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<NAME>Judith Siefring</NAME>
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<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>THE LIFE Of the Renowned S^r <HI>PHILIP SIDNEY.</HI> WITH The true Intere&s;t of <HI>England</HI> as it then &s;tood in relation to all For|rain Princes: And particularly for &s;up|pre&s;&s;ing the power of <HI>Spain</HI> Stated by Him. His principall Actions, Coun&s;els, De&s;ignes, and Death. Together with a &s;hort Account of the Maximes and Policies u&s;ed by Queen <HI>Elizabeth</HI> in her Government.</P>
<P>Written by Sir FULKE GREVIL Knight, Lord BROOK, a Servant to Queen <HI>Elizabeth,</HI> and his Companion &amp; Friend.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed for <HI>Henry Seile</HI> over again&s;t St <HI>Dun&s;tans</HI> Church in Fleet-&s;treet. <HI>MDCLII.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>Mo&s;t humbly, To the Right Honorable THE COUNTESSE OF <HI>S&V;NDERLAND.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Since Madam,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>_BOth your Bloud, and Vertues do &s;o &s;trong|ly Intitle you to this well-limb'd Piece; it would be a &s;tain upon the Publi&s;her,
<PB REF="3">
to en&s;hrine it to any other Name but yours. Who can protect the story of a <HI>Sidney,</HI> but a <HI>Sidney</HI>'s Name? Thus his <HI>Matchle&s;s Poem,</HI> &s;eem'd providentially by him impa|tronag'd unto his <HI>Peerle&s;s Si&s;ter.</HI> And this (Madam) being another of his <HI>meaner Monuments,</HI> di&s;dains Ad|dre&s;s to any other Alliance but his own. Here at your feet (by no de&s;picable Pen) the Hi&s;tory of our Nations Won|der lies; Who&s;e large &s;pread
<PB REF="3">
Fame, your noble Meene im|proves, and convinces the World of this Truth, That not only the Endowments of Nature, but even the Enoble|ments of the Mind, and Ge|nius, are many times inherent in the Bloud and Linage. Some Families are privileg'd from Heaven in Excellen|cies, which now and then in particular Branches, like new Stars, appear and beautifie the &s;phere they &s;hine in. And doubtle&s;s if the departed into
<PB REF="4">
Happine&s;s, have any know|ledge of our <HI>humane Vici&s;si|tudes,</HI> his gallant Soul looks down with Contentment, to &s;ee the Honour of his Hou&s;e continued in your <HI>unblemi&s;ht Merit.</HI> Which, taking all, may excu&s;e the pre&s;umption that I can be charged with, who not pretending to the Au|thorage, have thought I could not doe more right, either to <HI>him,</HI> or the <HI>&s;ubject</HI> of the di&s;|cour&s;e, than to in&s;cribe it to <HI>Her,</HI> who like <HI>day</HI> in this <HI>Ec|clip&s;e</HI>
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of <HI>Honour,</HI> enlight|ning our <HI>We&s;tern Orb,</HI> hath ambition'd me to make this offering from,</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>Madam,</SALUTE>
<SIGNED>The meane&s;t of your mo&s;t obedient Servants, P. B.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
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<HEAD><PB REF="5">
<PB N="1" REF="5">THE Life of the Renowned Sr <HI>PHILIP SIDNEY.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I.</HEAD>
<P>_THe difference which I have found between times, and con&s;equently the changes of life into which their naturall vici&s;&s;itudes doe violently carry men, as they have made deep furrowes of impre&s;&s;ions into my heart, &s;o the &s;ame heavy wheeles cau&s;e me to retire my thoughts from free traffique with the world, and ra|ther &s;eek comfortable ea&s;e or im|ployment in the &s;afe memory of
<PB N="2" REF="6">
dead men, than di&s;quiet in a doubt|full conver&s;ation among&s;t the living. Which I ingenuou&s;ly confe&s;&s;e, to be one chief motive of dedicating the&s;e exerci&s;es of my youth to that Worthy Sir <HI>Philip Sidney,</HI> &s;o long &s;ince departed. For had I grounded my ends upon active Wi&s;edomes of the pre&s;ent, or &s;ought Patronage out of hope, or fear in the future; Who knowes not, that there are &s;ome No|ble friends of mine, and many Ho|nourable Magi&s;trates yet living, un|to whom both my Fortune, and Re|putation were, and are far more &s;ub|ject? But be&s;ides this &s;elf-re&s;pect of Dedication, the debt I acknowledge to that Gentleman is farre greater, as with whom I &s;hall ever account it honour to have been brought up: and in whom the life it &s;elf of true worth, did (by way of example) far exceed the pictures of it in any moral Precepts. So that (if my creation had been equal) it would have proved as
<PB N="3" REF="6">
ea&s;ie for me, to have followed his patern, in the practice of reall vertue, as to engage my &s;elf into this <HI>Characteri&s;ticall</HI> kind of Poe&s;ie: in defence whereof he hath written &s;o much, as I &s;hall not need to &s;ay a|ny thing. For that this repre&s;enting of vertues, vices, humours, coun|&s;ells, and actions of men unfeigned, and un&s;candalous Images, is an in|abling of free-born &s;pirits to the greate&s;t affaires of States: he him&s;elf hath left &s;uch an in&s;tance in the too &s;hort &s;cene of his life, as I fear ma|ny Ages will not draw a line out of any other mans &s;phere to parallel with it.</P>
<P>For my own part, I ob&s;erved, ho|noured, and loved him &s;o much; as with what caution &s;oever I have pa&s;|&s;ed through my dayes hitherto a|among the living, yet in him I chal|lenge a kind of freedome even a|mong the dead. So that although with <HI>Socrates,</HI> I profe&s;&s;e to know no|thing
<PB N="4" REF="7">
for the pre&s;ent; yet with <HI>Ne|&s;tor</HI> I am delighted in repeating old newes of the ages pa&s;t; and will therefore &s;tir up my drooping me|mory touching this mans worth, powers, wayes, and de&s;ignes: to the end that in the tribute I owe him, our nation may &s;ee a Sea-mark, rais'd upon their native coa&s;t, above the le|vell of any private Pharos abroad: and &s;o by a right Meridian line of their own, learn to &s;ayl through the &s;traits of true vertue, into a calm, and &s;pacious Ocean of humane ho|nour.</P>
<P>It is ordinary among men to ob|&s;erve the races of hor&s;es, and breeds of other cattle. But few con&s;ider, that as divers humors mixt in mens bo|dies make different complexions; &s;o every Family hath, as it were, divers predominant qualities in it: which, as they are tempered together in Marriage, give a certain tincture to all the de&s;cent. In my time, I have
<PB N="5" REF="7">
ob&s;erved it in many hou&s;es, e&s;pecial|ly in this. Sir <HI>Henry Sidney</HI> his Father was a man of excellent naturall wit, large heart, &s;weet conver&s;ation: and &s;uch a Governour, as &s;ought not to make an end of the State in him&s;elf, but to plant his own ends in the pro|&s;perity of his Countrey. Witnes his &s;ound e&s;tabli&s;hments both in <HI>Wales,</HI> and <HI>Ireland,</HI> where his Memory is worthily grateful unto this day: how unequall, &amp; bitter &s;oever the cen&s;ure of Provincialls is u&s;ually, again&s;t &s;in|cere Monarchall Governours, e&s;pe|cially &s;uch, as though in worth and place &s;uperior, are yet in their own degrees of heraldry, inferior to them.</P>
<P>On the other &s;ide, his Mother, as &s;he was a woman by de&s;cent of great Nobility, &s;o was &s;he by nature of a large ingenuous &s;pirit. Whence, as it were even racked with native &s;trengths, &s;hee cho&s;e rather to hide her &s;elf from the curious eyes of a de|licate time, than come up on the &s;tage
<PB N="6" REF="8">
of the world with any manner of di&s;paragement, the mi&s;chance of &s;ickne&s;&s;e having ca&s;t &s;uch a kind of veile over her excellent beauty, as the mode&s;ty of that &s;ex doth many times upon their native, and heroi|call &s;pirits.</P>
<P>So that it may probably be gathe|therd, that this clearne&s;&s;e of his Fa|thers judgement, and ingenious &s;en|&s;iblene&s;&s;e of his Mothers, brought forth &s;o happy a temper in this well|mixt Ofspring of theirs, as (with|out envy be it &s;poken) Sir <HI>Philip</HI> de|&s;erves to be accompted among&s;t tho&s;e eminent Plants of our &s;oyl, which bla&s;t, or bite not, but rather &s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">tuminate, and refre&s;h the Vines, Corn, Fruits, or what&s;oever groweth under their &s;haddows. And as he was their Fir&s;t-born, &s;o was he not the contraction, but the exten&s;ion of their &s;trength, and the very aim, and perfect type of it.</P>
<P>Of who&s;e Youth I will report no
<PB N="7" REF="8">
other wonder, but this; That though I lived with him, and knew him from a child, yet I never knew him other than a man: with &s;uch &s;taiedne&s;&s;e of mind, lovely, and fa|miliar gravity, as carried grace, and reverence above greater years. His talk ever of knowledge, and his very play tending to enrich his mind: So as even his teachers found &s;ome|thing in him to ob&s;erve, and learn, above that which they had u&s;ually read, or taught. Which eminence, by nature, and indu&s;try, made his worthy Father &s;tile Sir <HI>Philip</HI> in my hearing (though I un&s;een) <HI>Lumen fa|miliae &s;uae.</HI> But why doe I mention this relative harmony of worth be|tween Father and Son? Did not his Country &s;oon after take knowledge of him as a Light, or leading Star to every degree within her? Are not the Arts and Languages, which ena|bled him to Travail at fourteen years old, and in his Travail to win
<PB N="8" REF="9">
reverence among&s;t the chief Learned men abroad, Witne&s;&s;es beyond ex|ception that there was great inequa|lity of worth and goodne&s;&s;e in him?</P>
<P>In&s;tance that reverend <HI>Languet,</HI> mentioned for honours &s;ake in Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s <HI>Arcadia,</HI> learned <HI>u&s;que ad mi|raculum;</HI> wi&s;e by the conjunction of practice in the world, with that well|grounded Theory of Books, &amp; much valued at home; till this great Worth (even in a Gentlemans for|tune) being di&s;covered for a dange|rous in&s;trument again&s;t <HI>Rome</HI> and <HI>Spain,</HI> by &s;ome &s;parkles got light e|nough, rather to &s;eek employment el&s;where, than to tarry, and be dri|ven out of his own Country with di&s;paragement. In <HI>Franckford</HI> he &s;ettles, is entertained Agent for the Duke of <HI>Saxony,</HI> and an under-hand Mini&s;ter for his own King. Lodged he was in <HI>Wechels</HI> hou&s;e, the Printer of <HI>Franckford,</HI> where Sir <HI>Philip</HI> in tra|vail chancing likewi&s;e to become a
<PB N="9" REF="9">
gue&s;t, this ingenious old mans ful|ne&s;&s;e of knowledge, travailing as much to be delivered from abun|dance by teaching, as Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s rich nature, and indu&s;try thir&s;ted to be taught, and manured; this harmony of an humble Hearer to an excel|lent Teacher, &s;o equally fitted them both, as out of a naturall de|&s;cent both in love, and plenty, the elder grew taken with a net of his own thread, and the younger taught to lift up him&s;elf by a thread of the &s;ame &s;pinning; &s;o as this reverend <HI>Languet,</HI> orderly &s;eque&s;tred from his &s;everall Functions under a mighty King, and <HI>Saxonie</HI> the greate&s;t Prince of <HI>Germany,</HI> became a Nur&s;e of knowledge to this hopefull young Gentleman, and without any other hire, or motive than this &s;ympathy of affections, accompanyed him in the whole cour&s;e of his three years travail. By which example the ju|dicious Reader may &s;ee, that Worth
<PB N="10" REF="10">
in every Nation finds her Country, Parents, Neighbours, and Friends, yea, and often, with more honour, dearne&s;&s;e, and advancement in knowledges, than any pedigree of fle&s;hly kindred, will, or can at home rai&s;e, or enlarge them unto. Nay to goe yet farther in this private in|&s;tance; It may plea&s;e the Reader to ob&s;erve, how the &s;ame parallel of worth, in what age, or e&s;tate &s;oever, as it hath power to win, &s;o hath it likewi&s;e ab&s;olute power to keep. Far unlike tho&s;e creations of chance, which hath other birds egges; and by advancing men out of chance or complement, lo&s;e them again as fa&s;t by neglect. Contrary to which, even when diver&s;ity of years, cour&s;es of life, and fortunes, enforced the&s;e dear Friends to di|vide, there yet pa&s;&s;ed &s;uch a conti|nuall cour&s;e of intelligence by Let|ters from one of them to another, as in their lo&s;&s;e (if they be lo&s;t) there be
<PB N="11" REF="10">
buried many delicate images, and differences, between the reall, and large complexions of tho&s;e active times, and the narrow <HI>&s;alves</HI> of this effeminate age: Becau&s;e in this ex|cellent mould of their friend&s;hip, the greate&s;t bu&s;ine&s;&s;es of E&s;tate were &s;o mixed with the &s;weet remi&s;&s;ions of ingenuous good will, as men might ea&s;ily di&s;cern in them (as unflatte|ring gla&s;&s;es) that wi&s;dome, and love, in good &s;pirits have great affinity to|gether. For a farther demon&s;tration, behold even the &s;ame <HI>Languet</HI> (after he was &s;ixty &s;ix years of age) fa&s;hio|ning him&s;elf a journey into <HI>England,</HI> with the Duke <HI>Ca&s;imire,</HI> onely to &s;ee that excellent Plant of his own poli|&s;hing. In which loving, and unex|pected meeting, I dare confidently affirm, neither &s;ide became lo&s;er. At the &s;ea they parted, and made many mutuall tears omnious propheciers of their never meeting again.</P>
<P>The&s;e little &s;parks of two large
<PB N="12" REF="11">
natures I make bold the longer to in&s;i&s;t upon, becau&s;e the youth, life and fortune of this Gentleman were indeed but &s;parkes of extraordina|ry greatne&s;&s;e in him: which for want of clear vent lay concealed, and in a maner &s;mothered up. And again to bring the children of favor, and change, into an equall ballance of compari&s;on with birth, worth, and education: and therein abruptly to conclude, that God creates tho&s;e in his certain, and eternall mouldes, out of which he elects for him&s;elf; where Kings choo&s;e creatures out of <HI>Pandoras</HI> Tun, and &s;o rai&s;e up worth, and no worth; friends or enemies at adventure. Therefore what mar|vail can it be, if the&s;e <HI>Iacobs,</HI> and <HI>E&s;aus</HI> &s;trive ambitiou&s;ly one with another, as well before as after they come out of &s;uch erring, and unper|fect wombes?</P>
<P>Now from the&s;e particular te&s;ti|monies to goe on with Sir <HI>Philips</HI>
<PB N="13" REF="11">
life: though he purpo&s;ed no monu|ments of books to the world, out of this great harve&s;t of knowledge; yet doe not his Arcadian Romanties live after him, admired by our foure|eyd Criticks? who, how&s;oever their common end upon common arts be to affect reputation by depraving cen&s;ure; yet where nature placeth excellencie above envy, there (it &s;eemeth) &s;he &s;ubjecteth the&s;e car|ping eyes to wander, and &s;hewes the judicious reader, how he may be nouri&s;hed in the delicacy of his own judgement.</P>
<P>For in&s;tance; may not the mo&s;t refined &s;pirits, in the &s;cope of the&s;e dead images (even as they are now) finde, that when Soveraign Prin|ces, to play with their own vi&s;ions, will put off publique action, which is the &s;plendor of Maje&s;tie, and un|actively charge the managing of their greate&s;t affaires upon the &s;e|cond-hand faith, and diligence of
<PB N="14" REF="12">
Deputies, may they not (I &s;ay) un|der&s;tand, that even then they bury them&s;elves, and their E&s;tates in a cloud of contempt, and under it both encourage, and &s;haddow the the con&s;piracies of ambitious &s;ub|alternes to their fal&s;e endes. I mean the ruine of States and Princes?</P>
<P>Again, where Kingly Parents will &s;uffer, or rather force their wives and daughters, to de&s;cend from the inequality and re&s;ervedne&s;&s;e of Princely education, into the con|temptible familiarity, and popular freedome of Shepherds; may we not di&s;cern that even therein they give tho&s;e Royall birthes warrant, or opportunity, to break over all cir|cles of honor, &s;afe-guards to the mode&s;ty of that &s;ex; and withall make them fraily, apt to change the commanding manners of Prince|ly Birth, into the degrading images of &s;ervile ba&s;ene&s;&s;e? La&s;tly, where humor takes away this pomp, and
<PB N="15" REF="12">
<HI>apparatus</HI> from King, Crown, and Scepter, to make fear a Coun&s;ellor, and ob&s;curity a wi&s;dom; be that King at home what the current, or credit of his former Government, for a a while, may keep him: yet he is &s;ure among forrain Princes to be ju&s;tly cen&s;ured as a Princely Shepherd, or Shepherdi&s;h King: which creatures of &s;corn &s;eldome fail to become fit &s;acrifices for home-born di&s;content|ments, or ambitious forrain &s;pirits to undertake, and offer up.</P>
<P>Againe, who &s;ees not the chance|able arrivall of <HI>Euarchus</HI> into <HI>Arca|dia;</HI> his unexpected election to the temporary Soveraignty of that State; his &s;itting in a cloudy &s;eat of judge|ment, to give &s;entence (under a ma&s;k of Shepherds) again&s;t his Son, Nephew, Neeces, the immediate &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ors to that Scepter; and all accu|&s;ed and condemned of rape, pari|cide, adulteries, or trea&s;ons, by their own Lawes: I &s;ay who &s;ees not, that
<PB N="16" REF="13">
the&s;e dark webs of effeminate Prin|ces be dangerous forerunners of in|novation, even in a quiet, and e|qually tempered people? So that if Sir <HI>Philips</HI> had not made the integri|ty of this forrain King an image of more con&s;tant, pure, and higher &s;train, than nature makes tho&s;e or|dinary mouldes, wherein &s;he fa&s;hion|eth earthly Princes, even this op|portunity, and map of de&s;olation prepared for <HI>Euarchus,</HI> wherein he &s;aw all the &s;ucce&s;&s;ors of this Pro|vince ju&s;tly condemned under his own &s;entence, would have rai&s;ed up &s;pecious rights, or pretences for new ambition in him; and upon the ne|ver-failing pillars of occa&s;ion, ama|&s;ednes of people, and &s;ad offer of glorious novelties, have tempted him to e&s;tabli&s;h this Election for a time, &s;ucce&s;&s;ively, to him and his for ever?</P>
<P>To be &s;hort, the like, and finer mo|ralities offer them&s;elves throughout
<PB N="17" REF="13">
that various, and dainty work of his, for &s;ounder judgements to exerci&s;e their Spirits in; &s;o that if the infancie of the&s;e <HI>Ideas,</HI> determining in the fir&s;t generation, yield the ingenuous Reader &s;uch plea&s;ant &amp; profitable di|ver&s;ity, both of flowers, and fruits, let him conceive, if this excellent Image-maker had liv'd to fini&s;h, and bring to perfection this extraordinary frame of his own Common-wealth: I meane, the return of <HI>Ba&s;ilius,</HI> from his dreames of humor, to the honor of his former E&s;tate; the marriage of the two &s;i&s;ters with the two excel|lent Princes; their i&s;&s;ue; the warres &s;tirred up by <HI>Amphialus;</HI> his marriage with <HI>Helena;</HI> their &s;ucce&s;&s;ions; toge|ther with the incident Magnificen|ces, pompes of &s;tate, providences of councells in treaties of peace, or ali|ance, &s;ummons of warres, and or|derly execution of their di&s;orders; I &s;ay, what a large field an active able &s;pirit &s;hould have had to walk in, let
<PB N="18" REF="14">
the advi&s;ed Reader conceive with grief. E&s;pecially if he plea&s;e to take knowledge, that in all the&s;e creatures of his making, his intent, and &s;cope was, to turn the barren Philo&s;phy precepts into pregnant Images of life; and in them, fir&s;t on the Mo|narch's part, lively to repre&s;ent the growth, &s;tate, and declination of Princes, change of Government, and lawes: vici&s;&s;itudes of &s;edition, facti|on, &s;ucce&s;&s;ion, confederacies, plan|tations, with all other errors, or al|terations in publique affaires. Then again in the &s;ubjects ca&s;e; the &s;tate of favor, di&s;favor, pro&s;peritie, ad|ver&s;ity, emulation, quarrell, under|taking, retiring, ho&s;pitality, travail, and all other moodes of private for|tunes, or misfortunes. <GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">n which tra|ver&s;es (I know) his purpo&s;e was to limn out &s;uch exact pictures, of every po&s;ture in the minde, that any man being forced, in the &s;traines of this life, to pa&s;s through any &s;traights, or
<PB N="19" REF="14">
latitudes of good, or ill fortune, might (as in a gla&s;&s;e) &s;ee how to &s;et a good countenance upon all the di&s;|countenances of adver&s;itie, and a &s;tay upon the exorbitant &s;miling of chance.</P>
<P>Now, as I know this was the fir&s;t project of the&s;e workes, rich (like his youth) in the freedome of affecti|ons, wit, learning, &s;tile, form, and facilitie, to plea&s;e others: &s;o mu&s;t I again (as ingenuou&s;ly) confe&s;s, that when his body declined, and his piercing inward powers were lifted up to a purer Horizon, he then di&s;|covered, not onely the imperfecti|on, but vanitie of the&s;e &s;hadowes, how daintily &s;oever limned: as &s;ee|ing that even beauty it &s;elf, in all earthly complexions, was more apt to allure men to evill, than to fa&s;hion any goodne&s;s in them. And from this ground, in that memorable te|&s;tament of his, he bequeathed no o|ther legacie, but the fire, to this un|poli&s;hed
<PB N="20" REF="15">
Embrio. From which fate it is onely re&s;erved, untill the world hath purged away all her more gro&s;s corruptions.</P>
<P>Again, they that knew him well, will truly confe&s;s, this <HI>Arcadia</HI> of his to be, both in form, and matter, as much inferior to that unbounded &s;pirit of his, as the indu&s;try and Ima|ges of other mens works, are many times rai&s;ed above the writers capa|cities: and be&s;ides acknowledge, that how&s;oever he could not choo&s;e but give them many a&s;per&s;ions of &s;pirit, and learning from the Father; yet that they were &s;cribled rather as pamphlets, for entertainment of time, and friends, than any ac|compt of him&s;elf to the world. Be|cau&s;e if his pupo&s;e had been to leave his memory in books, I am confident, in the right u&s;e of Logick, Philo&s;ophy, Hi&s;tory, and Po&euml;&s;ie, nay even in the mo&s;t ingenuous of Me|chanicall Arts, he would have &s;hew|ed
<PB N="21" REF="15">
&s;uch tracts of a &s;earching, and ju|dicious &s;pirit; as the profe&s;&s;ors of every faculty would have &s;triven no le&s;s for him, than the &s;eaven Cities did to have <HI>Homer</HI> of their Sept. But the truth is: his end was not wri|ting, even while he wrote; nor his knowledge moulded for tables, or &s;chooles; but both his wit, and un|der&s;tanding bent upon his heart, to make him&s;elf, and others, not in words or opinion, but in life, and action, good and great.</P>
<P>In which Architectonical art he was &s;uch a Ma&s;ter, with &s;o commending, and yet equall waies among&s;t men, that wher&s;oever he went, he was be|loved, and obeyed: yea into what Action &s;oever he came la&s;t at the fir&s;t, he became fir&s;t at the la&s;t: the whole managing of the bu&s;ine&s;s, not by u&s;urpation, or violence, but (as it were) by right, and acknowledg|ment, falling into his hands, as into a naturall Center.</P>
<P><PB N="22" REF="16">
By which onely commendable monopolie of alluring, and impro|ving men, how the &s;ame drawes all windes after it in fair weather: &s;o did the influence of this &s;pirit draw mens affections and undertakings to depend upon him.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II.</HEAD>
<P>HEre I am &s;till enforced to bring pregnant evidence from the dead: among&s;t whom I have found far more liberall contribution to the honor of true worth, than among tho&s;e which now live; and in the market of &s;elfne&s;&s;e, traffique new intere&s;t by the di&s;credit of old friends: that ancient wi&s;dome of righting enemies, being utterly worn out of date in our modern di&s;ci|pline.</P>
<P>My fir&s;t in&s;tance mu&s;t come from
<PB N="23" REF="16">
that worthy Prince of <HI>Orange, Willi|am</HI> of <HI>Na&s;&s;au,</HI> with whom this young Gentleman having long kept intelli|gence by word, and letters, and in affaires of the hige&s;t nature that then pa&s;&s;ed currant upon the &s;tages of <HI>England, France, Germany, Italy,</HI> the low Countries, or <HI>Spaine,</HI> it &s;eemes that this young Gentleman had, by his mutuall freedome, &s;o im|printed the extraordinary merit of his young yeares into the large wi&s;|dome, and experience of that excel|lent Ptince, as I pa&s;&s;ing out of <HI>Ger|many</HI> into <HI>England,</HI> and having the unexpected honor to finde this Prince in the Town <HI>Delph,</HI> cannot think it unwelcome to de&s;cribe the clothes of this Prince; his po&s;ture of body, and minde, familiarity, and re|&s;ervedne&s;s to ths ingenuous Reader, that he may &s;ee with what diver&s;e Characters Princes plea&s;e, and Go|vern Cities, Townes, and Peoples.</P>
<P>His uppermo&s;t garment was a
<PB N="24" REF="17">
gown, yet &s;uch as (I dare confident|ly affirm) a mean-born &s;tudent, in our Innes of Court, would not have been well-plea&s;ed to walk the &s;treets in. Unbuttoned his doubled was, and of like precious matter, and form to the other. His wa&s;t-coat (which &s;hewed it &s;elf under it) not unlike the be&s;t &s;ort of tho&s;e wollen knit ones, which our ordinary wa|termen row us in. His Company a|bout him, the Burge&s;&s;es of that beer|brewing Town: and he &s;o fellow|like encompa&s;&s;ed with them, as (had I not known his face) no ex|terior &s;igne of degree, or de&s;erved|ne&s;s could have di&s;covered the ine|quality of his worth or E&s;tate from that multitude Not with&s;tanding I no &s;ooner came to his pre&s;ence, but it plea&s;ed him to take knowledge of me And even upon that (as if it had been a &s;ignall to make a change) his re&s;pect of a &s;tranger in&s;tantly begat re&s;pect to him&s;elf in all about him:
<PB N="25" REF="17">
An outward pa&s;&s;age of inward greatne&s;s, which in a popular E|&s;tate I thought worth the ob&s;erving. Becau&s;e there, no pedigree but worth could po&s;&s;ibly make a man Prince, and no Prince, in a moment, at his own plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>The bu&s;ine&s;&s;es which he then vouch&s;afed to impart with me were, the dangerous fate which the Crown of <HI>England,</HI> States of <HI>Germany,</HI> and the Low Countries did &s;tand threat|ned with, under an ambitious, and conquering Monarch's hand. The main in&s;tance, a &s;hort de&s;crip|on of the Spaniards curious affecting to keep the Romans waies, and ends, in all his actions. On the other &s;ide, the clear &s;ymptomes of the Hectique feaver, univer&s;ally then reigning among the Princes of Chri&s;tendome, ordain'd (as he thought) to behold this undermi|ning di&s;ea&s;e without fear, till it &s;hould prove dangerous, nay incu|rable
<PB N="26" REF="18">
to them. This active King of <HI>Spain</HI> having put on a mask of con|&s;cience, to cover an invi&s;ible conjun|ction between the temporal, and &s;pi|ritual ambitions, of the&s;e two &s;ome|times creeping, &s;ometimes comman|ding Romi&s;h and Spani&s;h Conque|rors. The particulars were many, both excellent and enlightning.</P>
<P>As fir&s;t, the fatall neutrality of <HI>France,</HI> jealous of the Spani&s;h great|ne&s;s, as already both wrong'd, and threatned by it: and yet their Kings &s;o full of plea&s;ures, and con&s;equently &s;o ea&s;ily &s;atisfied with the comple|ments of words, treaties, or alliances, and &s;ince the fall of the <HI>Sorboni&s;ts,</HI> their own exempted Church &s;o ab|&s;olutely po&s;&s;e&s;t, and govern'd by the Je&s;uits; as through the bewithing li|berties, and bondages of Auricular confe&s;&s;ion, they were rather wrought to re&s;t upon a vain &s;ecurity of repu|ted &s;trength, than really to hazzard lo&s;s, and help them&s;elves by diver&s;i|on, or a&s;&s;ailing.</P>
<P><PB N="27" REF="18">
Againe, on the Queens part, by the way of que&s;tion, he &s;uppo&s;ed a little neglect in her Princely mildne&s;s, while &s;he did &s;uffer a Prote&s;tant par|ty, rais'd by God in that great King|dome of <HI>France,</HI> to be a ballance or counterpea&s;e to that dangerous <HI>Hep|tarchy of Spain</HI> (then &s;carce vi&s;ible, but &s;ince multiplyed by an unre&s;i&s;t|able greatne&s;&s;e) I &s;ay, for &s;uffering this &s;trong and faithfull party (through want of imployment) to &s;ink into it &s;elf, and &s;o unactively (like a Meteor) to vani&s;h, or &s;mother out, in vain and idle apparitions. Withall reverently hee demurr'd, whether it were an omi&s;&s;ion in that excellent Ladies Government, or no, by a remi&s;&s;e looking on, whil&s;t the <HI>Au&s;trian</HI> a&s;piring family framed occa|&s;ion to gain by begging peace, or buying war from the Grand Signior; and both exceeding much to their own ends; In re&s;pect that once in few years, this Emperor made him|&s;elf
<PB N="28" REF="19">
Generall by it, over all the for|ces of Chri&s;tendome; and thereby gained the fame of action; trained up his owne In&s;truments Martially, and got credit with his fellow-bor|dering Princes, through the com|mon Councell, or participation of fear. Be&s;ides that in the conclu&s;ions of peace, he ever &s;aved a ma&s;s of riches gather'd by Diets, Contributi|ons, Devotions, and Levies for com|mon defence, which out of the ill-ac|compting hand of war, became (in his Exchequer) Trea&s;ure, to terrifie even tho&s;e Chri&s;tian neighbours that did contribute to it. And the more e&s;pecially he in&s;i&s;ted upon this: be|cau&s;e all tho&s;e crafty Pageants of her enemies were di&s;gui&s;edly acted, even whil&s;t her Maje&s;ty had an Agent of extraordinary diligence, worth, and credit with that va&s;t E&s;tate of Tur|kie, into who&s;e ab&s;olute and imperi|ous &s;pirit, without any further charge than infu&s;ing the jealou&s;ies of
<PB N="29" REF="19">
competition, the&s;e practi&s;es among tho&s;e Au&s;trian u&s;urpers, might ea&s;ily have been interrupted.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, it plea&s;ed him to que&s;tion yet a greater over-&s;ight in both the&s;e Kingdoms, <HI>England,</HI> and <HI>France:</HI> Be|cau&s;e while their Princes &s;tood at gaze, as upon things far off, they &s;till gave way for the Popi&s;h, and Spani&s;h invi&s;ible Arts, and Coun&s;els, to un|dermine the greatne&s;s, and freedom both of Secular and Eccle&s;ia&s;ticall Princes: a mortall &s;ickne&s;s in that va&s;t body of <HI>Germany,</HI> and by their in&s;en&s;ible fall, a rai&s;ing up of the hou&s;e of <HI>Austria</HI> many &s;teps towards her long affected Monarchy over the We&s;t. The ground of which opinion was (as he thought) in re&s;pect that even the Catholique Princes, and Bi|&s;hops them&s;elves (had their eyes bin well wakened) would never have en|dured any cloud, or colour of Reli|gion, to hape changed their Princely Soveraignties into &s;uch a kind of
<PB N="30" REF="20">
low, and Chaplaine tenure: as &s;ince they have &s;leepily fallen into: but would rather have &s;tirred them with many hands, to binde this Miter-&s;u|per&s;tition, with the reall cords of truth. And to that end perchance have &s;et <HI>Spain</HI> on work with her new, and ill dige&s;ted Conque&s;ts: her dangerous enemie <HI>Fe&s;s:</HI> her native <HI>Moors,</HI> and <HI>Iews</HI> (&s;ince craftily tran&s;ported) and &s;o probably have troubled the u&s;urpations both of the <HI>Pope,</HI> and <HI>Spain,</HI> over that well-tem|pered, though over-zealous, and &s;u|per&s;titions Region of <HI>It a'y.</HI> The&s;e, and &s;uch other particulars, as I had in charge, and did faithfully deliver from him to her Maje&s;ty, are &s;ince performed, or peri&s;hed with time, or occa&s;ion.</P>
<P>The la&s;t branch was his free ex|pre&s;&s;ing of him&s;elfe in the honour of Sir <HI>Philip Sidney,</HI> after this manner: That I would fir&s;t commend his own humble &s;ervice, with tho&s;e
<PB N="31" REF="20">
fore-mentioned Ideas to the Queen; and after crave leave of her freely to open his knowledge, and opinion of a Fellow-&s;ervant of his, that (as he heard) lived unimployed under her. With him&s;elfe he began <HI>ab ovo,</HI> as ha|ving been of <HI>Charles</HI> the fift's Privie Coun&s;ell, before he was one and twenty years of age: and &s;ince (as the world knew) either an Actor, or at lea&s;t acquainted with the greate&s;t actions, and affairs of <HI>Europe;</HI> and likewi&s;e with her greate&s;t men, and mini&s;ters of E&s;tate. In all which &s;e|ries of time, multitude of things, and per&s;ons, he prote&s;ted unto mee (and for her &s;ervice) that if he could judge, her Maje&s;ty had one of the ri|pe&s;t, and greate&s;t Coun&s;ellors of E|&s;tate in Sir <HI>Philip Sidney,</HI> that at this day lived in <HI>Europe:</HI> to the triall of which hee was plea&s;ed to leave his owne credit engaged, untill her Ma|je&s;ty might plea&s;e to employ this Gentleman, either among&s;t her friends or enemies.</P>
