI>that</HI> ver&s;e, <HI>[the heroick]</HI> which is the <HI>gallante&s;t</HI> and mo&s;t <HI>princely</HI> of all the
<PB N="LXXII" REF="52">
re&s;t. Now if you &s;hould tran&s;po&s;e any thing here out of its place according to plea&s;ure, as <GAP DESC="foreign">, or but cut off one &s;yllable <GAP DESC="foreign">, you would find how much the time &s;ets off Height; for that <GAP DESC="foreign"> knit to the <HI>former</HI> long foot is of four &s;yllables, but being <HI>mangl'd</HI> into <GAP DESC="foreign"> it comes <HI>lame</HI> and the greatne&s;&s;e is lo&s;t, but if again you <HI>&s;tretch</HI> it out to <GAP DESC="foreign"> it runs otherwi&s;e and becomes the &s;ame it was formerly, for by the length and &s;top of the la&s;t particle the breach <HI>clo&s;es</HI> up, and it runs <HI>free</HI> and <HI>&s;moothly.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="35" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 35.</HEAD>
<P>Be&s;ides that this apt <HI>di&s;po&s;ure</HI> of parts doth <HI>greaten</HI> &s;peech, as the like in <HI>membe<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> does a <HI>body:</HI> for if one be once cut off and <HI>&s;evered</HI> from another there is nothing <HI>comely,</HI> but all remaining together make up an <HI>hand&s;ome &s;y&s;tem;</HI> &s;o <HI>generous</HI> things being <HI>&s;catter'd</HI> and <HI>parceli'd</HI> one from another can never <HI>clo&s;e</HI> into any <HI>Height,</HI> but brought into a <HI>coalition</HI> and <HI>bound</HI> up into <HI>harmony,</HI> they <HI>circulate</HI> and become <HI>&s;onorous;</HI> &s;o that the true &s;ounds and tones of <HI>Periods,</HI> may be compar'd to a great <HI>fea&s;t</HI> made up of many <HI>di&s;hes.</HI> And indeed a many both <HI>Poets</HI>
<PB N="LXXIII" REF="52">
and other <HI>Writers,</HI> though they had none of the <HI>highe&s;t</HI> natures, and u&s;e mo&s;tly but <HI>low, common, triviall</HI> and <HI>plain</HI> words, yet by the <HI>contexture</HI> and <HI>fabrick</HI> of them have arriv'd at <HI>pride</HI> and &s;tately <HI>inter&s;tices,</HI> and made &s;hew of nothing le&s;&s;e then their <HI>mean|ne&s;&s;e:</HI> as for example (among many others) <HI>Phili&s;tus</HI> in <HI>&s;ome</HI> things, <HI>Ari&s;tophanes</HI> in <HI>many, Euripides</HI> as we have &s;ufficiently ma|nife&s;ted. Thus <HI>Hercules [in</HI> Euripides] when he had <HI>&s;lain</HI> his <HI>children;</HI></P>
<P><HI>I'm</HI> full <HI>of evils, there's no</HI> place <HI>for more.</HI> This is but <HI>popularly</HI> &s;poken, yet is made Tragicall by its <HI>order</HI> and <HI>figuration.</HI> Now if you will but <HI>di&s;compo&s;e</HI> it a little, you wil find that this proceeds rather from the <HI>mo|delling</HI> of the words, then the <HI>notion</HI> they comprehend. And of <HI>Dirce</HI> being hurried about by a Bull,
<Q><L>&mdash; Where e're</L>
<L>He turn'd about, he turn'd about withall</L>
<L>The <HI>Woman, Stones,</HI> and <HI>Oaks,</HI> throw|ing them round.</L></Q>
The &s;peech is <HI>lofty,</HI> but is made more <HI>weigh|ty</HI> in regard the <HI>tone</HI> is not made too <HI>&s;wift</HI> and <HI>precipitate,</HI> but hath its <HI>&s;tays</HI> and <HI>re&s;ts</HI> at every name, and <HI>pau&s;es</HI> of time, whereby it <HI>e&s;tabli&s;hed</HI> it &s;elf into ju&s;t bigne&s;&s;e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="36" TYPE="section">
<PB N="LXXIV" REF="53">
<HEAD>&sect;. 36.</HEAD>
