Personal Memoirs Of A Residence Of Thirty Years With The Indian Tribes On The American Frontiers
PREFACE.
SKETCHES OF THE LIFE OF HENRY A. SCHOOLCRAFT. * * *
* *
PERSONAL MEMOIRS.
- CHAPTER I. Brief reminiscences of scenes from 1809
to 1817--Events preliminary to a knowledge of western life--Embarkation
on the source of the Alleghany River--Descent to Pittsburgh--Valley of
the Monongahela; its coal and iron--Descent of the Ohio in an
ark--Scenes and incidents by the way-- Cincinnati--Some personal
incidents which happened there.
- CHAPTER II. Descent of the Ohio River from
Cincinnati to its mouth--Ascent of the Mississippi, from the junction
to Herculaneum--Its rapid and turbid character, and the difficulties of
stemming its current by barges--Some incidents by the way.
- CHAPTER III. Reception at Herculaneum, and
introduction to the founder of the first American colony in Texas, Mr.
Austin--His character--Continuation of the journey on foot to St.
Louis--Incidents by the way--Trip to the mines--Survey of the mine
country--Expedition from Potosi into the Ozark Mountains, and return,
after a winter's absence, to Potosi.
- CHAPTER IV. Sit down to write an account of the
mines--Medical properties of the Mississippi water--Expedition to the
Yellow Stone--Resolve to visit Washington with a plan of managing the
mines--Descend the river from St. Genevieve to New Orleans--Incidents
of the trip--Take passage in a ship for New York--Reception with my
collection there--Publish my memoir on the mines, and proceed with it
to Washington--Result of my plan-- Appointed geologist and mineralogist
on an expedition to the sources of the Mississippi.
- CHAPTER V. Set out on the expedition to the
north-west--Remain a few weeks at New York--Visit Niagara Falls, and
reach Detroit in the first steamer--Preparations for a new style of
traveling--Correspondents--General sketch of the route pursued by the
expedition, and its results--Return to Albany, and publish my
narrative--Journal of it--Preparation for a scientific account of the
observations.
- CHAPTER VI. Reception by the country on my
return--Reasons for publishing my narrative without my reports for a
digested scientific account of the expedition--Delays interposed to
this--Correspondents--Locality of strontian--Letter from Dr.
Mitchell--Report on the copper mines of Lake Superior--Theoretical
geology--Indian symbols--Scientific subjects--Complete the publication
of my work--Its reception by the press and the public--Effects on my
mind--Receive the appointment of Secretary to the Indian Commission at
Chicago--Result of the expedition, as shown by a letter of Dr. Mitchell
to General Cass.
- CHAPTER VII. Trip through the Miami of the lakes,
and the Wabash Valley--Cross the grand prairie of Illinois--Revisit the
mines--Ascend the Illinois--Fever--Return through the great
lakes--Notice of the "Trio"--Letter from Professor Silliman--Prospect
of an appointment under government--Loss of the
"Walk-in-the-Water"--Geology of Detroit--Murder of Dr. Madison by a
Winnebago Indian.
- CHAPTER VIII. New-Yearing--A prospect opened--Poem
of Ontwa--Indian biography--Fossil tree--Letters from various
persons--Notice of Ontwa--Professor Silliman--Gov. Clinton--Hon. J.
Meigs--Colonel Benton--Mr. Dickenson--Professor Hall--Views of
Ex-presidents Madison, Jefferson, and Adams on geology--Geological
notices--Plan of a gazetteer--Opinions of my Narrative Journal by
scientific gentlemen--The impostor John Dun Hunter--Trip up the
Potomac--Mosaical chronology--Visit to Mount Vernon.
- CHAPTER IX. Appointed an agent of Indian affairs
for the United States at Saint Mary's--Reasons for the acceptance of
the office--Journey to Detroit--Illness at that point--Arrival of a
steamer with a battalion of infantry to establish a new military post
at the foot of Lake Superior--Incidents of the voyage to that
point--Reach our destination, and reception by the residents and
Indians--A European and man of honor fled to the wilderness.
- CHAPTER X. Incidents of the summer during the
establishment of the new post at St. Mary's--Life in a
nut-shell--Scarcity of room--High prices of everything--State of the
Indians--Their rich and picturesque costume--Council and its
incidents--Fort site selected and occupied--The evil of ardent spirits
amongst the Indians--Note from Governor De Witt Clinton--Mountain
ash--Curious superstitions of the Odjibwas--Language--Manito
poles--Copper--Superstitious regard for Venus--Fine harbor in Lake
Superior--Star family--A locality of necromancers--Ancient Chippewa
capital--Eating of animals.