<P><PB N="32" REF="21">
At my return into <HI>England,</HI> I per|formed all his other co~mandments; this that concerned Sir <HI>Philip</HI> (thin|king to make the fine-&s;pun threads of Friend&s;hip more firm between them) I acquainted Sir <HI>Philip</HI> with: not as que&s;tioning, but fully re&s;olved to doe it. Unto which he at the fir&s;t &s;ight oppo&s;ing, di&s;charged my faith impawn'd to the Prince of <HI>Orange,</HI> for the delivery of it; as an act only entending his good, and &s;o to be per|form'd, or di&s;pens'd with at his plea|&s;ure; yet for my &s;atisfaction freely added the&s;e words: fir&s;t, that the Qu. had the life it &s;elf daily attending her: and if &s;he either did not, or would not value it &s;o highly, the commendation of that worthy Prince could be no more (at the be&s;t) than a lively picture of that life, and &s;o of far le&s;&s;e credit, and e&s;timation with her. His next rea&s;on was, be|cau&s;e Princes love not that forrain Powers &s;hould have extraordinary
<PB N="33" REF="21">
in their Subjects; much le&s;&s;e to be taught by them how they &s;hould place their own: as arguments either upbraiding ignorance, or lack of large rewarding goodne&s;s in them</P>
<P>This Narration I adventure of, to &s;hew the clearne&s;s, and readine&s;s of this Gentlemans judgement, in all degrees, and offices of life: with this farther te&s;timony of him; that after mature deliberation being once re|&s;olved, he never brought any que&s;ti|on of change to afflict him&s;elf with, or perplex the bu&s;ine&s;s; but left the &s;ucce&s;s to his will, that governs the blinde pro&s;perities, and unpro&s;peri|ties of Chance; and &s;o works out his own ends by the erring frailties of humane rea&s;on and affection. La&s;tly, to manife&s;t that the&s;e were not com|plements, &s;elf-ends, or u&s;e of each o|ther, according to our modern fa&s;hi|on&punc; but meer ingenuities of &s;pirit, to which the ancient greatne&s;s of hearts ever frankly engaged their Fortunes,
<PB N="34" REF="22">
let Actions, the lawfully begotten children, equall in &s;pirit, &s;hape, and complexion to their parents, be te&s;ti|monies ever &s;ufficient.</P>
<P>My &s;econd in&s;tance comes from the Earle of <HI>Leice&s;ter</HI> his unckle, who told me (after Sir <HI>Philips,</HI> and not long before his own death) that when he undertook the government of the Low Countries, he carryed his Nephew over with him, as one a|mong&s;t the re&s;t, not only de&s;pi&s;ing his youth for a Coun&s;ellor, but with|all bearing a hand over him as a for|ward young man. Notwith&s;tanding, in &s;hort time he &s;aw this Sun &s;o ri&s;en above his Horizon, that both he and all his Stars were glad to fetch light from him. And in the end acknow|leged that he held up the honor of his ca&s;ual authority by him, whil&s;t he li|ved, &amp; found rea&s;o~ to withdraw him|&s;elf from that burthen, after his death.</P>
<P>My third record is Sir <HI>Francis Wal|&s;ingham</HI> his Father-in-law; that
<PB N="35" REF="22">
wi&s;e, and active Secretarie. This man (as the world knows) upheld both Religion and State, by u&s;ing a policy wi&s;ely mixt with reflexions of ei|ther. He had influence in all Coun|tries, &amp; a hand upon all affairs; Yet e|ven this man hath often confe&s;&s;ed to my &s;elf, that his <HI>Philip</HI> did &s;o far over-&s;hoot him in his own Bow, as tho&s;e friends which at fir&s;t were Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s for this Secretaries &s;ake, within a while became &s;o fully owned, and po&s;&s;e&s;t by Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> as now he held them at the &s;econd hand, by his Son|in-laws native courte&s;ie.</P>
<P>This is that true remi&s;&s;ion of mind, whereof I would gladly have the world take notice from the&s;e dead mens a&s;hes: to the end that we might once again &s;ee that ingenuity a|mong&s;t men, which by liberall bea|ring witne&s;&s;e to the merits of others, &s;hews they have &s;ome true worth of their own; and are not meerly lovers of them&s;elves, without rivals.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="36" REF="23">
<HEAD>CHAP. III.</HEAD>
<P>TO continue this pa&s;&s;age a little further: I mu&s;t lift him above the cen&s;ure of Subjects, and give you an account what re&s;pect, and honour his worth wanne him a|mong&s;t the mo&s;t eminent Monarchs of that time. As fir&s;t with that chief, and be&s;t of Princes, his mo&s;t excel|lent Maje&s;ty, then King of <HI>Scotland,</HI> to whom his &s;ervice was affectio|nately devoted, and from whom he received many pledges of love, and favour.</P>
<P>In like manner, with the late re|nowned <HI>Henry</HI> of <HI>France,</HI> then of <HI>Na|varre,</HI> who having mea&s;ured, and ma&s;tered all the &s;pirits in his own Nation, found out this Ma&s;ter-&s;pirit among us, and u&s;ed him like an e|quall in nature, and &s;o fit for friend|&s;hip with a King.</P>
<P><PB N="37" REF="23">
Again, that gallant Prince <HI>Don John de Au&s;tria,</HI> Vice-Roy in the Low Countries for <HI>Spain,</HI> when this Gentleman in his Emba&s;&s;age to the Emperor came to ki&s;s his hand, though at the fir&s;t, in his Spani&s;h haughture, he gave him acce&s;s as by de&s;cent to a youth, of grace as to a &s;tranger, and in particular competi|tion (as he conceived) to an enemy; yet after a while that he had taken his ju&s;t altitude, he found him&s;elf &s;o &s;tricken with this extraordinary Planet, that the beholders wondered to &s;ee what ingenuous tribute that brave, and high minded Prince paid to his worth; giving more honour and re&s;pect to this hopefull young Gentleman, than to the Emba&s;&s;a|dors of mighty Priuces.</P>
<P>But to climb yet a degree higher: In what due e&s;timation his extraor|dinary Worth was, even among&s;t e|nemies, will appear by his death. When <HI>Mendoza,</HI> a Secretary of many
<PB N="38" REF="24">
Trea&s;ons again&s;t us, acknowledged openly; That how&s;oever he was glad King <HI>Philip</HI> his Ma&s;ter had lo&s;t, in a private Gentleman, a dangerous Enemy to his E&s;tate; yet he could not but lament to &s;ee Chri&s;tendome depriv'd of &s;o rare a Light in the&s;e cloudy times; and bewail poor Widdow <HI>England</HI> (&s;o he term'd her) that having been many years in bree|ding one eminent &s;pirit, was in a mo|ment bereaved of him, by the hands of a villain.</P>
<P>Indeed he was a true modell of Worth; A man fit for Conque&s;t, Plantation, Reformation, or what Action &s;oever is greate&s;t, and har|de&s;t among&s;t men: Withall, &s;uch a lover of Mankind, and Goodne&s;&s;e, that who&s;oever had any reall parts, in him found comfort, participation, and protection to the uttermo&s;t of his power; like <HI>Zephyrus</HI> he giving life where he blew. The Univer&s;i|ties abroad, and at home, accompted
<PB N="39" REF="24">
him a generall <HI>Mecaenas</HI> of Learning; Dedicated their Books to him; and communicated every Invention, or Improvement of Knowledge with him. Souldiers honoured him, and were &s;o honoured by him, as no man thought he marched under the true Banner of <HI>Mars,</HI> that had not obtai|ned Sir <HI>Philip Sidney</HI>'s approbation. Men of Affairs in mo&s;t parts of Chri|&s;tendome, entertained corre&s;pon|dency with him. But what &s;peak I of the&s;e, with whom his own waies, and ends did concur? &s;ince (to de|&s;cend) his heart, and capacity were &s;o large, that there was not a cun|ning Painter, a &s;kilfull Engenier, an excellent Mu&s;ician, or any other Ar|tificer of extraordinary fame, that made not him&s;elf known to this fa|mous Spirit, and found him his true friend without hire; and the com|mon <HI>Reude-vous</HI> of Worth in his time.</P>
<P>Now let Princes vouch&s;afe to con|&s;ider,
<PB N="40" REF="25">
of what importance it is to the honour of them&s;elves, and their E|&s;tates, to have one man of &s;uch emi|nence; not onely as a nouri&s;her of vertue in their Courts, or &s;ervice; but be&s;ides for a reformed Standard, by which even the mo&s;t humorous per|&s;ons could not but have a reverend ambition to be tried, and approved currant. This I doe the more con|fidently affirm, becau&s;e it will be confe&s;&s;ed by all men, that this one mans example, and per&s;onall re&s;pect, did not onely encourage Learning, and Honour in the Schooles, but brought the affection, and true u&s;e thereof both into the Court, and Camp. Nay more, even many Gen|tlemen excellently learned among&s;t us will not deny, but that they af|fected to row, and &s;teer their cour&s;e in his wake. Be&s;ides which honour of unequall nature, and education, his very waies in the world, did generally adde reputation to his
<PB N="41" REF="25">
Prince, and Country, by re&s;toring among&s;t us the ancient Maje&s;tie of noble, and true dealing: As a manly wi&s;dome, that can no more be weighed down, by any effeminate craft, than <HI>Hercules</HI> could be over|come by that contemptible Army of Dwarfs. This was it which, I pro|fe&s;s, I loved dearly in him, and &s;till &s;hall be glad to honour in the great men of this time: I mean, that his heart and tongue went both one way, and &s;o with every one that went with the Truth; as knowing no other kindred, partie, or end.</P>
<P>Above all, he made the Religion he profe&s;&s;ed, the firm Ba&s;is of his life: For thls was his judgement (as he often told me) that our true-heart|edne&s;&s;e to the Reformed Religion in the beginning, brought Peace, Safetie, and Freedome to us; con|cluding, that the wi&s;e&s;t, and be&s;t way, was that of the famous <HI>William</HI> Prince of <HI>Orange,</HI> who never divided
<PB N="42" REF="26">
the con&s;ideration of E&s;tate from the cau&s;e of Religion, nor gave that &s;ound party occa&s;ion to be jealous, or di&s;tracted, upon any apparance of &s;afety what&s;oever; prudently re&s;ol|ving, that to temporize with the E|nemies of our Faith, was but (as a|mong Sea-guls) a &s;trife, not to keep upright, but aloft upon the top of every billow: Which fal&s;e-hearted|ne&s;&s;e to God and man, would in the end find it &s;elf for&s;aken of both; as Sir <HI>Philip</HI> conceived. For to this active &s;pirit of his, all depths of the Devill proved but &s;hallow fords; he piercing into mens coun&s;els, and ends, not by their words, oathes, or complements, all barren in that age, but by fathoming their hearts, and powers, by their deeds, and found no wi&s;dome where he found no courage, nor courage without wi&s;dome nor either without hone|&s;ty and truth. With which &s;olid, and active reaches of his, I am per|&s;waded,
<PB N="43" REF="26">
he would have found, or made a way through all the traver|&s;es, even of the mo&s;t weak and irre|gular times. But it plea&s;ed God in this decrepit age of the world, not to re&s;tore the image of her ancient vigour in him, otherwi&s;e than as in a lightning before death.</P>
<P>Neither am I (for my part) &s;o much in love with this life, nor be|lieve &s;o little in a better to come, as to complain of God for taking him, and &s;uch like exorbitant worthyne&s;s from us: fit (as it were by an O&s;tra|ci&s;me) to be divided, and not incor|porated with our corruptions: yet for the &s;incere affection I bear to my Prince, and Country, my prayer to God is, that this Worth, and Way may not fatally be buried with him; in re&s;pect, that both before his time, and &s;ince, experience hath publi&s;hed the u&s;uall di&s;cipline of greatnes to have been tender of it &s;elf onely; making honour a triumph, or rather
<PB N="44" REF="27">
trophy of de&s;ire, &s;et up in the eyes of Mankind, either to be wor&s;hiped as Idols, or el&s;e as Rebels to peri&s;h under her glorious oppre&s;&s;ions. Notwith&s;tanding, when the pride of fle&s;h, and power of favour &s;hall cea&s;e in the&s;e by death, or di&s;grace; what then hath time to regi&s;ter, or fame to publi&s;h in the&s;e great mens names, that will not be offen&s;ive, or infecti|ous to others? What Pen without blotting can write the &s;tory of their deeds? Or what Herald blaze their Arms without a blemi&s;h? And as for their coun&s;els and projects, when they come once to light, &s;hall they not live as noy&s;ome, and loath&s;ome|ly above ground, as their Authors carka&s;&s;es lie in the grave? So as the return of &s;uch greatnes to the world, and them&s;elves, can be but private reproach, publique ill example, and a fatall &s;corn to the Government they live in. Sir <HI>Philip Sidney</HI> is none of this number; for the greatne&s;s
<PB N="45" REF="27">
which he affected was built upon true Worth; e&s;teeming Fame more than Riches, and Noble actions far above Nobility it &s;elf.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV.</HEAD>
<P>ANd although he never was Ma|gi&s;trate, nor po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed of any fit &s;tage for eminence to act upon, wher|by there is &s;mall latitude left for comparing him with tho&s;e decea&s;ed Worthies, that to this day live un|envied in &s;tory; Yet can I probably &s;ay, that if any &s;upreme Magi&s;tra|cie, or employment, might have &s;hewed forth this Gentlemans Worth, the World &s;hould have found him neither a mixt <HI>Ly&s;ander,</HI> with unactive goodne&s;s to have cor|rupted indifferent Citizens; nor yet like that gallant Libertine <HI>Sylla,</HI> with
<PB N="46" REF="28">
a tyrannizing hand, and ill exam|ple, to have ordered the di&s;&s;olute people of <HI>Rome;</HI> much le&s;s with that unexperienced <HI>Themi&s;tocles,</HI> to have refu&s;ed, in the &s;eat of Ju&s;tice, to deale equally between friends and &s;trangers. So that as we &s;ay, the ab&s;tract name of goodne&s;s is great, and generally currant; her nature hard to imitate, and diver&s;ly wor|&s;hipped, according to Zones, com|plexions, or education; admired by her enemies, yet ill followed by her friends: So I may well &s;ay, that this Gentlemans large, yet uniform di&s;|po&s;ition was every where prai&s;ed; greater in him&s;elf than in the world; yet greater there in fame and honour than many of his &s;uperiors; reveren|ced by forrain Nations in one form, of his own in another; ea&s;ily cen&s;u|red, hardly imitated; and therefore no received Standard at home, be|cau&s;e his indu&s;try, judgement, and affections, perchance &s;eemed too
<PB N="47" REF="28">
great for the cautious wi&s;domes of little Monarchies to be &s;afe in. Not|with&s;tanding, who&s;oever will be plea&s;ed indifferently to weigh his life, actions, intentions, and death, &s;hall find he had &s;o &s;weetly yoaked fame and con&s;cience together in a large heart; as inequality of worth, or place in him, could not have been other than humble obedience, even to a petty Tyrant of <HI>Sicily.</HI> Be&s;ides, this ingenuitie of his nature did &s;pread it &s;elf &s;o freely abroad, as who lives that can &s;ay he ever did him harm; whereas there be many li|ving, that may thankfully acknow|ledge he did them good? Neither was this in him a private, but a pub|lique affection; his chief ends being not Friends, Wife, Children, or him|&s;elf; but above all things the honour of his Maker, and &s;ervice of his Prince, or Country.</P>
<P>Now though his &s;hort life, and private fortune, were (as I &s;ayd) no
<PB N="48" REF="29">
proper &s;tages to act any greatne&s;s of good, or evill upon; yet are there (even from the&s;e little centers of his) lines to be drawn, not A&s;trono|micall, or imaginary, but reall linea|ments, but &s;uch as infancy is of mans|e&s;tate; out of which nature often &s;parkleth brighter rayes in &s;ome, than ordinarily appear in the ripe|ne&s;s of many others. For proof wher|of, I will pa&s;s from the te&s;timonie of brave mens words, to his own deeds. What lights of &s;ounder wi&s;|dome can we a&s;cribe to our greate&s;t men of affairs than he &s;hewed in his youth, and fir&s;t employment, when he was &s;ent by the late <HI>Queen</HI> of fa|mous memory, to condole the death of <HI>Maximilian,</HI> and congratulate the &s;ucce&s;&s;ion of <HI>Rodolph</HI> to the Empire? For under the &s;haddow of this com|plement between Princes, which &s;orted better with his youth than his &s;pirit, Did he not, to improve that journey, and make it a reall &s;ervice
<PB N="49" REF="29">
to the Empire? For under the &s;ha|dow of this complement between Princes, which &s;orted better with his youth than his &s;pirit, did he not, to improve that journey, and make it a real &s;ervice to his Soveraign, pro|cure an Article to be added to his In&s;tructions, which gave him &s;cope (as he pa&s;&s;ed) to &s;alute &s;uch <HI>German</HI> Princes, as were intere&s;ted in the cau&s;e of our Religion, or their own native liberty?</P>
<P>And though to negotiate with that long-breathed Nation proves com|monly a work in &s;teel, where many &s;troaks hardly leave any print; yet did this Ma&s;ter <HI>Genius</HI> quickly &s;tir up their cautious, and &s;low judge|ments to be &s;en&s;ible of the danger which threatned them hourely, by this fatall conjunction of <HI>Rome</HI>'s un|dermining &s;uper&s;titions, with the commanding forces of <HI>Spain.</HI> And when he had once awaked that con|fident Nation to look up, he as ea|&s;ily
<PB N="50" REF="30">
made manife&s;t unto them, that neither their inland &s;eat, va&s;t multi|tude, confu&s;ed &s;trength, wealth, nor hollow-&s;ounding Fame could &s;ecure their Dominions from the ambition of this brave a&s;piring Empire; how|&s;oever by the like helps they had formerly bounded the &s;ame Roman, and Au&s;trian &s;upremacies. The rea|&s;ons he alleged were, becau&s;e the manner of their conjunction was not like the ancient undertakers, who made open war by Proclamation; but craftily (from the infu&s;ion of <HI>Rome)</HI> to enter fir&s;t by invi&s;ible traf|fique of &s;ouls; filling peoples minds with apparitions of holines, &s;pecious Rites, Saints, Miracles, in&s;titutions of new Orders, reformations of old, ble&s;&s;ings of Catholiques, cur&s;ings of Heretiques, Thunder bolts of Ex|communication under the authority of their Mother Church. And when by the&s;e &s;hadows they had gotten po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the weak, di&s;couraged
<PB N="51" REF="30">
the &s;trong, divided the doubtful, and finely lulled inferior powers a&s;leep; as the ancient Romans were wont to tame forrain nations with the name <HI>Socij;</HI> then to follow on with the Spani&s;h, le&s;s &s;pirituall, but more for|cible Engines, <HI>viz.</HI> practice, confede|racy, faction, money, treaties, leagues of tra&s;&s;ique, alliance by marriages, charge of rebellion, war, and all other acts of advantagious power.</P>
<P>La&s;tly he recalled to their memo|ries, how by this brotherhood in e|vill (like <HI>Simeon,</HI> and <HI>Levi) Rome</HI> and <HI>Spain</HI> had &s;pilt &s;o much bloud, as they were ju&s;tly become the terror of all Governments; and could now be with&s;tood, or ballanced by no other means, than a general league in Religion: Con&s;tantly and truely affirming, that to a&s;&s;ociate by an u|niform bond of con&s;cience, for the protection (as I &s;aid) of Religion, and Liberty, would prove a more &s;o|lid union, and &s;ymbolize far better a|gain&s;t
<PB N="52" REF="31">
their Tyrannies, than any Fa|ctious combination in policy, league of &s;tate, or other traffique of Civill, or Martial humors po&s;&s;ibly could do.</P>
<P>To this end did that undertaking &s;pirit lay, or at lea&s;t revive the foun|dation of a league between us, and the <HI>German</HI> Princes, which continues firme to this day: The defen&s;ive part whereof hath hitherto helped to &s;uport the ruines of our Church a|broad, and diverted her enemies from the ancient ways of ho&s;tility, unto their <HI>Conclave,</HI> and modern un|dermining Arts. So, that if the offen|&s;ive part thereof had been as well pro&s;ecuted in that true path, which this young <HI>Genius</HI> trod out to us; both the pa&s;&s;age for other Princes o|ver the <HI>Alps,</HI> would have been by this time more ea&s;ie than <HI>Hanibal</HI>'s was; and be&s;ides, the fir&s;t &s;ound of that Drum might happily have reconci|led tho&s;e petty dividing Schi&s;mes which reign among&s;t us; not as
<PB N="53" REF="31">
&s;prung from any difference of religi|ous Faith, but mi&s;ty Opinion; and accordingly moulded fir&s;t upon the Desks of bu&s;ie idle Lecturers, then blown abroad to our di&s;advantage by a &s;warm of Popi&s;h In&s;truments, rather Je&s;uits than Chri&s;tians; and to their ends mo&s;t dangerou&s;ly over|&s;preading the world, for want of a confident Moderator. This (I &s;ay) was the fir&s;t prize which did enfran|chi&s;e this Ma&s;ter Spirit into the my|&s;teries, and affairs of State.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. V.</HEAD>
<P>THe next doubtfull Stage hee had to act upon (how&s;oever it may &s;eem private) was grounded up|on a publique and &s;pecious propo|&s;ition of marriage, between the late famous Queen, and the Duke of <HI>An|iou,</HI> With which Current, although he &s;aw the great, and wi&s;e men of the
<PB N="54" REF="32">
time &s;uddainly carryed down, and every one fi&s;hing to catch the Queens humor in it; yet when he con&s;idered the difference of years, per&s;on, edu|cation, &s;tate, and religion between them; and then called to minde the &s;ucce&s;s of our former alliances with the <HI>French:</HI> he found many rea&s;ons to make que&s;tion whether it would prove Poetical, or reall on their part? And if reall; yet whether the ballance &s;wayed not unequally, by adding much to them, and little to his So|veraign? The Dukes greatne&s;s be|ing onely name, and po&s;&s;ibility; and both the&s;e either to wither, or be maintained at her co&s;t. Her &s;tate a|gain in hand; and though Royally &s;ufficient to &s;atisfie that Queens Princely and moderate de&s;ires, or ex|pences, yet perchance inferior to bear out tho&s;e mixt de&s;ignes, into which his ambition, or nece&s;&s;ities might en|ti&s;e, or draw her.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, the marriage of K. <HI>Philip,</HI>
<PB N="55" REF="32">
to Q. <HI>Mary</HI> her &s;i&s;ter, was yet &s;o fre&s;h in memory, with the many inconve|niences of it, as by comparing and paralleling the&s;e together, he found credible in&s;tances to conclude, nei|ther of the&s;e forrain alliances could prove &s;afe for this Kingdom. Becau&s;e in her marriage with <HI>Spain,</HI> though both Princes continuing under the obedience of the <HI>Roman</HI> Church nei|ther their con&s;ciences, nor their peo|ples could &s;uffer any fear of tumult, or imputation by change of faith; Yet was the winning of St. <HI>Quintins,</HI> with the lo&s;s of <HI>Calice,</HI> and the car|rying away of our money to forrain ends, odious univer&s;ally; the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> pride incompatible; their advanta|gious delayes &s;u&s;picious; and their &s;hort reign here felt to be a kinde of exhau&s;ting tax upon the whole Na|tion.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, he di&s;cerned how this great Monarch countenanced with our Forces by &s;ea, and land, might, and
<PB N="56" REF="33">
did u&s;e this addition of her &s;trength to transform his Low-Countrey Dukedomes, fall'n to him by de|&s;cent, into the nature of a &s;overaign conque&s;t; and &s;o by conjoyning their Dominion, and Forces by Sea, to his large Empires, and Armies upon the Mayn, would probably enforce all ab&s;olute Princes to acknowledg &s;ub|jection to him before their time. And for our Kingdome, be&s;ides that this King then meant to u&s;e it as a forge, to fa&s;hion all his &s;overaign de&s;ignes in; had he not (except &s;ome bely him) a fore-running hand in the change of Religion after King <HI>Edwards</HI> death? And had he not (even in that change) &s;o ma&s;tered us in our own Church, by his Chaplain and Conclave of <HI>Rome,</HI> that both the&s;e carried all their cour&s;es byaced to his ends, as to an elder brother, who had more abun|dant degrees of wealth, and honour to return them? &s;o as every body (that devoted Queen excepted) fore|&s;aw
<PB N="57" REF="33">
we mu&s;t &s;uddenly have been compelled to wear his livery, and &s;erve his ends; or el&s;e to live like children neglected, or disfavoured by our holy Mother.</P>
<P>Again, for our temporall Govern|ment; was not his influence (except report belie him) as well in pa&s;&s;ing many &s;harp lawes, and heavy execu|tions of them with more &s;trange Councels; as fa&s;hioning our leagues both of peace, and traffique to his conquering ends? All the&s;e together, with that Ma&s;ter prize of his play|ing, when under colour of piety, he &s;tirred up in that wel-affected Queen a purpo&s;e of re&s;toring tho&s;e tempo|ralities to the Church, which by the fall of Abbies, were long before di|&s;per&s;ed among the Nobility, Gen|try, and people of this Kingdome: all the&s;e (as he &s;aid) did clearly &s;hew, that this ambitious King had an in|tent of moulding us to his u&s;e, even by di&s;tracting us among&s;t our &s;elves.</P>
<P><PB N="58" REF="34">
Neverthele&s;&s;e, to give him the honor of worldly wi&s;edom, I dare aver, he had no hope of bringing the&s;e curious a&s;&s;umptions to pa&s;s; but rather did ca&s;t them out, as &s;ounding lines, to fathome the depths of peoples mindes; and with particular fear, and di&s;traction in the owners, to rai&s;e a generall di&s;ta&s;t in all men again&s;t the Government. Now, if we may judge the future by what is pa&s;t, his &s;cope in all the&s;e particulars could be no other, but when our inward waters had been throughly troubled, then to po&s;&s;e&s;s this diver&s;ly di&s;eas'd E&s;tate with cer|tain po&euml;ticall titles of his own, de|vi&s;ed long before, and &s;ince publi&s;h|ed by <HI>Dolman,</HI> to the end, that under the &s;hadow of &s;uch clouds, he might work upon the next heir; and &s;o ca&s;t a chance for all our goodes, lives, and liberties with little interrupti|on. The&s;e, and &s;uch like, were the groundes which moved Sir <HI>Philip</HI> to
<PB N="59" REF="34">
compare the pa&s;t, and pre&s;ent con|&s;equence of our Marriage with ei|ther of the&s;e Crowns together.</P>
<P>And though in danger of &s;ubjecti|on he did confe&s;s our aliance with the French to be le&s;&s;e unequall; yet even in that, he fore&s;aw, diver|&s;itie of Religion would fir&s;t give &s;candall to both; and in progre&s;s, prove fatall of nece&s;&s;ity to one &s;ide. Becau&s;e the weaker &s;ect here, being fortified by &s;trong parties abroad, and a husbands name at home, mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily have brought the native Soveraign under a kinde of Covert Baron, and thereby forced her Ma|je&s;ty, either to lo&s;e the freedom, and con&s;cience of a good Chri&s;tian, the honor of an excellent Prince, or the private reputation of obedient Wife. Neither could that excellent Lady (as he, and that time conceived) with the&s;e, or any other cautions, have countermined the mines of practice, whereby (it is probable)
<PB N="60" REF="35">
this Prince would have endeavou|red to &s;teal change of Religion into her Kingdom.</P>
<P N="1">1. As fir&s;t, by cavelling at the Au|thors, and Fathers that upheld her Church.</P>
<P N="2">2. Then by di&s;gracing her mo&s;t zealous Mini&s;ters, through a&s;per|&s;ions ca&s;t upon their per&s;ons, and advancing indifferent &s;pirits, who&s;e God is this world, the Court their heaven, and con&s;equently their ends, to biace Gods immortall truth to the fanta&s;ies of mortall Princes.</P>
<P N="3">3. By the &s;ubtile latitude of &s;chool|di&s;tinctions, publiquely edging nea|rer the holy mother Church; and therein fir&s;t waving, then &s;oun|ding the peoples mindes; if not with abrupt, and &s;pirit-fall'n tolleration, yet with that invi&s;ible web of con|nivencie, which is a &s;nare to entan|gle great, or little flies, at the will of power.</P>
<P N="4">4. By a Princely licentiou&s;ne&s;&s;e in
<PB N="61" REF="35">
behaviour, and conference, fa&s;hio|ning athei&s;me among her Subjects: as knowing that in confu&s;ion of thoughts, he might the more ea&s;ilie rai&s;e up &s;uper&s;titious idolatry: which crafty Image of his, with all the nice lineaments belonging to it, was the more credible, in re&s;pect the French have &s;cornfully affirm'd one chief branch of our Princes prero|gatives to be, the carying of their peoples con&s;ciences which way they li&s;t. An ab&s;olutene&s;s the more dange|rous to their &s;ubjects freedom, be|cau&s;e they bring the&s;e changes to pa&s;s (as the French &s;ay) under the &s;afe conduct of our earth-cy com|mon law; and thereby make change legally &s;afe, and con&s;tancie in the truth exceeding dangerous.</P>
<P N="5">5. By a publique decrying of our ancient Cu&s;tomes, and Statutes; and from that ground, giving Proclama|tions a Royall vigor in moulding of pleas, pulpits and Parliaments, after
<PB N="62" REF="36">
the pattern of their own, and &s;ome other forain Nations; which in our Government is a confu&s;ion, almo&s;t as fatall as the confu&s;ion of tongues.</P>
<P N="6">6. By employing no in&s;truments among the people, but &s;uch as de|vi&s;e to &s;heer them with taxes, ran|&s;ome them with fines, draw in bon|dage under colour of obedience, and (like Frenchified <HI>Emp&s;ons,</HI> and <HI>Dudlies)</HI> bring the Engli&s;h peo|ple to the povertie of the French Pea&s;ants, onely to fill up a <HI>Danaus</HI> &s;ive of prodigality, and thereby to &s;ecure the old age of Tyranny from that which is never old: I mean, dan|ger of popular inundations.</P>
<P N="7">7. To lift up Monarchie above her ancient legall Circles, by bani&s;hing all free &s;pirits, and faithfull Patri|ots, with a kinde of &s;haddowed O|&s;traci&s;me, till the <HI>Ideas</HI> of native freedom &s;hould be utterly forgot|ten; and then (by the pattern of their own Duke of <HI>Gui&s;e)</HI> &s;o to en|courage
<PB N="63" REF="36">
a multitude of impove|ri&s;hing impo&s;itions upon the peo|ple, as he might become the head of all di&s;contentedne&s;s; and under the envy of that art, &s;tir them up to depo&s;e their naturall annointed So|veraign,</P>
<P N="8">8. When he had thus metamor|pho&s;ed our moderate form of Mo|narchie into a precipitate ab&s;olute|ne&s;s; and therein &s;haken all Leagues offen&s;ive or defen&s;ive between us, the Kings of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and <HI>Sweden,</HI> the free Princes of <HI>Garmany,</HI> the poor oppre&s;&s;ed &s;oules of <HI>France,</HI> the &s;teady &s;ub&s;i&s;ting <HI>Han&s;es;</HI> and la&s;tly weakned that league of Religion, &s;uffique, which with pro&s;perous &s;uc|ce&s;s hath continued long between us, and the <HI>Netherlanders;</HI> then (I &s;ay) mu&s;t his next project have been, either abu&s;ively to enti&s;e, or through fear enforce this excellent Lady, to countenance his over-grown party abroad, by &s;uffering the
<PB N="64" REF="37">
&s;ame &s;ect to multiply here at home, till &s;he &s;hould too late di&s;cover a ne|ce&s;&s;ity, either of changing her faith, hazarding her Crown, or at lea&s;t holding it at the joint courte&s;ie of that ambitious Roman Conclave, or encrea&s;ing Monarchie of <HI>Spain.</HI> A Scepter, and Miter, who&s;e con|junction bringes forth boundle&s;s freedom to them&s;elves, and begets a narrow &s;ervitude upon all other Nations, that by &s;urpri&s;e of wit, or power become &s;ubject to them.</P>
<P N="9">9 Be&s;ides, in the practice of this Marriage, he fore&s;aw, and prophe|&s;ied, that the very fir&s;t breach of Gods ordinance, in matching her|&s;elf with a Prince of a diver&s;e faith, would infallibly carry with it &s;ome piece of the rending de&s;tiny, which <HI>Solomon,</HI> and tho&s;e other Princes ju&s;tly felt, for having ventured to weigh the immortall wi&s;dom in e|ven &s;cales, with mortall convenien|cy or inconveniency.</P>
<P N="10"><PB N="65" REF="37">
10. The next &s;tep mu&s;t infallibly have been (as he conceived) with our &s;hipping to di&s;turb or belea|guer the <HI>Netherlanders</HI> by Sea, under colour, or pretence of honor un&s;ea|&s;onably taken, even when the hor&s;e and foot of <HI>France</HI> &s;hould threaten their &s;ub&s;i&s;tence by land; and ther|by (in this period of extremity) con&s;train that active people to run headlong into one of the&s;e three de&s;|perate cour&s;es, <HI>viz.</HI> Either to fly for protection to the Flower-de-Luce, with whom they join in continent; Or precipitately &s;ubmit their necks to the yoking Cittadells of <HI>Spain,</HI> again&s;t who&s;e inqui&s;itions, and u&s;ur|pations upon their Con&s;ciences, and Liberties, &s;o much money, and bloud had been &s;hed, and con&s;u|med already; Or el&s;e unnaturally to turn Pirates, and &s;o become enemies to that trade, by which they and their friends have reciprocally got|ten, and given &s;o much pro&s;perity.