<P>Nothing at all &s;o <HI>enervates</HI> greatne&s;&s;e, as numbers <HI>rent</HI> and <HI>&s;hatter'd</HI> in the pronunci|ation; as the <HI>Pyrrichii, Trochaei, Dichoraei,</HI> which can only be accommodated to a <HI>nimble</HI> dance; for all &s;uch <HI>[things]</HI> as are <HI>bundled</HI> into numbers, pre&s;ently become <HI>pretty, thin,</HI> and <HI>di&s;-pa&s;sionate,</HI> flowing <HI>&s;i|lently</HI> and <HI>untroubledly</HI> by rea&s;on of their too much <HI>&s;moothne&s;&s;e,</HI> and which is wor&s;t of all in them they <HI>withdraw</HI> the hearer from what they treat of, and entertain him only with their <HI>noi&s;e.</HI> So the&s;e <HI>Rhyth|micall</HI> and <HI>footed</HI> pa&s;&s;ages feed not the <HI>at|tention</HI> of the hearers with their <HI>matter,</HI> but their <HI>&s;ound,</HI> and <HI>they</HI> fore&s;eeing their periods join with them in the <HI>clo&s;e,</HI> and as in a <HI>con&s;ort anticipate</HI> the <HI>conclu&s;ion.</HI> So [we may &s;ay of] the&s;e &s;mall things <HI>triflingly flatted</HI> and <HI>&s;mooth'd,</HI> and <HI>&s;lic'd</HI> into particles, which &s;eem'd to have their fractures naild up, and <HI>botch'd</HI> into a continuity.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="37" TYPE="section">
<PB N="LXXV" REF="53">
<HEAD>&sect;. 37.</HEAD>
<P>That which al&s;o <HI>dimini&s;hes</HI> Grandeur is too much <HI>conci&s;ene&s;&s;e</HI> of phra&s;e, for if it be too <HI>Laconic</HI> it <HI>di&s;members</HI> it: but this mu&s;t not be under&s;tood of &s;uch as are <HI>limited</HI> to a ju&s;t <HI>narrowne&s;&s;e,</HI> but &s;uch as from which &s;omewhat is <HI>lopp'd,</HI> for &s;uch <HI>maims</HI> arre&s;t the under&s;tanding; <HI>compendiou&s;ne&s;&s;e</HI> fur|thers <HI>it,</HI> but <HI>lifele&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>tedious</HI> prating is to be held <HI>excrement</HI> and <HI>excre&s;cency.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="38" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 38.</HEAD>
<P>VVithall the u&s;e of <HI>little words</HI> is a great <HI>&s;hame</HI> and <HI>blemi&s;h,</HI> and therefore <HI>He|rodotus</HI> excellently de&s;cribes <HI>Winter</HI> as to his <HI>notions,</HI> though his &s;ubject is not &s;o worthy of it; as in this, <GAP DESC="foreign">, the Sea frothing, <GAP DESC="foreign"> is very eloquent by rea&s;on of the har&s;hne&s;&s;e of the &s;ound; <GAP DESC="foreign"> (&s;ayes he) <GAP DESC="foreign"> this <GAP DESC="foreign"> is unhand&s;ome becau&s;e of his <HI>commonne&s;&s;e,</HI> and <GAP DESC="foreign"> is un&s;uitable to &s;uch a pa&s;&s;ion. So <HI>Theopompus</HI> endeavou|ring <HI>magnificently</HI> to de&s;cribe the expedition of the <HI>Per&s;ians</HI> into <HI>Egypt, &s;tabb'd</HI> his nar|ration by a few little words; <HI>What City, or what Nation</HI> (&s;ayes he) <HI>in all</HI> A&s;ia <HI>&s;ent not
<PB N="LXXVI" REF="54">
their Amba&s;&s;adours to the King? what was it that grows upon the earth, and could ei|ther be made curious or precious by Art, which was not brought and pre&s;ented to him? How many rich Carpets and Robes? &s;ome purple, &s;ome particolour'd, &s;ome white, Golden tents fitted with all kind of uten&s;ils, many under-garments, and embroidered beds, &s;ilver and gold already coin'd, platters and gob|lets, &s;ome whereof you might &s;ee &s;tudded with gemmes, others wrought with exqui&s;ite skill and va&s;t charge. Adde to this innumerable myriads of Arms, &s;ome of the</HI> Greek, <HI>&s;ome of the</HI> Barbarie <HI>fa&s;hion, be&s;ides Bea&s;ts for car|rying of Baggage above all account, and be|&s;ides others for &s;acrifices, a number of bu&s;hels of &s;ea&s;oning for them, many &s;acks and packs of Books, and what ever el&s;e could be ne|ce&s;&s;ary, &s;o many Tubs of all kind of Sacri|fices &s;alted and prepared, pil'd into &s;uch heaps, that viewing them afar off you would have &s;uppo&s;'d them Hills and Mountains new ri&s;en up.