- CHAPTER XI. Murder of Soan-ga-ge-zhick, a
Chippewa, at the head of the falls--Indian mode of interment--Indian
prophetess--Topic of interpreters and interpretation--Mode of studying
the Indian language--The Johnston family--Visits--Katewabeda, chief of
Sandy Lake--Indian mythology, and oral tales and legends--Literary
opinion--Political opinion--Visit of the chief Little Pine--Visit of
Wabishkepenais--A despairing Indian--Geography.
- CHAPTER XII. A pic-nic party at the foot of Lake
Superior--Canoe--Scenery--Descent of St. Mary's Falls--Etymology of the
Indian names of Sault Ste. Marie, and Lake Superior--The wild rice
plant--Indian trade--American Fur Company--Distribution of
presents--Death of Sassaba--Epitaph--Indian capacity to count--Oral
literature--Research--Self-reliance.
- CHAPTER XIII. My first winter at the foot of Lake
Superior--Copper mines--White fish--A poetic name for a fish--Indian
tale--Polygamy--A reminiscence--Taking of Fort Niagara--Mythological
and allegorical tales among the aborigines--Chippewa language--Indian
vowels--A polite and a vulgar way of speaking the language--Public
worship--Seclusion from the world.
- CHAPTER XIV. Amusements during the winter months,
when the temperature is at the lowest point--Etymology of the word
Chippewa--A meteor--The Indian "fire-proof"--Temperature and
weather--Chippewa interchangeables--Indian names for the seasons--An
incident in conjugating verbs--Visiting--Gossip--The fur trade--Todd,
McGillvray, Sir Alexander Mackenzie--Wide dissimilarity of the English
and Odjibwa syntax--Close of the year.
- CHAPTER XV. New Year's day among the descendants
of the Norman French--Anti-philosophic speculations of
Brydone--Schlegel on language--A peculiar native expression evincing
delicacy--Graywacke in the basin of Lake Superior--Temperature--Snow
shoes--Translation of Gen. i. 3--Historical reminiscences--Morals of
visiting--Ojibwa numerals--Harmon's travels--Mackenzie's
vocabularies--Criticism--Mungo Park.
- CHAPTER XVI. Novel reading--Greenough's
"Geology"--The cariboo--Spiteful plunder of private property on a large
scale--Marshall's Washington--St. Clair's "Narrative of his
Campaign"--Etymology of the word totem--A trait of transpositive
languages--Polynesian languages--A meteoric explosion at the maximum
height of the winter's temperature--Spafford's "Gazetteer"--Holmes on
the Prophecies--Foreign politics--Mythology--Gnomes--The Odjibwa based
on monosyllables--No auxiliary verbs--Pronouns declined for
tense--Esprella's letters--Valerius--Gospel of St. Luke--Chippewayan
group of languages--Home politics--Prospect of being appointed
superintendent of the lead mines of Missouri.
- CHAPTER XVII. Close of the winter solstice, and
introduction of a northern spring--News from the world--The Indian
languages--Narrative Journal--Semi-civilization of the ancient Aztec
tribes--Their arts and languages--Hill's ironical review of the
"Transactions of the Royal Society"--A test of modern
civilization--Sugar making--Trip to one of the camps--Geology of
Manhattan Island--Ontwa, an Indian poem--Northern
ornithology--Dreams--The Indian apowa--Printed queries of General
Cass--Prospect of the mineral agency--Exploration of the St.
Peter's--Information on that head.
- CHAPTER XIX. Outlines of the incidents of the
summer of 1823--Glance at the geography of the lake country--Concretion
of aluminous earth--General Wayne's body naturally embalmed by this
property of the soil of Erie--Free and easy manners--Boundary
Survey--An old friend--Western commerce--The Austins of Texas
memory--Collision of civil and military power--Advantages of a visit to
Europe.
- CHAPTER XX. Incidents of the year 1824--Indian
researches--Diverse idioms of the Ottowa and Chippewa--Conflict of
opinion between the civil and military authorities of the place--A
winter of seclusion well spent--St. Paul's idea of languages--Examples
in the Chippewa--The Chippewa a pure form of the Algonquin--Religion in
the wilderness--Incidents--Congressional excitements--Commercial view
of the copper mine question--Trip to Tackwymenon Falls, in Lake
Superior.