<PB N="66" REF="38">
The choice or compari&s;on of which mi&s;chiefes to them, and us, he brief|ly laid before me, in this man|ner.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, that if they &s;hould incor|porate with <HI>France,</HI> the <HI>Netherlands</HI> manufactures, indu&s;try, trade, and &s;hipping, would add much to that Monarchie, both in peace, and war: The naturall riches of the French having been hitherto either kept barrain at home, or barrainly tran&s;|ported abroad, for lack of the true u&s;e of trade, &s;hipping, exchange, and &s;uch other my&s;teries as multiply native wealth; by improving their man-hood at home, and giving formes both to dome&s;tique, and forrain materialls; which defect (as he &s;aid) being now abundantly to be &s;upplied, by this conjunction with the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> would in a lit|tle time, not onely puff up that active Common-wealth with unqui|et pride, but awake the &s;tirring
<PB N="67" REF="38">
French to feel this addition to their own &s;trengths; and &s;o make them become dangerous neighbours by incur&s;ion in inva&s;ion to the Baltique Sea; many waies prejudice to the mutuall traffique between <HI>Italy,</HI> the <HI>Germans,</HI> and <HI>England;</HI> and con|&s;equently a terror to all others, that by land, or Sea confine upon them, yea and apt enough once in a year, to try their fortune with that grow|ing Monarch of <HI>Spain,</HI> for his Indian trea&s;ure.</P>
<P>2. On the other &s;ide; if any &s;tricter league &s;hould come to pa&s;s between tho&s;e adventurous French Spirits, and the &s;olid coun&s;ells of <HI>Spaine;</HI> and &s;o through fear, &s;corn, or any other de&s;perate apparances force the <HI>Netherlands</HI> into a precipi|tate, but &s;teady &s;ubjection of that Spani&s;h Monarchie; then he willed me to ob&s;erve, how this fearfull uni|on of Earth, and Sea, having e&s;ca|ped the petty Monarches of <HI>Europe,</HI>
<PB N="68" REF="39">
would in all probability, co&s;train them to play after-games for their own E&s;tates. Becau&s;e the&s;e two po|tent Navies (his and the <HI>Nether|land</HI>'s) being thus added to his in|vincible Armies by land, would &s;oon (as he thought) compell that head of holy mother Church, who&s;e be&s;t u&s;e for many yeares had been (by ballancing the&s;e two Emperiall greatne&s;ses one with another) to &s;e|cure inferior Princes: would (as I &s;aid) &s;oon enforce that &s;acred Mo|ther-head to &s;helter her &s;elf un|der the wings of this Emperiall Ea|gle, and &s;o ab&s;olutely quit her Mi|ter-&s;upremacie; or at lea&s;t become Chaplain to this &s;uppre&s;&s;ing, or &s;up|porting Conqueror.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, in this fatall probability he di&s;covered the great difference between the wi&s;dom of quiet Prin|ces, in their moderate de&s;ires of &s;ub&s;i&s;tence, from the large, and ha|zardous coun&s;ells of undertaking
<PB N="69" REF="39">
Monarches; who&s;e ends are onely to make force the umpier of right, and by that inequality become Sove|raign Lords (without any other ti|tle) over equalls and inferiors.</P>
<P>3. Now for this third point, of con&s;training this oppre&s;&s;ed, yet active <HI>Netherland</HI> people to become Pirates: he willed me in the exam|ples of time pa&s;t to ob&s;erve, how much <HI>Scirpalus</HI> did among the Gre|cians; <HI>Sextus Pompeius</HI> the Romans, even in their greatne&s;s; and in themodern, <HI>Flu&s;hiug, Dunkerk, Ro|chell</HI> and <HI>Algiers.</HI> Inferring with|all, that this people, which had &s;o long pro&s;pered upon the rich mate|rialls of all Nations, by the two large &s;preading armes of manufacture, and traffique, could not po&s;&s;ibly be forced at once to leave this habit: but would rather de&s;perately ad|venture to maintain the&s;e enrich|ing &s;trengthes of marriners, &s;ouldi|ers, and &s;hipping of their own, with
<PB N="70" REF="40">
becomming a Rende-vous for the &s;warm of di&s;contented &s;ubjects uni|ver&s;ally; inviting them with hope of &s;poil, and by that inheritance, to try whether the world were ready to examine her old foundations of freedom, in the &s;pecious, and flatte|ring regions of change, and Powers encrochments?</P>
<P>La&s;tly, be&s;ides this uneven ballance of State; the very reflexion of &s;corn between age, and youth; her come|line&s;s, his di&s;advantage that way; the exce&s;&s;ive charge by continuall re&s;ort of the French hither; danger of change for the wor&s;e; her reall native States and riches made &s;ub|ject to forrain humors; little hope of &s;ucce&s;&s;ion, and if any, then <HI>France</HI> a&s;&s;ured to become the &s;eat, and <HI>England</HI> the Province; children, or no children, misfortune, or uncer|tainty: The&s;e (I &s;ay) and &s;uch like threatning probabilities made him joyn with the weaker party, and
<PB N="71" REF="40">
oppo&s;e this torrent; even while the French faction reigning had ca&s;t a&s;|per&s;ions upon his Uncle of <HI>Leice&s;ter,</HI> and made him, like a wi&s;e man (un|der colour of taking phy&s;ick) volun|tarily become pri&s;oner in his cham|ber.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. VI.</HEAD>
<P>THus &s;tood the &s;tate of things then: And if any judicious Reader &s;hall a&s;k, Whether it were not an error, and a dangerous one, for Sir <HI>Philip</HI> being neither Magi|&s;trate nor Coun&s;ellor, to oppo&s;e him|&s;elf again&s;t his Soveraigns plea&s;ure in things indifferent? I mu&s;t an&s;wer, That his worth, truth, favour, and &s;incerity of heart, together with his reall manner of proceeding in it, were his privileges. Becau&s;e this Gentlemans cour&s;e in this great bu&s;i|ne&s;s
<PB N="72" REF="41">
was, not by murmur among e|quals, or inferiours, to detract from Princes; or by a mutinous kind of bemoaning error, to &s;tir up ill affecti|ons in their minds, who&s;e be&s;t thoughts could do him no good; but by a due addre&s;s of his humble rea|&s;ons to the <HI>Queen</HI> her &s;elf, to whom the appeal was proper. So that al|though he found a &s;weet &s;tream of Soveraign humors in that well-tem|pered Lady, to run again&s;t him, yet found he &s;afety in her &s;elf, again&s;t that &s;elfne&s;s which appeared to threaten him in her: For this happi|ly born and bred Prince&s;s was not (&s;ubject-like) apt to con&s;true things reverently done in the wor&s;t &s;en&s;e; but rather with the &s;pirit of annoin|ted Greatne&s;s (as created to reign equally over frail and &s;trong) more de&s;irous to find waies to fa&s;hion her people, than colours, or cau&s;es to pu|ni&s;h them.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, to prove nothing can be
<PB N="73" REF="41">
wi&s;e, that is not really hone&s;t; every man of that time, and con&s;equently of all times may know, that if he &s;hould have u&s;ed the &s;ame freedome among the Grandees of Court (their profe&s;&s;ion being not commonly to di&s;pute Princes purpo&s;es for truths &s;ake, but &s;econd their humours to govern their Kingdomes by them) he mu&s;t infallibly have found Worth, Ju&s;tice, and Duty lookt up|on with no other eyes but <HI>Lamia</HI>'s; and &s;o have been &s;tained by that reigning faction, which in all Courts allows no faith currant to a Sove|raign, that hath not pa&s;t the &s;eal of their practi&s;ing corporation.</P>
<P>Thus &s;tood the Court at that time; and thus &s;tood this ingenuous &s;pirit in it. If dangerou&s;ly in mens opi|nions who are curious of the pre&s;ent, and in it rather to doe craftily, than well: Yet, I &s;ay, that Princely heart of hers was a Sanctuary unto him; And as for the people, in whom ma|ny
<PB N="74" REF="42">
times the la&s;ting images of Worth are preferred before the temporary vi&s;ions of art, or favour, he could not fear to &s;uffer any thing there, which would not prove a kind of Trophy to him. So that how&s;oever he &s;eem|ed to &s;tand alone, yet he &s;tood up|right; kept his acce&s;s to her Maje&s;ty as before; a liberall conver&s;ation with the <HI>French,</HI> reverenced among&s;t the worthie&s;t of them for him&s;elfe, and born in too &s;trong a fortification of nature for the le&s;s worthy to ab|bord, either with que&s;tion, familia|rity, or &s;corn.</P>
<P>In this freedome, even while the greate&s;t &s;pirits, and E&s;tates &s;eemed hood-winkt, or blind; and the infe|rior &s;ort of men made captive by hope, fear, ignorance; did he enjoy the freedome of his thoughts, with all recreations worthy of them.</P>
<P>And in this freedome of heart be|ing one day at Tennis, a Peer of this Realm, born great, greater by alli|ance,
<PB N="75" REF="42">
and &s;uperlative in the Princes favour, abruptly came into the Ten|nis-Court; and &s;peaking out of the&s;e three paramount authorities, he for|got to entreat that, which he could not legally command. When by the encounter of a &s;teady object, finding unre&s;pectivene&s;s in him&s;elf (though a great Lord) not re&s;pected by this Princely &s;pirit, he grew to expo&s;tu|late more roughly. The returns of which &s;tile comming &s;till from an under&s;tanding heart, that knew what was due to it &s;elf, and what it ought to others, &s;eemed (through the mi&s;ts of my Lords pa&s;&s;ions, &s;woln with the winde of his faction then reigning) to provoke in yeelding. Whereby, the le&s;&s;e amazement, or confu&s;ion of thoughts he &s;tirred up in Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> the more &s;hadowes this great Lords own mind was po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with: till at la&s;t with rage (which is ever ill-di&s;ciplin'd) he commands them to depart the Court. To this
<PB N="76" REF="43">
Sir <HI>Philip</HI> temperately an&s;wers; that if his Lord&s;hip had been plea&s;ed to expre&s;s de&s;ire in milder Chara|cters, perchance he might have led out tho&s;e, that he &s;hould now find would not be driven out with any &s;courge of fury. This an&s;wer (like a Bellows) blowing up the &s;parks of exce&s;s already kindled, made my Lord &s;cornfully call Sir <HI>Philip</HI> by the name of Puppy. In which progre&s;s of heat, as the tempe&s;t grew more and more vehement within, &s;o did their hearts breath out their perturbations in a more loud and &s;hrill accent. The <HI>French</HI> Commi&s;&s;ioners unfortunately had that day audience, in tho&s;e pri|vate Galleries, who&s;e windows look|ed into the Tennis-Court. They in|&s;tantly drew all to this tumult: eve|ry &s;ort of quarrels &s;orting well with their humors, e&s;pecially this. Which Sir <HI>Philip</HI> perceiving, and ri&s;ing with inward &s;trength, by the pro&s;pect of a mighty faction again&s;t him; asked
<PB N="77" REF="43">
my Lord, with a loud voice, that which he heard clearly enough be|fore. Who (like an Echo, that &s;till multiplies by reflexions) repeated this Epithet of Puppy the &s;econd time. Sir <HI>Philip</HI> re&s;olving in one an|&s;wer to conclude both the attentive hearers, and pa&s;&s;ionate actor, gave my Lord a Lie, impo&s;&s;ible (as he aver|red) to be retorted; in re&s;pect all the world knows, Puppies are gotten by Dogs, and Children by men.</P>
<P>Hereupon tho&s;e glorious inequali|ties of Fortune in his Lord&s;hip were put to a kinde of pau&s;e, by a preci|ous inequality of nature in this Gentleman. So that they both &s;tood &s;ilent a while, like a dumb &s;hew in a Tragedy; till Sir <HI>Philip</HI> &s;en&s;ible of his own wrong, the forrain, and fa|ctious &s;pirits that attended; and yet, even in this que&s;tion between him, and his &s;uperior, tender to his Coun|tries honour; with &s;ome words of &s;harp accent, led the way abruptly
<PB N="78" REF="44">
out of the Tennis-Court; as if &s;o un|expected an accident were not fit to be decided any farther in that place. Whereof the great Lord making a|nother &s;en&s;e, continues his play, without any advantage of reputati|on; as by the &s;tandard of humours in tho&s;e times it was conceived.</P>
<P>A day Sr <HI>Philip</HI> remains in &s;u&s;pen&s;e, when hearing nothing of, or from the Lord, he &s;ends a Gentleman of worth to awake him out of his trance; wherein the <HI>French</HI> would a&s;&s;uredly think any pau&s;e, if not death, yet a lethargy of true honour in both. This &s;tirred a re&s;olution in his Lord&s;hip to &s;end Sir <HI>Philip</HI> a Challenge. Not|with&s;tanding, the&s;e thoughts in the great Lord wandred &s;o long between glory, anger, and inequality of &s;tate, as the Lords of her Maje&s;ties Coun|&s;ell took notice of the differences, commanded peace, and laboured a reconciliation between them. But needle&s;ly in one re&s;pect, and boot|le&s;ly
<PB N="79" REF="44">
in another. The great Lord be|ing (as it &s;hould &s;eem) either not ha|&s;ty to adventure many inequalities again&s;t one, or inwardly &s;atisfied with the progre&s;s of his own Acts: Sir <HI>Philip</HI> on the other &s;ide confident, he neither had nor would lo&s;e, or let fall any thing of his right. Which her Maje&s;ties Coun&s;ell quickly per|ceiving, recommended this work to her &s;elf.</P>
<P>The Queen, who &s;aw that by the lo&s;s, or di&s;grace of either, &s;he could gain nothing, pre&s;ently undertakes Sir <HI>Philip;</HI> and (like an excellent Mo|narch) lays before him the difference in degree between Earls, and Gentle|men; the re&s;pect inferiors ought to their &s;uperiors; and the nece&s;&s;ity in Princes to maintain their own crea|tions, as degrees de&s;cending between the peoples licentiou&s;ne&s;s, and the a|noynted Soveraignty of Crowns: how the Gentlemans neglect of the Nobility taught the Pea&s;ant to in|&s;ult upon both.</P>
<P><PB N="80" REF="45">
Whereunto Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> with &s;uch reverence as became him, replyed: Fir&s;t, that place was never intended for privilege to wrong: witne&s;s her &s;elf, who how Soveraign &s;oever &s;he were by Throne, Birth, Education, and Nature; yet was &s;he content to ca&s;t her own affections into the &s;ame moulds her Subjects did, and govern all her rights by their Laws. Again, he be&s;ought her Maje&s;ty to con&s;ider, that although he were a great Lord by birth, alliance, and grace; yet hee was no Lord over him: and therfore the difference of degrees between free men, could not challenge any o|ther homage than precedency. And by her Fathers Act (to make a Prince|ly wi&s;dom become the more famili|ar) he did in&s;tance the Government of K. <HI>Henry</HI> the eighth, who gave the Gentry free, and &s;afe appeal to his feet, again&s;t the oppre&s;&s;ion of the Grandees; and found it wi&s;dome, by the &s;tronger corporation in number,
<PB N="81" REF="45">
to keep down the greater in power: inferring el&s;e, that if they &s;hould u|nite, the over-grown might be temp|ted, by &s;till coveting more, to fall (as the Angels did) by affecting equality with their Maker.</P>
<P>This con&s;tant tenor of truth he took upon him; which as a chief duty in all creatures, both to them&s;elves, &amp; the &s;overaignty above them, protected this Gentleman (though he obeyed not) from the di&s;plea&s;ure of his Sove|raign. Wherein he left an authentical pre&s;ident to after ages, that how&s;oe|ver tyrants allow of no &s;cope, &s;tamp, or &s;tandard, but their own will; yet w^t^h Princes there is a latitude for &s;ub|jects to re&s;erve native, &amp; legall free|dom, by paying hu~ble tribute in man|ner, though not in matter, to them.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. VII.</HEAD>
<P>THE next &s;tep which he intend|ded into the world, was an ex|pedition
<PB N="82" REF="46">
of his own projecting; wherein he fa&s;hioned the whole bo|dy, with purpo&s;e to become head of it him&s;elf. I mean the la&s;t employ|ment but one of Sir <HI>Francis Drake</HI> to the We&s;t Indies. Which journey, as the &s;cope of it was mixt both of &s;ea, and land &s;ervice; &s;o had it according|ly di&s;tinct Officers, &amp; Commanders, cho&s;en by Sir <HI>Philip</HI> out of the able&s;t Governors of tho&s;e Martiall times. The project was contrived between them&s;elves in this manner; that both &s;hould equally be Governours, when they had left the &s;hore of <HI>England;</HI> but while things were a preparing at home, Sir <HI>Fran.</HI> was to bear the name, and by the credit of Sir <HI>Phil.</HI> have all particulars abundantly &s;upplyed.</P>
<P>The rea&s;on of which &s;ecret carri|age was, the impo&s;&s;ibility for Sir <HI>Philip</HI> to win the Queen, or Govern|ment (out of the value which they rated his worth at) to di&s;pen&s;e with an employment for him &s;o remote
<PB N="83" REF="46">
and of &s;o hazardous a nature. Be&s;ides his credit, and reputation with the State lay not that way. So as our provident Magi&s;trates expecting a Prenti&s;hip more &s;eriou&s;ly in Martial, than Mechanical actions; and therein mea&s;uring all men by one rule; would (as Sir <HI>Philip</HI> thought) not ea&s;ily be|lieve his unexperience equall for a de&s;igne of &s;o many divers, and dan|gerous pa&s;&s;ages: how&s;oever wi&s;e men, even in the mo&s;t active times have determined this art of Govern|ment, to be rather a riches of nature, than any proper fruit of indu&s;try, or education. This (as I &s;aid) was one rea&s;on, why Sir <HI>Philip</HI> did cover that glorious enterprize with a cloud. An|other was, becau&s;e in the doing, while it pa&s;t unknown, he knew it would pa&s;s without interruption; and when it was done, pre&s;umed the &s;ucce&s;s would put envy and all her agents to &s;ilence.</P>
<P>On the other &s;ide Sir <HI>Francis</HI> found
<PB N="84" REF="47">
that Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s friends, with the in|fluence of his excellent inward pow|ers, would add both weight, and fa|&s;hion to his ambition; and con&s;e|quently either with, or without Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s company, yeeld unexpected ea&s;e, and honor to him in this voiage.</P>
<P>Upon the&s;e two divers Coun&s;els they treat confidently together; the preparations go on with a large hand among&s;t our Governors; nothing is denyed Sir <HI>Francis</HI> that both their propounding hearts could demand. To make which expedition of le&s;s difficulty, they kept the particular of this plot more &s;ecret than it was po&s;|&s;ible for them to keep the generall preparations of &s;o great a journey; hoping that while the <HI>Spaniard</HI> &s;hould be forced to arm every where again&s;t them, he could not any where be &s;o royally provided to defend him&s;elf, but they might land without any great impediment.</P>
<P>In the&s;e termes Sir <HI>Francis</HI> departs
<PB N="85" REF="47">
from <HI>Plimouth</HI> with his &s;hips; vowed and re&s;olved that when he &s;taid for nothing but for a wind, the watch word &s;hould come po&s;t for Sir <HI>Philip.</HI> The time of the year made ha&s;te a|way, &amp; Sr <HI>Francis</HI> to follow it, either made more ha&s;te than needed, or at lea&s;t &s;eemed to make more than re|ally he did. Notwith&s;tanding, as I dare aver that in his own element he was indu&s;trous; &s;o dare I not con|demn his affections in this mi&s;pri&s;ion of time. How&s;oever a letter comes po&s;t for Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> as if the whole fleet &s;tayed onely for him, and the wind. In the mean-&s;ea&s;on the State hath intelligence that <HI>Don Antonio</HI> was at &s;ea for <HI>England,</HI> and re&s;olved to land at <HI>Plimouth.</HI> Sir <HI>Philip</HI> turning occa&s;ion into wi&s;dome, puts him&s;elf into the imployment of conducting up this King; and under that veil leaves the Court without &s;u&s;picion; over-&s;hoots his father-in-law then Secretary of E&s;tate in his own bow;
<PB N="86" REF="48">
comes to <HI>Plimmouth;</HI> was fea&s;ted the fir&s;t night by Sir <HI>Francis,</HI> with a great deale of outward Pomp and comple|ment.</P>
<P>Yet I that had the honor as of be|ing bred with hm from his youth; &s;o now (by his own choice of all <HI>Eng|land)</HI> to be his loving, and beloved <HI>Achates</HI> in this journey, ob&s;erving the countenance of this gallant ma|riner more exactly than Sir <HI>Philips</HI> lei&s;ure &s;erved him to doe; after we were laid in bed, acquainted him with my ob&s;ervation of the di&s;coun|tenance, and depre&s;&s;ion which ap|peared in Sir <HI>Francis;</HI> as if our com|ing were both beyond his expecta|tion, and de&s;ire. Neverthele&s;&s;e that ingenuous &s;pirit of Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s, though apt to give me credit, yet not apt to di&s;credit others, made him &s;u&s;pend his own, &amp; labor to change, or qualifie my judgement; Till with|in &s;ome few daies after, finding the &s;hippes neither ready according to
<PB N="87" REF="48">
promi&s;e, nor po&s;&s;ibly to be made rea|dy in many daies; and withall ob&s;er|ving &s;ome &s;parcks of fal&s;e fire, breaking out unawares from his yoke-fellow daily; It plea&s;ed him (in the freedom of our friend&s;hip) to return me my own &s;tock, with intere&s;t.</P>
<P>All this whlie <HI>Don Antonio</HI> landes not; the fleet &s;eemed to us (like the weary pa&s;&s;engers Inn) &s;till to goe fur|ther from our de&s;ires; letters came from the Court to ha&s;ten it away: it may be the leaden feet, and nim|ble thoughts of Sir <HI>Francis</HI> wrought in the day, and unwrought by night; while he watched an opportunity to di&s;cover us, without being di&s;cove|red.</P>
<P>For within a few daies after a po&s;t &s;teales up to the Court, upon who&s;e arrivall an Alarum is pre&s;ently ta|ken: me&s;&s;engers &s;ent away to &s;tay us, or if we refu&s;ed, to &s;tay the whole Fleet. Notwith&s;tanding this fir&s;t
<PB N="88" REF="49">
<HI>Mercury,</HI> this errand being partly adverti&s;ed to Sir <HI>Philip</HI> beforehand, was intercepted upon the way; his letters taken from him by two re&s;o|lute &s;ouldiers in Marriners apparell; brought in&s;tantly to Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> o|pened, and read. The contents as welcome as Bulls of excommunicati|on to the &s;uper&s;titious Romani&s;t, when they enjoyn him either to for|&s;ake his right, or his holy Mother-Church, yet did he &s;it this fir&s;t pro|ce&s;&s;e, without noi&s;e, or an&s;wer.</P>
<P>The next was a more Imperiall Mandate, carefully conveyed, and delivered to him&s;elf by a Peer of this Realm; carrying with it in the one hand grace, the other thunder. The grace was an offer of an in&s;tant imployment under his Unckle, then going Generall into the Low-Coun|tries; Again&s;t which although he would gladly havedemurred; yet the confluence of rea&s;on, tran&s;cen|dencie of Power, fear of &s;taying the
<PB N="89" REF="49">
whole Fleet, made him in&s;tantly &s;a|crifi&s;e all the&s;e &s;alfe places to the du|ty of obedience.</P>
<P>Wherein how unwillingly &s;oever he yeelded up his knowledge, affecti|ons, publique and private endes in that journey; yet did he act this force in a gallant fa&s;hion. Opens his re&s;erved ends to the Generall; en|courageth the whole Army with promi&s;e of his uttermo&s;t a&s;&s;i&s;tance; &s;aves Sir <HI>Francis Drake</HI> from bla&s;t|ings of Court, to keep up his reputa|tion among&s;t tho&s;e companies which he was pre&s;ently to command; clea|reth the da&s;eled eyes of that Army, by &s;hewing them, how even in that forrain imployment, which took him&s;elf from them, the Queen had engaged her&s;elf more waies than one again&s;t the Spaniards ambition: &s;o as there was no probability of taking away her Princely hand from &s;uch a well-ballanced work of her own.</P>
<P>Neverthele&s;&s;e as the Limmes of
<PB N="90" REF="50">
<HI>Venus</HI> picture, how perfectly &s;oever began, and left by <HI>Apelles,</HI> yet after his death proved impo&s;&s;ible to fi|ni&s;h: &s;o that <HI>Heroicall</HI> de&s;ign of in|vading, and po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing <HI>America,</HI> how exactly &s;oever projected, and dige&s;t|ed in every minute by Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> did yet prove impo&s;&s;ible to be well acted by any other mans &s;pirit than his own; how &s;ufficient &s;oever his a&s;&s;o|ciate were in all parts of navigation; whereby the &s;ucce&s;s of this journey fell out to be rather fortunate in wealth, than honor.</P>
<P>Whereupon, when Sir <HI>Philip</HI> found this, and many other of his large, and &s;incere re&s;olutions impri&s;oned within the pleights of their fortunes, that mixed good, and evill together unequally; and withall di&s;cerned, how the idle-cen&s;uring faction at home had won ground of the active adventures abroad; then did this double depre&s;&s;ion both of things, and men, lift up his active &s;pirit in|to
<PB N="91" REF="50">
an univer&s;all pro&s;pect of time, States, and things: and in them made him con&s;ider, what impo&s;&s;ibi|lity there was for him, that had no delight to re&s;t idle at home, of re|propounding &s;ome other forrain en|terpri&s;e, probable, and fit to invite that excellent Prince&s;&s;es minde, and moderate Government, to take hold off. The placing of his thoughts upon which high pinnacle, layd the pre|&s;ent Map of the Chri&s;tian world un|derneath him.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="8" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. VIII.</HEAD>
<P>IN which view, nature guiding his eyes, fir&s;t to his Native Country, he found greatne&s;s of worth, and place, counterpoy&s;ed there by the arts of power, and favor. The &s;tir|<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">ng &s;pirits &s;ent abroad as fewell, to keep the flame far off: and the ef|feminate
<PB N="92" REF="51">
made judges of danger which they fear, and honor which they under&s;tand not.</P>
<P>The people (by di&s;po&s;ition of the clime) valiant, and multiplying, apt indifferently to corrupt with peace, or refine with action; and therefore to be kept from ru&s;t, or mutiny, by no meanes better than by forrain employments: His opinion being that <HI>Ilanders</HI> have the air and waters &s;o diver&s;ly moving about them, as neither peace, nor war, can long be welcome to their humors, which mu&s;t therefore begovern'd by the active, and yet &s;teady hand of authority. Be&s;ides he ob&s;erved the Sea to have &s;o naturall a Sympathie, with the complexions of them &s;he invirons, as be it in traffique, pira|cie, or war, they are indifferent to wander upon that element; and for the mo&s;t part apter to follow under|taking chance, than any &s;etled endes in a Marchant-traffique.</P>
<P><PB N="93" REF="51">
Now for the ble&s;&s;ed <HI>Lady</HI> which then governed over us: how equall &s;oever &s;he were in her happy creati|on for peace, or war, and her people (as I have &s;hewed) humble to fol|low her will in either, yet becau&s;e &s;he re&s;olved to keep within the <HI>De|corum</HI> of her &s;ex, &s;he &s;hewed her&s;elf more ambitious of ballancing neigh|bor Princcs from invading one ano|ther, than under any pretence of title, or revenge, apt to que&s;tion or conquer upon forrain Princes po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ions. And though this moderate cour&s;e carried her into a defen&s;ive war, which commonly falls out ra|ther to be an impoveri&s;hing of ene|mies, than any meanes to enrich, or di&s;cipline their E&s;tates, that un|dertake it; yet could not all the rackes of lo&s;s, injury, or terror, &s;tir this excellent <HI>Lady</HI> into any further degree of offen&s;ive war, than onely the keeping of her Navy abroad, to interrupt the &s;afe-comming home of
<PB N="94" REF="52">
his <HI>Indian</HI> Fleet, and hinder the pro|vi&s;ion, contracted for in all parts of <HI>Europe,</HI> to furni&s;h another invinci|ble Navy, wherewith he purpo&s;ed to be&s;iege the world, and therein (as his fir&s;t &s;tep) her divided King|domes.</P>
<P>On the other &s;ide, in this &s;urvay of forrain Nations, he ob&s;erved a fa|tall pa&s;&s;ivene&s;&s;e generally currant, by rea&s;on of &s;trange inequalities be|tween little humors and great for|tunes in the pre&s;ent <HI>Princes</HI> reigning.</P>
<P>Among&s;t whom for the fir&s;t object <HI>Henry</HI> the third of <HI>France</HI> appeares to him in the likene&s;s of a good Ma&s;ter, rather than a great King; bu|ried in his plea&s;ures, his Crown de|main exhau&s;ted, impo&s;itions multi|plyed, the people light, the Nobili|ty prone to move, and con&s;equent|ly his Country apt, through &s;corn of his effeminate Vices, either to be|come a prey for the &s;tronge&s;t under|taker, or el&s;e to be Cantonized by
<PB N="95" REF="52">
&s;elf-divi&s;ion. In both which po&s;&s;ible di&s;a&s;ters, their native wealth, and variety of objects, perchance have made both King, and people (how|&s;oever confu&s;edly erring) yet to live &s;ecured by the providence of chance.</P>
<P>Again, he &s;aw the va&s;t body of the Empire re&s;ting (as in a dream) upon an immoveable centre of &s;elf-great|ne&s;s; and under this fal&s;e a&s;&s;ump&s;it, to have laid the bridle on the neck of the Emperor, to work them arti|ficially, with a gentle, or &s;teady hand, to his own will.</P>
<P>And to confirm, and multiply this clowdy danger, he di&s;cerned how that creeping Monarchie of <HI>Rome</HI> (hy her Arch-in&s;truments the Ie&s;uits) had already planted fine Schooles of &s;erving humanity in di|ver&s;e of their reformed Cities: inten|ding &s;o to tempt this welbelieving people, with that old forbidden tree of knowledge, as they might &s;in de&s;|perately
<PB N="96" REF="53">
again&s;t their own E&s;tates, before they knew it.</P>
<P>The like mi&s;t the&s;e crafty-rai&s;ers invented (as he thought) to ca&s;t o|ver that well-united fabrick of the <HI>Han&s;es:</HI> who&s;e endes being meerly wealth, and their &s;eats invironed on every &s;ide with active, and power|full neighbors, would (in all proba|bility) make them as jealous of ab|&s;olute Princes in pro&s;perity, as zea|lous in di&s;tre&s;s to &s;eek protection under them. So that they being at this time grown mighty by combi|nation, if they &s;hould be neglected, would prove apt, and able to &s;way the ballance unequally to the endes of the &s;tronger.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, he di&s;cerned yet a greater, and more malignant a&s;pect from that &s;preading Monarchie of <HI>Spain;</HI> which ab&s;olutely commanding the hou&s;e of <HI>Au&s;tria,</HI> governing the <HI>Con|clave,</HI> and having gotten, or affect|ing to get a commanding intelli|gence
<PB N="97" REF="53">
over the&s;e Cities; would &s;oon multiply unavoidable danger, both to them&s;elves, and us, by mixing the temporall, and &s;pirituall &s;word, to their crafty conquering ends.</P>
<P>Nay more; how upon the &s;ame foundation they had begunne yet a more dangerous party, even a|mong&s;t the German Princes them|&s;elves; by adding to the fatall oppo|&s;ition of Religion between them, the hopes, feares, jealou&s;ie, tempta|tions of reward, or lo&s;s, with all the unnaturall &s;eeds of divi&s;ion; which might make them, through the&s;e confu&s;ed threatnings, and extice|ments, to become an ea&s;ie prey for the Spaniards watchfull, un&s;a|tiable, and much promi&s;ing ambi|tion.</P>
<P>He likewi&s;e ob&s;erved, <HI>Battorie</HI> that gallant man, but dangerou&s;ly a&s;pi|ring King of <HI>Poland,</HI> to be happily pei&s;ed by the ancient competition between him, and his Nobility,
<PB N="98" REF="54">
and as bu&s;ie to encroch upon their Marches, and add more to his own limited Soveraignty, as they were to draw down tho&s;e few preroga|tives it had, into that well mixt, and ballanced <HI>Ari&s;tocracie</HI> of theirs.</P>
<P><HI>Denmark,</HI> how&s;oever by the oppor|tunity, and narrowne&s;s of his Sound, re&s;trained to the &s;elfne&s;s of profit; yet by di&s;cipline, and &s;eat, able to &s;econd an active undertaker with &s;hipping, money, &amp;c. But too wi&s;e, with the&s;e &s;trengths to help any forrain Prince to become Empe|ror over him&s;elf, or otherwi&s;e to entangle his E&s;tate offen&s;ively; or defen&s;ively in common Actions.</P>
<P>The <HI>Sweden</HI> environed, or rather im|pri&s;oned with great and dangerous neighbours, and enemies. The <HI>Polae</HI> pretending Title to his Kingdom, and with a continuall claim by &s;word, inforceing him to a per|petuall defen&s;ive charge. The King of <HI>Denmark</HI> being un&s;afe to him up|on