</HI> Here when he &s;hould have <HI>pur&s;ued</HI> the highe&s;t things, he <HI>falls</HI> upon the low|e&s;t, whereas to have <HI>gain'd his</HI> point, he &s;hould have done the <HI>contrary;</HI> and in this <HI>grand news</HI> of &s;uch a preparation, mention|ing <HI>che&s;ts</HI> of <HI>&s;ea&s;onings</HI> and <HI>&s;acks,</HI> he makes the <HI>bu&s;ine&s;&s;e</HI> little better then the march of a <HI>Sutlery;</HI> for it is no other, if in the &s;ame memoriall, wherein he mentions <HI>golden and
<PB N="LXXVII" REF="54">
&s;tudded cups, &s;tampt money, golden tents,</HI> he al&s;o places <HI>che&s;ts</HI> and <HI>&s;acks,</HI> which certainly were a very <HI>unfitting</HI> and <HI>unbecoming</HI> &s;ight; &s;o the words expre&s;&s;ing them mu&s;t needs be ugly <HI>&s;cars</HI> as <HI>unhappily</HI> placed there. He might as well to make a <HI>full</HI> narration, have told what <HI>Mountains</HI> they were that were conjectur'd <HI>to ri&s;e,</HI> and have made the Camels <HI>di&s;cour&s;e</HI> one with another what kind of preparation the <HI>other</HI> was, or a multitude of <HI>Bea&s;ts</HI> carrying all that might &s;erve the <HI>luxury</HI> of the <HI>Palat</HI> and <HI>Table,</HI> or have <HI>particulariz'd</HI> the heapes of all tho&s;e provi&s;ions, and told whether they &s;erv'd rather for <HI>nece&s;&s;ary</HI> food or <HI>wan|tonne&s;&s;e</HI> of Banquet, or el&s;e in this manner he might have mention'd all things he thought requi&s;ite either for <HI>Table</HI> or <HI>Banquet.</HI> For in high matters there ma&s;t be no <HI>tum|bling</HI> into other <HI>ba&s;e</HI> and <HI>&s;ordid,</HI> unle&s;&s;e there be an ab&s;olute and <HI>unavoidable</HI> nece&s;&s;ity: For words ought to carry a <HI>&s;tamp</HI> worthy of the things they <HI>repre&s;ent,</HI> and in this to <HI>imitate</HI> nature in the <HI>making</HI> of man, who neither plac'd our <HI>privy parts</HI> nor our <HI>excre|ments</HI> in view, but as well became her, <HI>hidde</HI> them, and, as <HI>Xenophon</HI> &s;ayes, <HI>turn'd their channels and pa&s;&s;ages another way,</HI> lea&s;t there &s;hould be any thing to impair the comline&s;&s;e of the whole. But I
<PB N="LXXVIII" REF="55">
will no longer in&s;i&s;t upon the&s;e cau&s;es of littlene&s;&s;e, for having once &s;hewn what makes &s;peech <HI>generous</HI> and <HI>&s;ublime,</HI> it will follow that the <HI>contrary</HI> for the mo&s;t part <HI>humbles</HI> and <HI>deforms</HI> it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="39" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>&sect;. 39.</HEAD>
<P>It only remains, and for your better <HI>infor|mation</HI> (deare&s;t friend) I will go through with it, to &s;atisfie a que&s;tion which a certain Philo&s;opher &s;ometimes ask'd; <HI>'Tis a great wonder</HI> (&s;aid he) whence it &s;hould come that in <HI>our age</HI> as well as in many <HI>others,</HI> large <HI>capacities,</HI> deep <HI>judgments,</HI> clear and <HI>&s;earching</HI> heads, but e&s;pecially <HI>vigorous</HI> and <HI>fiery</HI> wits, made for the <HI>enriching</HI> of Eloquence, are very &s;eldome or not at all <HI>found,</HI> &s;uch a generall death there is of all men <HI>con&s;tellated</HI> for the &s;ciences: Shall wee I be&s;eech you believe that which hath been in many mens mouths, that a <HI>Democracie</HI> is the be&s;t <HI>Nur&s;e</HI> of <HI>high</HI> Spirits, and under it &s;o many great Oratours have in a manner not only <HI>flouri&s;h'd,</HI> but even <HI>decay'd</HI> with it? For ju&s;t liberty <HI>feeds</HI> and <HI>nouri&s;hes</HI> the thoughts with great <HI>notions,</HI> and <HI>draws</HI> them forward, and encrea&s;es their <HI>emu|lations</HI>