- CHAPTER XXI. Oral tales and legends of the
Chippewas--First assemblage of a legislative council at
Michigan--Mineralogy and geology--Disasters of the War of
1812--Character of the new legislature--Laconic note--Narrative of a
war party, and the disastrous murders committed at Lake Pepin in July
1824--Speech of a friendly Indian chief from Lake Superior on the
subject--Notices of mineralogy and geology in the west--Ohio and Erie
Canal--Morals--Lafayette's progress--Hooking minerals--A philosophical
work on the Indians--Indian biography by Samuel L. Conant--Want of
books on American archaeology--Douglass's proposed work on the
expedition of 1820.
- CHAPTER XXII.
- CHAPTER XXIII. Trip to Prairie du Chien on the
Mississippi--Large assemblage of tribes--Their appearance and
character--Sioux, Winnebagoes, Chippewas, &c.--Striking and
extraordinary appearance of the Sacs and Foxes, and of the
Iowas--Keokuk--Mongazid's speech--Treaty of limits--Whisky question--A
literary impostor--Journey through the valleys of the Fox and Wisconsin
rivers--Incidents--Menomonies--A big nose--Wisconsin Portage.
- CHAPTER XXIV. Descent of Fox
River--Blackbirds--Menomonies--Rice fields--Starving Indians--Thunder
storm--Dream--An Indian struck dead with lightning--Green Bay--Death of
Colonel Haines--Incidents of the journey from Green Bay to
Michilimackinack--Reminiscences of my early life and
travels--Choiswa--Further reminiscences of my early life--Ruins of the
first mission of Father Marquette--Reach Michilimackinack.
- CHAPTER XXV. Journey from Mackinac to the Sault
Ste. Marie--Outard Point--Head winds--Lake Huron in a rage--Desperate
embarkation--St. Vital--Double the Detour--Return to St.
Mary's--Letters--"Indian girl"--New volume of travels--Guess' Cherokee
alphabet--New views of the Indian languages and their principles of
construction--Georgia question--Post-office difficulties--Glimpses from
the civilized world.
- CHAPTER XXVI. General aspects of the Indian
cause--Public criticism on the state of Indian researches, and literary
storm raised by the new views--Political rumor--Death of R. Pettibone,
Esq.--Delegate election--Copper mines of Lake Superior--Instructions
for a treaty in the North--Death of Mr. Pettit--Denial of post-office
facilities--Arrival of commissioners to hold the Fond du Lac
treaty--Trip to Fond du Lac through Lake
Superior--Treaty--Return--Deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
- CHAPTER XXVII. Epidemical condition of the
atmosphere at Detroit--Death of Henry J. Hunt and A. G. Whitney,
Esqrs.--Diary of the visits of Indians at St. Mary's Agency--Indian
affairs on the frontier under the supervision of Col.
McKenney--Criticisms on the state of Indian questions--Topic of Indian
eloquence--State of American researches in natural science--Dr. Saml.
L. Mitchell.
- CHAPTER XXVIII. Mineralogy--Territorial
affairs--Vindication of the American policy by its treatment of the
Indians--New York spirit of improvement--Taste for cabinets of natural
history--Fatalism in an Indian--Death of a first born son--Flight from
the house--Territorial matters--A literary topic--Preparations for
another treaty--Consolations--Boundary in the North-west under the
treaty of Ghent--Natural history--Trip to Green Bay--Treaty of Butte
des Morts--Winnebago outbreak--Intrepid conduct of General Cass--Indian
stabbing--Investment of the petticoat--Mohegan language.
- CHAPTER XXIX. Treaty of Butte des Morts--Rencontre
of an Indian with grizzly bears--Agency site at Elmwood--Its
picturesque and sylvan character--Legislative council of the
Territory--Character of its parties, as hang-back and
toe-the-marks--Critical Reviews--Christmas.
- CHAPTER XXX. Retrospect--United States Exploring
Expedition to the South Sea--Humanity of an Indian--Trip to Detroit
from the Icy Straits--Incidental action of the Massachusetts and Rhode
Island Historical Societies, and of the Montreal Natural History
Society--United States Exploring Expedition--Climatology--Lake vessels
ill found--Poetic view of the Indian--United States Exploring
Expedition--Theory of the interior world--Natural History--United
States Exploring Expedition.--History of early legislation in
Michigan--Return to St. Mary's--Death of Governor De Witt Clinton.