<PB N="99" REF="54">
every occa&s;ion, by ill neighbour-hood among active Princes. And la&s;tly, the barbarous <HI>Mo&s;covite,</HI> onely quiet through his own di&s;tre&s;&s;e, and oppre&s;&s;ions el&s;e-where. So as like a Prince thus &s;trictly invironed, the King of <HI>Sweden</HI> could not (among Princes) &s;tand as any pregnant place of exorbitant help, or terror; other|wi&s;e than by money.</P>
<P>The <HI>Switzers</HI> &s;woln with equality; divided at home; enemies, yet &s;er|vants to Monarchies; not ea&s;ily op|pre&s;&s;ed, in the opinion of tho&s;e times; nor able to doe any thing of note alone: and &s;o a dangerous body for the &s;oul of <HI>Spanie</HI> to infu&s;e de|&s;ignes into.</P>
<P>The Princes of <HI>Italy</HI> carefull to bind one another by common cau|tion; re&s;trained from the freedom of their own coun&s;ells, by force of &s;tronger powers above them, and as bu&s;ie in keeping down their people, to multiply profit out of them, as to
<PB N="100" REF="55">
enti&s;e the &s;tranger thither, to gain moderately by him. Through which narrow kind of wi&s;dom, they being become rather Merchant than Mo|narchall States, were confined from challenging their own, or enlarging their dominions upon neighbors; and la&s;tly, in a&s;pect to other Princes rights, conjured within neutrall Circles, by the my&s;ticall practi&s;e of an abu&s;ing <HI>Conclave,</HI> and a&s;piring Monarch of <HI>Spain.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Mo&s;covite</HI> bridled by his bar|barous neighbor the <HI>Tartar;</HI> and through natural ignorance, and inci|vility, like a poor Tenant upon a rich Farm, unequall to his inferiors.</P>
<P>The <HI>Grand Signior</HI> a&s;leep in his <HI>Sa|raglia;</HI> as having turned the ambiti|on of that growing Monarchy into idle lu&s;t; corrupted his Martiall di&s;|cipline; prophaned his <HI>Alcoran,</HI> in making war again&s;t his own Church, and not in per&s;on, but by his <HI>Ba&s;ha's;</HI> con&s;equently by all apparance, de|clining
<PB N="101" REF="55">
into his people by &s;uch, but more precipitate degrees, as his active Ance&s;tors had climbed above them.</P>
<P>Now while all the&s;e Princes lived thus fettered within the narrowne&s;s of their own E&s;tates, or humors; <HI>Spain</HI> managing the <HI>Popedome</HI> by voi|ces, and pen&s;ions among the Cardi|nals, and having the &s;word both by land, &amp; &s;ea in his hand; &s;eemed like|wi&s;e to have all tho&s;e We&s;tern-parts of the world, laid as a <HI>Tabula ra&s;a</HI> be|fore him, to write where he plea&s;ed; <HI>Yo el R&eacute;.</HI> And that which made this fatal pro&s;pect the more probable, was his golden Indian Mines; kept open, not only to feed, and carry his threat|ning Fleets, &amp; Armies, where he had will, or right to goe; but to make way, and preten&s;e for more, where he li&s;t, by corrupting, and terrifying the chief Coun&s;els both of Chri&s;tian and Heathen Princes. Which tempting, and undermining cour&s;e had already given &s;uch reputation both to his Ci|vill
<PB N="102" REF="56">
and Martiall actions; that he was even then grown as impo&s;&s;ible to plea&s;e, as dangerous to offend.</P>
<P>And out of which fearfull Alma|nack this wakeful Patriot, be&s;ides an univer&s;all terror upon all Princes, &s;aw (as I &s;aid) that this immen&s;e power of <HI>Spain</HI> did ca&s;t a more parti|cular a&s;pect of danger upon his na|tive Countrey: and &s;uch as was not likely to be prevented, or &s;ecured by any other Antidote, than a generall league among free Princes, to under|take this undertaker at home. To make this cour&s;e plau&s;ible, though he knew the Qu. of <HI>England</HI> had already engaged her fortunes into it, by pro|tecting the States Generall, yet per|ceiving her Governours (as I &s;aid) to &s;it at home in their &s;oft chairs, playing fa&s;t or loo&s;e with them that ventured their lives abroad; he pro|vidently determined that while <HI>Spain</HI> had peace, a Pope, money, or credit; and the world men, nece&s;&s;ity,
<PB N="103" REF="56">
or humors; the war could hardly be determined upon this Low-Coun|trey &s;tage.</P>
<P>Becau&s;e if the neighbour-hood of <HI>Flanders,</HI> with help of the &s;uddain &s;ea pa&s;&s;age, &s;hould tempt the&s;e united Princes to fall upon that limb of the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Empire; it would prove (as he &s;uppo&s;ed) an a&s;&s;ailing of him in the &s;tronge&s;t &s;eat of his war; where all exchanges, pa&s;&s;ages, and &s;upplies were already &s;etled to his be&s;t ad|vantage: and &s;o a force bent again&s;t him, even where him&s;elf could wi&s;h it.</P>
<P><HI>Flanders</HI> being a Province reple|ni&s;hed with offen&s;ive, and defen&s;ive Armies: and fortified with divers &s;trong Cities: of which the a&s;&s;ailing Armies mu&s;t be con&s;trained, either to leave many behind them, or el&s;e to hazard the lo&s;s of time, and their gallante&s;t Troops in be&s;ieging of one.</P>
<P>Again he conceived that <HI>France</HI> it &s;elf was like enough to be tender, in
<PB N="104" REF="57">
&s;econding our de&s;ignes with hor&s;e, or foot there; our neighbour-hood up|on the &s;ame Continent (out of old acquaintance) not being over-wel|come to them, as he pre&s;umed. And for &s;uccors from other Princes; they were to come far, and pa&s;s through divers dominions with difficulty, di|&s;traction, lo&s;s of time, and perchance loo&s;e-handed di&s;cipline.</P>
<P>And &s;o concludes, fir&s;t, that it would be hard for us to become ab|&s;olute Ma&s;ters of the field in <HI>Flanders,</HI> or to ground our a&s;&s;ailing of him there upon any other argument, than that ever-betraying <HI>Fallax</HI> of under|valuing our enemies, or &s;etling un|dertaking Coun&s;els upon market|mens Intelligence, as <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> &s;aith the <HI>French</HI> in his time u&s;ed to do. Which confident wayes, without any curi|ous examination what power the ad|ver&s;e party hath prepared to en|counter, by defen&s;e, inva&s;ion, or di|vi&s;ion, mu&s;t probably make us lo&s;ers,
<PB N="105" REF="57">
both in men, money, and reputation. And upon the&s;e and the like a&s;&s;ump|&s;its he re&s;olved, there were but two ways left to fru&s;trate this ambitious Monarchs de&s;ignes. The one, that which diverted <HI>Hanibal,</HI> and by &s;et|ting fire on his own hou&s;e made him draw in his Spirits to comfort his heart; the other that of <HI>Ia&s;on</HI> by fetching away his golden Fleece, and not &s;uffering any one man quietly to enjoy that, which every man &s;o much affected.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="9" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IX.</HEAD>
<P>TO carry war into the bowels of <HI>Spain,</HI> and by the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> burn his &s;hipping in all havens as they pa&s;&s;ed along; and in that pa&s;&s;age &s;urprize &s;ome well|cho&s;en place for wealth, &amp; &s;trength: ea&s;ie to be taken, and po&s;&s;ible to be
<PB N="106" REF="58">
kept by us: he &s;uppo&s;ed to be the &s;afe&s;t, mo&s;t quick, and honourable Coun&s;ell of diver&s;ion. Becau&s;e the &s;ame &s;trength of &s;hipping which was offen&s;ively imployed to carry forces thither; and by the way to interrupt all Martiall preparations, and provi|&s;ions of that griping &s;tate; might by the convenient di&s;tance between his Coa&s;t, &amp; ours (if the <HI>Spaniard</HI> &s;hould affect to pay us with our own mo|nies) fitly be di&s;po&s;ed both wayes; and &s;o like two arms of a naturall bo|dy (with little addition of charge) defend, and offend; &s;pend and &s;up|ply at one time.</P>
<P>Or, if we found our own &s;tock, or neighbours contribution &s;trong e|nough to follow good &s;ucce&s;s to greater de&s;ignes; then whether our adventure once more, in &s;tirring up &s;pirit in the <HI>Portugall</HI> again&s;t the <HI>Ca|&s;tilians</HI> tyranny over them, were not to ca&s;t a chance for the be&s;t part of his wealth, reputation, &amp; &s;trength, both
<PB N="107" REF="58">
of men and &s;hipping in all his domi|nions.</P>
<P>Again, le&s;t the pride of <HI>Spain</HI> &s;hould be &s;ecretly ordain'd to &s;courge it &s;elf, for having been a &s;courge to &s;o ma|ny, and yet in this reall inqui&s;ition e|&s;cape the audacity of undertaking Princes; Sir <HI>Philip</HI> thought fit to put the world in mind, that <HI>Sevill</HI> was a fair City; &s;ecure in a rich &s;oyl, and plentiful traffique; but an effeminate kind of people, guarded with a con|quering name; and con&s;equently a fair bait to the piercing eyes of ambi|tious Generals, needy Souldiers, and greedy Mariners. In like &s;ort hee mentioned <HI>Cales,</HI> as a &s;trength, and key to her traffiquefull, &amp; navigable river, not fit to be neglected in &s;uch a defen&s;ive, and diverting enterpri&s;e, but at lea&s;t to be examined.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, whether this audacity of undertaking the conqueror at home; would not, with any moderate &s;uc|ce&s;s, rai&s;e up a new face of things in
<PB N="108" REF="59">
tho&s;e parts; and &s;uddainly &s;tir up many &s;pirits, to move again&s;t the &s;ame power, under which they long have bin &s;lavi&s;hly conjur'd, &amp; by this affront, prove a deforming blemi&s;h in the nice fortune of a fearfull u&s;urper?</P>
<P>Or if that &s;hall be thought an un|dertaking too full of charge, hazard, or difficulty; then whether it wil not be ju&s;t in the wi&s;dome of E&s;tate, ma|naged among active Princes; that as Qu. <HI>Elizabeth</HI> had ever been tender, in pre&s;erving her Soveraignty upon the narrow &s;eas; and wi&s;ely con&s;ide|red, how nature, to maintain that birth-right of hers, had made all wars by &s;ea far more cheap, proper, and commodious to her, than any expe|dition upon land could po&s;&s;ibly be: I &s;ay, whether to continue this claim, would not prove honour to her &s;elf, advantage to her traffique, and repu|tation to her people; I mean, if &s;hee &s;hould plea&s;e, in tho&s;e cloudy hu|mors, &amp; que&s;tions reigning between
<PB N="109" REF="59">
her &s;elf, and other Princes, to keep a &s;trong &s;ucce&s;&s;ive fleet, all &s;ea&s;onable times of the year, upon this pretty <HI>Sleeve,</HI> or <HI>Ocean</HI> of hers? I &s;ay, to keep them as provident &s;urveyers what did pa&s;&s;e from one &s;tate to another, wherein the law of Nature, or Nati|ons had formerly given her intere&s;t to an offen&s;ive, or defen&s;ive &s;ecurity. A Regall inqui&s;ition, and worthy of a &s;ea-Soveraign, without wronging friends, or neighbours, to have a per|fect intelligence what they had, or wanted for delicacy, peace, or war in generall: And in particular, a clear per&s;pective gla&s;s into her enemies Merchant, or Martiall traffique, ena|bling this Queen &s;o to ballance this ambitious <HI>Leviathan</HI> in either kind; as the little fi&s;hes, his fellow Citizens, might travell, multiply, &amp; live quiet|ly by him under the protecton of na|ture.</P>
<P>Again, let us con&s;ider, whether out of this, or the like Audit, it will not
<PB N="110" REF="60">
be found a ju&s;t tribute to opportuni|ty, the rudder of all &s;tate wi&s;edoms. That as Qu. <HI>Elizabeth</HI> was a Sove|raign, which re&s;ted with her &s;ex at home, and yet moved all &s;exes a|broad to their own good; whether (I &s;ay) as &s;he from a devoted zeal to the Church, had by Sir <HI>Nich. Throgmorton,</HI> in the beginning of her reign, &s;tirred up &s;pirits in that over-mitred <HI>French</HI> Kingdom, to become watchful guar|dians of peace, and Religion there. I &s;ay, whether in the &s;ame Chri&s;tian providence there might not, by the neglect, or breach of many Treaties, an occa&s;ion be ju&s;tly taken to reap a rea&s;onable harve&s;t out of that well|cho&s;en &s;eed time, by receiving <HI>Rochel, Brest, Bourdeaux,</HI> or any other place upon that Continent, di&s;tre&s;&s;ed for Religion, into her ab&s;olute protecti|on? Neverthele&s;s, not with intent of reconquering any part of her ancient Domanies, lineally de&s;cended from many ance&s;tors; how&s;oever tho&s;e
<PB N="111" REF="60">
places &s;o taken may &s;eem &s;eated like tempters of Princes, to plead in the Court of <HI>Mars</HI> &s;uch native, though di&s;continued rights, as no time can pre&s;cribe again&s;t; but only to keep tho&s;e humble religious &s;ouls free from oppre&s;&s;ion, in that &s;uper-Je&s;ui|ted &s;overaignty.</P>
<P>In which religious de&s;igne to en|courage the Qu. he advi&s;ed us to ex|amine if the diver&s;ions naturally ri|&s;ing among&s;t their unlimited <HI>French Grandees,</HI> grown up <HI>per &s;altum</HI> with their Kings above Laws, Parliaments, and Peoples freedom; would not in all probability ca&s;t up &s;om light du&s;t into their &s;uperiors eys, as tributes to their common Idol <HI>Di&s;corder;</HI> and &s;o perchance either by treaty, or &s;ight of the fir&s;t Army, &s;tir up <HI>Bouillon,</HI> &amp; <HI>Ro|han</HI> for Religion; other Roytelets w^t^h hope to make &s;afe their &s;ubaltern governments, even through the ru|ines of that over-&s;oring &s;overaignty?</P>
<P>And is not as probable again, that
<PB N="112" REF="61">
even the greate&s;t Cities, rai&s;ed and &s;tanding upon the like waving en|croachments of time, &amp; advantagi|ous power would readily become jealous of the lea&s;t &s;trict hand carried over them, by interruption of traf|fique, greedine&s;s of Governors, pride of their own wealth, or indefinite impo&s;itions; as <HI>Paris, Bourdeaux, Mar|&s;eilles, Roan,</HI> or <HI>Lyons?</HI> whereby they might likewi&s;e be tempted, either to run head-long with the &s;tream, or at the lea&s;t to &s;tand at gaze, and leave the Heraldry of Princes to be deci|ded by the &s;tronger party, as for the mo&s;t part, they hitherto have been.</P>
<P>Nay in this Climax to come nearer yet; is it probable that even the Ca|tholique Princes, and Provinces en|vironing this va&s;t Kingdome, would (as now they doe) for want of vent, break their hopes, and &s;ervilly run out upon the ground like water, and not rather when this new rent &s;hould appear, chu&s;e to &s;hake off a charge|able,
<PB N="109" REF="61">
&amp; &s;ervile yoke of Mountebank holine&s;s under <HI>Spani&s;h Rome,</HI> and to that end pre&s;ently mingle money, coun&s;els, and forces with ours? As quickly re&s;olved that this way of a ballancing union, among&s;t ab&s;olute Princes, would prove quieter re&s;t for them, and &s;ounder foundations for us, than our former parties did, when we conquered <HI>France,</HI> more by &s;uch factious &amp; ambitious a&s;&s;i&s;tances, than by any odds of our Bows, or Beef-ea|ters, as the <HI>French</HI> were then &s;cornful|ly pleas'd to terme us: I &s;ay, even when in the pride of our conque&s;ts, we &s;trove to gripe more than was po&s;&s;ible for us to hold; as appears by our being forced to come away, and leave our ance&s;tors bloud, and bones behind, for Monuments not of enjoy|ing, but of over-griping &amp; expul&s;ion.</P>
<P>So that the &s;um of all is; whether the taking or &s;urprize of <HI>Cales, Rochel, Bourdeaux,</HI> or &s;ome &s;uch other good out, or inlet upon that Mayn, offered, into our protection, would not prove
<PB N="110" REF="62">
honour to us, as a brave earne&s;t either to war, or peace? Beneficiall to the <HI>French</HI> King, and Crown again&s;t their wills; as manife&s;ting to their hot &s;pi|rits, and young Councels, that under|taking is not all? And be&s;ides clearly &s;hewing, in <HI>Mars</HI> his true gla&s;s, how that once wel-formed Monarchy had by little, and little, let fal her ancient, and reverend pillars, (I mean Parlia|ments, Lawes, and Cu&s;tomes) into the narrowne&s;s of Proclamations, or Imperiall Mandates: by which like ba&s;tard children of tyranny &s;he hath transformed her Gentry into Pea|&s;ants, her Pea&s;ants into &s;laves, Magi|&s;tracy into Sale works, Crown-reve|nue into Impo&s;itions. And therein likewi&s;e publi&s;hed the differences between Monarchs, and Tyrants &s;o clearly to the world, as hereafter all E&s;tates, that would take upon their necks the yoke of Tyranny, mu&s;t ju&s;tly be reputed voluntary &s;laves in the choice of that pa&s;&s;ive bondage.</P>
<P>Whereby, one que&s;tion naturally
<PB N="111" REF="62">
begetting another, the next (as I take it) mu&s;t be what this Au&s;trian a&s;piring familie would doe, while the&s;e two Kingdoms &s;hould &s;tand thus engaged? Whether invade the King of <HI>Denmark</HI> alone, hoping by his ruine to &s;ubdue the yet &s;ubdued Princes of <HI>Germany</HI> to get the Sound, and Ea&s;tern Seas, with all their Ma|ritime riches into his power: to bring the Han&s;e Towns into &s;ome captivated &s;ubjections, and thereby become Soveraign over all <HI>Ea&s;tern</HI> traffique by Sea, and land? Or el&s;e by lulling <HI>France</HI> a&s;leep with Imperiall Matches, or promi&s;es, finde means to &s;teal the Flower-de-luce into the Lyons garland; and in that currant of pro&s;perity to Citadellize the long oppre&s;&s;ed <HI>Netherlands</HI> into a te|nure of uttermo&s;t bondage; and &s;o build up his Eagles ne&s;t above the threatning of any inferior Region.</P>
<P>But it many times plea&s;eth God by the breaking out of concealed fla&s;h|es from the&s;e fatall cloudes of craft,
<PB N="112" REF="63">
or violence, to awake even the mo&s;t &s;uper&s;titious Princes out of their en|chanted dreams; and cau&s;e them to re&s;i&s;t &s;uddainly to make head a|gain&s;t this devouring <HI>Sultan,</HI> with leagues offen&s;ive, and defen&s;ive; And by an unexpected union to become &s;uch frontier neighbours to this Crown-hunter, as he might with great rea&s;on doubt their trading up|on his large cloven feet, who inten|ded to have &s;et them &s;o heavily up|on the heads of many more ancient States, Peoples, or Scepters than his own. And la&s;tly, in the &s;ame pre&s;s, by this one affront in the Lions face, publi&s;hing to the world that power is infinite no where but in God: &s;o as the fir&s;t blow well &s;tricken, mo&s;t commonly &s;ucceeds with honor, and advantage to the judicious, able, and active undertakers.</P>
<P>Out of which divine providence, governing all &s;econd cau&s;es by the fir&s;t, is it not probable that even the naturall vici&s;&s;itudes of war, and
<PB N="113" REF="63">
peace, would bring forth &s;ome active propo&s;itions between the&s;e many waies allied Kingdomes of <HI>England,</HI> and <HI>France,</HI> to a perfect reconciliati|on, and as many again of irreconci|liable divi&s;ion between them, and <HI>Spain? France</HI> being &s;tirred up by a joint coun&s;ell, and propo&s;ition of a&s;&s;i&s;tance, to the recovery of her long &s;leeping rights in <HI>Navarre,</HI> or <HI>Naples;</HI> and <HI>England</HI> onely to di&s;tract this ambitious Monarch from his late Cu&s;tom, in depo&s;ing Kings, and Princes, as <HI>Navarre, Portugall,</HI> the <HI>Palatine, Brun&s;wick,</HI> and &amp;c. as in a &s;e|cond cour&s;e of his devouring glutto|ny, interrupt him from future pro|&s;ecutions of <HI>Denmark,</HI> and <HI>Germany</HI> it &s;elf, to the &s;ame end; with his con|&s;tant intent, to bring all the earth under one mans tyranny.</P>
<P>To prevent which deluge of bound|le&s;s power, Sir <HI>Philip</HI> was of opinion, that more than charge, it could be no prejudice; if to the unvizarding of this masked triplicity between
<PB N="114" REF="64">
<HI>Spain, Rome</HI> and the Soveraign Ie&s;u|its of <HI>France;</HI> I &s;ay if the <HI>Queen,</HI> as de|fendre&s;s of the faith, for a main pledg of this new offen&s;ive, and defen&s;ive undertaken league, would be plea|&s;ed to a&s;&s;i&s;t the French King with the &s;ame forces by Sea, or land, where|with, till then, &s;he had ju&s;tly oppo&s;ed again&s;t him. And con&s;equently put|ing the Spaniard from an offen&s;ive, to a defen&s;ive War, manife&s;tly pub|li&s;h, and give credit to this unbelie|ved truth, <HI>viz.</HI> that this Arch-Con|queror never intended other favor to the Pope, Emperor, or Ie&s;uits, in all this conjunction, than <HI>Poliphemus</HI> promi&s;ed to <HI>&V;ly&s;&s;es,</HI> which was, that they &s;hould be the la&s;t whom he purpo&s;ed to devour.</P>
<P>And farther to encourage the&s;e great Princes in this true balancing de&s;igne with the chargeable, and thorny pa&s;&s;ages proper to it; he pro|vidently &s;aw the long threatned Dutchie of <HI>Savoy</HI> would be in their view: with a&s;&s;urance that this active
<PB N="115" REF="64">
Prince would think it a &s;afe diver&s;i|&s;ion of dangers from his dome&s;ticall E&s;tate, and a fit &s;tage to act his for|rain cobwebbs upon, if he might have them &s;hadowed under the wings of &s;tronger, and every way more able Powers; without which his mean E&s;tate mu&s;t in all probabi|lity force him to &s;hift his outward garments perchance too often.</P>
<P>The <HI>Venetians</HI> again, fore&s;eeing with their Ari&s;tocraticall jealou&s;ie, that their E&s;tate had onely two pregnant dangers hanging over it; the one Ea&s;tward from the grand Signior, who ea&s;ily moves not his encom|pa&s;&s;ing half Moon; the other We&s;t|ward from this <HI>Solyman</HI> of <HI>Spain,</HI> who&s;e un&s;atiable ambition, they knew, would re&s;t upon no centre, but creep along the Mediterranean Seas, till he might (contrary to the nature of tho&s;e waters) over-flow all weak; or &s;ecure neighbor Princes, without any other title, or quarrell, than <HI>Stet pro ratione voluntas.</HI> And fore&s;eeing a|gain
<PB N="116" REF="65">
in this &s;uddain violence, that they could expect no E&s;tate to be &s;elfly engaged in their &s;uccor; but mu&s;t re|&s;olve to &s;tand, or fall alone by that cour&s;e. Where, on the other &s;ide, if the Ea&s;tern half-Moon &s;hould but &s;eem to move towards them, they were a&s;&s;ured to have all the E&s;tates of <HI>Europe,</HI> engaged by their own in|tere&s;ts, to joine with them. Upon this view there is no doubt, but that wi&s;e City would have re&s;olved it to be a choice of le&s;s evill, to joine with the&s;e great Princes, in diverting his Spani&s;h gallies, and galleons by Sea, and his inveterate Armies by land from di&s;turbing, or &s;ubjecting the &s;afety, and traffique of all Chri&s;ten|dom to his &s;even patch'd coated Kingdomes, rather than for want of heart or opportunity, to &s;tand neuter (as they doe) and become trea&s;urers both of money, and munition for him, that already intends thus to conquer them, and enjoy it.</P>
<P>Again, &s;hall we (&s;aid Sir <HI>Philip)</HI> in
<PB N="117" REF="65">
the&s;e collections of particulars, for|get the State of <HI>Italy</HI> it &s;elf? which excellent temper of &s;pirits, earth, and aire, having long been &s;mothered, and mowed down by the differing Tyrannies of <HI>Spain,</HI> and <HI>Rome,</HI> &s;hall we not be confident they would, up|on the approaching of the&s;e armies, both &s;tir up tho&s;e benumbed Sove|raignties, which onely bear the name of free Princes, to affect their own Manumi&s;&s;ions, &amp; help to cha&s;e away the&s;e &s;ucceeding and oppre&s;&s;ing Garri&s;ons, who&s;e fore-fathers forma|ny yeares had &s;old life, libertie, and lawes for eight pence the day; and &s;o re&s;olutely oppo&s;e tho&s;e Spani&s;h|born, or Spani&s;h-&s;worn Tyrannies, which have for divers ages Lorded over that mo&s;t equally tempered Nation.</P>
<P>Or whether the winter in tho&s;e Seas, giving opportunity without &s;u&s;pition, may not encourage the Claim of our old rights in the King|dom of <HI>Sicilie,</HI> more legall than mo&s;t
<PB N="118" REF="66">
of his Spani&s;h intru&s;ions; and there|in be welcome to the Grand Signior, the freedom of <HI>Algiers,</HI> even to <HI>Italy</HI> it &s;elf. And be&s;ides, if we pro&s;pered, yield abundance of wealth by &s;poil, and trade: with &s;uch a &s;eat for di|ver&s;ion, or po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion, as by many vi|&s;ible, and invi&s;ible helps, might be kept, or put away with infinite ad|vantage?</P>
<P>La&s;tly, he made a Quaere, whether the Pope him&s;elf would not (like a &s;ecular Prophet) to keep his becom|ing Chaplain a little the farther off; either wink, or at lea&s;t delay his thundering cur&s;es, or &s;upplies of <HI>Pe|ter-pence</HI> again&s;t the&s;e qualifying Ar|mies, onely to moderate the over|greatne&s;&s;e of his Spani&s;h Monarchie? who&s;e infancie having been nouri&s;h|ed under the Miters holy water, and &s;ophi&s;tries of his practi&s;ing <HI>Conclaves,</HI> dares now imperiou&s;ly publi&s;h to the world a re&s;olution, of taking all other di&s;tinctions from among&s;t men, &s;aving that Canonicall regi|ment
<PB N="119" REF="66">
of wit and might, whereby he might &s;o pre&s;erve his &s;pirituall am|bition entire, without any charge or change of Religion, or Soveraignties from one hand to another, but like a holy father mediate the re&s;toring of <HI>Italy</HI> to her ancient free, and di&s;tinct Principalities. Whereby now by this moderate cour&s;e, admit the Pope for his part, &s;hould impair his temporall profits, and &s;ubaltern jurisdiction a while; yet &s;hall he be &s;ure, (as I &s;aid) to multiply his &s;pirituall honors, and inlarge that Kingdom, by the&s;e works of <HI>Supererogation.</HI> And by joyning with his fellow Princes in a contribution, by way of accompt, or countenance to pay the&s;e great Ar|mies, be &s;ure to &s;it rent-free under his, and their own vines, as ab&s;olute &s;pirituall, and temporall Princes ought to doe?</P>
<P>From which (&s;aith he) this con|clu&s;ion will probably follow; that the undertaking of this <HI>Antonie</HI> &s;in|gle, I mean <HI>France,</HI> would prove a
<PB N="120" REF="67">
begetting of brave occa&s;ions jointly to di&s;turb this Spani&s;h <HI>Ottoman,</HI> in all his waies of crafty, or forcible conque&s;ts. E&s;pecially &s;ince <HI>Queen Eli|zabeth,</HI> the &s;tandard of this con|junction, would infallibly incline to unite with the better part, and by a &s;uddain changing of <HI>Mars</HI> his Impe|rious En&s;ignes, into a well ballanced treaty of univer&s;all Peace, re&s;tore and keep the world within her old <HI>equilibrium</HI> or bounds.</P>
<P>And the rather, becau&s;e her long cu&s;tom in governing, would quickly have made her di&s;cern, that it had been impo&s;&s;ible, by force, or any human wi&s;dom to have qualified the&s;e over-grown Combinations of <HI>Spain;</HI> but onely by a countermining of party with party, and a di&s;tracting of exorbitant de&s;ires, by ca&s;ting a gray-headed cloud of fear over them; thereby manife&s;ting the well di&s;gui&s;ed yokes of bondage, under which our Modern Conquerors would craftily entice the Nown-ad|jective-natured
<PB N="121" REF="67">
Princes, and &s;ubjects of this time to &s;ubmit their necks. A map (as it plea&s;ed her to &s;ay) of his &s;ecrets, in which &s;he confe&s;&s;ed her|&s;elf to be the more ripe, becau&s;e un|der the like fal&s;e En&s;ignes, though perchance better ma&s;ked, &s;he had &s;een <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd after the &s;ame mea&s;ure, or with little difference, to <HI>Henry</HI> the third of <HI>France,</HI> a princi|pall fellow-member in that earthly founded, though heavenly &s;eeming Church of <HI>Rome,</HI> when he redelivered <HI>Amiers, Abbeville,</HI> &amp;c. together with that fouldier-like pa&s;&s;age made by the Duke of <HI>Parma</HI> through <HI>France,</HI> to the relief of <HI>Paris;</HI> yet whether this provident <HI>Philip</HI> did frame the&s;e &s;pe|cious charities of a conqueror, <HI>Au|gu&s;tus-</HI>like, a&s;piring to live after death greater than his &s;ucce&s;&s;or; or providently fore&s;eeing that the di|vers humors in &s;ucceeding Princes, would prove unable to maintain &s;uch green u&s;urpations, in the heart of a Kingdom competitor with his
<PB N="122" REF="68">
&s;even-headed <HI>Hydra</HI> kept together onely by a con&s;tant and unnaturall wheel of fortune, till &s;ome new child of hers, like <HI>Henry</HI> the fourth, &s;hould take his turn in re&s;toring all unju&s;t combinations or encroch|ments; or la&s;tly, whether, like a true cutter of Cumine &s;eedes, he did not craftily lay the&s;e hypocritall &s;acrifi|ces upon the Altar of death, as peace|offerings from pride to the temple of fear, as &s;moaks dying of a di&s;ea|&s;ed con&s;cience choked up with inno|cent bloud: of all which perplexed pedigrees, I know not what to de|termine otherwi&s;e; than that the&s;e Tyrannicall enchrochments doe car|ry the images of Hell, and her thun|der-workers, in their own brea&s;ts, as fortune doth misfortunes in that wind-blown, va&s;t, and various womb of hers.</P>
<P>Or if this &s;hould &s;eem of too high a nature, or too many chargeable parts: then whether to begin again where we left and by the example
<PB N="123" REF="68">
of <HI>Drake,</HI> a mean born &s;ubject to the Crown of <HI>England,</HI> invade, po&s;&s;e&s;s, &amp; <GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">nhabite &s;ome well cho&s;en havens in <HI>Peru, Mexico,</HI> or both, were not to &s;trike at the root, &amp; a&s;&s;ail him where he is weake&s;t; &amp; yet gathers his chie|fe&s;t &s;trength to make him&s;elf Mo|narch over all the We&s;tern Climes? &s;upplyes being as ea&s;ie to us, as to him, we having both winds, and &s;eas indifferently open between us.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="10" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. X.</HEAD>
<P>UPon due con&s;ideration of which particulars, he fore-&s;eeing that each of the former required greater re&s;olution, union, and expen&s;e, than the naturality, diffidence, and quiet complexion of the Princes then reig|ning could well bear; and be&s;ides the freedome of choyce to bee taken a|way, or at the lea&s;t ob&s;tructed by fa|tall mi&s;ts of ignorance, or factious coun&s;ells reigning among the Mini|&s;ters of Kings: he re&s;olved from the
<PB N="124" REF="69">
grounds of his former intended voi|age with Sir <HI>Francis Drake,</HI> that the only credible means left, was, to a&s;|&s;ail him by inva&s;ion, or incur&s;ion (as occa&s;ion fell out) in &s;ome part of that rich, and de&s;ert We&s;t-Indian Mine.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, becau&s;e it is an ob&s;ervation among the wi&s;e&s;t, that as no man is a Prophet in his own Countrey; &s;o all men may get honour much cheaper far off than at home, and at &s;ea more ea&s;ily than at land.</P>
<P>Secondly, in re&s;pect he di&s;covered the Spani&s;h conque&s;ts in tho&s;e re|mote parts, &s;o much noi&s;ed through|out the world, to be indeed like their Je&s;uits Miracles; which comming far, were multiplied by Fame and Art, to keep other Nation sin wonder, and blind wor&s;hip.</P>
<P>Thirdly, out of confident beliefe, that their inhumane cruelties had &s;o di&s;peopled, &amp; di&s;plea&s;ed tho&s;e coun|treys; that as he was &s;ure to find no great power to with&s;tand him; &s;o might he well hope the Reliques of
<PB N="125" REF="69">
tho&s;e oppre&s;&s;ed <HI>Cimerons</HI> would joy|fully take Arms with any forrainer to redeem their liberty, and revenge their parents bloud.</P>
<P>Fourthly, by rea&s;on the &s;cale of di|&s;tance between <HI>Spain</HI> &amp; <HI>America</HI> was &s;o great; as it infallibly a&s;&s;ured Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> he &s;hould find lea&s;ure enough to land, fortifie, and become Ma&s;ter of the field, before any &s;uccour could come thither to interrupt him.</P>
<P>Fiftly, the pride, delicacy, and &s;ecu|rity of the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> which made him live without Di&s;cipline; and tru&s;t more to the greatne&s;s of his name a|broad, than any &s;trength, order, cou|rage, or munition at home.</P>
<P>Sixtly, Sir <HI>Philip</HI> prophecying what the pedigrees of Princes did warrant, I mean the happy conjunction of of <HI>Scotland,</HI> to the&s;e populous Realms <HI>England</HI> &amp; <HI>Ireland;</HI> fore&s;aw, that if this multitude of people were not &s;tudiou&s;ly husbanded, and di&s;po&s;ed, they would rather dimini&s;h, than add any &s;trength to this Monarchy.