<PB N="LXXIX" REF="55">
and the <HI>&s;trong</HI> de&s;ires they have to obtain the <HI>priority</HI> of honour, and that by the rewards propo&s;'d to them in &s;uch <HI>Republicks:</HI> the faculties of their minds and all their skills are <HI>whetted,</HI> and in a manner <HI>kindled</HI> into a flame, which commonly <HI>&s;hines</HI> freely and <HI>brightly</HI> as the things they deal with. But we of this age, &s;aid hee, &s;eem to be taught from children to endure <HI>&s;lavery,</HI> being <HI>&s;wath'd</HI> as it were in the&s;e <HI>cu&s;tomes</HI> and per&s;ua&s;ions even from our <HI>tendere&s;t nails,</HI> &s;o that we cannot po&s;&s;ibly <HI>ta&s;te</HI> of that <HI>rich</HI> and <HI>full fountain</HI> of Eloquence, I mean, &s;ayes he, <HI>Liberty.</HI> So that in the end we become at be&s;t but excel|lent <HI>flatterers,</HI> and from hence, &s;ayes he, the&s;e kinds of habits follow us to our <HI>own homes;</HI> and 'tis impo&s;&s;ible for a <HI>&s;ervile man</HI> to be a true <HI>Oratour,</HI> for pre&s;ently his <HI>Liberty</HI> and his <HI>boldne&s;&s;e decayes</HI> and <HI>con&s;umes,</HI> and being as it were by cu&s;tome u&s;ed to <HI>buffeting</HI> we dare never &s;peake <HI>out</HI> but onely <HI>mutter. Wee lo&s;e one half of our vertue</HI> (&s;ayes <HI>Homer) in one day of our &s;ervitude.</HI> And as (if it be <HI>true</HI> which I have <HI>heard</HI> repor|ted) they &s;ay the cages in which <HI>Pigmies</HI> commonly called <HI>dwarfes</HI> are nouri&s;hed not only <HI>hinder</HI> the <HI>encrea&s;e</HI> and <HI>growth</HI>
<PB N="LXXX" REF="56">
of them, but even &s;treighten them by a <HI>muzzle</HI> [or band] put about their mouths: So may we &s;ay that any <HI>&s;lavery</HI> be it never &s;o ju&s;t, may truly be called a <HI>cage</HI> of the &s;oul and a <HI>common Goal</HI> of it. But my good friend, &s;aid he, I believe that it is proper to man to <HI>blame</HI> and <HI>repine</HI> at the pre&s;ent time, but looke if * * * * *</P>
<P>'Tis peace that <HI>corrupts</HI> the greate&s;t wits in the world, and &s;o much the rather that this <HI>Warre</HI> which is <HI>endle&s;&s;e</HI> puts a <HI>&s;top</HI> upon our <HI>inclinations:</HI> And be&s;ides wee may adde to this the <HI>perturbations</HI> that <HI>be&s;iege</HI> the pre&s;ent way of living, and oftentimes <HI>to&s;&s;e</HI> it and <HI>di&s;order</HI> it; For Covetou&s;ne&s;&s;e as a <HI>generall feaver</HI> will not &s;uffer our <HI>thir&s;t</HI> to be <HI>quenched,</HI> and our <HI>plea&s;ures</HI> lead us <HI>captive,</HI> or, to &s;ay better, <HI>&s;wallow</HI> up both our <HI>manners</HI> and <HI>de&s;igns.</HI> Now <HI>Covetou&s;ne&s;&s;e le&s;&s;ens</HI> a man the mo&s;t of any thing, and <HI>plea&s;ure</HI> renders him the mo&s;t <HI>ungenerous:</HI> nor upon the deepe&s;t <HI>re&s;uerie</HI> can I finde or <HI>opinion</HI> that it can po&s;&s;ibly be, that tho&s;e who can value &s;uch <HI>unmea&s;urable</HI> wealth, or
<PB N="LXXXI" REF="56">