- CHAPTER XXXI. Official journal of the Indian
intercourse--Question of freedmen, or persons not bonded for--Indian
chiefs, Chacopee, Neenaby, Mukwakwut, Tems Couvert, Shingabowossin,
Guelle Plat, Grosse Guelle--Further notice of Wampum-hair--Red
Devil--Biographical notice of Guelle Plat, or Flat Mouth--Brechet
--Meeshug, a widow--Iauwind--Mongazid, chief of Fond du
Lac--Chianokwut--White Bird--Annamikens, the hero of a bear fight, &c.
&c.
- CHAPTER XXXII. Natural history of the
north-west--Northern zoology--Fox--Owl--Reindeer--A dastardly attempt
at murder by a soldier---Lawless spread of the population of northern
Illinois over the Winnebago land--New York Lyceum of Natural
History--U.S. Ex. Ex.--Fiscal embarrassments in the Department--Medical
cause of Indian depopulation--Remarks of Dr. Pitcher--Erroneous
impressions of the Indian character--Reviews--Death of John Johnston,
Esq.
- CHAPTER XXXIII. Treaty of St.
Joseph--Tanner--Visits of the Indians in distress--Letters from the
civilized world--Indian code projected--Cause of Indian suffering--The
Indian cause--Estimation of the character of the late Mr.
Johnston--Autobiography--Historical Society of Michigan--Fiscal
embarrassments of the Indian Department.
- CHAPTER XXXIV. Political horizon--Ahmo
Society--Incoming of Gen. Jackson's administration--Amusements of the
winter--Peace policy among the Indians--Revival at Mackinac--Money
crisis--Idea of Lake tides--New Indian code--Anti-masonry--Missions
among the Indians--Copper mines--The policy respecting them
settled--Whisky among the Indians--Fur trade--Legislative
council--Mackinac mission---Officers of Wayne's war--Historical Society
of Michigan--Improved diurnal press.
- CHAPTER XXXV. The new administration--Intellectual
contest in the Senate--Sharp contest for mayoralty of Detroit--Things
shaping at Washington--Perilous trip on the ice--Medical effects of
this exposure--Legislative Council--Visit to Niagara Falls--A visitor
of note--History--Character of the Chippewas--Ish-ko-da-wau-bo--Rotary
sails--Hostilities between the Chippewas and Sioux--Friendship and
badinage--Social intercourse--Sanillac--Gossip--Expedition to Lake
Superior--Winter Session of the Council--Historical
disclosure--Historical Society of Rhode Island--Domestic--French
Revolution.
- CHAPTER XXXVI. Lecture before the
Lyceum--Temperature in the North--Rum and taxes--A mild winter adverse
to Indians--Death of a friend--Christian atonement--Threats of a
Caliban, or an Indianized white man--Indian emporium--Bringing up
children--Youth gone astray--Mount Hope Institution--Expedition into
the Indian country--Natural History of the United States--A
reminiscence--Voyage inland.
- CHAPTER XXXVII. Lake Superior--Its shores and
character--Geology--Brigade of boats--Dog and porcupine--Burrowing
birds--Otter--Keweena Point--Unfledged ducks--Minerals--Canadian
resource in a tempest of rain--Tramp in search of the
picturesque--Search for native copper--Isle Royal descried--Indian
precaution--Their ingenuity--Lake action--Nebungunowin
River--Eagles--Indian tomb--Kaug Wudju.
- CHAPTER XXXVIII. ACCOUNT OF THE HIGHLANDS BETWEEN
LAKE SUPERIOR AND THE MISSISSIPPI.
- CHAPTER XXXIX. INCIDENTS ON THE SOURCES OF THE ST.
CROIX AND CHIPPEWA RIVERS.
- CHAPTER XL. EXPLORATION OF THE RED CEDAR OR
FOLLAVOINE VALLEY OF THE CHIPPEWA RIVER.
- CHAPTER XLI. Death of Mr. Monroe--Affair of the
massacre of the Menomonies by the Foxes--Descent to Galena--Trip in the
lead mine country to Fort Winnebago--Gratiot's Grove--Sac and Fox
disturbances--Black Hawk--Irish Diggings--Willow Springs--Vanmater's
lead--An escape from falling into a pit--Mineral Point--Ansley's copper
mine--Gen. Dodge's--Mr. Brigham's--Sugar Creek--Four Lakes--Seven Mile
Prairie--A night in the woods--Reach Fort Winnebago--Return to the
Sault--Political changes in the cabinet--Gov. Cass called to
Washington--Religious changes--G.B. Porter appointed Governor--Natural
history--Character of the new governor--Arrival of the Rev. Jeremiah
Porter--Organization of a church.