<PB N="126" REF="70">
Which danger (he conjectured) could only by this de&s;igne of forrain im|ploiment, or the peaceable harve&s;t of manufactures at home, be &s;afely pre|vented.</P>
<P>The &s;eventh, and a chief motive in|deed was, that no other action could be le&s;s &s;ubject to emulation of Court, le&s;s &s;training to the pre&s;ent humors of State, more concurring with expe|ctation, and voice of time; nor where|in there was greater po&s;&s;ibility of improving merit, wealth, &amp; friends.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, he did, as all undertakers mu&s;t doe, believe that there is ever good intelligence between chance &amp; hazard, and &s;o left &s;ome things not &s;ummed up before hand by exact mi|nutes. But rather thought good to venture upon the ca&s;t of a <HI>Rubicon</HI> Dy; either to &s;top his &s;prings of gold, and &s;o drie up that torrent which carried his &s;ubduing Armies every where; or el&s;e by the wakefull pro|vidence of threatned neighbors, force him to waft home that conquering
<PB N="127" REF="70">
Metall with infinite charge, and not|with&s;tanding unwarranted from en|riching tho&s;e enemies, whom he prin|cipally &s;tudied to &s;uppre&s;s by it.</P>
<P>To confirm which opinion, he fore|&s;aw how this racked vanity of the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> government (intending to work a change in the free cour&s;e of nature) had interdicted all manu|facture, traffick, or vent by &s;ea, or land, between the natives of <HI>Ameri|ca,</HI> &amp; all nations el&s;e, <HI>Spain</HI> excepted. And withall, to make the barrenne&s;s of <HI>Spain</HI> more fertile, how he had im|proved that idle <HI>Ca&s;tilian,</HI> by imploy|ments, in activene&s;s, wealth, and au|thority over tho&s;e vanqui&s;hed crea|tures; &s;uffering the poor native <HI>Ame|ricans</HI> to be &s;uppre&s;t with heavy im|po&s;itions, di&s;couraging idlene&s;s, bon|dage of laws, &s;heering of the humble &s;heep to cloath the proud devouring Wolves; finally, under the&s;e, &amp; &s;uch like quinte&s;&s;ences of tyranny &s;triving (as I &s;aid) even be&s;ides nature, to make barren <HI>Spain</HI> the Monarchy, &amp;
<PB N="128" REF="71">
that every way more fertile <HI>America</HI> to be the Province. All which affecti|ons of power to be wi&s;er, &amp; &s;tronger than the truth, this Gentleman con|cluded would in fulnes of time make manife&s;t; that the heavy can no more be forced to a&s;cend, and re&s;t fixed there, than the light to goe down|ward, as to their proper center.</P>
<P>Notwith&s;tanding, the &s;tate of Ty|rants is &s;o &s;ublime, and their errors founded upon &s;uch precipitate &s;teps, as this growing <HI>Spaniard</HI> both did, doth, and ever will travell (with his forefathers in Paradi&s;e) to be equall, or above his Maker; and &s;o to impri|&s;on divine laws within the narrownes of will, and humane wi&s;dome, with the fettred &s;elfsne&s;&s;es of cowardly or other confident Tyranny. In which prepo&s;terous cour&s;es, to prevent all po&s;&s;ibility of commotion, let the Reader be plea&s;ed to ob&s;erve, how that continually he forceth his own &s;ubjects free-denized in <HI>Ameri|ca,</HI> to fetch weapons of defence, con|que&s;t,
<PB N="129" REF="71">
inva&s;ion; as well as ornament, wealth, nece&s;&s;ity, and delicacy, out of <HI>Spain,</HI> meerly to retain want, &s;upply, price, weight, fa&s;hion, and mea&s;ure, &s;till (contrary to nature) in that bar|ren Crown of <HI>Ca&s;tile,</HI> with an ab&s;o|lute power re&s;ting in him&s;elf to rock, or ea&s;e both peoples, according to the waving ends of an un&s;teddy, and &s;harp pointed Pyramis of power.</P>
<P>Nay, to ri&s;e yet a &s;tep higher in this bloudy pride; Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> our unbelie|ved <HI>Ca&s;&s;andra,</HI> ob&s;erved this limit|le&s;s ambition of the <HI>Spaniard</HI> to have cho&s;en that uttermo&s;t Citadell of bondage, I mean the Inqui&s;ition of <HI>Spain,</HI> for her in&s;trument. Not, as in former Masks, to prune, or govern; but in a confidence ri&s;ing out of the old age of &s;uper&s;titious fanta&s;ms, ut|terly to root out all &s;eeds of humane freedom; and (as Sr <HI>Philip</HI> conceived) with fatal di&s;&s;olution to it &s;elf. In re|&s;pect that the&s;e types of extremity would &s;oon publi&s;h to the world, what little difference Tyrants &s;trive
<PB N="130" REF="72">
to leave between the creation, u&s;e, and honor of men, and bea&s;ts, valu|ing them indifferently but as Coun|ters, to &s;um up the divers, nay con|trary u&s;es, and Audits of &s;ublime and wandring &s;upremacy, which true gla&s;s would (in this Gentlemans opi|nion) &s;hew the mo&s;t dull &amp; coward|ly eye, that Tyrants be not nur&s;ing Fathers, but &s;tep-fathers; and &s;o no anointed deputies of God, but rather lively Images of the dark Prince, that &s;ole author of di&s;-creation, and di&s;|order, who ever ruines his ends with over-building.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, where his rea&s;on ended, there many divine Precepts, and Ex|amples did a&s;&s;ure him, that the ven|geance of God mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily hang over tho&s;e hypocriticall cruelties, which under colour of converting &s;ouls to him, &s;ent millions of better than their own, they cared not whi|ther: And in &s;tead of &s;preading Chri|&s;tian religion by good life, commit|ted &s;uch terrible inhumanities, as
<PB N="131" REF="72">
gave tho&s;e that lived under nature manife&s;t occa&s;ion to abhor the devi|ly characters of &s;o tyrannical a deity.</P>
<P>Now though this ju&s;tice of the Al|mighty be many times &s;low, &amp; there|fore neglected here on earth; yet (I &s;ay) under the only conduct of this &s;tar did Sir <HI>Philip</HI> intend to revive this hazardous enterprize of Plant|ing upon the Main of <HI>America;</HI> pro|jected, nay undertaken long before, (as I &s;hewed you) but ill executed in the ab&s;ence of Sir <HI>Philip;</HI> with a de|&s;igne to po&s;&s;e&s;s <HI>Nombre de Dios,</HI> or &s;ome other haven near unto it, as places, in re&s;pect of the little di&s;tance between the two &s;eas, e&s;teemed the fitte&s;t <HI>Rendez-vouz</HI> for &s;upply, or re|treat of an Army upon all occa&s;ions. And be&s;ides, by that means to circle in his wealth and freedome, with a joynt fore-running Fleet; to the end, that if the fortune of Conque&s;t pro|&s;pered not with them, yet he &s;hould infallibly pay the charge of both Na|vies, with infinite lo&s;s, and di&s;-repu|tation to the <HI>Spaniard.</HI></P>
<P><PB N="132" REF="73">
And in this project Sir <HI>Philip</HI> pro|ceeded &s;o far with the united Pro|vinces, as they yeelded to a&s;&s;i&s;t, and &s;econd the &s;hips of his Soveraign, un|der his charge, with a fleet of their own. Which, be&s;ides a pre&s;ent addi|tion of &s;trength, he knew would lead in others by example.</P>
<P>Again, for &s;upply of the&s;e Armies, he had (out of that naturall tribute, which all free &s;pirits acknowledge to &s;uperior worth) won 30 Gentlemen of great bloud, and &s;tate here in <HI>Eng|land,</HI> every man to &s;ell one hundred pounds land, to &s;econd, and counte|nance this fir&s;t Fleet with a &s;tronger.</P>
<P>Now when the&s;e beginnings were by his own credit and indu&s;trie thus well &s;etled: then to give an excellent form to a reall work, hee contrived this new intended Plantation, not like an <HI>A&s;&s;ylum</HI> for fugitives, a <HI>Bellum Piraticum</HI> for <HI>Banditi,</HI> or any &s;uch ba&s;e <HI>Ramas</HI> of people; but as an <HI>Em|porium</HI> for the confluence of all Nations that love, or profe&s;s any
<PB N="133" REF="73">
kinde of vertue, or Commerce.</P>
<P>Wherein to incite tho&s;e that tarri|ed at home to adventure, he pro|pounded the hope of a &s;ure, and rich return. To Martiall men he opened wide the door of &s;ea and land, for fame and conque&s;t. To the nobly ambitious the far &s;tage of <HI>America,</HI> to win honour in. To the Religious di|vines, be&s;ides a new Apo&s;tolicall cal|ling of the la&s;t heathen to the Chri|&s;tian faith, a large field of reducing poor Chri&s;tians, mi&s;-led by the Ido|latry of <HI>Rome,</HI> to their mother <HI>Primi|tive</HI> Church. To the ingenuou&s;ly in|du&s;trious variety of natural riche&s;&s;es, for new my&s;teries, and manufactures to work upon. To the Merchant, with a &s;imple people, a fertile, and unexhau&s;ted earth. To the fortune|bound, liberty. To the curious, a fruitfull womb of innovation. Gene|rally the word gold was an attra|ctive Adamant, to make men venture that which they have, in hope to grow rich by that which they have not.</P>
<P><PB N="134" REF="74">
What the expectation of this voy|age was, the time pa&s;t can be&s;t wit|nes; but what the &s;ucce&s;s &s;hould have been (till it be revived by &s;ome &s;uch generous undertakers) lies hid in Gods &s;ecret judgements, who did at once cut off this Gentlemans life, and &s;o much of our hope.</P>
<P>Upon the&s;e enterpri&s;es of his, I have pre&s;umed to &s;tand the longer, be|cau&s;e from the a&s;hes of this fir&s;t pro|pounded voyage to <HI>America&punc;</HI> that fa|tall <HI>Low Country</HI> action &s;prang up, in which this worthy Gentleman lo&s;t his life. Be&s;ides, I do ingenuou&s;ly con|fe&s;s, that it delights me to keep com|pany with him, even after death; e|&s;teeming his actions, words, and con|ver&s;ation, the daintie&s;t trea&s;ure my mind could then lay up; or can at this day impart with our po&s;teritie.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="11" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. XI.</HEAD>
<P>THerefore to come at the la&s;t to that diverting imployment,
<PB N="135" REF="74">
promi&s;ed to him under his Uncle in the Low-Countries: he was, upon his return to the Court, in&s;tantly made for Garri&s;on, Governor of <HI>Flu|&s;hing,</HI> and for the Field, General of the Hor&s;e; in both which charges, his car|riage te&s;tified to the world, wi&s;dome, and valour, with addition of honour to his Country by them.</P>
<P>For in&s;tance; how like a Souldier did he behave him&s;elf, fir&s;t in contri|ving, then in executing the &s;urpri&s;e of <HI>Axil?</HI> where he revived that anci|ent, and &s;ecure di&s;cipline of order, &amp; &s;ilence in their March; and after their entrance into the town, placed a band of choice &s;ouldiers to make a &s;tand in the Market-place, for &s;ecuritie to the re&s;t, that were forced to wander up and down by direction of Com|manders; and when the &s;ervice was done, rewarded that obedience of di&s;cipline in every one, liberally, out of his own pur&s;e.</P>
<P>How providently again did he pre|&s;erve the lives and honor of our En|gli&s;h
<PB N="136" REF="75">
Army, at that enterpri&s;e of <HI>Gravelin?</HI> where though he was guid|ed by directions given him; yet whe|ther out of arguments drawn from the per&s;on of <HI>La Motte,</HI> Commander of that town, who had a generall re|putation of too much worth, either <HI>Simon-</HI>like to deceive, or ea&s;ily to be deceived; or out of the &s;trength and importance of that place, precious to the owner in many re&s;pects, the lea&s;t of which would redouble lo&s;s to the growing ambition of a Conqueror; or whether upon caution given by in|telligence; or what&s;oever light of di|ver&s;ion el&s;e; he (I &s;ay) was re&s;olute not to hazzard &s;o many principall Gentlemen, with &s;uch gallant Troops and Commanders which accompa|nied him, in that flattering expediti|on. Yet becau&s;e he kept this &s;teady coun&s;el in his own bo&s;ome, there was labouring on every &s;ide to obtain the honour of that &s;ervice. To all which gallant kind of competition, he made this an&s;wer, that his own comming
<PB N="137" REF="75">
thither was to the &s;ame end, wherein they were now become his rivalls; &amp; therfore a&s;&s;ured them, that he would not yeeld any thing to any man, which by right of his place was both due to him&s;elf, and con&s;equently di&s;|grace for him to execute by others: again, that by the &s;ame rule, he would never con&s;ent to hazzard them that were his friends, and in divers re|&s;pects his equalls, where he found rea&s;on to make many doubts, and &s;o little rea&s;on to venture him&s;elf.</P>
<P>Yet as a Commander, concluding &s;omething fit to be done, equally for obedience and triall, he made the in|ferior &s;ort of Captains try their for|tune by dice upon a drums head: the lot fell upon Sir <HI>William Brown</HI> his own Lieuetenant, who with a choice company pre&s;ently departed, recei|ving this provi&s;ionall caution from Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> that if he found practi&s;e, &amp; not faith, he &s;hould &s;treight throw down his Arms, and yeeld him&s;elf pri&s;oner; prote&s;ting that if they took
<PB N="138" REF="76">
him, he &s;hould be ran&s;omed; if they broke quarter, his death mo&s;t &s;evere|ly revenged.</P>
<P>On the&s;e forlorn companies go with this Leader, &amp; before they came into the town, found all outward &s;ig|nals exactly performed; when they were entred, every &s;treet &s;afe and quiet, according to promi&s;e, till they were pa&s;t any ea&s;ie recovery of the gate; then in&s;tantly out of the cellars under ground, they were charged by Hor&s;e and Foot. The Leader, follow|ing his Generalls commandement, di&s;covers the trea&s;on, throws down his arms, and is taken pri&s;oner. The re&s;t of the company retire, or rather fly towards their &s;hips, but &s;til woun|ded and cut off by pur&s;uit of their enemies; till at length a Serjeant of a band, with fifteen more, all <HI>Sidney</HI>'s men (I mean &s;uch as could die to win honour, and do &s;ervice to their coun|try) made a halt, and being fortunate|ly mixt of pikes, halberds, and mu&s;|kets, re&s;olved to be &s;lain with their
<PB N="139" REF="76">
backs to their friends, and their faces to their enemies; they moved, or &s;tai|ed with occa&s;ion; and were in both continually charged with Foot and Hor&s;e, till in the end eight were &s;lain, and eight left alive. With the&s;e the Serjeant wounded at the &s;ide with a &s;quare die out of a field-piece, made this brave retreat within view, and at la&s;t protection of their own Navy; bringing home even in the wounds, nay ruins of him&s;elf, and company, reputation of courage, and Martiall di&s;cipline to his Country.</P>
<P>Moreover, in tho&s;e private acci|dents of di&s;contentment &amp; quarrell, which naturally accompany great &s;pirits in the be&s;t governed Camps, how di&s;creetly did Sir <HI>Philip</HI> ballance that brave <HI>Hollock,</HI> made head of a party again&s;t his Uncle? When put|ing him&s;elf between indignities of|fered to his Soveraign, through the Earl of <HI>Leice&s;ters</HI> per&s;on; and yet not fit for a &s;upreme Governors place to ground a duel upon; he brought
<PB N="140" REF="77">
tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ionate charges, which the Count <HI>Hollock</HI> addre&s;&s;ed upwards to the Earl down by degrees upon him|&s;elf. Where that brave Count <HI>Hol|lock</HI> found Sir <HI>Philip</HI> &s;o fortified with wi&s;dom, courage, and truth; be&s;ides the &s;trong partie of former friend|&s;hip &s;tanding for him in the Counts noble nature; as though &s;en&s;e of ho|nour, and many things el&s;e equal, and unequal between them, were in ap|parance beyond po&s;&s;iblitie of pee|cing; yet this one inequality of right on Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s &s;ide, made the pro|pounder calm; and by coming to terms of expo&s;tulation, did not only reconcile tho&s;e two worthy &s;pirits, one to another, more firmly than be|fore; but withall through him&s;elf wrought, if not a kind of unitie be|tween the Earl of <HI>Leicester,</HI> and the Count <HI>Hollock,</HI> at lea&s;t a finall &s;ur|cea&s;e of all violent jealou&s;ies, or facti|ous expo&s;tulations.</P>
<P>The&s;e particulars I only point out, leaving the re&s;t for them, that may,
<PB N="141" REF="77">
perchance, write larger &s;tories of that time. To be &s;hort; not in comple|ments and art, but reall proofe given of his &s;ufficience above others, in ve|ry little time his reputation, and au|thority among&s;t that active people grew &s;o fa&s;t, as it had been no hard matter for him, with the di&s;advan|tage of his Uncle, and di&s;traction of our affairs in tho&s;e parts, to have rai|&s;ed him&s;elf a fortune there. But in the whole cour&s;e of his life, he did &s;o con&s;tantly ballance ambition with the &s;afe precepts of divine, and mo|ral duty, as no pretence what&s;oever could have enti&s;ed that Gentleman, to break through the circle of a good Patriot.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="12" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. XII</HEAD>
<P>THus &s;hall it &s;uffice me to have trod out &s;ome &s;teps of this <HI>Bri|tane Scipio,</HI> thereby to give the lear|ned a &s;cantling, for drawing out the
<PB N="142" REF="78">
re&s;t of his dimen&s;ions by proportion. And to the end the abruptne&s;s of this Treati&s;e may &s;uit more equally with his fortune, I will cut off his Actions, as God did his Life, in the mid&s;t; and &s;o conclude with his death.</P>
<P>In which pa&s;&s;age, though the pride of fle&s;h, and glory of Mankind be commonly &s;o allyed, as the behol|ders &s;eldome &s;ee any thing el&s;e in it, but objects of horror, and pittie; yet had the fall of this man &s;uch natural degrees, that the wound whereof he died, made rather an addition, than diminution to his &s;pirits. So that he &s;hewed the world, in a &s;hort progre&s;s to a long home, pa&s;&s;ing fair, and wel|drawn lines; by the guide of which, all pilgrims of this life may conduct them&s;elves humbly into the haven of everla&s;ting re&s;t.</P>
<P>When that unfortunate &s;tand was to be made before <HI>Zutphen,</HI> to &s;top the i&s;&s;uing out of the Spani&s;h Army from a &s;treict; with what alacrity &s;o|ever
<PB N="143" REF="78">
he went to actions of honor, yet remembring that upon ju&s;t grounds the ancient Sages de&s;cribe the wor|thie&s;t per&s;ons to be ever be&s;t armed, he had compleatly put on his; but meeting the Mar&s;hall of the Camp lightly armed (who&s;e honour in that art would not &s;uffer this unenvious <HI>Themistocles</HI> to &s;leep) the un&s;potted emulation of his heart, to venture without any inequalitie, made him ca&s;t off his Cui&s;&s;es; and &s;o, by the &s;e|cret influence of de&s;tinie, to di&s;arm that part, where God (it &s;eems) had re&s;olved to &s;trike him. Thus they go on, every man in the head of his own Troop; and the weather being mi&s;ty, fell unawares upon the enemie, who had made a &s;trong &s;tand to receive them, near to the very walls of <HI>Zut|phen;</HI> by rea&s;on of which accident their Troops fell, not only unexpect|edly to be engaged within the levell of the great &s;hot, that played from the Rampiers, but more fatally with|in
<PB N="144" REF="79">
&s;hot of their Mu&s;kets, which were layd in ambu&s;h within their own trenches.</P>
<P>Now whether this were a de&s;pe|rate cure in our Leaders, for a de&s;|perate di&s;ea&s;e; or whether mi&s;pri|&s;ion, neglect, audacity, or what el&s;e induced it, it is no part of my office to determine, but onely to make the narration clear, and deliver rumor, as it pa&s;&s;ed then, without any &s;tain, or enammel.</P>
<P>How&s;oever, by this &s;tand, an un|fortunate hand out of tho&s;e fore|&s;poken Trenches, brake the bone of Sir <HI>Philip</HI>'s thigh with a Mu&s;ket-&s;hot. The hor&s;e he rode upon, was rather furiou&s;ly cholleric, than bravely proud, and &s;o forced him to for&s;ake the field, but not his back, as the no|ble&s;t, and fitte&s;t biere to carry a Martiall Commander to his grave. In which &s;ad progre&s;s, pa&s;&s;ing along by the re&s;t of the Army, where his Uncle the Generall was, and being
<PB N="145" REF="79">
thir&s;tie with exce&s;s of bleeding, he called for drink, which was pre&s;ent|ly brought him; but as he was put|ting the bottle to his mouth, he &s;aw a poor Souldier carryed along, who had eaten his la&s;t at the &s;ame Fea&s;t, ga&s;tly ca&s;ting up his eyes at the bottle. Which Sir <HI>Philip</HI> percei|ving, took it from his head, before he drank, and delivered it to the poor man, with the&s;e words, <HI>Thy nece&s;sity is yet greater than mine.</HI> And when he had pledged this poor &s;ouldier, he was pre&s;ently carried to <HI>Arnheim.</HI></P>
<P>Where the principal Chirurgions of the Camp attended for him; &s;ome mercinarily out of gain, others out of honour to their Art, but the mo&s;t of them with a true zeal (compoun|ded of love and reverence) to doe him good, and (as they thought) many Nations in him. When they began to dre&s;s his wound, he both by way of charge, and advice, told
<PB N="146" REF="80">
them, that while his &s;trength was yet entire, his body free from feaver, and his mind able to endure, they might freely u&s;e their art, cut, and &s;earch to the bottome. For be&s;ides his hope of health, he would make this farther profit of the pains which he mu&s;t &s;uffer, that they &s;hould bear witne&s;s, they had indeed a &s;en&s;ible natured man under their hands, yet one to whom a &s;tronger Spirit had given power above him|&s;elf, either to do, or &s;uffer. But if they &s;hould now neglect their Art, and renew torments in the declina|tion of nature, their ignorance, or over-tenderne&s;s would prove a kind of tyranny to their friend, and con|&s;equently a blemi&s;h to their reverend &s;cience.</P>
<P>With love and care well mixt, they began the cure, and continued it &s;ome &s;ixteen dayes, not with hope, but rather &s;uch confidence of his recovery, as the joy of their
<PB N="147" REF="80">
hearts over-flowed their di&s;cretion, and made them &s;pread the intelli|gence of it to the <HI>Queen,</HI> and all his noble friends here in <HI>England,</HI> where it was received, not as private, but publique good news.</P>
<P>Onely there was one Owle among all the birds, which though looking with no le&s;s zealous eyes than the re&s;t, yet &s;aw, and pre&s;aged more de|&s;pair: I mean an excellent Chirur|gion of the Count <HI>Hollocks,</HI> who al|though the Count him&s;elf lay at the &s;ame in&s;tant hurt in the throat with a Mu&s;ket &s;hot, yet did he neg|lect his own extremitie to &s;ave his friend, and to that end had &s;ent him to Sir <HI>Philip.</HI> This Chirurgion not|with&s;tanding (out of love to his Ma|&s;ter) returning one day to dre&s;s his wound, the Count cheerfully a&s;ked him how Sir <HI>Philip</HI> did? And being an&s;wered with a heavy countenance, that he was not well; at the&s;e words the worthy Prince (as having more
<PB N="148" REF="81">
&s;en&s;e of his friends wounds, than his own) cries out, Away villain, never &s;ee my face again, till thou bring bet|ter news of that mans recovery; for who&s;e redemption many &s;uch as I were happily lo&s;t.</P>
<P>This honourable act I relate, to give the world one modern example; fir&s;t, that greatne&s;s of heart is not dead every where; and then, that war is both a fitter mould to fa&s;hion it, and &s;tage to act it on, than peace can be; and la&s;tly, that the reconci|liation of enemies may prove &s;afe, and honourable, where the ciment on either &s;ide is worth. So as this <HI>Floren|tine</HI> precept concerning reconciled enemies, de&s;erves worthily to be buried with unworthines the author of it, or at lea&s;t the practi&s;e of it cryed down, and bani&s;hed, to reign among barbarous heathen &s;pirits, who while they think life the utter|mo&s;t of all things, hold it &s;afe in no body that their own errors make
<PB N="149" REF="81">
doubtfull to them. And &s;uch &s;eems every man that moves any pa&s;&s;ion, but plea&s;ure, in tho&s;e intricate na|tures.</P>
<P>Now after the &s;ixteenth day was pa&s;t, and the very &s;houlder-bones of this delicate Patient worn through his skin, with con&s;tant, and obedient po&s;turing of his body to their Art; he judiciou&s;ly ob&s;erving the pangs his wound &s;tang him with by fits, toge|ther, with many other &s;ymptoms of decay, few or none of recovery, be|gan rather to &s;ubmit his body to the&s;e Arti&s;ts, than any farther to be|lieve in them. During which &s;u&s;pen&s;e, he one morning lifting up the clothes for change &amp; ea&s;e of his body, &s;melt &s;ome extraordinary noi&s;om &s;avor a|bout him, differing from oyls and &s;alvs, as he conceived; &amp; either out of naturall delicacy, or at lea&s;t care not to offend others, grew a little troub|led with it; which they that &s;ate by perceiving, be&s;ought him to let them
<PB N="150" REF="82">
know what &s;uddain indi&s;po&s;ition he felt? Sir <HI>Philip</HI> ingenuou&s;ly told it, and de&s;ired them as ingenuou&s;ly to con|fe&s;s, whether they felt any &s;uch noi|&s;ome thing, or no? They all prote&s;ted again&s;t it upon their credits. Whence Sir <HI>Philip</HI> pre&s;ently gave this &s;evere doom upon him&s;elf; that it was in|ward mortification, and a welcome me&s;&s;enger of death.</P>
<P>Shortly after, when the Chirurgions came to dre&s;s him, he acquainted them with the&s;e piercing intelligen|ces between him, and his mortality. Which though they oppo&s;ed by au|thority of books, paralleling of acci|dents, and other artificiall probabili|ties; yet moved they no alteration in this man, who judged too truly of his own e&s;tate, and from more certain grounds, than the vanity of opinion in erring artificers could po&s;&s;ibly pierce into. So that afterwards, how freely &s;oever he left his body &s;ubject to their practi&s;e, and continued a pa|tient
<PB N="151" REF="82">
beyond exception; yet did he not change his minde; but as having ca&s;t off all hope, or de&s;ire of recove|rie, made, and divided that little &s;pan of life which was left him in this manner.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="13" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. XIII.</HEAD>
<P>FIr&s;t, he called the Mini&s;ters unto him; who were all excellent men, of divers Nations, and before them made &s;uch a confe&s;&s;ion of Chri|&s;tian faith, as no book but the heart can truly, and feelingly deliver. Then de&s;ired them to accompany him in Prayer, wherein hee be&s;ought leave to lead the a&s;&s;embly, in re&s;pect, (as he &s;aid) that the &s;ecret &s;ins of his own heart were be&s;t known to him&s;elf, and out of that true &s;en&s;e, he more properly in&s;tructed to apply the e|ternall
<PB N="152" REF="83">
Sacrifice of our Saviours Pa&s;|&s;ion and Merits to him. His religious Zeal prevailed with this humbly de|vout, &amp; afflicted company; In which wel cho&s;en progre&s;s of his, how&s;oe|ver they were all moved, and tho&s;e &s;weet motions witne&s;&s;ed by &s;ighes and tears, even interrupting their common devotion; yet could no man judge in him&s;elf, much le&s;s in o|thers, whether this rake of heavenly agony, whereupon they all &s;tood, were forced by &s;orrow for him, or admiration of him; the fire of this <HI>Phenix</HI> hardly being able out of any a&s;hes to produce his equall, as they conceived.</P>
<P>Here this fir&s;t mover &s;tayed the motions in every man, by &s;taying him&s;elf. Whether to give re&s;t to that frail wounded fle&s;h of his, unable to hear the bent of eternity &s;o much af|fected, any longer; or whether to ab|&s;tract that &s;pirit more inwardly, and by chewing as it were the cudd of
<PB N="153" REF="83">
meditation, to imprint tho&s;e excel|lent images in hs &s;oul; who can judge but God? Notwith&s;tanding, in this change, (it &s;hould &s;eem) there was little, or no change in the object. For in&s;tantly after prayer, he entrea|ted this quire of divine Philo&s;ophers about him, to deliver the opinion of the ancient Heathen, touching the immortality of the &s;oul: Fir&s;t, to &s;ee what true knowledge &s;he retains of her own e&s;&s;ence, out of the light of her &s;elf; then to parallel with it the mo&s;t pregnant authorities of the old, and new Te&s;tament, as &s;upernatural revelations, &s;ealed up from our fle&s;h, for the divine light of faith to re|veal, and work by. Not that he wan|ted in&s;truction, or a&s;&s;urance; but be|cau&s;e this fixing of a lovers thoughts upon tho&s;e externall beauties, was not only a cheering up of his decay|ing &s;pirits, but as it were a taking po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of that immortall inheri|tance, which was given unto him by
<PB N="158" REF="84">
his brother-hood in CHRIST.</P>
<P>The next change u&s;ed, was the cal|ling for his Will; which though at fir&s;t &s;ight it may &s;eem a de&s;cent from heaven to earth again; yet he that ob|&s;erves the di&s;tinction of tho&s;e offices, which he practi&s;ed in be&s;towing his own, &s;hall di&s;cern, that as the &s;oul of man is all in all, and all in every part; &s;o was the goodnes of his na|ture equally di&s;per&s;ed, into the grea|te&s;t, and lea&s;t actions of his too &s;hort life. Which Will of his, will ever re|main for a witne&s;s to the world, that tho&s;e &s;weet, and large, even dying affections in him, could no more be contracted with the narrowne&s;s of pain, grief, or &s;ickne&s;s, than any &s;parkle of our immortality can bee privately buried in the &s;hadow of death.</P>
<P>Here again this re&s;tle&s;s &s;oul of his (changing only the aire, and not the cords of her harmony) cals for Mu|&s;ick; e&s;pecially that &s;ong which him|&s;elf
<PB N="159" REF="84">
had intitled, <HI>La cui&s;&s;e rompue.</HI> Partly (as I conceive by the name) to &s;hew that the glory of mortal fle&s;h was &s;haken in him: and by that Mu|&s;ick it &s;elf, to fa&s;hion and enfranchi&s;e his heavenly &s;oul into that everla&s;t|ing harmony of Angels, whereof the&s;e Concords were a kinde of ter|re&s;triall <HI>Echo:</HI> And in this &s;upreme, or middle Orb of Contemplations, he ble&s;&s;edly went on, within a circular motion, to the end of all fle&s;h.</P>
<P>The la&s;t &s;cene of this Tragedy was the parting between the two brothers: the weaker &s;hewing infi|nite &s;trength in &s;uppre&s;&s;ing &s;orrow, and the &s;tronger infinite weakne&s;s in expre&s;&s;ing of it. So far did invalu|able worthine&s;&s;e, in the dying bro|ther enforce the living to de&s;cend beneath his owne worth, and by a|bundance of childi&s;h tears, bewail the publique, in his particular lo&s;s. Yea &s;o far was his true remi&s;&s;ion
<PB N="160" REF="85">
of minde transformed into ejulati|on, that Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> (in whom all earthly, pa&s;&s;ion did even as it were fla&s;h, like lights ready to burn out) recals tho&s;e &s;pirits together with a &s;trong vertue, but weak voice; mild|ly blaming him for relaxing the frail &s;trengths left to &s;upport him, in his finall combate of &s;eparation at hand. And to &s;top this naturall torrent of affection-in both, took his leave, with the&s;e admoni&s;hing words:</P>
<P><HI>Love my Memorie, cheri&s;h my Friends; their Faith to me may a&s;&s;ure you they are hone&s;t. But above all, govern your Will, and Affections, by the Will and Word of your Creator; in me, beholding the end of this World, with all her Vanities.</HI></P>
<P><PB N="161" REF="85">
And with this Fare-well, de&s;ired the company to lead him away. Here this noble Gentleman ended, the too &s;hort Scene his life; in which path, who|&s;oever is not confident that he walked the next way to eternall re&s;t, will be found to judge uncharitably.</P>
<P>Thus you &s;ee how it plea&s;ed God to &s;hew forth, and then &s;uddenly with|draw this precious light of our skie; and in &s;ome &s;ort adopted Patriot of the States-Generall. Between whom, and him, there was &s;uch a &s;ympathie of af|fections; as they honoured that exor|bitant worth in Sir <HI>Philip,</HI> by which time, and occa&s;ion had been like enough to metamorpho&s;e this new Ari&s;tocracy of theirs into their ancient, and much honoured forme of <HI>Dukedome.</HI> And he again applauded that univer&s;all inge|nuitie, and pro&s;perous undertakings of theirs; over which perchance he felt &s;omething in his own nature, po&s;&s;ible in time to come an elect Commander. So u&s;uall is it for all mortall con&s;titu|tions,
<PB N="162" REF="86">