to &s;peake truer, <HI>adore it,</HI> can lay a&s;ide tho&s;e ba&s;e humours that <HI>infect</HI> the mind at the &s;ame time with it. Now to &s;uch exce&s;&s;ive and <HI>unbridled</HI> wealth, there nece&s;&s;arily follows like a <HI>&s;hadow</HI> at the heeles <HI>prodigality</HI> and <HI>other vices,</HI> &s;he opening the <HI>Gates</HI> and entrances of Ci|ties, <HI>po&s;&s;e&s;sing</HI> her &s;elf of them and <HI>&s;ea|ting</HI> there. Now when <HI>the&s;e</HI> have had any <HI>long</HI> entertainment in the <HI>life</HI> of man, they <HI>build</HI> ne&s;ts there (as the <HI>wi&s;e</HI> men have &s;aid) and pre&s;ently <HI>impregnate;</HI> and doe but you con&s;ider what they mu&s;t bring forth, marry <HI>haughtine&s;&s;e</HI> and <HI>luxury,</HI> which are not their <HI>ba&s;tard-children</HI> but <HI>legitimate.</HI> Now if any <HI>che|ri&s;h</HI> the&s;e grand-children of wealth, they breed up incontroulable <HI>Tyrants</HI> over their &s;ouls, <HI>contumely,</HI> and <HI>&s;hamele&s;&s;ene&s;&s;e:</HI> for the&s;e things mu&s;t <HI>nece&s;&s;arily</HI> follow, and 'tis impo&s;&s;ible men &s;hould look up to the <HI>pinnacles</HI> of honour, or <HI>&s;ay</HI> any thing <HI>more</HI> then ordinary. Thus are the&s;e cor|ruptions of life <HI>perfected</HI> by degrees in a circle, and the excellencies of the &s;oule <HI>decay, langui&s;h</HI> and grow <HI>drow&s;ie,</HI> &s;ince they perceive men cheri&s;hing only their <HI>pa&s;sible</HI> and <HI>mortall</HI> parts, and <HI>&s;lumbring</HI> in irrationality, &s;o that they neglect the <HI>pur&s;uit</HI> of the <HI>vertues.</HI> For 'tis impo&s;&s;ible
<PB N="LXXXII" REF="57">
in a Judgement &s;eat that any man <HI>brib'd</HI> or <HI>prepo&s;&s;e&s;&s;'d</HI> &s;hould be a <HI>good</HI> judge of what were <HI>ju&s;t</HI> or <HI>unju&s;t,</HI> for whoever takes a <HI>bribe,</HI> mu&s;t needs think that which is <HI>dome&s;tick</HI> to him the <HI>be&s;t</HI> and <HI>hone&s;te&s;t.</HI> Now &s;ince bribes and fal&s;e judgments <HI>follow</HI> us all our lives, and <HI>contrivances</HI> and <HI>expectances</HI> of <HI>[others]</HI> deaths, and <HI>fal&s;ifying</HI> of Te&s;taments, and <HI>truckings</HI> for gain out of any thing whatever, eve|ry man <HI>&s;elling</HI> into &s;lavery his owne <HI>minde;</HI> can we think in &s;uch a pe&s;tilent <HI>perver&s;ion</HI> to expect any <HI>free</HI> and <HI>right judge</HI> of &s;uch things, as being <HI>great</HI> and <HI>generous</HI> would divert him from his for|mer <HI>de&s;igns,</HI> and not gratifie him with the <HI>flattery</HI> of his pre&s;ent <HI>oberrations?</HI> Now is it not better for us that are men of this <HI>kidney</HI> to have a <HI>Ruler</HI> &s;et over us then to be left to our freedome, &s;ince that our <HI>Covetou&s;ne&s;&s;e</HI> let wholly <HI>loo&s;e</HI> (like <HI>pri&s;oners</HI> &s;et out of pri&s;on into the <HI>voy&s;inage</HI>) would run <HI>headlong</HI> into &s;uch mi&s;chiefs as may &s;et all the world on <HI>fire?</HI> Then (&s;aid he) the <HI>lazine&s;&s;e</HI> of our modern wits proceeded al&s;o from <HI>profu&s;ion,</HI> to which, except a few, wee are all <HI>enclin'd,</HI> not otherwi&s;e labouring then men newly <HI>recovered</HI> out of <HI>&s;ickne&s;&s;e,</HI> unle&s;&s;e it be for <HI>prai&s;e</HI> or <HI>plea&s;ure,</HI> but
<PB N="LXXXIII" REF="57">
out of no <HI>zeal</HI> or to any profit worthy of <HI>prai&s;e.</HI> But it would be better perhaps to <HI>di&s;mi&s;&s;e</HI> this point and fall upon that which mu&s;t <HI>next</HI> follow, and that is the <HI>pa&s;sions,</HI> which wee have promi&s;ed to treat of in <HI>another</HI> di&s;cour&s;e, in which both other <HI>&s;peech</HI> as well as <HI>Height</HI> will I &s;uppo&s;e have a &s;hare.</P>
<TRAILER>THE END.</TRAILER>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