- CHAPTER XLII. Revival of St. Mary's--Rejection of
Mr. Van Buren as Minister to England--Botany and Natural History of the
North-west--Project of a new expedition to find the Sources of the
Mississippi--Algie Society--Consolidation of the Agencies of St. Mary's
and Michilimackinack--Good effects of the American Home Missionary
Society--Organization of a new inland exploring expedition committed to
me--Its objects and composition of the corps of observers.
- CHAPTER XLIII. Expedition to, and discovery of,
Itasca Lake, the source of the Mississippi River--Brief notice of the
journey to the point of former geographical discovery in the basin of
Upper Red Cedar, or Cass Lake--Ascent and portage to Queen Anne's
Lake--Lake Pemetascodiac--The Ten, or Metoswa Rapids--Pemidgegomag, or
Cross-water Lake--Lake Irving--Lake Marquette--Lake La Salle--Lake
Plantagenet--Ascent of the Plantagenian Fork--Naiwa, or Copper-snake
River--Agate Rapids and portage--Assawa Lake--Portage over the Hauteur
des Terres--Itasca Lake--Its picturesque character--Geographical and
astronomical position--Historical data.
- CHAPTER XLIV. Descent of the Mississippi River,
from Itasca Lake to Cass Lake--Traits of its bank--Kabika
Falls--Upsetting of a canoe--River descends by steps, and through
narrow rocky passes--Portage to the source of the Crow-Wing River--Moss
Lake--Shiba Lake--Leech Lake--Warpool Lake--Long Lake Mountain
portage--Kaginogomanug--Vermilion Lake--Ossawa Lake-Shell River--Leaf
River--Long Prairie River--Kioskk, or Gull River--Arrival at its
mouth--Descent to the Falls of St. Anthony, and St. Peter's--Return to
St. Mary's.
- CHAPTER XLV. Letter from a mother--Cholera--Indian
war--Royal Geographical Society--Determine to leave the Sault--Death of
Miss Cass--Death of Rev. Mr. Richard--Notice of the establishment of a
Methodist Mission at the--The Sault a religious place--Botany and
Natural History--New University organized--Algic Society--Canadian boat
song--Chaplains in the army--Letter from a missionary--Affairs at
Mackinack--Hazards lake commerce--Question of the temperance
reform--Dr. D. Houghton--South Carolina resists--Gen. Jackson
re-elected President.
- CHAPTER XLVI. An Indian woman builds a
church--Conchology--South Carolina prepares to resist the revenue
laws--Moral affairs--Geography--Botany--Chippewas and Sioux--A native
evangelist in John Sunday--His letter in English; its philological
value--The plural pronoun we--An Indian battle--Political
affairs--South Carolina affairs--Tariff compromise of Mr. Clay--Algic
Society; it employs native evangelists--Plan of visiting
Europe--President's tour--History of Detroit--Fresh-water shells--Lake
tides--Prairie--Country--Reminiscence.
- CHAPTER XLVII. Earliest point of French occupancy
in the area of the Upper Lakes--Removal of my residence from the Sault
St. Marie to the island of Michilimackinack--Trip to New York--Its
objects--American Philosophical Society--Michilimackinack; its
etymology--The rage for investment in western lands begins--Traditions
of Saganosh--Of Porlier--Of Perrault--Of Captain Thorn--Of the chief,
Old Wing--Of Mudjekewis, of Thunder Bay--Character of Indian tradition
respecting the massacre at old Fort Mackinack in 1763.
- CHAPTER XLVIII. Anniversary of the Algic
Society--Traditions of Chusco and Mukudapenais respecting Gen. Wayne's
treaty--Saliferous column in American geology--Fact in lake
commerce--Traditions of Mrs. Dousman and Mr. Abbott respecting the
first occupation of the Island of Michilimackinack--Question of the
substantive verb in the Chippewa language--Meteoric phenomena during
the month of December--Historical fact--Minor incidents.
- CHAPTER XLIX. Population of
Michilimackinack--Notices of the weather--Indian name of the
Wolverine--Harbor closed--Intensity of temperature which can be
borne--Domestic incidents--State of the weather--Fort Mackinack
unsuccessfully attacked in 1814--Ossiganoc--Death of an Indian
woman--Death of my sister--Harbor open--Indian name of the Sabbath
day--Horticultural amusement--Tradition of the old church door--Turpid
conduct of Thomas Shepard, and his fate--Wind, tempests, sleet, snow--A
vessel beached in the harbor--Attempt of the American Fur Company to
force ardent spirits into the country, against the authority of the
Agent.