to affect that, which in&s;en&s;ibly often works change in them to better, or wor&s;e.</P>
<P>Now though I am not of their faith, who affirme wi&s;e men can governe the Starres; yet do I beleeve no Star-gazers can &s;o well progno&s;ticate the good, or ill of all Governments, as the provi|dence of men trained up in publique affaires may doe. Whereby they differ from Prophets only in this; that Pro|phets by in&s;piration, and the&s;e by con|&s;equence, judge of things to come.</P>
<P>Among&s;t which kind of Prophets, give me leave to reckon this Gentle|man; who fir&s;t having, out of the credi|ble <HI>Almanach</HI> of Hi&s;tory, regi&s;tred the growth, health, di&s;ea&s;e, and periods of Governments: that is to &s;ay, when Mo|narchies grow ready for change, by over-relaxing, or contracting, when the &s;tates of few, or many continue, or for|&s;ake to be the &s;ame: and in the con&s;tant cour&s;e of the&s;e vici&s;&s;itudes, having fore|&s;een the ea&s;ie &s;atietie of mankinde with
<PB N="163" REF="86">
Religion, and Government, their natu|rall di&s;contentment with the pre&s;ent, and aptne&s;&s;e to welcome alteration: And againe, in the de&s;cent of each par|ticular forme to her owne centre, ha|ving ob&s;erved how the&s;e United Pro|vinces had already changed from their ancient Dukedomes to Popularitie: and yet in that Popularitie, been forced to &s;eek protection among the Monar|chies then raigning; and to make per|fect this judgment of his, had &s;umm'd up the league offen&s;ive, and defen&s;ive between us, and them; even then he grew doubtfull, le&s;t this advantage would in time leave latitude for envy, and competencie, to work &s;ome kind of rent in our Union.</P>
<P>But when in the progre&s;&s;e of this pro&s;pect, he fell into a more particular con&s;ideration of their traffique, and ours: they without any native commo|dities (Art and diligence excepted) ma|king them&s;elves Ma&s;ters of wealth in all Nations: We againe, by exporting
<PB N="164" REF="87">
our &s;ub&s;tantiall riches, to import a &s;u|perfluous ma&s;&s;e of trifles, to the vaine exhau&s;ting of our home-borne &s;taple commodities; he certainly concluded, that this true Philo&s;ophers &s;tone of traffique, which not only turned ba&s;e mettals into gold, but made profit by Wars in their owne bo&s;omes, would infallibly &s;tir up emulation in &s;uch lookers on, as were far from &s;triving o|therwi&s;e to imitate them.</P>
<P>And out of the&s;e or the like grounds hath many times told me, that this active people (which held them&s;elves con&s;tantly to their Religion, and Free|dome) would at length grow from an ad|jective to a &s;ub&s;tantive, and pro&s;perous &s;ub&s;i&s;tence. Whereas we on the other &s;ide, dividing our &s;elves, and waving in both, &s;hould fir&s;t become jealous, then &s;trange to our friends, and in the end (by reconciliation with our common enemie) moderate that zeale, wherein exce&s;&s;e only is the meane; and &s;o be forced to ca&s;t our fortunes into their
<PB N="165" REF="87">
armes for &s;upport, who are mo&s;t inte|re&s;ted in our di&s;honour, and ruine. The&s;e with many other dangers (which he provi&s;ionally feared) how&s;oever the wi&s;dome of our Government may per|chance have put off by prevention: yet were more then conjecturall in the a&s;pect of &s;uperior, inferior, forraigne, and dome&s;tique Princes then raigning.</P>
<P>But &s;uppo&s;e we could not by this Kalender comprehend the change of A&s;pects, and Policies in &s;everall King|domes; yet we may at lea&s;t therein di&s;|cerne, both the judgment of this <HI>Prome|theus</HI> concerning our &s;elves, and the ten|der affection he carried to that oppre&s;|&s;ed Nation. Which re&s;pect of his they againe &s;o well under&s;tood, as after his death the States of <HI>Zealand</HI> became &s;ui|tors to her Maje&s;ty, &amp; his noble friends, that they might have the honour of bu|rying his body at the publique expence of their Government. A memorable wi&s;dome of thankfulne&s;&s;e, by well handling the dead, to encourage, and
<PB N="166" REF="88">
multiply faith in the living.</P>
<P>Which reque&s;t had it been granted, the Reader may plea&s;e to con&s;ider, what Trophies it is likely they would have erected over him, for po&s;terity to ad|mire, and what in&s;criptions would have been devi&s;ed for eternizing his me|mory. Indeed fitter for a great, and brave Nation to enlarge, then the capa|citie, or good will of a private, and inferior friend. For my own part I con|fe&s;&s;e, in all I have here &s;et downe of his worth, and goodne&s;&s;e; I find my &s;elf &s;till &s;hort of that honour he de&s;erved, and I de&s;ired to doe him.</P>
<P>I mu&s;t therefore content my &s;elfe with this poor demon&s;tration of ho|mage; and &s;o proceed to &s;ay &s;omewhat of the toyes, or Pamphlets, which I in&s;cribe to his memory, as monuments of true affection between us; whereof (you &s;ee) death hath no power.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="14" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="167" REF="88">
<HEAD>CAP. XIV.</HEAD>
<P>WHen my youth, with favour of Court in &s;ome moderate pro|portion to my birth, and breeding in the activene&s;&s;e of that time, gave mee opportunity of mo&s;t bu&s;ine&s;&s;e: then did my yet undi&s;couraged Genius mo&s;t affect to finde, or make work for it &s;elf. And out of that freedom, ha|ving many times offered my fortune to the cour&s;e of Forraigne employments, as the proprie&s;t forges to fa&s;hion a Subject for the reall &s;ervices of his So|veraigne; I found the returnes of tho&s;e mi&s;-placed endeavours to prove, both a vaine charge to my &s;elfe, and an offen&s;ive undertaking to that excellent Governe&s;&s;e, over all her Subjects du|ties and affections.</P>
<P>For in&s;tance, how mild &s;oever tho&s;e mixtures of favours, and corrections
<PB N="168" REF="89">
were in that Princely Lady: yet to &s;hew that they fell heavy in cro&s;&s;ing a young mans ends; I will onely choo&s;e, and alleage foure out of many, &s;ome with leave, &s;ome without.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, when tho&s;e two mighty Ar|mies of <HI>Don Iohns,</HI> and the Duke <HI>Ca|&s;imires,</HI> were to meet in the Low Countries; my Hor&s;es, with all other preparations being &s;hipped at <HI>Dover,</HI> with leave under her Bill a&s;&s;ig|ned: Even then was I &s;tayed by a Princely Mandate, the Me&s;&s;enger Sir <HI>Edward Dier.</HI> Wherein what&s;oever I felt, yet I appeale to the judicious Reader, whether there be any latitude left (more then humble obedience) in the&s;e nice ca&s;es between duty, and &s;elfe|ne&s;&s;e, in a Soveraignes &s;ervice?</P>
<P>After this, when Mr Secretary <HI>Wal|&s;ing ham</HI> was &s;ent Emba&s;&s;ador, to treate with tho&s;e two Princes in a bu&s;ine&s;&s;e &s;o much concerning Chri&s;tian blood, and Chri&s;tian Empires; then did the &s;ame irregular motion (which &s;eldome
<PB N="169" REF="89">
re&s;ts, but &s;teales where it cannot trade) per&s;wade me, that who&s;oever would venture to go without leave, was &s;ure never to bee &s;tayed. Upon which fal&s;e axiome (tru&s;ting the re&s;t to chance) I went over with Mr Secre|tary, unknown: But at my returne was forbidden her pre&s;ence for many moneths.</P>
<P>Againe, when my Lord of <HI>Leice&s;ter</HI> was &s;ent Generall of Her Maje&s;ties Forces into the <HI>Low Countries,</HI> and had given me the command of an hundred Hor&s;e; then I giving my humors over to good order, yet found, that neither the earne&s;t interce&s;&s;ion of this Gran|dee, &s;econd with mine own humble &s;ute, and many other Honourable Friends of mine, could prevaile again&s;t the con&s;tant cour&s;e of this excellent Lady with her Servants. So as I was forced to tarry behind; and for this im|portunity of mine to change my cour&s;e, and &s;eem to preferre nothing before my &s;ervice about her: This
<PB N="170" REF="90">
Prince&s;&s;e of Government, as well as Kingdomes, made me live in her Court a &s;pectacle of di&s;-favour, too long as I conceived.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, the univer&s;all fame of a bat|tle to bee fought, between the prime Forces of <HI>Henry</HI> the third, and the re|ligious of <HI>Henry</HI> the fourth, then King of <HI>Navarre;</HI> lifting me yet once more above this humble earth of duty, made me re&s;olve to &s;ee the difference between Kings pre&s;ent, and ab&s;ent in their Mar|tiall Expeditions. So that without acquainting any creature, the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex</HI> excepted, I &s;hipped my &s;elfe over: and at my returne, was kept from her pre&s;ence full &s;ix moneths, and then received after a &s;trange manner. For this ab&s;olute Prince, to &s;ever ill example from grace, averrs my going over to bee a &s;ecret imployment of Hers: and all the&s;e other petty exiles, a making good of that cloud, or figure, which &s;he was plea&s;ed to ca&s;t over my ab&s;ence. Protecting me to the world
<PB N="171" REF="90">
with the honour of her imployment, rather then &s;he would, for examples &s;ake, be forced either to puni&s;h mee farther, or too ea&s;ily forgive a con|tempt, or neglect, in a Servant &s;o near about her, as &s;he was plea&s;ed to con|ceive it.</P>
<P>By which many warnings, I finding the &s;pecious fires of youth to prove far more &s;corching, then glorious, called my &s;econd thoughts to coun&s;ell, and in that Map cleerly di&s;cerning Action, and Honor, to fly with more wings then one: and that it was &s;ufficient for the plant to grow where his Sove|raignes hand had planted it; I found rea&s;on to contract my thoughts from tho&s;e larger, but wandring <HI>Horizons,</HI> of the world abroad, and bound my pro&s;pect within the &s;afe limits of duty, in &s;uch home &s;ervices, as were accepta|ble to my Soveraigne.</P>
<P>In which retired view, Sir <HI>Philip Sidney,</HI> that exact image of quiet, and action: happily united in him, and
<PB N="172" REF="91">
&s;eldome well divided in any; being ever in mine eyes, made me thinke it no &s;mall degree of honour to imitate, or tread in the &s;teps of &s;uch a Leader. So that to &s;aile by his Compa&s;&s;e, was &s;hortly (as I &s;aid) one of the principall rea&s;ons I can alleage, which per&s;waded me to &s;teale minutes of time from my daily &s;ervices, and employ them in this kind of writing.</P>
<P>Since my declining age, it is true, that I had (for &s;ome yeeres) more lea|&s;ure to di&s;cover their imperfections, then care, or indu&s;try to amend them: finding in my &s;elfe, what all men com|plaine of in the world, that it is more ea&s;ie to finde fault, excu&s;e, or tolerate, then to examine, and reforme.</P>
<P>The workes (as you &s;ee) are Trage|dies, with &s;ome Treati&s;es annexed. The Treati&s;es (to &s;peake truly of them) were fir&s;t intended to be for every Act a Chorus: and though not borne out of the pre&s;ent matter acted, yet being the large&s;t &s;ubjects I could then think up|on,
<PB N="173" REF="91">
and no &s;uch &s;trangers to the &s;cope of the Tragedies, but that a favourable Reader might ea&s;ily find &s;ome con&s;an|guinitie between them; I preferring this generall &s;cope of profit, before the &s;elf|reputation of being an exact Arti&s;an in that Poeticall My&s;tery, conceived that a per&s;pective into vice, and the unpro&s;|perities of it, would prove more accep|table to every good Readers ends, then any bare murmur of di&s;contented &s;pi|rits again&s;t their pre&s;ent Government, or horrible periods of exorbitant pa&s;&s;i|ons among equals.</P>
<P>Which with humble &s;ayles after I had once ventured upon this &s;preading <HI>Ocean</HI> of Images, my apprehen&s;ive youth, for lack of a well touched com|pa&s;&s;e, did ea&s;ily wander beyond propor|tion. And in my old age againe, looking back on them with a fathers eye: when I con&s;idered fir&s;t, how poorly the inward natures of tho&s;e glorious names were expre&s;&s;ed: then how much ea&s;ier it was to excu&s;e deformities, then to cure
<PB N="174" REF="92">
them; though I found rea&s;on to change their places, yet I could not find in my heart to be&s;tow co&s;t, or care, in altering their light, and limited apparell in ver&s;e.</P>
<P>From hence to come particularly to that Treati&s;e intitled: <HI>The Declination of Monarchy.</HI> Let me beg leave of the favourable Reader, to be&s;tow a few lines more in the &s;tory of this Changling, then I have done in the re&s;t; and yet to u&s;e no more &s;erious authority then the rule of <HI>Diogenes,</HI> which was, to hang the Po&s;ie where there is mo&s;t need.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t birth of that <HI>Phanta&s;me</HI> was divided into three parts, with intention of the Author, to be di&s;po&s;ed among&s;t their fellows, into three diver&s;e Acts of the Tragedies. But (as I &s;aid before) when upon a &s;econd review, they, and the re&s;t were all ordain'd to change their places; then did I (like an old, and fond Parent, unlike to get any more children) take pains rather to cover the dandled deformities of the&s;e creatures
<PB N="175" REF="92">
with a coat of many &s;eames, then care|le&s;ly to drive them away, as birds doe their young ones.</P>
<P>Yet againe, when I had in mine own ca&s;e well weigh'd the tenderne&s;&s;e of that great &s;ubject; and con&s;equently, the nice path I was to walke in between two extremities; but e&s;pecially the danger, by treading a&s;ide, to ca&s;t &s;candall upon the &s;acred foundations of Monarchy; together with the fate of many Meta|phy&s;icall <HI>Phormio's</HI> before me, who had lo&s;t them&s;elves in teaching Kings, and Princes, how to governe their People: then did this new pro&s;pect dazzle mine eyes, and &s;u&s;pend my travell for a time.</P>
<P>But the familiar &s;elf-love, which is more or le&s;&s;e born in every man, to live, and dye with him, pre&s;ently moved me to take this Bear-whelp up againe and licke it. Wherein I, row&s;ing my &s;elfe under the banner of this flattery, went about (as a fond mother) to put on rich|er garments, in hope to adorne them. But while the&s;e clothes were in making,
<PB N="176" REF="93">
I perceived that co&s;t would but draw more curious eyes to ob&s;erve deformi|ties. So that from the&s;e checks a new coun&s;ell ro&s;e up in me, to take away all opinion of &s;eriou&s;ne&s;&s;e from the&s;e perplexed pedegrees; and to this end carele&s;ly ca&s;t them into that hypocri|ticall figure <HI>Ironia,</HI> wherein men com|monly (to keep above their workes) &s;eeme to make toies of the utmo&s;t they can doe.</P>
<P>And yet againe, in that confu&s;ing mi&s;t, when I beheld this grave &s;ubject (which &s;hould draw reverence and at|tention) to bee over-&s;pangled with lightne&s;&s;e, I forced in examples of the Roman gravity, and greatne&s;&s;e, the har&s;h &s;everity of the <HI>Lacedemonian</HI> Go|vernment; the riches of the <HI>Athenian</HI> learning, wit, and indu&s;try; and like a man that plaies divers parts upon &s;e|verall hints, left all the indige&s;ted cru|dities, equally applied to Kings, or Tyrants: whereas in every cleere judgement, the right line had beene
<PB N="177" REF="93">
&s;ufficient enough to di&s;cover the croo|ked; if the image of it could have pro|ved credible to men.</P>
<P>Now for the &s;everall branches, or di&s;cour&s;es following; they are all Members of one, and the &s;ame imper|fect body, &s;o as I let them take their fortunes (like E&s;&s;ayes) onely to tempt, and &s;tir up &s;ome more free Genius, to fa&s;hion the whole frame into finer mould for the worlds u&s;e. The fir&s;t limme of tho&s;e Treaties (I mean that Fabrick of a &s;uper&s;titious Church) having by her ma&s;terfull ambition over Emperours, Kings, Princes, free States, and Councels, with her <HI>Con|clave</HI> deceits, &s;trengths, and unthank|fulne&s;&s;e, &s;pred &s;o far beyond my <HI>Hori|zon,</HI> as I at once gave over her, and all her derivations to <HI>Gamaliels</HI> infallible cen&s;ure; Leaving Lawes, Nobility, War, Peace, and the re&s;t, (as glori|ous Trophies of our old Pope, the &s;in) to change, reforme, or become defor|med, according as vanity, that limit|le&s;&s;e
<PB N="178" REF="94">
mother of the&s;e Idolatries, &s;hould either winne of the truth, or the truth of them.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, concerning the Tragedies them&s;elves; they were in their fir&s;t creation three; Whereof <HI>Antonie</HI> and <HI>Cleopatra,</HI> according to their irregular pa&s;&s;ions, in for&s;aking Empire to fol|low &s;en&s;uality, were &s;acrificed to the fire. The executioner, the author him&s;elfe. Not that he conceived it to be a contemptible younger brother to the re&s;t: but le&s;t while he &s;eemed to looke over much upward, hee might &s;tumble into the A&s;tronomers pit. Many members in that creature (by the opinion of tho&s;e few eyes, which &s;aw it) having &s;ome childi&s;h wanton|ne&s;&s;e in them, apt enough to be con|&s;trued, or &s;trained to a per&s;onating of vices in the pre&s;ent Governors, and go|vernment.</P>
<P>From which cautious pro&s;pect, I bringing into my minde the ancient Poets, metamorpho&s;ing mans rea&s;ona|ble
<PB N="179" REF="94">
nature into the &s;en&s;itive of bea&s;ts, or vegetative of plants; and knowing the&s;e all (in their true morall) to bee but images of the unequall ballance between humors, and times; nature, and place. And again in the practice of the world, &s;eeing the like in&s;tance not poetically, but really fa&s;hioned in the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex</HI> then falling; and ever till then worthily beloved, both of <HI>Queen,</HI> and people: This &s;udden de&s;|cent of &s;uch greatne&s;&s;e, together with the quality of the Actors in every Scene, &s;tir'd up the Authors &s;econd thoughts, to bee carefull (in his owne ca&s;e) of leaving faire weather behind him. Hee having, in the Earles pre|cipitate fortune, curiou&s;ly ob&s;erved: Fir&s;t, how long this Noblemans birth, worth, and favour had been flattered, tempted, and &s;tung by a &s;warm of Sect|animals, who&s;e property was to wound, and fly away: and &s;o, by a continuall affliction, probably enforce great hearts to turne, and to&s;&s;e for ea&s;e; and in
<PB N="180" REF="95">
tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ive po&s;tures, perchance to tumble &s;ometimes upon their Sove|raignes Circles.</P>
<P>Into which pitfall of theirs, when they had once di&s;cerned this Earle to be fallen; &s;traight, under the reverend &s;tile of <HI>Lae&s;a Maje&s;tas,</HI> all inferiour Mini&s;ters of Ju&s;tice (they knew) would be ju&s;tly &s;et loo&s;e to work upon him. And accordingly, under the &s;ame cloud, his enemies took audacity to ca&s;t Libels abroad in his name a|gain&s;t the State, made by them&s;elves; &s;et papers upon po&s;ts, to bring his in|nocent friends in que&s;tion. His power, by the Je&s;uiticall craft of ru|mor, they made infinite; and his am|bition more then equall to it. His Letters to private men were read o|penly, by the the piercing eyes of an Atturnies Office, which warranteth the con&s;truction of every time in the wor&s;t &s;en&s;e again&s;t the writer.</P>
<P>My &s;elfe, his Kin&s;man, and while I remained about the <HI>Queen,</HI> a kinde of
<PB N="181" REF="95">
<HI>Remora,</HI> &s;taying the violent cour&s;e of that fatall Ship, and the&s;e winde|watching Pa&s;&s;engers (at lea&s;t, as his ene|mies imagined) abruptly &s;ent away to guard a figurative Fleet, in danger of nothing, but the&s;e <HI>Pro&s;opopeia's</HI> of invi|&s;ible rancor; and kept (as in a free Pri&s;on) at <HI>Roche&s;ter,</HI> till his head was off.</P>
<P>Before which &s;udden journey, ca|&s;ting mine eyes upon the catching Court ayres, which I was to part from; I di&s;cerned my Gracious Soveraigne to bee every way &s;o invironed with the&s;e, not <HI>Iupiters,</HI> but <HI>Pluto's</HI> thunder|workers; as it was impo&s;&s;ible for Her to &s;ee any light, that might lead to grace, or mercy: but many encoura|ging Meteors of &s;everity, as again&s;t an unthankfull favourite, and traiterous Subject; hee &s;tanding, by the Law of <HI>England,</HI> condemned for &s;uch.</P>
<P>So that let his heart bee (as in my con&s;cience it was) free from this unna|turall crime, yet the&s;e <HI>unreturning</HI>
<PB N="182" REF="96">
&s;teps &s;eemed well worth the ob&s;erving. E&s;pecially in the ca&s;e of &s;uch a Favo|rite, as never put his Soveraigne to &s;tand between her People, and his er|rors; but here, and abroad placed his body in the forefront, again&s;t all that either threatned, or a&s;&s;aulted Her.</P>
<P>And being no Admirall, nor yet a Creator of Admiralls, whereby feare, or hope might have kept tho&s;e tempo|rary <HI>Neptunes</HI> in a kinde of &s;ubjection to him; yet hee freely ventured him|&s;elfe in all Sea-actions of his time. As if he would war the greatne&s;&s;e of envy, place, and power, with the greatne&s;&s;e of worth, and incomparable indu&s;try. Neverthele&s;&s;e hee wanted not judge|ment to di&s;cerne, that whether they went with him, or tarried behind, they mu&s;t probably prove unequall yoke fellowes in the one; or in the o|ther pa&s;&s;ing curious, and carping judges over all his publike Actions.</P>
<P>Againe, this gallant young Earle, created (as it &s;eemes) for action, be|fore
<PB N="183" REF="96">
he was Martiall, fir&s;t as a private Gentleman, and after as a Lieutenant by Commi&s;&s;ion, went in the head of all our Land Troops, that marched in his time; and be&s;ides experience, &s;till wan ground, even through competen|cy, envy, and confu&s;ed mixtures of equality or inequality, among&s;t the factious Engli&s;h, all inferiour in his owne active worth, and merit.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, he was &s;o far from affecting the ab&s;olute power of <HI>Henry</HI> the thirds Favourites, I meane under a King to become equall at lea&s;t with him, in cre|ating and depo&s;ing Chancellors, Trea|&s;urers, and Secretaries of State, to rai&s;e a &s;trong party for him&s;elfe; as he left both place, and per&s;ons entire in their &s;upreme jurisdictions, or Ma|gi&s;tracies under his Soveraigne, as &s;hee granted them. And though hee fore|&s;aw a nece&s;&s;ary diminution of their peacefull predicaments by his carrying up the &s;tandard of <HI>Mars</HI> &s;o high, and withall knew they (like wi&s;e men) mu&s;t
<PB N="184" REF="97">
as certainly di&s;cern, that the ri&s;ing of his, or falling of their &s;cales depended upon the pro&s;perity, or unpro&s;perity of his undertakings: yet (I &s;ay) that active heart of his freely cho&s;e to ha|zard him&s;elfe upon their cen&s;ures, without any other provi&s;ionall ram|pier again&s;t the envious, and &s;uppre&s;|&s;ing crafts of that party, then his owne hope, and re&s;olution to de&s;erve well.</P>
<P>Neither did he (like the French Fa|vorites of that time) &s;erve his own hu|mors or nece&s;&s;ities, by &s;elling &s;eats of Ju&s;tice, Nobility, or orders of honor, till they became <HI>Colliers pour toute be&s;te,</HI> to the di&s;paragement of creating pow|er, and di&s;couraging of the Subjects hope, or indu&s;try, in attaining to ad|vancement, or profit: But &s;uffered <HI>England</HI> to &s;tand alone, in her ancient degrees of freedomes, and integrities, and &s;o re&s;erved that ab&s;olute power of Creation &s;acred in his Soveraigne, without any mercenary &s;taine, or allay.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="15" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="185" REF="97">
<HEAD>CAP. XV.</HEAD>
<P>NOw after this humble, and harm|le&s;&s;e de&s;ire of a meane &s;ubject, ex|pre&s;&s;ed in qualifying a great &s;ubjects errors, by the circum&s;tance of &s;uch in|&s;truments, as naturally (like Bats) both flye, and prey in the darke; Let the Rea|der pardon me, if I pre&s;ume yet againe to multiply digre&s;&s;ion upon digre&s;&s;ion, in honour of her, to whom I owe my &s;elfe, I meane <HI>Queen Elizabeth:</HI> and in her name clear y to know, that though I lament the fall of this great man in I&s;rael, neverthele&s;&s;e the truth enforceth me to confe&s;&s;e, that how&s;oever the&s;e kinds of high ju&s;tice may &s;ometimes (like the uttermo&s;t of the Law) fall heavy upon one brave &s;pirit; yet prove they mercy to many by example: and therefore as Regall, and Royall wi&s;e|domes, ought to be honoured equally
<PB N="186" REF="98">
in all the differing Soveraignties through the world, of one, few or ma|ny.</P>
<P>And if this <HI>a&s;&s;ump&s;it</HI> mu&s;t be gran|ted univer&s;ally; then how much more in the ca&s;e of &s;uch a Prince&s;&s;e, as (even while &s;he was &s;ubject) left patternes that might in&s;truct all &s;ubjects, rather to undergoe the indignation of Sove|raignes with the birthright of duty, then with the mutiny of over-&s;en&s;ible, and rebellious affections; which ever (like di&s;ea&s;ed pul&s;es) beat fa&s;ter, or &s;low|er then they &s;hould, to &s;hew all to be infected about them? Whereas this Lady, in the like &s;traines, by an humble, and con&s;tant temper, had already with true obedience triumphed over the cu|rious examinations of a&s;cending flat|tery, or de&s;cending Tyranny, even in the tenderne&s;&s;e of Princes &s;ucce&s;&s;ions.</P>
<P>And to make this manife&s;t to bee choice, and not chance: even when her &s;tepmother misfortune grew ripe for delivery, then was &s;he neither born cry|ing,
<PB N="187" REF="98">
as children be: nor yet by the &s;ud|den change from a pri&s;on, to a Throne, came &s;he upon that Stage confu&s;edly barking after all that had offended: but like one borne to behold true light, in|&s;tantly fixeth her thoughts upon larger notions then revenge, or favour. And in the infancy of her Raigne, cals for <HI>Benefield</HI> her hard-hearted Gaoler; bids him enjoy not a de&s;erved, but free given peace under his narrow vine: with this a&s;&s;urance, that when&s;oever &s;he de&s;ired to have pri&s;oners over &s;everely intrea|ted, &s;he would not forget to commit the cu&s;tody of them to his charge.</P>
<P>Againe, for the next object, looking backward upon her &s;i&s;ters Raigne, &s;he ob&s;erves Religion to have been changed; Per&s;ecution, like an ill weed, &s;uddenly grown up to the highe&s;t; The mercy of the infinite per&s;cribed, by abridgment of time, and adding torments to the death of his creatures: &s;alvation publi|&s;hed in many more <HI>Creeds</HI> then &s;he was taught to beleeve: A double Supremacy
<PB N="188" REF="99">
in one Kingdome; <HI>Rome</HI> become Empe|rour of the Clergy, and by bewitching the better halfe of man (I meane the &s;oule) challenging both over Clergy, and Laity, the &s;tile of the <HI>Great God: Rex Regum, Dominus Dominantium.</HI></P>
<P>This view brought forth in her a vow, like that of the holy Kings in the Old Te&s;tament; <HI>viz.</HI> that &s;he would nei|ther hope, nor &s;eeke for re&s;t in the mor|tall traffique of this world, till &s;he had repaired the precipitate ruines of our <HI>Saviours Militant Church,</HI> through all her Dominions; and as &s;he hoped, in the re&s;t of the World, by her example. Upon which Princelike re&s;olution, this She-<HI>David</HI> of ours ventured to under|take the great <HI>Goliath</HI> among the <HI>Phili|&s;tins</HI> abroad, I mean <HI>Spain</HI> and the <HI>Pope;</HI> de&s;pi&s;eth their multitudes, not of men, but of Ho&s;ts; &s;cornfully rejecteth that Holy Fathers wind-blowne &s;uper&s;titi|ons, and takes the (almo&s;t &s;olitary) truth for her Leading-Star.</P>
<P>Yet tears &s;he not the Lyons jawes in
<PB N="189" REF="99">
&s;under at once, but moderately begins with her own Changlings; gives the Bi&s;hops a proper motion, but bounded: the Nobility time to reforme them|&s;elves, with inward, and outward Coun|cell; revives her Brothers Lawes for e&s;tabli&s;hing of the Churches doctrine, and di&s;cipline, but moderates their &s;everity of proceeding; gives frailty, and &s;ect, time to reforme at home: and in the mean &s;ea&s;on &s;upplyes the Prince of <HI>Conde</HI> with men, and money, as chief among the Prote&s;tants in <HI>France;</HI> ga|thers, and revives the &s;cattered ho&s;ts of I&s;rael at the wor&s;t: takes <HI>New-Haven,</HI> perchance with hope of redeeming <HI>Cal|lice,</HI> to the end her axle-trees might once againe lie upon both &s;hores, as her right did: refu&s;eth marriage, reformes and redeemes Queen <HI>Maries</HI> vanities, who fir&s;t glorying in the Spani&s;h &s;eed, publi&s;heth that &s;he was with childe, and in&s;tantly offers up that Royall &s;up|po&s;ed I&s;&s;ue of hers, together with the ab&s;olute Government of all her Na|tives
<PB N="190" REF="100">
to the mixt Tyranny of <HI>Rome</HI> and <HI>Ca&s;tile.</HI></P>
<P>In which endle&s;&s;e path of &s;ervitude, the Noune&punc; adjective nature of this &s;u|per&s;titious Prince&s;&s;e, proceeded yet a degree further; &s;triving to confirme that double bondage of people, and Po|&s;terity, by Act of Parliament. Where on the other &s;ide, the Spani&s;h King, beholding the&s;e remi&s;&s;e homages of frailty, with the unthankfull, and in&s;a|tiable eyes of ambition, apprehends the&s;e petty &s;acrifices, as fit &s;trawes, &s;ticks, or feathers, to be pull'd out of faint wings, for the building up, and adorning of a Conquerours ne&s;t. And under this Tyrannicall <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> takes freedome to exhau&s;t her trea&s;ure to his owne ends, breakes our league with <HI>France,</HI> and in that breach &s;hakes the &s;acred foundation of the re&s;t, winnes St <HI>Quintins,</HI> while we lo&s;t <HI>Callice.</HI></P>
<P>Contrary to all which thought|bound Councels of her &s;i&s;ter <HI>Maries,</HI> Queen <HI>Elizabeth</HI> (as I &s;aid) not yet out
<PB N="191" REF="100">
of danger of her Romi&s;h &s;ubjects at home; threatned with their mighty faction, and party abroad; pe&s;ter'd be|&s;ides with want of money, and many binding Lawes of her &s;i&s;ters making: yet like a Palme, under all the&s;e bur|dens, &s;he rai&s;eth her &s;elfe Prince-like: and upon notice of her Agents di&s;grace abroad, his &s;ervants being put into the Inqui&s;ition by the Spaniard; her Mer|chants &s;urprized in <HI>America,</HI> contrary to the league between <HI>Charles</HI> the fifth, and <HI>Henry</HI> the eighth; which gave free traffique: <HI>In omnibus, &amp; &s;ingulis Regnis, Dominiis, In&s;ulis,</HI> notwith&s;tanding that A&s;tronomicall, or rather biaced divi|&s;ion of the world by the Popes lines, which (contrary to the nature of all lines) only keep latitude for the advan|tage of <HI>Spain:</HI> She (I &s;ay) upon the&s;e in&s;olencies, receives the <HI>Hollander,</HI> and protects him from per&s;ecution of the Duke of <HI>Alva:</HI> &s;ettles the&s;e poore Refugees in <HI>Norwich, Colche&s;ter, Sand|wich, Maid&s;tone,</HI> and <HI>South-Hampton.</HI></P>
<P><PB N="192" REF="101">
Yet againe, when this faith, di&s;tin|gui&s;hing Duke appealed to her &s;elfe: &s;he binding her heart for better, or wor&s;e, to the words of her Contract; &s;ummons the&s;e afflicted &s;trangers to depart. Their number was great, their time &s;hort, and yet their weather-beaten &s;oules &s;o &s;en&s;ible of long conti|nued oppre&s;&s;ions in their liberties, and con&s;ciences, as (by the opportunity of this O&s;traci&s;me) they in their pa&s;&s;age &s;urprized <HI>Brill, Flu&s;hing,</HI> and diver&s;e other Towns, expul&s;ing the Spaniards; and by this brave example, taught, and proclaimed a way of freedome to all well affected Princes, and Provinces, that were oppre&s;t.</P>
<P>Wherein it may plea&s;e the Reader to ob&s;erve, that <HI>Henry</HI> the third of <HI>France,</HI> being one in the &s;ame League, and belike upon change of heart, which ever brings forth new que&s;tions, deman|ding, whether <HI>mutuall defence again&s;t all,</HI> extended to the cau&s;e of Religion? was pre&s;ently an&s;wered by her; that &s;he
<PB N="193" REF="101">
both treated, and concluded in the &s;ame &s;en&s;e; and if it were required at her hands, would performe every branch of it to her uttermo&s;t. The <HI>French King</HI> hereupon makes war with the Prote|&s;tants: <HI>Mon&s;ieur</HI> his brother &s;ecretly protects them by <HI>Ca&s;imire.</HI></P>