- CHAPTER L. Visit to Isle Rond--Site of an ancient
Indian village--Ossuarie--Indian prophet--Traditions of Chusco and Yon
respecting the ancient village and bone deposit--Indian
speech--Tradition of Mrs. La Fromboise respecting Chicago--Etymology of
the name--Origin of the Bonga family among the Chippewas--Traditions of
Viancour--Of Nolan--Of the chief Aishquagonaibe, and of
Sagitondowa--Evidences of antique cultivation on the Island of
Mackinack--View of affairs at Washington--The Senate an area of
intellectual excitement--A road directed to be cut through the
wilderness from Saginaw--Traditions of Ossaganac and of Little Bear
Skin respecting the Lake Tribes.
- CHAPTER LI. Trip to Detroit--American Fur Company;
its history and organization--American Lyceum; its objects--Desire to
write books on Indian subjects by persons not having the information to
render them valuable--Reappearance of cholera--Mission of Mackinack;
its history and condition--Visit of a Russian officer of the Imperial
Guards--Chicago; its prime position for a great entrepot--Area and
destiny of the Mississippi Valley.
- CHAPTER LII. Philology--Structure of the Indian
languages--Letter from Mr. Duponceau--Question of the philosophy of the
Chippewa syntax--Letter from a Russian officer on his travels in the
West--Queries on the physical history of the North--Leslie Duncan, a
maniac--Arwin on the force of dissipation--Missionary life on the
sources of the Mississippi--Letter from Mr. Boutwell--Theological
Review--The Territory of Michigan, tired of a long delay, determines to
organize a State Government.
- CHAPTER LIIII. Indications of a moral revolution
in the place--Political movements at Detroit--Review of the state of
society at Michilimackinack, arising from its being the great central
power of the north-west fur trade--A letter from Dr.
Greene--Prerequisites of the missionary function--Discouragements--The
state of the Mackinack Mission--Problem of employing native teachers
and evangelists--Letter of Mr. Duponceau--Ethnological
gossip--Translation of the Bible into Algonquin--Don M. Najera--Premium
offered by the French Institute--Persistent Satanic influence among the
Indian tribes--Boundary dispute with Ohio--Character of the State
Convention.
- CHAPTER LIV. Requirements of a missionary
laborer--Otwin--American quadrupeds--Geological question--Taste of an
Indian chief for horticulture--Swiss missionaries to the
Indians--Secretary of War visits the island--Frivolous literary,
diurnal, and periodical press--Letter of Dr. Ives on this topic--Lost
boxes of minerals and fresh-water shells--Geological visit of Mr.
Featherstonehaugh and Lieut. Mather--Mr. Hastings--A theological
graduate.
- CHAPTER LV. Rage for investment in western
lands--Habits of the common deer--Question of the punishment of Indian
murders committed in the Indian country--A chief calls to have his
authority recognized on the death of a predecessor--Dr. Julius, of
Prussia--Gen. Robert Patterson--Pressure of emigration--Otwin--Dr.
Gilman and Mr. Hoffman--Picturesque trip to Lake Superior--Indians
desire to cede territory--G.W. Featherstonehaugh--Sketch of his
geological reconnoisance of the St. Peter's River--Dr. Thomas H.
Webb--Question of inscriptions on American rocks--Antiquities--Embark
for Washington, and come down the lakes in the great tempest of 1835.
- CHAPTER LVI. Florida war--Startling news of the
Massacre of Dade--Peoria on the Illinois--Abanaki
language--Oregon--Things shaping for a territorial
claim--Responsibility of claim in an enemy's country--A true
soldier--Southern Literary Messenger--Missionary cause--Resources of
Missouri--Indian portfolio of Lewis--Literary gossip--Sir Francis
Head--The Crane and Addik totem--Treaty of March 28th, 1836, with the
Ottawas and Chippewas--Treaty with the Saginaws of May 20th--Treaty
with the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas of May 9th--Return to
Michilimackinack--Death of Charlotte, the daughter of Songageezhig.
- CHAPTER LVII. Home matters--Massachusetts
Historical Society--Question of the U.S. Senate's action on certain
treaties of the Lake Indians--Hugh L. White--Dr. Morton's Crania
Americana--Letter from Mozojeed--State of the pillagers--Visit of Dr.
Follen and Miss Martineau--Treaty movements--Young Lord
Selkirk--Character and value of Upper Michigan--Hon. John Norvell's
letter--Literary Items--Execution of the treaty of March 28th--Amount
of money paid--Effects of the treaty--Baron de Behr--Ornithology.
- CHAPTER LVIII. Value of the equivalent territory
granted to Michigan, by Congress, for the disputed Ohio boundary--Rapid
improvement of Michigan--Allegan--Indian legend--Baptism and death of
Kagoosh, a very aged chief at St. Mary's--New system of writing Indian,
proposed by Mr. Nash--Indian names for new towns--A Bishop's notion of
the reason for applying to Government for education funds under Indian
treaties--Mr. Gallatin's paper on the Indians--The temperance movement.
- CHAPTER LIX. Difficulties resulting from a false
impression of the Indian character--Treaty with the Saginaws--Ottawas
of Grand River establish themselves in a colony in Barry
County--Payments to the Ottawas of Maumee,
Ohio--Temperance--Assassination of young Aitkin by an Indian at Leech
Lake--Mackinack mission abandoned--Wyandots complain of a trespass from
a mill-dam--Mohegans of Green Bay apply for aid on their way to visit
Stockbridge, Mass.--Mohegan traditions--Historical Society--Programme
of a tour in the East--Parental disobedience--Indian treaties--Dr.
Warren's Collection of Crania--Hebrew language--Geology--"Goods
offer"--Mrs. Jameson--Mastodon's tooth in Michigan--Captain
Marryatt--The Icelandic language--Munsees--Speech of Little Bear Skin
chief, or Mu-konsewyan.
- CHAPTER LX. Notions of foreigners about
America--Mrs. Jameson--Appraisements of Indian property--Le Jeune's
early publication on the Iroquois--Troops for Florida--A question of
Indian genealogy--Annuity payments--Indians present a claim of
salvage--Death of the Prophet Chusco--Indian sufferings--Gen. Dodge's
treaty--Additional debt claims--Gazetteer of Michigan--Stone's Life of
Brant--University of Michigan--Christian Keepsake--Indian
etymology--Small-pox breaks out on the Missouri--Missionary operation
in the north-west--Treaty of Flint River with the Saginaws.
- CHAPTER LXI. Tradition of Pontiac's conspiracy and
death--Patriot war--Expedition of a body of 250 men to
Boisblanc--Question of schools and missions among the Indians--Indian
affairs--Storm at Michilimackinack--Life of Brant--Interpreterships and
Indian language--A Mohegan--Affair of the "Caroline"--Makons--Plan of
names for new towns--Indian legends--Florida war--Patriot war--Arrival
of Gen. Scott on the frontiers--Resume of the difficulties of the
Florida war--Natural history and climate of Florida--Death of Doctor
Lutner.
- CHAPTER LXII. Indiana tampered with at Grand
River--Small-pox in the Missouri Valley--Living history at home--Sunday
schools--Agriculture--Indian names--Murder of the Glass family--Dr.
Morton's inquiries respecting Indian crania--Necessity of one's writing
his name plain--Michigan Gazetteer in preparation--Attempt to make the
Indian a political pack-horse--Return to the Agency of
Michilimackinack--Indian skulls phrenologically examined--J. Toulmin
Smith--Cherokee question--Trip to Grand River--Treaty and annuity
payments--The department accused of injustice to the Indians.
- CHAPTER LXIII. Missions--Hard times, consequent on
over-speculation--Question of the rise of the lakes--Scientific
theory--Trip to Washington--Trip to Lake Superior and the Straits of
St. Mary--John Tanner--Indian improvements north of
Michilimackinack--Great cave--Isle Nabiquon--Superstitious ideas of the
Indians connected with females--Scotch royals--McKenzie--Climate of the
United States--Foreign coins and natural history--Antique fort in Adams
County, Ohio--Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries--Statistics of
lands purchased from the Indians--Sun's eclipse--Government payments.
- CHAPTER LXIV. Descendant of one spared at the
massacre of St. Bartholomew's--Death of Gen. Clarke--Massacre of
Peurifoy's family in Florida--Gen. Harrison's historical
discourse--Death of an emigrant on board a steamboat--Murder of an
Indian--History of Mackinack--Incidents of the treaty of 29th July,
1837--Mr. Fleming's account of the missionaries leaving Georgia, and of
the improvements of the Indians west--Death of Black Hawk--Incidents of
his life and character--Dreadful cruelty of the Pawnees in burning a
female captive--Cherokee emigration--Phrenology--Return to
Detroit--University--Indian affairs--Cherokee removal--Indians shot at
Fort Snelling.