<P>Againe about that time, at the re|que&s;t of the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> King, &s;he guards his Navy into <HI>Flanders;</HI> where it being lo&s;t, and &s;he reque&s;ted by the &s;ame King to lend him her owne Ships, for recovery of the Maritime Townes fallen from him: this ble&s;&s;ed <HI>Lady</HI> both denyes this crafty reque&s;t of a Conqueror; and withall providently refu&s;eth any of his &s;hips to be harboured in her Ports. Yet in honour of her ancient League with the Hou&s;e of <HI>Burgundy,</HI> &s;he publi&s;heth the like inhibition to her beloved, and &s;afe Neighbours the <HI>Netherlands.</HI> And in&s;tantly, with a &s;trong judgment in ballancing of forraigne Princes, per|&s;wades the King of <HI>Spain</HI> to make peace with the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> and on the other
<PB N="194" REF="102">
&s;ide di&s;&s;wades tho&s;e di&s;tre&s;&s;ed <HI>Hollanders</HI> from joyning with <HI>France.</HI> As I con|ceive, thinking that Kingdome (manu|mi&s;ed from us by time) might through the conjunction of the <HI>Holland</HI> &s;hip|ping, and Mariners, with their di&s;ci|plin'd Land-Armies of hor&s;e and foot, prove more dangerous enemies, either by way of inva&s;ion, or incur&s;ion (as I &s;aid once before) then that Kings glo|rious Standard, borne among his barbed hor&s;e, and light foot had hitherto done, either in our enti&s;ed undertakings, or abandoned retraits.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides it is worthy of reverence in this <HI>Queen,</HI> that &s;he never was afraid, or a&s;hamed to averre the quarrell of Religion for a ground of her friends, or enemies.</P>
<P>And though in the charity of a Chri|&s;tian Prince, even in the danger of a growing faction at home, &s;he was con|tent to let devout con&s;cience live qui|etly in her Realmes: yet when they began to practi&s;e di&s;union in Church,
<PB N="195" REF="102">
as their Je&s;uited &s;pirits naturally affect to doe. Then to &s;hew that &s;he was as well &s;ervant to God, as by him King over Peoples, &s;he tyed the head of the &s;acrifice perchance a little clo&s;er to the hornes of the altar. And made tho&s;e &s;pirits which would not know the true God altogether, to have &s;ome kinde of &s;en&s;e, or &s;mart of his Religious Lawes; how&s;oever they were dead, and &s;acri|ficed to the growing Supremacy of the Roman Miter, or conquering Scepter of <HI>Spaine;</HI> ordain'd (as &s;he thought) by exce&s;&s;e of playing fa&s;t or loo&s;e with God, and the world; in time, one to devoure the other; ambitious and &s;uper|&s;titious &s;ubtleties being an Aby&s;&s;e, or Sea, where the &s;tronger infallibly de|voures the weaker.</P>
<P>She makes a publique League, for defence of Religion, with the King of <HI>Scots, Denmark,</HI> and the Princes of <HI>Ger|many;</HI> per&s;wades a Marriage between <HI>Scotland</HI> and <HI>Denmark;</HI> exileth all Je|&s;uites, and Seminary Prie&s;ts by Act
<PB N="196" REF="103">
of Parliament; makes it felony to har|bor any of them in <HI>England,</HI> or for the Engli&s;h to &s;end any of theirs beyond the Seas, to be trained up among them.</P>
<P>Upon the lo&s;&s;e of <HI>Aniuerpe,</HI> &s;he re&s;o|lutely undertakes the protection of the Netherlanders, and to di&s;tract the Spa|niard (as I &s;aid before) &s;ends <HI>Drake</HI> to the <HI>We&s;t-Indies,</HI> with 21 Ships, who &s;urpri&s;ed <HI>Domingo,</HI> and <HI>Cartagena.</HI> And immediately after his returne, with &s;poile, and triumph (to prevent all po&s;&s;ibility of Inva&s;ion) &s;he &s;ets him to Sea againe, with Commi&s;&s;ion to burne all Ships, Gallyes, and Boats, along his Spani&s;h Coa&s;ts. Who, in the &s;ame Voyage, breaks through diver&s;e of his Gallyes in the Bay of <HI>Cales,</HI> appointed to with&s;tand him; takes, burnes, and drownes 100 Sayle laden with muni|tion, and victuals. From thence in his way to <HI>Cape</HI> St <HI>Vincent,</HI> he &s;urpri&s;eth three Forts: burnes &s;hips, fi&s;her-boats, and nets; and then making for the <HI>Azores,</HI> hee there takes a Carricke
<PB N="197" REF="103">
comming from the <HI>Ea&s;t-Indies.</HI></P>
<P>The next yeare (as treading in his &s;teps) <HI>Cavendi&s;h</HI> returnes from his jour|ney about the world, with the &s;poile of nineteen Ships, and of many &s;mall Towns in <HI>America.</HI></P>
<P>This and &s;uch like providence did this miracle of Princes u&s;e in all her Wars, whereby her Wars maintained her wealth, and that wealth &s;upplyed her War. So as &s;he came ever in &s;tate, when &s;he demanded aid from her Hou&s;e of Commons. Neither did &s;he fetch, or force pre&s;idents from her Predece&s;|&s;ors in tho&s;e demands: but made her &s;elf a pre&s;ident to all Po&s;terities, that the love of people to a loving Prince&s;&s;e is not ever curiou&s;ly ballanced, by the &s;elf-pittying abilities of mankinde: but their &s;pirits, hearts, and &s;tates being drawne up above their owne fraile &s;elf|ne&s;&s;e, the audit is taken after; and per|chance &s;umm'd up with a little &s;mart to them&s;elves, wherein they glory.</P>
<P>Neither did &s;he, by any curious
<PB N="198" REF="104">
&s;earch after Evidence to enlarge her Prerogatives Royall, teach her &s;ubjects in Parliament, by the like &s;elf-affecti|ons, to make as curious inqui&s;ition among their Records, to colour any en|croaching upon the &s;acred Circles of Monarchy: but left the ri&s;e or fall of the&s;e two ballances a&s;leep, with tho&s;e a&s;piring &s;pirits, who (by advantage of &s;tate, or time taken) had been authors of many biaced motions. And in &s;ome confu&s;ed Parliaments among&s;t the Ba|rons Wars, even forced her Ance&s;tors, with one breath, to pro&s;cribe and re|&s;tore; to call out of the Hou&s;e of Com|mons, by Writ, to the upper Hou&s;e, during the Se&s;&s;ion: Wherein one mans &s;udden advancement proves envious to foure hundred of his equals; and from the &s;ame, not truly active, but rather pa&s;&s;ive vaine, to impri&s;on and relea&s;e unjudicially, &s;ometime &s;triving to ma|&s;ter the multitude, by their Nobility, then again waving the Nobility with the multitude of people; both marks of
<PB N="199" REF="104">
di&s;ea&s;e, and no healthfull &s;tate in a Mo|narchy. All which &s;he providently fore&s;aw, and avoided; le&s;t, by the like in&s;en&s;ible degrees of mi&s;leading pa&s;&s;i|ons, &s;he might be con&s;trained to de&s;|cend, and labour the compa&s;&s;ing of di&s;|orderly ends, by a Mechanicall kinde of Univer&s;ity Canva&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>So that this ble&s;&s;ed, and ble&s;&s;ing <HI>Lady,</HI> with a calme minde, as well in quiet, as &s;tirring times, &s;tudied how to keep her ancient under-earth buildings, upon their fir&s;t well laid foundations. And if &s;he found any &s;tray'd, rather to reduce them back to their originall circuits, then &s;uffer a &s;tep to be made over, or be&s;ides tho&s;e time-authorized a&s;&s;em|blies. And by this re&s;ervedne&s;&s;e, ever comming upon the &s;tage a Comman|der, and no Petitionet, &s;he pre&s;erv'd her &s;tate above the affronts of Nobility, or people; and according to birthright, &s;till became a &s;overaigne Judge over any dutifull, or encroaching petitions of Nobles, or Commons.</P>
<P><PB N="200" REF="105">
For this <HI>Lady,</HI> though not propheti|cally, yet like a provident Prince&s;&s;e, in the &s;eries of things, and times, fore&s;aw through the long la&s;ting wi&s;dome of Government, a quinte&s;&s;ence, how&s;oever ab&s;tracted out of Morall Philo&s;ophy, and humane Lawes, yet many degrees in u&s;e of mankinde above them. She, I &s;ay, fore&s;aw, that every exce&s;&s;e of pa&s;|&s;ion expre&s;t from the Monarch in Acts, or Councels of E&s;tate, would infallibly &s;tir up in the people the like cobwebs of a popular &s;pinning, and therefore from the&s;e piercing grounds, &s;he con|cluded, that a &s;teady hand in the govern|ment of Soveraignty, would ever prove more pro&s;perous, then any nimble or witty practi&s;e, crafty &s;hifting, or Im|perious forcing humors po&s;&s;ibly could doe.</P>
<P>Againe in the latitudes which &s;ome moderne Princes allow to their Favo|rites, as &s;upporters of Government, and middle wals between power, and the peoples envy; it &s;eems this <HI>Queen</HI>
<PB N="201" REF="105">
re&s;ervedly kept entrenched within her native &s;trengths, and Scepter.</P>
<P>For even in the height of <HI>E&s;&s;ex</HI> his credit with her, how far was &s;he from permitting him (like a <HI>Remus)</HI> to leap over any wall of her new-built Anti-Rome; or with a young, and unexperi|enced <HI>genius</HI> to &s;huffle Pulpits, Parlia|ments, Lawes, and other fundamentall e&s;tabli&s;hments of her Kingdomes, into any glorious apparances of will, or power? It &s;hould &s;eeme a fore&s;eeing, that how&s;oever this unexpected racking of people might for a time, in &s;ome particulars, both plea&s;e, and adde a glo&s;&s;y &s;tick to enlarge the Eagles ne&s;t; yet that in the end all buildings above the truth, mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily have forced her two <HI>Supremacies,</HI> of &s;tate, and nature, to de&s;cend, and through irregularities acted in her name, either become a &s;an|ctuary between the world, and inferior per&s;ons errors; or (as playing an after-game with her &s;ubjects, for a &s;ubject) con&s;traine her to change the tenure of
<PB N="202" REF="106">
commanding power, into a kind of un|princely mediation. And for what? Even vanity to intreat her people, that they would hope well of diver&s;e confu|&s;ions: how&s;oever they might &s;eem hea|dy, nay ignorant pa&s;&s;ions: and &s;uch as threaten no le&s;&s;e, then a lo&s;&s;e of native Liberties, de&s;cended upon her people, by the &s;ame pre&s;cription of time and right, by which the Crowne had de&s;|cended upon her &s;elfe, and her Ance|&s;tors; with a probable con&s;equence of many more &s;harp pointed Tyrannies over them and their freedomes, then their happily decea&s;ed Parents ever ta&s;ted or dream't of.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, admit the&s;e flatterings, and threatnings of hope, or feare (which tran&s;cendent power is &s;ometimes for|ced to worke by) could have drawne this excellent Prince&s;&s;e, and her time|pre&s;ent &s;ubjects to make bra&s;&s;e an equally currant &s;tandard with gold, or &s;ilver, within her Sea compa&s;s'd Domi|nions; yet abroad, where the freedome
<PB N="203" REF="106">
of other Soveraignties is bounded by Religion, Ju&s;tice, and well-waigh'd commerce among&s;t Neighbor-Princes, &s;he fore&s;aw, the lea&s;t thought of multi|plying &s;elf-Prerogatives, there would in&s;tantly be di&s;credited and reflected back to &s;tir up di&s;couragement in the &s;ofte&s;t hearts, of her mo&s;t humble and dutifull &s;ubjects.</P>
<P>Therefore contrary to all the&s;e cap|tived, and captiving apparances, this experienced Governe&s;&s;e of ours publi|&s;hed to the world, by a con&s;tant <HI>Series</HI> in her actions, that &s;he never was, nor ever would be overloaden with any &s;uch exce&s;&s;es in her Per&s;on, or defects in her Government, as might con&s;traine her to &s;upport, or be &s;upported by a Mo|nopolous u&s;e of Favourites; as if &s;he would make any greater then her &s;elfe, to governe Tyrannically by them.</P>
<P>Nay more; &s;o far off was &s;he from any lukewarmne&s;&s;e in Religion, as if a &s;ingle te&s;timony may have credit, that ble&s;&s;ed <HI>Queens</HI> many and free di&s;cour|&s;es
<PB N="204" REF="107">
with my &s;elfe, ingeniou&s;ly bare re|cord; that the unexpected conver&s;ion of <HI>Henry</HI> the Fourth fell fatally upon him, by the weakne&s;&s;es of his Prede|ce&s;&s;or <HI>Henry</HI> the Third, and the di&s;&s;o|lure mi&s;carriage of his Favourites. Who like Lapwings, with the &s;hels of authority about their necks, were let loo&s;e to runne over all the branches of his Kingdome, mi&s;leading Governors, Nobility, and People from the &s;teady, and mutuall re&s;t of Lawes, Cu&s;tomes, and other ancient wi&s;domes of govern|ment, into the wilderne&s;&s;es of igno|rance, and violence of will. Among&s;t which defects, all fundamentall chan|ges (e&s;pecially of Religion) in Prin|ces would be found (as &s;he conceived) the true di&s;cipline of Athei&s;me a|mong&s;t their Subjects; all &s;acrifices, obedience excepted, being but deare|bought knowledges of the Serpent, to expul&s;e Kings, and People once againe out of Mediocrity, that reciprocall Paradi&s;e of mutuall humane duties.
<PB N="205" REF="107">
Prophetically concluding, that who|&s;oever will &s;ell God to purcha&s;e earth, by making that eternall unity of many &s;hapes, mu&s;t in the end make him of none: and &s;o bee forced with lo&s;&s;e, contempt and danger to traffique not for an heires place, but a younger bio|thers; in that Church, at who&s;e wide gates he had (with &s;hame enough) al|ready turned in. And under conditions of a Servant, rather then of a Sonne, be con&s;trained for his fir&s;t &s;tep to &s;et up the Je&s;uits faction, providently &s;up|pre&s;&s;ed by him&s;elfe before, and therein to &s;hake the <HI>Sorboni&s;ts,</HI> faithfull &s;up|porters in all times of Crowne-Sove|raignty, again&s;t the&s;e &s;lave-making conjunctions betweene the Spaniard, and his <HI>Chaplaine.</HI> Nay, yet with a greater &s;hew of ingratitude, his next &s;tep mu&s;t be to &s;uppre&s;&s;e tho&s;e humble &s;oules, who had long &s;upported him, while&s;t he was King of <HI>Navarre,</HI> again&s;t that murthering Holy-water of Spa|ni&s;h <HI>Rome.</HI> La&s;tly, to &s;hew that no
<PB N="206" REF="108">
power can re&s;t upon a &s;teep, hee mu&s;t precipitately be forced to &s;end Emba&s;|&s;adors to <HI>Rome</HI> (with his Sword in his &s;cabbard) &s;ervily begging mercy, and grace of &s;uch reconciled enemies, who&s;e endle&s;&s;e ends of &s;pirituall, and tempo|rall Supremacy&punc; (this Prince&s;&s;e knew) would never forgive any heavenly Truth, or earthly power that &s;hould oppo&s;e their Combination. Finally &s;he concluded that hollow Church of <HI>Rome</HI> to be of &s;uch a <HI>Bucephalus</HI> nature, as no Monarch &s;hall be ever able to be|&s;tride it, except onely the &s;tirring <HI>Alexanders</HI> of time pre&s;ent, wherein the world is pa&s;&s;ing finely over&s;hot in her own bow.</P>
<P>Wherefore to end, (as I began) with the ca&s;e of <HI>E&s;&s;ex,</HI> was not this ex|cellent Prince&s;&s;e therein a witne&s;&s;e to her&s;elfe, that &s;he never cho&s;e, or cheri|&s;hed-Favourite, how worthy &s;oever, to Monopolize over all the &s;pirits, and bu&s;ine&s;&s;e of her Kingdome; or to im|pri&s;on the univer&s;all coun&s;els of
<PB N="207" REF="108">
nature, and State, within the narrow|ne&s;&s;e of a young fraile mans lu&s;tfull, or unexperienced affections? Not think|ing any one, e&s;pecially a Subject, better able to doe all then her &s;elfe. Where like a worthy head of a great body, &s;he left the Offices, and Officers of the Crowne free to governe in their owne Predicaments, according to her tru&s;t. Re&s;erving appeales to her &s;elfe, as a Sea&mdash;mark to warn all Creatures under her that &s;hee had &s;till a creating, or defacing power inherent in her Crown and Per&s;on, above tho&s;e &s;ubalterne places by which &s;hee did mini&s;ter uni|ver&s;all ju&s;tice. And though her wi&s;dom was too deep to nur&s;e or &s;uffer faction among&s;t tho&s;e great Commanders, and di&s;tributers of Publique Rights: yet was &s;hee as carefull not to permit any Ari&s;tocraticall cloud, or pillar, to &s;hew, or &s;hadow forth any &s;uper&s;titious, or fal&s;e lights between her and her people.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="16" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="208" REF="109">
<HEAD>CAP. XVI.</HEAD>
<P>AGaine in her hou&s;hold affaires &s;he kept the like equall hands ballancing the &s;loth or &s;umptuou&s;ne&s;&s;e of her great Stewards, and white &s;taves, with the providence, and re&s;ervedne&s;&s;e of a Lord Trea&s;urer, kept up the Ta|bles for Servants, Sutors, and for ho|nors &s;ake in her owne hou&s;e; not &s;uf|fering publike places to be made parti|cular farmes of private men, or the honor of her hou&s;hold to be carried in|to theirs: And withall, by the &s;ame reverend Auditor, &s;hee watched over the nimble Spirits, &s;elfe-&s;eeking or large-handedne&s;&s;e of her active Secre|taries; examining their Intelligence, money, Packets, Bils of tran&s;portati|on, Propo&s;itions of State, which they offer'd up by their places, together with Sutes of other Natures, in her
<PB N="201" REF="109">
wi&s;dome &s;till &s;evering the deep bu&s;i|ne&s;&s;e from the &s;pecious but narrow &s;elfne&s;&s;e of inferior Officers.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, all the&s;e were examined by reverend Magi&s;trates, who having bin formerly i&s;&s;uers of her Maje&s;ties Trea|&s;ure in the Secretaries places, did now worthily become Governours of her Finances, as be&s;t able to judge between the &s;elfne&s;&s;e of place, or per&s;on, and the reall nece&s;&s;ities of her State, and King|dome. A fine art of Government by well cho&s;en Mini&s;ters &s;ucce&s;&s;ively to wall in her Exchequer from the va&s;t expence of many things, e&s;pecially upon Forraigne Amba&s;&s;adors, which (&s;he kn&egrave;w) could neither bring reve|rence, nor thankfulne&s;&s;e to their Sove|raigne.</P>
<P>Under which head of Forraigne, and Dome&s;tique Amba&s;&s;adors, the an&s;wer wherewith that Maje&s;ticall Lady enter|tained the <HI>Polarke,</HI> expected a treating Amba&s;&s;ador, but proving (as &s;he told him) a defying Herald, is never to be
<PB N="202" REF="110">
forgotten among Princes, as an in&s;tance how &s;en&s;ible they ought to be of indig|nity, and how ready to put off &s;uch &s;ud|den affronts, without a prompting of Councellors; againe worthily memo|rable among her Subjects, as a demon|&s;trative argument that &s;he would &s;till re&s;erve <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> place entire to her &s;elfe among&s;t all the di&s;tributions of <HI>Ie|thro.</HI></P>
<P>And to go on with her Dome&s;tique affaires how provident was &s;he, out of the like caution, and to the &s;ame end, that even hee who over&s;aw the re&s;t, might have his owne greatne&s;&s;e over|&s;een, and limited too. Whereupon &s;he forgot not to allay that va&s;t power and jurisdiction of her Trea&s;urers Office, with inferior Officers of her Finances, and perchance under an a|ctive Favourits eyes, kept her owne; Be&s;ides &s;he watched and checked him in his marriage made with <HI>Paulet</HI> his Predece&s;&s;or, re&s;erved that mans ac|counts, and arrears as a rod over his
<PB N="203" REF="110">
Grandchilds alliance, qualified, and brought the fines of his many, and great Copyholds to ea&s;ie rates, would never &s;uffer any propo&s;ition to take hold of uniting the Dutchy of <HI>Lanca&s;ter</HI> to her Exchequer, what narrow rea&s;ons &s;o|ever were alleaged of &s;paring and cut|ting off the multiplicity of Officers, with their wages and ignorances or corruptions, all chargable, and cloudy paths, which the dealing with Princes moneys doth as naturally bring forth, as <HI>Africa</HI> doth Mon&s;ters. But like a provident Soveraigne, knowing that place in a Monarchy mu&s;t help as well to traine up &s;ervants, as to reward, and encourage merit; &s;he con&s;tantly (to that end) keeps that Chancellor|&s;hip of the Dutchy entire, and will not make the rewarding part of her Kingdome le&s;&s;e, to overload her Ex|chequer with any addition of in&s;tru|mentall gaine among&s;t under Officers, into who&s;e barns tho&s;e harve&s;ts are in|ned for the mo&s;t part.</P>
<P><PB N="204" REF="111">
Again with the &s;ame caution in all her doings &s;he made merit precious, ho|nour dainty, and her graces pa&s;&s;ing rare, keeping them (as the Venetians doe their curiou&s;ly refined gold) to &s;et an edge upon the indu&s;try of man, and yet (like branches of Creation) &s;paringly re&s;erved within the circuit of her Throne, as inherent, and tender Prero|gatives, not fit to be left at randome in the power of ambitious Favourites, or low-looking Councellors, who&s;e ends are &s;eldome &s;o large, or &s;afe for the pub|lique, as the native Princes Councels are, or ought to be.</P>
<P>For her Clergy with their Eccle&s;i|a&s;ticall, or Civill jurisdictions, &s;he fa|&s;hioned the Arches, and We&s;tmin&s;ter Hall to take &s;uch care one to bound another, that they in limiting them|&s;elves, enlarged their Royalties, as the chiefe and equall foundations of both their greatne&s;&s;es; &s;he gave the &s;uperior places freely, le&s;t by example &s;he &s;hould teach them to commit &s;y|mony
<PB N="205" REF="111">
with their inferiors, and &s;o adde &s;candall in &s;tead of reputation to Gods Word, who&s;e allowed Me&s;&s;engers they affect to &s;eem.</P>
<P>Her Parliaments &s;he u&s;ed, to &s;upply her nece&s;&s;arily expended trea&s;ure, and withall, as Maps of orders, or di&s;or|ders, through her whole Kingdome. In which reverent Body (as I &s;aid before) &s;he &s;tudied not to make parties, or faction, advancing any pre&s;ent Royalli&s;t in the nether Hou&s;e, to &s;tir up envy up|on her &s;elf among&s;t all the re&s;t, and &s;o publi&s;h the Crowne to u&s;e per&s;onall practi&s;es of hope, or feare, in the&s;e generall Councels of her Kingdome, but by forbearing art was never trou|bled with any artificiall brickwals from them; &s;o as their need and fears concur|ring with her occa&s;ions, made their de|&s;ires and coun&s;els concurre too, and out of tho&s;e equall, and common grounds forced every man to beleeve his private fi&s;h ponds could not be &s;afe, whiles the publique &s;tate of the Kingdome &s;tood
<PB N="206" REF="112">
in danger of pre&s;ent, or expectant extre|mities.</P>
<P>Her Councell-board (as an abridg|ment of all other jurisdictions) &s;he held up in due honour, propounded not her great bu&s;ine&s;&s;es of State to them with any prejudicate re&s;olution, which once di&s;covered, &s;uppre&s;&s;eth the freedome both of &s;pirit and judgment, but opens her &s;elfe clearly, heares them with re|&s;pect; ob&s;erves number, and rea&s;on, in their voices, and makes a quinte&s;&s;ence of all their concords, or di&s;cords within her &s;elfe, from whence the re&s;olutions and directions came &s;uddenly, and &s;e|cretly forth for execution.</P>
<P>To be &s;hort, &s;he kept awe &s;tirring over all her Courts, and other imploy|ments, as her antidote again&s;t any far|ther nece&s;&s;ity of puni&s;hments; In which arts of men, and Government, her na|ture, education, and long experience, had made her become excellent above both Sexes.</P>
<P>Againe, for the Regiment of her
<PB N="207" REF="112">
Grandees at home, &s;he did not &s;uffer the Nobility to be &s;ervants one to another, neither did her Gentry weare their Li|veries as in the Ages before; their num|ber and wealth was moderate, and their &s;pirits and powers counterpoi&s;ed with her Maje&s;ty, from being Authors of any new Barons Wars, and yet re&s;erved as brave halfe paces between a Throne and a people.</P>
<P>Her Yeomendry, a &s;tate under her Nobles, and above her Pea&s;ants (proper to England) &s;he maintained in their abilities, and never gave them cau&s;e to &s;u&s;pect, &s;he had any intent, with extra|ordinary Taxes out of the cour&s;e of Parliaments, in&s;en&s;ibly to impoveri&s;h &amp; make Boors, or &s;laves of them, know|ing that &s;uch a kind of champion coun|trey, would quickly &s;tir up the Nobi|lity it &s;elfe, to become doubtfull of their owne fences, and by con&s;equence in danger, not only of holding lives, lands, goods, and Liberties at their So|veraignes indefinite plea&s;ure, but by
<PB N="208" REF="113">
&s;u&s;pence of tho&s;e nur&s;ing, and prote|cting Parliaments, to have all other na|tive birthrights, <HI>viz.</HI> Pulpits, Lawes, Cu&s;tomes, Voyces of Appeale, Audits of Trade, humble, and reverent mention of Coronation-oaths; legall publi&s;hers, and maintainers of War, true Maps of Di&s;ea&s;es, and cures through her King|dome, with many other mutuall ci|ments of honour, and u&s;e, between So|veraigne, and &s;ubjects, like to be con|founded, or at lea&s;t metamorpho&s;ed into Prerogative Taxes, wherein the people neither have voyces, nor valu|able returne. I &s;ay, this home-borne Prince&s;&s;e of ours making her pro&s;pect over the&s;e wilderne&s;&s;es of will, and power, providently for her &s;elfe, and happily for us, refu&s;ed the broad branch of <HI>Pythagoras Y,</HI> and cho&s;e that narrow|er, but &s;afer medium of State-a&s;&s;em|blies, concluding that the&s;e two Ho|nourable Hou&s;es, were the only judi|cious, faithfull, and indu&s;trious Favo|rites of unincroaching Monarchs.</P>
<P><PB N="209" REF="113">
So that it appears &s;he did not affect, nor yet would be drawne (like many of her ancient Neighbours the French Kings) to have her &s;ubjects give away their wealth after a new fa&s;hion, <HI>viz.</HI> without returne of Pardons, ea&s;e of grievances, or comfort of Lawes, le&s;t her loving people might thereby dream of &s;ome &s;ecret intent to indennize their lives, wealth, and freedomes, into a &s;hip of <HI>Athens,</HI> of which the name being old, and all riders, &s;leepers, and other Timbers new, they were to be &s;hipped downe a &s;treame of the like nature ever, and yet never the &s;ame. Be&s;ides not to be &s;hipped into that &s;hip as Mariners, Souldiers, Saylors, or Factors, but ra|ther as &s;laves, or conquered Out-Laws, with great di&s;honour to the Legall, and Royall &s;tate of Monarchicall Govern|ment, as &s;he conceived. From which example of cha&s;te power, we that live after this excellent Lady, may with great honour to her a&s;hes re&s;olve, that &s;he would have been as adver&s;e from
<PB N="210" REF="114">
bearing the envy of printing any new Lines of Taxe, Impo&s;itions, Proclama|tions, or Mandats (without Parlia|ments) upon her ancient coele&s;tiall, or terre&s;triall Globes, as her humble &s;ub|jects po&s;&s;ibly could be, or wi&s;h her to be.</P>
<P>Now if we &s;hall examine the rea&s;on of her cutting between Lawes, Kings powers, and the Peoples freedome, by &s;o even a thread, what can it be, but a long and happy de&s;cent within the pe|degrees of active Princes, together with the moderating education of Kings children in tho&s;e times; or la&s;tly in a quinte&s;&s;ence of abilities, gathered out of tho&s;e ble&s;&s;ed, and ble&s;&s;ing mixtures of nature; Education, and Practice, which never faile to lift up man above man, and keep him there, more then place or power &s;hall by any other encroaching advantages ever be able to doe.</P>
<P>In which Map, as in a true per&s;pe|ctive gla&s;&s;e, this provident Prince&s;&s;e &s;eeing both her owne part, and her
<PB N="211" REF="114">
peoples, &s;o equally, nay advantagiou&s;ly already divided, and di&s;po&s;ed, &s;hee thought it both wi&s;dome, and ju&s;tice to leave them ballanced, and di&s;tingui&s;hed as &s;he found them; Concluding that the lea&s;t change of <HI>Parallels,</HI> or <HI>Meridian</HI> Lines newly drawne upon any the an|cient Globes of Monarchall Govern|ment in ab&s;ence of Parliaments, would (like the &s;ervice of God in an unknown Language) prove prophaned, or mi&s;un|der&s;tood; And con&s;equently regi&s;ter &s;uch a Map of writing, and blotting of irregular rai&s;ing, and depre&s;&s;ing di&s;|advantagious matching of things reall, and humours together, as mu&s;t multi|ply Athei&s;me in humane duties, ca&s;t trouble upon her E&s;tate for want of reverence at home, and provoke this heavy cen&s;ure through all the world <HI>(Spaine</HI> only excepted) that &s;he endea|voured the rai&s;ing of an invi&s;ible Tyrant above the Monarch; and to that end had made this &s;tep over Lawes, and Cu&s;tomes into &s;uch a dangerous
<PB N="212" REF="115">
kind of ignorant, and wandring confu|&s;ion, as would quickly enforce man|kinde, either to live like exhau&s;ted creatures, deprived of Sabbaths, or like barren earth without priviledge of any Jubile, which metamorpho&s;ing pro&s;pect (as they thought) would re|&s;emble <HI>Circes</HI> gue&s;ts, transforme her people into divers &s;hapes of bea&s;ts; wherin they mu&s;t lo&s;e freedome, goods, fortune, language, and kinde, all at once.</P>
<P>An inchanted confu&s;ion imaged by the Poets, to warne Princes, that if they will ea&s;ily be induced to u&s;e the&s;e racks of wit, and power indefinitly, and thereby force a free people into a de&s;|pairing e&s;tate, they mu&s;t even in the pride of their Governments, looke in &s;ome &s;ort to be forced againe, either to &s;acrifice the&s;e <HI>Emp&s;ons,</HI> and <HI>Dudleyes,</HI> as the mo&s;t popular act &s;uch Princes can doe, or el&s;e with the two edged &s;word of Tyranny, irregularitie to climbe a degree yet higher then the
<PB N="213" REF="115">
truth, to maintaine the&s;e Caterpillars in eating, or offering up Religion, Lawes, &amp;c. to the covetous, cruell, or wanton exce&s;&s;es of encroaching Tyran|ny, as though God had made all the world for one.</P>
<P>Nay more it plea&s;ed this provident Queen even curiou&s;ly to fore&s;ee, what face her e&s;tate was like to carry, if the&s;e biaced humours &s;hould continue any long raigne over us, <HI>viz.</HI> contempt to be ca&s;t over the Maje&s;ty of the Crown, feare among the people, hate and envy again&s;t the reverend Magi&s;trate, en|ti&s;ement of dome&s;tique &s;pirits to mu|tiny, or forraigne to invade upon any occa&s;ion, the Court it &s;elfe becomming a Farme, manured by drawing up, not the &s;weet, but even the browes of hum|ble &s;ubjects; and la&s;tly the Councell|boord, that glorious type of Civill Government, compelled to de&s;cend, and become Broker for money, executioner of extremity, better acquainted with the Merchant, or mechanicall &s;craping
<PB N="214" REF="116">
Revenues of &s;icke, and exhau&s;ted King|domes, then forraigne Treaties, equall ballances of Trade, true grounds of Manufactures, my&s;teries of Importa|tion, and Exportation, differing &s;trengths, and weakne&s;&s;es of Crownes, alteration of Factions, or parties with advantage, danger of alliances made to the benefit of the &s;tronger, the &s;teady (though &s;ometimes intermittent) un|dertakings of the Conqueror, with all things el&s;e that concerne <HI>Magnalia Regni,</HI> and &s;o apt in&s;truments, not reverently to &s;hew Princes the truth, but rather &s;elf-loving creatures full of pre&s;ent and &s;ervile flatteries, even to the ruine of that E&s;tate wherein they have and enjoy their honours.</P>
<P>Which confu&s;ion of place and things being cleerly imaged within her, per|&s;waded this Lady to re&s;train the &s;lavi&s;h Liberties of Tran&s;cendency, within Lawes, and Parliaments, as two un|batter'd Rampires again&s;t all over|wre&s;tings of power, or mutinies of
<PB N="215" REF="116">
people, and out of the&s;e grounds to conclude Prince-like, with her fore-fathers, that <HI>&s;uper&s;tructiones antiquae nec facil&egrave; evertuntur, nec &s;olae runnt.</HI> In this axiome making manife&s;t to the world, that time pre&s;ents children, with their young, and unexperienced capacities, are much too narrow moulds, for any large branches of well-founded Monar|chies to be altered, or new fa&s;hioned in, the new and old &s;eldome matching well together, let the Ciment of &s;eeming wi&s;dome on either &s;ide appeare never &s;o equall.</P>
<P>Now for the right u&s;e of the&s;e high pillars, if we &s;hall de&s;cend to inferior functions, we there find her (like a wor|king &s;oule in a healthfull body) &s;till, all, in all, and all in every part. For with the &s;ame re&s;training providence, &s;he kept the Crowne from nece&s;&s;ity to u&s;e Imperiall, and chargable Mandates upon her people, when &s;he had mo&s;t need of their &s;ervice, contrary to the wi&s;dome of all Government; Neither
<PB N="216" REF="117">