- CHAPTER LXV. Embark for New York--A glimpse of
Texan affairs--Toltecan monuments--Indian population of Texas--Horrible
effects of drinking ardent spirits among the Indians--Mr. Gallatin--His
opinions on various subjects of philosophy and history--Visit to the
South--Philadelphia--Washington--Indian affairs--Debt claim--Leave to
visit Europe--Question of neutrality--Mr. Van Buren--American
imaginative literature--Knickerbocker--Resume of the Indian question of
sovereignty.
- CHAPTER LXVI. Sentiments of loyalty--Northern
Antiquarian Society--Indian statistics--Rhode Island Historical
Society--Gen. Macomb--Lines in the Odjibwa language by a mother on
placing her children at school--Mehemet Ali--Mrs. Jameson's opinion on
publishers and publishing--Her opinion of my Indian legends--False
report of a new Indian language--Indian compound words--Delafield's
Antiquities--American Fur Company--State of Indian disturbances in
Texas and Florida--Causes of the failure of the war in Florida, by an
officer--Death of an Indian chief--Mr. Bancroft's opinion on the
Dighton Rock inscription--Skroellings not in New England--Mr.
Gallatin's opinion on points of Esquimaux language, connected with our
knowledge of our archaeology.
- CHAPTER LXVII. Workings of unshackled mind--Comity
of the American Addison--Lake periodical fluctuations--American
antiquities--Indian doings in Florida and Texas--Wood's New England's
Prospect--Philological and historical comments--Death of
Ningwegon--Creeks--Brothertons made citizens--Charles Fenno
Hoffman--Indian names for places on the Hudson--Christian
Indians--Etymology--Theodoric--Appraisements of Indian property--Algic
researches--Plan and object.
- CHAPTER LXVIII. American
antiquities--Michilimackinack a summer resort--Death of Ogimau
Keegido--Brothertons--An Indian election--Cherokee murders--Board of
Regents of the Michigan University--Archaeological facts and
rumors--Woman of the Green Valley--A new variety of fish--Visits of the
Austrian and Sardinian Ministers to the U.S.--Mr. Gallup--Sioux
murders--A remarkable display of aurora borealis--Ottawas of
Maumee--Extent of auroral phenomena--Potawattomie
cruelty--Mineralogy--Death of Ondiaka--Chippewa tradition--Fruit
trees--Stone's preparation of the Life and Times of Sir William
Johnson--Dialectic difference between the language of the Ottawas and
the Chippewas--Philological remarks on the Indian languages--Mr. T.
Hulbert.
- CHAPTER LXIX. Popular error respecting the Indian
character and history--Remarkable superstition--Theodoric--A missionary
choosing a wild flower--Piety and money--A fiscal collapse in
Michigan--Mission of Grand Traverse--Simplicity of the school-girl's
hopes--Singular theory of the Indians respecting story-telling--Oldest
allegory on record--Political aspects--Seneca
treaty--Mineralogy--Farming and mission station on Lake Michigan.
- CHAPTER LXX. Death of Col. Lawrence
Schoolcraft--Perils of the revolutionary era--Otwin--Mr. Bancroft's
history in the feature of its Indian relations--A tradition of a noted
chief on Lake Michigan--The collection of information for a historical
volume--Opinions of Mr. Paulding, Dr. Webster, Mr. Duer, John Quincy
Adams--Holyon and Alholyon--Family monument--Mr. Stevenson, American
Minister at London--Joanna
Baillie--Wisconsin--Ireland--Detroit--Michilimackinack.
- CHAPTER LXXI. Philology of the Indian tongues--Its
difficulties--Belles lettres and money--Michigan and Georgia--Number of
species in natural history--Etymology--Nebahquam's dream--Trait in
Indian legends--Pictography--Numeration of the races of Polynesia and
the Upper Lakes--Love of one's native tongue--Death of Gen.
Harrison--Rush for office on his inauguration--Ornamental and shade
trees--Historical collections--Mission of "Old Wing."
- CHAPTER LXXII. Popular common school
education--Iroquois name for Mackinack--Its scenic beauties poetically
considered--Phenomenon of two currents of adverse wind
meeting--Audubon's proposed work on American quadrupeds--
Adario--Geographical range of the mocking-bird--Removal from the West
to the city of New York--An era accomplished--Visit to Europe.
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