did &s;he by mi&s;taking, or mi&s;applying in&s;tances (gathered out of the fatall conque&s;ts of her Ance&s;tors) parallell her pre&s;ent need, and Levies with theirs, but wi&s;ely con&s;idered that the King, and the people were then equally po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ors of both Kealmes, and &s;o in all impo&s;itions contributers to them&s;elves at the fir&s;t hand.</P>
<P>From which grounds, like a conten|ted and a contenting Soveraigne, &s;he acknowledged the&s;e differences to be reall, and accordingly by an equall audit taken from her itinerant Judges, with the Ju&s;tices inhabiting in every Coun|ty, after &s;he was well informed of her &s;ubjects abilities, and her enemies threatnings, &s;he then, by advice of her Privy-Councell &s;ummon'd her Parlia|ments, demanded ayd, and was never refu&s;ed; In returne of which loving and free gifts, &s;he di&s;po&s;ed tho&s;e extraor|dinary helps to the repayring, and pro|vi&s;ionall &s;upplying of her Forts along the Coa&s;t, with offen&s;ive and defen&s;ive
<PB N="217" REF="117">
munitions, &s;he &s;tored her Office of the Ordnance as a royall Magazine to fur|ni&s;h the whole Kingdom in extremity, and when there were no wars, yet &s;he kept it full, as an equall pledge of &s;trength, and reputation, both abroad, and at home.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, this Prince&s;&s;e being confi|dent in the&s;e native Sea-walls of ours, fit to beare moving Bulwarkes in mar|tial times, and in Civill Traffiques to carry out, and in, all Commodities with advantage; &s;he double &s;tored her Navy Magazines with all materials, provided before-hand for &s;uch workes, and things, as required time, and could not be bought with money; be&s;ides, &s;he furni&s;hed her Sea Ar&s;inals with all kind of &s;taple provi&s;ions, as Ordnance, Pitch, Ro&s;in, Tar, Ma&s;ts, Deale-boards, Cordage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for the building, and maintaining of her Navie, flouri&s;hing in multitude of Ships for War and Trade.</P>
<P>And as the life of that va&s;t body,
<PB N="218" REF="118">
&s;he for encrea&s;e of Mariners, gave Princely countenance to all long voya|ges, knowing they would nece&s;&s;arily require Ordnance, new munition, and burthen; and further to encourage this long-breathed worke, &s;he added out of her Exchequer an allowance of &s;o much in the tun for the builders of any &s;hips upward of &s;o many hundred Tuns; She cheri&s;hed the fi&s;her-boats with privi|ledges along her Coa&s;ts, as nur&s;eries of Sea-men; brought <HI>Groniland,</HI> and <HI>New|found-land</HI> fi&s;hing in reputation to en|crea&s;e her &s;tock of Mariners, both by taking, and tran&s;porting what they took far off.</P>
<P>And for the Governours of her Na|vy under the Admirall, as well in times of peace as war, &s;he cho&s;e her princi|pall Officers out of the gallante&s;t Sea Commanders of that time, who&s;e ex|perience &s;he knew taught them how to husband and guide her <HI>Mu&s;covy</HI> Com|pany in generall Provi&s;ions, not as partner with her Merchants in build|ing,
<PB N="219" REF="118">
but re&s;training the Ship-keepers riot, or expence in harbour, and at Sea, how to furni&s;h, or martiall &s;hips, and Mariners in all kind of Sea-fights to their be&s;t advantage.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, through the &s;ame mens judg|ments, &s;he made all directions pa&s;s for the divers moulds required in &s;hip|ping betweene our Seas, and the Ocean, as the drawth of water, high, or low, di&s;po&s;ing of ports, cleanly roomes for Victuals, convenience of Deckes for Fight, or Trade, &s;afe conveyance for Powder, &amp; all other munition, fit Stow|age of Sea &s;tores, according to the diffe|rence of heats, or colds in the Climes they were to re&s;ide in, or pa&s;&s;e through.</P>
<P>Againe, as well to in&s;truct the Cap|taines in their particular duties, as to keep a hand of Government over the large tru&s;t, and charge committed to them, in all expeditions, the Ship with her furniture, tackling, and men, the Gunners Roome with all munition of that kind, the Boat-&s;wains provi&s;ion of
<PB N="220" REF="119">
Anchors, Cables, Canvas, and Sea|&s;tores, the Pur&s;ers, Stewards, and Cooks Roomes touching victuals were delivered to the Captaines by Bill indented; the one part kept with the Officers of the Navy at home, the other in the hands of every private Captaine to examine his accounts by when he return'd: of which my &s;elfe am wit|ne&s;&s;e, as being well acquainted with the u&s;e of it in my youth, but utterly un|acquainted with the change &s;ince, or any rea&s;ons of it.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, this great Governe&s;&s;e could tell how to worke her high Admirals (without noi&s;e) to re&s;ign their Patents, when the cour&s;e of times made them in power, and gaine, &s;eeme, or grow too exorbitant; yet kept &s;he up their Command at Sea, and when they were there made them a limited, or ab&s;olute Commi&s;&s;ion under the great Seale of <HI>England,</HI> &s;ometimes a&s;&s;ociating, and qualifying their place, with a Councell of war of her own choice, and ever guid|ing
<PB N="221" REF="119">
the generalities of the Voyage with in&s;tructions proper to the bu&s;ine&s;s, and to be publi&s;hed at Sea in a time pre|fixed.</P>
<P>Out of which caution in her prin|cipall expeditions, &s;he &s;triving (as I &s;aid) to allay that va&s;t power of place with &s;ome in&s;en&s;ible Counterpoi&s;e, many times joyned an active Favourite with that Sea <HI>Neptune</HI> of hers, making credit, place, and merit, finely com|petitors in her &s;ervice; Be&s;ides, &s;he well under&s;tanding the humours of both, temper'd them &s;o equally one with another in her latter expeditions, as the Admirall being remi&s;&s;e, and apt to forgive all things, <HI>E&s;&s;ex</HI> &s;everely true to Martiall Di&s;cipline, and loath to wound it by forgiving petty errours under that implacable Tyrant <HI>Mars,</HI> in all likelihood her Fleet could hardly be over &s;ailed, or under balla&s;ted, and con&s;equently the Crowne (in her ab|&s;ence) was &s;ure to be guarded with more eyes than two, to prevent confu|fu&s;ion
<PB N="222" REF="120">
in Martiall Affaires; where eve|ry Ship proves beyond the amendment of &s;econd thoughts, and &s;o fatall to that &s;tate which paies, and negligently ventures.</P>
<P>The Merchant-part of her King|dome was oppre&s;&s;ed with few impo&s;i|tions, the Companies free to choo&s;e their owne Officers, to fa&s;hion their Trade, a&s;&s;i&s;ted with the name and coun|tenance of her Emba&s;&s;adors, the cu|&s;tome, and returne of their indu&s;try, and adventures, contenting them in a free Market without any nearer cut|ting of peoples indu&s;try to the quick.</P>
<P>The <HI>Flu&s;hingers,</HI> and <HI>Dunkerkers</HI> in &s;ucce&s;&s;ion of time, it is true, did much afflict their Traffique, though with &s;mal &s;trength; whereupon &s;he fir&s;t travelled to &s;uppre&s;&s;e them by force, but found the Charge grow infinite, and the cure &s;o ca&s;uall, as &s;he joyned Treaty with the Sword, and &s;et her Seas by that providence, and indu&s;try, once againe at liberty from all mole&s;tation, or dan|ger of Pyrates.</P>
<P><PB N="223" REF="120">
Her Univer&s;ities were troubled with few <HI>Mandates,</HI> the <HI>Colledges</HI> free in all their Elections, and governed by their own Statutes, the gro&s;&s;e neglect of u&s;ing the Latine Tongue &s;he &s;tudied to re|forme, as well for honour of the Uni|ver&s;ities, as for her own &s;ervice in all Treaties with Forraign Princes, &s;he &s;tudied to multiply her <HI>Civilians</HI> with little charge, and yet better allow|ance to their Profe&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>In a word, &s;he pre&s;erved her Religi|on without waving, kept both her Mar|tiall, and Civill Goverment intire a|bove neglect, or practice, by which, with a multitude of like in&s;tances, &s;he manife&s;ted to the World, that the well governing of Princes own Inheritan|ces, is (in the cleare hou&s;e of Fame) &s;uperiour to all the far noi&s;ed con|que&s;ts of her over-griping Ance&s;tors, &s;ince what Man lives, conver&s;ant in the <HI>Calenders</HI> of e&s;tates, but mu&s;t know, that had not the&s;e wind-blown con|que&s;ts of ours happily been &s;cattered,
<PB N="224" REF="121">
they mu&s;t in time have turned the mo|derate wealth, and degrees of <HI>England</HI> into the na&s;ty poverty of the French pea&s;ants; brought home Mandates in &s;tead of Lawes, waved our freedomes in Parliaments with new chri&s;tned Impo&s;itions, and in the end have &s;ub|jected native and active <HI>Albion</HI> to be|come a Province, and &s;o inferior to her owne dearly bought forraign conque&s;ts, being forced to yeeld up the &s;uperla|tive works of power, to the equall Laws of Nature, which almo&s;t every where <HI>(America</HI> excepted) proclames the greater to be naturally a Law-giver over the le&s;&s;e.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="17" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="225" REF="121">
<HEAD>CAP. XVII.</HEAD>
<P>YEt as this wi&s;e and moderate Go|verne&s;&s;e was far from incroaching upon any other Princes Dominions, &s;o wanted &s;he neither fore&s;ight, courage nor might, both to &s;uppre&s;&s;e all in&s;o|lencies attempted again&s;t her &s;elfe, and to &s;upport her Neighbours unju&s;tly oppre&s;&s;ed, whereof by the Readers pa|tience I will here adde &s;ome few in&s;tan|ces.</P>
<P>She had no &s;ooner perfected her Virgin-triumph over that &s;anctified, and invincible Navy, and by that lo&s;&s;e publi&s;hed the Spani&s;h ambition, weak|ne&s;&s;e, and malice to all Chri&s;tendome, &s;ecured her owne e&s;tate, revived the Netherlands, confuted the Pope, turned the caution of the Italian Princes the right way, and amazed the world; but even then to pur&s;ue that victory, and
<PB N="226" REF="122">
prevent her enemies ambition, which &s;till threatned the world with new Fleets; then (I &s;ay) did this active Lady conclude, with advi&s;e of her Councell, and applau&s;e of her Kingdome, to de|fend her &s;elfe thenceforth by invading, and no more attend the Conquerors plea&s;ure at her owne doores.</P>
<P>Out of which re&s;olution &s;he fir&s;t &s;ent forth the Earle of <HI>Cumberland,</HI> who attempted the &s;urprize of <HI>Porto Ricco,</HI> accompli&s;hed it with honour, and &s;o might have kept it, had not di&s;ea&s;e, and di&s;order proved more dangerous ene|mies to him, then the great name, and &s;mall force of the Spani&s;h did.</P>
<P>Againe to prevent danger, not in the bud, but roor, &s;he tooke upon her the protection of <HI>Don Antonio</HI> King of <HI>Portugall,</HI> &s;ent Sir <HI>Iohn Norris,</HI> and Sir <HI>Francis Drake,</HI> with a Royall Fleet, and eleven thou&s;and men to land, &s;econded with the fortune, and countenance of the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex;</HI> they tooke the ba&s;e Towne of the Groyne, and when they
<PB N="227" REF="122">
had overthrowne all that came to &s;uc|cour it, and burnt the Countrey, then marched they on to <HI>Lisbone,</HI> and in that journey &s;acked <HI>Penicke,</HI> wa&s;ted Villages, and Provinces, entred the &s;uburbs of <HI>Lisbone</HI> even to the gates of the High Towne, and burnt three&s;core Spani&s;h hulkes full of provi&s;ions.</P>
<P>And to the &s;ame end, &s;he did, and &s;till meant &s;ucce&s;&s;ively to maintaine a Fleet of her owne Ships, and her fa&s;t friends the Netherlands upon his Coa&s;ts, not only to di&s;turbe the returne of victuals, munition, and materials for War, with which the Empire, Poland, and the Han&s;e Townes did u&s;ually, and fatally (even to them&s;elves) furni&s;h this growing Monarch, but withall to keep his Navy which was riding, and build|ing in many havens, from po&s;&s;ibility of getting head in any one place to annoy her; and thirdly to &s;et &s;uch a Taxe upon the wafting home of his Indian Fleets, as might (in &s;ome mea&s;ure) qualifie that fearfull abundance which el&s;e was like
<PB N="228" REF="123">
enough to &s;pread infection through the &s;ounde&s;t Councels, and Councellors of all his Neighbour-Princes.</P>
<P>In the meane time, the French King <HI>Henry</HI> the third (heartned by her exam|ple, and &s;ucce&s;&s;e) did encounter the <HI>Gui|&s;ards,</HI> a &s;trong Faction depending upon <HI>Spaine.</HI> And when he was made away by trea&s;on, &amp; the Leagues in Armes under the Spaniards protection, then did the Queen providently take opportunity to change the Seat of her Warres, and a&s;&s;i&s;ted <HI>Henry</HI> the fourth, the &s;ucceeding King, by the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex,</HI> untill he was able to &s;ub&s;i&s;t by him&s;elfe, and till, by her &s;upport he was &s;trengthened, both to overthrow the League, and be|come a &s;econd ballance again&s;t the great, and va&s;t de&s;ires of <HI>Spain.</HI></P>
<P>Neither did &s;he re&s;t here, or give him breath, but with a Fleet of one hundred and fifty Sayle, and a &s;trong Land-army, &s;ent the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex,</HI> and the Admi|rall of <HI>England</HI> to invade <HI>Spaine</HI> it &s;elfe, they tooke <HI>Cales,</HI> &s;poiled his Fleet of
<PB N="229" REF="123">
twenty Gallyes, and fifty nine Ships, the riches whereof were valued at twelve millions of Duckets. Immedi|ately after, imployed &s;he not the Earle of <HI>E&s;&s;ex</HI> with a Fleet to the I&s;lands? In which Voyage he &s;acked <HI>Villa Franca,</HI> tooke prizes to the value of foure hun|dred thou&s;and Duckets at the lea&s;t.</P>
<P>Now when this Spani&s;h Invader found him&s;elfe thus well paid with his owne coyne, and &s;o forced to divert the provoked hand of that famous Queen held over him, by &s;tirring up <HI>Tirone</HI> in <HI>Ireland;</HI> to which end he &s;ent money, and Forces under <HI>Don Iohn d' Aquila,</HI> even then that Lady, fir&s;t by <HI>E&s;&s;ex,</HI> and after by <HI>Montjoy,</HI> overthrew the Iri&s;h, and &s;ent home the Spaniard well re|compenced with lo&s;&s;e, and di&s;honour for a&s;&s;i&s;ting her Rebels.</P>
<P>By which and the like active cour|&s;es of hers in &s;ucce&s;&s;ive, and &s;ucce&s;&s;efull undertakings, that provident Lady both bore out the charge of all tho&s;e ex|peditions, requited his Inva&s;ion, clip|ped
<PB N="230" REF="124">
the fearfull wings of this growing Monarch, and made his credit &s;well through all the mony-banks of Europe, cau&s;ing withall as low an Ebbe of his trea&s;ure.</P>
<P>Againe by this impri&s;oning of the Lyon within his owne den, &s;he did not only le&s;&s;en his reputation (a chiefe &s;trength of growing Monarchs) but di&s;covered &s;uch a light as perchance might have forced him in time, to di&s;|pute the Titles of his U&s;urpations at home, and have given <HI>Portugall, Arra|gon,</HI> and <HI>Granoda</HI> opportunity to plead their rights with <HI>Ca&s;tile</HI> in the Courts of <HI>Mars,</HI> if God had either lengthened the dayes of that worthy Lady who under&s;tood him, or time not neglected her wi&s;dome &s;o &s;uddenly, by exchang|ing that active, victorious, enriching, and ballancing cour&s;e of her defen&s;ive Wars, for an idle (I feare) deceiving &s;hadow of peace. In which whether we already langui&s;h, or live impoveri&s;hed, whil&s;t he growes potent, and rich, by
<PB N="231" REF="124">
the fatall &s;ecurity of all Chri&s;tendome, they that &s;hall &s;ucceed us, are like to feele, and judge freely.</P>
<P>Thus you &s;ee how our famous <HI>Iudith</HI> di&s;per&s;ed the terrour of this <HI>Holofer|nes,</HI> like a cloud full of wind, and by a Princely wakefulne&s;&s;e, pre&s;erved all tho&s;e Soveraigne States that were in league with her, from the dangerous temptations of power, wealth, and pra|ctice, by which the growing Monarchs doe often intangle the inferior, but yet Soveraigne Princes. And among&s;t the re&s;t, from that u&s;efull traffique of his Leiger Emba&s;&s;adors, who trained up in the nimble exchange of Intelligence, grow to be of &s;uch a <HI>Bucephalus</HI> nature, &s;o like <HI>Rome,</HI> as I &s;aid before, a body of &s;uch members, as the <HI>Alexanders</HI> of their time can only mannage, and make u&s;e of; In&s;tance <HI>Mendo&s;a,</HI> in whom &s;he had long before di&s;covered, and di&s;cre|dited all practi&s;es of tho&s;e &s;pecious im|ployments of Conquerers Agents.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides in honour of her be it &s;po|ken,
<PB N="232" REF="125">
did not this mirrour of Ju&s;tice, by re&s;training that naturall ambition of getting other Princes rights, within the naturall bounds of well-governing her owne, become a beame of &s;uch cre|dit, as mo&s;t of the Kings, or States then raigning, freely yeelded; both to weigh their owne intere&s;ts within the &s;cales of her judgment, and be&s;ides to a&s;&s;i&s;t her in bounding out the Imperiall Meeres of all Princes by the ancient prece&s;&s;ion of Right, and power.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, did &s;he not purcha&s;e the like reputation even among&s;t the hea|then, and by it de&s;troy'd a ne&s;t, which this a&s;piring Monarch began to build in the Seraglio of <HI>Con&s;tantinople;</HI> For &s;he thinking it no wi&s;dome to look on, and &s;ee his Spani&s;h pi&s;tols pierce into &s;o high a mountaine of Forces, and di&s;|po&s;e of them at his plea&s;ure, provident|ly opened the &s;tronger Monarchs eyes to di&s;cover how craftily the weaker wrought his ends at the co&s;t of all de|fective, or &s;leepy Princes about her.</P>
<P><PB N="233" REF="125">
Yet did not this Soveraigne Lady intercept his de&s;ignes from under any Godde&s;&s;e &s;hield (whom <HI>Homer</HI> makes the Grecian Worthies &s;hoot, and hit) but di&s;planted him by a gallant Factor of her Merchants in a league of Traf|fique, and prevailed to make his Em|ba&s;&s;ador landed at <HI>Ragu&s;a,</HI> hou&s;ed in <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and all under protection of <HI>Ferrat</HI> chiefe Vi&s;ier, yet, and upon a contract of thirty thou&s;and zecchins already paid him, glad to returne, and &s;hippe him&s;elfe away, with more expe|dition then he landed.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides which reputation given to her name by the Grand Signior in this particular, &s;he generally got power to keep this fearfull Standard of the halfe Moon waving in &s;uch manner over all the King of Spaines de&s;ignes, as he dur&s;t move no where again&s;t his Neigh|bour-Chri&s;tian Princes, for feare of being incompa&s;&s;ed within the horns of the heathen Cre&s;cent.</P>
<P><PB N="234" REF="126">
But the&s;e things &s;well, and require a more authenticall Hi&s;tory, to continue the memory of that wonder of Queens, and women; in honour of who&s;e &s;acred name, I have pre&s;umed thus to digre&s;&s;e, and admoni&s;h all E&s;tates by her ex|ample, how they may draw u&s;e, and ho|nour, both from the dead, and the living, the change of times having no power over reall wi&s;domes, but infinite over the &s;hadowes of craft, and humours of petty States, which commonly follow the greater Bodies, as they are unequal|ly extended, or contracted about them.</P>
<P>Wherefore now to conclude the&s;e Heroicall Enterpri&s;es abroad, together with the reformations of her State at home, the refining of the Engli&s;h Stan|dard emba&s;ed by her &s;i&s;ter, the pre&s;er|vation of her Crown-Revenue intire, her wi&s;dome in the change of Lawes, without change of dangers, the timely and Princely help &s;he gave to <HI>Henry</HI> the fourth when he had nothing but
<PB N="235" REF="126">
the Towne of <HI>Diepe</HI> left him, his credit, and meanes being utterly exhau&s;ted, and &s;o that brave King ready, either to take Sea, and e&s;cape, or flye for &s;uccour into <HI>England,</HI> her con&s;tant e&s;tabli&s;hment of Religion in <HI>Ireland,</HI> driving the Spani&s;h Forces divers times from thence, who were ma|liciou&s;ly &s;ent as well to &s;tirre up her &s;ubjects to rebell as to maintaine, and &s;upport them in it, together with the former recited particulars, how&s;oever improperly di&s;per&s;ed, or bundled up together, yet are in their natures of &s;o rare a wi&s;dome, as I beleeve they will &s;till be more and more admired, and ju&s;tly in that excellent Prince&s;&s;e, even many Ages after her death.</P>
<P>Thus have I by the Readers pati|ence, given that Aegyptian, and Roman Tragedy a much more honourable &s;e|pulture, then it could ever have de&s;er|ved, e&s;pecially in making their memo|ries to attend upon my Soveraignes her&s;e, without any other hope of being,
<PB N="236" REF="127">
then to wait upon her life, and death, as their Maker did, who hath ever &s;ince been dying to all tho&s;e glories of Life which he formerly enjoyed, under the ble&s;&s;ed, and ble&s;&s;ing pre&s;ence of this un|matchable Queen and woman.</P>
<P>Now if any man &s;hall demand why I did not rather leave unto the world a complete hi&s;tory of her Life, then this &s;hort memoriall in &s;uch &s;catter'd, and undi&s;ge&s;ted minutes, let him receive this an&s;wer from a dead man, becau&s;e I am confident no fle&s;h breathing (by &s;eeing what is done) &s;hall have occa&s;ion of asking that que&s;tion, while&s;t I am living. Pre&s;ently after the death of my mo&s;t gracious Queen, and Mi&s;tre&s;s, the fal&s;e &s;pirits, and apparitions of idle griefe haunted me exceedingly, and made all things &s;eeme either greater, or le&s;&s;e then they were; &s;o that the far|ther I went, the more di&s;comfortable I found tho&s;e new re&s;olutions of time, to my decayed, and di&s;proportioned abilities; yet fearing to be cur&s;ed with
<PB N="237" REF="127">
the Figg-tree, if I bore no fruit, I rou|zed up my thoughts upon an ancient axiome of Wi&s;e men; <HI>Si quicquid offen|dit, relinquimus cit&ograve;; inerti otio torpebit vita;</HI> and upon a &s;econd review of the world, called to mind the many duties I ought to that matchle&s;&s;e Soveraigne of mine, with a re&s;olution to write her life in this manner.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, &s;eriou&s;ly to have begun with the uniting of the Red, and White Ro|&s;es, in the marriage of <HI>Hen:</HI> the &s;eventh; In the like manner to have run over <HI>Henry</HI> the eighths time, untill his &s;eve|rall rents in the Church, with a pur|po&s;e to have demurr'd more &s;eriou&s;ly upon the &s;udden change in his Sonne <HI>Edward</HI> the &s;ixth, from &s;uper&s;tition to the e&s;tabli&s;hment of Gods Ancient, Catholique, and Primitive Church; tho&s;e cobwebs of re-conver&s;ion in Queen <HI>Maryes</HI> dayes, I had no intent to meddle with, but only by pre-occu|pation to &s;hew, that Princes captived
<PB N="238" REF="128">
in Nature, can &s;eldome keep any thing free in their Governments, but as &s;oyles manured to bring forth ill weeds apace, mu&s;t live to &s;ee Schi&s;me ari&s;e in the Church, wearing out the reall branches of immortall truth, to weave in the thin leaves of mortall &s;uper&s;tition, and to behold in the State all their faire&s;t in|du&s;tries &s;pring, and fade together, like Ferne-&s;eed; La&s;tly, I intended with &s;uch &s;pirits, as Age had left me, to revive my &s;elf in her memory, under whom I was bred.</P>
<P>Now in this cour&s;e, becau&s;e I knew, that as the liberality of Kings did help to cover many errours, &s;o truth in a &s;tory would make good many other de|fects in the writer. I adventured to move the Secretary, that I might have his favour to peru&s;e all ob&s;olete Re|cords of the Councell che&s;t, from tho&s;e times downe as near to the&s;e, as he in his wi&s;dome &s;hould think fit; hee fir&s;t friendly required my end in it, which I
<PB N="239" REF="128">
as freely delivered him, as I have now done to you.</P>
<P>Again&s;t her memory he, of all men, had no rea&s;on to keep a &s;trict hand, and where to be&s;tow a Queen <HI>Elizabeths</HI> &s;ervant with le&s;&s;e di&s;advantage to him|&s;elfe it &s;eems readily appeared not; &s;o that my abrupt motion tooke hold of his pre&s;ent Coun&s;ell. For he liberally granted my reque&s;t, and appointed me that day three weeks to come for his warrant, which I did, and then found in &s;hew a more familiar, and gracefull a&s;pect then before, he de&s;cending to que&s;tion me, why I would dreame out my time in writing a &s;tory, being as like to ri&s;e in this time as any man he knew; Then in a more &s;erious, and friendly manner examining me, how I could cleerly deliver many things done in that time, which might perchance be con|&s;trued to the prejudice of this.</P>
<P>I &s;hortly made an&s;wer, that I concei|ved an Hi&s;torian was bound to tell no|thing
<PB N="240" REF="129">
but the truth, but to tell all truths were both ju&s;tly to wrong, and offend not only Princes, and States, but to blemi&s;h, and &s;tir up again&s;t him&s;elfe, the frailty and tenderne&s;&s;e, not only of particular men, but of many Families, with the &s;pirit of an <HI>Athenian Timon;</HI> And therefore &s;hewed my &s;elfe &s;o far from being di&s;couraged with that ob|jection, as I took upon me freely to adventure all my own goods in this Ship, which was to be of my owne building. Immediately this Noble Secretary, as it &s;eems, moved, but not removed with tho&s;e &s;elfene&s;&s;e of my opinion, &s;eriou&s;ly a&s;&s;ured me, that up|on &s;econd thoughts he dur&s;t not pre|&s;ume to let the Councell-che&s;t lie open to any man living, without his Maje|&s;ties knowledge and approbation.</P>
<P>With this &s;uper&s;edeas I humbly took my leave, at the fir&s;t &s;ight a&s;&s;uring my &s;elfe this la&s;t project of his would nece&s;&s;arily require &s;heet after &s;heet to
<PB N="241" REF="129">
be viewed, which I had no confidence in my own powers to abide the hazard of; and herein it may plea&s;e the Rea|der to beleeve me the rather by the&s;e Pamphlets, which having &s;lept out my own time, if they happen to be &s;eene hereafter, &s;hall at their own perill ri&s;e upon the &s;tage, when I am not; Be|&s;ides, in the &s;ame propo&s;ition I further &s;aw, that the many Judgements, which tho&s;e <HI>Embryoes</HI> of mine mu&s;t probably have pa&s;t through, would have brought forth &s;uch a world of alterations, as in the end the worke it &s;elfe would have proved a &s;tory of other mens writing, wity my name only to put to it, and &s;o a wor&s;hip of time, not a voluntary ho|mage of duty.</P>
<P>Farther I cannot ju&s;tifie the&s;e little &s;parkes, unworthy of her, and unfit for me; &s;o that I mu&s;t conclude with this ingenuous <HI>Confe&s;sion,</HI> that it grieves me to know I &s;hall (as far as this ab|rupt Apology extends) live, and dye
<PB N="242" REF="130">
upon equall tearmes with a Queene, and Creature &s;o many waies unequall, nay, infinitely &s;uperiour to me, both in Nature, and Fortune.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="18" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CAP. XVIII.</HEAD>
<P>NOw to return to the Tragedies re|maining, my purpo&s;e in them was, not (with the Ancient) to exemplifie the di&s;a&s;trous mi&s;eries of mans life, where Order, Lawes, Doctrine, and Authority are unable to protect Inno|cency from the exorbitant wickedne&s;&s;e of power, and &s;o out of that melan|cholike Vi&s;ion, &s;tir horrour, or mur|mur again&s;t Divine Providence: nor yet (with the Moderne) to point out Gods revenging a&s;pect upon every particular &s;in, to the de&s;paire, or con|fu&s;ion of mortality; but rather to trace out the high waies of ambitious Go|vernours,
<PB N="243" REF="130">
and to &s;hew in the practice, that the more audacity, advantage, and good &s;ucce&s;&s;e &s;uch Soveraignties have, the more they ha&s;ten to their owne de|&s;olation and ruine.</P>
<P>So that to this ab&s;tract end, finding all little in&s;truments in di&s;covery of great bodies to be &s;eldome without er|rours, I pre&s;umed, or it rather e&s;ca|ped me, to make my Images beyond the ordinary &s;tature of exce&s;&s;e, where|in again that women are predominant, is not for malice, or ill talent to their Sexe; But as Poets figured the vertues to be women, all Nations call them by Feminine names, &s;o have I de&s;cribed malice, craft, and &s;uch like vices in the per&s;ons of Shrews, to &s;hew that many of them are of that nature, even as we are, I meane &s;trong in weakne&s;&s;e; and con&s;equently in the&s;e Orbes of Pa&s;&s;i|on, the weaker Sexe, commonly the mo&s;t predominant; yet as I have not made all women good with <HI>Euripides,</HI>
<PB N="244" REF="131">
&s;o have I not made them all evill with <HI>Sophocles,</HI> but mixt of &s;uch &s;orts as we find both them, and our &s;elves.</P>
<P>Againe, for the Arguments of the&s;e Tragedies they be not naked, and ca&s;u|all, like the Greeke, and Latine, nor (I confe&s;&s;e) contrived with the variety, and unexpected encounters of the Ita|lians, but nearer Level'd to tho&s;e hu|mours, councels, and practices, where|in I thought fitter to hold the attention of the Reader, than in the &s;trangene&s;s, or perplexedne&s;s of witty Fictions; In which the affections, or imagination, may perchance find exerci&s;e, and enter|tainment, but the memory and judge|ment no enriching at all; Be&s;ides, I conceived the&s;e delicate Images to be over-abundantly furni&s;hed in all Lan|guages already.</P>
<P>And my Noble Friend had that dex|terity, even with the da&s;hes of his pen to make the <HI>Arcadian</HI> Antiques beauti|fie the Margents of his works; yet the
<PB N="245" REF="131">
honour which (I beare him record) he never affected, I leave unto him, with this addition, that his end in them was not vani&s;hing plea&s;ure alone, but mo|rall Images, and Examples, (as dire|cting threds) to guide every man through the confu&s;ed <HI>Labyrinth</HI> of his own de&s;ires, and life: So that how &s;o|ever I liked them not too well (even in that unperfected &s;hape they were) to conde&s;cend that &s;uch delicate (though inferior) Pictures of him&s;elfe, &s;hould be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed; yet I do wi&s;h that work may be the la&s;t in this kind, pre&s;uming no man that followes can ever reach, much le&s;&s;e go beyond that excellent intended patterne of his.</P>
<P>For my own part, I found my cree|ping Genius more fixed upon the Ima|ges of Life, than the Images of Wit, and therefore cho&s;e not to write to them on who&s;e foot the black Oxe had not already trod, as the Proverbe is, but to tho&s;e only, that are weather-beaten
<PB N="246" REF="132">
in the Sea of this World, &s;uch as ha|ving loft the &s;ight of their Gardens, and groves, &s;tudy to &s;aile on a right cour&s;e among Rocks, and quick-&s;ands; And if in this ordaining, and ordering mat|ter, and forme together for the u&s;e of life, I have made tho&s;e Tragedies, no Plaies for the Stage, be it known, it was no part of my purpo&s;e to write for them, again&s;t whom &s;o many good, and great &s;pirits have already written.</P>
<P>But he that will behold the&s;e Acts upon their true Stage, let him look on that Stage wherein him&s;elf is an Actor, even the &s;tate he lives in, and for every part he may perchance find a Player, and for every Line (it may be) an in|&s;tance of life, beyond the Authors in|tention, or application, the vices of for|mer Ages being &s;o like to the&s;e of this Age, as it will be ea&s;ie to find out &s;ome affinity, or re&s;emblance between them, which who&s;oever readeth with this ap|prehen&s;ion, will not perchance thinke
<PB N="247" REF="132">
the Scenes too large, at lea&s;t the matter not to be exceeded in account of words.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, for the Stile; as it is rich, or poore, according to the e&s;tate, and ability of the Writer, &s;o the value of it &s;hall be enhan&s;ed, or cried downe, ac|cording to the grace, and the capacity of the Reader, from which common Fortune of Bookes, I look for no ex|emption.</P>
<P>But to conclude, as I began this worke, to entertaine, and in&s;truct my &s;elfe, &s;o if any other find entertaine|ment, or profit by it, let him u&s;e it freely, judge honourably of my friend, and moderately of me, which is all the returne that out of this barren Stock can be de&s;ired, or expected.</P>
</DIV1>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
